Tektronix IConnect,MeasureXtractor User Manual
User Manual
IConnectR and MeasureXtractort
TDR and VNA Software
071-1835-01
This document applies to software version 4.0 and
above.
www.tektronix.com
Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or
suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions.
Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supercedes
that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privile ges reserved.
TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.
IConnect is a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc.
MeasureXtractor is a trademark of Tektronix, Inc.
Contacting Tektronix
Tektronix, Inc.
14200 SW Karl Braun Drive
P.O. Box 500
Beaverton, OR 97077
USA
For product information, sales, service, and technical support:
H In North America, call 1-800-833-9200.
H Worldwide, visit www.tektronix.com to find contacts in your area.
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Tektronix warrants that the media on which this software product is furnished and the encoding of the programs on
the media will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3) months from the date of
shipment. If any such medium or encoding proves defective during the warranty period, Tektronix will provide a
replacement in exchange for the defective medium. Except as to the media on which this software product is
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Tektronix does not warrant that the functions contained in thi s software product will meet Customer’s
requirements or that the operation of the programs will be uninterrupted or error-free.
In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration
of the warranty period. If Tektronix is unable to provide a replacement that is free from defects in materials and
workmanship within a reasonable time thereafter, Customer may terminate the license for this software product
and return this software product and any associated materials for credit or refund.
THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY
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OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
Table of Contents
Getting Started
Operating Basics
IConnect Overview 1--1...............................................
What You Can Do With IConnect 1--3...................................
IConnect Installation Notes 1--5........................................
Adobe Acrobat Reader 1--6............................................
Manual Sentinel Hardware Key Driver Installation, Removal,
and Configuration 1--6............................................
Getting Started With IConnect 1--7......................................
IConnect Shortcuts 1--8...............................................
Enhancements and Improvements i n IConnect 4.0 1--10......................
Enhancements and Improvements i n IConnect 3.6 1--11......................
Preparing to Take Measurements 2--2....................................
True Impedance Profile (Z-Line) Computation Tutorial 2--6..................
What is True Impedance Profile? 2--6................................
True Impedance Profile in Failure Analysis 2--7........................
Measurements for Impedance Profile Analysis 2--7.....................
DUT Connections 2--9............................................
Setting up the Impedance Profile 2--10................................
Computing the Impedance Profile 2--10...............................
Using Cursor Readout 2--11.........................................
Using the Zoom Tool 2--12..........................................
Using Impedance Averaging 2--13....................................
Using Differential Impedance Profile 2--14.............................
Eye Diagram Tutorial 2--15.............................................
Waveform Acquisition and Setup 2--16................................
Choosing the Proper Termination 2--17................................
Selecting a Reference 2--18.........................................
DUT Connections 2--18............................................
Loading Data 2--19................................................
Display the Eye 2--21..............................................
Eye Diagram Options 2--22.........................................
Display the Final Eye 2--22.........................................
Eye Diagram Zooming 2--23........................................
Eye Masking Testing 2--24..........................................
Measure Jitter 2--24...............................................
Correlation 2--25..................................................
System Eye Diagram 2--27..........................................
S-Parameter Computation Tutorial 2--27..................................
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What are S-Parameters? 2--27.......................................
Waveform Acquisition and Setup 2--28................................
S--Parameter Data Acquisition 2--29..................................
DUT Connections 2--30............................................
Differential, Common, and Mixed Modes 2--30.........................
Compute S--Parameters 2--32........................................
S--Parameter Options 2--33..........................................
Calibration 2 --34..................................................
Choosing the Data Display 2--34.....................................
Differential Example 2--35..........................................
Exporting Touchstone 2--37.........................................
Correlation 2--38..................................................
Lumped LC Computation Tutorial 2--39...................................
Waveform Acquisition and Setup 2--39................................
Measurement Setup Tips 2--40.......................................
Self Inductance 2--41..............................................
Self Capacitance 2--42.............................................
Mutual Inductance 2--43............................................
Mutual Capacitance 2--44...........................................
I/O Buffer Input Capacitance 2--46...................................
Simulate 2--46....................................................
Single and Coupled Line Modeling Tutorial 2--48...........................
Waveform Acquisition and Setup 2--48................................
DUT Connections 2--49............................................
Loading Data 2--50................................................
Computing Z--Line 2--51...........................................
Windowing the Data 2--52..........................................
Partitioning Details 2--53...........................................
Other Practical Details 2--54........................................
Symmetric Coupled Model Details 2--54...............................
Saving the Model 2--56.............................................
Simulating 2--57..................................................
PWL Source 2--58.................................................
Analyzing the Results 2--59.........................................
Risetime Filtering 2--60............................................
Lossy Line Modeling Tutorial 2--60......................................
Waveform Acquisition and Setup 2--61................................
Choosing the Extract Termination Type 2--62...........................
DUT Connections 2--62............................................
Loading Data 2--63................................................
Model Extraction 2--64.............................................
Model Accuracy 2--65.............................................
Other Practical Details 2--66........................................
Choosing the Output Format 2--67....................................
Saving the Model 2--67.............................................
Simulating 2--69..................................................
PWL Source 2--70.................................................
Analyzing the Results 2--71.........................................
Eye Diagram 2--72................................................
MeasureXtractor Modeling Tutorial 2--73.................................
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Waveform Acquisition and Setup 2--73................................
Choosing the Extraction Termination Type 2--74........................
DUT Connections 2--75............................................
Loading Data 2--76................................................
Model Extraction 2--78.............................................
Model Accuracy 2--78.............................................
Saving the Model 2--79.............................................
Simulating 2--81..................................................
PWL TDR Source 2--82............................................
Analyzing the Results 2--83.........................................
IConnect Measure- Model- Simulate Methodology
The Value of Measure-Model-Simulate 3--1...............................
Measure-Model-Simulate within IConnect 3--2............................
Measurement
Measurement Overview 4--1...........................................
GPIB Installation 4--1................................................
Running IConnect on the Tektronix DSA8200 and TDS/CSA8000 Series 4--2....
Oscilloscope Setup 4--3...............................................
Configuring IConnect to Communicate with your Instrument 4--3.............
Waveform Acquisition 4--6............................................
Saving and Restoring the Instrument Setup 4--10............................
Measurement Tips 4--11...............................................
Table of Contents
Models
Model Extraction Overview 5--1........................................
Model Extraction Tips 5--2............................................
Simple Source 5--3...................................................
PWL Source 5--3....................................................
PWL Source Measure Tab 5--4......................................
PWL Source Model Tab 5--4.......................................
Lumped 5--5........................................................
Passive Equalizer 5--6................................................
Lumped Coupled 5--7................................................
Single Line 5--9.....................................................
SingleLineMeasureTab 5--10.......................................
Single Line Model Tab 5--11........................................
Single Line Simulate Tab 5--13......................................
Symmetric Coupled Lines 5--14.........................................
Symmetric Coupled Lines Measure Tab 5--16...........................
Symmetric Coupled Lines Model Tab 5--18............................
Symmetric Coupled Lines Simulate Tab 5--20..........................
Lossy Line 5--21.....................................................
Lossy Line Measure Tab 5--23.......................................
Lossy Line Model Tab 5--24.........................................
Lossy Line Simulate Tab 5--27.......................................
Symmetric Coupled Lossy Lines 5--29....................................
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Symmetric Coupled Lossy Lines Measures Tab 5--30.....................
Symmetric Coupled Lossy Lines Model Tab 5--31.......................
Symmetric Lossy Lines Simulate Tab 5-- 35............................
Data Driven Models 5--36..............................................
Data Driven Measure Tabs 5--38.....................................
Data Driven Model Tabs 5--42.......................................
Data Driven Simulate Tabs 5--43.....................................
Data Driven Single Line 5--43...........................................
Data Driven Coupled Lines 5--45........................................
Generic 2-port 5--47...................................................
Termination 5--48.....................................................
Composite Model 5--49................................................
Composite Model Measure Tab and TDR/T Viewer 5--50.................
Composite Model Schematic Viewer 5-- 50.............................
Composite Model Simulate Tab 5--53.................................
Composite Model Eye Diagram Viewer 5--57...........................
Eye Diagram Computation and Mask Testing 5--58..........................
Waveforms for Eye Diagram Computation 5--59........................
Eye Diagram Options 5--60.........................................
Adding Crosstalk to an Eye Diagram 5--64.............................
Eye Measurements and Analysis 5--66.................................
Partitioning Waveforms in IConnect 5--71.................................
Simulation
Managing and Viewing
Waveforms
The EZ Zline Viewer
Verification Overview 6--1............................................
Configuring IConnect to Communicate with your Simulator 6--2..............
IConnect Linear Simulator 6--4.........................................
Model Verification with Multiple Simulators 6--5..........................
Model Verification Tips 6--6...........................................
The Waveform Viewers 7--1...........................................
Waveform Selection 7--6..............................................
Waveform File Operations 7--8.........................................
Waveform Viewing Operations 7--10.....................................
Using Labels in the Waveform Viewers 7--12...............................
Importing and Exporting Waveform Data 7--15.............................
Importing and Exporting Tabular Data 7--15............................
Importing and Exporting S--Parameter Data in Touchstone Format 7--19.....
Opening the EZ Z-Line Viewer 8--1.....................................
The EZ Z-Line Viewer Window Elements 8--2............................
Golden Setup 8--4...................................................
Taking DUT Z-Line Measurements with a Golden Setup 8--8.................
Taking DUT Z-Line Measurements Without a Golden Setup 8--10..............
Adjusting for Instrument Drift 8-- 11......................................
Adjust to Position Feature 8 --12.........................................
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Waveform Computations
Waveform Computations Overview 9--1..................................
Waveform Filtering 9--3..............................................
Impedance Profile Computation 9--4.....................................
Step Spectrum Computation 9--7........................................
S-Parameter Computation 9--9.........................................
Capacitance and Inductance Computation 9--11.............................
Flip Waveform 9--16..................................................
Waveform Math 9--17.................................................
Utilities
Screen Capture 10--1..................................................
E-mail Utilities 10-- 2..................................................
User Options
Table of Contents
Self Inductance Computation 9--13...................................
Self Capacitance Computation 9--14..................................
Mutual Inductance Computation 9--15.................................
Mutual Capacitance Computation 9--16................................
General Options 11--1.................................................
Computation Options 11--2.............................................
Simulation Options 11--3...............................................
Waveform Viewer Options 11--5.........................................
Command Line Interface
Conventions 12--1....................................................
Formats 12--2........................................................
Limitations 12--3.....................................................
Syntax 12--3.........................................................
Example CLI Statements 12--10..........................................
Error Reporting 12--14..................................................
Troubleshooting Tips 12--17.............................................
Appendices
Appendix A: Troubleshooting A--1...............................
Overview A--1.......................................................
Installation problems A--1.............................................
Problems Viewing On-line Documentation A--1............................
GPIB Card not recognized A--2.........................................
Oscilloscope connection will not work A--2...............................
Simulation A--3......................................................
Printing A--4........................................................
Appendix B: References B--1....................................
Index
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Table of Contents
List of Figures
Figure 1--1: IConnect data analysis and model
validation windows. 1--1.....................................
Figure 2--1: Displaying the Acquisition window 2-- 2.................
Figure 2--2: Instrument Settings tab in the Acquisition
dialog box 2--3.............................................
Figure 2--3: Use Instrument Settings to match the
oscilloscope settings 2--4.....................................
Figure 2--4: Incorrect Acquisition Window. 2--5....................
Figure 2--5: Correct Acquisition Window 2--5......................
Figure 2--6: True impedance profile example 2--6...................
Figure 2--7: Using the true impedance profile 2--7...................
Figure 2--8: The Acquisition dialog box 2-- 8........................
Figure 2--9: DUT setup for differential reference, reflection,
and transmission 2--9.......................................
Figure 2--10: Selecting waveforms for the impedance profile
computation 2--10...........................................
Figure 2--11: The impedance profile as displayed in the
waveform viewer 2--11.......................................
Figure 2--12: The cursor readout for the computed impedance
profile waveform 2--12.......................................
Figure 2--13: Zooming in and out on a waveform view 2--13...........
Figure 2--14: The Single Line model button 2--13....................
Figure 2--15: Using the Single Line model viewer to measure
average impedance 2--14.....................................
Figure 2--16: Eye Diagram 2--15..................................
Figure 2--17: You can initiate a lossy line model from either the
Model menu or from the Model toolbar 2-- 17....................
Figure 2--18: Select Termination Type 2--18.........................
Figure 2--19: Measurement connection scheme 2--19..................
Figure 2--20: Loading waveforms into the Lossy Line model 2--20......
Figure 2--21: Instrument interface window 2--20.....................
Figure 2--22: The Display button in the Eye Diagram area 2--21........
Figure 2--23: Eye diagram display 2--21............................
Figure 2--24: Eye Diagram and Mask Options dialog 2--22............
Figure 2--25: Display the eye diagram 2--23.........................
Figure 2--26: Choose the zoom method 2--23........................
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Figure 2--27: Select a polygon 2 --24................................
Figure 2--28: Display the eye measurements 2--25....................
Figure 2--29: Directly measured eye diagram response 2--25...........
Figure 2--30: Eye diagram response from TDT measurements 2--26.....
Figure 2--31: System used to measure and predict the
eye diagram 2--27...........................................
Figure 2--32: Mapping between scattering parameters and
TDR/T measurements 2--29...................................
Figure 2--33: Measurement termination scheme 2--30.................
Figure 2--34: Differential-Differential block of mixed mode
S-Parameters 2--31..........................................
Figure 2--35: Common-Common block of mixed mode
S-Parameters 2--31..........................................
Figure 2--36: Mode Conversion block of mixed mode
S-Parameters 2--32..........................................
Figure 2--37: Computing S-Parameter 2--33.........................
Figure 2--38: S-Parameter fields in the Computation dialog box 2--34...
Figure 2--39: Single-ended S21 data computed from
TDT measurement 2--35......................................
Figure 2--40: Differential S-Parameter example 2--36.................
Figure 2--41: The S(f) tab 2--36...................................
Figure 2--42: Exporting Touchstone data 2--37......................
Figure 2--43: Export a 2-port Touchstone file 2--37...................
Figure 2--44: Export a 4-port Touchstone file 2--38...................
Figure 2--45: Correlation example 2--38............................
Figure 2--46: Computation of L and C 2--39........................
Figure 2--47: Choosing self inductance computation from the
main menu 2--40............................................
Figure 2--48: Displaying a self inductance measurement 2-- 42..........
Figure 2--49: Displaying a self capacitance measurement 2--43.........
Figure 2--50: Displaying a mutual inductance measurement 2-- 44......
Figure 2--51: Displaying a mutual capacitance measurement 2--45......
Figure 2--52: Extracting I/O buffer capacitance 2--46.................
Figure 2--53: IConnect lumped model editor 2--47...................
Figure 2--54: IConnect lumped coupled model editor 2--47............
Figure 2--55: Creating a Single Line or Symmetric
Coupled Lines model 2-- 49...................................
Figure 2--56: DUT setup for differential reference, r eflection,
and transmission 2--50.......................................
Figure 2--57: The Load Reference Waveform dialog box 2--50..........
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Figure 2--58: Loading refer ence and r eflection waveforms
into the single line model 2--51................................
Figure 2--59: Compute the impedance profile by pressing the
Compute button 2--52........................................
Figure 2--60: Windowing out the part of the response you
don’t want to model 2--53....................................
Figure 2--61: Single line partitioning examples 2--54..................
Figure 2--62: Partitioning the first, uncoupled segment 2-- 55...........
Figure 2--63: Partitioning the second, coupled segment 2--56...........
Figure 2--64: Saving the single line model 2--57......................
Figure 2--65: Use the context menu to quickly view the
model netlist 2--57...........................................
Figure 2--66: The Simulate button 2--58............................
Figure 2--67: Composite model with the DUT submodel,
asourcetodriveit,andaresistancetoterminateit 2--58..........
Figure 2--68: You can edit the automatically generated
PWL source 2--59...........................................
Figure 2--69: Viewing correlation in the Composite
model viewer 2--60..........................................
Figure 2--70: Creating a lossy line model via the Model menu
or Model toolbar 2--61.......................................
Figure 2--71: Choosing a termination type for the
Lossy Line model 2-- 62.......................................
Figure 2--72: DUTsetup for differential reference, r eflection,
and transmission 2--63.......................................
Figure 2--73: Each waveform is loaded by clicking on its
respective button 2--63.......................................
Figure 2--74: Load Reference Waveform dialog box 2--64.............
Figure 2--75: The Optimize button 2--65............................
Figure 2--76: Lossy line model correlation in the
frequency domain 2--66......................................
Figure 2--77: Lossy line response to altering its optimized
parameter values 2--66.......................................
Figure 2--78: Values in the Lump ed Model and Netlist boxes
affect how the Lossy Line model is written to disk 2-- 67...........
Figure 2--79: Choosing the simulator syntax when saving
the model 2--68.............................................
Figure 2--80: Viewing the netlist of a saved model 2--69...............
Figure 2--81: The Simulate button 2--69............................
Figure 2--82: Validating the lossy line model 2--70....................
Figure 2--83: Editing the automatically generated PWL source 2--70....
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Figure 2--84: Near-perfect correlation between measurement
and simulation for Lossy Line example 2--71....................
Figure 2--85: Composite model with lossy line and end
connector models 2--72.......................................
Figure 2--86: Generate and display an eye diagram 2--72..............
Figure 2--87: IConnect eye diagram display 2--73....................
Figure 2--88: Creating a Data Driven model 2--74....................
Figure 2--89: Choosing either Time or Frequency Domain
for loading data 2--75........................................
Figure 2--90: Reference and DUT measurement setups 2-- 76...........
Figure 2--91: Loading waveform data into the Data Driven/
MeasureXtractor Coupled Line model 2--76.....................
Figure 2--92: Loading tutorial waveforms into IConnect 2--77.........
Figure 2--93: Extracting a two-port model 2 --78.....................
Figure 2--94: Resulting measurement to model correlation 2--79........
Figure 2--95: Saving the model 2--80...............................
Figure 2--96: Viewing the SPICE Netlist 2--80.......................
Figure 2--97: Data-Driven Simulate tab 2--81........................
Figure 2--98: Automatically-generated Composite model 2--82.........
Figure 2--99: Automatically-generated PWL Source model 2--82.......
Figure 2--100: Nearly exact correlation between the
measured data and the data-driven model 2--83..................
Figure 2--101: Touchstone input and output ports 2-- 83...............
Figure 4--1: Setting the GPIB communication parameters 4--4........
Figure 4--2: Setting the virtual scope options 4--5...................
Figure 4--3: Waveform Acquisition win dow 4--6....................
Figure 4--4: Instrument Settings page of the Acquisition
Window 4--7..............................................
Figure 4--5: Use Long Record check box 4--8.......................
Figure 4--6: Long record parameters 4--9..........................
Figure 5--1: Model toolbar 5--1..................................
Figure 5--2: Composite model viewer 5--2..........................
Figure 5--3: Simple Source model editor 5--3.......................
Figure 5--4: Piecewise-linear source Measure tab 5--4................
Figure 5--5: The PWL source model tab is used to partition the
PWL source waveform 5--4..................................
Figure 5--6: Lumped model editor 5--6............................
Figure 5--7: Passive Equalizer model editor 5-- 7....................
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Figure 5--8: Lumped Coupled model editor 5--9....................
Figure 5--9: Single Line Measure tab 5--10..........................
Figure 5--10: Single Line model editor 5--11.........................
Figure 5--11: Singe Line Simulate tab 5--13.........................
Figure 5--12: Symmetric Coupled Lines Measure tab. 5-- 16............
Figure 5--13: Symmetric Coupled Lines Model tab 5--18..............
Figure 5--14: Symmetric Coupled Lines Simulate tab 5--20............
Figure 5--15: Lossy Line Measure tab 5--23.........................
Figure 5--16: The Model tab 5--24.................................
Figure 5--17: The Lossy Line Optimization Options dialog box 5--25....
Figure 5--18: Lossy Line Simulate tab 5--27.........................
Figure 5--19: An Eye Diagram 5--28...............................
Figure 5--20: Symmetric Coupled Lossy Lines Measure tab 5-- 30.......
Figure 5--21: Optimized model parameters overlayed on the
measured waveforms 5--32....................................
Figure 5--22: The Symmetric Coupled Lossy Line optimization
options dialog 5--33..........................................
Figure 5--23: Symmetric Coupled Lossy Lines Simulate tab 5--35.......
Figure 5--24: The Data Driven Single Line Measure tab 5--38..........
Figure 5--25: Set DC Values dialog 5--40............................
Figure 5--26: The Truncate Waveforms dialog box 5--41..............
Figure 5--27: The Data Driven Model tab 5--42......................
Figure 5--28: Data Driven Simulate tab 5--43........................
Figure 5--29: Data Driven Single Line Measure tab in
time-domain mode 5--44......................................
Figure 5--30: Data Driven Coupled Lines Measure tab 5--45...........
Figure 5--31: Two-port subcircuit model 5--47.......................
Figure 5--32: Termination model editor 5--48........................
Figure 5--33: Composite model viewer 5--49.........................
Figure 5--34: The Composite Model Measure tab 5--50................
Figure 5--35: The Composite Model schematic viewer 5--51............
Figure 5--36: The model toolbar 5--51..............................
Figure 5--37: Dragging a resistive termination into the
composite model viewer 5--52.................................
Figure 5--38: Composite Model Simulate tab 5--53...................
Figure 5--39: Simulate Timing dialog box 5--54......................
Figure 5--40: Eye Diagram and Mask function buttons 5--55...........
Figure 5--41: Eye Diagram and Mask Options in
Composite Model 5--55.......................................
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Figure 5--42: Simulating a composite model 5--56....................
Figure 5--43: Eye diagram in the composite model viewer 5--57........
Figure 5--44: Eye diagram computed in the IConnect
Lossy Line model 5-- 58.......................................
Figure 5--45: Aggressor waveform entry window 5--60................
Figure 5--46: The Simulate tab when aggressors are used 5--61.........
Figure 5--47: Eye Diagram DUT options dialog box 5--62.............
Figure 5--48: Synchronization Summary d ialog 5--65.................
Figure 5--49: Synchronization Error dialog 5--66....................
Figure 5--50: Eye measurements 5--67..............................
Figure 5--51: Choosing the appropriate zoom method 5--68............
Figure 5--52: Lossy Line/ Symmetric Coupled Lossy Lines
Simulate tab 5--69...........................................
Figure 5--53: Eye Diagram Mask dialog 5--70.......................
Figure 5--54: Single Line model tab used to partition the
Single Line impedance profile waveform 5--72...................
Figure 5--55: Manual partition creation button 5--72.................
Figure 6--1: Setting simulation options 6--2........................
Figure 7--1: Creating an new waveform viewer 7--1.................
Figure 7--2: The TD (time domain) Waveform Viewer window 7--2....
Figure 7--3: Setting the TD Waveform Viewer plot mode 7--2.........
Figure 7--4: The Change Dielectric dialog box 7--3..................
Figure 7--5: The FD (frequency domain) waveform viewer 7--4........
Figure 7--6: Plotting frequency-domain data 7--5...................
Figure 7--7: The EZ Z-Line Viewer 7--6...........................
Figure 7--8: The waveform context menu. 7--7......................
Figure 7--9: The Acquisition window 7--8..........................
Figure 7--10: The waveform context menu 7--9.....................
Figure 7--11: Resetting a moved waveform 7--10.....................
Figure 7--12: Changing waveform properties 7--12...................
Figure 7--13: Creating a label 7--13................................
Figure 7--14: Changing label properties 7--14.......................
Figure 7--15: Exporting waveform data as tabular ASCII text 7--18.....
Figure 7--16: Exporting frequency domain waveform data
to a touchstone file 7--20......................................
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Figure 8--1: Opening the EZ Z-Line waveform viewer 8--1...........
Figure 8--2: The EZ Z-Line Viewer window 8 --2....................
Figure 8--3: Display the incident and reflected portions of the
Golden DUT TDR waveform 8--5.............................
Figure 8--4: Display the reflected portion of the waverform 8--5.......
Figure 8--5: Example GoldenDUT, GoldenReference,
and GoldenCalibration plots 8--7.............................
Figure 8--6: Example GoldenZ plot 8--8...........................
Figure 9--1: Waveform computation window 9--2...................
Figure 9--2: Transmission waveform that has been filtered to
emulate a 500 ps risetime 9--4................................
Figure 9--3: Calculating the impedance profile 9--5..................
Figure 9--4: Computing the frequency-domain spectrum
of an input step 9-- 8........................................
Figure 9--5: Computing device scattering response 9--10..............
Figure 9--6: Self inductance computation 9-- 13......................
Figure 9--7: Self capacitance computation 9--14......................
Figure 9--8: Mutual inductance computation 9--15...................
Figure 9--9: Mutual capacitance computation 9--16..................
Figure 9--10: Reflection waveform that has been adjusted
by -50 mV 9--17.............................................
Figure 10--1: The Screen Capture dialog box 10--1...................
Figure 11--1: The Options dialog box 11--1..........................
Figure 11--2: Setting computation options via the
Tools/Options menu command 11--2...........................
Figure 11--3: Setting simulation options via the
Tools/Options menu command 11--3...........................
Figure 11--4: Setting waveform viewer options via the
Tools/Options menu command 11--5...........................
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List of Tables
Table of Contents
Table 1--1: Tutorials 1--7.......................................
Table 1--2: Keyboard shortcuts 1--8..............................
Table 4--1: Filter response 4--5..................................
T able 5--1: Measurement excitation and termination scheme 5--46.....
T able 8--1: EZ Z-Line Viewer elements 8--2.......................
Table 11--1: Waveform Viewer options 11--6........................
T able 12--1: General command parameters 12--3....................
T able 12--2: S-Parameter command parameters 12--4................
Table 12--3: Touchstone command parameters 12--6.................
T able 12--4: Z-line command parameters 12--7......................
T able 12--5: Filter command parameters 12--8......................
T able 12--6: C self command parameters 12--8......................
T able 12--7: L self command parameters 12--9......................
T able 12--8: C mutual command parameters 12--9...................
T able 12--9: L mutual command parameters 12--10...................
Table 12--10: Error codes 12--15...................................
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IConnectR and MeasureXtractort 4. 0 User Manual
Getting Started
Getting Started
IConnect Overview
IConnect and MeasureXtractor is TDR and VNA software for high-speed
interconnect characterization. It is an integrated measurement, modeling and
model validation tool for high-speed interconnects in printed and flexible circuit
boards, packages, ATE sockets, connectors, cables and cable assemblies.
IConnect provides accurate interconnect measurements and equivalent circuit
models that predict reflections, ringing and crosstalk in high-speed interconnects.
Figure 1- 1: IConnect data analysis and model validation windows
IConnect and MeasureXtractor TDR and VNA software from Tektronix is the
efficient, easy-to-use and cost-effective solution for measurement-based
performance evaluation of gigabit interconnect links and devices, including
signal integrity analysis, impedance, S-Parameter and eye diagram tests, and
fault isolation. IConnect provides an integrated simulate-and-compare link
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Getting Started
between SPICE/IBIS simulators and TDR/T measurements, and allows the
designer to quickly extract and validate gigabit interconnect models, and to
predict eye-diagram degradation, jitter, losses, crosstalk, reflections and ringing
in PCBs and flex boards, packages, sockets, connectors, cable assemblies, and at
the input die capacitance. IConnect provides simple and efficient algorithms for
computing single-ended and differential S-Parameters, insertion and return loss
from TDR/T measurement. The IConnect true impedance profile improves the
oscilloscope resolution and accuracy, and helps locate failures more easily.
The new IConnect Interconnect Link Simulator allows the designer to easily
analyze interconnects by using TDR/T or S-Parameter data directly in simulations without the extra step of model extraction, to perform concurrent time and
frequency domain analysis of the interconnect link performance, and to quickly
perform equalizer and emphasis circuit design and analysis.
The IConnect MeasureXtractor automatic model extraction tool then converts
TDR/T or S-Parameters into an exact interconnect model, compatible with
SPICE or IBIS simulators. These models then allow the designer to quickly
perform system level analysis of the interconnect link with transmitter and
receiver. IConnect makes it easy to analyze gigabit interconnect links in various
serial and parallel link standards, in computer and communications backplanes
and connectors, cables and cable assemblies, disk drive flex interconnects, ATE
sockets, fixtures and backplanes, BGAs and chip-scale packages, and at the die
input. With IConnect, modeling and analysis tasks are accomplished quickly,
resulting in faster design time, lowering design costs. IConnect runs on Windows
XP/2000/NT 4.0/95/98/2000 and interfaces to a TDR oscilloscope via GPIB or
local oscilloscope interfaces. The IConnect modeling approach results in faster
time to market and lower design costs.
Measurement-based
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Modeling
IConnect also enables more accurate impedance measurements and improves the
TDR oscilloscope resolution by removing multiple reflections from TDR
waveforms. Smaller discontinuities can be resolved more easily, enabling the
designer to identify the exact locations of open/short failures in multisegment
interconnects. Impedance can be displayed versus time or physical distance on
the x-axis, which can be important for failure analysis applications.
The IConnect software package is built upon the concept of measurement-based
modeling. This approach to modeling begins with measurement of the characteristics of a device, and a model is extracted from the measured data. After
extraction, the model response is verified by comparison against the data from
which the model was extracted. IConnect enhances productivity by simplifying
these measurement, modeling, and verification tasks, and by integrating them
into a single comprehensive software package.
IConnectR and MeasureXtractort 4. 0 User Manual
Getting Started
Measurement
Modeling
Verification
IConnect contains a seamless interface for data transfer from several supported
measurement instruments. Supported instruments include Tektronix and Agilent
(formerly Hewlett-Packard) oscilloscopes and the Agilent 8510 network analyzer
operating in time-domain mode. Your computer’s hard drive is also considered to
be a measurement instrument, and may be used to store measured waveforms,
transfer data from other formats, or even create new waveforms. Online
documentation and application information are available to assist you in
determining the necessary measurements to extract a particular model, and
telephone and e-mail support are available if desired. Tektronix will also assist
IConnect users in setting up their own measurement systems and making
accurate measurements.
IConnect contains many different models which are applicable to typical
interconnect structures. Each of these models is based on parameters which can
be extracted directly from time-domain measurements using the algorithms
available from within IConnect. The models are saved as SPICE files for simple
direct evaluation using SPICE-based simulators. Online documentation and
application information are available to enable you to become accustomed to
what type of model is appropriate to represent a particular interconnect structure.
IConnect supports direct and simple verification of a model against measured
data by directly linking with a simulator to evaluate the model and compare its
response against measured data.
IConnect provides you with several simulation options:
H Linear simulator (built-in with IConnect)
H PSpice from Cadence
H HSpice from Synopsys
H Berkeley Spice 3F from the University of California
A large amount of flexibility is available so that models can be verified against a
variety of excitation and termination conditions without having to leave the
IConnect framework.
What You Can Do With IConnect
IConnect is the efficient, easy-to-use and cost-effective solution for measurement-based performance evaluation of gigabit interconnect links and devices,
including signal integrity analysis, impedance, S-Parameter and eye diagram
tests, and fault isolation.
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Getting Started
Signal Integrity
IConnect TDR and VNA software: efficient and easy signal integrity analysis for
gigabit interconnects:
H Easy SPICE/IBIS modeling for PCB, flex board, connector, cable, package,
and socket
H Simple differential and single ended S-Parameters, and frequency dependent
losses
H Integrated simulate-and-compare link between SPICE/IBIS simulators and
TDR/T
H More accurate impedance measurements
H Cost-effective eye diagram testing including crosstalk
IConnectR Link Simulator: efficient and easy interconnect link simulation:
H Easily analyze interconnects by using TDR/T or S-Parameters directly in
simulations
H Quickly predict eye diagram, jitter, losses, crosstalk, reflections, and ringing
H Concurrent time and frequency domain interconnect link analysis
H Easily perform equalizer and emphasis design and analysis
Failure Analysis
H Efficiently validate analytical and field solver models
IConnect MeasureXtractor: automatic tool for exact model extraction:
H Automatically convert TDR/T or S-Parameter data into exact frequency
dependent models
H Easily ensure SPICE / IBIS simulation accuracy by using exact frequency
dependent models
H Easily perform system level analysis of the interconnect link with transmitter
and receiver
H Resolving smaller discontinuities
H Locating exact position of open, short, and soft faults
H Easy data manipulation and analysis
IConnect utilizes a standard Microsoft Windows 98/2000/NT4.0/XP interface.
You can also install and run IConnect on the Tektronix TDS/CSA8000,
TDS/CSA8000B, TDS/CSA8200, and DSA8200 oscilloscopes.
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IConnectR and MeasureXtractort 4. 0 User Manual
Tektronix can provide you with a complete TDR solution for your interconnect
signal integrity and failure analysis, including IConnect TDR and VNA software,
a Tektronix TDR instrument, recommendations on probing, cabling and fixturing
solutions, and high-quality TDR applications support. To ensure your success,
Tektronix offers optional on-site product training. IConnect TDR and VNA
software and Tektronix interconnect signal integrity analysis expertise enables
you to significantly improve your interconnect signal integrity analysis,
impedance, S-Parameter and eye diagram tests, design and model validation, and
fault isolation results.
IConnect Installation Notes
Getting Started
Minimum System
Requirements
Installation Overview
The following are the minimum system requirements:
H 400 MHz Pentium Processor
H 256 MB of RAM (1 GB of RAM may be necessary for large
MeasureXtractor runs)
H 40 MB Hard Drive free space
H National Instruments GPIB board, version 2.1 (not required for Tektronix
TDS/CSA8000 Series oscilloscopes or the DSA8200 oscilloscope with their
local VISA interface)
H Microsoft Windows 98, NT 4.0, 2000, or XP (already installed on Tektronix
TDS/CSA8000 Series oscilloscopes or the DSA8200 oscilloscope)
H 1024 x 768 monitor resolution
The following components are installed when installing IConnect:
H IConnect (Includes Berkeley SPICE 3F)
H Sentinel hardware key drivers
IConnect/Hardware Key Driver Installation.
1. Place the IConnect CD in the CD-ROM drive. The IConnect setup program
should automatically start. If it does not, go to your CD-ROM drive using
Windows Explorer and double-click the Setup.exe icon. If filename
extensions are hidden, look for the “Setup” file with the computer and floppy
disks icon.
2. Follow the setup instructions to install IConnect. As part of the setup wizard,
the Sentinel hardware key drivers are also installed.
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Getting Started
Adobe Acrobat Reader
3. Before starting IConnect, plug the parallel-port hardware key into your
computer’s parallel port, or plug the USB hardware key into your computer’s
USB port. If you have another peripheral device attached to your parallel
port, plug it into the back of the hardware key.
NOTE. You are given the choice of installing the hardware key drivers either
automatically or interactively. Interactive installation allows configuration as
well. However, automatic installation should be effective in most cases.
To read or print the Berkeley SPICE or the IConnect PDF manuals, you need
Adobe Acrobat Reader. If not already present on your system, download and
install the latest version of Adobe Acrobat Reader from the Adobe Web site
(www.adobe.com).
NOTE. Adobe Acrobat Reader is not required to view the online help.
Manual Sentinel Hardware Key Driver Installation, Removal, and Configuration
Although the IConnect setup wizard automatically installs the Sentinel hardware
key drivers, you may need to manually install, uninstall, or reconfigure the
drivers at a later date. To install or uninstall the Sentinel drivers, use the MS
Windows Add/Remove Programs utility (Start > Settings > Control Panel >
Add/Remove Programs).
NOTE. Administrator privileges are required to install or uninstall the drivers.
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IConnectR and MeasureXtractort 4. 0 User Manual
Getting Started With IConnect
To get started using IConnect, you should run the online tutorials, which are
accessible from the Help > Getting Started... menu command. See Table 1--1 for
a list of the tutorials and descriptions. The tutorials are also included in
Section 2, Operating Basics.
Table 1- 1: Tutorials
Tuto ri a l Description Page
True Impedance Profile (Z-Line)
Computation Tutorial
A standalone secti on for those using
IConnect to improve im pedance measurement accuracy.
Getting Started
Page 2--6
Eye Diagram Tutorial Guides you through the steps necessary
to perform eye diagram electrical
standard compliance t esting and eye
mask testing.
S-Parameter Computation Tutorial Shows how to obtain differential,
single-ended and mixed mode S-Parameter data, insertion and return loss.
Lumped LC Computation Tutorial Illustrates the JEDEC standard-based
techniques for modeling el ectrically short
interconnects, such as packages or
sockets.
Single and Coupled Line Modeling
Tutorial
Lossy Line Modeling Tutorial Guides you through extraction and
MeasureXtractor Modeling Tutorial Demonstrates how to generate a
Demonstrates techniques for using
impedance profile to model electrically
short or lossless structures.
verification of a single-ended or differential lossy transmission line mode.
behavioral SPICE model wit h the least
amount of effort.
Page 2--15
Page 2--27
Page 2--39
Page 2--48
Page 2--60
Page 2--73
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Getting Started
IConnect Shortcuts
The following table lists many of the IConnect Software keyboard shortcuts.
Table 1- 2: Keyboard shor tcuts
Action Shortcut
General
Open IConnect model and/or waveform files Drag files over IConnect window and drop t hem
Copy active window to clipboard as bitmap Ctrl+Shift+A
Copy main window to clipboard as bitmap Ctrl+Shift+M
Waveforms
Select All Ctrl+A
Waveform Context Menu (single or multiple selected waveforms) Right Click on a waveform
Nudge Waveform Arrow Key (if Waveform leg end highlighted in blue, click tab first)
Nudge Waveform Faster Shift + Arrow
Move Waveform Drag while holding left mouse button down
Constrain Motion to Horizontal or Vertical Shift + Drag
Select Single Waveform Single Left click
Add Waveform to Selection Ctrl + left click
Waveform Properties (single or multiple selection) Right cli ck, select Properties
Single Waveform Properties Left double click
Delete Selected Waveforms Delete
Labels
Move Drag while holding left mouse button down
Select Left click
Multiple Selection Ctrl+left click
Edit Text Click on selected label
Special Text %name is the name of the associated waveform if any
Delete Selected Labels Delete
Label properties Right click on label
New Label Right click in waveform viewer
Waveform Viewer
Context Menu Right click in open area
Save or Save As File menu or waveform context menu
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Getting Started
Table 1- 2: Keyboard shor tcuts (Cont.)
Action Shortcut
Zoom Left click in an open area and drag a rectangle around what you
want to zoom on
OR
Hold down Shift+Ctrl in any area and drag a rectangle
Zoom to 100% Context menu or view menu- scales plot to remove scroll bars
Autoscale Context menu or view menu- scales plot to fit all waveforms
Zoom In Context or view menu- zooms in by 2x
Zoom Out Context or view menu- zooms out by 2x
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Getting Started
Enhancements and Improvements in IConnect 4.0
EZ Z-Line Viewer
Passive Equalizer Model
Long Record Length
Acquisition
CompositeModel Eye
Diagram
COmmand Line Interface
(CLI)
MeasureXtractor
The IConnect EZ Z-Line viewer allows single-button Z-Line computation for
any number of device waveforms.
The passive equalizer model adds the ability to apply a high pass filter characteristic (equalizing signal loss across frequencies) to the data stream of the
transmission line.
IConnect now supports the long record lengths available in the Tektronix
DSA8200 and CSA/TDS8000 Series oscilloscopes.
The Eye Diagram capability now lets you see an eye diagram of your entire
composite model.
CLI is a command line interface for S-Parameter calculation, conversion to
Touchstone format, LC computation, Z-Line computation, and lowpass
waveform filtering.
Improved accuracy of extracted models.
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Linear Simulator
IConnect now includes a built-in linear simulator for analyzing interconnects by
using TDR/T or S-Parameter data directly in simulations without the extra step
of model extraction, perform concurrent time and frequency domain analysis of
the interconnect link performance, and quickly perform equalizer and emphasis
circuit design and analysis.
IConnectR and MeasureXtractort 4. 0 User Manual
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