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Environment Signals

ZZZ

Plug-in Application

Printable Help Document

*P077140100*

077-1401-00

Environment Signals Plug-in Application

ZZZ

Printable Help Document

w.tek.com

077-1401-00

Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions.

Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Speciﬁcations and price change privileges reserved.

TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

SourceXpress

is a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc.

Microsoft, Windows, Windows XP Professional, and Windows 7 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Supports the Environment Signals Plug-in Version 3.0.x and above.

Help part number: 076–0415–00

PDF of Help system part number: 077–1401–00

Contacting Tektronix

nix, Inc.

Tekt ro 14150 SW Karl Braun Drive P. O . B o x 500 Beaverton, OR 97077 USA

roduct information, sales, service, and technical support:

For p

In North America, call 1-800-833-9200. Worldwide, visit www.tek.com to ﬁnd contacts in your a rea.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Welcome............................................................................................................. 1

Key features ......................................................................................................... 2

Documentation......................................... ................................ ............................. 3

Support information....... .................................. ................................ ....................... 3

Orientation

Elements of the display ............................................................................................ 5

Plug-in selection ....................................... .................................. ........................... 5

Signal Format selection............. ................................ ................................ ............... 6

Environment Scenarios ................................... .................................. ....................... 6

Compile button..................... ................................ ................................ ................. 6

Reset Plug-in button......... ................................ ................................ ...................... 11

Help button ............... ................................ ................................ .......................... 11

Emitter graphical displays ........................................................................................ 11

Table of Contents

Environment scenarios

Working with scenarios ................................. ................................ .......................... 15

Creating scenarios

Scenario deﬁnition area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Common scenario parameters ............................................................................... 16

Deﬁning scenario durations........................ .................................. ........................ 16

Emitter basic parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Scenario list

Scenarios list menu ............................... ................................ ............................ 19

Emitter menu

Emitter menu operations .. . .................................................................................. 20

Emitter advanced settings

Advanced emitter settings .............. .................................. ................................ ........ 23

Pulse emitter

Pulse emitter parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Bluetooth emitter

Bluetooth emitter parameters .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

CDMA emitter

CDMA emitter parameters......................... ................................ .......................... 23

W-CDMA emitter

W-CDMA emitter parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................... 24

Environment Printable Help Document i

Table of Contents

Digital Modulation emitter

Digital Modulation emitter parameters . .................................................. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Setup

Hopping

Power Ramp

Analog Modulation emitter

Analog Modulation emitter parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... 30

DVB-T emitter

DVB-T emitter parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .......... 31

GSM emitter

GSM emitter parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

LTE (Long Term Evolution) emitter

LTE emitter parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................ 32

Noise emitter

Noise emitter parameters. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................... 33

OFDM emitter

OFDM emitter parameters ........................... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 33

Frame Settings tab

Preamble tab

Header tab

Payload tab

Symbol tab

Hopping tab

P25 emitter

Setup tab ........ ................................ .................................. ........................ 24

PRBS Editor.............................................................................................. 26

Hopping tab............................................................................................... 27

Power Ramp tab.................................... .................................. .................... 29

Frame Settings tab . ................................ .................................. .................... 33

Preamble tab.............................................................................................. 34

Header tab ................................................................................................ 35

Payload tab ............................................................................................... 35

Symbol tab................................................................................................ 36

Subcarriers for symbols

Subcarriers for symbols ............................................................................ 38

Deﬁning the Pattern................................................................................. 39

PRBS Editor ......... ................................ ................................ ................ 40

Modulation types available ........................................................................ 40

Deﬁning subcarrier positions .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ 41

Amplitude Phase Proﬁle

Amplitude Phase Proﬁle............................ .................................. .............. 41

Hopping tab............................................................................................... 42

ii Environment Printable Help Document

Table of Contents

P25 emitter parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... 43

Radar emitter

Pulse Envelope

Pulse Envelope tab....................................................................................... 43

Modulation

Modulation tab ........................................................................................... 45

PRBS Edito

Staggered PRI

Staggered PRI tab........................................................................................ 55

Offsets

Offsets tab .................... ................................ ................................ ............ 59

Hoppin

Hopping tab............................................................................................... 60

Antenna

Antenna tab ................... .................................. ................................ .......... 63

Tones emitter

Tones emitter parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................... 66

Deﬁned emitter

User

User Deﬁned emitter parameters .......... .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

WiFi emitter

WiFi emitter parameters ............. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 67

WiMAX emitter

WiMAX emitter parameters . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................ .. 68

parameters .......... ................................ .................................. ........ 43

Modulation settings ............................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

PRBS Editor ......... ................................ ................................ ................ 55

Licensing

Licensing ..... ................................ ................................ .................................. .... 69

Index

Environment Printable Help Document iii

Table of Contents

iv Environment Printable Help Document

Introduction Welcom e

Welcome

The Environment signal plug-in is a waveform creation application that allows you to emulate realistic signal interference.

The standards that are supported in the Environment plug-in include:

• Bluetooth • DVB-T • P25

•CDMA •GSM

•W-CDMA

xxx

•LTE •WiMAX

Along with the various signal standards, it also a llows seamless integration of signals created using other waveform plug-in capabilities such as:

• Radar

•OFDM

• Analog modulation

• Digital modulation

xxx

Requires additional licensing.

• Pulses

•Noise

• Tones

• User created waveforms

The Environment signal plug-in is designed to integrate and operate seamlessly as an enhancement to the following products:

•WiFi

SourceXpress waveform creation software version 5.3 and above

AWG70000 series arbitrary waveform generators s oftware version 5.3 and above

AWG5200 series arbitrary w aveform generators software version 6.0 and above

Once installed, the plug-in becomes available as another waveform plug-in application in SourceXpress.

illustrations in this document show the Environment signals plug-in viewed from the SourceXpress

The application. The plug-in interface is identical whether used from SourceXpress or installed on a generator.

Environment Printable Help Document 1

Introduction Key features

Key features

The Environment signal plug-in allows you to build scenarios of v arying types of signal interference.

Some of the key features include:

Build a variety of scenarios

Ability to build up to 50 scenarios

A large variety of emitters available

ty to add up to 100 emitters to a scenario

Abili

Compile both scenario waveforms and sequences

Control durations of each emitter

Set emitter power, start time, center frequency/baseband offset

Import user created interference signals

Create RF/IF or IQ signal formats

2 Environment Printable Help Document

Introduction Documentation

Documentation

In addition to this application Help system, the following documentation is available for the software.

All documentation is available on the Tektronix Web site (www.tek.com/manual/downloads

To read about Use these documents

Environment plug-in operation and user interface help

Environment plug-in programmer commands

SourceXpress operation and user interface help Access the SourceXpress application help from the Help menu for

SourceXpress programmer commands Access the SourceXpress programmer manual for the syntax of remote

Connected instrument operation and user interface help (such as an AWG70002A or AWG5204)

Access the plug-in application help from the plug-in Help menu for information on all controls and elements on screen.

The Environment plug-in help systemisalsoavailableinPDFformat located in the program’s installation folder and also available on the Tektronix web site.

Access the plug-in programmer manual for the syntax of remote commands speciﬁc to the plug-in.

This is available on the Tektronix web site.

information on all controls and elements on screen.

The SourceXpress help system is also available in PDF format, available on the Tektronix web site.

commands.

This document is available in PDF format located in the program’s installation folder and also available on the Tektronix web site.

For operation and interface help of a connected instrument, refer to the instrument’s documentation.

This is available with the instrument or on the Tektronix web site.

Connected instrument programmer commands (such as an AWG70002A or AWG5204)

xxx

Support information

Tektronix offers the following services in support of their products:

Technical Support. For application-related questions about a Tektronix product, contact us by

telephone or email.

Service Support. For service-related questions about a Tektronix product, contact us by telephone or

email.

Tektronix also offers e xtended warranty and calibration programs as options on many products. Contact your local Tektronix distributor or sales ofﬁce.

For programming information of a connected instrument, refer to the instrument’s documentation. This is available with the instrument or on the Tektronix web site.

Environment Printable Help Document 3

Introduction Support information

4 Environment Printable Help Document

Orientation Elements of the display

Elements of the display

The main areas of the application window are shown in the following ﬁgure.

Plug-in selection

Use the Plug-in pull-down menu to select the Environment plug-in application. The plug-in pull-down menu varies depending on the installed applications.

NOTE. The Environment plug-in requires a license to create waveforms.

Refer to Licensing

(see page 69).

Environment Printable Help Document 5

Orientation Signal Format selection

Signal Format selection

The Environment plug-in supports generation of two signal formats (RF/IF and IQ). This allows you to create baseband waveforms (complex signals with I and Q waveforms) and RF/IF waveforms (real signal waveforms).

Baseband signals (IQ format): When the IQ signal format is selected, a baseband complex signal is generated f assigned to a single channel which will be upconverted to the user deﬁned center frequency. Refer to the compile settings

RF signals (RF/IF format): When the RF signal format is selected, one waveform ﬁle is generated for each scenario if the setting is to create a single waveform in the compile settings.

or each scenario. If the instrument contains an IQ modulator, a complex signal can be

(see page 6).

Environment Scenarios

The Environment Scenarios area contains both the current list of scenarios and the emitter selections (for the selected scenario). A graphical representation of each emitter is also provided. The emitters can be shows in relation to emitter durations or a spectral graph of each emitter.

Refer to:

Environment Scenarios list and menu

Emitter menu operations (see page 20)

Compile button

Use the Compile button to compile all Environment Scenarios and place the scenari Waveforms list of the host application. Sequences (if enabled) are placed in the Sequence list.

Use the Compile settings button to edit the compilation settings.

(see page 19)

o waveforms into the

6 Environment Printable Help Document

Orientation Compile button

NOTE. When c

ompiling, all scenarios in the Environment Scenarios list are compiled.

Compile settings

Environment Printable Help Document 7

Orientation Compile button

Item Description

Channel Assignment The channel assignment area changes based on several factors:

selection (RF/IF verses IQ).

RF channel ass

I and Q channel assignmen

IQ channel assignment

ignment

Signal Format

Generator capabilities (IQ modulator to create IQ waveforms).

Choose the channel to associate with the compiled RF waveform. The selected channel is also used to deﬁ ne the amplitude ranges.

Choose the channels to associate with the compiled I and Q waveforms. The selected channel i

See the information about the “Use Internal IQ Modulator” selection.

salsousedtodeﬁne the amplitude ranges.

If the generator has IQ modulator capabilities (digital up converter), you are able to assign the complex IQ waveform to a channel.

Choose also used to deﬁ ne the amplitude ranges.

See the information about the “Use Internal IQ Modulator” selection.

Correction Files Check the box to apply a correction ﬁle directly to the scenario when compiling.

Use th

Onceavalidﬁle path is entered, the Correction Settings icon display the Frequency Response screen.

For R

For IQ signal formats, you can choose either a single IQ correction ﬁle or correction ﬁles for I and Q.

the channel to associate with the compiled IQ waveform. The selected channel is

e browse folder icon

F signal formats, you apply a single correction ﬁle to the scenario.

to navigate to a saved correction ﬁle.

is enabled. Select to

8 Environment Printable Help Document

Orientation Compile button

Item Description

Create each Environment Scenario as se

quence

If checked, each scenario will be compiled as a sequence.

If unchecked,

each scenario is created as one single waveform, which may take more

memory to compile, depending on the settings.

This check box is not shown if the instrument does not have the sequence option.

Adjust Frequency for wrap-around

When a waveform is in continuous play mode, it repeats when the end is reached. It is important to

take care of the phase continuity between the start and end of the waveform.

Discontinuity in the waveform produces frequency spurs.

The application might adjust the Sampling Rate, waveform length, and other waveform

to make the phase continuous at the end and beginning of the waveform.

a complex IQ waveform is created during compile.

Use Interna

l IQ Modulator

properties

If checked,

This check box is not shown if the instrument does not have an internal IQ modulator.

Overwrite existing waveform(s)/sequence(s)

If checked, a scenario with the same name (in the scenario list) is o verwritten with no warnings.

Compile only The compiled scenarios are simp ly entered into the Waveforms and Sequences lists.

Compile and assign to channel

ter assign

Play af

ng Rate

Sampli

Auto calculate

The compiled scenarios are automatically assigned to the selected c hannel.

The scenarios are compiled and listed in the waveform and sequence lists depending on

e of the "Create each Environment Scenario as sequence" setting.

the stat

ked, the scenarios starts to play out immediately after compiling.

If chec

s the default method to set the sampling rate. The application creates a sampling

This i rate based on the settings chosen.

Manua

Select to enter a speciﬁc sampling rate.

Compile Compiles the scenarios.

When compiling, all scenarios in the E nvironment Scenarios list are compiled.

xxx

Correction ﬁle frequency response

If applying an RF correction ﬁle, the Frequency Response screen shows plot information and provides Advanced options to apply a Gaussian ﬁlter or remove Sin(x)/x distortions.

Environment Printable Help Document 9

Orientation Compile button

If applying an I/Q correction ﬁle (to a pair of I and Q waveforms), the Frequency Response screen shows plot information and provides Advanced options to apply a skew.

When applying an I/Q correction ﬁle you can choose either a single IQ correction ﬁle or correction ﬁles for I and Q. The Frequency Response screen shows plot information and provides Advanced Options to apply a Gaussian ﬁlter or remove Sin(x)/x distortions. When selecting I and Q correction ﬁles, separate ﬁles for I and Q are shown in the Frequency Response window.

10 Environment Printable Help Document

Orientation Reset Plug-in button

Reset Plug-in button

Returns all plug-in settings to their default values.

Help button

Click User Manual to display the plug-in Help ﬁle which provides information about the selected plug-in application. Click About to display the selected plug-in’s version information.

Emitter graphical displays

The emitter deﬁnition area provides two types of graphical di in the scenario when compiled.

Duration: provides a graphical representation of the emitte

Spectrum provides a plot of the emitters represented as amplitude verses frequency in relation to each other.

splays of the emitters selected to be included

r’s durations in relation to each other.

Environment Printable Help Document 11

Orientation Emitter graphical displays

Duration display

The duration displays a time-bar for each emitter’s duration. The emitter must be turned on.

As seen in the illustration here, there are three emitters. As shown, the duration display represents the following aspects:

The Pulse is the anchor emitter.

Each emitter has a color assignment.

The Scenario Duration is set to Anchor. So the Pulse duration is the total scenario duration, at 280 μs.

The Radar emitter has a duration of 85 μs but has a Start Time (delay) of 10 μs from the anchor emitter.

The Tones emitter has a duration of 100.043 μs.

All durations are within (less than) the Anchor emitter.

Spectrum display

The spectrum displays a spectrum plot for each emitter. The emitter must be turned on.

As seen in the illustration here, there are three emitters. As shown, the spectrum display represents the following aspects:

Each emitter has a color assignment.

The center frequency of each emitter.

The amplitude relationship between emitters.

12 Environment Printable Help Document

Orientation Emitter graphical displays

Environment Printable Help Document 13

Orientation Emitter graphical displays

14 Environment Printable Help Document

Environment scenarios Working with scenarios

Working with scenarios

The Environment plug-in displays all existing scenarios. As you select scenarios, the emitters table display the emitters for the selected scenario. You can only display the e mitters table for one scenario at a time.

NOTE. New sce

See the Scenarios list operations

narios are created with a single Pulse emitter with all default settings.

Scenario deﬁnition area

The Scenario deﬁnition area contains two areas to add and deﬁne emitter parameters:

Common scenario parameters (see page 16)

Basic emitter parameters (see page 17)

(see page 19) for details about managing the scenario list.

Environment Printable Help Document 15

Environment scenarios Common scenario parameters

Once an emitter is added to the Scenario deﬁnition area, selecting the emitter displays its Advanced settings in tabs at the bottom of the screen.

See the section Advanced emitter settings

Common scenario parameters

Each scenario has three basic parameters that are applicable to the selected scenario:

Magnitude (Peak): If the Signal Format is RF/IF, set the signal amplitude in units of dBm.

Amplitude: If the Signal Format is IQ, set the signal amplitude in units of peak-to-peak volts.

Scenario Duration: Choose to set the scenario’s duration to either match the Anchor emitter’s duration or to set the duration manually. See Deﬁning scenario durations

(see page 23) to conﬁgure emitters.

(see page 16) for more information.

Deﬁning scenario durations

The total scenario duration is determined by the Scenario Duration setting.

Anchor sets the scenario duration to the duration of the emitter (plus start time) chosen to be the anchor.

Manual lets you enter a

Using the Anchor as duration

When the Scenario Duration is set to use the Anchor, the scenario duration equals the duration of the emitter chosen to be the Anchor. If the emitter has a Start Time, this is added to the scenario duration.

scenario duration independent of the emitters.

16 Environment Printable Help Document

Environment scenarios Emitter basic parameters

In the example below, the Scenario Duration is set to Anchor. The Anchor emitter is chosen to be the Pulse emitter, which has an Emitter Duration of 280 μs. The Pulse emitter also has a Start Time of 4 μs. So the total Sc

The Radar emitter duration is less than the Anchor emitter duration, which allows the Radar emitter signal to complete i

Note that the emitters have both a Conﬁgured Duration and an Emitter Duration ﬁeld.

enario Duration is set to 284 μs.

ts entire cycle.

The Conﬁg The Conﬁgured Duration is not adjustable from the emitter table, only from the emitter’s advanced settings.

The Emit emitter’s duration in this ﬁeld.

NOTE. Changing the emitter duration to a value different than its conﬁgured duration will impact the emitter signal.

Shortening the Emitter Duration will truncate the si gnal. Lengthening the Emitter Duration causes the emitter signal to repeat (as many times necessary) to match the modiﬁed Emitter Duration time. But the ﬁnal repeated cycle of the signal might be truncated. If an emitter’s conﬁgured duration is such that there is dead time when compared to the Anchor emitter’s duration, consider using the Integer Repeat function. This frame, without truncating the signal.

ured Duration is the duration of the emitter as conﬁgured in the emitter’s Advanced settings.

ter Duration ﬁeld is initially set to match the Conﬁgured Duration, but you can adjust the

causes the emitter signal to repeat as many times as possible, within the Anchor duration time

Using Manual duration

Setting the Scenario Duration to Manual allows you to directly specify the scenario duration. No emitters impact the duration.

Emitter basic parameters

Each emitter contained within a scenario has basic parameters that are displayed next to the selected scenario. These settings are independent between the scenario emitters, although the chosen anchor may impact other emitters, based on duration settings.

Environment Printable Help Document 17

Environment scenarios Emitter basic parameters

NOTE. Detailed emitter settings are displayed at the bottom of the screen. Refer to the speciﬁc emitter in the Advanced emitter settings

Item Description

Index

Turn On

Emitter Type Use the pull-down list to select an emitter.

Name

Color Select the color to use to represent the emitter in both the Duration and Spectrum

Center Frequency Available for RF/IF signal format.

(see page 23) section.

Lists the index number of the emitter. Up to 100 emitters can be deﬁned per scenario.

This ﬁeld a

waveform is limited by the anchor signal duration.

or manual). This will cause the emitter s ignal to be truncated to the length of the scenario duration.

When selected, the emitter signal will be included when the scenario is compiled.

Use this ﬁeld to rename the emitter. The emitter name is used in the Duration graph.

By default, the emitter name uses the Emitter Type name appended with a numerical value.

graphs.

Adjust the center frequency for each emitter.

lso includes two possible icons: Anchor and warning icons.

indicates the emitter the anchor emitter. The overall duration of the compiled

indicates that the emitter’s duration is longer than the scenario duration (anchor

NOTE. ForUserDeﬁned emitters (user supplied RF waveforms), the center

frequency and phase offset is obtained from the waveform ﬁle.

Baseband Offset Available for IQ signal format.

Adjust the Baseband Offset for each emitter.

Power Ratio

Phase Offset Enter a phase offset (of the emitter) with respect to other emitters within the scenario.

Enter a relative power level (of the emitter) with respect to other emitters within the scenario.

NOTE. ForUserDeﬁned emitters (user supplied RF waveforms), the center

frequency and phase offset is obtained from the waveform ﬁle.

Start Time Select a start time for the emitter to start in relation to the other emitters in the scenario,

effectively adding a delay to the emitter signal.

If the emitter is the anchor, the overall scenario duration is increased by the additional start time.

Conﬁgured Duration Displays the current conﬁgured duration for the emitter. This is not adjustable from the

emitter table. The duration is deﬁned in the advanced emitter setup tabs.

18 Environment Printable Help Document

Environment scenarios Scenarios list menu

Item Description

Integer Repeat

Emitter Durat

xxx

ion

Selecting Integer Repeat causes the emitter signal to repeat (as many times as possible) com deﬁned by the Scenario Duration.

Deﬁnes the signal duration for the speciﬁc emitter in the ﬁnal compiled scenario.

If the value is less than the conﬁgured duration, the signal will be incomplete.

If the v alue i the emitter duration is reached. This can lead to incomplete cycles and truncated signals. Use the Integer Repeat function for the emitter to avoid incomplete and truncated s

plete full cycles of the emitter’s Conﬁgured Duration within the time

s more than the conﬁgured duration, the conﬁgured duration repeats until

ignals.

Scenarios list menu

Initially, the Environment plug-in contains one default Scenario with a single Pulse emitter. Right-clicking in the Envi cancontainupto50scenarios.

ronment Scenario list opens a menu that allows you to manage the scenario list. The list

The Environment Scenario menu contains the following options:

Item Description

Add Scenario Creates an new Scenario containing one Pulse emitter. The Scenario is placed at the bottom

of the Environment Scenarios list. All parameters of the new Scenario are set to their default values.

Open Scenario(s) Allows you to select and open an existing setup ﬁle containing scenarios. The scenarios are

added to the Environment Scenarios list.

If the setup ﬁle contains multiple scenarios, you are presented with an Available Environment Scenarios screen to select which scenarios to import.

If a scenario name already exists, you’ll be presented with a screen to decide how to handle the scenario.

Waveforms and Sequences, that may have been saved with the setup ﬁle, are not imported. If you want the saved waveforms and sequences, use the File menu of the host application.

Environment Printable Help Document 19

Environment scenarios Emitter menu operations

Item Description

Combine Scenarios

Allows you to create a new scenario that includes all emitters contained in the scenarios selected to combine.

The order in wh the new combined scenario.

The anchor emitter for the new combined scenario is the anchor emitter from the scenario selected ﬁrs

ich you select the scenarios to combine dictate the order of the emitters in

NOTE. The order in which the emitters are displayed has no impact on the compiled scenario.

Make a Copy Creates a duplicate copy of the selected scenario.

Rename Allows you t

Remove

xxx

Deletes the

This menu item is not selectable if there is only one scenario in the list. At least one scenario must always exist.

o rename the selected scenario.

selected Scenario.

Emitter menu operations

With any emitter selected, a right-mouse click in the table displays a menu of operations.

Item Description

Set As Anchor Chooses which emitter to use as the anchor.

The overall duration of the ﬁnal waveform is limited by the anchor signal duration.

Add Emitter

The anchor icon

Select to add a new emitter type to the selected scenario. Use the drop-down list to select the emitter type to add. The new emitter is appended to the end of the existing emitters.

is placed in the index column of the anchor emitter.

20 Environment Printable Help Document

Environment scenarios Emitter menu operations

Item Description

Insert Emitter

Copy Copies the sel

Paste

Select to insert a new emitter type into the selected scenario. Use the drop-down list to select the emitter ty

pe to add. The new emitter is inserted above the currently selected emitter.

ected emitter deﬁnition (or deﬁnitions) in preparation to paste into a scenario.

Pastes the co

pied emitter deﬁnition(s) over the selected emitter deﬁnition(s).

NOTE. The anchor emitter can not be pasted over.

Emitter deﬁnitions can be copied and pasted between scenarios.

Paste-Insert

Pastes the

copied emitter deﬁnition(s) into the scenario above the selected emitter deﬁnition.

Remove D eletes the selected emitters.

You can als

o press Delete on the keyboard.

There are several ways to select multiple emitters:

Left-mouse click on an emitter, continue to hold the left-mouse button and slide the selection either up

or down to highlight the emitters.

Select an emitter, then hold the Shift key to select continuous emitters.

Hold the Ctrl key and select emitters.

NOTE. Th

xxx

e anchor emitter can not be removed.

Environment Printable Help Document 21

Environment scenarios Emitter menu operations

22 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Advanced emitter settings

Advanced emitter settings

This section contains the information for about advanced parameters available for each emitter. The advanced parameters appear as tabbed sections at the bottom of the screen.

The links below provide quick a ccess to each emitter ’s advanced settings.

Pulse emitter parameters (see page 23) Noise emitter parameters (see page 33)

Bluetooth emitter parameters (see page 23) OFDM emitter parameters (see page 33)

CDMA emitter parameters (see page 23) P25 emitter parameters (see page 43)

W-CDMA emitter parameters (see page 24) Radar emitter parameters (see page 43)

Digital Modulation emitter parameters (see page 24) Tones emitter parameters (see page 66)

Analog Modulation emitter parameters1 (see page 30) User Deﬁned emitter parameters (see page 66)

DVBT emitter parameters (see page 31) WiFi emitter parameters (see page 67)

GSM emitter parameters (see page 31) WiMAX emitter parameters (see page 68)

LTE emitter parameters (see page 32)

xxx

Pulse emitter parameters

Item Description

Pulse Width Enter the pulse width.

PRI

Repeat Count Select the number of times to repeat the pulse emitter signal. The emitter duration

xxx

The Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI) value sets the conﬁgured emitter duration and is displayed as seconds. The PRI value can be affected by the Pulse Width setting.

(PRI) increases to match the repeat count.

Bluetooth emitter parameters

Item Description

Standard Choose the Bluetooth standard to create.

LE 1M, LE 2M, LE Coded, BR, EDR

Modulation

DataRate Fixedto1Mbps.

xxx

FixedtoGFSK.

CDMA emitter parameters

Item Description

Link

Number of channels Set the number of trafﬁc channels to 9, 12, or 15.

Set the CDMA channel type to Forward or Reverse.

Environment Printable Help Document 23

Emitter advanced settings W-CDMA emitter parameters

Item Description

Radio conﬁguration Set the radio conﬁguration to RC1, RC2, RC3, RC4, or RC5.

Data rate

xxx

The available data rates is dependent on the Radio conﬁguration setting.

RC1: 1200 bps,

RC2: 1800 bps, 3600 bps, 7200 bps, 14400 bps.

RC3: 1500 bps, 2700 bps, 4800 bps, 9600 bps.

RC4: 1500 bps

RC5: 1800 bps, 3600 bps, 7200 bps, 14400 bps.

2400 bps, 4800 bps, 9600 bps.

, 2700 bps, 4800 bps, 9600 bps.

W-CDMA emitter parameters

Item Description

Link

Down link mode

With CPICH channel Select this to include a CPICH channel.

Number of Channels Set the number of channels.

Number of HS-PDSCH channels Set the number of channels to 4 or 8.

Number of DPCH channels Select the number of channels, 1–6. This option is available when you select Down in

Data rate When the Link type is Up, the data rates can be set to 15 kbps 30 kbps, 60 kbps, 120

xxx

SetthelinktypetoDownorUp.

Set the mode to DPCH or TestMode 1–6.

This option is available when the Link type is set to Down.

This option is available when you select Down in the Link list a nd TestMode4 in the Down Link Mode list.

When the Link is set to Up, the number of channels is from 1 to 6.

When the Link type is set to Down, the number of channels varies based on the Down Link mode.

This option is available when you select Down in the Link list a nd TestMode6 in the Down Link Mode list.

the Link list and DPCH in the Down Link Mode list, or when you select Up in the Link list.

kbps, 240 kbps, 480 kbps, or 960 kbps.

When the Link type is Down, the data rate is ﬁxedat15kbps.

Digital Modulation emitter parameters

Setup tab

Item Description

Digital Modulation setup parameters

Data

Pattern

All Zero

All One Sends a sequence of binary 1 symbols.

24 Environment Printable Help Document

Select the data source:

Sends a sequence of binary 0 symbols.

Emitter advanced settings Setup tab

Data

PRBS Select the PRBS type from the following: 7, 9, 15, 16, 20, 21, 23, 29, 31, and User Deﬁned.

To edit the bit display the PRBS Editor

Pattern

File

Coding Depending on how the receiver is set to receive the information bits, coding can be applied on

Digital Mod

Modulation

nDPSK

APSK (16, 32,

64)

ulation

Phase Rotation

Advanced Parameters

Enter a pattern of 0s and 1s up to a maximum of 256 digits in the text ﬁeld that appears.

Select the base data ﬁle to be used by entering the path or browsing to the ﬁle. The supported formats are .txt.

the bit str

Specify the coding type: None, Gray, Differential.

Select a mo parameters that are displayed upon selection. Below are descriptions of the various additional parameters.

Available when modulation is set to n DPSK.

Set the ph

Set the n value of n-DPSK modulation. n must be a power of 2.

Available when modulation is set to one of the APSK types.

The Adv symbol arrangement.

sequence, select User Deﬁned. This displays the PRBS Editor icon

(see page 26) dialog screen.

eam.

dulation type from the pull-down list. Some modulation types have additional

ase in degrees for the Differential PSK Modulation.

anced Parameters displays how the symbols are arranged. Use the ﬁelds to deﬁne the

. Select to

The number of symbols must equal the APSK type selected.

FSK

FSK Peak Deviation

CPM

Index

ASK

ASK Mod Index

Symbol Rate Enter the symbol rate for modulation.

Available when modulation is set to one of the FSK types.

Enter the FSK peak deviation value in Hz.

Continuous Phase Modulation uses a multi-h phase c oded scheme, where h is the modulation index.

Choose one of the predeﬁned modulation index pairs.

Available when modulation is set to ASK.

Enter the ASK modulation index from 0 to 200%.

Environment Printable Help Document 25

Emitter advanced settings PRBS Editor

Filter

Window

Convolution Length

xxx

The ﬁlter selection is dependent on the M odulation selection.

Select the ﬁlt Gaussian, Triangular, Edge, Half-Sine, and User Deﬁned.

User Deﬁned

Selecting Us use the folder icon to browse to a ﬁlter ﬁle).

A ﬁlter ﬁle allows users to provide the ﬁlter coefﬁcients. The ﬁle should have header information containing S

For example:

SamplesPerSymbol = 50

Select the window type from the following: None, Triangular, Hamming, Hanning, Blackman, Kaiser, Blackman Harris, Exact Blackman, Flat Top, Tapered Cosine, and Chebyshev Ripple.

Enter the convolution length.

Convolution Length deﬁnes the number of adjacent symbols to consider while ﬁltering the symbol. This in

er from the following options: Rectangular, Raised Cosine, Root Raised Cosine,

er Deﬁned provides a ﬁlename dialog box to enter a path to a user deﬁned ﬁlter ﬁle (or

amples to be considered per symbol followed by ﬁlter coefﬁcients.

-0.000007

-0.000014

-0.000021

-0.000028

-0.000034

-0.000041

-0.00004

....

turn deﬁnes the number of ﬁlter taps.

PRBS Editor

This dialog box is displayed when clicking PRBS Editor icon when PRBS is set to User Deﬁned for the Data and Pilot pattern type. (Symbols tab).

PRBS sequences are generated by a feedback shift register. The number (#) following PRBS indicates the length of the generating shift register. For instance, a shift register with 16 memory cells is required to generate a PRBS 16 sequence. The pseudo-random sequence of a PRBS generator is determined by the number of registers and the feedback.

26 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Hopping tab

Hopping tab

Item Description

Hopping Pat

Custom Hop

Hop Time

Symbols P er Hop Symbols per Hop determines how many Sy mbols occur between each Hop. The value applies to

tern

ping Pattern

Three hoppi

Custom: Hops are based on the Frequency Hop List.

Pseudo Random List: Hops are chosen randomly (based on PRBS selection) from the Frequency Hop List.

Pseudo Random Range: Hops are chosen randomly (based on PRBS selection) from frequencies between a minimum and maximum frequency with a minimum frequency spacing Frequencies included i

Select th

the entire hop pattern.

Range:

Use the Frequency Hop List

ng patterns are available.

n the Frequency Avoid List will be skipped.

emethodtodeﬁne the Hop Time

Symbols Per Hop

Hops Per Second

Symbol St

Hop Duration

art Index

1 to 5000000.

Hops Per Second

Hops Per Second determines how many hops occur for each second.

Range: 1 to 1000000000.

Environment Printable Help Document 27

Emitter advanced settings Hopping tab

Custom Hopping

Symbol Start Index

Pattern

Use the Frequency Hop List

Deﬁnes the index the speciﬁc hop starts. Each hop must contain a unique start index.

Hop Duration

Pseudo Random List Hopping Pattern

Hop Time

Symbols Per Hop Symbols per Hop determines how many Symbols occur between each Hop. The value applies to

Deﬁnes the amount of hop time the pattern will play each hop. Each hop must have its own

on.

durati

Select the method to deﬁne the H op Time

Symbols Per Hop

Hops Per Second

the entire hop pattern.

Range: 1 to 5000000.

28 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Power Ramp tab

Pseudo Random List Hopping Pattern

Use the Frequency Hop List

PRBS Pattern Select the PRBS pattern for hopping.

Pseudo Random Range Hopping Pattern

Hop Time

Symbols P er Hop Symbols per Hop determines how many Symbols occur between each Hop. The value applies to

Minimum Frequency

Maximum Frequency

Frequency Spacing Specify the minimum frequency intervals for hopping. The signal will hop avoiding the frequencies

PRBS Pattern Select the PRBS pattern for hopping:

Frequency Avoid List

Select the method to deﬁne the Hop Time

Symbols Per Hop

Hops Per Second

the entire hop pattern.

Range: 1 to 5000000.

Enter the frequency range within which to hop. Specify the start frequency for the range.

Specify the end frequency for the range.

speciﬁed in the table in this interval or at multiples of this interval.

Enable the Avoid List and the signal will avoid hopping in the frequencies speciﬁed in the table.

xxx

wer Ramp tab

Item Description

Ramp Function

Initial Level

Ramp Duration

Select the power ramping function from the following: Linear and Cosine.

Enter the level of the power ramping. Range: –100 dB to 0 dB.

Enter the duration of ramp. Range: 1 ns to 1 sec.

Environment Printable Help Document 29

Emitter advanced settings Analog Modulation emitter parameters

Item Description

Duration Unit

Periodically extend power levels

xxx

Deﬁne the duration of time in the deﬁned power level.

Time: The dura

Symbols: The duration is set by choosing a start symbol and an end symbol.

The Power ramp table adjusts to accommodate using Time or Symbols.

When selected, the time characteristic of the power ramping is continued periodically until the end of the sig

If the total deﬁned Durations of power ramp is less than the waveform duration, the signal power during the rest of the duration not deﬁned by the table is set to –200 dB.

If Periodic in the table.

tion is set in units of time.

nal.

ally Extend is selected, the Power ramp table is circularly selected to repeat the pattern

Analog Modulation emitter parameters

Item Description

Analog Modulation setup parameters

Analog Modulation

Modulation

AM Index

PM Deviation

Frequency Deviation

Modulating Signal

Modulating Signal Select the Modulating Signal from the following options: Sinusoidal, Triangular, Square, and

Modulating Frequency

Phase Offset Available for Sinusoidal, Triangular, and Square modulation signals.

Filename

Select the Modulation from the following options: AM, PM, and FM.

Deﬁnes the Modulation depth in percentage

Deﬁnes the Phase deviation in degrees.

Deﬁnes the Frequency deviation in Hz.

User Deﬁned.

Available for Sinusoidal, Triangular, and Square modulation signals.

Deﬁne the frequency of the baseband/modulating signal in Hz.

Deﬁne the phase offset of the modulating signal from 180° to –180°.

Available for User Deﬁned modulation signals. Provides a ﬁlename dialog box to enter a path to a user deﬁned ﬁlter or use the folder icon to browse to a ﬁlter ﬁle.

30 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings DVB-T emitter parameters

Modulating Sig

Sampling Rate Available for

Interpolatio

Sinc

Nearest Neighbor

xxx

nal

Deﬁne the Sampling Rate at w hich the signal is created.

Available for User Deﬁned modulation signals.

The User deﬁned signals will have to be interpolated to the sampling rate as required by the software. Ty

If the signal is bandlimited, Sinc interpolation can be used.

If the signal is rectangular or square type, Nearest Neighbor interpolation can be used.

DVB-T emitter parameters

Item Description

Transmission

Mode

Interleaver

Bandwidth

Modulation

Alpha

xxx

Set transmission type to Hierarchical or Non-Hierarchical.

In hierarchical modulation, two separate data streams are modulated onto a single DVB-T stream. A high-priority stream (HP) is embedded in a low-priority stream (LP).

In non-hierarchical modulation, all the programs multiplexed onto the transport stream effectively undergo the same channel coding and mapping in the physical layer.

Set the mode to 2 K or 8 K.

Set the interleaver to Native or In-Depth.

Set the bandwidth to 5 MHz, 6 MHz, 7 MHz, or 8 MHz.

Set the modulation from the following:

Hierarchical transmission: 16 Q AM or 64 QAM.

Non-hierarchical transmission: QPSK, 16 QAM, or 64 QAM.

This value is ﬁxed at 1 and is only displayed when the transmission type is set to hierarchical modulation.

User Deﬁned modulation signals.

pe of interpolation depends on the users signals.

GSM emitter parameters

Ite

ARF

Frequency band

ransmit device

Radio format Set the radio format to GSM, EDGE, EGPRS2A, or EGPRS2B.

Environment Printable Help Document 31

cription

Des

s display-only ﬁeld shows a value based on what you choose in the Frequency

Thi Band ﬁeld: either 100, 512, or 600.

ARFCN speciﬁes a pair of physical ratio carriers and channels used for transmission

d reception.

eciﬁes the cellular frequencies designated by the ITU. Set the frequency band to

Sp P-GSM_900, DCS_1800, or PCS_1900.

GSM networks consist of a Mobile Station (MS) and a BaseStation Subsystem (BSS). Set the transmit device to Base or Mobile.

Emitter advanced settings LTE emitter parameters

Item Description

Timeslot burst type

Modulation

Timeslot conﬁguration Speciﬁes the number of timeslots that are occupied. Set the Timeslot timing to All

Timeslot timing mode

xxx

The options in this list depend on what you chose for Radio format:

GSM: Normal, F

EDGE: Normal, Frequency correction, Synchronization, Access, Dummy

EGPRS2A: Normal

EGPRS2B: Nor

The options i

GSM: GMSK

EDGE: GMSK

EGPRS2A: π/

EGPRS2B: π/4 HSR 16QAM, π/4 HSR HSR 32QAM, π/4 HSR QPSK

timeslots, 1 timeslots, or 047 timeslots.

The options in this list depend on what you chose for Radio format.

GSM: 157 s

EDGE: 157 symbols*2 TS, 156 symbols*6 TS or 156.25 symbols*8 timeslots

EGPRS2A: 157 symbols*2 TS, 156 sym bols*6 TS or 156.25 symbols*8 TS

EGPRS2B

ymbols*2 TS, 156 symbols*6 TS or 156.25 symbols*8 timeslots

:188.4 symbols*2 T S, 187.2 symbols*6 TS or 187.5 symbols*8 TS

requency c orrection, Synchronization, Access, Dummy

mal

n this list depend on what you chose for Radio format:

4 16QAM, π/4 32Q AM

LTE emitter parameters

Item Description

Bandwidth

Duplexing Type

Conﬁguration Conﬁguration is available when the Duplexing Type is set to TDD.

ansmission

Carrier Aggregation

Additional Carriers Set the number of addition carriers to 1, 2 or 3.

Set the carrier bandwidth value to 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, or 20 MHz.

Set the Duplexing Type to TDD (time-division-duplexing) or FDD (frequency division duplexing).

Choose a Conﬁguration type from 0 to 6. See the following chart for speciﬁcs about the various types.

ansmission is available when the Duplexing Type is set to FDD.

Set the Transmission to UpLink or DownLink.

32 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Noise emitter parameters

Item Description

Carrier BandWidth Set a Carrier BandWidth for each addition carrier.

r BandWidth to 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, or 20 MHz.

ffset for each addition carrier.

Carrier O ffse

xxx

Set the Carrie

Set a Carrier O

The carrier offset frequency range is determined by the selected Bandwidth.

Noise emitter parameters

Item Description

Noise

White Adds white noise.

Band Limited

Bandwidth

Duration

Full Scenario Duration Choose this option to match the noise signal duration to the ﬁnal waveform duration.

User Deﬁned Duration If you select this option, the Duration ﬁeld becomes active.

xxx

Adds Band Limited noise. If you select this option, the Bandwidth ﬁeld becomes active.

Available only if you choose Band Limited as the Noise type. Enter a value to specify the bandwidth of the noise signal.

Enter a value to specify the duration, in seconds, of the noise signal.

OFDM emitter parameters

The O FDM emitter advanced parameters are divided into six tabs:

Frame Settings tab

mble tab

Prea

(see page 33)

(see page 34)

Header tab (see page 35)

Payload tab (see page 35)

Symbol tab (see page 36)

Hopping tab (see page 42)

Frame Settings tab

The Frames tab sets the bandwidth and off-time of the OFDM frame.

Environment Printable Help Document 33

Emitter advanced settings Preamble tab

Item Description

Bandwidth

Off-Time Enter the amount of off-time to add to the end of the OFDM frame.

xxx

Enter the bandwidth of the carrier in Hz.

The bandwidth is dependent on the instrument type.

Preamble tab

Click Turn On to enable the frame preamble.

Enable one (or both) of the Preamble selections to deﬁne the path to a saved preamble ﬁle. You can enter the path directly or use the folder icon to navigate to your saved ﬁle.

For each frame, you can use either or both preamble ﬁles. Based on the different standard needs, there can be multiple preamble requirements. Two preambles are supported.

Item Description

ain

Dom

epeat

equency

Specify data in Frequency domain or Time domain.

Preamble data can be speciﬁed in the Frequency domain.

Preamble data can be speciﬁed in the Time domain.

Specify the repeat value, which deﬁnes the number of times Preamble is repeated.

34 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Header tab

Item Description

Subcarriers Spacing Subcarrier spacing deﬁnes the separation of each carrier in the frequency domain description

of the Preambl

Sampling Rate Specify the sa

xxx

e data.

mpling rate for the data in the Preamble ﬁle.

Header tab

Click Turn On to enable the header.

Item Description

File

Domain

Repeat

arriers

Subc Spacing

Sampling Rate Specify the sampling rate for the data in the Header ﬁle.

Symbols Select S ymbols to insert deﬁned symbols i nto the table.

Symbols Select a row to insert a user deﬁned symbol. A dialog box is presented to allow you the select

Repeat

xxx

Payload tab

ClickTurnOntoenablethepayload.

Select ﬁle to use a predeﬁned header ﬁle.

Chose how the header ﬁle is structured in the Frequency domain or Time domain.

ided spectrum is assumed for Frequency domain.

Two-s

fy the repeat value, which deﬁnes the number of times Header is repeated.

Speci

arrier spacing deﬁnes the separation of each carrier in the frequency domain description

Subc of the Header data.

the symbol to insert.

e symbols must ﬁrst be deﬁned in the Symbol tab

pecify the repeat value, which deﬁnes the number of times the symbol is repeated.

(see page 36).

Environment Printable Help Document 35

Emitter advanced settings Symbol tab

Item Description

Symbols Select a row to insert a user deﬁned symbol. A dialog box is presented to allow you the select

the symbol to insert.

(see page 36).

xxx

Repeat

The symbols must ﬁrst be deﬁned in the Symbol tab

Specify the repeat value, which deﬁnes the number of times the symbol is repeated.

Symbol tab

Use the Symbol tab to create and deﬁne symbols. Each symbol is unique with different settings.

At least one symbol is present in the symbol tab. Click Add to add a symbol to the table. To rename a symbol, select the symbol, double-click it and type a name.

The symbols deﬁned here are then available for selection in the Frames Payload tab

(see page 35).

36 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Symbol tab

Item Description

User-deﬁned

ency weight

frequ

arriers Spacing

Subc

Frequency Offset If enabled, then specify the frequency offset value for the selected symbol.

Phase Offset If enabled, then specify the phase offset value for the selected symbol.

Clipping Ratio If enabled, then specify the Clipping Ratio value for the selected symbol. Clipping Ratio is the

Specify the ﬁle from which to load symbol data. You still have to specify the Subcarrier spacing.

ionally, you can add Frequency Offset, Phase Offset, Clipping Ratio, Guard Interval, and an

Addit Amplitude/Phase Proﬁle to the symbol.

The Subcarrier parameter selections are disabled when using a user deﬁned ﬁle.

sided spectrum is assumed for a frequency domain symbol description.

Atwo-

r the frequency interval between carriers.

Ente

The maximum value is dependent on carrier bandwidth (BW). Range is from 1 Hz to carrier bandwidth.

1Hz

Min:

Max: Carrier BW value

Clip power level divided by Average Power.

Environment Printable Help Document 37

Emitter advanced settings Subcarriers for symbols

Item Description

Guard Interval This is used to reduce inter-symbol interference and reducing fading due to the frequency selective

hannels.

to display the proﬁle conﬁguration display.

c Amplitude Phase Proﬁle

rier section is not available when using a user-deﬁned frequency weight.

(see page 38) for an explanation of the settings.

(see page 41).

Amplitude Phase Proﬁle

Subcarrie

xxx

nature of the c

Cyclic Preﬁx

Zero Padding

Select to turn on the proﬁ le.

Use the settings icon

See the topi

The subcar

See the Subcarriers

Subcarriers for symbols

The subcarrier section is not available when using a user-deﬁned frequency weight.

38 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Deﬁning the Pattern

Item Description

–/+

All+

Total subcarriers

Null positions

Select –/+ to show both the negative and positive subcarriers in the display graph.

Select All+ to

Enter the numb

A minimum of two carriers is required.

A maximum of 4096 carries is allowed but the number must be a multiple of two.

Enable the Null positions if you want to specify certain subcarriers as null carriers, then specify the positions.

Double click inside the positions box to enter values directly.

only show the positive subcarriers in the display graph.

er of carriers for each symbol.

Click the

Null carriers are colored white in the display graph.

See Deﬁning subcarrier positions positions.

Guard positions Enable Guard positions if you want to specify certain subcarri ers a s guard carriers, then specify

the positions.

Double click inside the positions box to enter values directly.

Click the

Guard carriers are colored fuchsia in the display graph.

See Deﬁ positions.

nd Pilot

Data a subcarriers

ern

Patt

Modu

itions

Pos

xxx

lation

Enable Data and Pilot subcarriers to specify these subcarriers.

Data carriers are colored blue in the display graph.

carriers are colored yellow in the display graph.

Pilot

Once enabled, you can specify the Pattern, Modulation, and Positions.

Data and Pilot subcarriers require a pattern selection. See Deﬁning the Pattern

Data and Pilot subcarriers require a modulation selection. See Modulation types

Data and Pilot subcarriers require that you specify the positions of these carriers.

See Deﬁning subcarrier positions

sitions.

icon to display a text entry screen for easier entry.

(see page 41) for information on how to properly format the

icon to display a text entry screen for easier entry.

ning subcarrier positions

(see page 41) for information on how to properly format the

(see page 39).

(see page 40).

Deﬁning the Pattern

tem

ll One

All Zero

File

Environment Printable Help Document 39

escription

ends a sequence of binary 1 symbols.

Sends a sequence of binary 0 symbols.

Select the base data ﬁle to be used by entering the path or browsing to the ﬁle. The supported format is .txt.

Emitter advanced settings PRBS Editor

Item Description

PRBS Select the PRBS type from the following: 7, 9, 15, 16, 20, 21, 23, 29, 31, and User Deﬁned.

Pattern

xxx

PRBS Editor

This dialog box is displayed when clicking PRBS Editor icon when PRBS is set to User Deﬁned for the Data and Pilot pattern type. (Symbols tab).

To edit the bit display the PRBS Editor

Enter a pattern of 0s and 1s up to a maximum of 256 digits in the text ﬁeld that appears.

sequence, select User Deﬁned. This displays the PRBS Editor icon

(see page 40) dialog screen.

. Select to

Modulation types available

Item Description

PSK BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK

QAM 8 QAM, 16 QAM, 32 QAM, 64 QAM, 128 QAM, 256 QAM, 512 QAM, 1024 QAM

xxx

40 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Deﬁning subcarrier positions

Deﬁning subcarrier positions

Null, Guard, Data, and Pilot positions all need to be speciﬁed when enabled.

Proper format of the positions must be followed to avoid errors.

Double click inside a positions box to enter values directly. Or, click the icon to display a text entry scree

Separate all positions (or ranges) with a single comma.

Deﬁne a range of positions with the use of colon.

Example:

–22:–19,12,20 selects the four positions from –22 through –19, then positions 12 and 20.

n for easier entry.

Amplitude Phase Proﬁle

This feature enables the you to selectively apply attenuation and phase rotation on each subcarrier or each type of

subcarrier, such as pilot and data subcarriers.

Environment Printable Help Document 41

Emitter advanced settings Hopping tab

Item Description

Fixed

Data

Pilot

Custom Selecting Custom enables the table editor.

xxx

Selecting Fixed a llows you to enter the amplitude and phase for all data and pilot positions.

The data subcarrier (in the Symbols tab) must be enabled before you can choose to set the data phase pro

The pilot sub phase proﬁle.

With the custom table editor, you can specify the amplitude and phase for any carrier position.

See Deﬁning positions.

ﬁle.

carrier (in the Symbols tab) must be enabled before you can choose to set the Pilot

subcarrier positions

(see page 41) for information on how to properly format the

Hopping tab

Click Turn On to enable hopping.

Hopping a

llows you to add frequency and amplitude hopping for a selected carrier.

Frequency hopping can be used to create frequency agile waveforms. Frequency hopping is used in

nic counter measures by rapidly switching the frequency of the transmitted energy, and receiving

electro only that frequency during the receiving time window.

Item Description

Hop Time Hopping times are based on the Frequency Hop List.

Select the method to deﬁne the Hop Time:

Symbol Start Index

Symbols Per Hop

Symbol Start Index

Deﬁnes the index the speciﬁc hop starts. Each hop must contain a unique start index.

42 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings P25 emitter parameters

Symbols Per Hop

Symbols per Ho ﬁeld

Repeat List

xxx

Symbols per Ho the entire hop pattern.

Range: 1 to 5000000.

Frequency (not available for IQ signal format)

Relative Frequency

Amplitude

When the Repeat List is enabled, the relative frequency and amplitude offset values are repeated.

p determines how many Symbols occur between each Hop. The value applies to

P25 emitter parameters

Item Description

Standard Choose the P25 standard to create.

Modulation

xxx

Radar emitter parameters

Radar e mitter advanced parameters are divided into six tabs:

Pulse Envelope (see page 43)

Modulation (see page 45)

Staggered PRI (see page 55)

Offsets (see page 59)

Hopping (see page 60)

Antenna (see page 63)

Phase 1 or Phase 2.

For Phase 1, Modulation is ﬁxedtoC4FM.

ase 2, Modulation can be set to either HCPM or HDQPSK.

For Ph

Pulse Envelope tab

Pulse Envelope parameters deﬁne the Pulse Shape, Rise Time, Pulse Width, Fall Time, and Off Time.

Environment Printable Help Document 43

Emitter advanced settings Pulse Envelope tab

NOTE. The available Pulse Envelope parameters depend on the selected pulse shape. Not all parameters are available for all pulse shapes.

Item Description Range, Default value

Repeat Count Enter the number of times to repeat the pulse. The PRI of the

pulse does not increase, but the Conﬁgured Duration for the radar emitter increases to match the PRI × Repeat Count.

Pulse Shape Select the pulse shape from the following: Rectangular,

Trapezoidal, Raised Cosine, Exponential, Saw tooth, Gaussian, and Custom

Rise Time

Fall Time

Pulse Width

Off Time (dead time) Enter the o ff tim e after the fall time.

Sampling Rate Available only when the pulse shape is Custom. Enter the

PRI

Enter the rise time for the pulse. Deﬁne the rise time between 0–100%, 10–90% or 20–80% of the voltage level.

Available only for Trapezoidal, Raised Cosine, Exponential, and Saw Tooth pulse shapes.

Enter the fall time for the pulse. Deﬁne the fall time between 0–100%, 10–90% or 20–80% of the voltage level. Available for all pulse shapes except Saw Tooth, Gaussian, and Custom.

Enter the pulse width. Deﬁne the width at 50% or 100% voltage. Available for all pulse shapes except Saw Tooth and Custom.

sampling rate at which the custom pulse has been generated in kHz, MHz, GHz, or Hz.

The Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI) value is automatically generated based on the pulse envelope parameters and is displayed as seconds. The PRI value is updated whenever the values of any of the pulse envelope parameters are changed.

Changing the PRI updates the off time without changing the other parameters of the pulse.

Trapezoidal

The range depends on the instrument and options installed.

The default values change based on the pulse shape.

44 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Modulation tab

Item Description Range, Default

PRF

Droop

Overshoot Enter the ov

Ripple

Ripple Fr

xxx

equency

The Pulse Repe is automatically generated based on the pulse envelope parameters.

ThePRFvaluei pulse envelope parameters are changed.

Enter the droop in percentage of voltage.

Available for all pulse shapes except Saw Tooth, Gaussian, and Custom.

Enter the ripple in percentage of voltage.

e for all pulse shapes except Saw Tooth, Gaussian, and

Availabl Custom.

Enter the ripple frequency in H z, kHz, MHz, or GHz.

Available for all pulse shapes except Saw Tooth, Gaussian, and Custom.

tition Frequency (PRF) is 1/PRI and the value

s updated whenever the values of any of the

ershoot in percentage of voltage.

0 to 50%, 0

Based on t and the options installed, 3MHz

value

he instrument

Create a custom pulse

Selecting Custom from the pulse Shape menu allows you to deﬁne a custom pulse shape. The custom ﬁle must meet the following conditions:

Input ﬁles are ASCII ﬁles(.txt)orMATLABﬁles (.mat).

Only positive numbers are allowed. All other characters are invalid (including tab and space). The application stops reading data when it encounters invalid data.

The maximum length of the ﬁle is 1M samples.

In ca se of an ASCII ﬁle, the data should be in ﬂoating point and the values should be arranged in a single column and several rows with one value in each row.

Thevariablenameinthe.matﬁle should be "SamplePoints". The .mat ﬁle should be saved with the v7.3 option.

Here is an example of MATLAB command for saving a ﬁle: save('SamplePulseEnvelope.mat','SamplePoints', '-v7.3');

A MATLAB ﬁle should contain a variable with ‘n’ sample points or values of the format 1 x n or n x 1. For example,

SamplePoints = [ 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.7 ….]

Modulation tab

The Modulation tab allows you to provide different modulation schemes that can be applied to the pulse width for a selected pulse.

Environment Printable Help Document 45

Emitter advanced settings Modulation tab

The available modulation schemes are shown in the following table. See the links in the following table to view detailed information about these modulation types. You can also view the Modulation Settings

(see page 46) top

ic.

NOTE. The No Modulation setting is the same as continuous modulation. No Modulation is the default setting.

Modulation category Modulation type

No modulati

Frequency

Phase

igital Modulation

Custom Modulation You can select a custom pulse shape ﬁle from a directory.

xxx

Linear fre

Chirp Sequ

Up-Down C

Piece-wise LFM

Step Frequency

User Deﬁned Step FM AM

Non Linear FM

Barker Code

Frank Code

Polyphase Codes

P1 Polyphase Codes

P2 Polyphase Codes

P3 Polyphase Codes

P4 Polyphase Codes

User Deﬁned Step P M AM

BPSK

QPSK

quency modulation (LFM)

ence

hirp

Modulation s ettings

Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM)

In LFM or Chirp Modulation, the frequency is swept linearly across the pulse width. The sweep can be Low to High (upward) or High to Low (downward). LFM is used to achieve higher bandwidths in pulse compression RADARS.

Table 1: Linear frequency modulation parameters

Selection

Sweep Range Enter the sweep range in Hz, kHz, MHz, or GHz.

Frequency Sweep Enter the frequency sweep: High to Low, or Low to High.

xxx

46 Environment Printable Help Document

Description

Range, default value

Range is dependent on the instrument, 10 MHz

Low to High

Emitter advanced settings Modulation tab

Chirp Sequence Modulation

Chirp Sequence modulation allows you to deﬁne multiple LFMs. This modulation is mainly used in automobile RADAR.

Table 2: Chirp Sequence parameters

Selection

Sweep Range Enter the sweep range in Hz, kHz, MHz, or GHz.

Description

Range, default value

Range is dependent on the instrument, 10 MHz

Frequency Sweep Enter the frequency sweep: High to Low, or Low to High.

Number of chirps Enter the number of chirps in the modulation.

xxx

Low to High

1 to 100, 4

Up-Down Chirp Modulation

Up-Down Chirp modulation varies the frequency of the carrier from –Sweep Range/2 to +SweepRange/2 and then again from +Sweep Range/2 to –Sweep Range/2.

Table 3: Up-down chirp modulation parameters

Selection

Sweep Range Enter the sweep range in Hz, kHz, MHz, or GHz.

Number of Up-Downs Enter the number of peaks (ups) and troughs (downs) in the

ert

Inv

xxx

Description

ation.

modul

If the number of Up-downs = 1, then the pulse width is divided into two. The ﬁrst half of the pulse will have l inear chirp from

ep/2 to +Sweep/2 and the second half of the pulse will

–Swe have linear chirp from +Sweep/2 to –Sweep/2.

If the number of Up-downs is greater than 1 (n>1), then the

lation shall create multiple (n) number of ‘V’s or Inverted

modu ‘V’s. T he subpulse width of each V is equal to PulseWidth/n.

Check the box to create Down-Up chirp, which creates a ‘V’ shaped frequency proﬁle.

en unchecked, an inverted ‘V’ shaped frequency proﬁle is

Wh created.

Range, default value

Range is dependent on the instrument, 10 MHz

1to12,1

hecked

Unc

Piecewise LFM Modulation

Piecewise LFM modulation allows you to deﬁne LFM for each subpulse.

Environment Printable Help Document 47

Emitter advanced settings Modulation tab

Table 4: Piecewise LFM parameters

Selection

Initial Offse

Add steps button

Description

Enter the init

Enter the num

ial offset in Hz, kHz, MHz, or G Hz .

ber of steps to add and then click the Add button.

Range, default

Range is dependent on the instrumen

1to10,1

value

t, 10 MH z

The added step(s) will appear in the table.

If there are no entries in the table and the Add button is clicked, then the dura

tion of each sub pulse = pulse width / number of

steps.

Table setti

Duration (

ngs:

Enter the d

uration of the subpulse width in s.

Cannot be g

reater than

the pulse On Time

Duration (%)

Automatic

ally calculated based on the pulse width and the

N/A

duration of the subpulse.

Sweep Range Enter the sweep range in Hz, kHz, MHz, or GHz.

Range is d

ependent on

the instrument, 10 MHz

Frequency Sweep Enter the frequency sweep: High to Low, or Low to High.

xxx

Low to Hig

Step Frequency Modulation

Step Frequency modulation allows you to divide the pulse width to equal subpulses and to assign different frequencies to each subpulse.

Table 5: Step Frequency parameters

Selection

Step Count Enter the number of steps.

Initial Offset Enter the initial offset in Hz, kHz, MHz, or GHz.

Frequency Offset Enter the frequency offset in Hz, kHz, MHz, or GHz.

Ramp Function

Ramp Duration (%)

xxx

Description

Select Linear or Cosine to set how the transition from one subpulse to another occurs.

Enter the desired ramp duration.

Range, default value

1 to 200, 4

Range is dependent on the instrument, 10 MHz

Linear

Up to 100%, 0%

User-deﬁned Step FM AM Modulation

User Deﬁned Step FM AM modulation allows you to deﬁne the number of subpulses and to set frequency offset and amplitude values for each subpulse.

Table 6: User-deﬁned Step FM AM parameters

Selection

Ramp Function

Ramp Duration

Description

Select Linear or Cosine to set how the transition from one

Range, default value

Linear

subpulse to another occurs.

Enter the desired ramp duration (%). Up to 100%, 0%

48 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Modulation tab

Selection

Add steps button

Table settin

Duration (s

Duration (%) Automatically calculated based on the pulse On Time and the

Frequency O ffset Enter the frequency offset in Hz for the subpulse.

Amplitude (dB) Enter the amplitude in dB for the subpulse.

xxx

gs:

)

Description

Enter the numb The added step(s) will appear in the table.

If there are no entries in the table and the Add button is clicked, then the durat steps.

Enter the du

duration of the subpulse.

er of steps to add and then click the Add button.

ion of each sub pulse = pulse width / number of

ration of the subpulse width in s.

Range, default

1to10,1

Cannot be gr the pulse On Time

N/A

Range is dependent on the instrument, 10 MHz

-100 dB to 0 dB, 0 dB

value

eater than

NOTE. Duration in percentage is calculated automatically up to three decimal places. This can cause rounding of the actual duration entered.

Nonlinear Frequency Modulation

Nonlinear FM can be used to deﬁne a frequency modulation that can have a nonlinear proﬁle, unlike with Linear FM.

Nonlinear FM uses the coefﬁcients to create the instantaneous frequencies for modulation. F(t) =

2*pi*C(t)*t, where C(t) is the instantaneous frequency

Instantaneous frequency C(t) can be deﬁned b y the following polynomial:

C(t) = c0+c1*t+c2*t*t +c3*t*t*t..., where c0, c1, and c2 and others are the coefﬁcients with order 0, 1, 2, and others.

Curves can be deﬁned/drawn (curve ﬁtting) with polynomials. In the following, a

and a0are the

coefﬁcients.

Y(t) = a

*xn+a

n-1

n-2

+ ....+ a

The equation is based on what the you want to ﬁt. Examples are available in Radar books for different types of nonlinear proﬁles.

Nonlinear FM proﬁles. When Nonlinear FM is the chosen Modulation, you can select from the following

three proﬁles. When one of the Taylor Weighted proﬁles is selected, a control for Bandwidth is also available. When User Deﬁned Coefﬁcients is selected, click on t he folder icon that appears to provide a ﬁle path.

Taylor Weighted Non symmetrical (default)

Taylor Weighted Symmetrical

User Deﬁned Coefﬁcients

Environment Printable Help Document 49

Emitter advanced settings Modulation tab

Taylor Weighted Nonlinear FM signals are created using the following equation:

Where

BW = bandwidth

PW = pulse on

=–0.1145

= 0.0396

= –0.0202

=0.0118

= 0.0082

055

=0.0

= –0.0040

time

User deﬁned coefﬁcients ﬁle requirements. AUserdeﬁned coefﬁcients ﬁle must meet the following

conditions:

Input ﬁles are ASCII ﬁles(.txt)orMATLAB(.mat).

aximum length of the ﬁle is 100 coefﬁcients.

The m

When ASCII ﬁle is chosen, the data should be in ﬂ oating point format and the values should be

anged in a single column and several rows with one value in each row.

arr

Thevariablenameinthe.matﬁle should be "NLFMCoefﬁcients". The .mat ﬁle should be saved

th the v7.3 option.

Here is an example of MATLAB command for saving a ﬁle: save('Coefﬁcients.mat','NLFMCoefﬁ-

ients', '-v7.3');

A MATLAB ﬁle should contain a variable with ‘n’ coefﬁcients or values of the format 1 x n or n x

. For example,

NLFMCoefﬁcients=[0.50.30.20.7….]

Barker Code

With the Barker Code (a bi-phase coded pulse), the phase is switched between 0 and 180 degrees. The number of subpulses is deﬁned by the Barker Code number. For example, Barker 11 has eleven subpulses. The Barker codes are predeﬁned.

50 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Modulation tab

Table 7: Barker code parameters

Selection

Description

Code Length Enter the leng

th of the Barker code. The options are: 2, 3, 4,

Range, default

value

5, 7, 11, and 13.

xxx

Frank Code

Frank Code is a type of Polyphase code where the pulse width is divided into subpulses and the phase of the subpulse is changed.

The phase value for each subpulse changes based on the following formula, where subpulse = Code Length * Code Length and p=0, 1, 2,…..code length–1 and q=0, 1, 2…code length–1.

Phase(p,q) = 2*pi*p*q/Code length

Table 8: Frank code parameter

Selection

Code Length Enter the length of the code.

xxx

Description

Range, default value

1to10,1

Polyphase Codes

Polyphase codes are a type of phase-coded pulse waveform.

Table 9: Polyphase codes parameters

Selection

Number of Steps Enter the number of phase entries.

Description

Range, default value

1 to 200, 4

Initial Offset Enter the initial offset in degrees. –180° to +180°, 45°

Phase Offset Enter the phase offset in degrees. –180° to +180°, 90°

Ramp Function

Select Linear or Cosine to set how the transition from one

Linear

subpulse to another occurs.

Ramp Duration

xxx

Enter the desired ramp duration (%). Up to 100%, 0%

P1 Polyphase Code

P1 Polyphase code is a type of Polyphase code.

Table 10: P1 polyphase code parameter

Selection

Code Length Enter the length of the code.

xxx

Description

Range, default value

1to10,1

The phase for each of the subpulses is derived as follows:

Phase(p,q) = –180/Codelength*(Codelength–(2*p–1))*[(p–1)*Codelength)+(q–1))]; where p=1, 2…code length and q=1, 2, …code length

Where:

Environment Printable Help Document 51

Emitter advanced settings Modulation tab

Number of subpulses = Codelength * Codelength

P2 Polyphase Code

P2 Polyphase code is a type of Polyphase code.

Table 11: P2 polyphase code parameter

Selection

Code Length Enter the length of the code.

xxx

Description

Range, default value

1to10,1

The phase for each of the subpulses is derived as follows:

Phase(p,q)=[((90/Codelength )*((Codelength –1)/ Codelength))–((180/ Codelength)*(p–1))]*[ Codelength+1–(2*q)] ; where p=1, 2 , … code length and q=1, 2, .. code length

Where:

Number of subpulses = Codelength * Codelength

P3 Polyphase Code

P3 Polyphase code is a type of Polyphase code.

Table 12: P3 polyphase code parameter

Selection

Code Length Enter the length of the code.

xxx

Description

Range, default value

1 to 100, 1

The phase for each of the subpulses is derived as follows:

Phase(p)=(180*(p–1)*(p-1))/ code length; where p=1, 2, …..Codelength

Where:

Number of subpulses = Codelength

P4 Polyphase Code

P4 Polyphase code is a type of Polyphase code.

Table 13: P4 polyphase code parameter

Selection

Code Length Enter the length of the code.

xxx

Description

The phase for each of the subpulses is derived as follows:

e(p)=[180*(p–1)2/ code length]–[180*(p–1)]

Phas

Where:

Number of subpulses = Codelength

User Deﬁned Step PM AM

Range, default value

1 to 100, 1

52 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Modulation tab

User DeﬁnedStepPMAMallowsyoutodeﬁne the number of subpulses and phase and amplitude values for each subpulse.

Table 14: User-deﬁned step PM AM parameters

Selection

Ramp Function

Ramp Duration

Add step button

Duration (s) Enter the duration of the subpulse width. Cannot be greater than

Duration (%) Automatically calculated based on the pulse On Time and the

Phase Offset (

Amplitude (d

xxx

deg)

Description

Select Linear or Cosine to set how the transition from one subpulse to anothe

Enter the desired r

Enter the number o The added step(s) will appear in the table.

If there are no entries in the table and the Add button is clicked, then the duratio steps.

duration of th

Enter the phas

Enter the amp

r occurs.

amp duration (%).

f steps to add and then click the Add button.

n of each sub pulse = pulse width / number of

e subpulse.

e offset in degrees for the subpulse.

litude in dB for the subpulse.

Range, default value

Linear

Up to 100%, 0%

1to10,1

the pulse On Time

N/A

–180° to +180°

-60dBto0dB,0dB

, 90°

NOTE. Duration in percentage is calculated automatically up to three decimal places. This can cause rounding of the actual duration entered.

BPSK and QPSK Modulation

Enter the number of symbols for the pulse. Check the option “Use same symbols for all pulses” to have the same number of symbols for all the pulses in the pulse group.

Item Description

Modulation

Number of Symbols Enter the number of symbols in the pulse.

Use same sym

Data

Pattern

All Zero

All One Sends a sequence of binary 1 symbols.

bols for all pulses

Select the data source:

Sends a sequence of binary 0 symbols.

Select BPSK or QPSK.

Range: 1 to 200

Default: 4

Check (enab This option is available only when the Repeat parameter (in the Pulse Train table for the selected Pulse Group) is greater than 1.

Default: Un

le) to use the same number of symbols for all the pulses in the modulation.

checked

Environment Printable Help Document 53

Emitter advanced settings Modulation tab

Data

PRBS Select the PRBS type from the following: 7, 9, 15, 16, 20, 21, 23, 29, 31, and User Deﬁned.

Pattern

File

Filter

Alpha

Pre/Post

xxx

Pattern

To edit the bit display the PRBS Editor

Enter a pattern of 0s and 1s up to a maximum of 80 digits in the text ﬁeld that appears.

Select the base data ﬁle to be used by entering the path or browsing to the ﬁle. The supported formats are .txt.

Select the ﬁlter from the following options: Rectangular, Raised Cosine, and Root Raised Cosine.

Specify a value for the alpha factor.

Range: 0 to 1

Default: 0

Set the bi Zeros, or Pattern.

sequence, select User Deﬁned. This displays the PRBS Editor icon

(see page 55) dialog screen.

.35

t pattern for the initial (pre) and ﬁnal (post) values of the ﬁlter. Select Wrap Around,

. Select to

Custom Modulation

Custom modulation allows you to specify a custom pulse modulation using an external ﬁle of the MATLAB format or .txt format. This ﬁle should contain Time versus Phase values in the speciﬁed format. Phase values should be in degrees.

A custom modulation ﬁle must meet the following conditions:

Input ﬁles are ASCII ﬁles(.txt)orMATLAB(.mat).

Both positive and negative numbers are allowed. All other characters are invalid (including tab and space). The application stops reading data when it encounters invalid data.

The maximum length of the ﬁle is 1M samples.

When ASCII ﬁle is chosen, the data should be in ﬂ oating point format and the values should be arranged in a single column and several rows with one value in each row.

Thevariablenameinthe.matﬁle should be "CustomPhaseProﬁle". The .mat ﬁle should be saved with the v7.3 option.

Here is an example of MATLAB command for saving a ﬁle: save('SamplePhaseProﬁle.mat','CustomPhaseProﬁle', '-v7.3');

A MATLAB ﬁle should contain a variable with ‘n’ phase points or values of the format 1 x n or n x 1. For example,

54 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings PRBS Editor

CustomPhaseProﬁle = [ 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.7 ….]

PRBS Editor

The Hopping tab and the Modulation tab both provide access to this dialog box when User Deﬁned is selected as t this dialog box.

he PRBS Pattern. Clicking on the icon that appears next to the PRBS Pattern setting opens

Staggered PRI tab

Use the Staggered PRI tab to create multiple pulse repetition intervals and deﬁne pulse-to-pulse staggering.

Environment Printable Help Document 55

Emitter advanced settings Staggered PRI tab

Follow these steps to specify multiple PRIs for a pulse group:

1. Check the Turn On box to enable and access parameter settings. Default setting is off (unchecked).

2. Set the following parameters for the selected p ulse.

Table 15: PRI/PRF parameters

Item Descriptio

Deviation Type

Ramp

File

Select fro

Select the

Default is U p.

The Ramp deviation type is:

Click the folder icon to select a ﬁle path to an ASCII ﬁle (.txt) or MATLAB (.mat)

rmat. Files must meet the conditions described in the File format conditions

ﬁle fo

(see page 58) topic below.

The File deviation type is:

m R amp, File, and Table.

Slope type (Up, Down, Up Down, Down Up).

Range, defa

Ramp

ult value

56 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Staggered PRI tab

Table 15: PRI/PRF parameters (cont.)

Item Description Range, default value

Table

Enter the PRI deviation for each pulse group in the table.

Right-click on the blank area in the table to access the menu to add and remove items in the table.

Right-click on the deviation value cell access the menu to set deviation.

Slope Type (degrees)

(Available only w hen the R amp is the selected deviation type.)

Min Deviation (ΔT)

The table deviation type is:

Enter the deviation slope in degrees or as the minimum deviation.

Slope = ΔT/PRI = tan(angle) = Peak Deviation/ (Repeat*PRI)

Peak Deviation = Repeat * ΔT

Deviation slope as the minimum deviation.

0toPRI,0s

Environment Printable Help Document 57

Emitter advanced settings Staggered PRI tab

Table 15: PRI/PRF parameters (cont.)

Item Description Range, default value

Degrees Deviation slope in degrees.

Repeat deviation pattern

(Available only when File or Table is the selected deviation type.)

xxx

When checked, the application repeats the PRI deviation values for all the pulses. When unchecked, PRI deviation values are used for only those pulses and 0 is used for the number of deviations listed in the ﬁle.

–180° to +180°, 0°

Unchecked

NOTE. If the Deviation Type is Ramp, the deviation ΔT is calculated as follows:

ΔT=(y*PRI*(i-1)), where y=tan(slope) in radians and i=1 to Repeat value

3. If you have selected Table, right-click and select Add to add a row to the table. Edit the deviation values directly in the table. The number of rows in the table is limited to the value in the Repeat pulse envelope parameter

File format conditions

A staggered PRI deviation ﬁle must meet the following conditions:

Input ﬁles are ASCII ﬁles(.txt)orMATLAB(.mat).

Both positive and negative numbers are allowed. All other characters are invalid (including tab and space). The application stops reading data when it encounters invalid data.

The maximum length of the ﬁle is 1M samples.

When ASCII ﬁle is chosen, the data should be in ﬂ oating point format and the values should be arranged in a single column and several rows with one value in each row.

Thevariablenameinthe.matﬁle should be "StaggeredPRIDeviations". The .mat ﬁle should be saved with the v7.3 option.

Here is an example of MATLAB command for saving a ﬁle: save('SamplePRIDeviations.mat','StaggeredPRIDeviations', '-v7.3');

A MATLAB ﬁle should contain a variable with ‘n’ deviations or values of the format 1 x n or n x

1. For example,

58 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Offsets tab

StaggeredPRIDeviations = [ 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.7 ….]

Offsets tab

This tab allows you to set Amplitude, Frequency, and Phase offset from pulse to pulse. Amplitude hopping can be used to create different swirling models. Frequency and Phase offsets can be used to create Frequency and Phase agile signals used in EW countermeasures.

Item Description

Turn On Check a box to activate the associated offset. You can select Amplitude Offset, Phase Offset,

and Frequency Offset.

Type

Choose Fixed, Step Offset, or User Deﬁned as the offset type.

Offset This setting is available when Fixed is the selected offset type.

Set the offset in H z (for Frequency), dB (for Amplitude), or degrees (for Phase). Default setting is 0.

Initial Offset This setting is available when Step Offset is the selected offset type.

Set the initial offset in Hz (for Frequency), dB (for Amplitude), or degrees (for phase). Default setting is 0.

Step Increment This setting is available when Step Offset is the selected offset type.

The step increments sets the offset to the pulses in the pulse group if the repeat is more than 1.

Set the step increment in Hz (for Frequency), dB (for Amplitude), or degrees (for phase). Default setting is 0.

File Path

This setting is available when User Deﬁned is the selected offset type.

Select a ﬁle to apply as frequency, phase, or amplitude offset.

Repeat Offsets Check the box to repeat offsets. Default setting is unchecked (off).

If the P ulse Group has a greater repeat count than the offsets listed in the ﬁle, then checking this option repeats the offsets in the ﬁle for the rest of the pulses.

This selection only applies when User Deﬁned is the selected offset type.

Environment Printable Help Document 59

Emitter advanced settings Hopping tab

File format conditions

A deviation ﬁle must meet the following conditions:

Input ﬁles are ASCII ﬁles(.txt)orMATLAB(.mat).

Both positive and negative numbers are allowed. All other characters are invalid (including tab and space). The application stops reading data when it encounters invalid data.

The maximum length of the ﬁle is 1M samples.

When ASCII ﬁ arranged in a single c olumn and several rows with one value in each row. The values are frequency values in Hz for Frequency Offset, in dB for Amplitude Offset, and in degrees for Phase Offset.

The .mat ﬁleshouldbesavedwiththev7.3option.Thevariablenameinthe.matﬁle should be:

"Amplitu

"FrequencyOffsets" for Frequency Offset ﬁ le.

"PhaseOffsets" for Phase Offset ﬁle.

Here is an example of MATLAB command for saving a ﬁle: save('SampleOffsets.mat','AmplitudeOffsets', '-v7.3');

A MATLAB ﬁle should contain a variable with ‘n’ sample points or values of the format 1 x n or n x 1. For example,

PhaseOffsets = [ 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.7 ….]

Hopping tab

This tab allows you to deﬁne the hopping pattern from pulse-to-pulse. You can provide frequency offset

d amplitude deviation.

le is chosen, the data should be in ﬂoating point format and the values should be

deOffsets" for Amplitude Offset ﬁle.

Frequency hopping can used to create frequency agile waveforms. Frequency is changed from one pulse

another pulse. Frequency hopping is used in electronic counter m easures by rapidly switching the

to frequency of the transmitted energy, and receiving only that frequency during the receiving time window.

mplitude hopping can be used to create different amplitudes from one pulse to another. Amplitude

A hopping can be used to create different swirling models.

60 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Hopping tab

Item Descripti

Hopping Pattern Three hopping patterns are available.

Custom: Ho

Pseudo Random List: Hops are chosen randomly (based on PRBS selection) from the Frequency Hop List.

Pseudo Ra between a minimum and maximum frequency with a minimum frequency spacing. Frequencies included in the Frequency Avoid List will be skipped.

Custom Hopping Pattern

Hop Time

Pulses

Per Hop

Select the method to deﬁne the Hop Time

Pulses entire hop list.

Range: 1 to 5000000.

Use the Frequency Hop List.

ps are based on the F requency Hop List.

ndom Range: Hops are chosen randomly (based on PRBS selection) from frequencies

Pulses P

Pulse Start Index

er Hop

per Hop determines how many Pulses occur between each Hop. The v alue applies to the

Environment Printable Help Document 61

Emitter advanced settings Hopping tab

Custom Hopping

Pulse Start In

Pseudo Random List Hopping Pattern

Hop Time

Pulses Per Hop Pulses per Hop determines how many Pulses occur between each Hop. The value applies to

Pattern

dex

Deﬁnes the ind

Use the Freque frequency.

Select the method to deﬁne the H op Time

Pulses Per Hop

the entire hop pattern.

Range: 1 to 5000000.

Use the Frequency Hop List.

ex the s peciﬁ c hop starts. Each hop must contain a unique start index.

ncy Hop List. Each index indicates the pulse that needs to hop to the speciﬁed

PRBS Pattern Select the PRBS pattern for hopping.

When User Deﬁned is selected, a settings icon appears that allows you to open the PRBS Editor to

r a pattern.

ente

You can read more about the PRBS Editor in the PRBS Editor topic (see page 55).

62 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Antenna tab

Pseudo Random Range Hopping Pattern

Hop Time

Pulses Per Hop Pulses per Hop determines how many Pulses occur between each Hop. The value applies to

Minimum Freq

Maximum Fre

Frequency Spacing Specify the minimum frequency intervals for hopping. The signal will hop avoiding the frequencies

PRBS Pattern Select the PRBS pattern for hopping.

uency

quency

Select the method to deﬁne the Hop Time

Pulses Per Hop

the entire hop

Range: 1 to 5000000.

Enter the frequency range within which to hop. Specify the start frequency for the range.

Specify the end frequency for the range.

speciﬁed in the table in this interval or at multiples of this interval.

When User enter a pattern.

pattern.

Deﬁned is selected, a settings icon appears that allows you to open the PRBS Editor to

Frequency Avoid List

xxx

Antenna tab

This tab allows you to apply Circular and Custom antenna scan types to the selected Pulse Group. The

ettings associated with each scan type are described below.

Quick links:

Antenna settings when Circular is the selected Scan Type (see page 64)

You can

Enabl

read more about the PRBS Editor in the PRBS Editor topic

e the Avoid List and the signal will avoid hopping in the frequencies speciﬁed in the table.

(see page 55).

Antenna settings when Custom is the selected Scan Type (see page 65)

Environment Printable Help Document 63

Emitter advanced settings Antenna tab

Antenna settings when Circular is the selected Scan Type

Item Description

Turn On Check box to apply antenna settings to the pulse train.

Scan Type Choose Circular or Custom scan to apply.

Scan Rate Enter the rate at which the scan takes place (degrees/second).

Scan Area Enter the scanned area (degrees).

Target Location

Horizontal

Vertical

Update Repeat for

can

Full S

Beam Type

Beam Width (3 dB)

Azimuth

evation

Show Plot Displays the antenna beam proﬁle on an Amplitude vs Time graph.

xxx

Shows the following coordinates of the target.

Enter the horizontal location of the target (degrees).

Enter the vertical location of the target (degrees).

Click to update the pulse repeat count for one full scan.

t from the following beam types:

Selec

Sin(x)/x

Gaussian

Shows the compass direction of the antenna (azimuth). You can force the azimuth by entering a

ue.

val

Range: 0° to 360°

Shows the elevation of the antenna in degrees. You can force the elevation by entering a value.

64 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings Antenna tab

Antenna s ettings when Custom is the selected Scan Type

Item Description

Turn On Check box to apply antenna settings to the pulse train.

Scan Type Choose Gaussian or Circular scan to apply to the pulse train.

Scan Rate Enter the rate at which the scan takes place (degrees/second).

Scan Area Enter the scanned area (degrees).

Custom File Allows you to apply settings using a custom antenna scan ﬁle. See the File format conditions

pic for details.

ys the antenna beam proﬁle on an Amplitude vs Time graph.

Show Pl

xxx

page 65) to

Displa

(see

File format conditions

A custom antenna scan ﬁle must meet the following conditions:

Input ﬁles are ASCII ﬁles (.txt) or MATLAB (.mat).

Both positive and negative numbers are allowed. All other characters are invalid (including tab and space). The application stops reading data when it encounters invalid data.

The maximum length of the ﬁle is 1M samples.

When ASCII ﬁle is chosen, the data should be in ﬂoating point format and the values should be arranged in a single column and several rows with one value in each row.

Thevariablenameinthe.matﬁle should be "Proﬁle". The .mat ﬁle should be saved with the v7.3 option.

Here is an example of MATLAB command for saving a ﬁle: save('Antenna.mat','Proﬁle', '-v7.3');

MATLAB ﬁle should contain a variable with ‘n’ values of the format 1 x n or n x 1. For example,

Environment Printable Help Document 65

Emitter advanced settings Tones emitter parameters

Proﬁle = [ 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.7 ….]

Tones emitter

Item Description

Single-Tone

Multi-tone

Number of Cy

When Multi

Bandwidth

Phase

Tone Spacing Sets the number of tones by deﬁning the spacing between tones. Entering a spacing

Tone C

xxx

parameters

Select to add a single-tone or multi-tone emitter signal.

cles

-tone is selected, the following parameters are available.

ount

Set the numb

Enter the b

The bandwidth is dependent on the instrument type.

Selects the method of applying the phase shift. The selections include:

value automatically creates the number of tones (Tone Count) within the set frequency range.

Selec range. Entering a tone count automatically sets the Spacing between tones.

andwidth of the carrier in Hz.

Random: The application applies a random phase shift to each of the tones.

Newman:

User Deﬁned: Select a speciﬁc phase shift in degrees to apply to each of the tones.

ts the number of tones by deﬁning the number of tones within the frequency

User Deﬁned emitter parameters

er of cycles of the frequency/resolution for the emitter signal.

The phase s hift is based on the Newman phase calculations.

The user deﬁned emitter allows you to add an existing waveform (interference signal) to the scenario.

66 Environment Printable Help Document

Emitter advanced settings WiFi emitter parameters

Item Description

Signal Format Sets the type of interference signal you are adding to the scenario, RF/IF or IQ.

If the Scenari interference signal or an IQ interference signal. If you choose to add an IQ waveform, it will be up-converted to an RF waveform during the scenario compile.

If the Scenari

o’s signal format is set to RF/IF, you can choose to add either an RF/IF

o’s signal format is set to IQ, you can only add an IQ interference signal.

NOTE. For RF/IF waveforms, the center frequency and phase offset is obtained from

the waveform ﬁle and can not be adjusted in the emitter deﬁnition table.

Interferen

xxx

ce Signal

The S ignal F

Select the W the scenario.

The waveforms must have been previously loaded into the Waveform List of the instrumen

The listed w aveforms displayed are dependent on the selected Signal Format.

ormat controls the type of waveforms you can add to the scenario.

aveform List button to display the list of available waveforms to add to

WiFi e

mitter parameters

Item Description

Standard Set the WiFi Standard to 802.11a, 802.11b, or 802.11g.

Data Rate Data Rate is dependant on the selected standard.

802.11a: 6 Mbps, 9 Mbps, 12 Mbps, 18 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 48 Mbps, 54 Mbps.

.11b: 1 Mbps-Barker_DPSK, 2 Mbps-Barker_DPSK, 5.5 Mbps-CCK_DQPSK, 5.5

802 Mbps-PBCC_BPSK, 11 Mbps-CCK_QPSK, 11 Mbps-PBCC_QPSK.

802.11g: 1 Mbps-Barker, 2 Mbps, 5.5 Mbps-CCK, 5.5 Mbps-PBCC, 11 Mbps-CCK, Mbps-PBCC, 22 Mbps-PB CC, 33 Mbps-PBCC, 6 Mbps-OFDM, 9 Mbps-OFDM, 12

11 Mbps-OFDM, 18 Mbps-OFDM, 24 Mbps-OFDM, 36 Mbps-OFDM, 48 Mbps-OFDM, 54 Mbps-OFDM.

Data Length

Select between 40 Bytes and 102 4 Bytes.

Environment Printable Help Document 67

Emitter advanced settings WiMAX emitter parameters

Item Description

Offtime Set the amount of off time to add to the end of the signal.

PLCP Format PLCP Format is dependant on the selected Standard and Data Rate.

For many combi

nat ions, the Format is ﬁxed to Standard.

Other combinations allow

802.11b: Fixed to Standard.for DPSK. For DQPSK , BPSK, and QPSK type data rates, set to Long or

Short.

For OFDM type Data Rates, set to OFDM, LDSS, or SDSS.

xxx

WiMAX emitter parameters

Item Description

Bandwidth

Modulation

Payload

Guard Interval Displays the guard/cyclic preﬁx interval. The value is ﬁxed at 1/4 (25%) of the symbol

Off Time Deﬁnes the spacing between the packets.

xxx

Select a bandwidth of 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 7 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, or 28 MHz.

Select a modulation type of BPSK, QPSK, QAM 16, or QAM 64.

Select a payload length of 4 symbols, 10 symbols, or 40 symbols.

duration.

68 Environment Printable Help Document

Licensing Licensing

Licensing

A license is required for this plug-in to become operational. The plug-in must be licensed for use with the host application from where you want to use the plug-in.

For example, to use the plug-in from SourceXpress, So urceXpress must have a license. To use the plug-in from an instrument, the instrument must have a license.

Refer to the application help (for SourceXpress, AWG70000 series instruments, or AWG5200 series instruments) for complete information about obtaining and installing license ﬁles.

Environment Printable Help Document 69

Licensing Licensing

70 Environment Printable Help Document

Index

Add emitter, 20 Add scenario Amplitude phase proﬁle, 41 Anchor, 16

emitter, 20

Anchor emitter

icon, 18 Antenna, Antenna show plot, 64 Apply corrections ﬁle, 8 Azimuth, 64

,19

Combine scenarios, 20 Compile, 6

le settings, 7

Compi Conﬁgured duration, 17 Copy scenarios, 20 Correction ﬁle, 8

frequency response, 9 Custom hopping pattern, 61

ete scenario, 20

Del Display elements, 5 Documentation, 3

Connected instrument, 3

Environment plug-in, 3

SourceXpress, 3 Duration

anchor, 16

manual, 17

scenario, 16 Duration d isplay, 12

Elements of the display, 5 Elevation, 64 Emitter duration, 17 Emitter index

menu operations, 20

Emitter list, 20 Emitter p arameters, 16

amplitude, 16 magnitude, 16 scenario du

Environment plug-in

description, 1 Environment scenarios, 15 Environment Scenarios list, 19

ration, 16

Graphical displays, 11

Help me Hopping, 42 Hopping pattern

nu, 11

custom, 61

Pseudo Random List, 62

Pseudo Random Range, 29

signal format, 6 Insert emitter, 21 IQ

compile settings, 7

signal format, 6

Key features, 2

Licensing, 69

emitters, 20

environment scenarios, 19 Modulation, 45 Modulation types available, 40

OFDM

header, 35

preamble, 34 OFDM emitter, 33 Offsets, 59 Open scena

rio, 19

Paste emitter, 21 Pattern, 39 Payload, 35 Plug-in selection, 5 PRBS editor, 40 PRBS Ed Pseudo Random List hopping

Pseudo Random Range hopping

itor, 55

pattern, 62

pattern, 63

Remove emitter, 21

ove scenario, 20

Rem Rename s cenario, 20 Reset plug-in, 11 RF

signal format, 6 RF/IF

ompile settings, 7

Scan rate, 64 Scenario

duration, 16 Scenario creation, 15 Scenario deﬁnition, 15 Scenario duration, 16 Scenario parameters, 16 Service support, 3 Set As Anchor, 20 Signalformatselection

RF/IF or IQ, 6

Environment Printable Help Document 71

Index

Spectrum display, 12 Subcarrier positions

formatting, 4

Subcarriers

settings, 38 Subcarriers spacing, 35 Support information, 3 SW version, 11

Symbols

settings, 36

Symbols per ho

p, 43

Technical support, 3

Ver s i o n

software, 11

72 Environment Printable Help Document

Tektronix Environment Primary User

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual