Tektronix KPCI-3110, KPCI-3116 User manual

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KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116

PCI Bus Data Acquisition Boards User’s Manual

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

WARRANTY

Hardware

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants that, for a period of three (3) years from the date of shipment, the Keithley Hardware product will be free from defects in materials or workmanship. This warranty will be honored provided the defect has not been caused by use of the Keithley Hardware not in accordance with the instructions for the product. This warranty shall be null and void upon: (1) any modiﬁcation of Keithley Hardware that is made by other than Keithley and not approved in writing by Keithley or (2) operation of the Keithley Hardware outside of the environmental speciﬁcations therefore.

Upon receiving notiﬁcation of a defect in the Keithley Hardware during the warranty period, Keithley will, at its option, either repair or replace such Keithley Hardware. During the ﬁrst ninety days of the warranty period, Keithley will, at its option, supply the necessary on site labor to return the product to the condition prior to the notiﬁcation of a defect. Failure to notify Keithley of a defect during the warranty shall relieve Keithley of its obligations and liabilities under this warranty.

Other Hardware

The portion of the product that is not manufactured by Keithley (Other Hardware) shall not be covered by this warranty, and Keithley shall have no duty of obligation to enforce any manufacturers' warranties on behalf of the customer. On those other manufacturers’ products that Keithley purchases for resale, Keithley shall have no duty of obligation to enforce any manufacturers’ warranties on behalf of the customer.

Software

Keithley warrants that for a period of one (1) year from date of shipment, the Keithley produced portion of the software or ﬁrmware (Keithley Software) will conform in all material respects with the published speciﬁcations provided such Keithley Software is used on the product for which it is intended and otherwise in accordance with the instructions therefore. Keithley does not warrant that operation of the Keithley Software will be uninterrupted or error-free and/or that the Keithley Software will be adequate for the customer's intended application and/or use. This warranty shall be null and void upon any modiﬁcation of the Keithley Software that is made by other than Keithley and not approved in writing by Keithley.

If Keithley receives notiﬁcation of a Keithley Software nonconformity that is covered by this warranty during the warranty period, Keithley will review the conditions described in such notice. Such notice must state the published speciﬁcation(s) to which the Keithley Software fails to conform and the manner in which the Keithley Software fails to conform to such published speciﬁcation(s) with sufﬁcient speciﬁcity to permit Keithley to correct such nonconformity. If Keithley determines that the Keithley Software does not conform with the published speciﬁcations, Keithley will, at its option, provide either the programming services necessary to correct such nonconformity or develop a program change to bypass such nonconformity in the Keithley Software. Failure to notify Keithley of a nonconformity during the warranty shall relieve Keithley of its obligations and liabilities under this warranty.

Other Software

OEM software that is not produced by Keithley (Other Software) shall not be covered by this warranty, and Keithley shall have no duty or obligation to enforce any OEM's warranties on behalf of the customer.

Other Items

Keithley warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.

Items not Covered under Warranty

This warranty does not apply to fuses, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instructions.

Limitation of Warranty

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modiﬁcation made by Purchaser without Keithley's express written consent, or by misuse of any product or part.

Disclaimer of Warranties

EXCEPT FOR THE EXPRESS WARRANTIES ABOVE KEITHLEY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEITHLEY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE OTHER HARDWARE AND OTHER SOFTWARE.

Limitation of Liability

KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS SHALL IN NO EVENT, REGARDLESS OF CAUSE, ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR OR BE LIABLE FOR: (1) ECONOMICAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES, WHETHER CLAIMED UNDER CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY, (2) LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO THE CUSTOMER'S DATA OR PROGRAMMING, OR (3) PENALTIES OR PENALTY CLAUSES OF ANY DESCRIPTION OR INDEMNIFICATION OF THE CUSTOMER OR OTHERS FOR COSTS, DAMAGES, OR EXPENSES RELATED TO THE GOODS OR SERVICES PROVIDED UNDER THIS WARRANTY.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168

1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) • www.keithley.com

Sales Ofﬁces:BELGIUM: Bergensesteenweg 709 • B-1600 Sint-Pieters-Leeuw • 02-363 00 40 • Fax: 02/363 00 64

CHINA: Yuan Chen Xin Building, Room 705 • 12 Yumin Road, Dewai, Madian • Beijing 100029 • 8610-6202-2886 • Fax: 8610-6202-2892 FINLAND: Tietäjäntie 2 • 02130 Espoo • Phone: 09-54 75 08 10 • Fax: 09-25 10 51 00 FRANCE: 3, allée des Garays • 91127 Palaiseau Cédex • 01-64 53 20 20 • Fax: 01-60 11 77 26 GERMANY: Landsberger Strasse 65 • 82110 Germering • 089/84 93 07-40 • Fax: 089/84 93 07-34 GREAT BRITAIN: Unit 2 Commerce Park, Brunel Road • Theale • Berkshire RG7 4AB • 0118 929 7500 • Fax: 0118 929 7519 INDIA: Flat 2B, Willocrissa • 14, Rest House Crescent • Bangalore 560 001 • 91-80-509-1320/21 • Fax: 91-80-509-1322 ITALY: Viale San Gimignano, 38 • 20146 Milano • 02-48 39 16 01 • Fax: 02-48 30 22 74 JAPAN: New Pier Takeshiba North Tower 13F • 11-1, Kaigan 1-chome • Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0022 • 81-3-5733-7555 • Fax: 81-3-5733-7556 KOREA: 2FL., URI Building • 2-14 Yangjae-Dong • Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137-888 • 82-2-574-7778 • Fax: 82-2-574-7838 NETHERLANDS: Postbus 559 • 4200 AN Gorinchem • 0183-635333 • Fax: 0183-630821 SWEDEN: c/o Regus Business Centre • Frosundaviks Allé 15, 4tr • 169 70 Solna • 08-509 04 679 • Fax: 08-655 26 10 SWITZERLAND: Kriesbachstrasse 4 • 8600 Dübendorf • 01-821 94 44 • Fax: 01-820 30 81 TAIWAN: 1FL., 85 Po Ai Street • Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. • 886-3-572-9077• Fax: 886-3-572-9031

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KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 PCI Bus Data Acquisition Boards

User’s Manual

Windows and WindowsNT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

DriverLINX is a registered trademark of Scientific Software Tools, Inc.

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Third Printing, January 2002

Document Number: 98180 Rev. C

Manual Print History

The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page.

Revision A (Document Number 98180)..........................................................................................November 1999

Revision B (Document Number 98180) ............................................................................................... August 2000

Revision C (Document Number 98180) .............................................................................................. January 2002

All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualiﬁed personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the product. Refer to the manual for complete product speciﬁcations.

If the product is used in a manner not speciﬁed, the protection provided by the product may be impaired.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use

and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is operated within its speciﬁcations and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be

trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product

to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform

safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Installation Category I and Installation Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O signals are Installation Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over-voltages. Installation Category II connections require protection for high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the Manual.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test ﬁxtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect

that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of

the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power disconnect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its speciﬁcations and operating instructions or the safety of the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as deﬁned in the speciﬁcations and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test ﬁxture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against ﬁre hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.

If you are using a test ﬁxture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a lid interlock.

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If or is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans. Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and

all test cables.

To maintain protection from electric shock and ﬁre, replacement components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments ofﬁce for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

Preface

Intended audience................................................................................................................................................... x

What you should learn from this manual ............................................................................................................... x

Viewing the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 documentation online.......................................................................... xi

Conventions used in this manual .......................................................................................................................... xi

Related information.............................................................................................................................................. xii

Where to get help ................................................................................................................................................. xii

1 Overview

Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 1-2

Features ............................................................................................................................................................... 1-2

DriverLINX software.......................................................................................................................................... 1-3

System requirements........................................................................................................................................... 1-4

Software .............................................................................................................................................................. 1-4

Accessories.......................................................................................................................................................... 1-5

2 Functional Description

Analog input features .......................................................................................................................................... 2-2

Analog input resolution............................................................................................................................... 2-3

Analog input channels................................................................................................................................. 2-3

Input ranges and gains................................................................................................................................. 2-5

A/D sample clock sources........................................................................................................................... 2-6

Analog input conversion modes.................................................................................................................. 2-7

Triggers ..................................................................................................................................................... 2-10

Data format and transfer............................................................................................................................ 2-15

Error conditions......................................................................................................................................... 2-15

Analog output features ...................................................................................................................................... 2-16

Analog output resolution........................................................................................................................... 2-16

Analog output channels............................................................................................................................. 2-16

Output filters ............................................................................................................................................. 2-17

Output ranges and gains............................................................................................................................ 2-17

D/A output clock sources.......................................................................................................................... 2-17

Analog output conversion modes.............................................................................................................. 2-19

Data format and transfer............................................................................................................................ 2-20

Error conditions......................................................................................................................................... 2-20

Digital I/O features............................................................................................................................................ 2-21

Digital I/O lines ......................................................................................................................................... 2-21

Digital I/O operation modes ...................................................................................................................... 2-22

Counter/timer features....................................................................................................................................... 2-22

Units .......................................................................................................................................................... 2-22

C/T clock sources ...................................................................................................................................... 2-23

Gate types .................................................................................................................................................. 2-24

Pulse output types and duty cycles............................................................................................................ 2-25

Counter/timer operation modes ................................................................................................................. 2-26

Synchronizing A/D and D/A subsystems.................................................................................................. 2-36

Synchronizing the triggers......................................................................................................................... 2-36

Synchronizing the clocks........................................................................................................................... 2-36

3 Installation and Conﬁguration

Unpacking............................................................................................................................................................ 3-2

Installing the software ......................................................................................................................................... 3-2

Software options.......................................................................................................................................... 3-2

Installing DriverLINX................................................................................................................................. 3-4

Installing application software and drivers.................................................................................................. 3-4

Installing the board.............................................................................................................................................. 3-5

Setting up the computer............................................................................................................................... 3-5

Selecting an expansion slot ......................................................................................................................... 3-5

Inserting the board in the computer............................................................................................................. 3-6

Configuring the board to work with DriverLINX ............................................................................................... 3-7

Checking the combined board and DriverLINX installations..................................................................... 3-7

Attaching the STP-3110 screw terminal panel.................................................................................................... 3-8

Size .............................................................................................................................................................. 3-9

Jumper W1 - common ground sense ........................................................................................................... 3-9

Resistors R1 to R16 - bias return.............................................................................................................. 3-10

Resistors R17 to R32 - current shunt......................................................................................................... 3-10

Screw terminals ......................................................................................................................................... 3-10

Wiring signals.................................................................................................................................................... 3-13

Connecting analog input signals................................................................................................................ 3-13

Connecting analog output signals.............................................................................................................. 3-18

Connecting digital I/O signals................................................................................................................... 3-18

Connecting counter/timer signals.............................................................................................................. 3-19

4 Testing the Board

DriverLINX analog I/O panel ............................................................................................................................. 4-2

5 Calibration

Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-2

Objectives.................................................................................................................................................... 5-2

Calibration summary ................................................................................................................................... 5-2

Equipment.................................................................................................................................................... 5-2

Calibration procedure .......................................................................................................................................... 5-3

Preparing for the calibrations ...................................................................................................................... 5-3

Calibrating the analog inputs....................................................................................................................... 5-3

Calibrating the analog outputs..................................................................................................................... 5-3

6 Troubleshooting

General checklist................................................................................................................................................. 6-2

Using the DriverLINX event viewer................................................................................................................... 6-2

Device initialization error messages ........................................................................................................... 6-2

Problem isolation ................................................................................................................................................ 6-3

Troubleshooting table ......................................................................................................................................... 6-4

Testing the board and host computer .................................................................................................................. 6-5

Testing the accessory slot and I/O connections .................................................................................................. 6-5

Technical support................................................................................................................................................ 6-6

Returning equipment to Keithley........................................................................................................................ 6-7

A Speciﬁcations

Specifications...................................................................................................................................................... A-1

Supported capabilities........................................................................................................................................ A-9

B Connector Pin Assignments

C Systematic Problem Isolation

Problem isolation schemes................................................................................................................................. C-2

Problem isolation Scheme A: basic system ............................................................................................... C-3

Problem isolation Scheme B: installation .................................................................................................. C-5

Problem isolation Scheme C: application software ................................................................................. C-11

Problem isolation Scheme D: expansion slot connectors ........................................................................ C-13

Problem isolation Scheme E: user wiring................................................................................................ C-13

Problem isolation Scheme F: the board ................................................................................................... C-14

Problem isolation Scheme G: verification of problem solution............................................................... C-14

Specified hardware I/O tests ............................................................................................................................ C-15

Analog input hardware test ...................................................................................................................... C-15

Analog output hardware test .................................................................................................................... C-18

General-purpose digital I/O hardware test ............................................................................................... C-21

Specified software I/O tests ............................................................................................................................. C-21

Analog input software test ....................................................................................................................... C-22

Analog output software test ..................................................................................................................... C-23

General-purpose digital I/O software test ................................................................................................ C-26

D Using Your Own Screw Terminal Panel

Analog inputs ..................................................................................................................................................... D-2

Single-ended inputs.................................................................................................................................... D-2

Pseudo-differential inputs .......................................................................................................................... D-2

Differential inputs ...................................................................................................................................... D-3

Analog outputs ................................................................................................................................................... D-3

Digital inputs and counter/timer inputs.............................................................................................................. D-3

Digital outputs.................................................................................................................................................... D-4

iii

List of Illustrations

2 Functional Description

Figure 2-1 Block diagram of the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards.......................................................................... 2-2

Figure 2-2 An example using dynamic digital outputs................................................................................................. 2-5

Figure 2-3 Continuous post-trigger mode without triggered scan.............................................................................. 2-11

Figure 2-4 Continuous post-trigger mode with triggered scan ................................................................................... 2-12

Figure 2-5 Continuous pre-trigger mode .................................................................................................................... 2-13

Figure 2-6 Continuous pre-trigger mode with triggered scan..................................................................................... 2-13

Figure 2-7 Continuous about-trigger mode ................................................................................................................ 2-14

Figure 2-8 Continuous about-trigger mode with triggered scan................................................................................. 2-14

Figure 2-9 Counter/timer channel............................................................................................................................... 2-23

Figure 2-10 Example of a low-to-high pulse output type............................................................................................. 2-26

Figure 2-11 Connecting event counting signals (shown for Clock Input 0 and External Gate 0)................................ 2-27

Figure 2-12 Example of event counting ....................................................................................................................... 2-27

Figure 2-13 Connecting frequency measurement signals without an external gate input

(shown for Clock Input 0) .................................................................................................................. 2-28

Figure 2-14 Connecting frequency measurement signals (shown for Clock Input 0 and External Gate 0) ................. 2-29

Figure 2-15 Example of frequency measurement ........................................................................................................ 2-30

Figure 2-16 Connecting rate generation signals (shown for Counter Output 0; a software gate is used) .................... 2-31

Figure 2-17 Example of rate generation mode with a 75% duty cycle......................................................................... 2-31

Figure 2-18 Example of rate generation mode with a 25% duty cycle......................................................................... 2-32

Figure 2-19 Connecting one-shot signals (shown for Counter Output 0 and Gate 0) .................................................. 2-33

Figure 2-20 Example of one-shot mode using a 99.99% duty cycle............................................................................ 2-33

Figure 2-21 Example of one-shot mode using a 50% duty cycle................................................................................. 2-34

Figure 2-22 Example of repetitive one-shot mode using a 99.99% duty cycle............................................................ 2-35

Figure 2-23 Example of repetitive one-shot mode using a 50% duty cycle................................................................. 2-35

3 Installation and Conﬁguration

Figure 3-1 Inserting a KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board in the computer .................................................................... 3-6

Figure 3-2 Attaching the STP-3110 screw terminal panel to the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board ............................ 3-8

Figure 3-3 Layout of the STP-3110 screw terminal panel............................................................................................ 3-8

Figure 3-4 Removal of Jumper W1 for remote ground sensing ................................................................................... 3-9

Figure 3-5 Connecting single-ended voltage inputs (shown for Channels 0, 1, and 8).............................................. 3-14

Figure 3-6 Connecting pseudo-differential voltage inputs (shown for Channels 0, 1, and 8).................................... 3-15

Figure 3-7 Connecting differential voltage inputs (shown for Channel 0)................................................................. 3-16

Figure 3-8 Connecting differential voltage inputs from a grounded signal source (shown for Channel 0) ............... 3-17

Figure 3-9 Connecting current inputs to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (shown for Channel 0)....................... 3-17

Figure 3-10 Connecting analog output voltages to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (shown for Channel 0) ........ 3-18

Figure 3-11 Connecting digital inputs to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (Lines 0 and 1, Bank A shown).......... 3-18

Figure 3-12 Connecting digital outputs to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (Line 0, Bank B shown) ................... 3-19

Figure 3-13 Connecting event counting applications to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel

(shown for Clock Input 0 and External Gate 0)...................................................................................3-20

Figure 3-14 Connecting event counting applications to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel without an

external gate input (shown for Clock Input 0) .................................................................................... 3-21

Figure 3-15 Cascading counters (shown for event counting using Counters 0 and 1 and External Gate 0)................. 3-22

Figure 3-16 Connecting frequency measurement applications to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel

(shown for Clock Input 0 and External Gate 0).................................................................................. 3-23

Figure 3-17 Connecting pulse output applications to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel

(shown for Counter Output 0 and Gate 0) .......................................................................................... 3-24

Figure 3-18 Cascading counters (shown for rate generation using Counters 0 and 1 and External Gate 0) ................ 3-25

Figure 3-19 Cascading counters (shown for one-shot using Counters 0 and 1 and External Gate 1)........................... 3-25

List of Tables

1 Overview

Table 1-1 Differences among KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards............................................................................. 1-2

Table 1-2 System requirements................................................................................................................................... 1-4

2 Functional Description

Table 2-1 Gains and effective ranges.......................................................................................................................... 2-5

Table 2-2 External C/T clock signals........................................................................................................................ 2-24

Table 2-3 Gate input signals...................................................................................................................................... 2-25

Table 2-4 Pulse output signals................................................................................................................................... 2-25

3 Installation and Conﬁguration

Table 3-1 Screw terminal assignments for connector J1on the STP-3110 screw terminal panel ............................. 3-11

Table 3-2 Screw terminal assignments for connector J2 on the STP-3110 screw terminal panel ............................ 3-12

6 Troubleshooting

Table 6-1 Troubleshooting problems .......................................................................................................................... 6-4

A Speciﬁcations

Table A-1 A/D subsystem specifications .................................................................................................................... A-2

Table A-2 D/A subsystem specifications .................................................................................................................... A-5

Table A-3 DIN/DOUT subsystem specifications........................................................................................................ A-6

Table A-4 C/T subsystem specifications..................................................................................................................... A-7

Table A-5 Power, physical, and environmental specifications ................................................................................... A-8

Table A-6 Connector specifications............................................................................................................................ A-8

Table A-7 KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 supported options ......................................................................................... A-9

B Connector Pin Assignments

Table B-1 Connector J1 pin assignments on the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards................................................ B-2

Table B-2 Connector J2 pin assignments on the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards................................................ B-3

Table B-3 Pin assignments for connector J1 on the STP-3110................................................................................... B-4

Table B-4 Screw terminal assignments for connector J2 on the STP-3110 screw terminal panel ............................. B-5

vii

C Systematic Problem Isolation

Table C-1 Wiring for analog input hardware test using an STP-3110 screw terminal accessory

connected to the analog I/O connections ........................................................................................... C-16

Table C-2 Terminals on STP-3110 screw terminal accessory to which DVM/DMM will be

connected during analog output hardware test................................................................................... C-18

Table C-3 Test connections and correct readings for zero-voltage analog output,

using an STP-3110 screw terminal accessory connected to J1.......................................................... C-20

Table C-4 Test connections and correct readings for mid-range analog output, using an STP-3110 screw

terminal accessory connected to the J1 connector ............................................................................. C-20

Table C-5 Wiring for analog input hardware test using an STP-3110 screw terminal accessory

connected to the Analog I/O connections ........................................................................................... C-22

Table C-6 Terminals on STP-3110 screw terminal accessory to which DVM/DMM will be

connected during analog output hardware test................................................................................... C-24

Table C-7 Test connections and correct readings for zero-voltage analog output, using an

STP-3110 screw terminal accessory connected to J1 ........................................................................ C-25

Table C-8 Test connections and correct readings for mid-range analog output, using an

STP-3110 screw terminal accessory connected to the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board.................. C-25

viii

Preface

•

x Preface KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

This manual describes the features of the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards, the capabilities of the DriverLINX software, and how to conﬁgure the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 board using DriverLINX. Troubleshooting and calibration information is also provided.

Intended audience

This document is intended for engineers, scientists, technicians, or others responsible for using and/or programming the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards for data acquisition operations in Microsoft Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows NT. It is assumed that you have some familiarity with data acquisition principles and that you understand your application.

NOTE

This manual focuses primarily on describing the KPCI-3110 boards and their capabilities, setting up the boards and their associated software, making typical hookups, and troubleshooting. There are also sections that discuss calibration and summarize characteristics of DriverLINX test-panel software.

Unless noted otherwise, this manual refers to both models collectively as KPCI-3110.

What you should learn from this manual

This manual provides detailed information about the features of the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards and the capabilities of the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 Device Driver.

Section 1 describes the major features of the board, as well as the supported software and

accessories for the board.

Section 2 describes all of the board’s features and how to use them in your application.

Section 3 describes how to install DriverLINX software, install the KPCI-3110 boards, wire

accessories, and conﬁgure the software to work with the boards.

Section 4 describes the use of the DriverLINX Analog I/O Panel for testing board functions.

Section 5 describes how to calibrate the analog I/O circuitry of the board.

Section 6 provides information that you can use to resolve problems with the board, com-

puter, or DriverLINX should they occur.

Appendix A lists the speciﬁcations of the board and data acquisition subsystems and the

associated features accessible using DriverLINX for the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards.

Appendix B shows the pin assignments for the connectors on the board and for the STP300

screw termination panel.

Appendix C describes how to systematically isolate problems with the board, computer, soft-

ware, and programming.

Appendix D provides information on special considerations when using your own screw ter-

minal panel.

An index completes this manual.

•

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Preface xi

Viewing the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 documentation online

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Conventions used in this manual

The following conventions are used in this manual:

Notes provide useful information or information that requires special emphasis, cautions provide information to help you avoid losing data or damaging your equipment, and warnings provide information to help you avoid catastrophic damage to yourself or your equipment.

Items that you select or type are shown in bold .

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xii Preface KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Related information

Refer to the following documents for more information on using the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards:

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 Read This First . This “Quick Start Guide” describes how to

install the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards and related software.

DriverLINX Installation and Conﬁguration

DriverLINX Appendix: Using DriverLINX with your Hardware: Keithley KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 installation information)

DriverLINX Technical Reference Manual

DriverLINX Analog I/O Programming Guide

DriverLINX Digital I/O Programming Guide

DriverLINX Counter/Timer Programming Guide

PCI Speciﬁcation: PCI Local Bus Speciﬁcation, PCI Special Interest Group, Portland, OR.

Microsoft Windows 3.x, Windows 95, Windows 98, and/or Windows NT user manuals.

Other manuals appropriate to your installation.

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Where to get help

Should you run into problems installing or using a KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 board, our Technical Support Department is available to provide technical assistance. Refer to Section 6 for more information. If you are outside the U.S. or Canada, call your local distributor, whose number is listed in your Keithley product catalog.

Overview

1-2 Overview KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Introduction

This manual is provided for persons needing to understand the installation, interface requirements, functions, and operation of the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards. These board types differ in analog I/O resolution, throughput, and D/A ﬁlters as shown in Table 1-1.

Features

NOTE

The KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards are high-speed, multifunction board types for the PCI bus. These board types differ in analog I/O resolution, throughput, and D/A ﬁlters as shown in

Table 1-1.

Table 1-1

Differences among KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards

Board Type

KPCI-3110 12 bits 4 kSample 1.25 MSamples/s 200 kSamples/s -

KPCI-3116 16 bits 4 kSample 250 kSamples/s 100 kSamples/s 0 and 20kHz

All KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards share the following major features:

Unless noted otherwise, this manual refers to both models collectively as KPCI-3110.

Analog I/O Resolution

Output FIFO Size

A/D Throughput (Single Channel)

D/A Throughput (Full Scale) D/A Filters

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32 Single-ended or pseudo-differential analog input channels (refer to), or 16 differential analog input channels.

•

Programmable bipolar (±10V) and unipolar (0 to 10V) input ranges with gains of 1, 2, 4, and 8.

•

Continuously-paced and triggered scan capability.

•

A 1024-location channel-gain list that supports sampling analog input channels at the same or different gains in sequential or random order.

•

Up to 256 scans per trigger for a total of 262,144 samples per trigger.

•

PCI bus mastering for data transfers.

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Pre-, post-, and about-trigger acquisition modes to acquire data relative to an external event using computer memory.

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Internal and external clock sources; one external clock input for the analog input subsystem and one external clock input for the analog output subsystem.

•

Analog threshold triggering using either an external analog input or one of the analog input channels; a separate DAC sets the trigger level (8-bit resolution, ﬁxed hysteresis).

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Digital TTL triggering; one external hardware TTL input for the analog input subsystem and one external hardware TTL input for the analog output subsystem.

• Two analog output channels with a ±10V output range.

• Simultaneous analog input and analog output operations running at full speed.

• Software calibration of the analog input and output subsystems.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Overview 1-3

• Two 8-bit digital ports programmable as inputs or outputs on a per-port basis; digital inputs

can be included as part of the analog input channel-gain list to correlate the timing of analog and digital events; digital outputs can drive external solid-state relays.

• Two dynamic, high-speed digital output lines; useful for synchronizing and controlling

external equipment, these dynamic digital output lines are programmable as part of the analog input subsystem.

• Four user counter/timers programmable for event counting, frequency measurement, rate

generation (continuous pulse output), one-shot pulse output, and repetitive one-shot pulse output.

• Programmable gate types.

• Programmable pulse output polarities (output types) and duty cycles.

• A/D Sample Clock Output and A/D Trigger Output signals, useful for synchronizing and

controlling external equipment.

DriverLINX software

The following software is available for use with the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board:

• KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 standard software package — Shipped with KPCI-3110 and

KPCI-3116 boards. Includes DriverLINX for Microsoft Windows and function libraries for writing application programs under Windows in a high-level language such as C/C++, Visual Basic, Delphi, and Test Point; LabVIEW support ﬁles; utility programs; and languagespeciﬁc example programs.

• DriverLINX — the high-performance real-time data-acquisition device drivers for Windows

application development includes:

• DriverLINX API DLLs and drivers supporting the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 hardware.

• Analog I/O Test Panel — A DriverLINX program that veriﬁes the operation of your

KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board and demonstrates several virtual bench-top instruments.

• Learn DriverLINX — an interactive learning and demonstration program for DriverLINX

that includes a Digital Storage Oscilloscope.

• Source Code — for the sample programs.

• DriverLINX Application Programming Interface ﬁles — for the KPCI-3110 or

KPCI-3116 interfaces.

• DriverLINX Calibration Utility — used to calibrate the ADC and DAC functions of the

KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board.

• DriverLINX On-line Help System — provides immediate help as you operate

DriverLINX.

• Supplemental Documentation — on DriverLINX installation and conﬁguration; analog

and digital I/O programming; counter/timer programming; technical reference; and information speciﬁc to the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 hardware.

1-4 Overview KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

System requirements

The system capabilities required to run the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board, and to use the DriverLINX software supplied with the board, are listed in Table 1-2.

Table 1-2

System requirements

CPU Type

Operating system

Memory

Hard disk space

Other

* Any CD-ROM drive that came installed with the required computer should be satisfactory. However, if you have

post-installed an older CD-ROM drive or arrived at your present system by updating the microprocessor or replacing the motherboard, some early CD-ROM drives may not support the long ﬁle names often used in 32-bit Windows ﬁles.

Pentium or higher processor on motherboard with PCI bus version 2.1

Windows 95 or 98

Windows NT version 4.0 or higher

16MB or greater RAM when running Windows 95 or 98

32MB or greater RAM when running Windows NT

4MB for minimum installation

50MB for maximum installation

A CD-ROM drive*

A free PCI-bus expansion slot capable of bus mastering

Enough reserve computer power supply capacity to power the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board, which draws 1.5A at 5VDC and 0.12A at +12VDC.

Software

The user can select a fully integrated data acquisition software package such as TestPoint or LabVIEW or write a custom program supported by DriverLINX.

DriverLINX is the basic Application Programming Interface (API) for the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards:

• It supports programmers who wish to create custom applications using Visual C/C++, Visual

Basic, or Delphi.

• It accomplishes foreground and background tasks to perform data acquisition.

• It is the needed interface between TestPoint and LabVIEW and a KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116

board.

DriverLINX software and user’s documentation on a CD-ROM are included with your board.

TestPoint is an optional, fully featured, integrated application package with a graphical dragand-drop interface which can be used to create data acquisition applications without programming.

LabVIEW is an optional, fully featured graphical programming language used to create virtual instrumentation.

Refer to Section 3, “Installation and Conﬁguration,” for more information about DriverLINX, TestPoint, and LabView.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Overview 1-5

Accessories

The following optional accessories are available for KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards:

• STP-3110 screw terminal panel — Screw terminal panel with two connectors to accommo-

date the analog I/O, digital I/O, and counter/timer signals provided by the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards.

• CAB-307 cable — A 1-meter, twisted-pair, shielded cable that connects the 50-pin analog

I/O connector (J1) on the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board to the J1 connector on the STP-3110 screw terminal panel.

• CAB-308 cable — A 1-meter, twisted-pair, shielded cable that connects the 68-pin digital

I/O connector (J2) on the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board to the J2 connector on the STP-3110 screw terminal panel.

Functional Description

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2-2 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

This section describes the analog input, analog output, digital I/O, counter/timer, and synchronous features of the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards. To frame the discussions, refer to the block diagram shown in Figure 2-1. Note that bold entries indicate signals you can access.

Figure 2-1

Block diagram of the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards

Ext A/D Clock

Ext A/D TTL Trig

Ext D/A Clock

Ext D/A TTL Trig

Analog Trigger

20MHz Clock

Ext Analog Trigger

Analog In

Ch. Sel

Gain Sel

A/D Clk DIO Ports

Input Sel

Trigger/Clock Logic

A/D Counter, 24-bits

D/A Counter 24-bit

TScan Counter 24-bit

32 Channel Mux

Gain Amp (1, 2, 4, 8)

12- or 16-bit ADC**

Tristate Buffers

1 kSample Input FIFO

A/D Trig

A/D Clk

D/A Clk

MUX

Analog Trigger

PCI Bus Interface

8-bit DAC

Compare

A/D Trig A/D Clk

1 K Entry CGL FIFO

Output FIFO*

D/A Clk

4 User

20MHz Clk

Counter/ Timers, 16-bit ea.

Buffer

CGL Reg. Channel Parameter Reg.

Output FIFO Counter

12- or 16bit DAC**

Bidirectional 8-bit Latch

A/D Trig Out A/D Clk Out

Ch. Sel Gain Sel Input Sel

Analog Out 1

Analog Out 0

DIO Bank B [7:0]

DIO Bank A [7:0]

User Clk [3:0]

User Gate [3:0]

User Out [3:0]

Analog input features

This section describes the features of the analog input (A/D) subsystem, including the following:

Analog input resolution Analog input channels Input ranges and gains A/D sample clock sources Analog input conversion modes Trigger sources and trigger acquisition modes Data formats and transfer Error conditions

PCI Bus

*The KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 have a 4 kSample Output FIFO; **Only the KPCI-3116 has a 16-bit ADC and 16-bit DACs.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-3

Analog input resolution

The KPCI-3110 board has a ﬁxed analog input resolution of 12 bits. The KPCI-3116 board has a ﬁxed resolution of 16 bits. The analog input resolution cannot be changed in software.

Analog input channels

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards support 32 single-ended or pseudo-differential analog input channels, or 16 differential analog input channels. Refer to Section 3 for a description of how to wire these signals. You conﬁgure the channel type through DriverLINX software.

NOTE

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards can acquire data from a single analog input channel or from a group of analog input channels. Channels are numbered 0 to 31 for single-ended and pseudodifferential inputs, and 0 to 15 for differential inputs. Refer to “Using DriverLINX with your hardware: Keithley KPCI-3100 Series” for details of how to specify the channels.

For pseudo-differential inputs, specify single-ended in software; in this case, how you wire these signals determines the conﬁguration.(Refer to

Section 3 , “ Connecting pseudo-differential voltage inputs .” )

2-4 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Specifying digital input lines in the analog input channel list

In addition to the analog input channels, you can read the two digital I/O channels (16 lines) of the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards using the analog input channel list. This feature is particularly useful when you want to correlate the timing of analog and digital events.

To read these two digital I/O channels, specify channel 0 in the DriverLINX analog input channel list. Specify the special code (2

) in the gain ﬁeld to indicate that channel 0 is a 16 bit digital channel. See “Analog Input Termination Modes” in “Using DriverLINX with Your Hardware.” The hardware-speciﬁc gain code is provided in the DriverLINX channel gain list. You can enter channel 0 anywhere in the list and can enter it more than once, if desired. Refer to the DriverLINX Analog I/O Programming Guide provided with DriverLINX.

NOTE

If channel 0 is programmed with digital capabilities and is the only channel in the channel-gain list, the board can read this channel at a rate of 3 MSamples/s. Refer to the Using DriverLINX with your Hard-

ware:Keithley KPCI-3100 manual provided with DriverLINX .

This channel is treated like any other channel in the analog input channel list; therefore, all the clocking, triggering, and conversion modes supported for analog input channels are supported for these digital I/O lines, if you specify them in this manner.

Performing dynamic digital output operations

Using DriverLINX software, you can enable a synchronous dynamic digital output operation for the A/D subsystem. This feature is particularly useful for synchronizing and controlling external equipment.

Two dynamic digital output lines are provided: 0 and 1. These lines are set to a value of 0 on power up; a reset does not affect the values of the dynamic digital output lines. Note that these lines are provided in addition to the other 16 digital I/O lines. See page 2-21 for more information on the digital I/O features.

To read these two digital I/O lines, specify channel 0 in the DriverLINX analog input channel list. Specify its digital capabilities in the Digital Capabilities groups of the Logical Device Descriptor (channel, channel characteristics, and timing and start/stop trigger events). The hardware-speciﬁc gain code is provided in the DriverLINX channel gain list. You can enter channel 0 anywhere in the list and can enter it more than once, if desired. Refer to the Using

DriverLINX with your Hardware: Keithley KPCI-3100 manual provided with DriverLINX.

NOTE

ware: Keithley KPCI-3100 manual provided with DriverLINX .

For KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards, you can specify the following values for the dynamic digital output lines: 0 (00 in binary format), 1 (01 in binary format), 2 (10 in binary format), or 3 (11 in binary format). Each bit in binary format corresponds to the value to write to the dynamic digital output line. For example, a value of 1 (01 in binary format) means that a value of 1 is output to dynamic digital output line 0 and value of 0 is output to dynamic output line 1. Similarly, a value of 2 (10 in binary format) means that a value of 0 is output to dynamic digital output line 0 and value of 1 is output to dynamic output line 1.

For example, assume that the analog input channel list contains channels 5, 6, 7, 8; that dynamic digital output operations are enabled; and that the values to write to the dynamic digital output lines are 2, 0, 1, 3. Figure 2-2 shows this conﬁguration.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-5

Figure 2-2

An example using dynamic digital outputs

Channel List

As analog input channel 5 is read, 1 is output to dynamic digital output line 1, and 0 is output to dynamic output line 0 (since 2 in binary format is 10). As analog input channel 6 is read, 0 is output to both dynamic digital output lines. As analog input channel 7 is read, 0 is output to dynamic digital output line 1, and 1 is output to dynamic output line 0 (since 1 in binary format is 01). As analog input channel 8 is read, 1 is written to both dynamic digital output lines.

NOTE

Input ranges and gains

Dynamic Digital

Values

Dynamic Digital Outputs Line 1 Line 0

Expansion accessories use some of the dynamic digital output signals. Therefore, you cannot use this feature and an expansion channel in the same task.

Each channel on the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board can measure unipolar and bipolar analog input signals. A unipolar signal is always positive (0 to 10V on KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards), while a bipolar signal extends between the negative and positive peak values (±10V on KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards).

Through DriverLINX software, specify the range as 0 to 10V for unipolar signals or − 10V to +10V for bipolar signals. Note that the range applies to the entire analog input subsystem, not to a speciﬁc channel.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards also provide gains 1, 2, 4, and 8, which are programmable per channel. Table 2-1 lists the effective ranges supported by KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards using these gains.

Table 2-1

Gains and effective ranges

Gain Unipolar Analog Input Range Bipolar Analog Input Range

1 0 to 10V ±10V 2 0 to 5V ±5V 4 0 to 2.5V ±2.5V 8 0 to 1.25V ±1.25V

For each channel, choose the gain that has the smallest effective range that includes the signal you want to measure. For example, if the range of your analog input signal is ±1.5V, specify a range of − 10V to +10V for the board and use a gain of 4 for the channel; the effective input range for this channel is then ±2.5V, which provides the best sampling accuracy for that channel.

The way you specify gain depends on how you speciﬁed the channels, as described in the following subsections.

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2-6 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Specifying the gain for a single channel

The simplest way to specify gain for a single channel is to specify the gain for a single value analog input operation using software. Refer to page 2-7 for more information on single value operations.

You can also specify the gain for a single channel using an analog input gain list as described in the next section.

Specifying the gain for one or more channels

On the KPCI-3110 Series, you can specify the gain for one or more analog input channels using an analog input gain list. Using software, set up the gain list by specifying the gain for each entry in the analog input channel-gain list. The gain list parallels the channel list. (The two lists together are often referred to as the channel-gain list.)

For example, assume the analog input channel list contains three entries: channels 5, 6, and 7; the gain list might look like this: 2, 4, 1, where a gain of 2 corresponds to channel 5, a gain of 4 corresponds to channel 6, and a gain of 1 corresponds to channel 7.

A/D sample clock sources

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards provide two clock sources for pacing analog input operations in continuous mode:

An internal A/D sample clock that uses the 24-bit A/D counter on the board An external A/D sample clock that you can connect to the screw terminal panel

The A/D sample clock paces the acquisition of each channel in the channel-gain list. This clock is also called the A/D pacer clock.

NOTE

The following subsections describe the internal and external A/D sample clocks in more detail.

If you specify Digital Capabilities for channel 0 in the channel-gain list, the A/D sample clock (internal or external) also paces the acquisition of the 16 digital input lines. Refer to the DriverLINX Analog I/O Program-

ming Guide provided with DriverLINX.

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KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-7

Internal A/D sample clock

The internal A/D sample clock uses a 20MHz time base. Conversions start on the falling edge of the counter output; the output pulse is active low.

Using software, specify the clock source as internal and the clock frequency at which to pace the operation. The minimum frequency supported is 1.2Hz (1.2 Samples/s). For the KPCI-3110 boards, the maximum frequency supported is 1.25MHz (1.25 MSamples/s). For the KPCI-3116 board, the maximum frequency supported is 250kHz (250 kSamples/s).

According to sampling theory (Nyquist Theorem), specify a frequency that is at least twice as fast as the input’s highest frequency component. For example, to accurately sample a 20kHz signal, specify a sampling frequency of at least 40kHz. Doing so avoids an error condition called

aliasing , in which high frequency input components erroneously appear as lower frequencies

after sampling.

NOTE

You can access the output signal from the A/D sample clock using screw terminal 79 on the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (pin 4 on connector J2).

External A/D sample clock

The external A/D sample clock is useful when you want to pace acquisitions at rates not available with the internal A/D sample clock or when you want to pace at uneven intervals.

Connect an external A/D sample clock to screw terminal 76 on the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (pin 7 on connector J2). Conversions start on the falling edge of the external A/D sample clock input signal.

Using DriverLINX, specify the clock source as external (refer to DriverLINX Analog I/O Pro-

gramming Guide furnished with DriverLINX). For KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards, the

clock frequency is always equal to the frequency of the external A/D sample clock input signal that you connect to the board through the screw terminal panel.

Analog input conversion modes

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards support the following conversion modes:

Single value polled operations are the simplest to use but offer the least ﬂexibility and efﬁ-

ciency. Use software to specify the range, gain, and analog input channel (among other parameters); acquire the data from that channel; and convert the result. The data is returned immediately. For a single value operation, you cannot specify a clock source, trigger source, trigger acquisition mode, scan mode, or buffer.

Single value operations stop automatically when ﬁnished; you cannot stop a single value operation.

Scan mode takes full advantage of the capabilities of the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116

boards. In a scan, you can specify a channel-gain list, clock source, trigger source, trigger acquisition mode, buffering, and timing. Refer to “Using DriverLINX with Your Hardware: KPCI-3100 Series” for details on specifying these parameters.

Using DriverLINX software, you can stop a scan when the hardware ﬁlls the host buffer you speciﬁed or when your application issues a stop command.

2-8 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Continuously-paced scan mode (rate generation: internal clock)

Use continuously-paced scan mode if you want to accurately control the period between conversions of individual channels in a scan.

When it detects an initial trigger, the board cycles through the channel-gain list, acquiring and converting the value for each entry in the channel list. This process is deﬁned as the scan. The board then wraps to the start of the channel-gain list and repeats the process continuously until either the speciﬁed samples are taken or you stop the operation. Refer to page 2-15 for more information on buffers.

The conversion rate is determined by the frequency of the A/D sample clock. Refer to page 2-6 for more information on the A/D sample clock. The sample rate, which is the rate at which a single entry in the channel-gain list is sampled, is determined by the frequency of the A/D sample clock divided by the number of entries in the channel-gain list.

NOTE

An A/D Trigger Out signal is provided for your use. This signal is high when the A/D subsystem is waiting for a trigger and low when a trigger occurs. In continuously-paced scan mode, this signal goes low when the trigger occurs and stays low until you stop the operation.

Triggered scan mode

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards support two triggered scan (burst) modes: internally-clocked and externally-clocked. These modes are described in the following subsections.

Internally-retriggered scan mode (internal clock: burst mode)

Use internally-retriggered scan mode if you want to accurately control both the period between conversions of individual channels in a scan and the period between each scan. This mode is useful when synchronizing or controlling external equipment, or when acquiring a buffer of data on each trigger or retrigger. Using this mode, you can acquire up to 262,144 samples per trigger (256 times per trigger x 1024-location channel-gain list).

When it detects an initial trigger, the board scans the channel-gain list a speciﬁed number of times (up to 256), then waits for an internal retrigger to occur. When the board detects an internal retrigger, the board scans the channel-gain list the speciﬁed number of times, then waits for another internal retrigger to occur. The process repeats continuously until either the speciﬁed samples are taken or you stop the operation.

The sample rate is determined by the frequency of the A/D sample clock divided by the number of entries in the channel-gain list. Refer to page 2-6 for more information on the A/D sample clock. The conversion rate of each scan is determined by the frequency of the internal retrigger clock. The internal retrigger clock is the Triggered Scan Counter, a 24-bit counter with a 20MHz clock located on the board.

Using DriverLINX software, specify the frequency of the internal retrigger clock. The minimum retrigger frequency is 1.2Hz. For KPCI-3110 boards, the maximum retrigger frequency is

357.14kHz (357.14 kSamples/s); for KPCI-3116 boards, the maximum retrigger frequency is

166.67kHz (166.666 kSamples/s).

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KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-9

Specify the retrigger frequency as follows:

No. of CGL entries No. of CGLs per trigger×

Min. Retrigger Period



----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2µs+



A/D sample clock frequency

Max. Retrigger

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------= Frequency Min. Retrigger Period

For example, if you are using 512 channels in the channel-gain list (CGL), scanning the channelgain list 256 times every trigger or retrigger, and using an A/D sample clock with a frequency of 1MHz, set the maximum retrigger frequency to 7.62Hz, since:

7.62Hz

--------------------------------------------------=



-----------------------------2µs+



512 256×()

MHz

To select internally-retriggered scan mode, use software to specify the following parameters:

The dataﬂow as continuous, continuous pre-trigger, or continuous about-trigger. Triggered scan mode usage as enabled. The retrigger mode as internal. The number of times to scan per trigger or retrigger (also called the multiscan count). The frequency of the retrigger clock.

The initial trigger source depends on the trigger acquisition mode selected. Refer to page 2-10 for more information on the supported trigger acquisition modes and trigger sources.

NOTE

An A/D Trigger Out signal is provided for your use. This signal is high when the A/D subsystem is waiting for a trigger and low when a trigger occurs. In internally-retriggered scan mode, this signal stays low until the desired number of samples have been acquired, then goes high until the internal retrigger is generated.

Externally-retriggered scan mode (external clock: burst mode)

Use externally-retriggered scan mode if you want to accurately control the period between conversions of individual channels and retrigger the scan based on an external event. Like internally-retriggered scan mode, this mode allows you to acquire 262,144 samples per trigger (256 times per trigger x 1024-location channel-gain list).

NOTE

Use externally-retriggered scan mode with continuous post-trigger acquisitions only. Refer to page 2-11 for more information on post-trig- ger acquisitions.

When a KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board detects an initial trigger (post-trigger source only), the board scans the channel-gain list up to 256 times, then waits for an external retrigger to occur. Specify any supported post-trigger source as the initial trigger. For the retrigger, specify either an external digital (TTL) trigger or an external analog threshold trigger.

When the retrigger occurs, the board scans the channel-gain list the speciﬁed number of times, then waits for another external retrigger to occur. The process repeats continuously until either the allocated buffers are ﬁlled or you stop the operation. Refer to page 2-15 for more information on buffers.

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2-10 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

The conversion rate of each channel is determined by the frequency of the A/D sample clock. Refer to page 2-6 for more information on the A/D sample clock. The conversion rate of each scan is determined by the period between external retriggers; therefore, it cannot be accurately controlled. The board ignores external triggers that occur while it is acquiring data. Only external retrigger events that occur when the board is waiting for a retrigger are detected and acted on.

To select externally-retriggered scan mode, use software to specify the following parameters:

The dataﬂow as continuous (post-trigger). Triggered scan mode as enabled. The retrigger mode as an external retrigger. The number of times to scan per trigger or retrigger (also called the multiscan count). The retrigger source as the external digital (TTL) trigger or an external analog threshold

trigger.

Triggers

A trigger is an event that occurs based on a speciﬁed set of conditions. KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards support a number of trigger sources and trigger acquisition modes, described in the following subsections.

Trigger sources

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards support the following trigger sources:

Software trigger External digital (TTL) trigger Analog threshold trigger

This subsection describes these trigger sources in more detail.

Software trigger

A software trigger event occurs when you start the analog input operation (the computer issues a write to the board to begin conversions). Specify the software trigger source in software.

External digital (TTL) trigger

For analog input operations, an external digital trigger event occurs when the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board detects either a rising or falling edge on the external A/D TTL trigger input signal connected to screw terminal 77 on the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (pin 6 of connector J2). The trigger signal is TTL-compatible.

Using software, specify the trigger source as a rising-edge external digital trigger or a fallingedge external digital trigger.

Analog threshold trigger

For analog input operations, an analog trigger event occurs when the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 detects a transition from above a threshold level to below a threshold level (falling edge), or a transition from below a threshold level to above a threshold level (rising edge). The following analog threshold trigger sources are available:

External Analog Trigger input signal is connected to screw terminal TB107 (Analog

Trigger) on the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (pin 34 on connector J2). Using software,

•

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-11

perform the following steps to conﬁgure a scan triggered by an external analog trigger input signal:

1. Specify the trigger source as either a rising-edge or falling-edge analog threshold trigger.

2. Specify channel 0 as the trigger channel. To distinguish this channel from analog input channel 0, set the special gain code of &H8000 to indicate the use of the dedicated Analog Trigger line.

When channel 0 is scanned, the analog trigger signal at TB107 is detected to start the acquisition process.

One of the analog input channels after gain is applied (also called the output of the pro-

grammable gain ampliﬁer (PGA). Using software, specify the trigger source as either a positive threshold trigger or negative threshold trigger.

Using DriverLINX software, specify the analog input channel used as the analog threshold trigger as the ﬁrst channel in the channel list; refer to page 2-3 for more information.

On KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards, the threshold level is set using a dedicated 8-bit DAC; the hysteresis is ﬁxed at 50mV. Using software, program the threshold level by writing a voltage value to this DAC; this value can range from − 10V to +10V.

•

NOTE

If you are using an analog threshold trigger to trigger both the A/D and the D/A subsystems, ensure that you use the same analog trigger type for both subsystems (either external or one of the analog input channels).

Trigger acquisition modes

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards can acquire data in post-trigger mode, pre-trigger mode, or about-trigger mode. These trigger acquisition modes are described in more detail in the following subsections.

Post-trigger acquisition

Use post-trigger acquisition mode (continuous mode) when you want to acquire data when a post-trigger or retrigger, if using triggered scan mode, occurs.

Using DriverLINX software, specify the following parameters:

The dataﬂow as continuous. The trigger source to start the post-trigger acquisition (the post-trigger source) as any of the supported trigger sources.

Refer to page 2-7 for more information on the supported conversion modes. Refer to page 2-10 for information on the supported trigger sources.

Post-trigger acquisition starts when the board detects the post-trigger event and stops when the speciﬁed number of post-trigger samples has been acquired, or when you stop the operation.

If you are using triggered scan mode, the board continues to acquire post-trigger data using the speciﬁed retrigger source to clock the operation. Refer to page 2-8 for more information on triggered scan mode.

Figure 2-3 illustrates continuous post-trigger mode using a channel-gain list with three entries:

channel 0, channel 1, and channel 2. Triggered scan mode is disabled. In this example, post-trigger analog input data is acquired on each clock pulse of the A/D sample clock. The board wraps to the beginning of the channel-gain list and repeats continuously (continuously-paced scan mode).

Figure 2-3

Continuous post-trigger mode without triggered scan

Chan 0

Chan 1

A/D Sample

Post-trigger Event Occurs

Chan 2

Chan 0

Chan 1

Chan 2

Chan 0

Post-trigger Data Acquired Continuously

Chan 2

Chan 1

Chan 0

Chan 2

Chan 1

2-12 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Figure 2-4 illustrates the same example using triggered scan mode (either internally- or exter-

nally-retriggered). The multiscan count is 2 indicating that the channel-gain list will be scanned twice per trigger or retrigger. In this example, post-trigger analog input data is acquired on each clock pulse of the A/D sample clock until the channel-gain list has been scanned twice; then, the board waits for the retrigger event. When the retrigger event occurs, the board scans the channelgain list twice more, acquiring data on each pulse of the A/D sample clock. The process repeats continuously with every speciﬁed retrigger event.

Figure 2-4

Continuous post-trigger mode with triggered scan

Chan 0

A/D Sample

Post-trigger event occurs; post-trigger data acquired for two scans of the CGL.

Chan 2

Chan 1

Chan 0

Board waits for retrigger event.

Chan 2

Chan 1

Chan 2

Chan 0

Chan 1

Retrigger event occurs; post-trigger data acquired for two scans of the CGL.

Chan 0

Chan 2

Chan 1

Pre-trigger Acquisition

Use pre-trigger acquisition mode (continuous pre-trigger mode) when you want to acquire data before a speciﬁc external event occurs.

Using software, specify the following parameters:

• The dataﬂow as continuous pre-trigger

• The pre-trigger source as the software trigger

• The post-trigger source as the external digital (TTL) trigger or the external analog threshold

trigger

• If you are using triggered scan mode, the retrigger mode as the internal retrigger

Refer to page 2-7 for more information on the supported conversion modes. Refer to page 2-10 for information on the supported trigger sources.

When using pre-trigger acquisition, you cannot use an external retrigger in triggered scan mode. Refer to page 2-8 for more information on triggered scan mode.

Pre-trigger acquisition starts when you start the operation and stops when the board detects the selected post-trigger source, indicating that the ﬁrst post-trigger sample was acquired (this sample is ignored).

If you are using internally-retriggered scan mode and the post-trigger event has not occurred, the board continues to acquire pre-trigger data using the internal retrigger clock to clock the operation. When the post-trigger event occurs, the operation stops. Refer to page 2-8 for more information on internally-retriggered scan mode.

Figure 2-5 illustrates continuous pre-trigger mode using a channel-gain list of three entries:

channel 0, channel 1, and channel 2. In this example, pre-trigger analog input data is acquired on each clock pulse of the A/D sample clock. The board wraps to the beginning of the channel-gain list and the acquisition repeats continuously until the post-trigger event occurs. When the posttrigger event occurs, acquisition stops.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-13

Figure 2-5

Continuous pre-trigger mode

Chan 0

Chan 1

A/D Sample

Pre-trigger Event Occurs

Chan 2

Pre-trigger Data Acquired

Chan 0

Chan 2

Chan 0

Chan 1

Post-trigger Event Occurs

Acquisition Stops

Figure 2-6 illustrates the same example using internally-retriggered triggered scan mode. The

multiscan count is 2 indicating that the channel-gain list will be scanned twice per trigger or retrigger. In this example, pre-trigger analog input data is acquired on each clock pulse of the A/D sample clock until the channel-gain list has been scanned twice; then, the board waits for the internal retrigger event. When the internal retrigger occurs, the process repeats. The process stops when the post-trigger event occurs.

Figure 2-6

Continuous pre-trigger mode with triggered scan

Chan 2

Chan 0

A/D Sample

Chan 0

Chan 1

Chan 2

Chan 0

Chan 1

Chan 2

Chan 0

Chan 1

Pre-trigger event occurs; pre-trigger data is acquired for two scans of the CGL.

Board waits for retrigger event.

Retrigger event occurs; pre-trigger data is acquired until post-trigger event occurs.

Post-trigger event occurs; acquisition stops.

About-trigger acquisition

Use about-trigger acquisition mode (continuous about-trigger mode) when you want to acquire data both before and after a speciﬁc external event occurs. This operation is equivalent to doing both a pre-trigger and a post-trigger acquisition.

Using software, specify the following parameters:

• The dataﬂow as continuous about-trigger

• The pre-trigger source as the software trigger

• The post-trigger source as the external digital (TTL) trigger or the external analog threshold

trigger

• If you are using triggered scan mode, the retrigger mode as the internal retrigger

Refer to page 2-7 for more information on the supported conversion modes. Refer to page 2-10 for information on the supported trigger sources.

When using about-trigger acquisition, you cannot use an external retrigger in triggered scan mode. Refer to page 2-8 for more information on triggered scan mode.

2-14 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

The about-trigger acquisition starts when you start the operation. When the board detects the selected post-trigger event, the board stops acquiring pre-trigger data and starts acquiring posttrigger data.

If you are using internally-retriggered scan mode and the post-trigger event has not occurred, the board continues to acquire pre-trigger data using the internal retrigger clock to clock the operation. If, however, the post-trigger event has occurred, the board continues to acquire post-trigger data using the internal retrigger clock to clock the operation.

The about-trigger operation stops when the speciﬁed number of post-trigger samples has been acquired, or when you stop the operation. Refer to page 2-8 for more information on internallyretriggered scan mode.

Figure 2-7 illustrates continuous about-trigger mode using a channel list of two entries: channel

0 and channel 1. In this example, pre-trigger analog input data is acquired on each clock pulse of the A/D sample clock, scanning the channel list continuously, until the post-trigger event occurs. When the post-trigger event occurs, post-trigger analog input data is acquired continuously on each clock pulse of the A/D sample clock.

Figure 2-7

Continuous about-trigger mode

Chan 0

Chan 1

A/D Sample

Pre-trigger Event Occurs

Chan 0

Chan 1

Pre-trigger Data Acquired

Chan 0

Chan 1

Post-trigger Event Occurs

Chan 0

Chan 1

Post-trigger Data Acquired

Chan 0

Chan 1

. . .

Figure 2-8 illustrates the same example using internally-retriggered triggered scan mode. The

multiscan count is 2 indicating that the channel-gain list will be scanned twice per trigger or retrigger. In this example, pre-trigger analog input data is acquired on each clock pulse of the A/D sample clock for two scans; then, the board waits for the internal retrigger event. When the internal retrigger occurs, the board begins acquiring pre-trigger data until the post-trigger event occurs. Then, the board ﬁnishes scanning the channel-gain list the speciﬁed number of times, but acquires the data as post-trigger samples. On all subsequent internal retriggers, post-trigger data is acquired.

Figure 2-8

Continuous about-trigger mode with triggered scan

Chan 0

Chan 1

A/D Sample

Chan 0

Chan 1

Chan 0

Chan 1

Chan 0

Chan 1

Chan 0

Chan 1

Pre-trigger event occurs; pre-trigger data is acquired for 2 scans of the CGL.

Re-trigger event occurs; pre-trigger data is acquired until post-trigger occurs.

Post-trigger event occurs; post-trigger data is acquired until the end of the number of scans.

Re-trigger event occurs; post-trigger data is acquired for 2 scans of the CGL.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-15

Data format and transfer

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards use offset binary data encoding to represent signals. In DriverLINX software, the analog input value is returned as a code or voltage depending on user input. DriverLINX provides single-value and buffer methods to convert between voltages and analog codes. The single-value functions are Volts2Code and Code2Volts. Refer to DriverLINX manuals provided with DriverLINX for more information.

To represent unipolar signals, KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards use straight binary data encoding, such as 000 (for 12-bit boards) or 0000 (for 16-bit boards) to represent 0V, and FFFh (for 12-bit boards) or FFFFh (for 16-bit boards) to represent full-scale. To represent bipolar signals, KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards use offset binary data encoding, such as 000 (for 12-bit boards) or 0000 (for 16-bit boards) to represent negative full-scale, and FFFh (for 12-bit boards) or FFFFh (for 16-bit boards) to represent positive full-scale. Use software to specify the data encoding as binary.

DriverLINX transfers data to the controlling (your program) application in buffers that the application has allocated. The size and number of buffers that your application should allocate is a function of Windows’ message processing and the type of stop event you have speciﬁed.

Guidance on specifying buffers

If using ‘Stop on terminal count,’ data transfer stops automatically after the speciﬁed buffer is ﬁlled. Only a single buffer of adequate length is needed.

If using ‘Stop on trigger’ (analog or digital) or ‘Stop on command,’ the data transfer will continue indeﬁnitely until the stop condition occurs, with buffers being used and reused to keep up with incoming transfers. In this case, allocate enough buffers for one second’s worth of data, plus two extras to provide a margin for recycling of used buffers. (The total number of buffers available should equal [(Sampling Frequency / Buffer Size) + 2].)

A Windows message will be sent each time a buffer is ﬁlled. For example, at a rate of 100Hz and a buffer of 100 samples, a buffer ﬁlled message will be sent once per second. A buffer message rate in the range of 1 – 10 per second is recommended to avoid overloading Windows with too many messages.

Error conditions

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards can report the following analog input error conditions to the host computer:

• A/D Over Sample — Indicates that the A/D sample clock rate is too fast. This error is reported if a new A/D sample clock pulse occurs while the ADC is busy performing a conversion from the previous A/D sample clock pulse. The host computer can clear this error. To avoid this error, use a slower sampling rate.

• Input FIFO Overﬂow — Indicates that the analog input data is not being transferred fast enough from the Input FIFO across the PCI bus to the host computer. This error is reported when the Input FIFO becomes full; the board cannot get access to the PCI bus fast enough. The host computer can clear this error, but the error will continue to be generated if the Input FIFO is still full. To avoid this error, close other applications that may be running while you are acquiring data. Also check if bus mastering is evaluated in B105. If this has no effect, try using a computer with a faster processor or reduce the sampling rate.

• Host Block Overﬂow — Indicates that the host computer is not handling data from the board fast enough. This error is reported if the board completes the transfer of a block of input data to the circular buffer in the host computer before the host computer has ﬁnished reading the last block of data.

If any of these error conditions occurs, the board stops acquiring and transferring data to the host computer.

NOTE DriverLINX reports any of these errors as a “DATA LOST” message.

2-16 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Analog output features

Two analog output (D/A) subsystems are provided on KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards. The ﬁrst D/A subsystem contains the majority of analog output features. The second is dedicated to threshold triggering only (refer to page 2-18 for information on analog threshold triggering).

This section describes the following features of the ﬁrst D/A subsystem:

• Analog output resolution

• Analog output channels

• Output ranges and gains

• Output ﬁlters

• D/A output clock sources

• Trigger sources

• Analog output conversion modes

• Data formats and transfer

• Error conditions

Analog output resolution

KPCI-3110 boards have a ﬁxed analog output resolution of 12 bits. The KPCI-3116 boards have a ﬁxed analog output resolution of 16 bits. The analog output resolution cannot be changed in software.

Analog output channels

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards support two differential analog output channels (DAC0 and DAC1). Refer to Section 3 for information on how to wire analog output signals to the board using the screw terminal panel.

Within each DAC, the digital data is double buffered to prevent spurious outputs, then output as an analog signal. Both DACs power up to a value of 0V ±10mV. Note that resetting the board does not clear the values in the DACs.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards can output data from a single analog output channel or from two analog output channels. The following subsections describe how to specify the channels.

Specifying a single channel

The simplest way to output data to a single analog output channel is to specify the channel for a single value analog output operation using software; refer to page 2-19 for more information on single value operations.

You can also specify a single analog output channel using an analog output channel list, described in the next section.

Specifying one or more channels

You can specify one or two analog output channels in the analog output channel list, either starting with DAC 0 or with DAC 1.

Values are output simultaneously to the entries in the channel list.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-17

Output ﬁlters

On the KPCI-3116 board only, each DAC supports a software-selectable, single-pole, ﬁlter of 20kHz. Specifying a 20kHz ﬁlter is useful if you want to smooth the output values of the DAC.

On power-up or reset, no ﬁlter is used. Refer to DriverLINX manuals for more information on

ﬁlters.

Output ranges and gains

Each DAC on the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board can output bipolar analog output signals in the range of ±10V.

In DriverLINX software, specify a gain of -1 for bipolar analog output operations. This sets both range and gain.

If you are using an analog output channel list, the subsystem defaults to a gain of 1 for each channel; therefore, you do not have to specify the gain.

D/A output clock sources

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards provide two clock sources for pacing the output of each channel in the analog output channel-gain list:

• An internal D/A output clock that uses the 24-bit D/A Counter on the board.

• An external D/A output clock that you can connect to the screw terminal panel

The following subsections describe the internal and external D/A output clocks in more detail.

Internal D/A output clock

The internal D/A output clock uses a 20MHz time base. Conversions start on the falling edge of the counter output; the output pulse is active low.

Through software, specify the clock source as internal and the clock frequency at which to pace the analog output operation. The minimum frequency supported is 1.2Hz (1.2 Samples/s). For KPCI-3110 boards, the maximum frequency supported is 500kHz (500 kSamples/s). For KPCI3116 boards, the maximum frequency supported is 200kHz (200 kSamples/s). See page 2-19 for more information on these conversion modes.

External D/A output clock

The external D/A output clock is useful when you want to pace analog output operations at rates not available with the internal D/A output clock, if you want to pace at uneven intervals, or if you want to start pacing when an external event occurs.

Connect an external D/A output clock to screw terminal 74 on the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (pin 9 on connector J2). Conversions start on the falling edge of the external D/A output clock signal.

Using software, specify the clock source as external. For KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards, the clock frequency is always equal to the frequency of the external D/A output clock input signal that you connect to the board through the screw terminal panel.

2-18 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Trigger sources

A trigger is an event that occurs based on a speciﬁed set of conditions. KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards support the following trigger sources for analog output operations:

• Software trigger

• External digital (TTL) trigger

• Analog threshold trigger

This subsection describes these trigger sources in more detail.

Software trigger

A software trigger event occurs when you start the analog output operation (the computer issues a write to the board to begin conversions). Specify the software trigger source in software.

External digital (TTL) trigger

For analog output operations, an external digital trigger event occurs when the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board detects either a rising or falling edge on the External D/A TTL Trigger input signal connected to screw terminal 75 on the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (pin 8 on connector J2). The trigger signal is TTL-compatible.

Using software, specify the trigger source as either a rising-edge external digital trigger or falling-edge external digital trigger.

Analog threshold trigger

For analog output operations, an analog trigger event occurs when the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board detects a transition from above a threshold level to below a threshold level (falling edge), or a transition from below a threshold level to above a threshold level (rising edge). The following analog threshold trigger sources are available:

• External Analog Trigger input signal connected to screw terminal 104 on the STP-3110

screw terminal panel (pin 34 on connector J2). Using software, specify the trigger source as either a rising-edge or falling-edge analog threshold trigger.

• One of the analog input channels after gain is applied. Using software, specify the trigger

source as either a positive threshold trigger or a negative threshold trigger.

Using software, specify the analog input channel used as the analog threshold trigger as the ﬁrst channel in the analog input channel list; refer to page 2-3 for more information.

On KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards, the threshold level is set using a dedicated 8-bit DAC (the second analog output subsystem); the hysteresis is ﬁxed at 50mV. Using software, program the threshold level by writing a voltage value to the DAC of the second analog output subsystem; this value can range from −10V to +10V.

NOTE If you are using an analog threshold trigger to trigger both the A/D and

the D/A subsystems, ensure that you use the same analog trigger type for both subsystems (either external or one of the analog input channels).

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-19

Analog output conversion modes

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards support the following conversion modes:

• Single value (polled) operations are the simplest to use but offer the least ﬂexibility and efﬁciency. Use software to specify the range, gain, and analog output channel (among other parameters), and output the data from that channel. For a single value operation, you cannot specify a clock source, trigger source, or buffer.

Single value operations stop automatically when ﬁnished; you cannot stop a single value operation.

• Continuous analog output operations take full advantage of the capabilities of the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards. In this mode, you can specify an analog output channelgain list, clock source, trigger source, buffer, and buffer wrap mode. Two continuous analog output operations are supported: continuously-paced and waveform generation mode. These modes are described in the following subsections.

Using DriverLINX software, you can stop a scan when the hardware ﬁlls the host buffer you speciﬁed or when your application issues a stop command.

Continuously-paced analog output

Use continuously-paced analog output mode if you want to accurately control the period between conversions of individual analog output channels in the analog output channel list.

The host computer transfers digital values to write to the DACs from allocated circular buffers in computer memory to the Output FIFO on the board. KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards have a 4 kSample Output FIFO. Use software to allocate the number of buffers and to specify the values.

When it detects a trigger, the board outputs the values in the Output FIFO to the DACs at the same time. Even samples (0, 2, 4, and so on) are written to entry 0 in the channel list; odd samples (1, 3, 5, and so on) are written to entry 1 in the channel list. The operation repeats continuously until either all the data is output from the buffers (if buffer wrap mode is none) or if you stop the operation (if buffer wrap mode is multiple). Refer to page 2-20 for more information on buffers.

Ensure that the host computer transfers data to the Output FIFO fast enough so that the Output FIFO does not empty completely; otherwise, an Output FIFO Underrun error results. Note that the Output FIFO Counter increments each time the host loads a value into the Output FIFO and decrements each time the DAC reads a value from the Output FIFO; the counter is reset to 0 when the Output FIFO is reset. To avoid the Output FIFO Underrun error in continuously-paced mode, the host computer can read the Output FIFO Counter to determine how many samples remain in the Output FIFO, and transfer more data before the Output FIFO empties.

The conversion rate is determined by the frequency of the D/A output clock. For KPCI-3110 boards, the maximum throughput rate in this mode is 500 (500 kSamples/s) in 100mV steps. For KPCI-3116 boards, the maximum throughput rate in this mode is 200kHz (200 kSamples/s) in 100mV steps. Note that rate is system dependent. Refer to page 2-17 for more information on the D/A output clock.

2-20 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Waveform generation

Use waveform generation mode if you want to output waveforms repetitively.

Before this process can begin, the host computer must transfer the entire waveform pattern to output to the DACs from computer memory into the Output FIFO on the board.

For the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards, if you are using a single DAC, the waveform pattern can range from 2 to 4,096 samples. If you are using two DACs, the waveform pattern can range from 2 to 2,048 samples.

When it detects a trigger, the board cycles through the analog output channel-gain list, converting and outputting the speciﬁed waveform for the speciﬁed DACs. When the Output FIFO empties, the board issues a retransmit pulse to the Output FIFO. This allows the board to output the same pattern continuously to the DACs without having to reload the Output FIFOs. Refer to

page 2-20 for more information on buffers.

The conversion rate is determined by the frequency of the D/A output clock. For KPCI-3110 boards, the maximum throughput rate in this mode is 500kHz (500 kSamples/s) in 100mV steps. For the KPCI-3116 boards, the maximum throughput rate in this mode is 200kHz (200 kSamples/s) in 100mV steps. Refer to page 2-17 for more information on the D/A output clock.

To select waveform generation mode, refer to the “Using DriverLinx with your hardware: KPCI-3100 Series” manual.

Data format and transfer

Data from the host computer must use offset binary data encoding for analog output signals. DriverLINX converts this “native format” to a hardware-independent format so that applications can use the numeric operations that are intrinsic to most high-level languages. A DriverLINX Service Request may be used for several types of data conversion (such as VOLTS2CODE conversion that converts analog voltage to D/A code). Because the data values depend on the selected gain at the time of the data transfer, you should use DriverLINX to convert the data, as it takes the gain properties of the Service Request into account.

NOTE Refer to the DriverLINX Analog I/O Programming Guide and the

“Using DriverlINX with your Hardware” manuals furnished with DriverLINX.

Error conditions

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards can report an Output FIFO Underﬂow error to the host computer. This error indicates that the analog output data was not being transferred fast enough across the PCI bus from the host computer to the Output FIFO on the board.

If the D/A output clock occurs while the Output FIFO is empty, an error is not reported since the most likely cause is that the host computer has no more data to output. In this case, the last value received from the host computer is output by the speciﬁed DACs continuously until the board is powered down or new data becomes available. If, however, the host does an additional write to the Output FIFO (after the D/A output clock occurred while the Output FIFO was empty), the data is written to the DACs and the Output FIFO Underﬂow error is reported. This error has no effect on board operation; the host computer can clear this error.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-21

To avoid this error, ensure that the host computer provides data to the Output FIFO faster than the DACs are converting the data. You can read the value of the Output FIFO Counter to determine how many samples are in the Output FIFO.

If this error condition occurs, the board stops acquiring and transferring data to the host computer.

NOTE DriverLINX reports this error as a “DATA LOST” message.

Digital I/O features

This section describes the following features of the digital I/O subsystem:

• Digital I/O lines

• Digital I/O resolution

• Digital I/O operation modes

Digital I/O lines

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards support 16 digital I/O lines through the digital input (DIN) and output (DOUT) subsystems; both subsystems use the same digital I/O lines. These lines are divided into two banks of eight: Bank A, lines 0 to 7; and Bank B, lines 0 to 7. You can use each bank as either an input port or an output port; all eight lines within a bank have the same conﬁguration. For example, if you use Bank A as an input port (port 0), lines 0 to 7 of Bank A are conﬁgured as inputs. Likewise, if you use Bank B as an output port (port 1), lines 0 to 7 of Bank B are conﬁgured as outputs.

Specify the digital I/O line to read or write in a single value digital I/O operation. Refer to

page 2-22 for more information on single value operations.

On power up or reset, no digital data is output from the board.

DriverLINX lets you dynamically reconﬁgure digital I/O ports at run time using a “Digital Setup Event.” Refer to DriverLINX Digital I/O Programming Guide for information and limitations of this function.

2-22 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Digital I/O operation modes

DriverLINX uses the Digital I/O Subsystem for single value outputs. For continuous digital input, DriverLINX uses the Analog I/O subsystem (see “Specifying digital input lines in the ana-

log input channel list” on page 2-4. Single value operations stop automatically when ﬁnished;

you cannot stop a single value operation

• Continuous digital input takes full advantage of the capabilities of the KPCI-3110 or

KPCI-3116 board. Program the digital input lines as Analog Input Channel 0; enter the inputs through the DriverLINX A/D subsystem. You will assign a special gain code to this channel to distinguish it as digital. You can specify parameters such as clock source, scan mode, and trigger source for the digital input operation. Refer to page 2-4 for more information on specifying digital input lines for a continuous digital input operation. Refer to DriverLINX Analog I/O Programming Guide and Using DriverLINX with your Hardware manuals that accompany DriverLINX.

• Dynamic digital output is useful for synchronizing and controlling external equipment and

allows you to output data to two dynamic digital output lines each time an analog input value is acquired. This mode is programmed through the A/D subsystem; refer to page 2-4 for more information.

NOTE Expansion accessories use some of the dynamic digital output signals.

Therefore, you cannot use this feature and an expansion channel in the same task.

Counter/timer features

The counter/timer circuitry on the board provides the clocking circuitry used by the A/D and D/A subsystems as well as several user counter/timer features. This section describes the following user counter/timer features:

• Units

• C/T clock sources

• Gate types

• Pulse types and duty cycles

• Counter/timer operation modes

Units

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards support four user 16-bit counter/timer units (called counters); counters are numbered 0, 1, 2, and 3.

Each counter accepts a clock input signal and gate input signal and outputs a clock output signal (also called a pulse output signal), as shown in Figure 2-9.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-23

Figure 2-9

Counter/timer channel

Clock Input Signal (internal, external, or internally cascaded)

C/T clock sources

The following clock sources are available for the user counters:

• Internal C/T clock

• External C/T clock

• Internally cascaded clock

Refer to the following subsections for more information on these clock sources.

Internal C/T clock

The internal C/T clock uses a 20MHz time base. Counter/timer operations start on the rising edge of the clock input signal.

Counter

Gate Input Signal (software or external input)

Pulse Output Signal

Through software, specify the clock source as internal and the frequency at which to pace the counter/timer operation (this is the frequency of the clock output signal). The maximum frequency that you can specify for the clock output signal is 10MHz. The minimum frequency that you can specify for the clock output signal is 305.18Hz.

External C/T clock

The external C/T clock is useful when you want to pace counter/timer operations at rates not available with the internal C/T clock or if you want to pace at uneven intervals. The rising edge of the external C/T clock input signal is the active edge.

Using DriverLINX, specify the clock source as external and the clock divider used to determine the frequency at which to pace the operation (this is the frequency of the clock output signal). The minimum clock divider that you can specify is 2.0; the maximum clock divider that you can specify is 65,536. For example, if you supply an external C/T clock with a frequency of 5MHz and specify a clock divider of 5, the resulting frequency of the external C/T clock output signal is 1MHz. The resulting frequency of the external C/T clock output signal must not exceed

2.5MHz.

2-24 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Connect the external C/T clock to the board through the STP-3110 screw terminal panel.

Table 2-2 lists the screw terminals that correspond to the external C/T clock signals of each

counter/timer.

Table 2-2

External C/T clock signals

Screw Terminal on

Counter/Timer

0 TB58 17 1 TB62 15 2 TB66 13 3 TB70 11

STP-3110

Pin on

Connector J2

Internally cascaded clock

You can also internally route the clock output signal from one user counter to the clock input signal of the next user counter to internally cascade the counters. In this way, you can create a 32-bit counter without externally connecting two counters together. KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards support software cascading on counters 0 and 1, 1 and 2, and 2 and 3.

Specify internal cascade mode in software. The rising edge of the clock input signal is active.

To specify internal cascading, use DriverLINX software to set the internal cascade mode, then specify the clock input and gate input for the ﬁrst counter in the cascaded pair. Specify the clock source of the second counter as C/T clock input signal of the second counter. For example, if counters 1 and 2 are cascaded, specify the clock input and gate input for counter 1.

The maximum frequency that you can specify for the clock output signal is 10MHz. For a 32-bit cascaded counter, the minimum frequency that you can specify for the clock output signal is

0.00465Hz, which corresponds to a rate of once every 215 seconds.

. The clock output signal from the ﬁrst counter is the

N-1

Gate types

The active edge or level of the gate input to the counter enables counter/timer operations. The operation starts when the clock input signal is received. KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards provide the following gate input types:

• None — A software command enables any speciﬁed counter/timer operation immediately

after execution. This gate type is useful for all counter/timer modes.

• Logic-low level external gate input — Enables a counter/timer operation when the external

gate signal is low, and disables the counter/timer operation when the external gate signal is high. Note that this gate type is used only for event counting, frequency measurement, and rate generation; refer to page 2-26 for more information on these modes.

• Logic-high level external gate input — Enables a counter/timer operation when the exter-

nal gate signal is high, and disables a counter/timer operation when the external gate signal is low. Note that this gate type is used only for event counting, frequency measurement, and rate generation; refer to page 2-26 for more information on these modes.

• Falling-edge external gate input — Enables a counter/timer operation on the transition

from the high level to the low level (falling edge). In software, this is called a low-edge gate type. Note that this gate type is used only for one-shot and repetitive one-shot mode; refer to

page 2-34 for more information on these modes.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-25

• Rising-edge external gate input — Enables a counter/timer operation on the transition from the low level to the high level (rising edge). In software, this is called a high-edge gate type. Note that this gate type is used only for one-shot and repetitive one-shot mode; refer to

page 2-34 for more information on these modes.

Specify that gate type in software.

Table 2-3 lists the screw terminals that correspond to the gate input signals of each counter/

timer.

Table 2-3

Gate input signals

Screw Terminal on

Counter/Timer

0 TB60 50 1 TB64 48 2 TB68 46 3 TB72 44

STP-3110

Pulse output types and duty cycles

The KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards can output pulses from each counter/timer. Table 2-4 lists the screw terminals that correspond to the pulse output signals of each counter/timer.

Table 2-4

Pulse output signals

Screw Terminal on

Counter/Timer

0 TB59 16 1 TB63 14 2 TB67 12 3 TB71 10

STP-3110

Pin on

Connector J2

Pin on

Connector J2

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards support the following pulse output types on the clock output signal:

• High-to-low transitions — The low portion of the total pulse output period is the active por- tion of the counter/timer clock output signal.

• Low-to-high transitions — The high portion of the total pulse output period is the active portion of the counter/timer pulse output signal.

You specify the pulse output type in software.

2-26 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

The duty cycle (or pulse width) indicates the percentage of the total pulse output period that is active. A duty cycle of 50, then, indicates that half of the total pulse is low and half of the total pulse output is high. You specify the duty cycle in software.

Figure 2-10 illustrates a low-to-high pulse with a duty cycle of approximately 30%.

Figure 2-10

Example of a low-to-high pulse output type

Active Pulse Width

High Pulse

Low Pulse

Total Pulse Period

Counter/timer operation modes

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards support the following counter/timer operation modes:

• Event counting

• Frequency measurement

• Rate generation

• One-shot

• Repetitive one-shot

The following subsections describe these modes in more detail.

Event counting

Use event counting mode to count events from the counter’s associated clock input source.

If you are using one counter, you can count a maximum of 65,536 events before the counter rolls over to 0 and starts counting again. If you are using a cascaded 32-bit counter, you can count a maximum of 4,294,967,296 events before the counter rolls over to 0 and starts counting again.

In event counting mode, use an external C/T clock source; refer to page 2-23 for more information on the external C/T clock source.

Using DriverLINX software, specify the counter/timer mode as event counting (count), the C/T clock source as external, and the gate type that enables the operation. Refer to page 2-25 for information on gates.

Ensure that the signals are wired appropriately. Figure 2-11 shows one example of connecting an event counting application to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel using user counter 0. In this example, rising clock edges are counted while the gate is active.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-27

Figure 2-11

Connecting event counting signals (shown for Clock Input 0 and External Gate 0)

Signal Source

External Gating Switch

Digital Ground

User Clock Input 0

TB83

STP-3110 Panel

Gate 0

Digital Ground

Digital Shield

TB58

TB60

TB61

TB108

Figure 2-12 shows an example of an event counting operation. In this example, the gate type is

low level.

Figure 2-12

Example of event counting

High Level Disables Operation

Gate Input Signal

External C/T Clock Input Signal

Low Level Enables Operation

3 Events are counted while the operation is enabled.

Event Counting Operation Starts

Event Counting Operation Stops

2-28 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Frequency measurement

Use frequency measurement mode to measure the frequency of the signal from counter’s associated clock input source over a speciﬁed duration. In this mode, use an external C/T clock source; refer to page 2-23 for more information on the external C/T clock source.

One way to perform a frequency measurement is to use the same wiring as an event counting application that does not use an external gate signal, as shown in Figure 2-13.

Figure 2-13

Connecting frequency measurement signals without an external gate input (shown for Clock Input 0)

Signal Source

Digital Ground

User Clock Input 0

TB83

STP-3110 Panel

Digital Shield

TB58

TB60

TB61

TB108

In this conﬁguration, use software to specify the counter/timer mode as frequency measurement or event counting, and the duration of the Windows timer over which to measure the frequency. (The Windows timer uses a resolution of 1ms.) In this conﬁguration, frequency is determined using the following equation:

Frequency Measurement

Number of Events

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------= Duration of the Windows Timer

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-29

Figure 2-14

Connecting frequency measurement signals (shown for Clock Input 0 and External Gate 0)

Signal Source

Digital Ground

User Clock Input 0

TB83

Gate 0

TB58

TB60

TB61

TB63

STP-3110 Panel

User Counter Output 1

In this conﬁguration, use software to set up the counter/timers as follows:

1. Set up one of the counter/timers for one-shot mode, specifying the clock source, clock frequency, gate type, type of output pulse (high or low), and pulse width.

2. Set up the counter/timer that will measure the frequency for event counting mode, specifying the clock source to count, and the gate type (this should match the pulse output type of the counter/timer set up for one-shot mode).

3. Start both counters (events are not counted until the active period of the one-shot pulse is generated).

4. Read the number of events counted. (Allow enough time to ensure that the active period of the one-shot occurred and that events have been counted.)

5. Determine the measurement period using the following equation:

Measurement period

----------------------------------------Clock Frequency

""× ActivePulseWidth=

Determine the frequency of the clock input signal using the following equation:

Frequency Measurement

Number of Events

-------------------------------------------------= Measurement Period

2-30 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Figure 2-15 shows an example of a frequency measurement operation. In this example, three

events are counted during a duration of 300ms. The frequency, then, is 10Hz, since 10Hz = 3/(.3 s).

Figure 2-15

Example of frequency measurement

3 Events Counted

External C/T Clock Input Signal

Duration over which the frequency is measured = 300ms

Frequency Measurement Starts

Frequency Measurement Stops

Rate generation

Use rate generation mode to generate a continuous pulse output signal from the counter. This mode is sometimes referred to as continuous pulse output or pulse train output. You can use this pulse output signal as an external clock to pace other operations, such as analog input, analog output, or other counter/timer operations.

While the pulse output operation is enabled, the counter outputs a pulse of the speciﬁed type and frequency continuously. As soon as the operation is disabled, rate generation stops.

The period of the output pulse is determined by the clock input signal and the external clock divider. If you are using one counter (not cascaded), you can output pulses using a maximum frequency of 10MHz (this is the frequency of the clock output signal). In rate generation mode, either the internal or external C/T clock input source is appropriate depending on your application. Refer to page 2-23 for more information on the C/T clock source.

Using DriverLINX software, specify the counter/timer mode as rate generation (rate), the C/T clock source as either internal or external, the polarity of the output pulses (high-to-low transitions or low-to-high transitions), the duty cycle of the output pulses, and the gate type that enables the operation. Refer to page 2-25 for more information on pulse output signals and to

page 2-24 for more information on gate types.

Ensure that the signals are wired appropriately. Figure 2-16 shows one example of connecting a pulse output operation to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel using user counter 0. In this example, a software gate type is used.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-31

Figure 2-16

Connecting rate generation signals (shown for Counter Output 0; a software gate is used)

User Counter Input 0

Signal Source

Heater Controller

User Counter Output 0

Digital Ground

TB83

STP-3110 Screw Terminal Panel

TB59 TB60

TB61

Figure 2-17 shows an example of an enabled rate generation operation using an external C/T

clock source with an input frequency of 4kHz, a clock divider of 4, a low-to-high pulse type, and a duty cycle of 75%. (The gate type does not matter for this example.) A 1kHz square wave is the generated output. Figure 2-18 shows the same example using a duty cycle of 25%.

Figure 2-17

Example of rate generation mode with a 75% duty cycle

Rate Generation Operation Starts

External C/T Clock Input Signal (4kHz)

Pulse Output Signal

75% Duty Cycle

2-32 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Figure 2-18

Example of rate generation mode with a 25% duty cycle

Continuous Pulse Output Operation Starts

External C/T Clock Input Signal (4kHz)

Pulse Output Signal

25% Duty Cycle

One-shot

Use one-shot mode to generate a single pulse output signal from the counter when the operation is triggered (determined by the gate input signal). You can use this pulse output signal as an external digital (TTL) trigger to start other operations, such as analog input or analog output operations.

When the one-shot operation is triggered, a single pulse is output; then, the one-shot operation stops. All subsequent clock input signals and gate input signals are ignored.

The period of the output pulse is determined by the clock input signal. In one-shot mode, the internal C/T clock source is more useful than an external C/T clock source; refer to page 2-23 for more information on the internal C/T clock source.

Using DriverLINX software, specify the counter/timer mode as one-shot, the clock source as internal, the polarity of the output pulse (high-to-low transition or low-to-high transition), the duty cycle of the output pulse, and the gate type to trigger the operation. Refer to page 2-25 for more information on pulse output types and to page 2-24 for more information on gate types.

In the case of a one-shot operation, use a duty cycle as close to 100% as possible to output a pulse immediately. Using a duty cycle closer to 0% acts as a pulse output delay.

Ensure that the signals are wired appropriately. Figure 2-19 shows one example of connecting a pulse output operation to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel using user counter 0.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-33

Figure 2-19

Connecting one-shot signals (shown for Counter Output 0 and Gate 0)

Heater Controller

External Gating Switch

Digital Ground

User Counter Output 0

TB83

STP-3110 Screw Terminal Panel

Gate 0

Digital Ground

TB59 TB60

TB61

Figure 2-20 shows an example of a one-shot operation using an external gate input (rising edge),

a clock output frequency of 1kHz (pulse period of 1ms), a low-to-high pulse type, and a duty cycle of 99.99%. Figure 2-21 shows the same example using a duty cycle of 50%.

Figure 2-20

Example of one-shot mode using a 99.99% duty cycle

One-Shot Operation Starts

External Gate Signal

Pulse Output Signal

1ms period

99.99% Duty Cycle

2-34 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Figure 2-21

Example of one-shot mode using a 50% duty cycle

One-Shot Operation Starts

External Gate Signal

1ms period

Pulse Output Signal

50% Duty Cycle

Repetitive one-shot

Use repetitive one-shot mode to generate a pulse output signal each time the board detects a trigger (determined by the gate input signal). You can use this mode to clean up a poor clock input signal by changing its pulse width, then outputting it.

In repetitive one-shot mode, the internal C/T clock source is more useful than an external C/T clock source. Refer to page 2-23 for more information on the internal C/T clock source.

Use DriverLINX software to specify the counter/timer mode as repetitive one-shot, the polarity of the output pulses (high-to-low transitions or low-to-high transitions), the duty cycle of the output pulses, the C/T clock source, and the gate type to trigger the operation. Refer to

page 2-25 for more information on pulse output types and to page 2-24 for more information on

gates.

In the case of a one-shot operation, use a duty cycle as close to 100% as possible to output a pulse immediately. Using a duty cycle closer to 0% acts as a pulse output delay.

When the one-shot operation is triggered (determined by the gate input signal), a pulse is output. When the board detects the next trigger, another pulse is output. This operation continues until you stop the operation.

NOTE Triggers that occur while the pulse is being output are not detected by

the board.

Figure 2-22 shows an example of a repetitive one-shot operation using an external gate (rising

edge); a clock output frequency of 1kHz (one pulse every 1ms), a low-to-high pulse type, and a duty cycle of 99.99%. Figure 2-23 shows the same example using a duty cycle of 50%.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Functional Description 2-35

Figure 2-22

Example of repetitive one-shot mode using a 99.99% duty cycle

Repetitive One-Shot Operation Starts

External Gate Signal

1ms period

99.99% Duty Cycle

Pulse Output Signal

1ms period

99.99% Duty Cycle

Figure 2-23

Example of repetitive one-shot mode using a 50% duty cycle

Repetitive One-Shot Operation Starts

External Gate Signal

1ms period

Pulse Output Signal

50% Duty Cycle

99.99% Duty Cycle

1ms period

50% Duty Cycle

2-36 Functional Description KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Synchronizing A/D and D/A subsystems

You can synchronize the operation of the A/D and D/A subsystems providing that they are not performing single value operations. Refer to page 2-7 and page 2-19 for more information on single value operations.

You can synchronize the A/D and D/A subsystems in two ways: by applying the same external trigger or by applying the same external clock. This section describes these two methods.

Synchronizing the triggers

You can synchronize the triggers of the A/D and D/A subsystems as follows:

• External digital (TTL) trigger — Using software, specify the trigger source for the A/D

and D/A subsystems as the external digital (TTL) trigger and specify start type as digital trigger. Then, wire an external digital TTL trigger to both the A/D subsystem and the D/A subsystem. When armed, both subsystems are triggered simultaneously when the external digital event occurs.

Synchronizing the clocks

You can synchronize the clocks of the A/D and D/A subsystems as follows:

• External Sample Clocks — Using software, specify the clock source as the external A/D

sample clock for the A/D subsystem and as the external D/A output clock for the D/A subsystem. When started, both subsystems are clocked simultaneously.

Installation and

Conﬁguration

•

3-2 Installation and Configuration KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Unpacking

Open the shipping box and remove the wrapped KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board.

CAUTION Keep the board in its protective antistatic bag until you are ready to

install it; this minimizes the likelihood of electro-static damage.

Verify that the following items are present:

KPCI-3110, or KPCI-3116 data acquisition board KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 DriverLINX Software and Documentation CD-ROM

If an item is missing or damaged, call Keithley at:

1-888-KEITHLEY

Monday - Friday, 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time

An application engineer will guide you through the appropriate steps for replacing missing or damaged items.

Installing the software

NOTE

Software options

Users of KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards have the following two software options. In both cases, the software interfaces with your system via the DriverLINX software provided with your board:

The user can run a fully integrated data-acquisition software package such as TestPoint or LabVIEW.

The user can write and run a custom program in Visual C/C++, Visual Basic, or Delphi, using the programming support provided in the DriverLINX software.

A summary of the pros and cons of using integrated packages or writing custom programs is provided in the Keithley Full Line Catalog.

The KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board has fully functional driver support for use under Windows 95/98/NT/2000.

NOTE

Install the DriverLINX software before installing the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board. Otherwise, the device drivers will be more difﬁcult to install.

The DriverLINX Installation and Conﬁguration Guide, explains the DriverLINX installation process. To display this manual from your DriverLINX KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 CD-ROM, open the Windows Explorer, then double click on X:\Drvlinx4\Docs\Instconf.pdf, where X = the letter of the CD-ROM drive. Acrobat Reader must already be installed on the other system. If necessary, you can ﬁrst install Acrobat Reader directly from the CD-ROM by double clicking X:\Acrobat\setup.exe.

•

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Installation and Configuration 3-3

DriverLINX driver software for Windows 95/98/NT/2000

DriverLINX software, supplied by Keithley with the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board, provides convenient interfaces to conﬁgure analog and digital I/O modes without register-level programming.

Most importantly, however, DriverLINX supports those programmers who wish to create custom applications using Visual C/C++, Visual Basic, or Delphi. DriverLINX accomplishes foreground and background tasks to perform data acquisition. The software includes memory and data buffer management, event triggering, extensive error checking, and context sensitive online help.

DriverLINX provides application developers a standardized interface to over 100 services for creating foreground and background tasks for the following:

Analog input and output Digital input and output Time and frequency measurement Event counting Pulse output Period measurement

In addition to basic I/O support, DriverLINX also provides:

Built-in capabilities to handle memory and data buffer management. A selection of starting and stopping trigger events, including pre-triggering, mid-point trig-

gering and post-triggering protocols. Extensive error checking. Context-sensitive on-line help system DriverLINX is essentially hardware independent,

because its portable APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) work across various operating systems. This capability eliminates unnecessary programming when changing operating system platforms.

TestPoint

TestPoint is a fully featured, integrated application package that incorporates many commonly used math, analysis, report generation, and graphics functions. The TestPoint graphical dragand-drop interface can be used to create data acquisition applications, without programming, for IEEE-488 instruments, data acquisition boards, and RS232-485 instruments and devices.

TestPoint includes features for controlling external devices, responding to events, processing data, creating report ﬁles, and exchanging information with other Windows programs. It provides libraries for controlling most popular GPIB instruments.

TestPoint interfaces with your KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board through DriverLINX, using a driver that is provided by the manufacturer.

™

3-4 Installation and Configuration KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

LabVIEW

LabVIEW is a fully featured graphical programming language used to create virtual instrumentation. It consists of an interactive user interface, complete with knobs, slide switches, graphs, strip charts, and other instrument panel controls. Its data-driven environment uses function blocks that are virtually wired together and pass data to each other. The function blocks, which are selected from palette menus, range from arithmetic functions to advanced acquisition, control, and analysis routines. Also included are debugging tools, help windows, execution highlighting, single stepping, probes, and breakpoints to trace and monitor the data ﬂow execution. LabVIEW can be used to create professional applications with minimal programming.

A Keithley VI palette provides standard virtual instruments (VIs) for LabVIEW that interface with your KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board through DriverLINX. The needed driver is provided on your DriverLINX CD-ROM or may be obtained by download at www.keithley.com.

Installing DriverLINX

Refer to the instructions on the Read this ﬁrst sheet and the manuals on the DriverLINX CD-ROM, both shipped with your board, for information on installing and using DriverLINX.

Installing application software and drivers

Installing the TestPoint software and driver

The DriverLINX driver for TestPoint is provided as part of the TestPoint software. The driver therefore installs automatically when you install TestPoint.

You can install TestPoint application software at any time—before or after installing DriverLINX and the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board. For TestPoint installation instructions, consult the manual provided by with TestPoint.

NOTE

Installing the LabVIEW software and driver

A DriverLINX driver for LabVIEW is provided on your DriverLINX CD-ROM. The LabVIEW driver does not install automatically when you install DriverLINX and your board. You must ﬁrst install the LabVIEW application program, then install the DriverLINX driver. Access the LabVIEW driver installation routine by starting setup.exe on the DriverLINX CD-ROM, then selecting LabVIEW

Consult the manual provided with LabVIEW for installation instructions.

Before using TestPoint with the KPCI-3110 version of DriverLINX, check with Keithley to ensure that your version of TestPoint is compatible with DriverLINX.

™

Support from the Install These DriverLINX components screen.

•

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Installation and Configuration 3-5

Installing the board

To install the board, check the system requirements, set up the computer, select an available 32-bit or 64-bit PCI expansion slot, and insert the board into the slot. The following subsections describe how to perform these steps.

To install the board, perform the following steps:

Check the system requirements, described in Section 1, “Overview.” Set up the computer, described on page 3-5. Select an expansion slot, described on page 3-5. Insert the board into any available 32-bit or 64-bit PCI expansion slot in your computer,

described on page 3-6.

NOTE

The KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards are factory-calibrated and require no further adjustment prior to installation. If you decide later to recalibrate the board, refer to Section 5 , “ Calibration ,” for instructions.

Setting up the computer

CAUTION To prevent electro-static damage that can occur when handling elec-

tronic equipment, use a ground strap or similar device when performing this installation procedure.

1. Turn off the computer.

2. Turn off all peripherals (printer, modem, monitor, and so on) connected to the computer.

3. Unplug the computer and all peripherals.

4. Remove the cover from you computer. Refer to your computer’s user manual for instructions.

Selecting an expansion slot

1. Select a 32-bit or 64-bit PCI expansion slot. PCI slots are shorter than ISA or EISA slots and are usually white or ivory. Commonly, three

PCI slots (one of which may be a shared ISA/PCI slot) are available. If an ISA board exists in the shared slot, you cannot use the slot for a PCI board; likewise if a PCI board exists in the shared slot, you cannot use the slot for an ISA board.

2. Remove the cover plate from the selected expansion slot. Retain the screw that held it in place; you will use it later to install the board.

3-6 Installation and Configuration KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Inserting the board in the computer

1. To discharge any static electricity, hold the wrapped board in one hand while placing your other hand ﬁrmly on a metal portion of the computer chassis.

2. Carefully remove the anti-static packing material from the board. (Save the original packing material in the unlikely event that your board requires servicing in the future.)

3. Hold the board by its edges and do not touch any of the components on the board.

4. Position the board so that the cable connectors are facing the rear of the computer, as shown in Figure 3-1.

Figure 3-1

Inserting a KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board in the computer

KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 Board

PCI Expansion Slot Bus Connector

Rear of Computer

5. Carefully lower the board into the PCI expansion slot using the card guide to properly align the board in the slot. When the bottom of the board contacts the bus connector, gently press down on the board until it clicks into place.

CAUTION

Do not force the board into place. Moving the board from side to side during installation may damage the bus connector. If you encounter resistance when inserting the board, remove the board and try again.

6. Secure the board in place at the rear panel of the system unit using the screw removed from the slot cover.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Installation and Configuration 3-7

Conﬁguring the board to work with DriverLINX

After physically installing the board, turn on and reboot the computer. The DriverLINX Plug and Play Wizard screen appears. Run the Wizard immediately by following the progressive instructions on the screen.

If you do not run the Wizard immediately, it will not appear the next time you reboot. You must then restart the Wizard from a batch ﬁle, as follows:

1. Open the Windows Explorer.

2. Double click on X:\DrvLINX4\Help\kcpi3110.bat, where X = the letter of the drive on which you installed DriverLINX.

3. The Wizard appears.

NOTE

You can also start this batch ﬁle directly from the CD-ROM by double clicking on Y:\DrvLINX4\Help\kpci3110.bat, where Y = the drive letter of your CD-ROM drive.

Checking the combined board and DriverLINX installations

Before making any connections to the board, check whether DriverLINX and your board are installed correctly and working together properly. Refer to Section 4, “Testing the Board” and the DriverLINX manuals.

Try starting the DriverLINX Analog I/O Panel. Proceed as follows:

1. In the Start menu, click Programs.

2. Find the DriverLINX → Test Panels folder, under which you should ﬁnd the AIO Panel entry.

3. Click on the AIO Panel entry.

4. If a KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board is the only board in your computer installed under DriverLINX or if the DriverLINX Analog I/O Panel lists the KPCI3110 board under Driver

Selection, then DriverLINX and your board are installed properly and are working together.

5. If you cannot initially run the Analog I/O Panel, refer to Section 6, “Troubleshooting.”

After DriverLINX and your board are installed properly and working together, continue with installation and wiring.

3-8 Installation and Configuration KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Attaching the STP-3110 screw terminal panel

Before you can wire signals, you ﬁrst need to attach the STP-3110 screw terminal panel to the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board. Connector J1 on the screw terminal panel brings out all of the analog signals from connector J1 on the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board; cable CAB-307 connects connector J1 on the screw terminal panel to the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board. Connector J2 on the screw terminal panel brings out all of the digital and counter/timer signals from connector J2 on the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board; cable CAB-308 connects connector J2 on the screw terminal panel to the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board.

Figure 3-2 illustrates how to attach the STP-3110 screw terminal panel to the KPCI-3110 or

KPCI-3116 board.

Figure 3-2

Attaching the STP-3110 screw terminal panel to the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board

Analog I/O Connector (J1)

KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 Board

CAB-307 Cable

CAB-308 Cable

STP-3110 Screw Terminal Panel

Digital I/O Connector (J2)

Figure 3-3 shows the layout of the STP-3110 screw terminal panel.

Figure 3-3

Layout of the STP-3110 screw terminal panel

R1 to R16

R17 to R32

Gnd 0 Clk 0 Out 0 Gate 0

Gnd 1 Clk 1 Out 1 Gate 1

CTR 57

CTR 65

Trig 73

GND 81

DIO 89

DIO 97

104

Shield 105

112

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Installation and Configuration 3-9

Size

The STP-3110 panel is designed to ﬁt inside a standard 4-inch wide by 8-inch long plastic enclosure. Note, that the grayed area on the STP-3110, shown in Figure 3-3, indicates where to connect a single ground point for shielded enclosures.

Jumper W1 - common ground sense

When shipped from the factory, jumper W1 connects the low side of the input ampliﬁer (Amp Low) on the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board to analog ground.

When using pseudo-differential analog inputs, remove jumper W1 and connect Amp Low to a remote common-mode voltage to reject offset voltages common to all 32 input channels. Refer to Figure 3-4 for an example of using jumper W1.

Figure 3-4

Removal of Jumper W1 for remote ground sensing

Signal Source

Vsource 0

Vsource 8

Vsource 1

Signal Source

Vsource 0

Vsource 8

Vsource 1

STP-3110 Panel

Analog In 0 Analog In 8

Analog In 1

Analog Ground

Analog In 0

Analog In 8 Analog In 1

TB1 TB2

TB3

TB1 TB2

TB3

Jumper W1 Installed (Amp Low)

TB33

TB34

TB33 TB34

STP-3110 Panel

Remove Jumper W1 to use Amp Low as a remote ground sense.

Analog Ground

*Make this connection as close to V Vcm is the common-mode voltage for all 32 analog inputs.

as possible to reduce ground loop errors.

sources

3-10 Installation and Configuration KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Resistors R1 to R16 - bias return

Resistor locations R1 to R16 connect the low side of analog input channels to analog ground. These resistor locations are typically used when connecting differential inputs to analog input channels 0 to 15, where R1 corresponds to analog input channel 0, and R16 corresponds to analog input channel 15.

The high side of the corresponding analog input channels returns the source input impedance through the bias return resistors to the low side of the channels, then to analog ground. Typical resistor values are 1k Ω to 100k Ω depending on the application. Refer to Figure 3-7 for an example of using bias return resistors.

Resistors R17 to R32 - current shunt

Resistor locations R17 to R32 are typically used to convert current to voltage on channels 0 to 15, where R17 corresponds to analog input channel 0, and R32 corresponds to analog input channel 15.

These resistor locations connect the high side to the low side of the corresponding channels, thereby acting as shunts. If, for example, you add a 250 Ω resistor to location R17, and connect a 4 to 20mA current loop input to channel 0, the input range is converted to 1 to 5V. Note that, depending on your application, you may need to use resistors R1 to R16 with resistors R17 to R32 for proper operation. Refer to Figure 3-9 for an example of using current shunt resistors.

Screw terminals

Screw terminals TB1 to TB56 correspond to the analog I/O channels from the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board. Screw terminals TB57 to TB112 correspond to the digital I/O signals from the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board.

Screw terminals TB37 (+15V) and TB39 ( − 15V) are available for low-current signal conditioning applications. The supply on the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board is current-limited through a 10 Ω resistor and is speciﬁed for a maximum load current of ±3mA.

Screw terminal TB49 (+5.0V reference) is also current-limited through a 10 Ω resistor and is provided for applications that require a reference less than 1mA.

Screw terminal TB112 (+5V output) is current-limited through a series 10 Ω resistor and supports loads up to 100mA. Note that you must take the drop (current [I] multiplied by resistance [R]) across the series 10 Ω resistor (1V at 100mA) into consideration.

To provide maximum signal integrity, screw terminals TB35, TB36, and TB51 to TB56 have been reserved for external shield connections from the J1 connector. Screw terminals TB105 and TB108 have been reserved for external shield connections from the J2 connector. In addition, multiple ground connections have been allocated for all the digital and clock signals for proper shielding and current capacity.

NOTE

If you connect a high-speed clock to the STP-3110, it is recommended that you connect the return to the adjacent ground screw terminal.

−

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Installation and Configuration 3-11

Table 3-1 lists the screw terminal assignments for connector J1 on the STP-3110 screw terminal

panel. Table 3-2 lists the screw terminal assignments for connector J2 on the STP-3110 screw terminal panel.

Table 3-1

Screw terminal assignments for connector J1on the STP-3110 screw terminal panel

TB # J1 Pin # Description TB # J1 Pin # Description

1 25 Analog In 0/0 2 50 Analog In 8/0 Return 3 24 Analog In 1/1 4 49 Analog In 9/1 Return 5 23 Analog In 2/2 6 48 Analog In 10/2 Return 7 22 Analog In 3/3 8 47 Analog In 11/3 Return

9 21 Analog In 4/4 10 46 Analog In 12/4 Return 11 20 Analog In 5/5 12 45 Analog In 13/5 Return 13 19 Analog In 6/6 14 44 Analog In 14/6 Return 15 18 Analog In 7/7 16 43 Analog In 15/7 Return 17 17 Analog In 16/8 18 42 Analog In 24/8 Return 19 16 Analog In 17/9 20 41 Analog In 25/9 Return 21 15 Analog In 18/10 22 40 Analog In 26/10 Return 23 14 Analog In 19/11 24 39 Analog In 27/11 Return 25 13 Analog In 20/12 26 38 Analog In 28/12 Return 27 12 Analog In 21/13 28 37 Analog In 29/13 Return 29 11 Analog In 22/14 30 36 Analog In 30/14 Return 31 10 Analog In 23/15 32 35 Analog In 31/15 Return 33 9 Amp Low 34 34 Analog Ground 35 8 Analog Shield Ground 36 33 Analog Shield Ground 37 7 +15V Output 38 32 Power Ground 39 6 41 5 Analog Output 0+ 42 30 Analog Output 0 Return 43 4 Analog Output 1+ 44 29 Analog Output 1 Return 45 3 Reserved 46 28 Reserved 47 2 Reserved 48 27 Reserved 49 1 +5V Reference Out 50 26 Analog Ground 51 - Analog Shield Ground 52 - Analog Shield Ground 53 - Analog Shield Ground 54 - Analog Shield Ground 55 - Analog Shield Ground 56 - Analog Shield Ground

15V Output 40 31 Reserved

NOTE

For analog input channels (TB1-32), two values are shown. The value before the slash is the assignment in single-ended and pseudo-differential conﬁgurations when 32 channels are available. The value after the slash applies to differential conﬁgurations, when 16 channels are available and each channel has a separate return.

In particular, be aware that when changing to/from differential conﬁguration, the high side of channels 8-15 must be moved to a different terminal.

3-12 Installation and Configuration KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Table 3-2

Screw terminal assignments for connector J2 on the STP-3110 screw terminal panel

TB # J2 Pin # Description TB # J2 Pin # Description

57 51, 52 Digital Ground 58 17 User Clock Input 0 59 16 User Counter Output 0 60 50 External Gate 0 61 49 Digital Ground 62 15 User Clock Input 1 63 14 User Counter Output 1 64 48 External Gate 1 65 47 Digital Ground 66 13 User Clock Input 2 67 12 User Counter Output 2 68 46 External Gate 2 69 45 Digital Ground 70 11 User Clock Input 3 71 10 User Counter Output 3 72 44 External Gate 3 73 43 Digital Ground 74 9 External D/A Sample

Clock In

75 8 External D/A TTL Trigger 76 7 External A/D Sample

Clock In 77 6 External A/D TTL Trigger 78 5 A/D Trigger Out 79 4 A/D Sample Clock Out 80 3 Reserved 81 23, 28, 42Digital Ground 82 39, 41,

57, 62

83 18, 38,

40, 63,

64 85 31 Reserved 86 37 Reserved 87 30 Dynamic Digital Output 0 88 29 Dynamic Digital Output 1 89 27 Digital I/O Bank A 0 90 26 Digital I/O Bank A 1 91 25 Digital I/O Bank A 2 92 24 Digital I/O Bank A 3 93 61 Digital I/O Bank A 4 94 60 Digital I/O Bank A 5 95 59 Digital I/O Bank A 6 96 58 Digital I/O Bank A 7 97 22 Digital I/O Bank B 0 98 21 Digital I/O Bank B 1 99 20 Digital I/O Bank B 2 100 19 Digital I/O Bank B 3

101 56 Digital I/O Bank B 4 102 55 Digital I/O Bank B 5 103 54 Digital I/O Bank B 6 104 53 Digital I/O Bank B 7 105 33 Digital Shield Ground 106 68 Analog Ground 107 34 Analog Trigger 108 67 Digital Shield Ground 109 32 Reserved 110 66 Reserved 111 35, 36 Digital Ground 112 1, 2 +5V Out

Digital Ground 84 65 Reserved

Digital Ground

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Installation and Configuration 3-13

Wiring signals

This section describes how to wire signals to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel.

CAUTION To avoid electrical damage, ensure that power is turned off to the

computer and to any attached devices before wiring signals to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel.

•

TIP

Keep the following recommendations in mind when wiring signals to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel:

Use individually shielded twisted-pair wire (size 14 to 26 AWG) when using the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board in high electrical noise environments.

Separate power and signal lines by using physically different wiring paths or conduits. To avoid noise, do not locate the STP-3110 screw terminal panel and cabling next to sources

that produce high electromagnetic ﬁelds, such as large electric motors, power lines, solenoids, and electric arcs, unless the signals are enclosed in a metal shield.

Connect the analog shield to screw terminals TB35 and TB36, and to TB51 through TB56 on the STP-3110 screw terminal panel.

Connect the digital shield to screw terminals TB105 and TB108 on the screw terminal panel.

• Connect the analog and digital shields to one end only (either at the STP-3110 or at the sig-

nal source).

When ﬁrst installing the board, try wiring a function generator or a known voltage source to analog input channel 0 (use the differential conﬁguration), an oscilloscope or voltage meter to analog output channel 0, a digital input to digital I/O Port A, and an external clock or scope to counter/timer channel 0. Then, run DriverLINX Analog I/O Panel to verify that the board is operating properly. Once you have determined that the board is operating properly, wire the signals according to your application’s requirements.

Connecting analog input signals

The STP-3110 screw terminal panel supports both voltage and current loop inputs. You can connect analog input voltage signals to the STP-3110 in the following conﬁgurations:

• Single-ended — Choose this conﬁguration when you want to measure high-level signals,

noise is not signiﬁcant, the source of the input is close to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel, and all the input signals are referred to the same common ground. When you choose the single-ended conﬁguration, all 32 analog input channels are available.

• Pseudo-Differential — Choose this conﬁguration when noise or common-mode voltage

(the difference between the ground potentials of the signal source and the ground of the STP-3110 screw terminal panel or between the grounds of other signals) exists and the differential conﬁguration is not suitable for your application. This option provides less noise rejection than the differential conﬁguration; however, all 32 analog input channels are available.

• Differential — Choose this conﬁguration when you want to measure low-level signals (less

than 1V), you are using an A/D converter with high resolution (> 12 bits), noise is a signiﬁcant part of the signal, or common-mode voltage exists. When you choose the differential conﬁguration, 16 analog input channels are available.

3-14 Installation and Configuration KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

NOTE It is recommended that you connect all unused analog input channels to

analog ground.

This section describes how to connect single-ended, pseudo-differential, and differential voltage inputs, as well as current loop inputs to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel.

Connecting single-ended voltage inputs

Figure 3-5 shows how to connect single-ended voltage inputs (channels 0, 1, and 8, in this case)

to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel.

Figure 3-5

Connecting single-ended voltage inputs (shown for Channels 0, 1, and 8)

Signal Source

Vsource 0

Vsource 8

Vsource 1

STP-3110 Panel

Analog In 0

Analog In 8

Analog In 1

TB1

TB2 TB3

Analog Ground

Jumper W1 Installed (Amp Low)

TB33

TB34

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Installation and Configuration 3-15

Connecting pseudo-differential voltage inputs

Figure 3-6 shows how to connect pseudo-differential voltage inputs (channels 0, 1, and 8, in this

case) to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel.

Figure 3-6

Connecting pseudo-differential voltage inputs (shown for Channels 0, 1, and 8)

Signal Source

Vsource 0

Vsource 8

Vsource 1

Analog In 0

Analog In 8

Remove Jumper W1 to use Amp Low as a remote ground sense.

Analog In 1

Analog Ground

*Make this connection as close to V ground loop errors. Vcm is the common-mode voltage for all 32 analog inputs.

TB1 TB2

TB3

TB33 TB34

STP-3110 Panel

as possible to reduce

sources

3-16 Installation and Configuration KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Connecting differential voltage inputs

Figure 3-7A illustrates how to connect a ﬂoating signal source to the STP-3110 screw terminal

panel using differential inputs. (A ﬂoating signal source is a voltage source that has no connection with earth ground.) For ﬂoating signal sources, you need to provide a bias return path by adding resistors R1 to R16 for channels 0 to 15, respectively.

If the input signal is +10V, then the common-mode voltage could be 1V. Theoretically, the resistor value (Rb) should be 1V divided by the input bias current (20nA) or 50mΩ. However, when you add noise from external sources to the high impedance, a resistor value of 100Ω to 100kΩ is more practical.

In Figure 3-7B, the signal source itself provides the bias return path; therefore, you do not need to use bias return resistors. Rs is the signal source resistance while Rv is the resistance required to balance the bridge. Note that the negative side of the bridge supply must be returned to analog ground.

Figure 3-7

Connecting differential voltage inputs (shown for Channel 0)

Floating Signal Source

DC Supply

Bridge

Analog In 0

Analog In 0 Return

Analog In 0

Analog In 0 Return

Analog Ground

TB1

TB2

TB1

TB34

STP-3110 Panel

You can use resistor R1 to connect the low side of channel 0 to analog ground.

TB34

STP-3110 Panel

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Installation and Configuration 3-17

Note that since they measure the difference between the signals at the high (+) and low (−) inputs, differential connections usually cancel any common-mode voltages, leaving only the signal. However, if you are using a grounded signal source and ground loop problems arise, connect the differential signals to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel as shown in Figure 3-8. In this case, make sure that the low side of the signal (−) is connected to ground at the signal source, not at the STP-3110 screw terminal panel, and do not tie the two grounds together.

Figure 3-8

Connecting differential voltage inputs from a grounded signal source (shown for Channel 0)

STP-3110 Panel

TB1

TB2

TB34

Grounded Signal Source

Signal Source Ground V

Analog In 0

Analog In 0 Return

Analog Ground

Resistor R1 should be installed for bias return in case the external ground is ﬂoating.

Connecting current loop inputs

Figure 3-9 shows how to connect a current loop input (channel 0, in this case) to the STP-3110

screw terminal panel.

Figure 3-9

Connecting current inputs to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (shown for Channel 0)

4 to 20mA

Analog Input 0

TB1

R17

TB2

STP-3110 Panel

TB50 TB51

Analog Input 0 Return

Analog Ground

Analog Shield

Use current shunt resistor R17 to convert current to voltage; 250Ω for 4 to 20mA = 1 to 5V. The common side of the external loop supply must either connect to analog ground or, if needed, to a bias return resistor (R1 in this case)

3-18 Installation and Configuration KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Connecting analog output signals

Figure 3-10 shows how to connect analog output voltage signals (channel 0, in this case) to the

STP-3110 screw terminal panel.

Figure 3-10

Connecting analog output voltages to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (shown for Channel 0)

Load

Connecting digital I/O signals

Figure 3-11 shows how to connect a digital input signal (lines 0 and 1 of digital Bank A, in this

case) to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel.

Figure 3-11

Connecting digital inputs to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (Lines 0 and 1, Bank A shown)

TTL Inputs

Analog Output 0

Analog Output 0 Return

Analog Shield

TB41 TB42

Digital I/O Bank A 0

Digital I/O Bank A 1

TB51

STP-3110 Panel

TB89

TB90

Digital Shield

TB105

STP-3110 Panel

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Installation and Configuration 3-19

Figure 3-12 shows how to connect a digital output signal (line 0 of digital Bank B, in this case)

to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel.

Figure 3-12

Connecting digital outputs to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (Line 0, Bank B shown)

0 Out = LED On

TB97

500Ω

Digital Ground

Digital I/O Bank B 0

TB81

STP-3110 Panel

Connecting counter/timer signals

The KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 boards with the STP-3110 screw terminal panel provide user counter/timers that you can use to perform the following operations:

• Event counting

• Frequency measurement

• Pulse output (rate generation, one-shot, and repetitive one-shot)

This section describes how to connect counter/timer signals to perform these operations. Refer to Section 2, “Functional Description,” for more information on using the counter/timers.

3-20 Installation and Configuration KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Connecting event counting signals

Figure 3-13 shows one example of connecting event counting signals to the STP-3110 screw ter-

minal panel using user counter 0. In this example, rising clock edges are counted while the gate is active.

Figure 3-13

Connecting event counting applications to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (shown for Clock Input 0 and External Gate 0)

Signal Source

External Gating Switch

Digital Ground

User Clock Input 0

TB83

Gate 0

Digital Ground

Digital Shield

TB58

TB60

TB61

STP-3110 Panel

TB108

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Installation and Configuration 3-21

Figure 3-14 shows another example of connecting an event counting application to the

STP-3110 screw terminal panel using user counter 0. In this example, a software gate is used to start the event counting operation.

Figure 3-14

Connecting event counting applications to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel without an external gate input (shown for Clock Input 0)

Signal Source

Digital Ground

User Clock Input 0

TB83

Digital Shield

TB58

TB60

TB61

STP-3110 Panel

TB108

3-22 Installation and Configuration KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Figure 3-15 shows an example of how to externally cascade two counters to perform an event

counting operation using user counters 0 and 1. Note that you can also internally cascade counters using software; if you internally cascade the counters, you do not have to make the external cascading connections. Note also that this example shows the use of an external gate; however, this connection is not required.

Figure 3-15

Cascading counters (shown for event counting using Counters 0 and 1 and External Gate 0)

User

Signal Source

Digital Ground

User Clock Input 0

Gate 0

Gate 1

TB83

TB58

TB59

TB60

TB61

TB62

TB64

Counter Output 0

User Clock Input 1

External Gating Switch

STP-3110 Panel

Digital Ground

TB108

Digital Shield

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Installation and Configuration 3-23

Connecting frequency measurement signals

You can connect a frequency measurement application to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel in two ways.

The ﬁrst conﬁguration uses the same wiring as an event counting application that does not use an external gate signal (see Figure 3-14) the software uses the Windows timer to specify the duration of the frequency measurement. In this conﬁguration, the frequency of the clock input is the number of counts divided by the duration of the Windows timer.

If you need more accuracy than the Windows timer provides, you can connect a pulse of a known duration (such as a one-shot output of another user counter) to the external gate input, as shown in Figure 3-16. In this conﬁguration, the frequency of the clock input is the number of counts divided by the period of the external gate input.

Figure 3-16

Connecting frequency measurement applications to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (shown for Clock Input 0 and External Gate 0)

Signal Source

Digital Ground

Digital Shield

User Clock Input 0

Gate 0

TB83

TB58

TB60

TB61

TB63

STP-3110 Panel

TB108

User Counter Output 1

3-24 Installation and Configuration KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Connecting pulse output signals

Figure 3-17 shows one example of connecting a pulse output application to the STP-3110 screw

terminal panel using user counter 0. Other combinations of signals can be used.

Figure 3-17

Connecting pulse output applications to the STP-3110 screw terminal panel (shown for Counter Output 0 and Gate 0)

External Gating Switch

Heater Controller

User Counter Output 0

Digital Ground

TB83

Gate 0

Digital Ground

Digital Shield

TB59 TB60

TB61

STP-3110 Panel

TB108

Figure 3-18 shows an example of how to externally cascade two counters to perform a rate gen-

eration operation using user counters 0 and 1. Note that you can also internally cascade counters using software; if you internally cascade the counters, you do not have to make the external cascading connections. In this example, counter 1 gate is logic high.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Installation and Configuration 3-25

Figure 3-18

Cascading counters (shown for rate generation using Counters 0 and 1 and External Gate 0)

User Counter Output 0

User Clock Input 1

Signal Source

External Gating Switch

Digital Ground

User Clock Input 0

Gate 0

Digital Ground

Digital Shield

TB57

TB58

TB59 TB60

TB61

TB62

STP-3110 Panel

TB108

Figure 3-19 shows an example of how to externally cascade two counters to perform a one-shot

operation using user counters 0 and 1. Note that you can also internally cascade counters using software; if you internally cascade the counters, you do not have to make the external cascading connections. In this example, counter 0 gate is logic high.

Figure 3-19

Cascading counters (shown for one-shot using Counters 0 and 1 and External Gate 1)

Signal Source

One-Shot Trigger

Digital Ground

User Clock Input 0

Digital Ground

Gate 1

Digital Shield

TB57 TB58

TB64

STP-3110 Panel

TB108

TB59

TB61

TB62

User Counter Output 0

User Clock Input 1

Testing the Board

4-2 Testing the Board KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

The test panels are small applications programs within DriverLINX that allow you to perform limited data acquisition functions. You can use the panels to do tasks such as:

• Monitor one or two analog input channels on-screen.

• Set the levels of one or two analog output channels.

• Monitor and set digital input and output bits.

Test panels are designed primarily for testing the functions of your board. However, one panel in particular—the Analog I/O panel—can be useful for limited routine tasks.

This section describes how to use the DriverLINX Analog I/O Panel and DriverLINX Test Panel utilities to verify the operation of your KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board.

DriverLINX analog I/O panel

The DriverLINX Analog I/O Panel is an application that demonstrates analog input/output using DriverLINX. With the Analog I/O Panel you can:

• Analyze analog signals using the two-channel Oscilloscope.

• Measure analog voltages using the Digital Volt Meter.

• Generate Sine, Square and Triangle waves using the SST Signal Generator.

• Output DC Level voltages using the Level Control.

• Set and read all digital input and output bits on your board.

The Analog I/O Panel is useful for:

• Testing the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board DriverLINX installation and conﬁguration.

• Verifying signal inputs to your KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board.

• Sending test signals to external devices.

• Controlling the DC output voltages of two analog output channels.

• Setting and reading all digital input and output bits on your board.

Start the DriverLINX Analog I/O Panel as follows:

1. In the Start menu, click Programs.

2. Find the DriverLINX → Test Panels folder, under which you should ﬁnd the AIO Panel

entry.

3. Click on the AIO Panel entry. The Analog I/O Panel setup screen appears.

• If a KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board is the only board in your computer installed under

DriverLINX, only one item appears under Driver Selection.

• If more than one type of board is installed in your computer under DriverLINX, the Ana-

log I/O Panel will list multiple drivers under Driver Selection and multiple devices listed under Device Selection (for example, Device0, Device1, etc.).Your board type and device number may not be displayed initially. If so, click the scroll buttons next to the Driver Selection and Device Selection text boxes until your KPCI-3110 board type and device number are displayed.

4. Select the Logical Device you want to operate by dragging the pointer in the Device Selection section. The Analog I/O Panel displays the Scope, Meter, SST, Level control tabs, and Digital I/O, depending on the capabilities of your KPCI-3110 board.

5. The Scope uses two analog input channels, referred to as ChA and ChB. Drag the channel selectors in the AI Channel Mapping section to map them to different channel numbers.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Testing the Board 4-3

6. The SST Signal Generator uses two analog output channels, referred to as ChA and ChB. Drag the channel selectors in the AO Channel Mapping section to map them to different channel numbers.

7. The Analog I/O Level Control determines the DC output voltages of two analog output channels.

8. The Digital I/O Control allows you to set and read all digital input and output bits on your board.

You can now select the Scope, Meter, SST, Level Control, and Digital I/O tabs to operate your KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board.

Calibration

5-2 Calibration KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Introduction

The KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards are calibrated at the factory and should not require calibration for initial use. It is recommended that you check and, if necessary, readjust the calibration of the analog I/O circuitry on the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards every six months.

NOTE Ensure that you installed the DriverLINX software prior to using the

DriverLINX KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 Calibration Utility. Refer to the DriverLINX Online Documentation for more information.

This section describes how to run the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 DriverLINX Calibration Utility and calibrate the analog I/O circuitry of the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards.

Objectives

For analog inputs, the objective of this procedure is to zero the offsets and adjust the combined gain of the A/D converter and instrumentation ampliﬁer. For analog outputs, the objective is to independently zero the offset and adjust the gain for each of the digital-to-analog converters (DACs) on your KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board.

Calibration summary

Analog inputs and outputs are calibrated using a DC calibrator, a DVM/DMM, and the DriverLINX Calibration Utility. (The DriverLINX Calibration Utility was installed on your computer when you installed the DriverLINX software.) No calibration potentiometers must be adjusted. No test points on the board are used. Only connections to the I/O connector pins, via a screw terminal accessory, are needed.

Equipment

The following equipment is needed to calibrate your KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board:

• A digital voltmeter (DVM) or digital multimeter (DMM) accurate to 6½ digits, such as a

Keithley Model 2000.

• An STP-3110 screw terminal accessory to make analog connections to the board.

• A Keithley CAB-307 cable to connect the screw terminal accessory to the connector of the

KPCI-3110 board.

• A DC calibrator or precisely adjustable and metered power supply having up to a 10VDC

range and accurate to 6½ digits.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Calibration 5-3

Calibration procedure

This section describes the steps required to calibrate the analog inputs and outputs of your KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board.

Preparing for the calibrations

Prepare your system for calibration as follows:

1. Warm up the calibrator and the DVM/DMM.

2. Turn off the host computer.

3. Connect the STP-3110 screw terminal accessory to your KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board, using the CAB-307 cable. Refer to Section 3, “Installation and Conﬁguration,” for more information about connecting these accessories.

4. Turn on the host computer.

5. Start the calibration utility as follows:

a. Click on the Windows Start tab.

b. In the Start menu, click Programs. c. Find the DriverLINX folder and click the Test Panels → KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116

Calibration Utility entry. The Select DriverLINX Device dialog box appears.

d. In the Select DriverLINX Device dialog box, select your board and click OK. The

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 Calibration Utility dialog box appears.

Calibrating the analog inputs

In this part of the procedure, offset and gain adjustments for the analog input and A/D Converter (ADC) circuits are made. Do the following:

1. In the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 Calibration Utility dialog box, click the A/D Calibration tab. The A/D Calibration dialog box appears.

2. To calibrate the analog inputs, follow the on-screen instructions in the The A/D Calibration dialog box.

3. When ﬁnished with the analog input calibration, continue with the next subsection.

Calibrating the analog outputs

The KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 boards each have two independent analog outputs, provided by two digital-to-analog converters (DACs or D/A converters). In this part of the procedure, offset and gain adjustments for the DACs are made. Do the following:

1. In the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 Calibration Utility dialog box, click the D/A Calibration tab. The D/A Calibration dialog box appears.

2. To calibrate each DAC, follow the on-screen instructions in the D/A Calibration dialog box.

Troubleshooting

•

6-2 Troubleshooting KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

General checklist

Should you experience problems using the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board, please follow these steps:

1. Read all the appropriate sections of this manual. Make sure that you have added any “Read This First” information to your manual and that you have used this information.

2. Check your distribution disk for a README ﬁle and ensure that you have used the latest installation and conﬁguration information available.

3. Check that your system meets the requirements stated in this manual.

4. Check that you have installed your hardware properly using the instructions in this manual.

5. Check that you have installed and conﬁgured DriverLINX properly using the instructions in the DriverLINX manuals that come with the DriverLINX software.

If your KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board is not operating properly, use the information in this section to help you isolate the problem. If the problem appears serious enough to require technical support, refer to page 6-6 for information on how to contact an applications engineer.

If you encounter a problem with a KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board, use the instructions in this section to isolate the cause of the problem before calling Keithley for technical support.

Using the DriverLINX event viewer

The DriverLINX Event Viewer displays the Windows system event log. Applications and hardware drivers make entries in the system event log to assist in predicting and troubleshooting hardware and software problems.

DriverLINX uses the event log to report problems during driver loading or unexpected system errors. The event log can assist in troubleshooting resource conﬂicts and DriverLINX conﬁguration errors. If you are having trouble conﬁguring or initializing a Logical Device, check the event log for information from the DriverLINX driver.

Using the DriverLINX Event Viewer, you can view, save and e-mail DriverLINX event log entries under Windows 95/98 or Windows NT. DriverLINX event log entries can help you or technical support troubleshoot data-acquisition hardware and software problems.

Device initialization error messages

During device initialization, DriverLINX performs a thorough test of all possible subsystems on the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board as well as the computer interface. If DriverLINX detects any problems or unexpected responses, it reports an error message to help isolate the problem. The device initialization error messages fall into three basic categories:

“Device not found” — Board address does not match hardware setting or conﬂicts with

another board. Verify the board’s address settings. Also, don’t confuse hexadecimal with decimal addresses in the DriverLINX Device Conﬁgure dialog box.

“Invalid IRQ level” or “Invalid DMA level” — Selected level does not match hardware

setting, conﬂicts with another board’s IRQ/DMA levels, or is dedicated to the computer’s internal functions (COM port, disk drive controller, network adapter, etc.)

“Hardware does not match conﬁguration” — Operating mode/range switch or jumper set-

ting does not match selection(s) made in the DriverLINX Device Conﬁguration dialog box.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Troubleshooting 6-3

Problem isolation

If you encounter a problem with a KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board, perform the following steps to determine whether the problem is in the computer, in the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board, or in the I/O circuitry:

1. Remove power connections to the host computer.

2. Unplug the accessory connector(s) or cable(s) from the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board(s), keeping the connections intact on the accessory or expansion board(s).

3. Remove the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board(s) from the computer and visually check for damage. If a board is obviously damaged, refer to page 6-7 for information on returning the board.

4. With the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board(s) out of the computer, check the computer for proper operation. Power up the computer and perform any necessary diagnostics.

5. When you are sure that the computer is operating properly, remove computer power again, and install a KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board that you know is functional. Do not make any I/O connections.

6. Apply computer power and check operation with the functional KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board in place. This test checks the computer accessory slot. If you are using more than one KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board, check the other slots you are using.

7. If the accessory slots are functional, check the I/O hookups. Connect the accessory and expansion boards, one at a time, and check operation.

8. If operation is normal, the problem is in the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board(s) originally in the computer. Try the KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board(s) one at a time in the computer to determine which is faulty. Use the troubleshooting information in the next section to try to isolate the problem.

9. If you cannot isolate the problem using the general instructions here, refer to Appendix C, “Systematic Problem Isolation” for a more detailed problem isolation scheme.

10. If you cannot isolate the problem after further investigation, refer to page 6-6 for instructions on getting technical support.

6-4 Troubleshooting KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Troubleshooting table

If you still experience problems, try using the information in Table 6-1 to isolate and solve the problem. If you cannot identify the problem, refer to “Technical support,” starting on page 6-6.

Table 6-1

Troubleshooting problems

Symptom Possible Cause Possible Solution

Board does not respond.

Intermittent operation.

Data appears to be invalid.

Computer does not boot.

System lockup. Board is not seated

The board conﬁguration is incorrect.

The board is incorrectly aligned in a PCI expansion slot.

The board is damaged. Contact Keithley Instruments. Loose connections or

vibrations exist. The board is overheating. Check environmental and ambient temperature;

Electrical noise exists. Check your wiring and either provide better

An open connection exists.

A transducer is not connected to the channel being read.

The board is set up for differential inputs while the transducers are wired as single-ended inputs or vice versa.

Board is not seated properly.

The power supply of the computer is too small to handle all the system resources.

properly.

Check the conﬁguration of your device driver to ensure that the board name and type are correct.

Check that the slot in which your KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board is located is a PCI slot and that the board is correctly seated in the slot.

Check your wiring and tighten any loose connections or cushion vibration sources.

consult the board’s speciﬁcations in the Appendix of this manual and the documentation provided by your computer manufacturer for more information.

shielding or reroute unshielded wiring. Check your wiring and ﬁx any open

connections. Check the transducer connections.

Check your wiring and ensure that what you specify in software matches your hardware conﬁguration.

Check that the slot in which your KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board is located is a PCI slot, that the board is correctly seated in the slot, and that the board is secured in the slot with a screw.

Check the power requirements of your system resources and, if needed, get a larger power supply; consult the board’s speciﬁcations in the Appendix of this manual.

Check that the slot in which your KPCI-3110 or KPCI-3116 board is located is a PCI slot, that the board is correctly seated in the slot, and that the board is secured in the slot with a screw. Try another slot, if available.

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Troubleshooting 6-5

Testing the board and host computer

To isolate the problem to the KPCI-3110 board or to the host computer, use the following steps.

CAUTION Removing a board with the power ON can cause damage to your

board and/or computer.

1. Turn the power to the host computer OFF, and remove power connections to the computer.

2. While keeping connections to accessories intact, unplug the cable to the main I/O connector of the KPCI-3110 board.

3. Remove the board from the computer and visually check for damage. If a board is obviously damaged, refer to “Technical support” for information on returning the board.

4. With the KPCI-3110 board out of the computer, check the computer for proper operation. Power up the computer and perform any necessary diagnostics.

At this point, if you have another KPCI-3110 board that you know is functional, you can test the slot and I/O connections using the instructions in the next section. If you do not have another board, call technical support.

Testing the accessory slot and I/O connections

When you are sure that the computer is operating properly, test the computer accessory slot and I/O connections using another KPCI-3110 board that you know is functional. To test the computer accessory slot and the I/O connections, follow these steps:

1. Remove computer power again, and install a KPCI-3110 board that you know is functional. Do not make any I/O connections.

2. Turn computer power ON and check operation with the functional board in place. This test checks the computer accessory slot. If you were using more than one board when the problem occurred, use the functional board to also test the other slot.

3. If the accessory slots are functional, use the functional board to check the I/O connections. Reconnect and check the operation of the I/O connections, one at a time.

4. If operation fails for an I/O connection, check the individual inputs one at a time for shorts and opens.

5. If operation remains normal to this point, the problem is in the KPCI-3110 board(s) originally in the computer. If you were using more than one board, try each board one at a time in the computer to determine which is faulty.

6. If you cannot isolate the problem using the general instructions here, refer to Appendix C, “Systematic Problem Isolation” for a more detailed problem isolation scheme.

7. If you cannot isolate the problem, refer to the following paragraph for information on obtaining technical support.

6-6 Troubleshooting KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Technical support

Before returning any equipment for repair, call Keithley for technical support at:

1-888-KEITHLEY Monday - Friday, 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time

An applications engineer will help you diagnose and resolve your problem over the telephone.

Please make sure you have the following information available before calling the factory for technical support:

KPCI-3110 Board Conﬁguration

Computer Manufacturer

Operating System DOS version

Software Package Name

Compiler (if applicable)

Accessories Type

Model Serial # Revision code Base address setting Interrupt level setting Number of channels

CPU type Clock speed (MHz) KB of RAM Video system BIOS type

Windows version Windows mode

Serial # Version Invoice/Order #

Language Manufacturer Version

Type Type Type Type Type Type Type

____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________

____________________ ____________________ ____________________

____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________

____________________ ____________________ ____________________

____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________

•

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Troubleshooting 6-7

Returning equipment to Keithley

If a telephone resolution is not possible, the applications engineer will issue you a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and ask you to return the equipment. Include the RMA number with any documentation regarding the equipment.

When returning equipment for repair, include the following information:

Your name, address, and telephone number. The invoice or order number and date of equipment purchase. A description of the problem or its symptoms. The RMA number on the outside of the package.

Repackage the equipment, using the original anti-static wrapping, if possible, and handle it with ground protection. Ship the equipment to:

ATTN.: RMA# _______ Repair Department Keithley Instruments, Inc. 28775 Aurora Road Cleveland, Ohio 44139

Telephone 1-888-KEITHLEY FAX (440) 248-6168

NOTE

If you are submitting your equipment for repair under warranty, you must include the invoice number and date of purchase.

To enable Keithley to respond as quickly as possible, you must include the RMA number on the outside of the package.

Speciﬁcations

A-2 Specifications KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Table A-1 lists the speciﬁcations for the A/D subsystem on the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116

boards.

Table A-1

A/D subsystem speciﬁcations

Feature KPCI-3110 Speciﬁcations KPCI-3116 Speciﬁcations

Number of analog input channels Single-ended/ pseudo-differential: Differential:

Number of gains 4 (1, 2, 4, 8)

Resolution 12 bits 16 bits

Data encoding Bipolar: Unipolar:

System accuracy (full-scale) Gain = 1: Gain = 2: Gain = 4: Gain = 8:

Nonlinearity (integral) ±1.0 LSB ±2.0 LSB

Differential linearity ±0.75 LSB (no missing codes)

Range Bipolar: Unipolar:

Drift Zero: Gain:

Input impedance Off: On:

Input bias current ±20nA

Common mode voltage ±11V maximum (operational)

Maximum input voltage ±20V maximum (protection)

A/D converter noise 0.3 LSB rms 0.5 LSB rms Ampliﬁer input noise 15.0µV rms + (20µV rms * gain)

Channel-to-channel offset ±40.0µV ±30.0µV Channel acquisition time 1µs to 0.05% 4µs to 0.01% A/D conversion time 0.8µs 4.0µs

Effective number of bits @ 1kHz sine wave, 2 channels:

10kHz sine wave, 2 channels:

sine wave, 2 channels:

Total Harmonic Distortion @ 1kHz input

0.03%

0.04%

0.05%

±30µV + (+15µV * Gain)/°C ±30 ppm/°C

100MΩ, 10pF 100MΩ, 200pF

20.0pA rms (current)

11.7 bits typical (1 MS/s aggregate rate)

11.6 bits typical (1 MS/s aggregate rate)

11.5 bits typical (1 MS/s aggregate rate with sine wave of 40kHz)

−71dB typical (at 1.25 MS/s rate) −82dB typical (at 250 kS/s rate)

32 16

Offset binary

Binary

0.01%

0.02%

0.03%

±10V

0 to 10V

±20µV + (+10µV * Gain)/°C ±25 ppm/°C

100MΩ, 10pF 100MΩ, 200pF

14.4 bits typical (at 150 kS/s aggregate rate)

14.2 bits typical (at 150 kS/s aggregate rate)

13.5 bits typical (at 150 kS/s aggregate rate with sine wave of 20kHz)

KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual Specifications A-3

Table A-1

A/D subsystem speciﬁcations (cont.)

Feature KPCI-3110 Speciﬁcations KPCI-3116 Speciﬁcations

Channel crosstalk −80 dB @ 1kHz

Data throughput Single channel: Multiple channel (scan):

External A/D sample clock Input type: Input load: High-level input voltage: Low-level input voltage: Hysteresis: High-level input current: Low-level input current: Minimum pulse width: Maximum frequency: Termination:

External A/D digital (TTL) trigger Input type: Input load: High-level input voltage: Low-level input voltage: Hysteresis: High-level input current: Low-level input current: Minimum pulse width: Termination:

External analog trigger Input type: Threshold voltage: Threshold range: Threshold resolution: Hysteresis: Input impedance: Maximum input voltage: Minimum pulse width:

1.25 MSamples/s, 0.03% accuracy

1.0 MSamples/s, 0.05% accuracy 750 kSamples/s, 0.03% accuracy

Schmitt trigger, falling-edge sensitive 1 HCT14 (TTL)

2.0V minimum

0.8V maximum

0.4V (minimum); 1.5V (maximum)

1.0µA

−1.0µA 100ns (high); 150ns (low)

1.25MHz 22kΩ resistor pullup to 5V

Schmitt trigger, falling-edge sensitive 1 HCT14 (TTL)

2.0V minimum

0.8V maximum

0.4V (minimum); 1.5V (maximum)

1.0µA

−1.0µA 100ns (high); 100ns (low) 22kΩ resistor pullup to +5V

Threshold sensitive Programmable

−10V to +10V (includes TTL) 8 bits/78 mV per LSB 50mV typical 12kΩ/20pF typical ±20V 100ns (high); 100ns (low)

250 kSamples/s, 0.01% accuracy 200 kSamples/s, 0.03% accuracy 150 kSamples/s, 0.01% accuracy

Schmitt trigger, falling-edge sensitive 1 HCT14 (TTL)

2.0V minimum

0.8V maximum

0.4V (minimum); 1.5V (maximum)

1.0µA

−1.0µA 100ns (high); 150ns (low) 250kHz 22kΩ resistor pullup to 5V

A-4 Specifications KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 User’s Manual

Table A-1

A/D subsystem speciﬁcations (cont.)

Feature KPCI-3110 Speciﬁcations KPCI-3116 Speciﬁcations

A/D sample clock output signal Output driver: Output driver high voltage:

ALS244 (TTL)

2.0V minimum (IOH = −15mA);

2.4V minimum (IOH = −3mA)

Output driver low voltage:

0.5V maximum (IOL = 24mA);

0.4V maximum (IOL = 12mA)

Termination:

22Ω series resistor

A/D trigger output signal Output driver: Output driver high voltage:

ALS244 (TTL)

2.0V minimum (I

= −15mA);

2.4V minimum (IOH = −3mA)

Output driver low voltage:

0.5V maximum (IOL = 24mA);

0.4V maximum (IOL = 12mA)

Termination:

22Ω series resistor

Dynamic Digital Output Channels Number of channels: Output driver: Output driver high voltage:

2 ALS244 (TTL)

2.0V minimum (IOH = −15mA);

2.4V minimum (IOH = −3mA)

Output driver low voltage:

0.5V maximum (IOL = 24mA);

0.4V maximum (IOL = 12mA)

Termination:

22Ω series resistor

Tektronix KPCI-3110, KPCI-3116 User manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Safety Precautions

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

List of Tables

Preface

Intended audience

What you should learn from this manual

Viewing the KPCI-3110 and KPCI-3116 documentation online

Conventions used in this manual

Related information

Where to get help

Overview

Introduction

Features

DriverLINX software

System requirements

Software

Accessories

Functional Description

Analog input features

Analog output features

Digital I/O features

Counter/timer features

Unpacking

Installing the software

Installing the board

Attaching the STP-3110 screw terminal panel

Wiring signals

Testing the Board

DriverLINX analog I/O panel

Calibration

Introduction

Calibration procedure

Troubleshooting

General checklist

Using the DriverLINX event viewer

Problem isolation

Troubleshooting table

Testing the board and host computer

Testing the accessory slot and I/O connections

Technical support

Returning equipment to Keithley