xx
High Speed Serial Waveform
ZZZ
Plug-in Application
Printable Help Document
*P077124501*
077-1245-01
High Speed Serial Waveform
Plug-in Application
ZZZ
Printable Help Document
w.tek.com
ww
077-1245-01
Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its
subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions.
Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this
publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges
reserved.
TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.
®
SourceXpress
is a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc.
Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Supports High Speed Serial Plug-in a pplication Version 3.1.x and above.
Help part number: 076–0395–01
PDF of Help system part number: 077–1245–01
Contacting Tektronix
Tektronix, Inc.
14150 SW Karl Braun Drive
P. O . B ox 500
rton, OR 97077
Beave
USA
For product information, sales, service, and technical support:
In North America, call 1-800-833-9200.
Worldwide, visit www.tek.com to find contacts in your a rea.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Welcome............................................................................................................. 1
Key features......................................................................................................... 1
Documentation......................................... ................................ ............................. 3
Support information....... .................................. ................................ ....................... 3
Orientation
Elements of the display ............................................................................................ 5
Plug-in selection ....................................... ................................ ............................. 5
Compile button..................... ................................ ................................ ................. 6
Reset Plug-in button....... ................................ ................................ ......................... 9
Help button............... ................................ ................................ ........................... 9
Enabled/disabled indicators ...................................... ................................ ................ 10
Table of Contents
Pattern tab overview
Pattern tab overview. ................................ .................................. ............................ 11
Basic Settings .................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 11
Encoding/Modulation ................................... ................................ .......................... 13
Scrambling ............. ................................ .................................. .......................... 14
Step Response...................... ................................ .................................. .............. 15
Duty Cycle Distortion..... ................................ ................................ ........................ 16
Markers ........................... .................................. ................................ ................ 17
Transmitter tab
Transmitter tab overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Periodic Jitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Random Jitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Noise................................................................................................................ 22
Pre/De-Emphasis .................................................................................................. 23
Spread Spectrum Clocking ....................................................................................... 25
Channel tab
S-Parameter license ............................................................................................... 29
hannel tab overview ..... .................................. ................................ ...................... 29
C
Intersymbol Interference.................................... ................................ ...................... 30
S-Parameters ....................................................................................................... 30
S-Parameter file descriptions ...................................... ................................ .......... 33
Aggressor signals ............................................................................................. 35
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document i
Table of Contents
Batch Compile tab
Batch compile tab overview...................................................................................... 37
Licensing
Licensing ........................................................................................................... 39
Index
ii High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Introduction Welcom e
Welcome
The High Speed Serial (HSS) plug-in is a waveform creation application that takes an input pattern and
creates pre-distorted waveforms to test a device's conformance to standards.
The High Speed Serial plug-in is designed to integrate and operate seamlessly as an enhancement to
the following products:
SourceXpress waveform creation software
AWG70000 series arbitrary waveform generators
AWG5200 series arbitrary waveform generators
Once installed, the plug-in becomes available as another waveform plug-in application.
This illu
plug-in is identical whether it is used from SourceXpress or installed on a generator.
stration shows the High Speed Serial plug-in viewed from the SourceXpress application. The
Key features
Jitter Generation: Up to four different sinusoidal jitters with different amplitudes, frequencies and
phases can be added to a base pattern. Three independent band-limited random jitters can also
be added to the base pattern.
Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) Creation: Directly create ISI.
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 1
Introduction Key features
S-Parameters: Scattering parameters can be directly convolved with the base pattern to recreate the
channel charact eristics. S-Parameters can be entered directly from an S-Parameter file captured from
a Tektronix sa
de-embedded from the circuit. Cascading S-Parameters allows you to cascade up to six Touchstone
files of the same format to emulate a cascaded channel.
Noise: Vertical noise can be added at both near and far ends of the channel.
mpling oscilloscope. By applying an inverse filter, the effects of the channel can be
Idle State:
burst. You can directly create this idle state without using additional power dividers. Noise can also be
added to these idle state waveforms.
Batch Processing: When more than one pattern needs to be s ynthesized, you can use batch processing
to create multiple waveforms with a combination of one random and maximum of 2 sinusoidal jitter
Sequencing: You can add compiled waveforms directly to existing sequences or create sequences
using the Batch Compile feature.
Marker outputs: Marker outputs can be configured to be the same as the input base pattern or to
generate clocks at a user-defined frequency. You can also set the marker output to all high, all low,
or trigger.
Pre/de-emphasis and Preshoot: Provides flexibility to program the Pre/De-emphasis and Preshoot
sample by sample. The preview feature facilitates you to arrive at the most optimized Pre/de-emphasis
for a particular channel quickly.
Scrambling and 8b10b encoding: The input data pattern can be scrambled by defining a polynomial.
You can also encode using the 8b10b encoding option. 8b10b encoding works with D and K symbol
pattern only.
NRZ, NRZ-I, PAM, and PWM: Allows you to define the pattern duty cycle using the Pulse Width
Modulation (PWM), and alternatively encode the bit stream to 4- 8- 16-PAM, NRZ, or NRZ-I.
Gray Coding: Enables you to select a file to provide Binary to Gray code conversion for the PAM
signaling scheme.
Standards like SATA call for OOB signaling which requires an idle state followed by a
2 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Introduction Documentation
Documentation
In addition to this application Help system, the following documentation is available for the software.
All documentation is available on the Tektronix Web site (www.tektcom/manual/downloads
To read about Use these docum ents
High Speed Serial plug-in operation and user
interface help
High Speed Serial plug-in programmer
commands
SourceXpress operation and user interface help Access the SourceXpress application help from the Help menu for
SourceXpress programmer commands Access the SourceXpress programmer manual for the syntax of remote
Connected instrument operation and user
interface help (such as an AWG70000 series
generator).
Access the plug-in application help from the plug-in Help menu for
information on all controls and elements on screen.
The High Speed Serial plug-in help system is also available in PDF
format located in the program’s installation folder and also available on
the Tektronix web site.
Access the plug-in programmer manual for the syntax of remote commands
specific to the plug-in.
This is available on the Tektronix web site.
information on all controls and elements on screen.
The SourceXpress help system is also available in PDF format, available
on the Tektronix web site.
commands.
This document is available in PDF format located in the program’s
installation folder and also available on the Tektronix web site.
For operation and interface help of a connected instrument, refer to the
instrument’s documentation.
This is available with the instrument or on the Tektronix web site.
).
Connected instrument programmer commands
(such as an AWG70000 series generator)
xxx
Support information
Tektronix o ffers the following services in support of their products:
Technical Support. For application-related questions about a Tektronix product, contact us by
telephone or email ).
Service Support. For service-related questions about a Tektronix product, contact us by telephone
or email ).
Tektronix also offers extended warranty and calibration programs as options on many products. Contact
your local Tektronix distributor or sales office.
For programming information of a connected instrument, refer to the
instrument’s documentation. This is available w ith the instrument or on
the Tektronix web site.
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 3
Introduction Support information
4 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Orientation Elements of the display
Elements of the display
The m ain areas of the application window are shown in the following figure.
Plug-in selection
Use the Plug-in pull-down menu to select the High Spe ed Serial plug-in application. The plug-in pull-down
menu varies depending the installed applications.
NOTE. High Speed Serial requires a license to create waveforms.
Refer to Licensing
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 5
(see page 39).
Orientation Compile button
Compile button
Use the Compile button to create the waveforms and place the waveforms into the Waveforms list of the
host application.
Use the Compile settings button to edit the compilation settings.
6 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Orientation Compile button
Compile settings
Item Description
Name
Overwrite e xisting
waveform
Compile for Choose the channel to associate with the compiled waveform.
Compile only The compiled waveforms are simply entered into the Waveforms list.
The application provides a base name for compiled waveforms. You can edit the field
with a name of your choice. The waveform is added to the Waveforms list. If the name
already exists, the name is incremented with a numerical value (unless the overwrite
option is selected).
The Reset Plug-in button resets the Name field to the default name.
If checked, a waveform with the same name (in the waveforms list) is overwritten with no
warnings.
Single channel instruments default to the single channel.
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 7
Orientation Compile button
Item Description
Compile and assign to The compiled waveforms are entered into the Waveforms list and automatically assigned
to the selecte
Play after ass
Add to an existing sequence
ign
If checked, th
The compiled
sequence.
There must be at least one sequence available in the Sequences list.
Sequences
Tracks
Use the pull-down list to view the available sequences.
Use the pull-down list to select the track the of the specified sequence to append the
waveform.
Sampling
Rate
Auto Calc
Rate
ulate Sample
This is th
rate based on the settings chosen for the waveform.
Manual Sampling Rate Select to enter a specific sampling rate.
Samples/Unit Interval Enter the samples per UI of the waveform
A unit interval (UI), also referred to as a bit time, is the time taken in a data stream for one
bit. Fo
Gb/s) = 0.4 ns.
This value, either calculated or user defined, determines the number of Coefficients
able when adding Pre- or De-Emphasis.
avail
Corrections File
Apply
ection file Path:
Corr
You c a
When
d channel.
e waveform starts to play out immediately after compiling.
waveforms are entered into the Waveforms list and added to the specified
e default method to set the sampling rate. The application creates a sampling
r example, in a serial line with a baud rate of 2.5 Gb/s, a unit interval is 1/(2.5
n apply a correction file directly to the waveform when compiling.
applying a correction file, navigate to the location of the file.
Use the browse folder icon
Onceavalidfile path is entered, the Correction Settings icon
play the Frequency Response
dis
to Repeat Count
Au
en compiling a waveform, the waveform must meet the minimum waveform length
Wh
requirement for the instrument (to be a valid waveform). If the current setup would create
a waveform of invalid length, the system automatically repeats the waveform until the
nimum length is reached.
mi
Auto Repeat Count e nabled (default mode):
If necessary, the waveform is automatically repeated until it meets the minimum waveform
ength requirement.
l
Auto Repeat Count d isabled:
When disabled, you are presented with a control to either set a number of times to repeat
he waveform, or to enter a waveform length in time.
t
If the manual setting would cause a w aveform of insufficient length, the software
automatically increases the repeat count so that a valid waveform is generated. If this
happens, a warning message is displayed informing you of the event.
If the manual setting causes a waveform that exceeds the maximum waveform length
allowed, an error message is displayed and no waveform is created.
Compile Compiles the waveform.
xxx
to navigate to a saved correction file.
is enabled. Select to
(see page 9) screen.
8 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Orientation Reset Plug-in button
Correction file frequency response
When applying an RF correction file, the Frequency Response screen shows plot information and provides
Advanced options to apply a Gaussian filter or remove Sin(x)/x distortions.
Reset Plug-in button
Returns the plug-in features and settings to their default values.
Help button
Help button: Provides links to open the application help.
Item Description
User manual
About ...
xxx
Opens the p lug-in help system.
Provides you with information about your plug-in application. This information is
helpful when contacting Tektronix about your application.
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 9
Orientation Enabled/disabled indicators
Enabled/disabled indicators
All distortion types that can be enabled or disabled include a status indicator in their tab. This provides a
view of which distortions currently enabled (turned on) for use when compiling a waveform.
Blue indicates the distortion is turned on.
Turning off a distortion type means it will not be used while compiling. But all settings remain, allowing
you to quickly add the distortion.
10 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Pattern tab overview Pattern tab overview
Pattern tab overview
This tab allows users to set the basic pattern for waveform generation including encoding and modulation
schemes along with scrambling. In addition to this, users can enable DCD and step response to include
rise/fall ti
me effects on the waveform. You can also include markers with desired settings.
Basic Settings
Table 1:
Item Description
Base Pattern Data
Pattern
Clock This generates a waveform with clock-like bit pattern of alternate 0s and 1s.
All Zero
All One This generates a waveform with an amplitude corresponding to maximum positive
IdleState Enter the idle state value (seconds) of the waveform.
Select the pattern type.
This generates a waveform with an amplitude corresponding to the maximum negative
voltage level.
voltage level.
Idle state is the state used for some standards like S ATA. During this state, the value
is neither 0 or 1. It is a state during which no valid data is transferred between the
transmitter and the receiver. Idle state waveforms with an idle value and idle offset
are supported.
Idle state waveforms are individual waveforms that can be sent to the AWG. The
waveforms contain the DC values with no base data during this state. You can add the
number of samples and noise as required in the idle state waveform.
NOTE. All other features of the H igh Speed Serial plug-in are disabled (except for
Transmitter Noise) when IdleState is selected as the Pattern.
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 11
Pattern tab overview Basic Settings
Table 1: (cont.)
Item Description
Idle State Offset Enter the offset value (in Volts) of the waveform.
This is available only when Pattern is set to IdleState.
Idle State Time Enter the amount of time the Idle State offset value is held.
PRBS Select one of the available PRBS patterns.
You can also define a custom PRBS pattern with the PRBS Editor. Set the Pattern type
to display the editor.
Pattern
to User Defined PRBS and click the Settings icon
Select Pattern to create a user defined pattern.
the pattern type.
Select
■ Binary
■ Hex
ol
■ Symb
After selecting the pattern type, enter the pattern (based on the type) directly into
the pattern box.
ile
F
Invert Bits
Data Rate
Amplitude
Maximum
Minimum
xxx
To make entering patterns easier, press the
een.
scr
icon to display the Pattern editor
The pattern length is limited to 512 characters.
Click the folder icon to navigate to a pattern file.
Use the Invert Bits to create an inverted signal. For example, an input bit stream of
011000 will create a signal of 100111 when the Invert Bits option is enabled.
Specify the data rate (in bps) of the waveform.
Range: dependent on instrument.
Specify the maximum amplitude (in volts) of the waveform.
Range: dependent on instrument.
Specify the minimum amplitude (in volts) of the waveform.
Range: dependent on instrument.
12 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Pattern tab overview Encoding/Modulation
Encoding/Modulation
Table 2:
Item Description
Signaling Schemes SourceXpress supports these common encoding techniques:
NRZ
NRZ-I
PAM
Encoding/Modulation
Gray Coding Enable to select a file to provide Binary to Gray code conversion for the PAM signaling
8b/10b
In an NRZ (no-return to zero) signal, level-0 and level-1 represents the states of bit 0
and bit 1.
In an NRZ-I (NRZ inverted) signal, transitions occur only if the bit being transmitted
is a logical 1.
Select PAM to create a Pulse Amplitude Modulated signal.
The High Speed Serial plug-in supports 4-, 8-, and 16-PAM encoding.
scheme.
When selected, enter the filepath to the conversion file. Use the browse folder icon
to navigate to a saved conversion file.
8B10B is used to encode 8-bit data to 10-bit data. This is the m ost common encoding
mechanism used for Serial data standards.
This is only available for Symbol Patterns. The Base Pattern Data (in Basic Settings)
must have the Pattern type set to Pattern>Symbol.
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 13
Pattern tab overview Scrambling
Table 2: (cont.)
Item Description
Disparity
8B/10B encoding scheme uses the difference between the total number of ones and
zeros transmitted to encode the present symbol. This difference is referred to as the
running disparity. Its value is limited to +1 (RD+) or –1 (RD–).
PWM
Select PWM to generate a Pulse Width Modulated signal for NRZ and NRZ-I Signaling
Schemes.
■ T_Minor: Enter a value for T_Minor as a fraction of the UI (unit interval).
In the PWM scheme, each bit is represented in terms of a 0 followed by 1. In order
to distinguish between the original bits, the T_Minor parameter is used to specify
the duration of the encoded bit 0 (or 1) with respect to the original unit interval (UI).
In case the original bit was a 0, then T_Minor specifies the width of the encoded bit
0. If the original bit was 1, then T_Minor specifies the width of the encoded bit 1.
xxx
Scrambling
Item Description
Scrambling Type Scrambles the input data pattern with a Polynomial
■ Additive
■ Multiplicative
Polynomial
Specify the scrambling polynomial expression.
Define a polynomial expression such as X16+X14+1.
ister Initial Value
Reg
Specify the register initial values and select the format (Hex or Binary). The length of
the register is equal to the degree of the polynomial.
inary
■ B
■ Hex
xxx
14 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Pattern tab overview Step Response
Step Response
Step Response defines the rise and fall time edges of the waveform. Rise and fall times can be defined
in UI or seconds.
Item Description
Rise
Fall
Rise
xxx
/Fall Time
Elapsed time between the low reference level crossing and the high reference level
crossing
10% and 90% levels or between the 20% and 80% levels.
Set the rise time in UI or seconds from 0.05 UI to 0,5 UI (50 ps to 500 ps)
■ First O
■ Linear conveys a linear transition between the low and high level.
Elapsed time between the high reference level crossing and the low reference level
crossing on the falling edge of the waveform. It is measured in time units between the
10% and
Set the rise time in UI or seconds from 0.05 UI to 0,5 UI (50 ps to 500 ps)
■ First Order conveys an exponential transition between the low and high level.
■ Line
Defin
■ 20/80: Measured between 20% and 80% of the signal amplitude.
■ 10/90: Measured between 10% and 90% of the signal amplitude.
on the rising edge of the waveform. It is measured in time units between the
rder conveys an exponential transition between the low and high level.
90% levels or between the 20% and 80% levels.
ar conveys a linear transition between the low and high level.
e how the rise time and fall time are measured.
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 15
Pattern tab overview Duty Cycle Distortion
Duty Cycle Distortion
Duty Cycle Distortion (DCD) is the portion of the deterministic jitter d irectly correlated with waveform
polarity (the difference in the positive edges and negative edges). The duty cycle can be definedinUI
or seconds.
16 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Pattern tab overview Markers
Markers
Markers are used to help synchronize equipment. Use the Markers tab to enable markers and define
the marker parameters.
NOTE. The num
Item Description
Marker 1
through
Marker (x)
Base Pattern Marker matches the base pattern.
Clock Define the clock frequency based on the selected data rate.
High/Low
xxx
ber of markers available is instrument dependent.
Enable markers. The markers can be independently defined.
The number of markers available i s instrument dependent.
■ Data Rate
■ Data Rate/2
■ Data Rate/4
■ Data Rate/8
■ User-Defined, Range: 1 Hz to Data Rate
■ All High
■ All Low
■ Trigger: Define the marker to transition (High To Low or Low To High) at the set
number of samples.
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 17
Pattern tab overview Markers
18 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Transmitter tab Transmitter tab overview
Transmitter tab overview
The transmitter tab allows user to include timing impairments like Periodic Jitter, Random Jitter, and
Spread Spectrum Clocking during waveform compilation. In addition to this, users can also include
amplitude im
on the waveform.
pairments like Noise, and specify the Pre-Emphasis scheme and set the appropriate values
Periodic Jitter
Use the Periodic Jitter tab to introduce one or more sine waves as periodic jitter.
odic Jitter is the portion of the deterministic jitter that is periodic, but for which the period is not
Peri
correlated with any data in the waveform. It is measured by peak-to-peak variation and frequency.
NOTE. If Batch Compile is enabled, the Periodic Jitter tab is disabled.
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 19
Transmitter tab Random Jitter
Enable Periodic Jitter by selecting at least one of the Periodic Jitter (PJ) check boxes and enter the
parameters.
Item Description
PJ1 — PJ4
Magnitude
Phase
Frequency
Integer Cycles Select to ensure that there is an integer number of sinusoidal jitter cycles over the
Deviation
xxx
Set the magnitude of the s ine wave (jitter) (in UI) to introduce.
Range: 0 UI to 50 UI
Set the phase of the sine wave (jitter) (in degrees) to introduce.
Set the frequency of the sine wave (jitter) (in Hz) to introduce.
Range: 1 kHz to ½ Data rate.
entire bit pattern under consideration. In some cases, the bit pattern might be repeated
to meet this requirement.
Users can indicate the choice of either allowing the software to automatically decide the
final sinusoidal frequency by using 'Auto' or provide the maximum allowable variation
as a percentage of the dialed sinusoidal frequency by using the 'Manual' mode.
■ Auto: The software to automatically decides the final sinusoidal frequency.
■ Manual: Enter the maximum allowable variation as a percentage of the dialed
sinusoidal frequency.
Random Jitter
Random Jitter is jitter that does not exhibit deterministic behavior and is not bounded. It can be described
by a Gaussian probability distribution. It is characterized by standard deviation value (RMS).
NOTE. If Batch Compile is enabled, the Random Jitter tab is disabled.
20 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Transmitter tab Random Jitter
Item Descript
ion
RJ1 — RJ3
Magnitude (RMS) Set the magnitude of the jitter (in UI or seconds) to introduce.
.001 UI to 0.5 UI (1 ps to 500 ps).
low frequency of the random jitter (in Hz) to introduce.
Low-Frequency
Range: 0
Set the
Range: 1 kHz to (High-Frequency – 10 kHz).
requency
High-F
Set the high frequency of the random jitter (in degree) to introduce.
Range: 1 kHz to ½ Data rate.
Seed
(RJ1 o
nly)
Select to use the same random jitter sequence during each compilation. The required
m jitter sequence is generated through a 5-digit seed. By keeping the 5-digit seed
rando
constant, the same random jitter sequence is generated during each compilation.
When not selected, the uncorrelated random jitter sequence is generated during
compilation.
each
Range: 1 to 99999
Crest Factor
(RJ1 only)
Select to apply the required crest factor value of Rj1 to the serial data.
When you enable Rj1 with a specified RMS value within a short signal duration, it will
reach the peak value. By enabling this, a required crest factor value of Rj1 is
not
applied to the serial data during data transmission.
For example, if the Rj1 crest factor is set to 12 and magnitude (RMS) for Rj1 is 0.05 UI,
en the Rj1 peak value is 12 x 0.05 = 0.6 UI.
th
Range: 1 to 20
xxx
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 21
Transmitter tab Noise
Noise
This is a type of additive noise that modifies the vertical amplitude of the serial data and contributes
to the jitter.
Item Description
Type
Magnitude
Frequency
xxx
■ Near-End: This type of noise corresponds to random amplitude variations on the
waveform before it enters the channel.
■ Far-End: This type of noise corresponds to the random amplitude variations of the
waveform at the far-end of the channel.
Enter the amplitude of the noise (in volts) to generate.
■ Full Bandwidth: Generates white noise between 0 Hz to Fs/2 Hz. The noise
generated is independent for each compilation.
■ Single Tone: Generates sine noise at the specified frequency. The frequency can be
a maximum of half of the available data rate.
NOTE. When noise is a dded to a differential waveform, its amplitude appears doubled. This is because the
noise is generated in the application and appears as a waveform output for the AWG.
Limitation of pattern length on randomness
The noise is created as part of the waveform data. Due to memory limitations of the AWG, the waveform
data has finite length. This limits randomness of the noise. The larger the waveform length, the greater the
randomness of the noise. Randomness of the noise pattern is limited by waveform length. If the AWG
is running in continuous mode, the waveform repeats, thus the noise pattern repeats. This limitation of
the AWG pattern length applies to random jitter.
22 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Transmitter tab Pre/De-Emphasis
Pre/De-Emphasis
Scale and Unit Intervals
Select the units scale for the Tap Coefficients (dB or Linear). The setting defines the units for both
Pre/De-Emphasis and Preshoot. Also note the Samples/Unit Interval setting.
Item Desc
s for Tap Coefficients
Unit
Maximum Number of
ples/Unit Interval =
Sam
xxx
ription
ap coefficients defines the incremental voltage on the pre-emphasized bit.
The t
■ dB Scale: Range –20 dB to +20 dB.
■ Linear Scale: Range 0.1 to 10.
The Maximum Number of Samples/Unit Interval displayed is defined by the
ples/Unit Interval set in the Compile Settings. See Compile button
Sam
The value is set to the nearest whole number. The maximum number of coefficients is
six, although the Samples/Unit Interval can exceed six.
e value is set to the nearest whole integer based on the Samples/Unit Interval listed
Th
in the Compile Settings.
(see page 6).
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 23
Transmitter tab Pre/De-Emphasis
Pre/De-Emphisis
Item Description
Number of Taps Up to five taps are available for Pre/De-Emphisis.
NOTE. This is reduced to one tap if enabling Preshoot.
Pre/De-Emphisis Type Select the type to use.
■ UI-Con
■ UI-Linear: Pre/De-emphasis is applied to all the samples in the UI linearly
■ Fractional: Pre/De-emphasis is applied to a fraction of the UI.
Units for Tap Coefficients The tap coefficients defines the incremental voltage on the pre-emphasized bit.
■ dB Sca
■ Linear Scale: Range 0.1 to 10.
xxx
stant: Pre/De-emphasis is applied to all the samples in the UI.
le: Range –20 dB to +20 dB.
Preshoot
24 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Transmitter tab Spread Spectrum Clocking
Item Description
Number of Taps Only one tap is available for Preshoot.
Preshoot Type
Units for Tap coefficients The tap-coefficients defines the incremental voltage on the pre-emphasized bit. For dB,
xxx
Select the type to use.
■ UI-Constant
■ UI-Linear: Preshoot is applied to all the samples in the UI linearly
■ Fractional: Preshoot is applied to a fraction of the UI.
the value ra
The units in which the tap-coefficients are specified is defined with the Units For Tap
Coefficients (dB or Linear).
: Preshoot is applied to all the samples in the UI.
nges from –20 dB to +20 dB. For Volt, the value ranges from 0.1 V to +10 V.
Plot view
The plot view helps you quickly arrive at the most optimized Pre/De-Emphasis and/or Preshoot for a
particular channel.
Item Description
Preview
Reset
xxx
ead Spectrum Clocking
Spr
ead Spectrum Clocking (SSC) is the technique of modulating the clock frequency to minimize
Spr
electromagnetic induction (EMI) effects. SSC is generated with a profile having a frequency and frequency
deviation.
Spread Spectrum Clocking license. An SSC license is required to use the Spread Spectrum Clocking
features. With the license installed on the host PC where SourceXpress is installed, SSC is available
egardless of connecting to a virtual generator or a real instrument. Refer to Licensing
r
information about obtaining a license file.
Displays the affects of the Pre/De-Emphasis and Preshoot coefficients.
Sets all coefficients to their default values.
(see page 39) for
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 25
Transmitter tab Spread Spectrum Clocking
Item Description
Shape Select the shape of the SSC profile to use.
■ Sine
■ Triangle
■ Custom
When selecting Custom, enter the filepath to the custom SSC file. Use the browse
folder icon
The SSC custom file format is:
■ <Time, df/dt>
■ ‘Time’ in μs at equal intervals in a scending order.
■ ’df/dt’ in ppm.
Phase Shift Enter the phase shift in degrees.
Range: 0 ° to 360 °.
to navigate to a saved SSC file.
26 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Transmitter tab Spread Spectrum Clocking
Item Description
Spread Select the SSC spread to use
■ Up (100% spre
■ Down (0% spread)
■ Center (50% spread)
■ Unequal: En
Frequency
Deviation
Enter the frequency deviation. This defines the maximum deviation of the data rate
from mean da
Range: 0 ppm to 200000 ppm.
Modulation
Enter the frequency modulation. This defines the frequency of the modulating SSC
profile.
Range: 10 k
Error Opt
ion
Minimum Duration
Enter the
falling edges.
Range: 1 µs to 5 µs.
Location
Enter the location of df/dt. This specifies the location (in % of height) of the df/dt
n both the edges. The spikes are located symmetrically on both the rising
spike o
and falling edges.
Range: 1 ppm/µs to 5000 ppm/µs.
df/dt Enter the df/dt of the waveform. This defines the sudden deviation (spikes) of the
ofile from the predefined pattern.
SSC pr
xxx
ad)
ter the unequal spread, 0% to 100%.
ta.
Hz to 500 kHz.
minimum duration of df/dt. The duration is the same for both the rising and
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 27
Transmitter tab Spread Spectrum Clocking
28 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Channel tab S-Parameter license
S-Parameter license
An S-Parameter license is required to use the Channel features (Intersymbol Interference or S-Parameters).
The Channel features are available when a license is detected by the application. With the license installed
on the host PC where SourceXpress is installed, S-Parameters is available regardless of connecting to a
virtual generator or a real instrument.
Refer to Licensing
(see page 39) for information about obtaining a license file.
Channel tab overview
Channel tab allows users to choose the appropriate channel emulation model using either a known
Intersymbol Interference (ISI) value or through Scattering Parameters (S-Parameters) data.
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 29
Channel tab Intersymbol Interference
Intersymbol Interference
Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) is generated due to the limited bandwidth of the channel.
Enable Intersymbol Interference to simulate the effect of ISI by directly entering the ISI value.
When ISI is 0, no ISI is introduced through the filter. However, the signal will contain some ISI depending
on various parameters like bit pattern, rise/fall time, data rate, connectingcables,andsoon.
Item Description
Intersymbol Interference Value Enter the ISI value in UI or seconds.
Range: 0.01 UI to 0.5 UI (10 ps to 500 ps).
When ISI is 0, no ISI is introduced through the filter. However, the signal will contain
some ISI depending on various parameters like bit pattern, rise/fall time, data rate,
connecting cables, and so on.
Normalized Channel Bandwidth
(With respect to Data Rate)
xxx
ISI can also be represented in terms of the channel bandwidth normalized to the Data
Rate. S ince ISI arises due to band-limited nature of the channel, specifying the channel
bandwidth normalized to the data rate is another way of specifying the ISI.
S-Parameters
Enable S-Parameters to apply scattering parameters to the waveform.
Below is a sample S-Parameter dialog screen with the Number of Ports set to 4. The dialog screen changes
to accommodate the Number of Ports selected.
The information provided for S-Parameters applies to both the Non-Cascading and Cascading modes.
30 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Channel tab S-Parameters
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 31
Channel tab S-Parameters
Item Description
Mode
Select Non-Cascading or Cascading S-Parameter mode.
In the Non-Cas
from only one S-Parameter file.
In the Cascading mode, you can cascade up to six S-Parameter files in Stages and
apply the characteristics on the signal. You can select the files to apply by turning on
or turning off the corresponding Stages shown in the display. All the selected files
should be of the same type. The settings depend on the selected type of file.
cading mode, you apply S-Parameter characteristics on the signal
The files supported are s1p, s2p, s4p, s6p, s8p, and s12p.
De-embed
(Non-Cascading mode)
Cascading De-embed
(Cascading mode)
Bandwidth
Check the box to invert the S-Parameters from the signal. This removes the effects
of the component (for which the S-Parameters were created) from the signal path.
Auto – The bandwidth is defined at the point where the signal rolls off to -60 dB. If
this results in a bandwidth greater than the instrument supports, the bandwidth is set
to ½ of the waveform’s sample rate (i.e. Nyquist Frequency).
Full Bandwidth – The bandwidth is set to ½ of the w aveform’s sample rate (i.e.
Nyquist Frequency).
Manual – The bandwidth can set by the user from 1 Hz to ½ of the maximum sample
rate of the instrument. If the set Bandwidth is greater than the Nyquist (Sample rate
of the waveform/2), then the software limits the bandwidth to ½ of the waveform’s
sample rate. A warning message is provided.
32 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Channel tab S-Parameters
Item Description
Number of Ports Choose the number of ports. The port matrixes supported are 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12.
The number of p
■ The type of S-Parameter file to apply
■ The Signalling Scheme choice
■ The port mat
S-Parameter
Signallin
(Only for 4, 8, and 12 ports)
Selection of the port
(No port s
environments)
Victim
Aggress
(Only for 8 and 12 ports)
Port Selection The Port Selection button is available only when in Cascading mode. Press the
File
g Scheme
election for 1 Port
or and Both
Navigatetot
that you are able to open is dependent on the number of ports selected. For instance,
only .s4p files can be opened if the Number of Ports is set to 4.
The files sup
Signle-En
the file to physical locations in your link.
Differential: If the data is differential, you must select the data layout in the file.
Use the diagrams to map the ports for the transmitter ports (Tx-Port) and the receiver
ports (Rx
When choosing the number of Ports, you are presented with an active diagram of
the ports. The diagram presented reflects the Number of Ports selected and the
ing Scheme (if appropriate for the ports selected).
Signall
The default setting with no cross-talk effects.
Victim:
Aggressor: Select this to activate aggressor signal parameters, adding the effect
of cross-talk.
Port Selection button to display an active dialog screen to map the ports for the
itter ports (Tx-Port) and the receiver ports (Rx-Port) for each stage.
transm
orts selected determines:
rixes available
he Touchstone file to apply to the signal. The type of Touchstone files
ported are s1p, s2p, s4p, s6p, s8p, and s12p.
ded: If the data is single-ended, you must map the port numbers as used in
-Port).
xxx
S-Parameter file descriptions
1-port
Files with one port of data contain only one S-Parameter file (s1p) so they do not require any further input.
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 33
Channel tab S-Parameters
2-port
Files with data for two ports contain four S-Parameters as a 2x2 matrix. These are Touchstone 2-port files
p). A dialog box is created to define the 2-port mapping.
(s2
4-Port
Files with data for four ports contain 16 S-Parameters as a 4x4 matrix. These are Touchstone 4-port files
(s4p). They may contain single-ended or differential data. A dialog box is created to define the 4-port
mapping for either single-ended or differential data.
If the data is single-ended, you must map the port numbers as used in the file to physical locations in
your link.
You can select the port for both transmitter and receiver from the drop-down list. Each drop-down list
has ports from 1 to 2.
If the data is differential, you must select the data layout in the file.
6-port
Files with data for six ports contain 36 S-Parameters as a 6x6 matrix. These are Touchstone 6-port files
(s6p). A dialog box is created to define the 6-port mapping.
8-Port
Files with data for eight ports contain 64 S-Parameters as an 8x8 matrix. These are Touchstone 8-port files
(s8p). They may contain single-ended or differential data. A dialog box is created to define the 8-port
mapping for either single-ended or differential data.
If the data is single-ended, you must map the port numbers as used in the file to physical locations in
your link.
You can select the port for both transmitter and receiver from the drop-down list. Each drop-down list
has ports from 1 to 4.
If the data is differential, you must select the data layout in the file.
12-Port
Files with data for 12 ports contain 144 S-Parameters as an 12x12 matrix. These are Touchstone 12-port
files (s12p). They may contain single-ended or differential data. A dialog box is created to define the
12-port mapping for either single-ended or differential data.
If the data is single-ended, you must map the port numbers as used in the file to physical locations in
your link.
You can select the port for both transmitter and receiver from the drop-down list. Each drop-down list
has ports from 1 to 6.
If the data is differential, you must select the data layout in the file.
34 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Channel tab S-Parameters
Aggressor signals
8 and 12 port S-Parameters allows you to activate aggressor signal parameters and to add the effect of
cross-talk. 12 port S-Parameters allows 2 Aggressor signal parameters.
Aggressors can b e added in either Non-Cascading Mode or Cascading Mode.
The Aggresso
Item Description
Signal Choose the type of aggressor signal with the dropdown list:
Data Rate
Aggressor Amplitude Enter the signal amplitude.
Crosstalk Type Choose the type of crosstalk of the aggressor signal.
xxx
r signal parameters include:
■ Clock: Ind
■ PBRS: Also choose the number of bits
■ File: Indicates that the aggressor signal is another pattern file. Navigate to
the Patter
■ Same as victim: The signal flow of the aggressor is same as the victim.
Specify the data rate (in bps) o f the signal.
This is not available when the Aggressor signal is set to be the same as the victim.
This is not available when the Aggressor signal is set to be the same as the victim.
■ Near-
■ Far-End Crosstalk
■ Both
icates that the aggressor signal is a clock pattern.
n file
End Crosstalk
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 35
Channel tab S-Parameters
36 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Batch Compile tab Batch compile tab overview
Batch compile tab overview
Batch Compile creates multiple waveforms with random jitter, periodic jitter, or a combination of both.
NOTE. Batch Compile is disabled if Periodic Jitter or Random Jitter is enabled in the Transmitter tab.
Item Description
Periodic Jitter
Integer Cycles Select to ensure that there is an integer number of sinusoidal jitter cycles over the
entire bit pattern under consideration. In some cases, the bit pattern might be
repeated to meet this requirement.
Deviation
Magnitude (Peak-Peak) Set the start and end periodic jitter magnitudes. A waveform for each UI increment
Start Set the periodic jitter start value (in UI).
End
Increment
Frequency Range
Low
Users can indicate the choice of either allowing the software to automatically decide
the final sinusoidal frequency by using 'Auto' or provide the maximum allowable
variation as a percentage of the dialed sinusoidal frequency by using the 'Manual'
mode.
• Auto: The software to automatically decides the final sinusoidal frequency.
• Manual: Enter the maximum allowable variation as a percentage of the dialed
sinusoidal frequency.
will be created for each frequency increment (as defined in the Frequency Range).
Set the periodic jitter end value (in UI).
Set the periodic jitter increment value (in UI).
Set the periodic jitter frequencies. A waveform for each UI increment is created
for each frequency increment.
Set the Low (first) periodic jitter frequency (in Hz).
Range: 1 kHz to Frequency High.
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 37
Batch Compile tab Batch compile tab overview
Item Description
High
Increment
Random Jitter
Magnitude (Peak-Peak) Set the start and end periodic jitter magnitudes. A waveform for each UI increment
Start Set the rand
End
Increment
Frequency Bandwidth
Low
High
xxx
Set the High (last) periodic jitter frequency (in Hz).
Range: 1 kHz to
Set the freque
will be crea
Data rate/2.
ncy increment value (in Hz).
ted for each frequency increment (as defined in the Frequency Range).
om jitter start value (in UI).
Set the ran
Set the ra
dom jitter end value (in UI).
ndom jitter increment value (in UI).
Set the low frequency of the random jitter (in Hz) to introduce.
Range: 1
Set the h
kHz to (Frequency-High – 10 kHz).
igh frequency of the random jitter (in degree) to introduce.
Range: 250 kHz to Data rate/2.
38 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Licensing Licensing
Licensing
A license is required for this plug-in to become operational. The plug-in must be licensed for use with the
host application from where you want to use the plug-in.
For example, to use the plug-in from SourceXpress, SourceXpress must have a license. To use the plug-in
from an instrument, the instrument must have a license.
Refer to the application help (such as SourceXpress or the host instrument) for information about obtaining
and installing license files.
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 39
Licensing Licensing
40 High Speed Serial Printable Help Document
Index
Index
A
Aggressor, 35
Apply correc
tions file, 8
B
Batch compile tab
overview, 37
Periodic Jitter, 37
Random Jitter, 38
C
Channel tab
Intersy
overview, 29
S-Parameters, 30
Compile
button, 6
settings, 6
Compi
Correction file
frequency response, 9
Corrections file, 8
mbol interference, 30
le settings, 7
D
DCD
Duty Cycle Distortion, 16
splay elements, 5
Di
Documentation, 3
Connected instrument, 3
High Speed Serial plug-in, 3
SourceXpress, 3
Duty Cycle Distortion
DCD, 16
E
Elements of the display, 5
Encoding/Modulation, 13
F
Fall time
First order, 15
Linear, 15
H
Help menu, 9
High Speed Serial plug-in
description, 1
I
Indicato
Intersymbol interference, 30
rs, 10
K
Key features, 1
L
Licensing, 39
M
Markers, 17
N
Noise, 22
P
tern tab, 11
Pat
basic settings, 11
Duty Cycle Distortion, 16
Encoding/Modulation, 13
Markers, 17
Scrambling, 14
tep Response, 15
S
Periodic Jitter, 19
Plot view, 25
Plug-in selection, 5
Pre/De-Emphasis, 23
plot view, 25
Preshoot, 24
R
Random Jitter, 20
Reset Plug-in, 9
Rise time
First order, 15
Linear, 15
S
S-Paramet
S-Parameter license, 29
S-Parameters, 30
Scrambling, 14
Service support, 3
Signaling schemes, 13
Spread Spectrum Clocking, 25
read Spectrum Clocking
Sp
SSC license, 25
Status indicator, 10
Step Response, 15
Support information, 3
er
file types, 33
Aggressor, 33
Cascading, 32
De-embe
Differential, 33
Non-Cascading, 32
Number of Ports, 33
Selection of the port, 33
Signalling Scheme, 33
Signl
Victim, 33
license, 25
d, 32
e-Ended, 33
T
Technical support, 3
Transmitter tab
Noise, 22
overview, 19
Periodic Jitter, 19
Pre/De-Emphasis, 23
Random Jitter, 20
Spread Spectrum
Clocking, 25
High Speed Serial Printable Help Document 41
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