Tektronix KPCI-1800HC Primary User

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KPCI-1800HC Series

PCI Bus Data Acquisition Board User’s Manual

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

WARRANTY

Hardware

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants that, for a period of three (3) years from the date of shipment, the Keithley Hardware product will be free from defects in materials or workmanship. This warranty will be honored provided the defect has not been caused by use of the Keithley Hardware not in accordance with the instructions for the product. This warranty shall be null and void upon: (1) any modiﬁcation of Keithley Hardware that is made by other than Keithley and not approved in writing by Keithley or (2) operation of the Keithley Hardware outside of the environmental speciﬁcations therefore.

Upon receiving notiﬁcation of a defect in the Keithley Hardware during the warranty period, Keithley will, at its option, either repair or replace such Keithley Hardware. During the ﬁrst ninety days of the warranty period, Keithley will, at its option, supply the necessary on site labor to return the product to the condition prior to the notiﬁcation of a defect. Failure to notify Keithley of a defect during the warranty shall relieve Keithley of its obligations and liabilities under this warranty.

Other Hardware

The portion of the product that is not manufactured by Keithley (Other Hardware) shall not be covered by this warranty, and Keithley shall have no duty of obligation to enforce any manufacturers' warranties on behalf of the customer. On those other manufacturers’ products that Keithley purchases for resale, Keithley shall have no duty of obligation to enforce any manufacturers’ warranties on behalf of the customer.

Software

Keithley warrants that for a period of one (1) year from date of shipment, the Keithley produced portion of the software or ﬁrmware (Keithley Software) will conform in all material respects with the published speciﬁcations provided such Keithley Software is used on the product for which it is intended and otherwise in accordance with the instructions therefore. Keithley does not warrant that operation of the Keithley Software will be uninterrupted or error-free and/or that the Keithley Software will be adequate for the customer's intended application and/or use. This warranty shall be null and void upon any modiﬁcation of the Keithley Software that is made by other than Keithley and not approved in writing by Keithley.

If Keithley receives notiﬁcation of a Keithley Software nonconformity that is covered by this warranty during the warranty period, Keithley will review the conditions described in such notice. Such notice must state the published speciﬁcation(s) to which the Keithley Software fails to conform and the manner in which the Keithley Software fails to conform to such published speciﬁcation(s) with sufﬁcient speciﬁcity to permit Keithley to correct such nonconformity. If Keithley determines that the Keithley Software does not conform with the published speciﬁcations, Keithley will, at its option, provide either the programming services necessary to correct such nonconformity or develop a program change to bypass such nonconformity in the Keithley Software. Failure to notify Keithley of a nonconformity during the warranty shall relieve Keithley of its obligations and liabilities under this warranty.

Other Software

OEM software that is not produced by Keithley (Other Software) shall not be covered by this warranty, and Keithley shall have no duty or obligation to enforce any OEM's warranties on behalf of the customer.

Other Items

Keithley warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.

Items not Covered under Warranty

This warranty does not apply to fuses, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instructions.

Limitation of Warranty

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modiﬁcation made by Purchaser without Keithley's express written consent, or by misuse of any product or part.

Disclaimer of Warranties

EXCEPT FOR THE EXPRESS WARRANTIES ABOVE KEITHLEY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEITHLEY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE OTHER HARDWARE AND OTHER SOFTWARE.

Limitation of Liability

KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS SHALL IN NO EVENT, REGARDLESS OF CAUSE, ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR OR BE LIABLE FOR: (1) ECONOMICAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES, WHETHER CLAIMED UNDER CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY, (2) LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO THE CUSTOMER'S DATA OR PROGRAMMING, OR (3) PENALTIES OR PENALTY CLAUSES OF ANY DESCRIPTION OR INDEMNIFICATION OF THE CUSTOMER OR OTHERS FOR COSTS, DAMAGES, OR EXPENSES RELATED TO THE GOODS OR SERVICES PROVIDED UNDER THIS WARRANTY.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168

1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) • www.keithley.com

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KPCI-1800HC

PCI Bus Data Acquisition Board

User’s Manual

Windows and WindowsNT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

DriverLINX is a registered trademark of Scientiﬁc Software Tools, Inc.

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Second Printing, March 1999

Document Number: 98220 Rev. B

Manual Print History

The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page.

Revision A (Document Number 98220) ............................................................................................February 1999

Revision B (Document Number 98220) ................................................................................................March 1999

All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualiﬁed personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the product. Refer to the manual for complete product speciﬁcations.

If the product is used in a manner not speciﬁed, the protection provided by the product may be impaired.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use

and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is operated within its speciﬁcations and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be

trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product

to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform

safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Installation Category I and Installation Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O signals are Installation Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over-voltages. Installation Category II connections require protection for high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the Manual.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test ﬁxtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect

that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of

the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power disconnect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its speciﬁcations and operating instructions or the safety of the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as deﬁned in the speciﬁcations and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test ﬁxture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against ﬁre hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.

If you are using a test ﬁxture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a lid interlock.

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If or is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans. Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and

all test cables.

To maintain protection from electric shock and ﬁre, replacement components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments ofﬁce for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

1 Overview

Preface ................................................................................................................................................................ 1-2

Hardware characteristics .................................................................................................................................... 1-3

Specifications ..................................................................................................................................................... 1-4

System requirements .......................................................................................................................................... 1-4

Software ........................................................................................................................................................... 1-4

Accessories ......................................................................................................................................................... 1-5

2 Functional Description

Analog input features ......................................................................................................................................... 2-2

Understanding and choosing analog input modes ...................................................................................... 2-3

Throughput ................................................................................................................................................. 2-8

Data conversion modes ............................................................................................................................ 2-11

Clock sources ........................................................................................................................................... 2-12

Triggers .................................................................................................................................................... 2-13

Gates ......................................................................................................................................................... 2-18

Analog output features ..................................................................................................................................... 2-19

Digital input and output features ..................................................................................................................... 2-19

General purpose digital inputs and outputs .............................................................................................. 2-19

External pacer clock (XPCLK) digital control input ............................................................................... 2-19

Trigger in (TGIN) digital control input .................................................................................................... 2-19

Strobe (DOSTB) digital control output .................................................................................................... 2-20

Trigger-out (TGOUT) digital control output ........................................................................................... 2-20

Power ............................................................................................................................................................... 2-21

3 Installation

Installing the software ........................................................................................................................................ 3-2

Software options ........................................................................................................................................ 3-2

Installing DriverLINX ................................................................................................................................ 3-3

Installing application software and drivers ................................................................................................ 3-3

Installing and wiring to the KPCI-1800HC Series board ................................................................................... 3-4

Installing the board ..................................................................................................................................... 3-5

Checking the combined board and DriverLINX installations .................................................................... 3-6

Identifying I/O connector pin assignments for KPCI-1800HC series ....................................................... 3-7

Connecting interface accessories to a KPCI-1800HC Series board ......................................................... 3-10

Wiring analog input signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-17

Wiring analog output signals ................................................................................................................... 3-24

Wiring digital input and output signals .................................................................................................... 3-25

Synchronizing multiple boards ................................................................................................................. 3-28

Wiring +5V and ±15V power to external circuits ................................................................................... 3-30

4 DriverLINX Test Panels

DriverLINX Analog I/O Panel ........................................................................................................................... 4-2

Starting the Analog I/O Panel ..................................................................................................................... 4-5

Using the Analog I/O Panel ........................................................................................................................ 4-6

DriverLINX Calibration Utility .......................................................................................................................... 4-6

DriverLINX Digital I/O Test Panel .................................................................................................................... 4-7

Starting the Digital I/O Test Panel ............................................................................................................. 4-8

Using the Digital I/O Test Panel ................................................................................................................ 4-8

5 Calibration

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 5-2

Objectives ................................................................................................................................................... 5-2

Calibration summary .................................................................................................................................. 5-2

Equipment ................................................................................................................................................... 5-2

Calibration procedure ......................................................................................................................................... 5-3

Preparing for the calibrations ..................................................................................................................... 5-3

Calibrating the analog inputs .................................................................................................................... 5-4

Calibrating the analog outputs ................................................................................................................... 5-6

Finishing ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-8

6 Troubleshooting

Identifying symptoms and possible causes ......................................................................................................... 6-2

Systematic problem isolation ............................................................................................................................. 6-3

Specified hardware I/O tests ............................................................................................................................. 6-25

Analog input hardware test ....................................................................................................................... 6-25

Analog output hardware test .................................................................................................................... 6-31

Digital I/O hardware test .......................................................................................................................... 6-35

Specified software I/O tests .............................................................................................................................. 6-40

Analog input software test ........................................................................................................................ 6-40

Analog output software test ...................................................................................................................... 6-42

Digital I/O software test ........................................................................................................................... 6-45

Technical support ............................................................................................................................................. 6-49

A Speciﬁcations

KPCI-1801HC specifications ............................................................................................................................ A-2

Analog Inputs, KPCI-1801HC .................................................................................................................. A-2

Analog Outputs, KPCI-1801HC ................................................................................................................ A-4

Clock/Timer, KPCI-1801HC ..................................................................................................................... A-4

Digital I/O, KPCI-1801HC ........................................................................................................................ A-5

Power, KPCI-1801HC ............................................................................................................................... A-5

Environment, KPCI-1801HC .................................................................................................................... A-6

Accessories, KPCI-1801HC ...................................................................................................................... A-6

KPCI-1802HC specifications ............................................................................................................................ A-7

Analog Inputs, KPCI-1802HC .................................................................................................................. A-7

Analog Outputs, KPCI-1802HC ................................................................................................................ A-9

Clock/Timer, KPCI-1802HC ..................................................................................................................... A-9

Digital I/O, KPCI-1802HC ..................................................................................................................... A-10

Power, KPCI-1802HC ............................................................................................................................ A-10

Environment, KPCI-1802HC .................................................................................................................. A-10

Accessories, KPCI-1802HC .................................................................................................................... A-11

B Connector pin assignments

Pin assignments for KPCI-1800HC Series I/O connector ................................................................................ B-2

Pin assignments for STA-1800HC and CONN-1800HC 37-pin D connectors ................................................ B-4

C Glossary

iii

List of Illustrations

2 Functional Description

Figure 2-1 Block diagram of KPCI-1800HC board ..................................................................................................... 2-2

Figure 2-2 Multiplexing of 32 channels in differential input mode ............................................................................ 2-4

Figure 2-3 Multiplexing of 64 channels in single-ended input mode .......................................................................... 2-5

Figure 2-4 Channel-gain queue example ..................................................................................................................... 2-7

Figure 2-5 Paced mode and burst mode timing for a queue of channels 4 to 7 ......................................................... 2-12

Figure 2-6 Enabling conversions with software triggers ........................................................................................... 2-14

Figure 2-7 Enabling conversions with hardware triggers .......................................................................................... 2-15

Figure 2-8 Trigger acquisition modes ........................................................................................................................ 2-17

Figure 2-9 Enabling conversions with gates .............................................................................................................. 2-18

Figure 2-10 Timing relationship between data from DO0 to DO7 and latch strobe DOSTB ..................................... 2-20

Figure 2-11 Timing for the generation of TGOUT ...................................................................................................... 2-21

3 Installation

Figure 3-1 Connectors on the KPCI-1800HC Series board ......................................................................................... 3-4

Figure 3-2 Pin assignments for the I/O connector of the KPCI-1800HC Series boards ............................................. 3-7

Figure 3-3 Connecting an STP-100 screw terminal accessory .................................................................................. 3-11

Figure 3-4 Pin assignments for the I/O connector of the STP-100 accessory and the main

I/O connectors of the STA-1800HC and CONN-1800HC accessories ............................................. 3-12

Figure 3-5 Connecting an STA-1800HC screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board ..................... 3-13

Figure 3-6 CJC temperature circuit ........................................................................................................................... 3-14

Figure 3-7 Location of CJC circuit screw terminals (TB11) on STA-1800HC accessory ........................................ 3-15

Figure 3-8 Connecting a CONN-1800HC accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board ............................................ 3-16

Figure 3-9 Connecting MB01 module racks (backplanes) to an STA-1800HC or a CONN-1800HC ...................... 3-17

Figure 3-10 Analog and digital ground path ................................................................................................................ 3-18

Figure 3-11 Wiring a signal source to a board configured for single-ended inputs .................................................... 3-19

Figure 3-12 Wiring a floating signal source to differential inputs: three common examples ..................................... 3-20

Figure 3-13 Satisfactory differential input connections for ground-referenced signals that avoid a ground loop ...... 3-22

Figure 3-14 Improper differential input connection, which creates a ground loop error ............................................ 3-23

Figure 3-15 Analog and digital ground path ................................................................................................................ 3-24

Figure 3-16 Analog and digital ground path ................................................................................................................ 3-26

Figure 3-17 Contact de-bounce circuit ........................................................................................................................ 3-26

Figure 3-18 Two connection schemes for synchronizing multiple boards .................................................................. 3-28

Figure 3-19 Analog and digital ground path ................................................................................................................ 3-30

4 DriverLINX Test Panels

Figure 4-1 Analog I/O Panel oscilloscope utility ......................................................................................................... 4-2

Figure 4-2 Analog I/O Panel digital voltmeter utility .................................................................................................. 4-3

Figure 4-3 Analog I/O Panel function generator utility ............................................................................................... 4-3

Figure 4-4 Analog I/O Panel output level control utility ............................................................................................. 4-4

Figure 4-5 Analog I/O Panel digital I/O utility ............................................................................................................ 4-4

Figure 4-6 Analog I/O Panel setup screen when only a KPCI-1800HC series board is

installed under DriverLINX ................................................................................................................. 4-5

Figure 4-7 Analog I/O Panel setup screen example when multiple board types are installed under DriverLINX ...... 4-6

Figure 4-8 DriverLINX Digital I/O Test Panel ............................................................................................................ 4-7

Figure 4-9 Open DriverLINX dialog box .................................................................................................................... 4-8

5 Calibration

Figure 5-1 KPCI-1800 Calibration Utility dialog box example ................................................................................... 5-3

Figure 5-2 Example of a Calibrate A/D dialog box ..................................................................................................... 5-4

Figure 5-3 Example of a Calibrate DAC dialog box .................................................................................................... 5-7

6 Troubleshooting

Figure 6-1 Problem isolation Scheme A: basic system ................................................................................................ 6-5

Figure 6-2 Problem isolation Scheme B: installation ................................................................................................... 6-8

Figure 6-3 Analog I/O Panel setup screen when only KPCI-1800HC series boards are

installed under DriverLINX ................................................................................................................. 6-9

Figure 6-4 Analog I/O Panel example setup screen when multiple board types are installed under DriverLINX .... 6-10

Figure 6-5 Listing of improperly configured/installed KPCI-1800HC Series board ................................................. 6-11

Figure 6-6 Appearance of device manager listing when KPCI-1800HC Series board is

properly configured/installed ............................................................................................................. 6-12

Figure 6-7 Example of a DriverLINX Configuration Panel before a KPCI-1800HC Series board is configured ..... 6-13

Figure 6-8 Example of a DriverLINX Configuration Panel after a KPCI-1800HC Series board is configured ....... 6-13

Figure 6-9 Selecting the logical device number ......................................................................................................... 6-14

Figure 6-10 Configure DriverLINX Device dialog box example ................................................................................ 6-15

Figure 6-11 Device Change message ........................................................................................................................... 6-15

Figure 6-12 Problem isolation Scheme C: application software .................................................................................. 6-18

Figure 6-13 Problem isolation Scheme D: expansion slot connectors ......................................................................... 6-21

Figure 6-14 Problem isolation Scheme E: user wiring ................................................................................................ 6-22

Figure 6-15 Problem isolation Scheme F: the board .................................................................................................... 6-23

Figure 6-16 Problem isolation Scheme G: verification of problem solution ............................................................... 6-24

Figure 6-17 Analog I/O Panel setup screen when only a KPCI-1800HC series board is

installed under DriverLINX ............................................................................................................... 6-27

Figure 6-18 Analog I/O Panel setup screen example when multiple board types are installed under DriverLINX .... 6-28

Figure 6-19 On-screen digital voltmeter display example: channel 0 connected to ground ........................................ 6-29

Figure 6-20 On-screen digital voltmeter display example: channel 1 connected to flashlight battery ........................ 6-30

Figure 6-21 Analog I/O Panel setup screen when only a KPCI-1800HC series board is

installed under DriverLINX ............................................................................................................... 6-32

Figure 6-22 Analog I/O Panel setup screen example when multiple board types are installed under DriverLINX .... 6-33

Figure 6-23 On-screen analog-output level control ..................................................................................................... 6-34

Figure 6-24 Example of Open DriverLINX dialog box ............................................................................................... 6-37

Figure 6-25 DriverLINX Digital I/O Test Panel .......................................................................................................... 6-37

Figure 6-26 Output bit pattern 1 of digital I/O hardware test ...................................................................................... 6-38

Figure 6-27 Proper input-bit responses to bit pattern 1 of digital I/O hardware test ................................................... 6-38

Figure 6-28 Output bit pattern 2 of digital I/O hardware test ...................................................................................... 6-38

Figure 6-29 Proper input-bit responses to bit pattern 2 of digital I/O hardware test ................................................... 6-39

Figure 6-30 Output bit pattern 3 of digital I/O hardware test ...................................................................................... 6-39

Figure 6-31 Proper input-bit responses to bit pattern 3 of digital I/O hardware test ................................................... 6-39

Figure 6-32 Output bit pattern 4 of digital I/O hardware test ...................................................................................... 6-40

Figure 6-33 Proper input-bit responses to bit pattern 4 digital I/O hardware test ....................................................... 6-40

Figure 6-34 Output bit pattern 1 of digital I/O software test ....................................................................................... 6-46

Figure 6-35 Proper input-bit responses to bit pattern 1 of digital I/O software test .................................................... 6-46

Figure 6-36 Output bit pattern 2 of digital I/O software test ....................................................................................... 6-47

Figure 6-37 Proper input-bit responses to bit pattern 2 of digital I/O software test .................................................... 6-47

Figure 6-38 Output bit pattern 3 of digital I/O software test ....................................................................................... 6-47

Figure 6-39 Proper input-bit responses to bit pattern 3 of digital I/O software test .................................................... 6-48

Figure 6-40 Output bit pattern 4 of digital I/O software test ....................................................................................... 6-48

Figure 6-41 Proper input-bit responses to bit pattern 4 of digital I/O software test .................................................... 6-48

B Connector pin assignments

Figure B-1 Pin assignments for the main I/O connector of KPCI-1800HC Series boards ......................................... B-2

Figure B-2 Pin assignments for the main I/O connectors of the STA-1800HC, STP-100, and CONN-1800HC ....... B-3

Figure B-3 Connector J1 ............................................................................................................................................. B-4

Figure B-4 Connector J2 ............................................................................................................................................. B-4

Figure B-5 Connector J3 ............................................................................................................................................. B-5

Figure B-6 Accessory Connector J4 ............................................................................................................................ B-5

vii

List of Tables

1 Overview

Table 1-1 System requirements .................................................................................................................................. 1-4

Table 1-2 Interface accessories for KPCI-1800HC Series boards ............................................................................. 1-5

2 Functional Description

Table 2-1 Gains, ranges, and resolutions for the KPCI-1801HC ............................................................................... 2-6

Table 2-2 Gains, ranges, and resolutions for the KPCI-1802HC ............................................................................... 2-7

Table 2-3 Maximum throughput for channel-to-channel sampling at fixed gain: bipolar mode ............................... 2-9

Table 2-4 Maximum throughput for channel-to-channel sampling at fixed gain: unipolar mode ............................. 2-9

Table 2-5 Maximum KPCI-1801HC throughput when changing gain between channels: bipolar mode ................ 2-10

Table 2-6 Maximum KPCI-1801HC throughput when changing gain between channels: unipolar mode .............. 2-10

Table 2-7 Maximum KPCI-1802HC throughput when changing gain between channels: bipolar mode ................ 2-10

Table 2-8 Maximum KPCI-1802HC throughput when changing gain between channels: unipolar mode .............. 2-11

3 Installation

Table 3-1 Descriptions for A side pins ....................................................................................................................... 3-8

Table 3-2 Descriptions for B side pins ....................................................................................................................... 3-9

Table 3-3 Interface accessories for KPCI-1800HC Series boards ........................................................................... 3-10

Table 3-4 CAB-1800 Series cables .......................................................................................................................... 3-11

Table 3-5 Analog output terminals on STA-1800HC and STP-100 accessories ..................................................... 3-25

Table 3-6 General purpose and control digital I/O terminals for STA-1800HC and STP-100 accessories ............. 3-27

Table 3-7 Power output terminals for STA-1800HC and STP-100 accessories ...................................................... 3-31

6 Troubleshooting

Table 6-1 Basic troubleshooting information ............................................................................................................. 6-2

Table 6-2 Wiring for analog input hardware test ..................................................................................................... 6-26

Table 6-3 Screw terminals to which DVM/DMM is connected in analog output hardware test ............................. 6-31

Table 6-4 Test connections and correct readings for zero-voltage analog output .................................................... 6-34

Table 6-5 Test connections and correct readings for mid-range analog output,

during analog output hardware tests .................................................................................................. 6-35

Table 6-6 Wiring for digital I/O hardware test ......................................................................................................... 6-36

Table 6-7 Wiring for analog input software test ....................................................................................................... 6-41

Table 6-8 Screw terminals to which DVM/DMM is connected in analog output software test .............................. 6-43

Table 6-9 Test connections and correct readings for zero-voltage analog output .................................................... 6-44

Table 6-10 Test connections and correct readings for mid-range analog output

during analog output software tests ................................................................................................... 6-44

Table 6-11 Wiring for digital I/O software test .......................................................................................................... 6-45

Overview

•

1-2 Overview KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Preface

This manual is provided for persons needing to understand the installation, interface requirements, functions, and operation of the KPCI-1801HC and KPCI-1802HC boards. The two models differ only in available gains. Unless this manual refers speciﬁcally to a KPCI-1801HC board or a KPCI-1802HC board, it refers to the two models collectively as a KPCI-1800HC Series board.

This manual focuses primarily on describing the KPCI-1800HC Series boards and their capabilities, setting up the boards and their associated software, making typical hookups, and operating the test-panel software. There are also sections on calibration and troubleshooting.

To follow the information and instructions contained in this manual, you must be familiar with the operation of Windows 95, 98, or NT, with basic data-acquisition principles, and with your application. However, if you ﬁnd unfamiliar terms in this manual, check the glossary in Appendix C. To locate topics discussed in this manual, search the index.

The

KPCI-1800HC Series User's Manual is organized as follows:

Section 1 describes general features and system requirements and summarizes supporting software and accessories for the KPCI-1800HC Series boards.

Section 2 describes operating features of the boards in more detail. This section contains a block diagram and brief descriptions of the features as they relate to setting up and using the board.

Section 3 contains software descriptions and installation notes and instructions for the following: inspecting the board, installing the board, checking the board and software installation, installing accessories, and connecting signals.

Section 4 summarizes the test panels that are available in the DriverLINX software. Section 5 discusses how to calibrate your board using the DriverLINX calibration utility. Section 6 contains detailed procedures for isolating problems with your data acquisition sys-

tem. This section also contains instructions for obtaining technical support. Appendix A contains speciﬁcations for the KPCI-1800HC Series boards. Appendix B provides pin assignments for the KPCI-1800HC Series board I/O connector and

for the four 37-pin accessory connectors of the STA-1800HC and CONN-1800HC accessories.

Appendix C is a glossary of key terms used in this manual. A detailed index completes this manual.

•

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Overview 1-3

This section summarizes general hardware characteristics of the KPCI-1800HC board, computer system requirements to run the board, and software that can be used with the board.

Hardware characteristics

The KPCI-1801HC and KPCI-1802HC are high-performance PCI-bus data acquisition boards for PC-compatible computers running Windows 95, 98, or NT. The KPCI-1801HC is a highgain board, while the KPCI-1802HC is a low-gain board.

PCI-bus data acquisition boards such as the KPCI-1800HC Series, have two major advantages over ISA-bus data acquisition boards:

The PCI-bus Plug and Play feature allows a user to install the data acquisition board without making manual system conﬁgurations. Upon system power-up or reset, the PCI-bus Plug and Play feature automatically conﬁgures the board for your system, eliminating the need to set DIP switches on the board.

Cleaner, faster, direct data transfer to and from memory using bus mastering to bypass the CPU.

Data transfer occurs at speeds up to 132 MB/sec rate for the PCI bus, versus 8.33 MB/sec maximum for the ISA bus, due to the 32 bit width and 33 MHz clock speed of the PCI bus.

Data transfer causes minimal interruptions to normal processing.

Major features of KPCI-1800HC Series boards include the following:

The following analog input characteristics:

Software-conﬁgurable for 64 single-ended or 32 differential analog input channels. Software-conﬁgurable individual gains for each analog input channel. The

KPCI-1801HC provides gains of 1, 5, 50, and 250. The KPCI-1802 provides gains of 1, 2, 4, and 8.

Analog data conversion speeds up to 333 ksamples/s with 12-bit resolution. A 64-location channel/gain queue which supports high-speed sampling of analog input

channels at identical or different gains in any desired sequence. A 2048 sample FIFO (First In First Out) data buffer for the A/D converter that ensures

data integrity at high sampling rates. Software-selectable edge-polarity detection for hardware trigger and gate signals which

are used to start and stop analog-to-digital data conversions. Two analog outputs from two independent 12-bit DACs (Digital-to-Analog Converters). Two general-purpose digital inputs and two combination digital inputs which can be conﬁg-

ured by software as either general-purpose inputs or control inputs. Eight general-purpose digital outputs and three digital control outputs. The control outputs

include a strobe output to coordinate data movement from the outputs and latching into the registers of other equipment.

Optional target-mode (pass-through) data transfer capability in addition to bus mastering. Both target-mode data transfer, which is sometimes referred to as pass-through operation, and bus mastering data transfer are software-conﬁgurable. To maximize the speed of analog I/O, the KPCI-1800HC Series boards normally implement the bus mastering mode. The target mode provides a simple access port to the PCI bus for digital I/O.

Very fast board control via a ﬁeld-programmable gate array (FPGA) instead of a microprocessor. (Refer to glossary for more information about FPGAs).

100-pin I/O connector that requires only one slot on the rear panel of the PC.

For more detailed information on these features, refer to Section 2, Functional Description .

•

1-4 Overview KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Speciﬁcations

General speciﬁcations are listed in Appendix A. I/O connections are identiﬁed in Section 3 and Appendix B.

System requirements

The system capabilities required to run the KPCI-1800HC Series board, and to use the DriverLINX software supplied with the board, are listed in Table 1-1.

Table 1-1

System requirements

CPU Type Operating system

Pentium or higher processor on motherboard with PCI bus version 2.1 Windows 95 or 98 Windows NT version 4.0 or higher

Software

Memory

Hard disk space

Other

* Any CD-ROM drive that came installed with the required computer should be satisfactory. However, if you have post-installed an older CD-ROM drive or arrived at your present system by updating the microprocessor or replacing the motherboard, some early CD-ROM drives may not support the long ﬁle names often used in 32 bit Windows ﬁles.

The user can select a fully integrated data acquisition software package such as TestPoint or LabVIEW or write a custom program supported by DriverLINX.

DriverLINX is the basic Application Programming Interface (API) for the KPCI-1800HC series boards:

It supports programmers who wish to create custom applications using Visual C/C++, Visual Basic, or Delphi.

It accomplishes foreground and background tasks to perform data acquisition. It is the needed interface between TestPoint and LabVIEW and a KPCI-1800HC Series

board.

16 MB or greater RAM when running Windows 95 or 98 32 MB or greater RAM when running Windows NT 4 MB for minimum installation 50 MB for maximum installation A CD-ROM drive* A free PCI-bus expansion slot capable of bus mastering

Enough reserve computer power supply capacity to power the KPCI-1800HC Series board, which draws 10W at 5VDC and 6W at +12VDC.

DriverLINX software and user’s documentation on a CD-ROM are included with your board.

TestPoint is an optional, fully featured, integrated application package with a graphical dragand-drop interface which can be used to create data acquisition applications without programming.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Overview 1-5

LabVIEW is an optional, fully featured graphical programming language used to create virtual instrumentation.

Refer to Section 3, Installation , for more information about DriverLINX, TestPoint, and LabView.

Accessories

Accessories available to interface your KPCI-1800HC board to external circuits are listed in Table 1-2.

Table 1-2

Interface accessories for KPCI-1800HC Series boards

Functional Description

2-2 Functional Description KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

This section describes features of the following KPCI-1800HC Series board sections: the analog input, the analog output, and the digital I/O. These descriptions help familiarize you with operating options and enable you to make the best use of your board.

NOTE

The block diagram in Figure 2-1 represents both the KPCI-1801HC and the KPCI-1802HC.

Figure 2-1

Block diagram of KPCI-1800HC board

AMCC S5933

PCI BUS

Boot

ROM

PCI Interface Circuitry

Control

Pass-

Through

Data

PassThrough Address

FIFO

Timer

82C54

ROM

Decode Module

PCI/S5933

Handshake

Control

Timing

Control

Prescaler

÷2, ÷10, ÷5

Boot

Field Programmable

Gate Array

10MHz

Clock

Features described in this section are typically conﬁgured using custom or commercial application software which interfaces to your KPCI-1800HC Series board via DriverLINX. For information on how to conﬁgure and apply these features, consult the appropriate manuals. Application software developers should consult your DriverLINX manuals located on the DriverLINX CD-ROM shipped with your board. Application software users should consult the manuals provided by the vendor or developer of your software.

Input

Multiplexer

DAC Out

± 10V Out

DAC Out

64 Single-Ended

. . . . . . .

QRAM

Analog to

Digital

Control

Digital

To Analog

Control

Digital I/O

Control

Data Control

FIFO

DAC0

12 Bits

DAC1

12 Bits

Mux & Gain Control

Data

Control

Analog

Digital

Converter

12 Bits

Buffer

Latch

Instrumentation

Amplifier

Data In

DI [3...0]

Data Out

DO [7...0]

TGIN SSHD

XPCLK

TGOUT

Analog Inputs

32 Differential

. . . . . . .

Input

Protection

Analog input features

This section discusses the following:

•

Understanding and choosing the software-conﬁgurable analog input modes.

•

Maximum data throughput speciﬁcations and tips on optimizing throughput.

•

Signal conversion modes.

•

Signal conversion clock sources.

•

The use of triggers and gates to start and stop signal conversions.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Functional Description 2-3

Understanding and choosing analog input modes

Using software, you can select between various analog input options as follows:

• The differential input mode or the single-ended input mode for all channels.

• The unipolar input mode or the bipolar input mode for all channels.

• The input channels to be scanned to the instrumentation ampliﬁer, in any order or

combination.

• The instrumentation ampliﬁer gain to be used at each step in the input scan. The next four subsections, as well as the subsequent section entitled Optimizing throughput,

explain these options and provide guidance for making choices.

Understanding the analog inputs

Each KPCI-1800HC Series board provides 64 analog input terminals. These terminals are conﬁgurable by software either as single-ended inputs or, in pairs, as differential inputs. Each single-ended or differential input is commonly referred to as an input channel. The characteristics of single ended and differential inputs are as follows:

• A single-ended input measures the voltage at one input terminal relative to a common ground. When the 64 analog input terminals are conﬁgured as single-ended, you can connect each of the 64 input terminals to 64 external signals, maximum. In other words, each KPCI-1800HC Series board provides up to 64 single-ended input channels.

• A differential input measures the difference between the voltages at two input terminals, designated input-high and input-low. Signals at both the input-high and input-low terminals are referenced to a common ground. When the 64 analog input terminals are conﬁgured for differential input, you can connect 32 external signals, maximum, because a pair of input terminals is needed for each differential input. In other words, each KPCI-1800HC Series board provides up to 32 differential input channels.

Differential inputs reject the common mode voltage, the voltage that each “sees” in common, except for a small fraction determined by the common mode rejection ratio (refer to the glossary in Appendix C). Differential inputs are commonly used to:

- Reject noise and other unwanted voltages in a signal ground.

- Reject a common power supply voltage, such as the excitation voltage of a bridge circuit.

A single-ended input cannot reject these voltages. Refer to Section 3, Wiring analog input signals for more information about using differential inputs.

Signals from all 64 single-ended inputs or 32 differential inputs are ampliﬁed by one instrumentation ampliﬁer — a type of high performance differential ampliﬁer — and are digitized by one 12-bit analog-to-digital converter (A/D converter or ADC). This is made possible by a time-sharing arrangement in which inputs are scanned and connected intermittently to the instrumentation ampliﬁer and A/D converter according to a user-deﬁned sequence. The inputs are connected through a pair of 32-channel multiplexers, each of which is effectively a solidstate 32-pole, single-throw switch. Additional solid-state switches connecting the multiplexer to the instrumentation ampliﬁer determine whether inputs are conﬁgured as differential or singleended.

2-4 Functional Description KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

When the inputs are conﬁgured as differential inputs, the two multiplexers act together as a 32-pole, double throw switch, connecting one input signal at a time to both the high and low terminals of the instrumentation ampliﬁer. See Figure 2-2.

Figure 2-2

Multiplexing of 32 channels in differential input mode

NOTE: Channel 31 is shown connected to the instrumentation amplifier and A/D converter.

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Inputs

(Multiplexer)

–

Signal

Source #31

32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58

MUX1

AGND (Analog Ground), which may be tied to the [–] terminal of source. Refer to Section 3,

Wiring analog inputs,

about grounding with differential inputs.

59 60 61 62 63 Inputs

MUX2

(Multiplexer)

for more information

Ground)

Instrumentation

amplifier*

*Programmable-Gain Instrumentation Amplifier (PGIA)

AGND

(Analog

analog-to-digital

= –

To 12-bit

converter

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Functional Description 2-5

When the inputs are conﬁgured as single-ended inputs, the input-low terminal of the instrumentation ampliﬁer is connected to ground. At any given time, only one multiplexer is active. The active multiplexer connects only one pole of a signal source to the input-high terminal of the instrumentation ampliﬁer. See Figure 2-3.

Figure 2-3

Multiplexing of 64 channels in single-ended input mode

To 12-bit

analog-to-digital

converter

Instrumentation

amplifier*

= –

*Programmable-Gain Instrumentation Amplifier (PGIA)

AGND

(Analog

Ground)

NOTE: Channel 31 is shown connected to the instrumentation amplifier and A/D converter.

–

Signal

Source #31

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Inputs

AGND

(Analog

Ground)

MUX1

(Multiplexer)

32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63

Inputs

MUX2

(Multiplexer)

–

Signal

Source #63

AGND

(Analog

Ground)

2-6 Functional Description KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Choosing between the differential and single-ended input modes

Generally, you should use a differential input for a low-level signal having a signiﬁcant noise component and/or for a signal having a non-zero common-mode voltage. You should use a single-ended input for a high-level signal having a relatively small noise component.

There is no absolute level at which one of these input conﬁgurations becomes more effective than the other. However, you should generally use a differential input for a voltage range of 100mV or below.

NOTE You must specify all analog inputs to be either all differential or all

single-ended. You cannot use a mixture of differential and single-ended inputs.

Choosing between the unipolar and bipolar input modes

Using software, you can conﬁgure the KPCI-1800HC Series boards to operate in either the unipolar or bipolar input mode. A unipolar signal is always positive (0 to +5V, for example). A bipolar signal can swing between positive and negative values (±5V maximum, for example). For exapmle, an unbiased sinusoidal AC signal is bipolar.

For maximum resolution, use the bipolar mode only if you must measure signals having both positive and negative polarity. The KPCI-1800HC Series boards represent a unipolar signal as an unsigned 12 bit number and a bipolar signal as a 2’s complement 12 bit number. Because one bit of a 2’s complement number is effectively used up as a sign bit, a bipolar range provides only half the resolution of a unipolar range of the same magnitude. Looked at another way, the dual polarity of the bipolar range effectively doubles the magnitude that must be covered by the same 12 bits. For example, the 12 bits must cover a span of 10V for a ±5V, bipolar range [+5V – (-5V) = 10V]. However, the 12-bits must only cover a span of 5V for a 0 to 5V, unipolar range [+5V – (0V) = 5V].

Resolutions for unipolar and bipolar inputs are listed in the next section in Tables 2-1 and 2-2.

NOTE You must specify all analog inputs to be either all unipolar or all bipo-

lar. You cannot use a mixture of unipolar and bipolar inputs.

Table 2-1

Gains, ranges, and resolutions for the KPCI-1801HC

Unipolar Bipolar

Gain

1 0 to 5V 1.2mV −5.0 to +5.0V 2.4mV 5 0 to 1V 240µV −1.0 to +1.0V 490µV 50 0 to 100mV 24µV −100 to +100mV 49µV 250 0 to 20mV 4.9µV −20 to +20mV 9.8µV

Range Resolution Range Resolution

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Functional Description 2-7

Table 2-2

Gains, ranges, and resolutions for the KPCI-1802HC

Unipolar Bipolar

Gain

Range Resolution Range Resolution

1 0.0 to +10.0V 2.4mV −10 to +10V 4.9mV 2 0.0 to +5.0V 1.2mV −5.0 to +5.0V 2.4mV 4 0 to 2.5V 610µV −2.5 to + 2.5V 1.2mV 8 0 to 1.25V 310µV −1.25 to +1.25V 610µV

Choosing channel gains and positions in the scan sequence

Each channel may be assigned an individual gain and a particular position in a channel-gain queue. The channel gain queue is a user-deﬁned scan sequence that speciﬁes both the position in the sequence and the gain at which each channel is scanned. Up to sixty-four gains and positions may be speciﬁed in the channel-gain queue, without regard to sequential channel number. Channel numbers may be skipped or be repeated in the queue if desired. For example, by repeating a channel number in the queue, you can do the following:

• Sample some channels more frequently than others.

• Provide extra settling time to wash out residual signals between gain changes.

• Provide extra samples for averaging.

Figure 2-4 illustrates use of a channel-gain queue.

Figure 2-4

Channel-gain queue example

Position

in queue

Channel

number

Channel

gain*

* Note: Gains available on the KPCI-1801HC are used in this illustration. Though gains available on the

1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10

21 03 11 11 21 09 25 25 21 07 00 29 17

250 250 50 50 50 50 5 5 5 5 1 1 1

KPCI-1802HC are different, the capabilities of the channel-gain queue are otherwise identical.

49th50th51

All 64 combinations of gain and position in the channel-gain queue are held in a 64-position RAM. You need not specify channels and gains for all 64 positions of the channel-gain queue.

Available gains and corresponding input ranges are listed in Table 2-1 for the KPCI-1801HC and in Table 2-2 for the KPCI-1802HC.

NOTE Optimum selection and sequencing of channel gains may be affected by

your required throughput and by noise and other stray signals. Refer to “Optimizing throughput” for general recommendations about channelgain selection and sequencing. Refer to “Avoiding wiring problems at high gain” in Section 3 for recommendations to minimize signal errors at high gains.

The gains and positions in the channel-gain queue are speciﬁed using software.

2-8 Functional Description KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Throughput

Throughput is the maximum rate at which the data acquisition card can perform repetitive conversions within a speciﬁed accuracy. Signal throughput depends on the gain settings for individual channels and for adjacent channels in the channel-gain queue. This section discusses general recommendations to optimize throughput and lists KPCI-1800HC Series throughput for speciﬁc conditions.

Optimizing throughput

Because you can change input ranges on a per-channel basis, throughput is likely to drop if you group channels with varying gains in sequence. This throughput drop occurs for two reasons. Firstly, channels with low-level inputs (100mV or less) are inherently slower than channels with high-level inputs signals left by high-level inputs. Secondly, extra settling time is required for low-level inputs to wash out residual signals. The best way to maximize throughput is to use a combination of sensible channel grouping and external signal conditioning. When using the channel-gain queue, consider the following suggestions:

• Put all channels that use the same range in the same group, even if you must arrange the channels out of sequence.

• To acquire low-level signals at high-speeds, preamplify the signal to the maximum input range of the board using external signal. External ampliﬁcation increases total system throughput and reduces noise.

• If low-level inputs are relatively slow and high-level inputs are relatively fast, maintain two channel lists: one for slow inputs and the other for fast inputs.

• If some channels are not used, you can provide extra settling time for a channel that is used, as follows:

- Assign two (or more) consecutive, identical channel-gain entries to this channel.

- Ignore the measurement results from the ﬁrst channel-gain entry.

This approach allows the input signal measured through the ﬁrst entry to largely wash out residuals before the same input signal is measured through the second entry.

You must take special care when directly measuring low-level signals with the KPCI-1801HC. When using the ±20mV, 0 to 20mV, ±100mV, or 0 to 100mV ranges, measurement throughput drops for two reasons:

• The ampliﬁer settles more slowly (particularly in the ±20mV and 0 to 20mV ranges).

• Noise in the measurements is higher and therefore requires post-acquisition ﬁltering (averag-

ing) to achieve accurate results.

Because the KPCI-1801HC has a very high bandwidth — about 8 to 10MHz for low level signals — any noise is ampliﬁed and digitized. Therefore, you must measure low-level signals carefully to minimize noise effects.

Low-level transducers are best used with signal conditioning. Always use the differential input mode when making measurements with the ±20mV, 0 to 20mV, ±100mV, and 0 to 100mV ranges.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Functional Description 2-9

Subsequent sections show throughput for various conﬁgurations. Note that these throughputs are based on driving an input with an ideal voltage source. The output impedance and drive capabilities of the source are far more critical when making large gain changes between two channels, especially when the gains are at opposite extremes of the input range. Examples follow:

• Consider the measurement of a signal near −20mV just after measurement of a signal near

+5V. You get better performance when driving adjacent channels at the same gain.

• The source must be able to drive both the capacitance of the cable and the RC for the multiplexer and board (the product of the multiplexer resistance and output capacitance). The multiplexer typically presents about 1kΩ (2kΩ maximum) in series with 150pF output capacitance.

Throughput for channel-to-channel sampling at ﬁxed gain

If you are sampling at only one channel at any gain, the maximum throughput is 333 ksamples/s.

If you are sampling multiple channels at a ﬁxed gain, the maximum throughput for channel-tochannel sampling is as listed in Table 2-3 for bipolar mode and in Table 2-4 for unipolar mode. In both cases, a 0.024% maximum error applies, assuming an ideal voltage source.

Table 2-3

Maximum throughput for channel-to-channel sampling at ﬁxed gain: bipolar mode

KPCI-1801HC Range KPCI-1802HC Range Throughput

— ±10.0V 312.5 ksamples/s ±5.00V ±5.00V 312.5 ksamples/s — ±2.50V 312.5 ksamples/s — ±1.25V 312.5 ksamples/s ±1.00V — 312.5 ksamples/s ±100mV — 312.5 ksamples/s ±20mV — 75 ksamples/s

Table 2-4

Maximum throughput for channel-to-channel sampling at ﬁxed gain: unipolar mode

KPCI-1801HC range KPCI-1802HC range Throughput

— 0 to 10.0V 312.5 ksamples/s 0 to 5.00V 0 to 5.00V 312.5 ksamples/s — 0 to 2.50V 312.5 ksamples/s — 0 to 1.25V 312.5 ksamples/s 0 to 1.00V — 312.5 ksamples/s 0 to 100mV — 200 ksamples/s 0 to 20mV — 60 ksamples/s

2-10 Functional Description KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Throughput for channel-to-channel sampling at variable gain

If you have a KPCI-1801HC board and are changing gains between channels, the maximum throughputs are as listed in Table 2-5 for bipolar mode and in Table 2-6 for unipolar mode. In both cases, a 1 LSB (Least Signiﬁcant Bit) maximum error applies, assuming an ideal voltage source.

Table 2-5

Maximum KPCI-1801HC throughput when changing gain between channels: bipolar mode

When changing range...

From ±5.0V From ±1.0V From ±100mV From ±20mV

To ±5V To ±1.0V To ±100mV To ±20mV

312.5 ksamples/s 250 ksamples/s 200 ksamples/s 70 ksamples/s 250 ksamples/s 312.5 ksamples/s 312.5 ksamples/s 70 ksamples/s 200 ksamples/s 312.5 ksamples/s 312.5 ksamples/s 70 ksamples/s 70 ksamples/s 70 ksamples/s 70 ksamples/s 75 ksamples/s

Maximum throughput

Table 2-6

Maximum KPCI-1801HC throughput when changing gain between channels: unipolar mode

When changing range...

From 0 to 5.0V From 0 to 1.0V From 0 to 100mV From 0 to 20mV

If you have a KPCI-1802HC board and are changing gains between channels, the maximum throughputs are as listed in Table 2-7 for bipolar mode and in Table 2-8 for unipolar mode. In both cases, a 1 LSB (Least Signiﬁcant Bit) maximum error applies, assuming an ideal voltage source.

To 0 to 5V To 0 to 1.0V To 0 to 100mV To 0 to 20mV

312.5 ksamples/s 200 ksamples/s 200 ksamples/s 50 ksamples/s 200 ksamples/s 312.5 ksamples/s 250 ksamples/s 60 ksamples/s 200 ksamples/s 250 ksamples/s 250 ksamples/s 60 ksamples/s 50 ksamples/s 60 ksamples/s 60 ksamples/s 60 ksamples/s

Maximum throughput

Table 2-7

Maximum KPCI-1802HC throughput when changing gain between channels: bipolar mode

When changing range...

From ±10.0V From ±5.0V From ±2.50V From ±1.25V

To ±10.0V To ±5.0V To ±2.50V To ±1.25V

312.5 ksamples/s 312.5 ksamples/s 312.5 ksamples/s 312.5 ksamples/s

Maximum throughput

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Functional Description 2-11

Table 2-8

Maximum KPCI-1802HC throughput when changing gain between channels: unipolar mode

When changing range...

From 0 to 10.0V From 0 to 5.0V From 0 to 2.5V From 0 to 1.25V

Data conversion modes

KPCI-1800HC Series boards support two data-conversion modes: paced mode and burst mode. The conversion rate for each mode is controlled by an independent clock: the pacer clock for paced mode and the burst-mode conversion clock for burst mode.

Paced conversion mode

The paced mode, which is the default data-conversion mode, is the best mode for continuous, constant-rate scanning of each channel in a queue of channels. In the paced mode, one channel in the channel-gain queue is sampled and converted each time the pacer clock emits a pulse. The entire channel-gain queue is scanned at a rate equal to the pacer clock rate divided by the number of channels in the queue. Therefore, the sample rate — the rate at which an individual channel in the queue is repetitively sampled — is also equal to the pacer clock rate, divided by the number of channels in the queue. See Figure 2-5. The internal pacer clock is programmable from

0.0012Hz to 333kHz.

Maximum throughput

To 0 to 10.0V To 0 to 5.0V To 0 to 2.5V To 0 to 1.25V

312.5 ksamples/s 312.5 ksamples/s 250 ksamples/s 200 ksamples/s

312.5 ksamples/s 312.5 ksamples/s 250 ksamples/s 200 ksamples/s 250 ksamples/s 250 ksamples/s 312.5 ksamples/s 200 ksamples/s 200 ksamples/s 200 ksamples/s 200 ksamples/s 312.5 ksamples/s

Burst conversion mode

The burst conversion mode is the best mode to use if you need to complete scans of the entire channel-gain queue quickly — close to simultaneously — and initiate scans of the entire queue at a signiﬁcantly lower rate. For example, you would use the burst mode if you wish to complete scans of the entire queue at 1000 conversions/sec but wish to initiate scans of the entire queue only every second.

In the burst mode, each pulse from the pacer clock initiates a burst of pulses from the burst clock which are emitted at the burst clock rate. Each pulse from the burst clock causes one channel in the queue to be sampled and converted, and burst clock pulses continue until the entire queue is scanned. In summary, scans of the channel-gain queue are repetitively initiated at a rate equal to the pacer clock rate, and scans of the queue are completed at a rate equal to the burst clock rate. Therefore, the sample rate — the rate at which an individual channel in the queue is repetitively sampled — is also equal to the pacer clock rate. See Figure 2-5.

2-12 Functional Description KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Figure 2-5

Paced mode and burst mode timing for a queue of channels 4 to 7

Pacer Clock

Paced Mode Conversions CH4

Burst Mode Conversions

Burst Clock

Clock sources

KPCI-1800HC Series boards provide two conversion clocks: a pacer clock and a burst mode clock. The use of these clocks in the paced and burst conversion modes is described in Data con- version modes and summarized in Figure 2-5. The clock sources themselves are described in the following subsections.

Pacer clock sources

The following clock sources may be used for paced mode conversions on KPCI-1800HC Series boards:

• Software clock source

• Hardware clock source, internal (Internal pacer clock source)

• Hardware clock source, external (External pacer clock source)

CH5

CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7

KPCI-1800HC Series boards allow you to acquire single samples under program control. In other words, conversions are controlled through the Windows interface rather than by hardware signals. When using a software conversion clock, the host computer issues a command to initiate a conversion. The host polls the board to determine if the conversion is complete. When the conversion is complete, the host reads the data from the A/D converter and returns the value.

Software-initiated conversions are suitable for measuring DC voltages. However, in applications where you must accurately control the sampling rate (as when measuring time-varying signals), using either an internal or external hardware clock source is recommended, as described below.

The internal, onboard pacer clock source uses counters of the onboard 82C54 counter/timer, in combination with a crystal-controlled time base running at 5MHz (a crystal output of 10MHz, immediately divided by 2). You can program the internal pacer clock rate from

0.0012Hz to 333kHz. You can use the internal pacer clock source to pace events other than analog-to-digital con-

versions. However, all events timed by the internal pacer clock source are paced at the same rate.

An external pacer clock source is an externally applied TTL-compatible signal attached to the DI0/XPCLK pin (B39) of the main I/O connector, J1.The active edge of the signal that is recognized as a clock pulse — either a positive, rising edge or a negative, falling edge — is software selectable.

By using an external pacer clock source, you can sample at rates unavailable from the 82C54 counter/timer, at uneven intervals, or in response to external events. An external pacer clock source also allows you to synchronize multiple boards via a common timing signal.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Functional Description 2-13

You can use the external pacer clock source in the paced conversion mode to pace individual analog-to-digital conversions. You can use the external pacer clock source in the burst conversion mode to pace space bursts of conversions. Refer to Figure 2-5.

NOTE The A/D converter converts samples at a maximum of 333 ksamples/s

(one sample every 3.0µs), and the practical throughput is generally lower. Refer to the previous section entitled “Thr oughput”. If you use an external clock, ensure that it does not initiate conversions more frequently than the maximum throughput for your data acquisition setup.

Keep in mind that the maximum sample rate for an individual channel equals the maximum throughput divided by the number of channels in the channel-gain queue.

You cannot simultaneously use an external pacer clock source and the internal pacer clock source. However, you can simultaneously use a software trigger source to start analog input conversions while simultaneously using either an internal or external pacer clock sour ce for other I/O operations.

Burst clock source

Triggers

In the burst mode, the burst clock sets the rate at which burst pulses are emitted and individual channels in the channel-gain queue are converted. The burst clock works with the pacer clock, which sets the rate at which groups of burst pulses are initiated. See Figure 2-5.

Burst clock and pacer clock frequencies are programmable, as follows:

• The burst clock rate can be set from 3921.6Hz to 333kHz. The maximum burst mode conversion clock rate is gain-sensitive, as explained in Throughput.

• The pacer clock rate should be set no higher than the burst clock rate divided by the number of channels in the channel-gain queue.

Triggers are external digital signals or, in some cases, threshold crossings of analog signals. Triggers act at a single instant in time, in contrast to gates, which start analog input operations when the gate is turned on and stop the input operations when the gate is turned off. (Refer also to Gates in this section.)

Trigger sources

Trigger sources may be internal or external, as follows:

• Internal triggers

An internal trigger is a software command that starts or stops data acquisition.

• External digital triggers

An external digital trigger is the rising or falling edge of a TTL-compatible signal that is connected to digital input DI1/TGIN, pin B40 on the I/O.

Use software to conﬁgure the DI1/TGIN input as a trigger (instead of as a gate or as a general-purpose digital input). Also use software to program whether analog input operations start on either positive or negative triggers, which are deﬁned as follows:

- Positive-edge trigger — Triggering occurs on the rising edge of the trigger signal.

- Negative-edge trigger — Triggering occurs on the falling edge of the trigger signal.

•

2-14 Functional Description KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

External analog triggers

An external analog trigger is an event that occurs at a user-selected point on an analog input signal, such as a speciﬁed rising or falling voltage level. An analog trigger is not provided on the KPCI-1800HC Series boards.

Trigger operation and clock source effects

The actual point at which conversions begin depends on whether the clock source is internal or external, as follows:

Internal trigger operation with internal clock source

If conversions are triggered with an internal trigger and timed via an internal pacer clock source, then conversions begin virtually immediately after the trigger, as follows:

1. The 82C54 counter/timer is idle until the internal trigger occurs; after the trigger occurs, the ﬁrst conversion begins virtually immediately.

2. Subsequent conversions are synchronized to the internal clock.

See Figure 2-6.

Internal trigger operation with external clock source

If conversions are triggered with an internal trigger and timed via an external clock source, then analog input operations are triggered as follows:

1. Conversions are armed when the trigger occurs.

2. Conversions begin with the next active edge of the external clock source.

3. Conversions continue with subsequent active edges of the external clock source.

See Figure 2-6.

Figure 2-6

Enabling conversions with software triggers

Software enables conversion process

External Clock Source

Internal Clock Source

Idle State

Conversions begin with internal clock source

Conversions begin with external source (programmed for negative edge)

CountCount Count Count

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Functional Description 2-15

• External trigger operation with internal clock source

If conversions are triggered with an internal trigger and timed via an internal pacer clock source, then analog input operations are triggered as follows:

1. Conversions begin virtually immediately after the internal trigger:

2. The 82C54 counter/timer is idle until the internal trigger occurs. However, after the trigger occurs, the ﬁrst conversion begins within 400ns.

3. Subsequent conversions are synchronized to the internal clock.

See Figure 2-7.

• External trigger operation with external clock source

If conversions are triggered with an internal trigger and timed via an external clock source, then analog input operations are triggered as follows:

1. Conversions are armed when the trigger occurs.

2. Conversions begin with the next active edge of the external clock source.

3. Conversions continue with subsequent active edges of the conversion clock.

See Figure 2-7.

Figure 2-7

Enabling conversions with hardware triggers

Trigger occurs (on positive edge)

TGIN Input

TGOUT Output

External Clock Source

Internal Clock Source

Conversions begin with internal clock source

Idle State

Count Count Count Count

Conversions begin with external source (programmed for negative edge)

Figure 2-7 also shows that a pulse is initiated at the trigger out (TGOUT digital output just following the external trigger pulse at DI1/TGIN. For more information about TGOUT, refer to the section Trigger-out (TGOUT) digital control output.

•

2-16 Functional Description KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Trigger acquisition modes

Depending on your application, you may wish to use a trigger event to do one of the following: to start data collection, to halt data collection after a speciﬁed amount of additional data is collected, or to halt data collection abruptly. Three trigger modes are available in the KPCI-1800HC to accomplish these objectives.

Post-trigger acquisition mode

In post-trigger acquisition, the data to be acquired appears after the trigger event. Posttrigger acquisition, starts after an internal or external trigger event and continues until a speciﬁed number of samples has been acquired or until the operation is stopped by software. See Figure 2-8a. Post-trigger, the most common trigger acquisition mode, has many obvious applications.

About-trigger acquisition mode

In about-trigger acquisition, the data to be acquired appears before and after the trigger event. About-trigger acquisition is started by an internal or external trigger and continues after an external trigger event until a speciﬁed number of samples has been acquired. See Figure 2-8b. For example, if you were performing a car crash safety test, you might wish to do the following:

1. Monitor speed and acceleration up to the point of impact.

2. Emit an accelerometer-based trigger pulse at impact.

3. Monitor crash-dummy impact forces and movement for a ﬁxed number of samples after impact.

Pre-trigger acquisition mode

In the pre-trigger acquisition mode, the data to be acquired appears before the trigger event. A pre-trigger acquisition is started by an internal or external trigger and continues until an external trigger event occurs. See Figure 2-8c. For example, if you were monitoring an experimental process, you might wish to trigger process data acquisition to stop automatically at completion of the process.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Functional Description 2-17

Figure 2-8

Trigger acquisition modes

a. Post-trigger Acquisition

Conversions Occurring

Conversions Stopped

Conversions Occurring

Conversions Stopped

Conversions Occurring

Conversions Stopped

Internal or External Trigger

N Samples done OR software halt

b. About-trigger Acquisition

N Samples

External Digital TriggerInternal or External Trigger

c. Pre-trigger Acquisition

External Digital TriggerInternal or External Trigger

2-18 Functional Description KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Gates

A gate is a digital input that allows conversions to proceed as long as it is active and causes conversions to be halted as long as it is inactive. In other words, conversions can be started and stopped at will by turning the gate input on and off. (By contrast, a trigger acts at a single instant in time. Refer also to Triggers in this section.)

An external gate signal is connected to digital input DI1/TGIN, pin B40 on the I/O connector. This is the same input as used for an external trigger. Software is used to conﬁgure the DI1/TGIN input as a gate (instead of as a trigger or as a general-purpose digital input).

The way conversions are synchronized with a gate signal depends on whether you are using an internal clock or external clock source, as follows:

• Gate operation with internal clock source

When using the gate input with an internal clock, conversions are synchronized with the internal gate signal. When the gate signal becomes active, the 82C54 counter is loaded (or reloaded) with an initial count value and starts counting, and data conversion starts (or resumes). When the gate signal becomes inactive, the 82C54 counter stops and data conversion stops. See Figure 2-9.

• Gate operation with external clock source

When using the gate input with an external clock signal, conversions are synchronized with the external gate signal. When the gate signal becomes inactive, the signal from the external clock continues uninterrupted. See Figure 2-9.

Figure 2-9

Enabling conversions with gates

Digital Trigger

and Gate

Source

External Clock

Source

Internal Clock

Source

1st Conversion 2nd Conversion

Gate Active;

Conversions On

3rd Conversion

2nd Conversion1st Conversion

No Conversion

Gate Inactive;

Conversions Off

4th Conversion

Gate Active

3rd Conversion

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Functional Description 2-19

Analog output features

The analog output section of KPCI-1800HC Series boards consists of two 12-bit DACs (digitalto-analog converters). Each DAC has a ﬁxed voltage range of ±10V and a voltage resolution of

2.4mV [(10V range × 1000mV/V) /2 reset. The two DACs have output current ratings of ±5mA maximum and can drive capacitive loads of up to 100µF.

An analog output voltage changes on command, when an individual voltage value is written to a DAC by software. This method is sometimes referred to as “level control.”

]. The DAC output always initiates to 0V at power-up or

Digital input and output features

KPCI-1800HC Series boards have eight general-purpose digital outputs, two digital control outputs, two general-purpose digital inputs, and two dual-function digital inputs that can be conﬁgured either as general purpose inputs or as control inputs.

Logic 1 on an I/O line indicates that the input/output is high (greater than 2.0V); logic 0 on an I/O line indicates that the input/output is low (less than 0.8V). The digital inputs are compatible with TTL-level signals. These inputs are provided with 10kΩ pull-up resistors connected to +5V; therefore, the inputs appear high (logic 1) if no signal is connected.

General purpose digital inputs and outputs

The digital outputs DO0 through DO7 are ﬁxed as general-purpose digital outputs. Likewise, digital inputs DI2 and DI3 are ﬁxed as general-purpose digital inputs.

The two remaining digital inputs, DI0/XPCLK and DI1/TGIN are dual-purpose inputs. You can conﬁgure them to be general-purpose inputs DI0 and DI1. Alternatively, you can conﬁgure DI0/XPCLK to be an external pacer clock input (XPCLK), and/or you can conﬁgure DI1/TGIN to be an external trigger input (TGIN). (The XPCLK and TGIN control inputs are discussed in the next two sections.)

External pacer clock (XPCLK) digital control input

You can conﬁgure digital input DI0/XPCLK as an external pacer-clock input (XPCLK). Then you can connect DI0/XPCLK to an external hardware-clock source to time analog inputs. However, when DI0/XPCLK is conﬁgured as an external pacer-clock input, you cannot use it as a general-purpose digital input.

You cannot use the external pacer-clock source and the internal pacer-clock source simultaneously. However, you can simultaneously use the software-clock source to start analog input conversions while simultaneously using either an internal or external hardware-clock source for other I/O operations.

Trigger in (TGIN) digital control input

You can conﬁgure digital input line DI1/TGIN as an external digital trigger input or gate input and connect DI1/TGIN to a trigger or gate signal. When DI1/TGIN is conﬁgured as a trigger or gate input, you cannot use it as a general-purpose digital input.

2-20 Functional Description KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Strobe (DOSTB) digital control output

At pin A42 of the I/O connector, each KPCI-1800HC Series board provides a strobe output signal, DOSTB, that can be used to coordinate moving data out of digital outputs and latching this data into registers of other equipment. Use the positive (rising) edge of the strobe signal to move data out of a KPCI-1800HC Series board, and use the negative edge of the strobe signal to latch this data into the other equipment. The strobe pulse is 300ns wide, and using the negative edge of the pulse provides a 300ns lag to allow for delays. Data is valid until the next strobe pulse occurs. See Figure 2-10.

Figure 2-10

Timing relationship between data from DO0 to DO7 and latch strobe DOSTB

300ns Strobe

Strobe

DOSTB

DO[7:0] Data

Trigger-out (TGOUT) digital control output

At pin A41 of the I/O connector, each KPCI-1800HC Series board provides a trigger/gate output signal, TGOUT, that is synchronized with internal and external gate signals. If you use only the internal pacer clock to trigger analog I/O operations, you can use the TGOUT signal to synchronize analog I/O operations at multiple KPCI-1800HC Series boards. Alternatively, you can use the TGOUT signal to trigger or gate user-speciﬁc events. The TGOUT signal has the following properties:

• TGOUT signal with an external trigger input signal

When you start an analog input operation with an external trigger signal at DI1/TGIN, there is a delay of about 200ns between the active edge of the TGIN signal and the positive, rising edge of the TGOUT signal. See Figure 2-11a.

NOTE TGOUT cannot be used with about-trigger acquisitions.

• TGOUT signal with an external gate input signal

When you start an analog input operation via an external gate signal at DI1/TGIN, there is a delay of about 200ns between the active edge at TGIN and the positive, rising edge of TGOUT. See Figure 2-11b.

• TGOUT signal with an internal trigger or gate signal

When you start an analog input operation via an internal trigger/gate, there is a delay of less than 1µs between the active edge of the internal trigger/gate and the positive, rising edge of TGOUT. See Figure 2-11c.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Functional Description 2-21

Figure 2-11

Timing for the generation of TGOUT

Power

TGIN

TGOUT

TGIN

TGOUT

Software Enables Conversions

Internal Trigger/Gate

TGOUT

200ns Typical

a. TGIN as a Trigger

200ns Typical

b. TGIN as a Gate

< 1µs

c. Internal Trigger/Gate

Remains active until conversions are disabled by software

Software Disables Conversions

A KPCI-1800HC Series board requires 10W of +5V power from the host computer power bus and 6W of +12V power from this power bus to operate onboard circuits.

Additional power for light duty external circuits may be drawn directly or indirectly from the host computer power bus at the KPCI-1800HC Series I/O connector. The +5V power from the computer bus is available for external use, at a maximum total current draw of 1A, at pins A47, B47, A48, and B48 of the I/O connector. Part of the ±15V board power, which is developed from the +12V computer bus power by an onboard DC/DC converter, is available for external use at a maximum current draw of ±30mA. The -15V power is available at pin A37 of the I/O connector and the +15V power is available at pin B37 of the I/O connector.

CAUTION Do not connect the +5V outputs or the ±15V outputs to external

power supplies. Connecting these outputs to external power supplies may damage the external supplies, the board, and the computer.

Do not draw more than 1.0A, total, from all +5V outputs combined. Drawing more than 1.0A, total, may damage the board. However, keep in mind that the 5V output comes from the computer power bus. Know the limits of the computer 5V power bus and the current drawn from it by other boards and devices. Other demands on the 5V power bus may limit the current drawn from your board to less than 1.0A.

Do not draw more than 30mA from either the +15V output or the

-15V output. Drawing more than 30mA may damage the board.

Installation

3-2 Installation KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

This section describes system installation, in the following order:

• Software options and installation guidelines. (Note: install the software before installing the hardware.)

• Hardware installation, including the following:

- Unwrapping and inspecting the board

- Physically installing the board

- Checking the combined board and DriverLINX installation

- Identifying the I/O connector pins

- Wiring your circuits to the I/O connector pins (via the wiring accessories)

- Synchronizing multiple boards

- Powering your circuits from the from the board

Installing the software

NOTE Install the DriverLINX software before installing the KPCI-1800HC

Series board. Otherwise, the device drivers will be more difﬁcult to install.

Software options

Users of KPCI-1800HC Series boards have the following two software options. In both cases, the software interfaces with your system via the DriverLINX software provided with your board:

• The user can run a fully integrated data-acquisition software package such as TestPoint or LabVIEW.

• The user can write and run a custom program in Visual C/C++, Visual Basic, or Delphi, using the programming support provided in the DriverLINX software.

A summary of the pros and cons of using integrated packages or writing custom programs is provided in the Keithley Full Line Catalog.

The KPCI-1800HC Series has fully functional driver support for use under Windows 95/98/NT.

DriverLINX driver software for Windows 95/98/NT

DriverLINX software, supplied by Keithley with the KPCI-1800HC Series board, provides convenient interfaces to conﬁgure analog and digital I/O modes without register-level programming.

Most importantly, however, DriverLINX supports those programmers who wish to create custom applications using Visual C/C++, Visual Basic, or Delphi. DriverLINX accomplishes foreground and background tasks to perform data acquisition. The software includes memory and data buffer management, event triggering, extensive error checking, and context sensitive online help.

DriverLINX provides application developers a standardized interface to over 100 services for creating foreground and background tasks for the following:

• Analog input and output

• Digital input and output

• Time and frequency measurement

• Event counting

• Pulse output

• Period measurement

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Installation 3-3

In addition to basic I/O support, DriverLINX also provides:

• Built-in capabilities to handle memory and data buffer management.

• A selection of starting and stopping trigger events, including pre-triggering, mid-point trig-

gering and post-triggering protocols.

• Extensive error checking.

• Context-sensitive on-line help system DriverLINX is essentially hardware independent,

because its portable APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) work across various operating systems. This capability eliminates unnecessary programming when changing operating system platforms.

TestPoint™

TestPoint is a fully featured, integrated application package that incorporates many commonly used math, analysis, report generation, and graphics functions. The TestPoint graphical dragand-drop interface can be used to create data acquisition applications, without programming, for IEEE-488 instruments, data acquisition boards, and RS232-485 instruments and devices.

TestPoint includes features for controlling external devices, responding to events, processing data, creating report ﬁles, and exchanging information with other Windows programs. It provides libraries for controlling most popular GPIB instruments. OCX and ActiveX controls plug directly into TestPoint, allowing additional features from third party suppliers.

TestPoint interfaces with your KPCI-1800 Series board through DriverLINX, using a driver that is provided by the manufacturer.

LabVIEW

LabVIEW is a fully featured graphical programming language used to create virtual instrumentation. It consists of an interactive user interface, complete with knobs, slide switches, graphs, strip charts, and other instrument panel controls. Its data-driven environment uses function blocks that are virtually wired together and pass data to each other. The function blocks, which are selected from palette menus, range from arithmetic functions to advanced acquisition, control, and analysis routines. Also included are debugging tools, help windows, execution highlighting, single stepping, probes, and breakpoints to trace and monitor the data ﬂow execution. LabVIEW can be used to create professional applications with minimal programming.

A Keithley VI palette provides standard virtual instruments (VIs) for LabVIEW that interface with your KPCI-1800 Series board through DriverLINX. The needed driver is provided on your DriverLINX CD-ROM.

™

Installing DriverLINX

Refer to the instructions on the Read this ﬁrst sheet and the manuals on the DriverLINX CD-ROM, both shipped with your board, for information on installing and using DriverLINX.

Installing application software and drivers

Installing the TestPoint software and driver

The DriverLINX driver for TestPoint is provided as part of the TestPoint software. The driver therefore installs automatically when you install TestPoint.

3-4 Installation KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

You can install TestPoint application software, made by Capital Equipment Corporation (CEC), at any time — before or after installing DriverLINX and the KPCI-1800HC board. For TestPoint installation instructions, consult the manual provided by CEC.

NOTE

Before using TestPoint with the KPCI-1800 version of DriverLINX, check with CEC to ensure that your version of TestPoint is compatible with DriverLINX.

Installing the LabVIEW software and driver

A DriverLINX driver for LabVIEW is provided on your DriverLINX CD-ROM. The LabVIEW driver does not install automatically when you install DriverLINX and your board. You must ﬁrst install the LabVIEW application program, then install the DriverLINX driver. Access the LabVIEW driver installation routine by starting setup.exe on the DriverLINX CD-ROM, then selecting LabVIEW

Consult the manual provided by National Instruments for LabVIEW installation instructions.

™

Support from the Install These DriverLINX components screen.

Installing and wiring to the KPCI-1800HC Series board

The remainder of this section describes physically installing the KPCI-1800HC Series board, connecting interfaces to the board, and wiring circuits to the interfaces. KPCI-1800HC Series board connectors involved in these operations are labeled in Figure 3-1.

Figure 3-1

Connectors on the KPCI-1800HC Series board

KPCI-1800HC Series Board

I/O Connector and Mounting Bracket

The remainder of this section is ordered according to the following recommended installation sequence:

1. Install the board in your computer, as described in Installing the board .

2. Check the installation as described in Checking the combined board and DriverLINX

installations .

PCI-bus Connector

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Installation 3-5

3. Review the I/O connections for each pin on the 100-pin I/O connector of your board. Connector pin assignments for the KPCI-1800HC Series boards are identiﬁed and described under Identifying I/O connector pin assignments for KPCI-1800HC series.

4. Connect the appropriate screw terminal other interface accessory(s) to your board, using an appropriate cable assembly. An interface accessory is required to wire the board to your circuits. These accessories range from a basic screw terminal connector (STA-100) to signal conditioning accessories. Use of interface accessories and cables is described under Con- necting interface accessories to a KPCI-1800HC Series board.

5. Wire your circuits to the interface accessories that you connected to the board in step 3. Refer to the sections Wiring analog input signals, Wiring analog output signals, and Wiring digital input and output signals.

6. If you wish to synchronize multiple KPCI-1800HC Series boards, interconnect the trigger or gate signals as described under Synchronizing multiple boards.

7. If you desire to use KPCI-1800HC Series board power for any of your circuits, be sure to read Wiring +5V and ±15V power to external circuits before proceeding.

Installing the board

CAUTION Ensure that the computer is turned OFF before installing or remov-

ing a board. Installing or removing a board while power is ON can damage your computer, the board, or both.

Handle the board in a static-controlled workstation; wear a grounded wrist strap. Discharge static voltage differences between the wrapped board and the handling environment before removing the board from its protective wrapper. Failure to discharge static electricity before and during handling may damage semiconductor circuits on the board.

Handle the board using the mounting bracket. Do not touch the circuit traces or connector contacts when handling the board.

Checking resources for the board

Ensure that your computer has sufﬁcient resources, particularly power resources, to run your KPCI-1800HC board. Check the capacity of the computer power supply and the power requirements of your computer and presently installed boards. Adding a KPCI-1800 Series board requires an additional 870mA at +5V, maximum, and an additional 550mA at +12V, maximum. If necessary, free resources by uninstalling other boards.

Unwrapping and inspecting the KPCI-1800HC Series board

NOTE Install the DriverLINX software before installing the KPCI-1800HC

board. Otherwise, the device drivers will be more difﬁcult to install.

After you remove the wrapped board from its outer shipping carton, unwrap and inspect it as follows:

1. Your board is packaged at the factory in an anti-static wrapper. Do not remove the anti-static wrapper until you have discharged any static electricity voltage differences between the wrapped board and the environment. Wear a grounded wrist strap. A grounded wrist strap

3-6 Installation KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

discharges static electricity from the wrapped board as soon as you hold it. Keep the wrist strap on until you have ﬁnished installing the board.

2. Remove the KPCI-1800HC Series board from its anti-static wrapping material. (You may wish to store the wrapping material for future use.)

3. Inspect the board for damage. If damage is apparent, arrange to return the board to the factory. Refer to Section 6, Technical support .

4. Check the remaining contents of your package against the packing list and report any missing items immediately.

5. If the inspection is satisfactory, proceed to Installing the KPCI-1800HC Series board .

Installing the KPCI-1800HC Series board

Install a KPCI-1800HC Series board in a PCI expansion slot on your computer as follows:

1. Turn power OFF to the computer and to any external circuits attached to the board.

2. Remove the computer chassis cover.

3. Select an unoccupied PCI expansion slot in the rear panel, and remove the corresponding dummy mounting plate.

4. Insert the PCI connector of the board into the selected PCI slot of the computer. Take care not to interfere with neighboring boards. Ensure that the board is properly seated in the slot.

5. Secure the mounting bracket of the board to the chassis, using the retaining screw that you removed when you removed the dummy mounting plate.

Conﬁguring the board to work with DriverLINX

After physically installing the board, turn on and reboot the computer. The DriverLINX Plug and Play Wizard screen appears. Run the Wizard immediately by following the progressive instructions on the screen.

If you do not run the Wizard immediately, it will not appear the next time you reboot. You must then start the Wizard from a batch ﬁle, as follows:

1. Open the Windows Explorer.

2. Double click on X:\DrvLINX4\Help\kpci1800.bat, where X = the letter of the drive on which you installed DriverLINX.

The Wizard appears.

NOTE

You can also start this batch ﬁle directly from the CD-ROM by double clicking on Y:\DrvLINX4\Help\kpci1800.bat, where Y = the drive letter of your CD-ROM drive.

Checking the combined board and DriverLINX installations

Before making any connections to the board, check whether DriverLINX and your board are installed correctly and working together properly. Do this using the ﬁrst two steps of Problem

isolation scheme B: installation in Section 6. The ﬁrst two steps evaluate whether the Driver-

LINX Analog I/O Panel utility starts properly. If the Panel does not start properly at ﬁrst, remaining steps lead you through diagnostic and remedial efforts. If necessary, steps lead you to deinstall, then reinstall DriverLINX and the board.

Do the following:

1. Turn ON your computer and boot Windows 95, 98, or NT.

2. Perform the ﬁrst two steps of Problem isolation scheme B: installation in Section 6.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Installation 3-7

3. If you cannot initially run the Analog I/O Panel, perform additional steps of Problem isolation scheme B: installation as directed.

4. After DriverLINX and your board are installed properly and working together, continue with, Identifying I/O connector pin assignments for KPCI-1800HC Series below.

Identifying I/O connector pin assignments for KPCI-1800HC series

Figure 3-2 and Tables 3-1 and 3-2 show and describe the pin assignments for the I/O connector, a 100-pin D-type connector, which is located at the rear of the board.

Figure 3-2

Pin assignments for the I/O connector of the KPCI-1800HC Series boards

A Side

AGND

CH16 HI

CH16 LO/CH48 HI

CH17 HI

CH17 LO/CH49 HI

CH18 HI

CH18 LO/CH50 HI

CH19 HI

CH19 LO/CH51 HI

CH20 HI

CH20 LO/CH52 HI

CH21 HI

CH21 LO/CH53 HI

CH22 HI

CH22 LO/CH54 HI

CH23 HI

CH23 LO/CH55 HI

AGND

CH24 HI

CH24 LO/CH56 HI

CH25 HI

CH25 LO/CH57 HI

CH26 HI

CH26 LO/CH58 HI

CH27 HI

CH27 LO/CH59 HI

CH28 HI

CH28 LO/CH60 HI

CH29 HI

CH29 LO/CH61 HI

CH30 HI

CH30 LO/CH62 HI

CH31 HI

CH31 LO/CH63 HI

AGND

DAC1 Output

-15V

DGND

NC NC

TGOUT

DOSTB

DO4 DO5 DO6 DO7

+5V

+5V DGND DGND

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

B Side

AGND CH00 HI CH00 LO/CH32 HI CH01 HI CH01 LO/CH33 HI CH02 HI CH02 LO/CH34 HI CH03 HI CH03 LO/CH35 HI CH04 HI CH04 LO/CH36 HI CH05 HI CH05 LO/CH37 HI CH06 HI CH06 LO/CH38 HI CH07 HI CH07 LO/CH39 HI AGND CH08 HI CH08 LO/CH40 HI CH09 HI CH09 LO/CH41 HI CH10 HI CH10 LO/CH42 HI CH11 HI CH11 LO/CH43 HI CH12 HI CH12 LO/CH44 HI CH13 HI CH13 LO/CH45 HI CH14 HI CH14 LO/CH46 HI CH15 HI CH15 LO/CH47 HI AGND DAC0 Output +15V DGND DI0/XPCLK DI1/TGIN DI2 DI3 DO0 DO1 DO2 DO3 +5V +5V DGND DGND

KPCI-1800HC Series Board

I/O Connector

3-8 Installation KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Table 3-1

Descriptions for A side pins

Pin No. Pin label Description

A1 AGND Analog ground. (Refer to Wiring analog input signals.) A2

A4 A6 : A16

A3 A5 A7 : A17

A18 AGND Analog ground. (Refer to Wiring analog input signals.) A19

A21 A23 : A33

A20 A22 A24 : A34

A35 AGND Analog ground. (Refer to Wiring analog input signals.) A36 DAC1 OUT Output from digital-to-analog converter number 1. A37 -15V -15VDC at 30mA max. (Refer to Wiring ±15V power.) A38 DGND Digital ground. (Refer to Wiring digital input and output

A39 NC No connection is to be made to this terminal. A40 NC No connection is to be made to this terminal. A41 TGOUT Trigger/gate output. (Refer to Wiring digital control signals.) A42 DOSTB Digital output strobe. (Refer to Wiring digital control

A43 to A46

B47, B48

A49, A50

CH16 HI CH17 HI CH18 HI : CH23 HI

CH16 LO/CH48 HI CH17 LO/CH49 HI CH18 LO/CH50 HI : CH23 LO/CH55 HI

CH24 HI CH25 HI CH26 HI : CH31 HI

CH24 LO/CH56 HI CH25 LO/CH57 HI CH26 LO/CH58 HI : CH31 LO/CH63 HI

DO4, DO5, DO6, DO7

+5V +5VDC from computer-bus. (Refer to Wiring +5V power.)

DGND Digital ground. Refer to Wiring digital input and output

Channel 16 high level input Channel 17 high level input Channel 18 high level input : Channel 23 high level input

If analog inputs are conﬁgured as differential: Channel 16 low level input Channel 17 low level input Channel 18 low level input : Channel 23 low level input

Channel 24 high level input Channel 25 high level input Channel 26 high level input : Channel 31 high level input

If analog inputs are conﬁgured as differential: Channel 24 low level input Channel 25 low level input Channel 26 low level input : Channel 31 low level input

signals.)

Digital outputs 4, 5, 6, and 7.

signals.

If analog inputs are conﬁgured as single-ended: Channel 48 high level input Channel 49 high level input Channel 50 high level input : Channel 55 high level input

If analog inputs are conﬁgured as single-ended: Channel 56 high level input Channel 57 high level input Channel 58 high level input : Channel 63 high level input

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Installation 3-9

Table 3-2

Descriptions for B side pins

Pin No. Pin label Description

B1 AGND Analog ground. (Refer to Wiring analog input signals.) B2

B4 B6 : B16

B3 B5 B7 : B17

B18 AGND Analog ground. (Refer to Wiring analog input signals.) B19

B21 B23 : B33

B20 B22 B24 : B34

B35 AGND Analog ground. (Refer to Wiring analog input signals.) B36 DAC0 OUT Output from digital-to-analog converter number 0. B37 +15V +15VDC at 30mA max. (Refer to Wiring ±15V power.) B38 DGND Digital ground. (Refer to Wiring digital input and output

B39 DI0/XPCLK Digital input number 0, if

B40 DI1/TGIN Digital input number 1, if

B41, B42

B43 to B46

B47, B48

B49, B50

CH00 HI CH01 HI CH02 HI : CH07 HI

CH00 LO/CH48 HI CH01 LO/CH49 HI CH02 LO/CH50 HI : CH07 LO/CH55 HI

CH8 HI CH9 HI CH10 HI : CH15 HI

CH08 LO/CH40 HI CH09 LO/CH41 HI CH10 LO/CH42 HI : CH15 LO/CH47 HI

DI2, DI3 Digital inputs 2 and 3.

DO0, DO1, DO2, DO3

+5V +5VDC from computer-bus (Refer to Wiring +5V power.)

DGND Digital ground. (Refer to Wiring digital input and output

Channel 0 high level input Channel 1 high level input Channel 2 high level input : Channel 7 high level input

If analog inputs are conﬁgured as differential: Channel 0 low level input Channel 1 low level input Channel 2 low level input : Channel 7 low level input

Channel 8 high level input Channel 9 high level input Channel 10 high level input : Channel 15 high level input

If analog inputs are conﬁgured as differential: Channel 8 low level input Channel 9 low level input Channel 10 low level input : Channel 15 low level input

signals.)

conﬁgured as a general purpose digital input.

Digital outputs 0, 1, 2, and 3.

signals.)

If analog inputs are conﬁgured as single-ended: Channel 32 high level input Channel 33 high level input Channel 34 high level input : Channel 39 high level input

If analog inputs are conﬁgured as single-ended: Channel 40 high level input Channel 41 high level input Channel 42 high level input : Channel 47 high level input

External pacer clock input, if conﬁgured as a clock input (Refer to W iring digital contr ol signals.)

Trigger/gate input, if conﬁgured as a trigger/gate input (Refer to W iring digital contr ol signals.)

3-10 Installation KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Connecting interface accessories to a KPCI-1800HC Series board

Before you can wire your circuits to a KPCI-1800HC Series board, you must ﬁrst interface screw terminals to the I/O connector pins of the board. The required screw terminals can be provided by a single accessory or via secondary interface accessories, such as signal conditioning modules. Use of appropriate interface accessories and connecting cables, all available from Keithley, are described in the following subsections. Table 3-3 summarizes the characteristics of the available interface accessories.

Table 3-3

Interface accessories for KPCI-1800HC Series boards

STP-100 Basic screw-terminal accessory. Interfaces each KPCI-1800HC Series I/O

connector-pin to a corresponding screw terminal*.

STA-1800HC Screw-terminal accessory and secondary connector interface. Interfaces

KPCI-1800HC Series I/O connector-pins both to screw terminals and to four secondary connectors*. Secondary connectors interface signal conditioning modules with a KPCI-1800HC Series board. Also provides a breadboarding area for user circuits and an onboard temperature measurement circuit that facilitates thermocouple Cold-Junction Compensation (CJC).

CONN1800HC

*This accessory connects to the 1800HC Series I/O connector via a CAB-1800 series cable.

Secondary connector interface, only. Effectively an STA-1800HC without the screw terminals, the breadboarding area, or the CJC temperature measurement circuit. Interfaces signal conditioning modules to a KPCI-1800HC Series board*.

The contents of this section are:

• The ﬁrst subsection below describes connecting an STP-100 accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board.

• The second and third subsections describe connecting an STA-1800HC accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board and using the CJC temperature measurement circuit of the STA-1800HC.

• The fourth subsection describes connection of the CONN-1800HC accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board.

• The last subsection describes using an STA-1800HC or a CONN-1800HC accessory to connect an MB01 signal conditioning rack to a KPCI-1800HC Series board.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Installation 3-11

Connecting an STP-100 screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board

The STP-100 accessory provides basic screw terminal wiring to the I/O connector of a KPCI-1800HC Series board. Figure 3-3 shows how the STP-100 interfaces with the board.

Figure 3-3

Connecting an STP-100 screw terminal accessory

KPCI-1800HC Series Board

TP1

P1A

TP2

STP-100

Accessory

P1B

CAB-1800 Series Cable

As shown in Figure 3-3, use a CAB-1800 Series cable to connect an STP-100 and a KPCI-1800HC. Available CAB-1800 Series cables are listed in Table 3-4.

Table 3-4

CAB-1800 Series cables

Cable Description

CAB-1800 18-inch, 100-wire ribbon cable CAB-1801 36-inch, 100-wire ribbon cable CAB-1800/S 18-inch, 100-wire, shielded, ribbon cable CAB-1801/S 36-inch, 100-wire, shielded, ribbon cable

The red wire on CAB-1800 Series cables runs to pin 1 of each cable connector. Be sure to mate pin 1 of each cable connector to pin 1 of a board connector.

3-12 Installation KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Pin assignments for screw terminals of the STP-100 I/O connector are shown in Figure 3-4. (Note that the I/O connector is physically a mirror image of the pin assignments for the KPCI-1800HC Series I/O connector). Refer to Tables 3-1 and 3-2 under Identifying I/O connec- tor pin assignments for KPCI-1800HC series for descriptions of the pin assignments.

Figure 3-4

Pin assignments for the I/O connector of the STP-100 accessory and the main I/O connectors of the STA-1800HC and CONN-1800HC accessories

B Side

AGND

CH00 HI

CH00 LO/CH32 HI

CH01 HI

CH01 LO/CH33 HI

CH02 HI

CH02 LO/CH34 HI

CH03 HI

CH03 LO/CH35 HI

CH04 HI

CH04 LO/CH36 HI

CH05 HI

CH05 LO/CH37 HI

CH06 HI

CH06 LO/CH38 HI

CH07 HI

CH07 LO/CH39 HI

AGND

CH08 HI

CH08 LO/CH40 HI

CH09 HI

CH09 LO/CH41 HI

CH10 HI

CH10 LO/CH42 HI

CH11 HI

CH11 LO/CH43 HI

CH12 HI

CH12 LO/CH44 HI

CH13 HI

CH13 LO/CH45 HI

CH14 HI

CH14 LO/CH46 HI

CH15 HI

CH15 LO/CH47 HI

AGND

DAC0 Output

+15V

DGND

D10/XPCLK

DI1/TGIN

DI2 DI3

DO0

DO14

DO2 DO3

+5V

+5V DGND DGND

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

A Side

AGND CH16 HI CH16 LO/CH48 HI CH17 HI CH17 LO/CH49 HI CH18 HI CH18 LO/CH50 HI CH19 HI CH19 LO/CH51 HI CH20 HI CH20 LO/CH52 HI CH21 HI CH21 LO/CH53 HI CH22 HI CH22 LO/CH54 HI CH23 HI CH23 LO/CH55 HI AGND CH24 HI CH24 LO/CH56 HI CH25 HI CH25 LO/CH57 HI CH26 HI CH26 LO/CH58 HI CH27 HI CH27 LO/CH59 HI CH28 HI CH28 LO/CH60 HI CH29 HI CH29 LO/CH61 HI CH30 HI CH30 LO/CH62 HI CH31 HI CH31 LO/CH63 HI AGND DAC1 Output

-15V DGND NC NC TGOUT DOSTB DO4 DO5 DO6 DO7 +5V +5V DGND DGND

STA-1800HC and CONN-1800HC

I/O Connector

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Installation 3-13

Connecting an STA-1800HC screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board

In addition to interfacing screw terminals to the KPCI-1800HC Series I/O connector, the STA-1800HC provides secondary I/O connectors and on-board circuit capabilities. Its features are as follows:

• A 100-pin female connector for cabling to the I/O connector of a KPCI-1800HC Series board.

• 120 labeled screw terminals for connecting sensor outputs and test equipment to the I/O connector of a KPCI-1800HC Series board. Thirty-two separate analog-ground terminals facilitate grounding, especially for differential measurements.

• A CJC (Cold Junction Compensation) circuit that provides an analog board-temperature signal. The CJC signal can be used as an input to KPCI-1800HC, and cold-junction correction values can be calculated for thermocouple inputs.

• Four 37-pin male connectors for cabling to MB01 backplanes.

• A breadboard area for user-installed circuitry.

To connect an STA-1800HC to a KPCI-1800HC Series board, use a CAB-1800 Series cable as shown in Figure 3-5.

Pin assignments for the 100-pin I/O connector of an STA-1800HC are shown in Figure 3-4 which is found in the section Connecting an STP-100 screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board. (Note that the I/O connector is physically a mirror image of the pin assignments for the KPCI-1800HC Series I/O connector). Refer to Tables 3-1 and 3-2 under Identifying I/O connector pin assignments for KPCI-1800HC series for descriptions of the pin assignments.

Figure 3-5

Connecting an STA-1800HC screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board

KPCI-1800HC Series Board

CAB-1800 Series Cable

STA-1800HC

Available CAB-1800 Series cables are listed in Table 3-4. The red wire on the CAB-1800 Series cables runs to pin 1 of each cable connector. Be sure to mate pin 1 of each cable connector to pin 1 of a board connector.

3-14 Installation KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Use the auxiliary 37-pin connectors of the STA-1800HC to connect MB Series modules to a KPCI-1800HC series board. For more information about using the auxiliary 37-pin connectors, refer to the section Connecting an MB01 module rack (backplane) to a KPCI-1800HC Series board. Pin assignments for the STA-1800HC auxiliary 37-pin connectors are shown in Figures B-3 through B-6 of Appendix B.

Using the CJC (Cold Junction Compensation) temperature circuit of an STA-1800HC accessory

A temperature-dependent voltage, called the reference junction voltage (or cold junction voltage), is always generated between a thermocouple and the terminals to which the thermocouple is connected. Therefore, if you connect a thermocouple to a KPCI-1800HC Series board via an STA-1800HC accessory, a reference-junction voltage is generated between the thermocouple leads and the STA-1800HC connection terminals.

The reference junction voltage is deﬁned as follows:

Reference (voltage generated by your (Voltage generated junction = thermocouple at temperature of the - by your thermocouple voltage STA-1800HC terminals) at 0˚C)

The reference junction voltage can be determined from an equation or a lookup table for your thermocouple type. It must be added to the thermocouple voltage “seen” by your KPCI-1800HC before converting it to an accurate temperature reading.

To facilitate cold junction compensation, the STA-1800HC provides a CJC (Cold Junction Compensation) temperature measurement circuit to monitor the temperature at its screw terminals. The CJC temperature circuit outputs a voltage that is 0V at 0˚C and linearly proportional to the screw terminal temperature at all other temperatures, as follows:

CJC circuit output voltage, mV = (connection terminal temperature, ˚C) × (10mV/˚C)

The schematic for the CJC temperature circuit is shown in Figure 3-6.

Figure 3-6

CJC temperature circuit

+15V

0mV = 0 C 10mV/ C

27Ω

0.1µF

LM35DZ

TB11

CJC Out

CJC GND

The CJC output signal appears across screw terminals TB11. The location of terminals TB11on the accessory is shown in Figure 3-7.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Installation 3-15

Figure 3-7

Location of CJC circuit screw terminals (TB11) on STA-1800HC accessory

Terminal Block TB11

for CJC Circuit

STA-1800HC Accessory

Use the following procedure to convert a thermocouple reading to an accurate temperature value:

1. Wire TB11 of the CJC circuit to the screw terminals of an unused KPCI-1800HC analog input channel.

2. Read the CJC circuit voltage from TB11.

3. Perform the following data manipulations in the host computer: a. Convert the CJC circuit voltage to the connection terminal temperature. b. Convert the connection terminal temperature to the reference junction voltage, using the

correct equation or lookup table for your thermocouple type.

c. Add the reference junction voltage to the thermocouple readings at the STA-1800HC

screw terminals.

d. Convert the corrected thermocouple readings to temperatures, using the correct equation

or lookup table for your thermocouple type.

Connecting a CONN-1800HC accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board

The CONN-1800HC connector panel is an interface for cabling MB-series signal conditioning modules to KPCI-1800HC Series boards. You can also use CONN-1800HC for custom hookups. The CONN-1800HC is essentially an STA-1800HC without screw terminals or a CJC (Cold Junction Compensation) thermometer circuit. The components of the CONN-1800HC are:

• A 100-pin female connector for cabling to the I/O connector of a KPCI-1800HC Series board

• Four 37-pin male connectors for cabling to MB01 backplanes or custom hookups

Connect a CONN-1800HC cable to a KPCI-1800HC Series board using a CAB-1800 Series cable, as shown in Figure 3-8. Available CAB-1800 Series cables are listed in Table 3-4 under Connecting an STP-100 screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board.

3-16 Installation KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Figure 3-8

Connecting a CONN-1800HC accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board

KPCI-1800HC Series Board

CAB-1800 Series Cable

CONN-1800HC

Pin assignments for the 100-pin I/O connector of a CONN-1800HC are shown in Figure 3-4, which is found in Connecting an STP-100 screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board. (Note that the I/O connector is physically a mirror image of the pin assignments for the KPCI-1800HC Series I/O connector). Refer to Tables 3-1 and 3-2 under Identifying I/O connec- tor pin assignments for KPCI-1800HC series for descriptions of the pin assignments.

Use the auxiliary 37-pin connectors of the CONN-1800HC to connect MB Series modules to a KPCI-1800HC series board. For more information about using the auxiliary 37-pin connectors, refer to Connecting an MB01 module rack (backplane) to a KPCI-1800HC Series board. Pin assignments for the CONN-1800HC auxiliary 37-pin I/O connectors are shown in Figures B-3 through B-6 of Appendix B.

Connecting an MB01 module rack (backplane) to a KPCI-1800HC Series board

MB Series modules provide front-end signal conditioning for a KPCI-1800HC Series board when connected through an MB01 module rack (backplane) and an STA-1800HC or a CONN-1800HC accessory. Figure 3-9 shows the connections to an STA-1800HC or a CONN-1800HC accessory. The previous sections Connecting an STA-1800HC screw terminal

accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board or Connecting a CONN-1800HC accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board describe how to connect the STA-1800HC or a CONN-1800HC

accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board.

For details about MB Series modules, refer to the MB Series User’s Guide.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Installation 3-17

Figure 3-9

Connecting MB01 module racks (backplanes) to an STA-1800HC or a CONN-1800HC

To J1 of an STA-1800HC or CONN-1800HC

To J2 of an STA-1800HC or CONN-1800HC

To J3 of an STA-1800HC or CONN-1800HC

To J4 of an STA-1800HC or CONN-1800HC

C-16MB1 Cable

MB01

#0 #1 #15

MBXXMB

#0 #1 #15

MBXXMB

#0 #1 #15

MBXXMB

#0 #1 #15

MBXXMB

MB XX

MB01

Note: Using C-16MB1 cables, you can connect up to two MB01 backplanes to an STA-1800HC or up to four MB01 backplanes to a CONN-1800HC.

NOTE If you are programming an application that requires references to chan-

nel numbering on connectors J1 to J4 of an STA-1800HC or CONN-1800HC, you can obtain the correct channel numbering fr om the pin assignments for these connectors. Refer to Appendix B.

Wiring analog input signals

This section provides general guidance on wiring your circuits to single-ended and differential inputs, as well as special precautions to avoid problems when wiring signals to a KPCI-1800HC set for high gains.

3-18 Installation KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

WARNING Do NOT connect data acquisition inputs to the AC line. Keep data

acquisition cables and connections away from any AC line connections. Interconnections or shorting between data and power lines can result in personal injury or death or extensive damage to your computer. To prevent this problem, do the following:

• Avoid direct connections to the AC line by using safety approved isolation transformers, isolation ampliﬁers, or both.

• Ensure that all connections are tight and sound, so that signal wires are unlikely to come loose and short to hazardous voltages.

CAUTION Ensure that both the computer and the external circuits are turned

OFF before making any connections. Making connections while the computer and external circuits are powered can damage the computer, the board, and the external circuit.

Ensure that no analog-input signal exceeds ±15V, which is the maximum allowable rating for the board. Exceeding ±15V will damage the board.

NOTE KPCI-1800HC Series boards contain separate ground connections for

analog and digital signals. Use the analog ground (AGND) for analog signals and analog power; use the digital ground (DGND) for digital signals and other power-supply returns. Do this to avoid interference from digital switching noise currents on sensitive analog signals. However, be aware that both analog and digital grounds are tied together at the board PCI connector and are ultimately connected to the building system ground via the mains. See Figure 3-10. I/O connector pin assignments and descriptions for AGND and DGND are provided in Figure 3-1 and Tables 3-1 and 3-2.

Figure 3-10

Analog and digital ground path

AGND DGND

KPCI-1800HC Board

I/O Connector

PCI Connector

Host Computer

To Mains

NOTE Though the circuit diagrams show direct connections to channel input

pins of the main I/O connector, you must make actual connections through corresponding screw terminals of an STA-1800HC or STP-100 accessory. Refer to Appendix B for a list of these inputs and their descriptions.

The circuit diagrams in this section represent wiring of a single signal source to a single channel (typically designated as “c hannel n”). Dif ferential analog circuits can be used with any of 32 separate signal sour ces connected to 32 differential inputs; single-ended analog circuits can be used with any of 64 separate signal sources connected to 64 singleended inputs.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Installation 3-19

Wiring a signal to a single-ended analog input

NOTE Before wiring your signals to single-ended inputs, ensure that you

understand the limitations of single-ended inputs. Refer to Section 2, “Choosing between the differential and single-ended input modes.”

Figure 3-11 shows the connections between a signal source and one channel of a KPCI-1800HC Series board conﬁgured for single-ended input mode.

Figure 3-11

Wiring a signal source to a board conﬁgured for single-ended inputs

Signal Source

Channel

High

KPCI-1800HC Series Board

AGND

Wiring a ﬂoating signal source to a differential analog input

NOTE If you are unclear about whether to use differential or single-ended

input mode, refer to Section 2, “Choosing between the differential and single-ended input modes.”

Figure 3-12 shows three connection schemes for wiring a signal source to a KPCI-1800HC Series channel when the board is conﬁgured for differential input and the input signal source is ﬂoating. Floating signal sources are ideally either totally ungrounded (a battery, for example) or are otherwise not connected either directly or indirectly to the building ground or analog signal ground. (Real ﬂoating signal sources do have ﬁnite, though small, coupling to ground due to ﬁnite insulation resistance and other sources of current leakage, such as capacitive coupling in a transformer.) Examples of ﬂoating signal sources include devices powered by batteries, devices powered through isolation transformers, ungrounded thermocouples, and outputs of isolation ampliﬁers. Using ﬂoating signal source intrinsically avoids ground loops.

However, when your KPCI-1800HC Series board is used in the differential input mode, a current path must be connected to the analog ground terminal. When the signal source ﬂoats, the lack of a ground reference point allows instrumentation ampliﬁer bias currents to raise the commonmode voltage of the signal to high values. Excessive common mode voltages result in excessive signal errors or, worse, ampliﬁer saturation and unusable data.

NOTE The bias current of the input instrumentation ampliﬁer is a very small

but ﬁnite current drawn from an input terminal to the ampliﬁer. The magnitude of the bias current depends on the ampliﬁer design and may range from a few femtoamperes to a few microamperes.

The common-mode voltage (Vcm) is a voltage that is common to both the input-high and input-low terminals of a differential input: it appears between each terminal and ground.

3-20 Installation KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

If your signal source is ﬂoating, you must provide the path to the analog ground. Use one or two bias return resistors, as discussed below and illustrated in Figure 3-12.

Figure 3-12

Wiring a ﬂoating signal source to differential inputs: three common examples

Signal Source

Where > 100Ω

Where < 100Ω

= 10,000 but ≤ 100MΩ

= 0Ω to 10,000

Channel

High

Low

AGND

High

Low

AGND

KPCI-1800HC Series Board

Supply

Bridge

Channel

Where is a

R variable resistor for balancing the bridge

AGND

High

Low

KPCI-1800HC Series Board

The minimum bias return resistance and the number of bias resistors (one or two) are determined by noise considerations. The maximum bias return resistance (Rb) is limited by the maximum acceptable common-mode voltage due to the bias current, as follows:

Common-mode voltage due to bias current = (Bias current) * (Bias return resistance, Rb)

The remaining discussions of this section guide you in selecting bias return resistors. Using a single bias return resistor (middle circuit of Figure 3-12). If the signal source resis-

tance (RS) is low, one bias return resistor connected between the input-low terminal and the analog ground is adequate.

The minimum bias return resistance is determined by the signal source resistance and the susceptibility and exposure of your circuit to noise pickup from the environment. If the source resistance (RS) is low, the bias resistance can generally be low. In some cases, the bias resistance (Rb) can be zero. That is, you can connect a lead directly between the analog ground and the negative terminal of the signal source. However, the following then occurs:

• Electrostatically-coupled noise in the negative signal lead is shunted directly to ground and does not affect the negative signal input.

• Electrostatically-coupled noise in the positive signal lead is not shunted directly to ground and causes a net noise voltage at the positive signal input.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Installation 3-21

The net voltage at the positive signal input cannot be rejected by the common-mode rejection capabilities of the KPCI-1800HC.

Therefore, depending on the source resistance (RS) and/or the electrostatic noise pickup, it is frequently better to use a larger bias resistance (Rb) to help balance the ground return paths of the positive and negative signals. The higher resistance makes the ground paths and noise coupling in the positive and negative signals more similar. The noise that is common to both positive and negative signals can then be rejected as part of the common mode voltage. If the source resistance is less than 100 ohms, you may select the bias return resistance as follows:

Bias return resistance, R

= 10,000 * (Source resistance, R

) if R

< 100Ω

Using two bias return resistors (top circuit of Figure 3-12). You can slightly improve noise rejection by connecting identical bias return resistors to both the positive and negative signals. This balances the ground return paths. Use the following resistance value:

Bias return resistance, R

= 10,000 * (Source resistance, R

), 100MΩ max, if RS > 100Ω

However, be aware that the bias return resistor connected to the input-high terminal loads the signal, causing a proportional error.

Using no bias return resistors with a bridge circuit (bottom circuit of Figure 3-12). In the lower circuit of Figure 3-12, added bias return resistors are not needed. The bridge resistors at the signal source inherently provide the bias current return path. The common mode voltage at the input terminals is the voltage drop across RS of the bridge.

Wiring a ground-referenced signal source to a differential analog input

NOTE If you are unclear about whether to use differential or single-ended

input mode, refer to Section 2, “Choosing between the differential and single-ended input modes.”

A ground-referenced signal source is a signal source that is connected directly or indirectly to the building system ground. The analog signal ground of the KPCI-1800HC is ultimately connected to the building system ground via the power mains, as shown in Figure 3-10. Therefore, the ground-referenced signal source is also indirectly connected to the analog ground.

However, the quality of the ground connection between the signal source and analog ground of the KPCI-1800HC may be poor. The signal-source ground and the KPCI-1800HC Series board analog ground are typically not at the same voltage level. This voltage difference is due to the wiring between the data acquisition equipment and the building system ground, to which powerusing and noise-generating equipment is typically also connected. The voltage difference is seen at the KPCI-1800HC differential input terminals as a common-mode voltage (Vcm); so called because it is effectively common to both the input-high and input-low terminals. An ideal, properly connected differential input responds only to the difference in the signals at the input-high and input-low terminals. The common-mode voltage is rejected, leaving only the desired signal. Practically, the common-mode voltage always causes an error, typically small, that is limited by the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of the differential input.

Figure 3-13 illustrates how to satisfactorily connect a ground-referenced signal source to a differential input. In the upper circuit of Figure 3-13, a separate ground return line is connected between the negative-terminal ground of the signal source and the analog ground of the KPCI-1800HC Series board. Because both the input-high and input-low terminals of the KPCI-1800HC have high input impedance, effectively all ground currents due to ground voltages ﬂow through the separate ground-return line. Because the separate ground return line is common to both the input-high and input-low terminals, the voltage drop across it is rejected as a common-mode voltage.

3-22 Installation KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

In the lower circuit of Figure 3-13, the grounding connection for a bridge circuit powered by a ground-referenced power supply is the same as for a ﬂoating bridge. When the bridge has a ground-referenced power supply, the common mode voltage is the sum of the voltage drop across the ground line and the voltage drop across RS of the bridge.

Figure 3-13

Satisfactory differential input connections for ground-referenced signals that avoid a ground loop

Signal Source

Ground

Channel

wire

= -

High

AGND

Low

KPCI-1800HC Series Board

Do not join Low to AGND at the computer

Channel n High

Channel

Low

AGND

Where is a

R variable resistor for balancing the bridge

KPCI-1800HC Series Board

Supply

Bridge

(Internally groundcoupled)

Figure 3-14 illustrates how NOT to connect a differential input. If the analog ground and inputlow terminal of the KPCI-1800HC Series board are joined near the board, a ground loop current ﬂows in the negative signal lead. The voltage difference across this signal lead is then a component of the measured signal, not a common-mode voltage. A differential ampliﬁer cannot reject this unwanted signal component.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Installation 3-23

Figure 3-14

Improper differential input connection, which creates a ground loop error

Signal Source

Signal Source Ground

Channel

Channel n Low

wire

= -

High

AGND

KPCI-1800HC Series Board

NOTE This diagram is included only to illustrate an incorrectly wired input; do not use this configuration.

Avoiding wiring problems at high gains

Operating a KPCI-1801HC at a gain of 250 can lead to problems if your application is unable to cope with noise. At a gain of 250, each bit of A/D output corresponds to 10µV of analog input. If special precautions are not taken, the high gain, high speed, and large bandwidth of this board allow thermal emfs and noise to easily degrade performance. The following suggestions are provided to help you to minimize problems at high gain.

• Operate the KPCI-1801HC in 32-channel differential mode. Using the board in 64-channel, single-ended mode at high gains introduces enough ground-loop noise to produce large ﬂuctuations in readings.

• Minimize noise from crosstalk and induced-voltage pickup in the ﬂat cables and screwterminal accessories by using shielded cable (for example, a CAB-1800/S is preferred over a CAB-1800 cable and an S1800 cable is preferred over a C1800 cable.) Connect the shield to the analog ground (AGND) and the inner conductors to the input low (LO) and input-high (HI) terminals. Channel LO and AGND should have a common DC return (or connection) at some point; this return should be as close to the signal source as possible. (See Figures 3-12 and 3-13.) Induced noise from radio frequency (RF) and magnetic ﬁelds can easily exceed tens of microvolts, even on one-foot or two-foot long cables. Shielded cable helps to avoid this problem.

• Avoid bimetallic junctions in the input circuitry. For example, the thermal emf of a Kovar-tocopper junction, such as at the Kovar leads of reed relay, is typically 40µV/˚C. Thermal emfs at bimetallic junctions, combined with air currents and other sources of temperature variation, can introduce strange random signal variations.

• Consider ﬁltering, which can be accomplished with hardware (resistors, capacitors, and so on) but is often accomplished more easily with software. Instead of reading the channel once, read it 10 or more times in quick succession and average the readings. If the noise is random and Gaussian, it will be reduced by the square root of the number of readings.

Refer also to Section 2, Optimizing throughput, for additional precautions about assigning high gains to channels in the channel-gain queue.

3-24 Installation KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Wiring analog output signals

This section provides a few guidelines on wiring the analog outputs from the two 12-bit DACs (digital-to-analog converters) on your KPCI-1800HC Series board. Each DAC outputs a range of ±10V. Performance characteristics and drive capabilities for these DACs are listed in Appendix A.

WARNING Do NOT intersperse data acquisition connections with AC line con-

nections. Keep data acquisition cables and connections away from any AC line connections. Interconnections or shorting between data and power lines can result in personal injury or death or extensive damage to your computer. To prevent this problem, ensure that all connections are tight and sound, so that signal wires are unlikely to come loose and short to hazardous voltages.

CAUTION Ensure that both the computer and the external circuit are turned

OFF before making any connections. Making connections while the computer and external circuits are powered can damage the computer, the board, and the external circuit.

NOTE Avoid large capacitive loads at the analog outputs. Capacitive loads

higher than 100µF will destabilize the analog outputs and make them susceptible to ringing (transient oscillations).

KPCI-1800HC Series boards contain separate ground connections for analog and digital signals. Use the analog ground (AGND) for analog signals and analog power; use the digital ground (DGND) for digital signals and other power-supply returns. Do this to avoid interference from digital switching noise currents on sensitive analog signals. However, be aware that both analog and digital grounds are tied together at the board PCI connector and are ultimately connected to the building system ground via the mains. See Figure 3-15. I/O connector pin assignments and descriptions for AGND and DGND are provided in Figure 3-1 and Tables 3-1 and 3-2.

Figure 3-15

Analog and digital ground path

KPCI-1800HC Board

I/O Connector

AGND DGND

Host Computer

PCI Connector

To Mains

Though this section describes connections to analog output pins of the main I/O connector, you must make the analog output connections through the corresponding screw terminals of an STA-1800HC or STP-100 accessory.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Installation 3-25

The DAC0 output is available at pin B36 of the KPCI-1800HC Series I/O connector, and the DAC1 output is available at pin A36. The corresponding screw terminals of an STA-1800HC or STP-100 accessory are listed in Table 3-5.

Table 3-5

Analog output terminals on STA-1800HC and STP-100 accessories

Label on screw terminal

accessory

STA-1800HCOn STP-100

DAC0OUT P1B-36 B36 The output of digital-to-analog converter 0 DAC1OUT P1A-36 A36 The output of digital-to-analog converter 1 A GND

terminals, two of which are next to DAC0OUT and DAC1OUT

P1A-01 P1B-01 P1A-18 P1B-18 P1A-35 P1B-35

Corresponding

I/O connector

pin number Description

A01, B01, A18, B18, A35, B35

Analog ground terminals

To connect an STA-1800HC or STP-100 accessory to your board, refer to Connecting an

STA-1800HC screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board or Connecting an STP-100 screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board.

Wiring digital input and output signals

WARNING Do NOT connect data acquisition inputs to the AC line. Keep data

• Avoid direct connections to the AC line by using safety approved isolation transformers, isolation ampliﬁers, or both.

• Ensure that all connections are tight and sound, so that signal wires are unlikely to come loose and short to hazardous voltages.

CAUTION Ensure that both the computer and the external circuit are turned

OFF before making any connections. Making connections while the computer and external circuits are powered can damage the computer, the board, and the external circuit.

NOTE KPCI-1800HC Series boards contain separate ground connections for

analog and digital signals. Use the analog ground (AGND) for analog signals and analog power; use the digital ground (DGND) for digital signals and other power-supply returns. Do this to avoid interference from digital switching noise currents on sensitive analog signals. However, be aware that both analog and digital grounds are tied together at the board PCI connector and are ultimately connected to the building system ground via the mains. See Figure 3-16. I/O connector pin assignments and descriptions for AGND and DGND are provided in Figure 3-1 and Tables 3-1 and 3-2.

3-26 Installation KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Figure 3-16

Analog and digital ground path

AGND DGND

KPCI-1800HC Board

I/O Connector

PCI Connector

Host Computer

To Mains

Though the circuit diagrams in this section show direct connections to digital input pins of the main I/O connector, you must make actual digital I/O connections through corresponding screw terminals of an STA-1800HC or STP-100 accessory.

Digital input signal conditioning

External circuits must properly match the input requirements of the board. The digital inputs of your KPCI-1800HC Series board are already equipped with 10kΩ pull-up resistors connected to the +5V power supply. However, some applications may require you to eliminate contact bounce at the input. The effects of contact bounce may be eliminated by programming in your application software. However, it is often desirable to eliminate contact bounce from the signal, using a de-bounce circuit between the contacts and the KPCI-1800HC Series input. Figure 3-17 shows a typical de-bounce circuit that can be used with Form C contacts.

Figure 3-17

Contact de-bounce circuit

+5V

10kΩ 10kΩ

To Digital Input of a KPCI-1800HC Board

Digital

Common

GND

TTL

Compatible

AND Gate

Wiring general-purpose digital I/O signals

KPCI-1800HC Series boards have eight general-purpose digital outputs, two general-purpose digital inputs, and two dual-function digital inputs that can be conﬁgured either as general purpose inputs or as control inputs XPCLK and TGIN. For more information about digital inputs, refer to Section 2, Digital input and output features.

Wire a general-purpose I/O signal between the appropriate digital I/O pin and a digital ground pin on your KPCI-1800HC Series board. Make the connections using the screw terminals of an

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Installation 3-27

STA-1800HC or STP-100 accessory. The screw terminal labels for these connections are identiﬁed in Table 3-6.

Table 3-6

General purpose and control digital I/O terminals for STA-1800HC and STP-100 accessories

Label on screw terminal

accessory

STA-1800HCOn STP-100

DI0/XPCLK P1B-39 B39 Depending on conﬁguration, general purpose

DI1/TGIN P1B-40 B40 Depending on conﬁguration, general purpose

DI2, DI3 P1B-41

P1B-42

DO0 to DO3 P1B-43 to

P1B-46

DO4 to DO7 P1A-43 to

P1A-46 TGOUT P1A-41 A41 Trigger/gate output DOSTB P1A-42 A42 Digital output strobe Any terminal

labeled D GND

P1A-38

P1B-38

P1A-49

P1B-49

P1A-50

P1B-50

Corresponding

I/O connector

pin number Description

digital input number 0 or external pacer clock input

digital input number 1 or trigger/gate input

B41, B42 Digital inputs 2 and 3

B43 to B46 Digital outputs 0 to 3

A43 to A46 Digital outputs 4 to 7

A38, B38, A49, B49, A50, B50

Digital ground

For more information about using the recommended screw terminal accessories, refer to Con-

necting an STA-1800HC screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board and Connecting an STP-100 screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board.

Wiring digital control signals

KPCI-1800HC Series boards provide two digital control inputs and two digital control outputs. The digital control inputs, XPCLK and TGIN, are alternately conﬁgurable as general-purpose digital inputs, as noted in the previous section. For more information about digital control signals, refer to Section 2, Digital input and output features.

Wire a digital control signal between the appropriate digital I/O pin and a digital ground pin on your KPCI-1800HC Series board. Make the connections using the screw terminals of an STA-1800HC or STP-100 accessory. The screw terminal labels for these connections are identiﬁed in Table 3-6. For more information about using the recommended screw terminal accessories, refer to Connecting an STA-1800HC screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board and Connecting an STP-100 screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board.

3-28 Installation KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

The four digital control terminals are summarized below:

• The DI0/XPCLK terminal inputs an external pacer clock signal to the KPCI 1800HC Series board when, and only when, the DI0/ XPCLK input is conﬁgured for the XPCLK mode. The nature and use of the XPCLK signal is described more fully in Section 2 in the following sections: Pacer clock sources, The external pacer clock (XPCLK) digital control input, and, in context, Triggers and Gates.

• The DI1/TGIN terminal inputs an external trigger or gate signal to the KPCI 1800HC Series board when, and only when, the DI1/TGIN input is conﬁgured for the TGIN mode.

• The nature and use of the TGIN signal is described more fully in Section 2 under Triggers, Gates, and T rig g er in (TGIN) digital control input. Use of TGIN for multiple-board synchronization is described, in context, in the next section Synchronizing multiple boards.

• The TGOUT terminal outputs a trigger signal from the KPCI 1800HC Series board that can be used to synchronize analog I/O operations at multiple KPCI 1800HC series boards. The TGOUT signal is described in more detail in Section 2, T rigg er-out (TGOUT) digital control output and, in context, in the next section Synchronizing multiple boards.

• The DOSTB terminal outputs a strobe signal from the KPCI 1800HC Series board, which is used to coordinate moving data out of digital outputs and latching data into registers in other equipment. The TGOUT control output is described more fully in Section 2, Strobe (DOSTB) digital control output.

Synchronizing multiple boards

You can synchronize up to three KPCI-1800HC Series boards using trigger and gate signals from the main I/O connectors. A/D (analog-to-digital) conversions at synchronized boards can be started simultaneously by a single event, regardless of whether the boards have been programmed for the same conversion rate or for different conversion rates.

The onboard pacer clock of each board is designed to be tightly coupled with trigger or gate events. Within a short, deﬁned time lag, each synchronized board begins the ﬁrst analog conversion when the board receives a trigger or gate signal. (Refer to Section 2 Triggers and Gates.) Each board then continues analog conversions at the rate previously set for that board via DriverLINX.

Figure 3-18 shows two connection schemes for synchronizing multiple boards. In both schemes, the conversion rate for each board is timed by the internal pacer clock for that board.

Figure 3-18

Two connection schemes for synchronizing multiple boards

Board 0 Rate a

Board 1 Rate b

TGIN

Trigger or Gate

Board 0 Rate a

Board 1 Rate b

TGIN

TGOUT

TGIN

Trigger or Gate (optional)

Board 2 Rate c

a. Scheme 1

TGIN

Board 2 Rate c

TGIN

b. Scheme 2

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Installation 3-29

Board synchronization scheme 1

In Scheme 1, start conversions at synchronized boards with one external trigger/gate signal. Connect the trigger/gate inputs of the boards together such that each board receives the trigger or gate input simultaneously.

A/D conversions at each board start 400 ±100ns after the active edge of a trigger or gate input. Therefore, boards can be synchronized within 100 ±100ns. For example, one board could start conversions as soon as 300ns after the active edge of the trigger input, while another board could start conversions as late as 500ns after the active edge of the trigger input.

When using scheme 1, you can time subsequent A/D conversions using either the onboard pacer clock or an external pacer clock.

Board synchronization scheme 2

In Scheme 2, start conversions in either of two ways: by an external trigger/gate signal or by software. The board connections are in a master/slave relationship; board 0 is the master, and the other boards are the slaves.

If using a hardware trigger for board 0 of scheme 2, board 0 triggers conversions in all boards immediately. Note that TGOUT is an active, high-going signal. Therefore, you must program the TGIN input of each slave board to respond to the positive (rising) edge of the TGOUT signal.

If you use software to enable board 0, the following sequence occurs:

1. The board-0 pacer clock ﬁrst triggers conversions in the slave boards.

2. Then, conversions start in board 0.

Conversions in board 0 are delayed by a protection feature, which is built into the register that creates software-triggered conversions. This protection feature prevents false conversions.

3-30 Installation KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Wiring +5V and ±15V power to external circuits

CAUTION Ensure that both the computer and the external circuit are turned

OFF before making any connections. Making connections while the computer and external circuits are powered can damage the computer, the board, and the external circuit.

Do not connect the +5V outputs or the ±15V outputs to external power supplies. Connecting these outputs to external power supplies may damage the external supplies, the board, and the computer.

Do not draw more than 1.0A, total, from all +5V outputs combined. Drawing more than 1.0A, total, may damage the board. Also, keep in mind that the 5V output comes from the computer power bus. Know the limits of the computer 5V power bus and the current drawn from it by other boards and devices. Other demands on the 5V power bus may limit the current drawn from your board to less than 1.0A.

Do not draw more than 30mA from either the +15V output or the

-15V output. Drawing more than 30mA may damage the board.

NOTE KPCI-1800HC Series boards contain separate ground connections for

analog and digital signals. Use the analog ground (AGND) for analog signals and analog power; use the digital ground (DGND) for digital signals and other power-supply returns. Do this to avoid interference from digital switching noise currents on sensitive analog signals. However, be aware that both analog and digital grounds are tied together at the board PCI connector and are ultimately connected to the building system ground via the mains. See Figure 3-19. I/O connector pin assignments and descriptions for AGND and DGND are provided in Figure 3-1 and Tables 3-1 and 3-2.

Figure 3-19

Analog and digital ground path

AGND DGND

KPCI-1800HC Board

I/O Connector

PCI Connector

Host Computer

To Mains

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Installation 3-31

Wiring +5V power

Power at +5V for light external circuits, such as pull-up resistors, may be drawn indirectly from the host computer power bus via the KPCI-1800HC Series I/O connector. If you ensure that the following conditions are maintained, this power may also be used to energize external accessories:

• The total current drawn to power the board and all external circuits must not overload the computer power bus.

• The maximum total current drawn from all +5V pins on the I/O connector — A47, B47, A48, and B48 combined — must be less than 1.0A.

The +5V power is available through the terminals of screw terminal accessories as listed in Table 3-7.

Table 3-7

Power output terminals for STA-1800HC and STP-100 accessories

Label on screw terminal

accessory

STA-1800HCOn STP-100

+5V P1A-47

P1B-47 P1A-48 P1B-48

+15V P1B-37 B37 +15VDC output

-15V P1A-37 A37 -15VDC output A GND P1A-01

P1B-01 P1A-18 P1B-18 P1A-35 P1B-35

Any terminal labeled D GND

P1A-38 P1B-38 P1A-49 P1B-49 P1A-50 P1B-50

Corresponding I/O

connector

pin number Description

A47, B47, A48, B48 +5VDC output

A01, B01 A18, B18, A35, B35

A38, B38, A49, B49, A50, B50

Analog ground terminals

Digital ground

For more information about the screw terminal accessories, refer to Connecting an ST A-1800HC

screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board and Connecting an STP-100 screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board.

Wiring ±15V power

Part of the ±15V developed by a DC/DC converter on the KPCI-1800HC Series boardis available for external use. The ±15V power is convenient for use with light external circuits, such as operational ampliﬁers. However, do not draw more than 30mA, total, from either the +15V output or the -15V output.

The ±15V power is available through the terminals of screw terminal accessories as listed above in Table 3-7. For more information about the STA-1800HC or STP-100 accessories, refer to

Connecting an STA-1800HC screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board and Connecting an STP-100 screw terminal accessory to a KPCI-1800HC Series board.

DriverLINX Test Panels

4-2 DriverLINX Test Panels KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

The test panels are small applications programs within DriverLINX that allow you to perform limited data acquisition functions. You can use the panels to do tasks such as:

• Monitor one or two analog input channels on-screen.

• Set the levels of one or two analog output channels.

• Monitor and set digital input and output bits.

Test panels are designed primarily for testing the functions of your board. However, one panel in particular — the Analog I/O panel — can be useful for limited routine tasks.

DriverLINX Analog I/O Panel

The Analog I/O panel allows you to perform any one of the following ﬁve functions at any given time:

• To read voltages from two analog input channels on a digitizing oscilloscope screen. See Figure 4-1.

• To display a DC voltage from one analog input channel on a digital voltmeter screen. See Figure 4-2.

• To send a user-conﬁgurable sine-wave, square-wave, or triangular-wave signal from one or two analog output channels (the signal from two channels being identical). See Figure 4-3.

• To control the DC output voltages of two analog output channels. See Figure 4-4.

• To set and read all digital input and output bits on your board. See Figure 4-5.

Figure 4-1

Analog I/O Panel oscilloscope utility

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual DriverLINX Test Panels 4-3

Figure 4-2

Analog I/O Panel digital voltmeter utility

Figure 4-3

Analog I/O Panel function generator utility

4-4 DriverLINX Test Panels KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Figure 4-4

Analog I/O Panel output level control utility

Figure 4-5

Analog I/O Panel digital I/O utility

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual DriverLINX Test Panels 4-5

Starting the Analog I/O Panel

Start the DriverLINX Analog I/O Panel as follows:

1. In the Start menu, click Programs.

2. Find the DriverLINX → Test Panels folder, under which you should ﬁnd the AIO Panel

entry.

3. Click on the AIO Panel entry. The Analog I/O Panel setup screen appears.

• If a KPCI-1800HC Series board is the only board in your computer installed under DriverLINX, the setup screen looks like Figure 4-6.

Figure 4-6

Analog I/O Panel setup screen when only a KPCI-1800HC series board is installed under DriverLINX

• If more than one type of board is installed in your computer under DriverLINX, the Analog I/O Panel may appear more like Figure 4-7. Your board type and device number may not be displayed initially, and fewer tabs may be displayed at the top of the screen than in Figure 4-6. If so, click the scroll buttons next to the Driver Selection and Device Selection text boxes until your KPCI-1800 Series board type and device number are displayed. All six tabs will then be displayed.

4-6 DriverLINX Test Panels KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Figure 4-7

Analog I/O Panel setup screen example when multiple board types are installed under DriverLINX

Using the Analog I/O Panel

For more details about the program, refer to the Analog I/O Panel help menu. To review test procedures that use the digital voltmeter and level control utilities of the AIO panel, refer to Section 6, Analog input hardware test and Analog output hardware test.

DriverLINX Calibration Utility

The DriverLINX Calibration Utility displays the information needed to calibrate the analog I/O of your board and sets up the analog calibration parameters. It displays the following information for each calibration adjustment, tailored speciﬁcally to your board:

• When and where to connect a short circuit, a DVM/DMM, or a calibration voltage source.

• Which calibration voltage to use.

• Which calibration potentiometer to set and where it is physically located on the board, rela-

tive to the other calibration potentiometers.

• What you are trying to adjust to for a successful calibration: the A/D converter counts goal or Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) output voltage goal.

• How close the input calibration is to the goal — the A/D converter output, in counts.

For more information about the DriverLINX Calibration Utility and using it to calibrate your board, refer to Section 5, Calibration.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual DriverLINX Test Panels 4-7

DriverLINX Digital I/O Test Panel

The DriverLINX Digital I/O Test Panel provides a second means to set and read the digital I/O bits of your KPCI-1800HC board, in addition to the digital I/O utility of the Analog I/O panel. Because of its simplicity, the Digital I/O Test Panel is a convenient alternative for certain types of tests. Figure 4-8 shows the Digital I/O Test Panel.

Figure 4-8

DriverLINX Digital I/O Test Panel

When the Trigger option is set to Automatic, clicking on an output check box toggles the outputs of the eight KPCI-1800HC output bits ON or OFF. A check mark (√) in a check box signiﬁes ON. Bits 0, 1, 2,…7 correspond to digital outputs DO0, DO1,…DO7. When the Trigger option is set to Manual, the action is the same, except that you must click the Write button to update the outputs.

Clicking on input check boxes has no effect; they are read-only. When the Trigger option is set to Automatic, input check boxes 0, 1, 2, and 3 display the responses of the four KPCI-1800HC digital input bits (DI0/XPCLK, DI1/TGIN, DI2, and DI3). Input check boxes 4, 5, 6, and 7 are inactive. When the Trigger option is set to Manual, the action is the same, except that you must click the Read button to update the inputs.

4-8 DriverLINX Test Panels KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Starting the Digital I/O Test Panel

Start the Digital I/O Test Panel as follows:

1. Open the Windows Explorer.

2. Find and open the DrvLNX4 folder.

3. In the DrvLNX4 folder, ﬁnd and open the Bin folder.

4. In the DrvLNX4\Bin folder, double click the dio32.exe entry. A dialog box like Figure 4-9 appears.

Figure 4-9

Open DriverLINX dialog box

5. Under Select driver to open, select Keithley KPCI-1800 Series.

6. Click OK. The Digital I/O Test Panel appears.

Using the Digital I/O Test Panel

For Digital I/O Test Panel application examples, refer to Section 6, Digital I/O hardwar e test and Digital output hardware test.

Calibration

5-2 Calibration KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Introduction

Your KPCI-1800HC Series board was initially calibrated at the factory. You are advised to check the calibration of a board every six months and to calibrate again when necessary. This chapter provides the information you need to calibrate a KPCI-1800HC Series board.

Objectives

For analog inputs, the objective of this procedure is to zero the offsets and adjust the combined gain of the A/D converter and instrumentation ampliﬁer. For analog outputs, the objective is to independently zero the offset and adjust the gain for each of the two digital-to-analog converters (DACs) on your KPCI-1800HC board.

Calibration summary

Analog inputs and outputs are calibrated using onboard calibration potentiometers, a DC calibrator, a DVM/DMM, and the DriverLINX Calibration Utility. (The DriverLINX Calibration Utility was installed on your computer when you installed the DriverLINX software.) No test points on the board are used. Only connections to the I/O connector pins, via a screw terminal accessory, are needed.

Equipment

The DriverLINX calibration utility displays the following information for each calibration adjustment:

• When and where to connect a short circuit, a DVM/DMM, or a calibrator.

• Which calibrator voltage to use if you are calibrating an input for gain or unipolar offset.

• Which speciﬁc potentiometer to set and where it is physically located on the board relative to

the other calibration potentiometers. The correct potentiometer to adjust for each calibration operation is both highlighted in red and named in on-screen instructions.

• What you are trying to adjust to for a successful calibration: the ADC counts goal or DAC output voltage goal.

• How close the input calibration is to the goal. The A/D converter output is displayed, in counts.

The following equipment is needed to calibrate your KPCI-1800HC Series board:

• A digital voltmeter (DVM) or digital multimeter (DMM) accurate to 4½ digits, such as a Keithley Model 2000.

• An STP-100 or STA-1800HC screw terminal accessory to make analog connections to the board.

• A CAB-1800 Series cable to connect the screw terminal accessory to the KPCI-1800HC I/O connector.

• A DC calibrator or precisely adjustable and metered power supply having a 5VDC range and accurate to 4½ digits.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Calibration 5-3

Calibration procedure

This section describes the steps required to calibrate the analog inputs and outputs of your KPCI-1800HC board.

Preparing for the calibrations

1. Prepare your system for calibration as follows:

2. Warm up the calibrator and the DVM/DMM.

3. Turn OFF the host computer.

4. Connect the STP-100 or STA-1800HC screw terminal accessory to your KPCI-1800HC

board, using a CAB-1800 series cable. Refer to Section 3, Connecting interface accessories to a KPCI-1800HC Series board for more information about connecting these accessories.

5. Turn ON the host computer.

6. Start the calibration program as follows:

a. Click on the Windows Start tab. b. In the Start menu, click Programs. c. Find the DriverLINX folder and click the Test Panels → KPCI-1800 Calibration

Utility entry.

d. On the About dialog box that appears, click OK. The KPCI-1800 Calibration Utility dia-

log box appears. See Figure 5-1.

e. Continue with the next section, Calibrating the analog inputs.

Figure 5-1

KPCI-1800 Calibration Utility dialog box example

5-4 Calibration KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Calibrating the analog inputs

In this part of the procedure, offset and gain adjustments for the analog input and A/D Converter (ADC) circuits are made. Connect test signals through input channel 0. This sufﬁces for all input channels, because all input channels are essentially equivalent. The multiplexer introduces essentially no error. For example, only one gain adjustment simultaneously calibrates all channel gains to within speciﬁed accuracy.

Opening the Calibrate A/D dialog box

Open the Calibrate A/D dialog box by making the following selections in the KPCI-1800 Calibration Utility dialog box:

1. Under the Select categories located at the upper left side of the KPCI-1800 Calibration Utility dialog box, make the following selections:

a. Under Logical Device, select the KPCI-1800HC Series board that you wish to calibrate.

If only one KPCI-1800HC Series board is installed, it is displayed as the default.

b. Under Screw terminal panel, select the screw terminal accessory that you are using for

this procedure. Subsequent on-screen calibration instructions refer to terminal labels speciﬁc to your screw terminal accessory.

2. Under the Select categories at the upper right side of the dialog box, select Cal ADC.

3. Under Select categories near the bottom of the dialog box, select the following: a. Under Voltage Channel, select 0. b. Under Shorted Channel, select 0.

4. At the bottom of the dialog box click Next. The Calibrate A/D dialog box now appears. See Figure 5-2.

Figure 5-2

Example of a Calibrate A/D dialog box

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Calibration 5-5

In the Calibrate A/D dialog box, the tab attached to the frame picturing the calibration potentiometers should display the model number of your KPCI-1800HC Series board.

NOTE In each calibr ation procedure below , the potentiometer to be adjusted is

highlighted in red at the top of the Calibrate A/D dialog box.

Sequencing the analog input calibrations

In the next sections, four types of calibrations are outlined individually. The calibrations must be performed in the following basic order: ADC bipolar offset calibration, Offset RTI (referred to input), ADC unipolar offset, and ADC gain calibration. The recommended calibration sequence, with repetitions to compensate for slight interactions, is as follows:

1. ADC bipolar offset calibration

2. Offset RTI calibration

3. ADC bipolar offset calibration

4. Offset RTI calibration

5. ADC unipolar offset calibration

6. ADC gain calibration

7. ADC unipolar offset calibration

8. ADC gain calibration

For best results, repeat each calibration once more in the order below:

9. DC bipolar offset calibration

10. Offset RTI calibration

11. ADC unipolar offset calibration

12. ADC gain calibration

Performing the ADC bipolar offset calibration

Using the Calibrate A/D dialog box, perform the ADC bipolar offset calibration as follows:

1. Under Calibration Mode at left, click ADC Bipolar offset.

2. Short analog input channel 00 to ground as instructed on-screen under Connection.

3. While monitoring the A/D converter counts on-screen under Count, adjust potentiometer R152 until you achieve the count value that is speciﬁed on-screen under Adjustment.

Performing the offset RTI calibration

Using the Calibrate A/D dialog box, perform the offset RTI calibration as follows:

1. Under Calibration Mode at left, click Offset RTI.

2. Short analog input channel 00 to ground as instructed on-screen under Connection.

3. While monitoring the A/D converter counts on-screen under Count, adjust potentiometer R146 until you achieve the count value that is speciﬁed on-screen under Adjustment.

5-6 Calibration KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Performing the ADC unipolar offset calibration

Using the Calibrate A/D dialog box, perform the ADC unipolar offset calibration as follows:

1. Under Calibration Mode at left, click ADC Unipolar Offset.

2. Connect analog input channel 00 to the calibrator as instructed on-screen under Connection.

3. Set the calibrator voltage as instructed on-screen under Connection.

4. Under Count in the dialog box, monitor the A/D converter counts and adjust potentiometer

R148 until you achieve the count value that is speciﬁed on-screen under Adjustment.

Performing the ADC gain calibration

Using the Calibrate A/D dialog box, perform the ADC gain calibration input gain as follows:

1. Under Calibration Mode at left, click ADC Gain.

2. Connect analog input channel 00 to the calibrator as instructed on-screen under Connection.

3. Set the calibrator voltage as instructed on-screen under Connection.

4. Under Count in the dialog box, monitor the A/D converter counts and adjust potentiometer

R151 until you achieve the count value that is speciﬁed on-screen under Adjustment.

Calibrating the analog outputs

The KPCI-1800HC Series boards each have two independent analog outputs, provided by two digital-to-analog converters (DACs or D/A converters). The calibration ﬁrst zeros the offset and then adjusts the gain of each DAC.

Opening the Calibrate DAC dialog box

Open the Calibrate DAC dialog box as follows:

1. At the bottom of the Calibrate A/D dialog box click Back. The KPCI-1800 Calibration Utility dialog box reappears.

2. Under the Select at the upper right of the KPCI-1800 Calibration Utility dialog box, select Cal DAC.

3. Click Next at the bottom of the KPCI-1800 Calibration Utility dialog box. The Calibrate DAC dialog box appears. See Figure 5-3.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Calibration 5-7

Figure 5-3

Example of a Calibrate DAC dialog box

In the Calibrate DAC dialog box, the tab attached to the frame picturing the calibration potentiometers should display the model number of your KPCI-1800HC Series board.

NOTE In each remaining step, the potentiometer to be adjusted is highlighted

in red at the top of the Calibrate A/D dialog box.

Sequencing the analog output calibrations

In the next sections, two types of calibrations are outlined individually for each of the two analog outputs. The calibrations must be performed in the following basic order: D/A offset output voltage adjustment, then D/A gain output voltage adjustment. The recommended calibration sequence, with repetitions to compensate for slight interactions, is as follows:

1. D/A offset output voltage adjustment for DAC 0

2. D/A gain output voltage adjustment for DAC 0

3. D/A offset output voltage adjustment for DAC 0

4. D/A gain output voltage adjustment for DAC 0

5. D/A offset output voltage adjustment for DAC 1

6. D/A gain output voltage adjustment for DAC 1

7. D/A offset output voltage adjustment for DAC 1

8. D/A gain output voltage adjustment for DAC 1

5-8 Calibration KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Performing D/A offset output voltage adjustment

Using the Calibrate DAC dialog box, perform the D/A offset output voltage adjustment as follows:

1. Under Select DAC at left, select DAC 0 or DAC 1, as appropriate.

2. Under Calibration Mode at left, click D/A Offset.

3. Connect the DVM/DMM as instructed under Connections.

4. While monitoring the DVM/DMM, adjust the potentiometer speciﬁed under Adjustments until you achieve the DVM/DMM reading speciﬁed under Adjustments.

Performing the D/A gain output voltage adjustment

Using the Calibrate DAC dialog box, perform the D/A gain output voltage adjustment as follows:

1. Under Select DAC at left, select DAC 0 or DAC 1, as appropriate.

2. Under Calibration Mode at left, click D/A Gain.

3. Connect the DVM/DMM as instructed under Connections.

4. While monitoring the DVM/DMM, adjust the potentiometer speciﬁed under Adjustments until you achieve the DVM/DMM reading speciﬁed under Adjustments.

Finishing

To ﬁnish the calibration procedure, click Close at the bottom of on any of these dialog boxes:

• The Calibrate DAC dialog box

• The Calibrate A/D dialog box

• The KPCI-1800 Calibration Utility dialog box

The KPCI-1800 Calibration Utility closes.

NOTE Keithley recommends using Close to end the program, rather than the X

button in the upper right corner of the dialog box.

Troubleshooting

6-2 Troubleshooting KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

If your KPCI-1800HC Series board is not operating properly, use the information in this Chapter to isolate the problem before calling Keithley Applications Engineering. If you then need to contact an applications engineer, refer to the Technical support section.

Identifying symptoms and possible causes

Try to isolate the problem using Table 6-1, which lists general symptoms and possible solutions for KPCI-1800HC Series board problems.

Table 6-1

Basic troubleshooting information

Symptom Possible cause Possible cause validation/solution

Computer does not boot when board is installed.

After board and software are installed, mouse control is lost or system freezes.

Board does not respond to 1800HC Test Panel.

Data appears to be invalid.

Resource conﬂict. KPCI-1800HC series board is conﬂicting with other boards in the system.

Board not seated properly. Check the installation of the board. The power supply of the

host computer is too small to handle all the system resources.

An interrupt conﬂict occurred.

DriverLINX is not installed properly.

The board is incorrectly aligned in the expansion slot.

The board is damaged. Contact Keithley Applications Engineering. An open connection exists. Check screw terminal wiring. Transducer is not

connected to channel being read.

Signal and/or connections inappropriate for the selected input mode, differential or single-ended.

1. Validate the cause of the conﬂict. Temporarily unplug boards — especially ISA boards

— one at a time, and try booting the computer. Repeat until a boot is attained.

2. Try resolving conﬂicts by reinstalling one PCI board at a time and rebooting after

each reinstallation.

However, you may ultimately need to change ISA board resource allocations, such as base address or interrupt assignments.

Check the needs of all system resources and obtain a larger power supply.

Unplug the board to regain mouse control. Look closely at the COM ports and at the interrupts of other devices.

Check the Windows Device Manager and follow the installation troubleshooting instructions in the DriverLINX on-line help.

Check the board for proper seating.

Check the transducer connections.

Ensure that correct input mode — differential or single-ended — is being used for your signal conditions and that input is wired properly for this mode. Refer to Section 3, Wiring analog input signals.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Troubleshooting 6-3

Table 6-1 (cont.)

Basic troubleshooting information

Symptom Possible cause Possible cause validation/solution

Intermittent operation

Vibrations or loose connections exist.

Cushion source of vibration and tighten connections.

The board is overheating. Check environmental and ambient

temperature. Refer to your computer documentation.

Electrical noise exists. Provide better shielding or reroute unshielded

wiring.

System lockup during operation.

A timing error occurred. Restart your computer. Then analyze your

program by debugging and narrowing the list of possible failure locations.

Plug and Play cannot tell if an ISA board already uses an address that it assigns to a PCI board.

Plug and Play may then assign different, nonconﬂicting addresses to the PCI boards.

If your board is not operating properly after using the information in Table 6-1, continue with the next section to further isolate the problem.

Systematic problem isolation

If you were unable to isolate the problem by using Table 6-1, then use the systematic problem isolation that follows.

For clarity, the systematic problem isolation procedure is divided into seven schemes, each of which checks for, eliminates, and/or resolves problem causes. Each scheme consists of a ﬂowchart and, in some cases, an ampliﬁed written procedure. The numbers of ﬂowchart blocks are keyed to the numbers of written steps.

For simplicity, your problem is assumed to have only one cause. A particular scheme may not itself isolate this cause. Rather, performance of several schemes in series may be required to analyze your problem. One scheme may eliminate potential causes from further consideration, then direct you to another scheme that ultimately isolates the problem. You need perform only those schemes to which you are directed.

If the cause of your problem appears to be outside the scope of the systematic isolation procedure, the procedure directs you to call Keithley for help.

The seven problem isolation schemes are as follows:

• Scheme A checks for three basic system problems.

• Scheme B checks DriverLINX installation and board recognition by DriverLINX.

• Scheme C addresses application software bugs when the source code is accessible.

• Scheme D addresses apparent expansion slot malfunctions and attempted remedies.

• Scheme E addresses potential external connection problems.

• Scheme F addresses apparently malfunctioning board(s).

• Scheme G veriﬁes that earlier schemes have found and addressed the problem.

Start the systematic isolation procedure at the next section, entitled Pr oblem isolation Scheme A: basic system.

6-4 Troubleshooting KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

CAUTION Always turn OFF your computer and any external circuits con-

nected to the KPCI-1800HC Series board before removing or replacing the board. Removing or replacing a board with the power ON can damage the board, the computer, the external circuit, or all three.

Handle the board at the mounting bracket, using a grounded wrist strap. Do not touch the circuit traces or connector contacts. If you do not have a grounded wrist strap, periodically discharge static electricity by placing one hand ﬁrmly on a grounded metal portion of the computer chassis.

NOTE In the following procedure, the term “board” always refers to a

KPCI-1800HC Series board. The procedure never directs you to install or remove any type of board other than a KPCI-1800HC Series board.

In the ﬂowcharts of Schemes A through G, the number in brackets in each block (e.g. [6]) refers to the corresponding step number in the ampliﬁed written procedure. If multiple blocks in the ﬂowchart have the same number, each of those blocks is part of a single verbal step. Conversely, if there is a range of numbers in the brackets (e.g . [4, 5 or 8-10], the block summarizes multiple verbal steps.

The logic used in the systematic problem isolation sc hemes assumes that the problem has only one cause. Therefore, once a cause is found and corrected, the reader is instructed to reassemble the system and verify proper operation.

Each individual scheme in this procedure, except for Scheme A, is designed to be used only if called for by other schemes or procedures. For example, Scheme B is called for by Scheme A. Scheme B is also called for as a post-installation check in Section 3 of this manual and in the “Read This Fir st” sheet that shipped with your boar d. If you attempt to use schemes independently, you will lose the beneﬁts of systematic problem isolation.

Problem isolation Scheme A: basic system

In Scheme A, you start the systematic problem isolation procedure. You remove your KPCI-1800HC Series board(s) and check them for apparent damage. If the board looks okay, you check the independent functionality of your computer. If the computer is okay, you check the expansion slots that held your KPCI-1800HC board(s). Refer to Figure 6-1 and the written ampliﬁcation following it.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Troubleshooting 6-5

Figure 6-1

Problem isolation Scheme A: basic system

Start systematic

problem isolation

[1] Turn OFF computer, disconnect &

remove all KPCI-1800HC Series boards,

and inspect

[2] Replace

the bad

board

Go to

Scheme G

[2] Is board damage

apparent on

inspection?

[4] Fix the

computer

malfunctions

Go to

Scheme G

[6, 7] Install OK board in slot of a board removed in step A1, and

DriverLINX may not be

installed correctly and/or the

board may not be properly

recognized by DriverLINX

[3] Check if host computer

check if PCI resources list now includes a new device

functions OK by itself?

[4] Does computer

function OK by itself?

(Next tests look for board-

independent problems)

[5] Determine what PCI devices have

already been found by computer

[8] Have you checked all boards

removed in step A1

[9] Are all slots checked with

OK board seen as PCI

devices?

[4] Have a KPCI-

1800HC board

known to be OK?

Apparent expansion slot

[4] Get

Keithley help

problem

Go to

Scheme B

Go to

Scheme D

Follow these ampliﬁed instructions as you perform Scheme A:

1. Remove and inspect the board for damage as follows: a. Shut down Windows 95/98/NT and turn OFF power to the host computer. b. Turn OFF power to all external circuits and accessories connected to the KPCI-1800HC

Series board(s) that is installed.

c. Disconnect STP-100 or STA-1800HC screw terminal accessory(s) from your

KPCI-1800HC series board(s).

•

6-6 Troubleshooting KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

d. Remove the KPCI-1800HC Series board from the computer, making note of the socket in

which it was installed. If more than one KPCI-1800HC Series board is installed, remove all KPCI-1800HC Series boards.

e. Visually inspect the removed KPCI-1800HC Series board(s) for damage.

2. Based on the results of step 1, do the following: If the board(s) you removed in step 1 is not obviously damaged, then skip to step 3 and

check for host computer malfunction. If the board(s) you removed in step 1 is obviously damaged, then repair or replace the

board. Refer to Technical support for information on returning the board for repair or replacement. Skip to Scheme G.

3. Check if the computer functions satisfactorily by itself. Proceed as follows:

a. Place the board(s) that you removed from the computer in step 1 in an electrostatically

safe location. Do not reinstall it.

b. Turn ON power to the host computer. c. Perform all needed diagnostics to determine whether your computer hardware and oper-

ating system are functioning properly.

4. Based on the results of step 3, do one of the following:

a. If you ﬁnd no computer or operating system malfunctions in step 3, then the problem

likely lies elsewhere; perform the following steps:

If you have another KPCI-1800HC Series board that you know is good, i.e. works properly, then proceed to step 5.

If you do not have another KPCI-1800HC Series board that you know is good, i.e. works properly, read the instructions in Technical support . Then contact Keithley for help in isolating the cause of your problem.

b. If you ﬁnd computer or operating system malfunctions in step 3, do the following:

Determine the cause of the computer hardware or operating system malfunctions and ﬁx them.

Assume that ﬁxing the malfunctions has solved your problem, and skip to Scheme G.

5. Determine the PCI resources detected by your computer before any KPCI-1800HC Series

boards are installed. Proceed as follows: a. Shut down Windows 95/98/NT and turn OFF power to the host computer. b. Insert a blank diskette, or any diskette that you are sure is unbootable, into the A: drive. c. Turn ON the computer and allow it to start the boot cycle.

The boot cycle stalls at a text screen listing system characteristics and resources and, at the bottom, saying: Non-system disk or disk error. Replace and press any key when ready.

NOTE

This system characteristics and resources screen is normally displayed only ﬂeetingly during the boot cycle. Having an unbootable diskette in your computer automatically stops the boot cycle at this screen, allowing for convenient viewing. This is not harmful to your computer. The more common approach — using the P

AUSE

key to pause the boot cycle

at this screen — requires fast reﬂexes with some systems.

d. Note the displayed list of PCI devices under a heading something like PCI device

listing… . If you have a printer, print the screen by pressing the Print Screen key.

e. Remove the diskette and allow the boot cycle to ﬁnish.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Troubleshooting 6-7

6. Install a good board — a KPCI-1800HC Series board that you know is fully functional — as follows:

a. Shut down Windows 95/98/NT and turn OFF power to the host computer. b. Install the good board in the slot from which you removed the potentially faulty board in

step 1. Refer to Installing the KPCI-1800HC Series board near the beginning of Section 3, for board installation instructions.

NOTE If you removed more than one board in step 1, install only one good

board in only one expansion slot.

Do not connect any external circuits to the board at this point

7. Again determine the PCI resources detected by your computer, after the KPCI-1800HC Series board is installed. Windows 95 Plug and Play should ﬁnd and conﬁgure the new board as a PCI resource if all of the following are true:

• The board functions properly as a PCI device.

• The contacts of the expansion slot in which the OK board is installed are in good

condition.

• The OK board is seated properly in the expansion slot. Do the following, as you did in step 5: a. Insert an unbootable diskette. b. Turn ON the computer and allow the boot cycle to stall at the Non-system disk or disk

error… message.

c. Again, note the displayed list of PCI devices. A new device should be listed, likely as an

unidentiﬁed peripheral. If your resource listing includes PCI slot numbers, the slot number for the new device should match the number of the slot in which your board is installed.

d. Remove the diskette and allow the boot cycle to ﬁnish.

8. If you removed KPCI-1800HC Series boards from other PCI slots in step 1, then repeat steps 6 and 7 with the good board in each of these other slots.

9. Based on the results of steps 5 through 8, do one of the following: a. If the good board is recognized as a PCI component in all slots tested, then the PCI slots

are apparently satisfactory. DriverLINX may not be installed correctly and/or the board may not be properly conﬁgured. Continue with Scheme B.

b. If the good board is not recognized as a PCI component in a slot(s), then the PCI slot con-

nector(s) is suspect. Continue with Scheme D.

Problem isolation Scheme B: installation

In Scheme B, you check whether DriverLINX and your board are installed correctly and work together properly. A proper start of the DriverLINX Analog I/O Panel utility means that the combined DriverLINX/board installation is okay. If the installation is not okay, you try to diagnose and ﬁx the problem, ultimately reinstalling DriverLINX and the board if necessary. Refer to Figure 6-2 and the written ampliﬁcation following it.

6-8 Troubleshooting KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Figure 6-2

Problem isolation Scheme B: installation

From Scheme

A or new

install

[1] Try starting Analog I/O Panel

[2] Can you start panel, then

[13] Reinstall the KPCI-1800HC

Series board

[12] Reinstall KPCI-1800

DriverLINX

[11] Uninstall DriverLINX (KPCI-

1800 DriverLINX only)

[10] Remove the KPCI-1800HC

Series board from the list of

devices

[9] Remove the KPCI-1800HC

Series board physically

[3] Get

Keithley

help

Parts of DriverLINX may not be

installed

correctly

display: KPCI-1800 driver

number; OK device number;

Scope, Meter, SST, Level

Control, and DIO tabs?

[3] Did you arrive at this

point

after

reconfiguring or reinstalling the DriverLINX-board

combination?

[4] Do configuration checks

[5] Board fully installed

and configured under

DriverLINX?

Board found as PCI device in Scheme A,

yet don’t see

it in Device

Manager

[B2] Get Keithley

help

[8] Is the KPCI1800HC Series

board now

configured?

[5] Board listed in

Device Manager

under “? Other

Devices?”

[6] Doing Scheme

B as installation

check?

Apparently there are

problems beyond normal

installation issues,

requiring full systematic

problem isolation routine

Go to

Scheme A

[7] Try to configure

your board using

the DriverLINX

Configuration Panel

DriverLINX and/or

board installation or

configuration errors

were not the problem,

so there may be

application software

issues

Go to

Scheme C

[5] Board is listed in

Device Manager under

DriverLINX but is not

fully configured?

[14] Did you arrive at this

point

after

reconfiguring or reinstalling the DriverLINX-board

combination?

DriverLINX and/or

board installation or

configuration errors

were likely the problem,

which apparently is

fixed

Go to

Scheme G

[14] Doing

Scheme B as

installation

check?

Installation

is OK

Return to

install

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Troubleshooting 6-9

Follow these amplified instructions as you perform Scheme B:

1. Try starting the DriverLINX Analog I/O Panel. Proceed as follows:

a. In the Start menu, click Programs. b. Find the DriverLINX → T est Panels folder, under which you should ﬁnd the AIO Panel

entry.

c. Click on the AIO Panel entry.

2. Based on the results of Step 1, select one of the following:

• Case A — If both of the following statements are true, then skip to step 14; DriverLINX and your board are installed properly and are working together.

- KPCI-1800HC board is the only board in your computer installed under DriverLINX.

- The DriverLINX Analog I/O Panel appears as in Figure 6-3, with KPCI1800 listed

under Driver Selection and Device 0 listed under Device Selection.

Figure 6-3

Analog I/O Panel setup screen when only KPCI-1800HC series boards are installed under DriverLINX

• Case B — If all three of the following statements are true, then skip to step 14; DriverLINX and your board are installed properly and are working together.

- More than one type of board is installed in your computer under DriverLINX.

- The DriverLINX Analog I/O Panel initially appears similar to Figure 6-3 but with any

or all of the following differences: 1) tiny buttons located at the right side of the Driver Selection text box and/or the Device Selection text box; 2) a different board driver under Driver Selection; 3) a different device number under Device Selection; 4) different tabs at the top of the screen. See Figure 6-4.

- The tabs at the top of the screen look like the tabs in Figure 6-3 after you do the following, using the tiny buttons next to the text boxes: 1) select the board driver under Driver Selection to be KPCI1800 and 2) select the correct device number under Device Selection, which is 0 if only one KPCI-1800HC Series board is installed.

6-10 Troubleshooting KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

Figure 6-4

Analog I/O Panel example setup screen when multiple board types are installed under DriverLINX

• Case C — If neither of the two scenarios above apply — neither Case A nor Case B, then continue with step 3; there may be a problem with the DriverLINX installation and/or board conﬁguration.

3. Select the next step in Scheme B based on the criteria given in the following alternatives:

• If you have already reconﬁgured or reinstalled DriverLINX and the board, yet still cannot successfully start the Analog I/O Panel, then the cause of your problem may be outside the scope of these diagnostics. Read the instructions in Technical support and then con- tact Keithley for help in isolating the cause of your problem.

• If you have not yet tried to ﬁx the combined DriverLINX/board problem, then continue with step 4.

4. See if and how your KPCI-1800HC Series board is listed in the Windows Device Manager. Proceed as follows:

a. Right-click the My Computer icon on your desktop. b. On the menu that appears, click Properties. c. On the System Properties dialog box that appears, click the Device Manager tab. The

Device Manager appears. d. In the Device Manager look for a DriverLINX drivers item. e. If you ﬁnd a DriverLINX drivers item, click the + sign to the left of this item.

A second level list may appear with the speciﬁc model number of your KPCI-1800HC

Series board. More than one KPCI-1800HC Series board may be listed here if you

installed more than one KPCI-1800HC Series board.

f. Select your next action based on the criteria given in the following alternatives:

• If a board is recognized as a device under DriverLINX but is not conﬁgured to work with DriverLINX, then the board is normally listed with a large exclamation point over it, as shown in Figure 6-5. If you ﬁnd a KPCI-1800HC Series board listed with an exclamation point over it, keep the Device Manager open and go directly to step 5. Skip substeps 4g through 4j.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Troubleshooting 6-11

Figure 6-5

Listing of improperly conﬁgured/installed KPCI-1800HC Series board

6-12 Troubleshooting KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

• If a board is recognized as a device under DriverLINX and is conﬁgured to work with DriverLINX, then the board is listed without the large exclamation point over it, as shown in Figure 6-6. However, though a listing as in Figure 6-6 is a necessary indication of a complete KPCI-1800HC Series board conﬁguration, it is not by itself a sufﬁcient indication in at least one situation. Therefore, if you ﬁnd that all of your KPCI-1800HC Series boards are listed in the Device Manger without exclamation points, do as follows:

- Leave the Device Manager open for now.

- Continue with substeps 4g through 4j, in which you open and check the Driver-

LINX Conﬁguration Panel.

Figure 6-6

Appearance of device manager listing when KPCI-1800HC Series board is properly conﬁgured/installed

• If the list of devices in the Device Manager includes an ? Other Devices item, also click the + sign to the left of this item (see the ? near the bottom of Figure 6-6). If a KPCI-1800HC Series board is listed under ? Other Devices, then keep the Device Manager open and go directly to step 5. Skip substeps 4g through 4j.

• If one or more of your KPCI-1800HC Series boards is not listed anywhere in the Device Manager, then keep the Device Manager open and go directly to step 5. Skip substeps 4g through 4j.

g. In the Start menu, click Programs. h. Find the DriverLINX folder and under it click DriverLINX Conﬁguration Panel.

The DriverLINX Conﬁguration Panel appears. See the examples in Figures 6-7 and 6-8.

KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual Troubleshooting 6-13

Figure 6-7

Example of a DriverLINX Conﬁguration Panel before a KPCI-1800HC Series board is conﬁgured

Figure 6-8

Example of a DriverLINX Conﬁguration Panel after a KPCI-1800HC Series board is conﬁgured

i. Inspect the DriverLINX Conﬁguration Panel

• If you see the following on the screen for a KPCI-1800 Series board (and partly on uncolored Figure 6-7), then the board is recognized as a device under DriverLINX but is not properly conﬁgured:

- Keithley KPCI-1800 Series is listed under DriverLINX.

- The ampliﬁer icon next to Keithley KPCI-1800 Series is colored yellow.

6-14 Troubleshooting KPCI-1800HC Series User’s Manual

- The speciﬁc board part number(s) of the unconﬁgured Keithley KPCI-1800HC Series board(s) is listed under Keithley KPCI-1800 Series.

- The lamp icon next to the speciﬁc board part number is uncolored.

• If you see the following on the screen for a KPCI-1800 Series board (and partly on

uncolored Figure 6-8), then the board is recognized as a device under DriverLINX and is properly conﬁgured:

- Keithley KPCI-1800 Series is listed under DriverLINX.

- The ampliﬁer icon next to Keithley KPCI-1800 Series is colored pale gray.

- A device number — for example, Device0 — is listed under Keithley KPCI-1800

Series, instead of a speciﬁc board part number.

- The lamp icon next to the device number is colored green.

j. Leave the DriverLINX Conﬁguration Panel open for now and continue with step 5.

5. Based on the results of step 4, do one of the following:

• If your board is properly installed and conﬁgured, your inability to run the Analog I/O Panel may be due to an improperly installed component of DriverLINX. Skip to step 9, and begin uninstalling, then reinstalling DriverLINX and the board.

• If one of your KPCI-1800HCD boards is apparently recognized by DriverLINX but is listed in the Device Manager under DriverLINX with a large exclamation point, then try conﬁguring it with the DriverLINX Conﬁguration Panel. Skip to step 7.

• If one of your KPCI-1800HC boards is listed under ? Other Devices, or is listed in the Device Manager at multiple places, then skip to step 9 and begin uninstalling, then reinstalling DriverLINX and the board.

• If your board is not listed at all in the Device Manager, there are apparently issues other than the combined DriverLINX/board installation. Continue with step 6.

6. Select the next step in Scheme B based on the criteria given in the following alternatives:

• If you are performing Scheme B independently as an installation check, then noninstallation issues must apparently be resolved before you can successfully run your board. Starting at Scheme A, proceed through the systematic problem isolation procedure.

• If you are performing Scheme B as part of the systematic problem isolation procedure, then you should have seen your board listed in the device manager at this point in the procedure. The cause of your problem may be outside the scope of these diagnostics. Read the instructions in Technical support, and then contact Keithley for help in isolating the cause of your problem.

7. Try to reconﬁgure your board using the DriverLINX conﬁguration panel, which you opened in step 4 and should still be open. Proceed as follows:

a. In the DriverLINX Conﬁguration Panel, select an unconﬁgured KPCI-1800HC Series

board by clicking on the part number.

b. Click the Conﬁgure button. The Select Logical Device dialog box appears as in

Figure 6-9.

Figure 6-9

Selecting the logical device number

Tektronix KPCI-1800HC Primary User

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Safety Precautions

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

List of Tables

Overview

Preface

Hardware characteristics

System requirements

Software

Accessories

Functional Description

Analog input features

Analog output features

Digital input and output features

Power

Installation

Installing the software

Installing and wiring to the KPCI-1800HC Series board

DriverLINX Test Panels

DriverLINX Analog I/O Panel

DriverLINX Calibration Utility

DriverLINX Digital I/O Test Panel

Calibration

Introduction

Calibration procedure

Troubleshooting

Identifying symptoms and possible causes

Systematic problem isolation