Related documentation.......................................................................................................................................................... 1
Requirements and restrictions............................................................................................................................................... 3
Installing the application.........................................................................................................................................................3
Version information................................................................................................................................................................ 4
Introduction to the tutorial...................................................................................................................................................... 5
Setting up the oscilloscope.................................................................................................................................................... 5
Starting the application.......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Recalling a waveform file....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Taking a measurement...........................................................................................................................................................6
About basic operations.......................................................................................................................................................... 9
DDRA user interface.......................................................................................................................................................9
File name extensions......................................................................................................................................................9
Returning to the application.......................................................................................................................................... 10
Control panel................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Saving and recalling setups................................................................................................................................................. 11
Saving a setup.............................................................................................................................................................. 11
Recalling a saved setup................................................................................................................................................11
Recalling the default setup............................................................................................................................................11
Search and mark..................................................................................................................................................................11
Setting up DDR for analysis.................................................................................................................................................14
About DDR analysis......................................................................................................................................................14
Step 1: Generation rate and levels............................................................................................................................... 15
Step3: Measurements and sources.............................................................................................................................. 19
Switching between the DDRA and DPOJET applications.............................................................................................53
Salient features of MSO-DDRA integration...................................................................................................................54
Measurement range limits....................................................................................................................................................92
Dynamic limits for each generation......................................................................................................................................94
Dynamic limits for DDR measurements........................................................................................................................94
Dynamic limits for DDR2 measurements......................................................................................................................95
Dynamic limits for DDR3 measurements......................................................................................................................96
Dynamic limits for DDR4 measurements......................................................................................................................97
Dynamic limits for DDR3L measurements....................................................................................................................98
Dynamic limits for LPDDR measurements..................................................................................................................100
Dynamic limits for LPDDR2 measurements................................................................................................................100
Dynamic limits for LPDDR3 measurements................................................................................................................102
Dynamic limits for LPDDR4 and LPDDR4X measurements.......................................................................................103
Using digital channels........................................................................................................................................................ 115
Error codes and warnings.................................................................................................................................................. 120
About parameters.............................................................................................................................................................. 126
Step 1: Generation rate and levels parameters................................................................................................................. 126
About algorithms................................................................................................................................................................ 131
Fall Slew Rate Measurements........................................................................................................................................... 143
Data Eye Width.................................................................................................................................................................. 147
Data Eye Height.................................................................................................................................................................147
Overshoot Area Measurements......................................................................................................................................... 151
AbsMax Overshoot Area Measurements........................................................................................................................... 153
Undershoot Area Measurements....................................................................................................................................... 154
AbsMax Undershoot Area Measurements......................................................................................................................... 156
SSC Mod Freq(CK)............................................................................................................................................................173
SSC Mod Freq(WCK)........................................................................................................................................................ 174
Digital Measurements (Command to Command)...............................................................................................................174
Digital Measurements (Burst to Command).......................................................................................................................176
Digital Measurements (Others).......................................................................................................................................... 177
About the GPIB program....................................................................................................................................................179
General commands............................................................................................................................................................179
DDRA:GENERATEReport (No Query Form).............................................................................................................. 179
DDRA:ACTIVATE (No Query Form)........................................................................................................................... 180
Measurement and Sources commands............................................................................................................................. 181
DDRA:ADDMeas (No Query Form)............................................................................................................................ 183
DDRA:ADDMEASGroup (No Query Form).................................................................................................................193
DDRA:CLEARMeas (No Query Form)........................................................................................................................193
DDRA:APPLYBurstconfig (No Query Form)............................................................................................................... 207
Threshold and Scaling commands.....................................................................................................................................217
DDRA:CLEARFILTERfile (No Query Form)................................................................................................................220
Generation Rate and Levels commands............................................................................................................................220
DDR (Dual Data Rate) is a dominant and fast-growing memory technology. It offers the high data transfer rates needed for
virtually all computing applications, from consumer products to the most powerful servers. The high speeds of these signals
require high performance measurement tools.
The DDRA application includes compliance measurements as part of the Tektronix DDR Analysis solution. The DDR
Analysis solution enables you to achieve new levels of productivity, efficiency, and measurement reliability. It requires the
Jitter and Eye Diagram Analysis tool (Opt. DJA) and the Advanced Search and Mark capability (Opt. ASM).
Some of the DDRA features are:
•Provides debug, analysis, and compliance in one solution for multiple DDR standards such as DDR, DDR2, DDR3,
•Enables analysis of compliance measurements either through the DDRA or DPOJET application for all bursts in an
•Differentiates data reads from writes or analyzes signal integrity on the clock or on a data (DQ) line during Read or Write
•Includes limit files to test measurement pass/fail status per standard, speed grades and speed bins. Supports non-
•Provides both single-ended and differential measurements on Data, Strobe, Clock, Address and Command signals.
•Includes comprehensive measurement statistics.
•Includes sophisticated graphical analysis tools such as Histograms, Time Trends, Spectrums, Bathtub Plots, and Real-
•Automatically applies signal slew rate derating of measurement limits for Address/Command and data signals.
•Dynamically normalizes limits for clock measurements such as tERR based on the measured tCK(avg).
•Logic state configuration using the DDRA user interface.
Welcome
DDR3L, DDR4, LPDDR, LPDDR2, LPDDR3, LPDDR4, LPDDR4X, GDDR3, and GDDR5.
acquisition.
cycles, or measures Data to Strobe setup and hold during Write cycles.
standard speed grades.
Time Eye® diagrams with superimposition of the strobe eye with the data eye.
information, limits information, waveform path location, plots, and user comments, if any.
DDR
DDR is the DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) technology responsible for increasing data transfer rates to meet
high-speed requirements and data capacity of computer systems.
DDR2
DDR2 is the Double Data Rate 2 SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) and is widely available in
products with data rates up to 1066 MT/s.
DDR3
DDR3 DRAM memory is widely available in products and extends data rates to 1600 MT/s and faster rates to come.
DDR3L (Low voltage) DRAM memory is widely available in products and extends data rates to 1600 MT/s and faster rates
to come.
DDR4
DDR4 DRAM memory is widely available in products and extends data rates to 3200 MT/s and faster rates to come.
LPDDR
LPDDR (Low Power DDR) is a technology for mobile phones and portable computing devices, driven by the need for faster
operation with long battery life.
LPDDR2
LPDDR2 (Low Power DDR2) is a technology for mobile phones and portable computing devices as it supports advanced
power management. It includes a reduced interface voltage of 1.2 V from the 1.8 V specification as compared to LPDDR
memory technology. This results in a power consumption reduced by over 50%.
LPDDR3
LPDDR3 (Low Power DDR3) is a technology for mobile phones and portable computing devices as it supports advanced
power management. It includes a reduced interface voltage of 1.2 V from the 1.8 V specification as compared to LPDDR
memory technology. This results in a power consumption reduced by over 50%.
LPDDR4
LPDDR4 (Low Power DDR4) is an emerging technology for mobile phones and portable computing devices as it supports
advanced power management. It includes a reduced interface voltage of 1.1 V from the 1.8 V specification as compared to
LPDDR memory technology.
LPDDR4X
LPDDR4X (Low Power DDR4X) is an extension to the LPDDR4 standard. It is identical to LPDDR4, except that additional
power is saved by reducing the I/O voltage (Vddq) to 0.6 V rather than 1.1 V.
GDDR3
GDDR3 (Graphic DDR3) offers faster access and is used in graphics-intensive applications such as video cards and gaming
systems.
GDDR5
GDDR5 (Graphic DDR5) is a type of high performance dynamic random-access graphics card memory designed for
applications requiring high bandwidth.
Tektronix manuals and softwares are available at: www.tektronix.com/manuals and www.tektronix.com/software. Use the
following table to determine the document that you need:
Table 1: List of reference documents
For information onRefer to
•Operating the oscilloscopeRefer to the documentation for your oscilloscope.
Introduction
•Software warranty
•List of available applications
•Compatible oscilloscopes
•Relevant software and firmware version numbers
•Applying a new option key label
•Installing an application
•Enabling an application
•Downloading updates from the Tektronix Web site
Conventions
This online help uses the following conventions:
•When steps require a sequence of selections using the application interface, the > delimiter marks each transition
•The terms DDR application and application refer to DDRA.
•The term DPOJET application or DPOJET refers to the Jitter and Eye Diagram Analysis Tool.
•The term oscilloscope refers to any product on which this application runs.
•The term DUT is an abbreviation for Device Under Test.
For details, refer to Optional Applications Software onWindows-Based Oscilloscopes Installation Manual.
between a menu and an option. For example, Analyze> DDR Analysis.
•User interface screen graphics are taken from a DPO7000 series oscilloscope.
Technical support
Tektronix welcomes your comments about products and services. Contact Tektronix through e-mail, telephone, or the Web
site. Click www.tektronix.com/manuals for more information. Tektronix also welcomes your feedback. Click Customer
feedback for suggestions for providing feedback to Tektronix.
Customer feedback
Tektronix values your feedback on our products. To help us serve you better, please send us your suggestions, ideas, or
other comments you may have regarding the application or oscilloscope.
Or FAX at (503) 627-5695, and include the following information:
General Information
•Oscilloscope series (for example: DPO7000C or DSA/DPO/MSO70000C/D/DX series) and hardware options, if any
•Software version number
•Probes used
Application-specific Information
•Description of the problem such that technical support can duplicate the problem
•If possible, save the oscilloscope and application setup files as .set and associated .xml files.
•If possible, save the waveform on which you are performing the measurement as a .wfm file.
Once you have gathered this information, you can contact technical support by phone or through e-mail. In the subject field,
please indicate DDRA Problem and attach the .set, .xml and .wfm files to your e-mail. If there is any query related to
the actual measurement results, then you can generate a .mht report and send it. If you need to send very large files,
technical support can assist you to transfer the files through ftp.
The following items are important, but optional:
•Your name
•Your company
•Your mailing address
•Your phone number
•Your FAX number
Enter your suggestion. Please be as specific as possible.
Please indicate if you would like to be contacted by Tektronix regarding your suggestion or comments.
This tutorial shows how to set up the application, take measurements, and view results as plots or statistics.
Before you begin the tutorial, perform the following tasks:
•Set up the oscilloscope.
•Start the application.
•Recall the tutorial waveform.
Setting up the oscilloscope
The steps to set up the oscilloscope are:
•Click File > Recall Default Setup in the oscilloscope menu bar to recall the default settings.
•Press the individual CH1, CH2, CH3, and CH4 buttons as needed to add or remove active waveforms from the display.
Starting the application
Tutorial
On the oscilloscope menu bar, click Analyze > DDR Analysis to open the application.
Waveform files
The DDRA application provides the following waveforms at C:\Users\Public\Tektronix
\TekApplications\DDRA\Waveforms\DDR2 for oscilloscopes running the Windows10 operating system:
•DDR2_800_DQS_Write.wfm
•DDR2_800_DQ_Write.wfm
•DDR2_800_CLK.wfm
Note: These waveforms have to be used only for Write bursts and CLK.
Recalling a waveform file
To recall a waveform file, follow these steps:
1. Click File > Recall in the oscilloscope menu bar to display the Recall dialog box.
2. Click Waveform icon in the left of the Recall dialog box.
3. Select Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, or Ref4 as the Destination option.
4. Browse to select the waveform. Use the keypad to edit the waveform file name.
5. Click Recall.
The oscilloscope recalls and activates the Reference Waveform control window.
6. Click On to display the waveform.
7. Click to return to the application. Alternatively, DDRA can also be accessed from Analyze > DDR Analysis.
The selected data rate, generation, and measurement type are reflected in ASM (Advanced Search and Mark) on
selection in DDRA. Marks are available only for Read and Write bursts measurement type. Configure Search using
Analyze > Search > Configure. The identified bursts are shown as small inverted marks ( ) in the oscilloscope
display area. Each pair of marks specifies the start and stop of a burst. You can traverse from one mark to the other
using the Mark Control window. For more details, refer to Oscilloscope help.
Note: Logic state+ DQ/DQS Phase Alignment is available only for the MSO series of oscilloscopes.
7. At Step 5, configure the burst detection settings based on the selected burst detection method as shown.
8. At Step 6, retain the settings as shown.
9. Click Single to run the application.
When complete, the result statistics with limits are shown under the Results tab.
Following are the description of DDRA user interface:
Operating basics
•Use the Single button
button again before process is completed will interrupt the processing cycle.
•Use the Run button to continuously acquire and accumulate measurements.
If prior measurements have been acquired and have not been cleared, the new measurements are added to the existing
set. Push the button again to interrupt the current acquisition.
•Use the Recalc button to perform measurements on the waveform currently displayed on the oscilloscope
without performing a new acquisition.
This is useful to modify a configuration parameter and re-run the measurements on the current waveform.
•Use the Clear button to clear all existing measurement results.
Note: Adding or deleting a measurement, or changing a configuration parameter of an existing measurement,
will also cause measurements to be cleared. This is to prevent the accumulation of measurement statistics or
sets of statistics that are not coherent.
Basic oscilloscope functions
Application directories
During DDRA application installation, various folders are created as described in the following table.
An ASCII file containing Comma Separated Values. This file format may be read by any
ascii text editor (such as Notepad) or may be imported into spreadsheets such as Excel.
File ExtensionDescription
Operating basics
.xml
.set
.mht
.wfm
.tsf
Returning to the application
When you access oscilloscope functions, the DDRA control windows may be replaced by the oscilloscope control windows
or by the oscilloscope graticule. You can access oscilloscope functions in the following ways:
•From the menu bar on the oscilloscope, choose Analyze > DDR Analysis.
•Alternatively, you can switch between recently used control panels using the forward or back arrows on the
right corner of the control panel.
Control panel
The Control panel appears on the right side of the application window. Using this panel, you can start or stop the sequence
of processes for the application and the oscilloscope to acquire information from the waveform. The controls are Clear,
Recall, Single, and Run. The following table describes each of these controls:
An ASCII file containing measurement setup information, limits or other data in Extensible
Markup Language.
A binary file containing oscilloscope setup information in a proprietary format.
An HTML archive file, compatible with common Windows applications; contains the full
report, including text and graphics.
A binary file containing an oscilloscope waveform record in a recallable, proprietary format.
A symbol file containing various symbols for various logic trigger patterns.
ItemDescription
ClearClears the current result display and resets any statistical results and autoset reference
levels. For any input sources that have reference level autoset enabled, this control clears
the current reference levels so that they will be recalculated during the next acquisition.
RecallRuns the selected measurements on the currently displayed waveform(s), without first
performing a new acquisition.
SingleInitiates a single new acquisition and runs the selected measurements.
RunInitiates new acquisitions and runs the selected measurements repeatedly until Stop is
selected. For any non-live sources (Reference waveforms or Math waveforms not
dependent on a live channel), only a single processing cycle will occur.
Show PlotsDisplays the Plot summary window when selected. This button appears in the control panel
only when one or more plots have been defined.
Advanced Setup DPOJETTransitions to the Jitter and Eye Diagram Analysis application when selected, importing all
currently defined DDRA measurements. This button appears in the control panel when you
open the DDR analysis application. This is useful to add additional measurements not
defined in DDRA, or to change measurement configurations to intentionally deviate from
those recommended by DDRA.
The DDRA application state is automatically saved along with the oscilloscope state. To save the oscilloscope settings and
the application state, do the follow steps:
1. Click File > Save As > Setup.
2. In the file browser, select the directory to save the setup file.
3. Select or enter a file name.
The application appends *_DDRA.xml and *_DPOJET.xml to store the DDR setup, and *.set to store the
oscilloscope settings.
4. Click Save.
Note: After the oscilloscope application is started, DDRA needs to be launched at least once before any saved
DDRA configuration can be recalled.
Recalling a saved setup
To recall a previously saved set of application and oscilloscope settings, do the following steps:
Note: While recalling setup files with both DDRA and DPOJET saved settings, DDRA setup values get a higher
precedence over DPOJET setup values. For example, select a DPOJET measurement and a DDRA measurement,
change the ref levels of DPOJET measurement, and save the setup file. On recalling the setup file, you will see
that the DPOJET reference level settings are overwritten by the DDRA measurement ref levels.
Operating basics
1. Click File > Recall.
2. Click Setup in the left column if it is not already selected.
3. Select the directory in the file browser to recall the setup file.
4. Select a .set file and click Recall.
Note: If DDRA has been launched at least once since the oscilloscope application was started, only .set files can
be selected. Also, any corresponding *_DDRA.xml and *_DPOJET.xml files in the same directory will be recalled as
well but the DDRA configuration will be ignored.
Recalling the default setup
To recall the default application and oscilloscope settings, click File > Recall Default Setup.
Note: Recalling the default setup sets the DDRA application to DDR3 generation and the data rate to None.
Search and mark
The data rate, generation, and measurement type selected in DDRA are also set in Advanced Search and Mark (ASM).
Marks are available only for the Read and Write bursts measurement types. You can configure Search using Analyze >Search > Configure. The identified bursts are shown as small inverted marks ( ) in the oscilloscope display area. Each
pair of marks specifies the start and stop of a burst. You can move from one mark to the other using the Mark Control
window.
Note: LPDDR4/LPDDR4X burst cannot be configured from ASM window.
A limits file allows you to configure the limits used to determine the Pass or Fail status for tests. Each limits file includes a
list of one or more measurements, and the ranges of acceptable values for any or all statistics for each measurement. The
measurement include combinations of all measurements and statistical characteristics, and an appropriate range of values
for each combination.
The application provides preconfigured limits files for many combinations of standards and speed grades. You can create a
limit file by specifying limits for any of the result parameters such as Mean, Std Dev, Max, Min, peak-to-peak, population,
MaxPosDelta, and MinPosDelta. For each of these result parameters, you can specify the Upper Limit Equality (UL), and
the Lower Limit Equality (LL). The measurement names in the limits file must be entered as mentioned in About DDR
Analysis.
To include pass/fail status in the result statistics, you can create a custom limits file in the following format using an XML
editor or any other editor. If the file is created in any other editor such as Notepad, it should be saved in Unicode format.
The following is a sample of the limit file for DDR2 generation, the data rate being 667 MHz -
You can find limit files for various data rates of different DDR standards and speed bins at C:\Users\Public\Tektronix\TekApplications\DDRA\Limits.
Dynamic limits
The application supports both static (predefined, using limits file) and dynamic limits.
The concept of dynamic limits is explained taking an example of a measurement, tCH(avg):
•If the dynamic limits of a measurement depend on the result of other measurement(s) that have not yet been calculated,
the limit field in the Results panel shows Derived... A tool tip displays the message:
This limit is calculated based on measurement tCK(avg).
•On clicking Run/Single, the results are shown in the following figure.
•If there is an error in calculating dynamic limits or if the limits are not defined by the specification, the limit text field
displayed NA. A tool tip displays the message:
This limit is calculated based on measurement tCK(avg).
1. The limits for measurement is not defined in the JEDEC specification.
2. The limits for measurement cannot be computed due to unavailability of dependent measurement results.
References
Dynamic Limits for DDR Measurements
Dynamic Limits for DDR2 Measurements
Dynamic Limits for DDR3 Measurements
Dynamic Limits for DDR3L Measurements
Dynamic Limits for DDR4 Measurements
Dynamic Limits for LPDDR Measurements
Dynamic Limits for LPDDR2 Measurements
Dynamic Limits for LPDDR4 Measurements
Dynamic Limits for LPDDR4X Measurements
Operating basics
Setting up DDR for analysis
About DDR analysis
The DDR Analysis window allows you to select various standards and to set up and run a pre-configured measurement
either through the DDRA or the DPOJET application.
Select Analyze > DDR Analysis to open the DDRA application.
The Setup panel in DDR Analysis application includes the following steps: