User Manual
Basic Operations of Microprocessor Support Packages
R
on a DAS
or TLA 500 Series Logic Analyzer
070-9365-02
Copyright E Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its suppliers and are
protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions.
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the
Rights in T echnical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013, or subparagraphs (c)(1) and (2) of the
Commercial Computer Software – Restricted Rights clause at F AR 52.227-19, as applicable.
T ektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supercedes
that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved.
Printed in the U.S.A.
T ektronix, Inc., P.O. Box 1000, Wilsonville, OR 97070–1000
R
DAS
TEKTRONIX, TEK, and DAS are registered trademarks of T ektronix, Inc.
NT and DASR XP are trademarks of
Tektronix, Inc.
Table of Contents
Getting Started
General Safety Summary v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preface: DAS or TLA 500 Series Documentation vi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
About This Manual Set vi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manual Conventions vii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contacting T ektronix viii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Support Package Description 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accessories 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Options 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specifications 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logic Analyzer Configuration 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Requirements and Restrictions 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configuring the Logic Analyzer 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
96-Channel Module 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
192- or 288-Channel Variable-Width Module 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slot Number Labels 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing the Software 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disk Drive Upgrade 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loading the Software 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configuring a Probe Adapter 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecting a192-Channel High-Density Probe to a Probe Adapter 10. . . . . . . . . .
Operating Basics
Application Setup 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Channel Group Definitions 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changes that Affect Disassembly 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Custom Clocking 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Symbols 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Triggering 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Display Menus 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disassembly Menu 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Display Formats 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mark Cycle 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disassembly Format Definition Overlay 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exception Vectors 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Symbolic Display of Channel Groups 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disassembly Search Definition Overlay 21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Search T ype 22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Search Mode 23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radices 24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison T ypes 25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mnemonic T ype 28. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Load the Search Values from the Cursor 29. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Timing Menu 31. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State Menu 32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Table of Contents
Split Screen Display 33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting Up the Software 34. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clocking Mode 34. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copying and Editing the Predefined Symbol T ables 34. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Triggering 35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquiring and Viewing Disassembled Data 36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquiring Data 36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Viewing Disassembled Data 36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scrolling Through Data 37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking Cycles 37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Removing Marks 38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Searching Through Data 38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Splitting the Display 38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing Data 39. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Viewing the Demonstration Reference Memory 39. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Purpose Analysis 40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clocking 40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Custom Clocking 41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Internal Clocking 41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
External Clocking 41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Triggering 42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquiring Data 42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Viewing Data 42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Timing Menu 42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State Menu 43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Searching Through Data 43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing Data 43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendices
Appendix A: Error Messages and Disassembly Problems A–1. . . . . . . . .
Module Error Messages A–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slow Clock A–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waiting for Stop A–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waiting for Stop-Store A–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waiting for Trigger A–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disassembly Problems A–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Incorrect Data A–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Suggestions A–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix B: Maintenance B–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Care and Maintenance B–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disconnecting High-Density Cables B–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disconnecting Probes B–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Replacing Probe Podlets B–5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Removing Probe Podlets from the Interface Housing B–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Replacing a Clock Probe B–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Removing Probe Podlets from the Podlet Holder B–7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Replacing Channel Probe Podlets B–7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Replacing Protective Sockets B–9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PGA Protective Sockets B–9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIP Protective Sockets B–11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Glossary
Index
List of Figures
Table of Contents
ZIF Protective Sockets B–12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Replacing the Fuse B–13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–1: DAS connected to a typical probe adapter 3. . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–2: DAS connected to a probe adapter
with a high-density probe 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–3: Vertical dimension of acquisition probes connected to a probe
adapter 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–4: Sys Config menu with a variable-width module defined 7
Figure 1–5: Applying slot number labels 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–6: Connecting acquisition probes to a high-density probe 11.
Figure 1–7: Hardware display 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–8: Disassembly Format Definition overlay 18. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–9: Address channel group displayed symbolically 21. . . . . . . .
Figure 1–10: Interaction of acquisition and disassembly searches with Both
selected 23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–11: Disassembly Search Definition overlay with Both as the search
type 29. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–12: Text search in the Mnemonic group 31. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–13: Timing data using the P54C_96
Timing Format Definition file 32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure B–1: Disconnecting cables from a high-density probe B–3. . . . . . .
Figure B–2: Disconnecting clock and channel probes B–5. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure B–3: Removing a probe podlet from the interface housing B–6. . .
Figure B–4: Ganging together channel probe podlets B–7. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure B–5: Removing a PGA protective socket B–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure B–6: Removing a DIP protective socket B–11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure B–7: Removing a ZIF protective socket B–12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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List of Tables
Table of Contents
Table 1–1: Search variables available by group type 22. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 1–2: Special characters available in a Text search 26. . . . . . . . . .
Table 1–3: Mnemonic type search selections, display mode, and resulting
search action 28. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table B–1: Podlet-to-channel color code B–8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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General Safety Summary
The support product instruction manual contains the General Safety Summary for
your support product probe adapter.
Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures.
Basic Operations on a DAS or TLA 500 Series Logic Analyzer User Manual
Online Version
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Preface: DAS or TLA 500 Series Documentation
The DAS (Digital Analysis System) documentation package provides the
information necessary to install, operate, maintain, and service the DAS NT,
DAS XP, and TLA 500 Series Logic Analyzers. The documentation consists of
the following manuals:
H
The DAS System User Manual or TLA 500 Series Logic Analyzer User
Manual, the main reference manuals for the DAS or TLA 500 systems, that
provides an overview of the operating system, basic installation information,
a tutorial for new users, and information for system-level menus.
H
A series of other module user manuals that provide detailed information on
the data acquisition modules, and pattern generation modules available for
use with the logic analyzers. Consult the individual manuals for information
on the Setup and Display menus for each module.
H
An LA-OffLine User Manual that describes how to transfer, display, and
analyze data (acquired on a DAS logic analyzer) from a personal computer or
a workstation.
H
A series of bus, microprocessor, microcontroller, data communications, and
digital signal processor support product instruction manuals that describe the
various support products available with the DAS or TLA 500 systems.
About This Manual Set
H
A technician’s reference manual that provides service information for
qualified service technician to isolate problems to the module level.
H
A series of software user manuals that accompany the various software
support products.
This user manual is part of a two-manual set for operating various support
products, such as for microprocessors, buses, microcontrollers, and digital signal
processors, on a DAS or TLA 500 logic analyzer. If you are not familiar with
operating support products on the DAS or TLA 500, you may need to use this
manual with the instruction manual specific to your product to operate that
product.
An instruction manual is included with each support product. That manual
contains specific information about the support product. If you are already
familiar with operating various support products on a DAS or TLA 500, you
probably only need to use the instruction manual to operate your product.
Basic Operations on a DAS or TLA 500 Series Logic Analyzer User Manual
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Preface: DAS or TLA 500 Series Documentation
The two manuals contain references to each other. You can find references to
specific topics in the Table of Contents (such as Requirements and Restrictions)
or, in the Index if the topic does not appear in the Table of Contents.
This manual is based on the assumption that you are familiar with how to operate
the system software for the DAS, and TLA 500 Series logic analyzers, and the
92A96 application. Therefore, details about the system software, the 92A96
application, and how to move through the menu structures are not provided. An
overview of some of those functions is provided so that you do not need to
consult another manual.
This manual provides detailed information on how to do the following tasks:
H
Install and load a support application
H
Set up the logic analyzer to acquire data from the system under test
H
Acquire and view data
H
Use a support product for general purpose analysis
Manual Conventions
H
Maintain the probe adapter
This manual uses the following conventions:
H
The term disassembler refers to the application that disassembles bus cyles
into instruction mnemonics and cycle types.
H
The term SUT (system under test) refers to the microprocessor-based system
from which data is being acquired.
H
The term DAS or TLA 500 refers to the DAS/NT, DAS/XP, and 92XTerm
system and modules, and to the TLA 510 and TLA 520 systems unless
otherwise noted; a Tektronix Logic Analyzer (TLA) operates identically to a
DAS.
H
The term 92A96 refers to all versions of the 92A96, 92C96, and subsequent
DAS or TLA 500 modules unless otherwise noted.
H
The term acquisition probe refers to clock and channel acquisition probes.
H
The name of the microprocessor from which you intend to acquire data
appears in fields and file names you need to select to operate the support
product. In this manual, the term P54C is used as an example. All menu and
data displays in this manual are from the P54C demonstration reference
memory file.
H
A tilde (~), a pound sign (#), or an asterisk (*) following a signal name are
symbols that can be used to indicate an active low signal. The support
product instruction manual tells you which symbol that prodcut uses.
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Contacting Tektronix
Preface: DAS or TLA 500 Series Documentation
Product
Support
Service
Support
For other
information
To write us Tektronix, Inc.
For application-oriented questions about a Tektronix measurement product, call toll free in North America:
1-800-TEK-WIDE (1-800-835-9433 ext. 2400)
6:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. Pacific time
Or, contact us by e-mail:
tm_app_supp@tek.com
For product support outside of North America, contact your
local Tektronix distributor or sales office.
Contact your local Tektronix distributor or sales office. Or, visit
our web site for a listing of worldwide service locations.
http://www.tek.com
In North America:
1-800-TEK-WIDE (1-800-835-9433)
An operator will direct your call.
P.O. Box 1000
Wilsonville, OR 97070-1000
Basic Operations on a DAS or TLA 500 Series Logic Analyzer User Manual
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Getting Started
This chapter provides basic information on the following topics:
H
Various support packages for microprocessors, buses, microcontrollers, and
digital signal processors
H
DAS or TLA 500 configuration
H
General microprocessor-based system requirements
H
How to install and load the support software
H
How to connect clock and channel probes to the High-Density 192-Channel
Probe, if the probe adapter requires one
Remember that the information in this chapter is general to the operations and
functions of microprocessor support packages on a DAS or TLA 500 logic
analyzer. Any differences in operation or function of a specific support will be
detailed in the 92DM support instruction manual.
General Support Package Description
Support packages consist of software on a floppy disk, an optional probe adapter,
this manual, and a support-specific instruction manual. The software includes
setup files, at least one demonstration reference memory, symbol tables
disassembler program.
Information on how to select and install LA-OffLine microprocessor support
software on a personal computer or workstation is included in your LA-OffLine
User Manual.
A demonstration reference memory is provided so you can see an example of
disassembled instruction mnemonics and bus cycle types. The reference memory
is automatically installed on the DAS or TLA 500 when you install the software.
Directions for viewing this file are on page 39.
To use a 92DM support product efficiently, you need to have the following:
H
Knowledge of your DAS or TLA 500 configuration and its operation
H
Knowledge of your system with which you are using this support package
H
This manual
H
The 92DM support instruction manual
, and a
Basic Operations on a DAS or TLA 500 Series Logic Analyzer User Manual
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Accessories
Getting Started
H
The TLA 500 Series Logic Analyzer User Manual or DAS System User
Manual, Tektronix, Inc.
H
The 92A96 & 92C96 Acquisition Module User Manual, Tektronix, Inc., or
any other appropriate acquisition module
H
The LA-OffLine User Manual, Tektronix, Inc. (if you want to display and
disassemble acquired data on your personal computer or workstation using
LA-OffLine)
H
LA-LINK (if you want to download symbols from your high-level develop-
ment system)
The Replaceable Parts List chapter in the 92DM support instruction manual
contains information on accessories available for your support package, if any.
Options
The Replaceable Parts List chapter in the 92DM support instruction manual
contains information on Options available for your support, if any, and how to
order them.
Specifications
The 92DM support instruction manual contains the electrical, environmental,
mechanical, and channel assignment specifications for your support package.
Logic Analyzer Configuration
92DM support packages require that your DAS be equipped with one, two, or
three modules and four, eight or twelve standard acquisition probes. The TLA
500 allows a two module maximum.
Figure 1–1 shows an overview of a DAS with one acquisition module connected
to a typical probe adapter.
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Getting Started
DAS
92A96 probe
cables
To 92A96 cards
Clock probe
Probe adapter
Figure 1–1: DAS connected to a typical probe adapter
92A96 interface
housing
8-channel probe
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Getting Started
Figure 1–2 shows an overview of a DAS with one acquisition module connected
to a low-profile probe adapter and a high-density probe.
DAS
92A96 probe
cables
To 92A96 cards
8-channel probe
92A96 interface
housing
Low- profile
probe adapter
Figure 1–2: DAS connected to a probe adapter with a high-density probe
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Clock probe
High-Density probe
4
Requirements and Restrictions
You should review the following topics in your 92DM support instruction manual
as they pertain to your SUT:
H
Electrical, environmental, mechanical, and channel assignment specifications
in the Specifications chapter
H
Requirements and restrictions in the Getting Started chapter
You should also review the following descriptions of general requirements and
restrictions of supports.
Probe Adapter Clearance. Your SUT must have a minimum amount of clear space
surrounding the microprocessor to accommodate the probe adapter. The support
instruction manual contains the dimensions of the probe adapter.
Acquisition Probe Clearance. Figure 1–3 shows the vertical dimension of an
acquisition probe connected to a probe adapter.
Getting Started
43 mm
(1.70 in)
Figure 1–3: Vertical dimension of acquisition probes connected to a probe adapter
Probe Adapter Loading. Any electrical connection to your system adds an
additional AC and DC load. Each probe adapter is carefully designed to add a
minimum load to your system. However, this additional load might affect the
operation of the microprocessor in systems with extremely tight timing margins.
The Specifications chapter in the support instruction manual contains complete
specifications on how the probe adapter affects your system, if at all.
SUT and Probe Adapter Cooling. You must be sure to retain the original level of
cooling for your microprocessor-based system after you install a probe adapter.
To maintain the required operating temperature, you might need to provide
additional cooling for the system and probe adapter.
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Configuring the Logic Analyzer
There are two types of configurations for 92A96 modules: a single module (96
channels) or a variable-width module (192 or 288 channels).
Most support packages require only one type of configuration. However, some
could require two single modules, or a mixture of a single and variable-width
modules.
Getting Started
96-Channel Module
192- or 288-Channel
Variable-Width Module
When there are two or three 96-channel modules in adjacent slots, they are
automatically formed into a variable-width module by the DAS or TLA 500
system software at power up.
If the support package requires just one module from a variable-width module,
you must reconfigure the DAS or TLA 500 in the System Configuration
(Sys Config) menu prior to selecting the support in the Configuration menu.
Refer to the discussion of the System Configuration menu in the system user
manual for details on how to reconfigure variable-width modules.
Refer also to your acquisition module user manual for additional information
about connecting acquisition module probe cables, and positioning and installing
modules in the DAS or TLA 500 logic analyzer.
To acquire data from some microprocessors, two or three modules might be
required. In most cases, the modules need to be configured into a variable-width
module, either 192 or 288 channels wide.
When using a variable-width module, all modules must be positioned in adjacent
DAS or TLA 500 slots in a single mainframe. You cannot use slots 1 or 8 when
creating a variable-width module. The modules do not need to have the same
memory depth.
Check the System Configuration menu to see if the module is defined correctly.
Figure 1–4 shows how the Sys Config menu looks when two modules are
combined into one variable-width module.
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Getting Started
When two modules are combined, the module in the higher-numbered slot is
referred to as the HI module; the module in the lower-numbered slot is referred
to as the LO module. Probe connections on the probe adapter board are labeled to
identify which module and which channel probe connects to them. For example,
HI_A0 indicates the A0 probe section from the HI module.
Clock pins on the probe adapter do not have the HI/LO designation; they are just
labeled CK0, CK1, CK2, and CK3. Each pair of clock pins connect to the same
signal on the probe adapter. The clock probes from both modules must connect to
the appropriate clock pins for Custom clocking to function properly.
Slot Number Labels
Figure 1–4: Sys Config menu with a variable-width module defined
Refer to your module user manual for information about variable-width modules,
and for additional information about connecting acquisition module probe cables,
and positioning and installing modules in the DAS or TLA 500.
In a system with many modules, it is easier to identify which modules are
connected to the probe adapter if slot number labels are applied to the probe
interface housings and DAS or TLA 500 mainframe. Figure 1–5 shows where to
apply slot number labels.
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Apply slot number labels here.
Figure 1–5: Applying slot number labels
Getting Started
Installing the Software
One floppy disk is included with the support for installing the software on a DAS
or TLA 500 logic analyzer. The amount of disk free space required after
installation is shown on the label of the floppy disk. During installation, you will
need approximately twice that amount of disk space.
To install the software onto a DAS or TLA 500 logic analyzer, follow these steps:
1. Power on the DAS or TLA 500 system.
2. Insert the 92DM support disk for the DAS or TLA 500 logic analyzer into
the floppy drive.
3. Press the Select Menu key, and select the Disk Services menu.
4. Select Install Application in the Operation field of the menu.
5. Press F8: EXECUTE OPERATION, and follow the on-screen prompts.
NOTE. After each install operation, a message appears on the screen informing
you the operation succeeded or failed. If the message tells you the operation
failed, you might need to remove software or files from the hard disk and try
installing again.
If there is inadequate disk free space available on the hard disk, you must use the
Remove Application or Delete File function of the Disk Services menu to free up
enough disk space to install the software.
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Disk Drive Upgrade
Loading the Software
Getting Started
For information on installing the LA-OffLine microprocessor support software
on your workstation, refer to the LA-OffLine User Manual.
If your DAS/TLA does not have a 3.5 inch floppy disk drive, you should contact
your Tektronix sales representative for information on how to upgrade the drive.
To load the software, follow these steps:
1. Press the Menu Select key, select the appropriate module, select its
Configuration menu, and press Return.
2. Select XXX Support, where XXX represents the name of your support
package, for example the P54C, in the Software Support field.
NOTE. After each load operation, a message appears on the screen informing you
the operation succeeded or failed. If the message tells you the operation failed,
you might need to remove software or files from the hard disk and try loading
again.
When you load the software, the Channel, Clock, and Trigger menus are
automatically set up to acquire data from your microprocessor-based system. You
can change the setups in the Clock and Trigger menus as needed. For information
on what can be changed in the Channel menu, refer to Channel Group Defini-
tions on page 12.
Configuring a Probe Adapter
There might be jumpers or switches on the probe adapter. The 92DM support
instruction manual contains information on how to configure the probe adapter
under Configuring the Probe Adapter in the Getting Started chapter.
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Connecting a192-Channel High-Density Probe to a Probe Adapter
Some support packages require a 196-Channel High-Density Probe in addition to
the probe adapter.
Before you connect to the system under test (SUT), you must connect the
standard probes to the module card. Your SUT must also have a minimum
amount of clear space surrounding the microprocessor to accommodate the probe
adapter. Refer to the Specifications chapter in the 92DM support instruction
manual for the required clearances.
To connect the acquisition probes to the high-density probe, follow these steps:
1. Connect the probe adapter to the SUT as described in the support instruction
manual up to the step that describes how to connect the clock and channel
probes.
2. Connect the clock and channel probes to the high-density probe as shown in
Figure 1–6. Match the channel groups and numbers on the interface housing
to the corresponding pins on the high-density probe. Match the ground pins
on the probes to the corresponding pins on the probe adapter.
Getting Started
Be sure to check the support instruction manual for any special connections
that need to be made on the high-density probe.
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Clock probe
Getting Started
Hold the 8-channel probes by the podlet
holder when connecting them to the
high-density probe. Do not hold them by
the cables or necks of the podlets.
8-Channel probe
High-density probe
92A96 interface housing
Figure 1–6: Connecting acquisition probes to a high-density probe
3. Connect the high-density cables from the probe adapter to the high-density
probe as shown in the 92DM support instruction manual.
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Application Setup
This section provides general information on the setup of the software.
Remember that the information in this section is general to the features and
controls of any microprocessor support on a DAS or TLA 500 logic analyzer.
Differences in features and controls of a specific support will be given in the
instruction manual for that product.
Before you acquire and disassemble data, you need to load the software and
specify setups for clocking, triggering, and using symbols. The software provides
default values for each of these setup controls, but you can change them as
needed.
Channel Group Definitions
Each support setup contains channel group definitions. Most supports have
channel groups defined for the Address, Data, and Control signals, and additional
groups defined for other microprocessor signals.
The channel groups cannot be changed nor can the channels be reused in another
group; however, you can define and display additional groups. If you want to
know which signal is in which group, refer to the channel assignment tables in
the Specifications chapter of the support instruction manual. Channel
assignments are also shown in the 92A96 Channel setup menu.
Changes that Affect Disassembly
You can change part of the default setups for the module. If you change the
threshold voltage or display polarity, the disassembled data will be affected.
Custom Clocking
You can use the Clock menu to set clocking choices to control data sampling.
Each support offers a microprocessor-specific clocking selection called Custom.
This clocking choice is the default selection whenever you select XXX Support
in the 92A96 Configuration menu, where XXX represents the name of your
support, for example the P54C.
Disassembly
Descriptions of using these other clock selections with microprocessor supports
can be found in the next chapter under General Purpose Analysis.
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will not be correct with the Internal or External clocking modes.
12
Symbols
Application Setup
Symbols can be used to represent a specific channel group value (pattern) or a
range of channel group values defined by upper and lower bounds (range).
You can use symbol tables to display channel group information symbolically in
the State and Disassembly menus, to control triggering, and to conduct data
searches. The disassembler provides at least one symbol table file, normally for
the Control channel group that replaces specific Control channel group values.
Refer to Triggering on page 35, and Symbolic Display of Channel Groups on
page 20 for more information on using and displaying symbolic values. Refer
also to Disassembly Search Definition Overlay on page 21 for information on
how to use symbol table values for data searches.
Your support instruction manual shows the supplied symbol table files and lists
the predefined symbols in each file.
Triggering
All the Trigger menu selections available for use with your module are also
available for use with disassembly. Refer to your module user manual for a list
and description of these selections.
If the support displays exception cycle types, these exception cycle types are
computed and cannot be used to control triggering.
You can use the Home key to quickly clear the word recognizer field of any
channel group with a symbolic radix. To clear a word recognizer, open the field,
press the Home key, and close the field. The first entry on the list is blank.
The DAS or TLA 500 makes it possible to cross-trigger with other modules or to
an external instrument. You might want to consider sending or receiving a signal
to or from another module, or to the Sync Out SMB connector on the module.
You should refer to your DAS or TLA 500 System User Manual for an in-depth
description of defining and using signals, and to specific module user manuals
for a description of using the Sync Out SMB connector.
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Display Menus
Disassembly Menu
This section provides general information on features and controls of the
Disassembly menu. Also included in this section is a brief description of the
State and Timing menus.
Remember that the information in this section is general to the features and
controls of any support on a DAS or TLA 500 logic analyzer. Differences in
features and controls of a specific support will be given in the instruction manual
for that product.
If you have any problems acquiring data, refer to Appendix A: Error Messages
and Disassembly Problems.
Acquired data is disassembled into cycle types and instruction mnemonics. Data
can be viewed in the Disassembly menu in four display formats. All the formats
have the following characteristics:
H
The default display format typically shows the Address, Data, and Control
channel group values for each sample of acquired data.
H
Gaps in the acquired data, caused by data qualification specified in the
Trigger menu, are indicated by a gray background behind the Address and
Data groups.
H
You can add data marks to sequences or use the Mark Opcode function to
correct disassembled data that is misinterpreted.
H
The disassembler displays special characters and strings in the instruction
mnemonics to indicate significant events, such as an illegal instruction, or an
instruction that was manually changed to a program fetch with the Mark
Cycle function. The instruction manual lists and describes these special
characters and strings.
The Disassembly Format Definition overlay offers optional selections to modify
the way disassembled data displays.
The Disassembly Search Definition overlay allows you to define search criteria
to locate specific data. The overlay can also be used to scroll through data based
on specific types of instructions.
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Display Menus
Display Formats
The four display formats for disassembled data are: Hardware, Software, Control
Flow, and Subroutine.
Hardware Display Format. In Hardware display format, the disassembler displays
certain cycle type labels in parentheses. Your support instruction manual contains
a table that lists the cycle type labels and gives a brief definition of the bus cycle
that the label represents.
Figure 1–7 shows an example of the Hardware display. The figure uses data from
the P54C reference memory file.
2
1
3 4 5
6
Figure 1–7: Hardware display
1
Cursor. Shows the DAS or TLA 500 sequence number on which the cursor
is positioned.
2
Sequence Column. Lists DAS or TLA 500 memory locations for the
acquired data.
3
Address Group. Lists data from channels connected to the Address bus.
4
Data Group. Lists data from channels connected to the Data bus.
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Display Menus
5
Mnemonic Column. Lists the instructions that have been disassembled.
6
Control Group. Lists data from channels connected to microprocessor
signals assigned to the Control channel group.
F2: SPLIT DISPLAY. Accesses the Split Display Definition overlay. Refer to
the module user manual for information on this overlay.
F4: MARK DATA. Use this key to add data marks or to mark cycles. Refer to
the module user manual for information on data marks. Refer to the next chapter
for a description on how to mark cycles.
F5: DEFINE FORMAT. Use this key to access the Disassembly Format
Definition overlay, described later in this section.
F6: DEFINE SEARCH. Use this key to access the Disassembly Search
Definition overlay, described later in this section.
F7: SEARCH BACKWARD. Use this key to search backward through acquired
data for a sample matching the current search definition. The search starts with
the sample before the cursor. If the search is successful, the data cursor moves to
the sample that matches the search values.
F8: SEARCH FORWARD. Use this key to search forward through acquired
data for a sample matching the current search definition. The search starts with
the sample after the cursor. If the search is successful, the data cursor moves to
the sample that matches the search values.
Software Display Format. In general, the Software display format shows only
executed instructions. The display is designed to resemble assembly language
listings.
Your support instruction manual contains details about other information
displayed or not displayed, such as special cycles, read extensions, data reads and
writes, flushed cycles, and other cycle types.
Control Flow Display Format. In general, the Control Flow display format shows
any instruction that changes the flow of control, such as the following types of
instructions:
H
Branch instructions that cause an address break; branches not taken are not
displayed
H
Conditional jumps actually taken
H
Exception cycles
If a conditional jump branches to an address that is reached sequentially, it might
be impossible to determine if the branch was taken or not. In this case, the branch
would not be displayed in the Control Flow display, and no flushing would be
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Display Menus
done. Unconditional branches are always displayed whether or not the destination address is seen on the bus (although no flushing will be done).
Your support instruction manual contains a list of specific instructions that
generate a change in the flow of control in the microprocessor.
Subroutine Display Format. In general, the Subroutine display format shows only
the first fetch of subroutine call and return instructions. It will display conditional
subroutine calls if they are considered to be taken.
Your support instruction manual contains a list of specific instructions that
generate a subroutine call or return instruction in the microprocessor.
Mark Cycle
Occasionally you might want to change the way the disassembler interprets a
cycle type. Marking cycles synchronizes the disassembler.
The disassembler might lose track at the start of an acquisition if there is not
enough history or when a flush occurs that the disassembler misinterprets as an
instruction. The Mark Cycle function identifies an opcode (or other cycle type)
and lets you synchronize the disassembly if the software has lost track.
Function key F4: MARK DATA provides the Mark Cycle function that allows
you to change the interpretation of a cycle type. You can use the Mark Cycle
function, to select a cycle and change it to another type of opcode or cycle.
The support instruction manual contains information on the types of opcodes or
other cycles you can change a misinterpreted cycle to, and a list of Mark Cycle
selections.
NOTE. The Mark Cycle function is not needed for all microprocessor supports.
Your support might not have a list of Mark Cycle selections.
Disassembly Format Definition Overlay
You can use the Disassembly Format Definition overlay to make optional
display selections for the Disassembly menu to help you analyze your data. To
access the overlay from the Disassembly menu, press F5: DEFINE FORMAT.
You can use this overlay to change the way data appears across all disassembly
display formats. All support softwares contain the following display options:
H
Choose the display format (mode) in which the Disassembly menu displays
disassembled data
H
Display and define the format of the timestamp
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H
Highlight various types of disassembled cycles
H
Choose to disassemble across gaps
H
Change the position of any channel group in the display
H
Change the radix for any channel group
H
Choose which symbol tables are to be used when channel groups are
displayed symbolically
Figure 1–8 shows the fields common to all Disassembly Format Definition
overlays.
1
2
3
4
5
This area contains fields specific
to your support.
Display Menus
6
7
8
Figure 1–8: Disassembly Format Definition overlay
1
Display Mode. You can select Hardware, Software, Control Flow, or
Subroutine format.
2
Timestamp. You can display the timestamp as an Absolute, Relative, or
Delta value. You can also set the timestamp display to Off.
Timestamp values show the amount of time that has elapsed between data
samples. An Absolute timestamp shows the amount of time elapsed between
when the acquisition was started (after pressing F1: START) and each
subsequent data sample. A Relative timestamp shows the amount of time
elapsed between successive samples. A Delta timestamp shows the amount
of time elapsed between the sample with the delta user mark and each
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previous or subsequent data sample. If there is no delta mark, the timestamp
is relative to sequence 0.
3
Highlight. You can highlight Instructions, Control Flow, or Subroutines.
With highlighting on, only the selected type of samples are shown as white
text with a black background; all other samples are shown as gray text with a
black background. You can also set the highlighting to All.
4
Highlight Gaps. You can choose to highlight or not to highlight gaps. Gaps
are caused by qualifying data storage in the Trigger menu and are indicated
by a gray background behind the address and data values.
5
Disasm Across Gaps. You can choose to continue or not to continue to
disassemble data across gaps. Disassembling data across gaps causes the
disassembler to disassemble data as if no gap existed. Disassembled data will
be invalid if the last sample before the gap does not logically match the
sample immediately following the gap.
6
Group Name. You can specify the name of the group that displays in the
column in which the cursor is positioned. When you move a group, the group
is inserted in the new column position and removed from its old position.
Remaining groups will move one column position to the left or right as
appropriate.
7
Group Radix. You can select the radix in which each group displays. The
radix selections for most groups are Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal, Symbol,
and Off. The only selections for the Data group are Hexadecimal or Off. The
only selections for the Mnemonics group are ASCII or Off. You should only
select the symbolic radix when a symbol table is available for that group. The
timestamp value always displays in decimal.
8
Symbol Table. You can specify a symbol table to use for each group where
symbolic is the selected radix.
F1: ESCAPE & CANCEL. Closes the overlay and discards any changes you
have made since entering it.
F5: RESTORE FORMAT. Displays a list of saved disassembly formats for the
current module or cluster setup. Use the cursor keys to select the desired format
to restore, and press the Open/Close key.
F6: SAVE FORMAT. Saves the current selections for the Disassembly Format
Definition overlay in a file on disk. You can enter a file name up to ten characters
long.
F7: DELETE FORMAT. Displays a list of saved disassembly format files for
the current module or cluster setup. Use the cursor keys to select the desired
format to delete, and press the Open/Close key. You cannot delete the Default
format.
F8: EXIT & SAVE. Exits the overlay and executes or saves any changes made.
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Display Menus
Exception Vectors
Symbolic Display of
Channel Groups
Some disassemblers can display microprocessor exception vectors.
Exception vector tables can be fixed or relocated. When they can be relocated,
the disassembler initially places a default value for the location of the exception
vector table. You can change the value using the Disassembly Format Definition
overlay by entering the starting address in the appropriate field (or fields). The
field provides the disassembler with the offset address. You need to enter a
hexadecimal value corresponding to the offset of the base address of the
exception table.
If needed, there will be an exception vector table size field in the Disassembly
Format Definition overlay that lets you specify a hexadecimal size for the table.
The support instruction manual contains information on the fields associated with
displaying exception vectors. The manual also contains a table(s) that lists
displayed exception vectors.
Exception cycle types are computed and cannot be used to control triggering.
When the microprocessor processes an exception, the disassembler displays the
type of exception, if known.
Channel groups, such as Address, can be displayed as range symbolic values in
the Disassembly menu similar to the way the Control group can be displayed as
pattern symbolic values in the Disassembly and State menus.
If you create a range symbol table for the Address channel group, you can then
change the radix of the Address group in the Disassembly menu using the
Disassembly Format Definition overlay. For the Address group, if an address
appears in the operand field of a mnemonic, it will also be displayed
symbolically.
You can use the Symbol Editor menu to create symbol tables in which symbols
are assigned to various pattern or range values.
Figure 1–9 shows the Address channel group displayed symbolically. The
symbol table file used in this example is called XXX_Demo, where XXX could
represent the name of your support. This figure uses the P54C_Demo symbol
table file.
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Display Menus
Figure 1–9: Address channel group displayed symbolically
Disassembly Search Definition Overlay
You can use the Disassembly Search Definition overlay to define specific data
values to locate in the acquired data. You can set up the module to search for
specific text or numeric values, a numeric value that is inside or outside a range
of values, or to exclude a group from the search. You can also use this overlay to
control scrolling in the Disassembly menu.
NOTE. If a channel group is not displayed, it will be excluded in the search. To
make a channel group visible, access the Disassembly Format Definition overlay,
and change the display radix of the group to Bin, Oct, Dec, Hex, or Sym. A
display radix of ASCII will default to Hex as the search radix.
The module logically ANDs all values and selections defined in the Disassembly
Search Definition overlay when a search is conducted.
When a match is found for the search value, the cursor moves to that sample. If a
match is not found, the cursor does not move, and a message appears that says
the value was not found.
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Display Menus
Table 1–1 shows the search variables available for each type of group.
T able 1–1: Search variables available by group type
Group type Comparison type Radix Value Offset*
Channel Equal, Not Eq Hex, Bin, Oct, Dec, Sym (Pattern, Range) = yes
In, Not In Hex, Bin, Oct, Dec, Sym (Range)
Ignore none none none
Mnemonic Text, Not Text Whole String, Substring, Word = none
Ignore none none none
* Only available in Equal or Not Equal searches when SYM is the search radix and a range symbol table is selected.
w, v
, = none
When searching for data in a clustered-module setup in the Disassembly menu,
the searches are conducted only for the master module. You can define any one
of the modules to be the master module.
Search Type
You can choose which type of acquired data to search through: Disassembly,
Acquisition, or Both.
Disassembly Search Type. The Disassembly search type allows radix choices as
described in Table 1–1 for all visible channel groups, and the Mnemonic group.
The search algorithm only looks through disassembled data.
Acquisition Search Type. The Acquisition search type allows a subset of radix
choices for all visible channel groups. The Mnemonic group is excluded and is
not visible. The search algorithm only looks through state data. The comparison
type specified in the Mode field applies to all visible groups.
It is much faster to search through state data than disassembled data if you can
determine a suitable value on which to search.
Both Search T ype. The Both search type is a combination of the Disassembly
search and Acquisition search types. Searches are usually faster when data is first
filtered with the Acquisition search algorithm. This is the basis for the Both
selection.
When searching through both types of data, the algorithms are applied in the
following sequence:
1. The acquisition search looks for a value that matches the state data for all
defined channel group values.
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2. If the acquisition search finds a match in state data, the disassembly search
checks for values that match the disassembled data for all defined channel
groups and mnemonic group values on that line.
If the disassembly search finds a match, the cursor moves to that line.
3. If the disassembly search does not find a match, the acquisition search looks
for another match in state data as described in step 1.
If no match is found in the acquired state or disassembled data, the cursor
does not move, and a message appears that says the value was not found.
Figure 1–10 shows the interaction of the acquisition and disassembly searches
when Both is selected.
Display data
Search Mode
Start search
Acquisition
search
Match
No match
Match
Disassembly
search
Figure 1–10: Interaction of acquisition and disassembly searches with Both
selected
Figure 1–11 on page 29 shows an example of the Disassembly Search Definition
overlay with a search defined for Both search types.
The selection in the Mode field applies only to the channel group values defined
in an acquisition type search. The search mode defines how state data is
compared to the acquisition search values: Equal, Not Equal, or Ignore. (The
disassembly type search contains individual Mode fields for each visible channel
group and the mnemonic group.)
Equal Search Mode. The search looks for values that match the visible channel
group values defined.
Not Eq Search Mode
. The search looks for values that do not match the visible
channel group values defined.
Ignore Search Mode. You can exclude all visible channel groups from the search.
Existing channel group values are replaced with X’s (don’t cares). To retrieve the
previous values, make another selection in the Mode field and the values existing
when Ignore was selected will reappear.
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Radices
The search radix varies with each type of comparison. Available search radices
are: numeric and symbolic. With a symbolic radix, you can use a pattern or range
symbol table to define the search value.
Numeric Radix. For numeric radices in Eq or Not Equal searches, you can enter
numeric digits allowed for the radix or Xs (don’t cares) for each bit position. For
example, in a binary radix, you can enter zeroes, ones, or Xs.
In Equal or Not Eq searches, if you use Don’t Cares (Xs) in the search value and
change the radix, a $ (dollar sign) replaces those characters that cannot be
displayed in the new radix. For example, if you select a binary search radix, enter
01XX as the search value, and then change the radix to octal, the search value
will be displayed as 0$. If you change the radix to hexadecimal, the value will be
displayed as a $.
Even though part of the search value appears as a $, the search program will try
to find a sample that matches the characters that are defined.
Symbolic Radix with a Pattern Symbol Table. If an Equal or Not Eq search is used
with a pattern symbol table, a list of symbols and their associated numeric values
appear when you open the value field. The search program looks for the numeric
value of the symbol, no matter what the display radix for the group is set to in the
Disassembly menu.
If the search radix is numeric (Bin, Oct, Dec, or Hex), you can enter a numeric
value, and change the search radix to Sym. If there is a matching value in the
symbol table, the symbol name appears. If there is not a matching value, a default
symbol of all $$$$ is assigned to the numeric value entered. If you open the
value field, the $$$$ symbol appears in the list.
As soon as you select a symbol defined in the symbol table, the default symbol is
removed from the list. If the value of the default symbol is changed to another
numeric value not defined in the symbol table, the numeric value of the default
symbol, $$$$, is overwritten.
Pattern symbol tables are not selectable for In or Not In searches.
Symbolic Radix with a Range Symbol Table. If an Equal or Not Eq search is used
with a range symbol table, the search program looks for a value matching the
lower bound of the range plus the offset.
You can also enter an offset value in the + field below the search value field
which will be added to the low bound of the range. When entering an offset, you
need to use the same radix used in the symbol table. A letter to the right of the
Offset value indicates the radix as follows: h for hexadecimal, o for octal, b for
binary, or t for decimal. Only valid numeric values in the correct radix can be
entered; Don’t Cares are not allowed.
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If you change the search radix to a numeric radix such as hexadecimal, the entire
value, low bound and offset, is converted. When you change the radix back to
symbolic, and a symbol is not defined for that value, the value is placed in the
offset field and the default range symbol is placed in the value field. The value
field will appear blank.
The numeric value for the default symbol is the entire range for the number of
bits in the channel group. In binary, the lower bound would contain all zeroes and
the upper bound all ones. Therefore, if the default range symbol is selected, the
search program will match any value in the group.
Only range symbol tables can be used with In or Not In searches. There is no
offset field.
Comparison Types
You can define several types of data comparisons in the Disassembly Search
Definition overlay: Equal, Not Equal, In Range, Not In Range, Text, Not Text,
and Ignore.
Equal Comparison. You can search for a specific numeric value in any visible
channel group. The Equal search comparison causes the software to search for a
value that matches the pattern entered in the = field.
Not Eq Comparison. You can search for any value other than a specific numeric
value in any visible channel group. The Not Eq search comparison causes the
software to search for a pattern that does not match the value entered in the =
field.
In Comparison. You can search for any value inside a range of numeric values for
any visible channel group. The In search comparison causes the software to
search for a value that is equal to or between the values entered in the ≥ and ≤
fields. Don’t Care characters (Xs) are not allowed in this type of search.
Not In Comparison. You can search for any value not inside a range of numeric
values for any visible channel group. The Not In search comparison causes the
software to search for a value that is outside the values entered in the ≥ and ≤
fields. Don’t Care characters (Xs) are not allowed in this type of search.
T ext Comparison. You can search for a specific text string in the Mnemonic
group. When you select Text, the selections in the Radix field are: Whole String,
Substring, and Word.
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NOTE. Text searches are always case sensitive.
You can use special characters in the value field (=). Table 1–2 shows the special
characters available.
T able 1–2: Special characters available in a Text search
Character Translation
Matches any single character
*
$"
$"
*
Matches zero or more characters
Matches one or more “delimiter” (see the following paragraphs)
Matches one or more spaces
Matches one space
Matches the question mark character
Matches the asterisk character
Matches the tilde character
Matches the backslash character
You can use the tilde (*) special character in the search value to search for most
non-alphanumeric characters except the underscore character. The tilde will also
match the beginning and the end of string.
In any text search, you can enter the tilde in the search value to match the
delimiter characters. In a Word text search, the tilde is implicit before and after
the search value, but you might want to enter an explicit tilde with the search
value as well. The tilde matches delimiter characters as follows:
$"
')
*,
(
!" #&!% !$ #&!%
If you need to search only for a specific delimiter, you can enter it in the value
field instead of using the tilde special character.
When matching a delimiter character against a text string, the beginning and end
of string delimiter match does not consume a character from the string. For
example, the string
matches the pattern
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.
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The software can search for the following Text types:
H
When Whole String is selected, the search program will try to match the
search value to the entire mnemonic string.
H
When Substring is selected, the search program will try to match the search
value anywhere in the mnemonic string.
H
When Word is selected, the search program will try to match the search value
as a delimited block of characters anywhere in the Mnemonic group. In other
words, the characters in the search pattern must all occur together in the
mnemonic string with a delimiter on either side of the block.
Two examples of equivalent Text search definitions are as follows:
Substring:
Word:
Keep the following characteristics in mind when entering text in the search value
field for the Mnemonic group:
H
A caret (^) appears beneath the field to mark the end of the text pattern; this
allows you to enter spaces at the end of the value. When the caret displays
below the right border of the value field, it indicates that the end of the string
is scrolled out of the field and is not visible.
H
Do not type in spaces (press the space bar) to delete characters in the string;
you must use the Rubout key which is bound to the Shift/Backspace on most
keyboards.
H
When deleting characters, the character to the left of the text entry cursor (an
underscore character) is removed; if the text entry cursor is positioned under
the last character in the string, that character is removed.
H
You can clear the entire field with the Shift/Space key.
H
You can move the text entry cursor (a one character wide underline) inside
the value field with the arrow keys, or with the mouse. To move the cursor
with the mouse, position the pointer over the character you want the cursor to
move to and click mouse button 1.
abc
abc
= Whole String:
= Substring:
*abc*
~abc~
H
You can move the text entry cursor to the beginning of the input string with
the Home key. (This is the number 5 key on the keypad of many keyboards.)
H
You can move the text entry cursor to the end of the input string with the
Shift/Home key.
H
Part of the search value string will scroll to the left (out of view) if you enter
a string longer than the value field can display.
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H
An arrow on the left or right of the value field indicates that text is not in
view on that end of the string.
H
You can select to insert characters or overwrite them as the text entry mode.
Use F3: SWITCH TO INSERT or F3: SWITCH TO OVERWRITE to toggle
between the two modes. Figure 1–12 shows this function key.
H
When you close the field, the text entry cursor, left and right arrows, and
function key F3 disappear.
Not T ext Comparison. You can search for a text string in the Mnemonic group
other than the one specified as the search value. When you select Not Text, the
selections in the Radix field are: Whole String, Substring, and Word. Refer to the
description of Text search for information on how to define the Not Text search
value.
Ignore Comparison. You can exclude any group displayed in the Disassembly
menu from the search.
Mnemonic Type
You can search for types of mnemonics displayed by the disassembler.
The module logically ANDs all values and selections, including the Mnemonic
Type, defined in the Disassembly Search Definition overlay when a search is
performed.
NOTE. If you select a Mnemonic Type search while viewing data in the same
display mode, and no other search values are defined for other groups, the search
will stop on every sample in the display. To avoid this, enter more specific search
values in other groups, or select a more restrictive Mnemonics Type.
Table 1–3 shows the Mnemonic Type selections, suggested display formats in the
Disassembly menu, and the resulting search action relative to the display format.
T able 1–3: Mnemonic type search selections, display mode, and resulting search action
Mnemonic type Suggested display format Resulting search action
Hardware Hardware Searches through samples displaying a cycle type label or any instruction
Software Hardware Searches through samples displaying the first fetch of an executed instruction
Control Flow Hardware, Software Searches through samples displaying an instruction that changed the flow of
control
Subroutine Hardware, Software, Control Flow Searches through samples displaying the first fetch of a subroutine call or
return instruction
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Load the Search Values
from the Cursor
You can load the value from an individual group or all groups on which the
cursor is currently positioned in the Disassembly menu.
You can position the cursor on any search field for an individual group with a
search mode other than Ignore and press F4: LOAD FROM CURSOR. The
search program will copy in the search value for that group. If the search radix
does not match the display radix, the value is converted to the search radix.
You can position the cursor in the Mnemonics Type field and press F4: LOAD
FROM CURSOR. The search program will copy in the search values for all
groups in the Disassembly Data area with valid search modes except Ignore.
You can position the cursor in the Mode field and press F4: LOAD FROM
CURSOR. The search program will copy in the search values for all groups in
the Acquisition Data area with valid search modes except Ignore.
If there is more than one display line for the sample being loaded, a pop up
appears in which you can choose the line whose values will be loaded.
Figure 1–11 shows the Disassembly Search Definition overlay with Both as the
selected type of search.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
8
Figure 1–11: Disassembly Search Definition overlay with Both as the search type
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1
Search Type. You can select Disassembly, Acquisition, or Both search
methods.
2
Mnemonic Type. You can select Hardware, Software, Control Flow, or
Subroutine mnemonic types.
3
Group Name. Shows the name of all the groups currently displayed in the
Disassembly menu.
4
Mode. You can select various search modes for a channel group or for the
Mnemonic group. Table 1–1 shows the selections by group type.
5
Radix. You can select various search radices for a channel group or for the
Mnemonic group. Table 1–1 shows the selections by group type.
6
Value. You can enter a numeric value, a pattern symbol, or a text string in the
equals (=) field when using Equal, Not Eq, Text, and Not Text comparison
types. Table 1–1 shows the selections by group type.
7
Mode. Applies only to the channel group values defined in an acquisition
type search. The search mode defines how state data is compared to the
acquisition search values.
8
Sym Tbl. You can specify a symbol table to use for each group if Sym
(symbolic) is the search radix.
9
Value.You can enter a numeric value when using Equal and Not Equal.
F1: ESCAPE & CANCEL. Closes the overlay and discards any changes you
have made since entering it.
F4: LOAD FROM CURSOR. Loads the values from one group or all groups on
which the cursor is currently positioned in the Disassembly menu.
F8: EXIT & SAVE. Exits the overlay and executes or saves any changes made.
Figure 1–12 shows a Text search defined in the Mnemonic group.
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Timing Menu
Figure 1–12: Text search in the Mnemonic group
F3: SWITCH TO INSERT. Changes the text entry mode to insert characters.
When in Insert mode, this key is labeled F3: SWITCH TO OVERWRITE. You
can use F3 to toggle between the Insert and Overwrite modes. The two text entry
modes are only available when the Mnemonic search value field is open.
In the Timing menu, every channel is shown as a waveform, and groups of
channels are shown as busforms.
A predefined Timing Format Definition overlay file, part of the microprocessor
support, is available for you to use when viewing data in the Timing menu. The
XXX_96 file, where XXX represents the name of your support, for example the
P54C_96 file, is installed on the DAS or TLA 500 with the support software.
Many Timing Format Definition files place the important channel groups, such as
Address and Data, first and display them as busforms containing bus values
instead of as individual timing waveforms. These groups are generally followed
by the microprocessor system clock and other important control signals displayed
as individual waveforms.
The display order of the clock signal, channel groups shown as busforms, and
other control signals will vary with each support. The support instruction manual
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contains channel assignment tables in the Specifications chapter that list the
individual channels and signal names to which they connect.
Figure 1–13 shows an example of a Timing Format Definition file for the P54C
support. Your module user manual contains a detailed description of the Timing
menu.
Figure 1–13: Timing data using the P54C_96 Timing Format Definition file
State Menu
The State menu shows acquired state data as numeric or symbolic values for each
channel group in the selected radix. When you view data in the State menu, it
will look different than the Disassembly menu because it uses the default channel
grouping setup, and disassembly does not occur.
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Split Screen Display
Display Menus
There often is a need to view data in a split screen display with state data in one
half and timing data in the other. Do not disconnect any of the module probe
cables or interface housings if you are analyzing data in this manner. Instead, use
any extra channels available from the module to make other connections to your
microprocessor-based system.
The support instruction manual contains information on extra module channels.
The channel assignment tables in the Specifications chapter also indicate which
signals are not required for disassembly.
When viewing acquired data in a split-screen display with cursors locked, do not
make selections in the active menu using the type-ahead method.
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Setting Up the Software
Before you acquire and disassemble data, you need to load the software and
specify setups for clocking, triggering, and using symbols. The software provides
default values for each of these setup controls, but you can change them as
needed. You might need to perform the following tasks:
H
Selecting the clock mode
H
Copying and editing predefined symbol tables
H
Triggering
Clocking Mode
To select the clocking mode, follow these steps:
1. Press the Select Menu key.
2. Select the Clock menu for the module you want to use.
3. Move the cursor to a Clocking Option field (field names will vary) and
make a selection.
Your support instruction manual contains clocking option field names and
descriptions of what data will be acquired for each selection.
Copying and Editing the Predefined Symbol Tables
You cannot directly edit any symbol tables supplied by the microprocessor
support. But you can make a copy of a predefined symbol table and edit the copy
for your specific use.
To create a new symbol table, follow these steps:
1. Select the Symbol Editor menu from the Menu Selection overlay.
2. Press F2: FILE FUNCTIONS.
3. Select Open File in the Function field, and press Return.
4. Select New File in the Edit Status field, and press Return.
5. Enter a new symbol table file name in the New File Name field.
6. Select Pattern or Range in the Table Type field to match the symbol table
you are copying, and press Return.
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Reference
7. Press F5: EXECUTE FUNCTION.
8. Select Merge Files in the Function field, and press Return.
9. Select the file to base your new symbol table on, for example the XXX_Ctrl
file (the Control group symbol table), where XXX represents the name of
your support such as the P54C_Demo file.
10. Press F5: EXECUTE FUNCTION.
11. Press F8: EXIT & SAVE.
12. Edit the file as desired keeping the following rules in mind:
H
If the new symbol has fewer don’t cares than an existing symbol, it must
be placed ahead of the existing symbol.
H
If the new symbol has more don’t cares than an existing symbol, it must
be placed after the existing symbol.
H
If the new symbol is only used for triggering and not for display, it must
be placed after all RESERVED symbols. Symbols placed ahead of
RESERVED symbols can be used for either triggering or display.
Triggering
H
Do not duplicate symbol names.
Also refer to your system user manual for more information on editing
the symbol table.
13. Select the Channel menu from the Menu Selection overlay.
14. Change the file name of the symbol table for the Control group (or whichev-
er group’s symbol table you are replacing) to the one that you specified in
step 5.
When using symbolic values in the Trigger menu, you can only use pattern
symbols. To use symbolic values in the trigger setup, follow these steps:
1. Press the Select Menu key and select the Channel menu.
2. Select SYM in the Radix field for the desired channel group, and select a
pattern symbol table file in the field that appears under the Radix field.
3. Press the Select Menu key and select the Trigger menu.
4. When entering values for the channel group in the trigger specification, you
can choose from the list of pattern symbols from the symbol table file
selected in step 2.
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Acquiring and Viewing Disassembled Data
After the software setup is complete, you can acquire and view data disassembled
in the Disassembly menu. This section describes the following tasks:
H
Acquiring and viewing data
H
Scrolling through data
H
Marking cycles and removing marks
H
Searching through data
H
Splitting the display
H
Printing data
H
Viewing the reference memory file
Acquiring Data
Once you load the support software, choose a clocking mode and specify the
trigger, you are ready to acquire and disassemble
acquisition key to begin the acquisition. You can press the F1: STOP key at any
time to stop the acquisition.
data. Press the F1: START
If you have any problems acquiring data, refer to Appendix A: Error Messages
and Disassembly Problems.
Viewing Disassembled Data
NOTE. Support software selections in the Disassembly Format Definition overlay
must be set correctly for your acquired data to be disassembled correctly. For a
description of the support specific fields, refer to Changing How Data is
Displayed in the support instruction manual.
Disassembled data is displayed in the Disassembly menu in four different
formats: Hardware, Software, Control Flow, and Subroutine. To select a format,
follow these steps:
1. Press the Select Menu key and select the Disasm menu.
2. Press F5: DEFINE FORMAT.
3. Select the desired format in the Display Mode field.
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Scrolling Through Data
Reference
4. Press F8: EXIT & SAVE.
You can use the Disassembly Search Definition overlay to scroll through data
based on types of instructions. To do this, follow these steps:
1. Select Ignore as the comparison type for all groups.
2. Select the format in the Mnemonics Type field that matches the type of
instructions you want the cursor to scroll by, Hardware, Software, Control
Flow, or Subroutine.
3. Press F8: EXIT & SAVE.
4. Use the F8: SEARCH FORWARD or F7: SEARCH BACKWARD keys to
scroll through disassembled data.
Marking Cycles
Occasionally you might want to change the way the disassembler interprets a
cycle type. The Mark Opcode function synchronizes the disassembler.
To mark a cycle, follow these steps:
1. Place the cursor on the cycle to be marked.
2. Press F4: MARK DATA, select the cycle type you want associated with the
current cycle, and press Return.
The marked cycle is indicated with a small m to the left of the sequence number.
Several cycles before and after the mark can be interpreted differently due to the
mark.
You can also choose to undo a mark. This causes the cycle, and any other cycles
that might have changed when you initially marked the cycle, to revert to its
original state at the time of the acquisition.
To undo a mark, follow these steps:
1. Place the cursor on the marked cycle.
2. Press F4: MARK DATA, select Undo Mark, and press Return.
Your support instruction manual contains the Mark Opcode selections, definitions of the selections, and a list of the combinations available.
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Removing Marks
The Disassembly menu does not let you remove data marks directly. To remove
all data marks from the display menus, use F2: REMOVE MARKS in the State
Format Definition or Timing Format Definition overlays.
Searching Through Data
You can use the Disassembly Search Definition overlay to search for data values.
To define a search through displayed disassembled data, follow these steps:
1. From the Disassembly menu, press F5: DEFINE FORMAT to check that
2. Press F8: EXIT & SAVE.
3. Press F6: DEFINE SEARCH to access the Disassembly Search Definition
Reference
the channel groups to be included in the search are visible.
overlay.
Splitting the Display
4. Select the search mode for each channel group included in the search, select
the search radix, and enter the appropriate search value. You might be able to
copy in the values by using the Load From Cursor function key.
5. Set the search mode for channel groups excluded from the search to Ignore.
6. Press F8: EXIT & SAVE.
7. Press F8: SEARCH FORWARD to search forward from the sequence
following the cursor through the last sequence for data values as they are
defined in the Disassembly Search Definition overlay.
Press F7: SEARCH BACKWARD to search backward from the sequence
before the cursor through the first sequence for data values as they are
defined in the Disassembly Search Definition overlay.
When executing a search, the progress of the search (which sequence number is
being searched) displays in the upper right side of the screen. To abort a search,
you can use the Stop key or the Break key (F11 on most keyboards). When the
Stop key or Break key is pressed, the search stops and the cursor remains on the
sample from which the search started.
You can split the display to view any two of the three display menus: Disassembly, State, or Timing. To split the display, follow these steps:
1. Press F2: SPLIT DISPLAY to use the split-screen display.
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Printing Data
Reference
2. Press F5: SPLIT HORIZ to split the screen into two horizontal displays.
3. Press F2: LOCK CURSOR. A list of selections appears.
4. Select lock cursors at the same sequence, and press Return.
5. Press F8: EXIT & SAVE to display the menus in a split screen.
6. To change the active window, press F3: SWITCH WINDOWS to make the
other menu active. The cursor and Cursor field are yellow in the active
window.
When viewing acquired data in a split-screen display with cursors locked, do not
make selections in the active menu using the type-ahead method.
To print disassembled data, use the Disassembly Print overlay. To access this
overlay, press the Print key from the Disassembly menu. The Disassembly Print
overlay is exactly the same as the State Print overlay. Refer to your module user
manual for a description of this overlay.
Viewing the Demonstration Reference Memory
The software provides a demonstration reference memory file so you can see an
example of how your microprocessor bus cycles and instruction mnemonics look
when they are disassembled. A symbol table for the Address channel group is
usually provided with the file so you can see an example of range symbols.
Viewing the reference memory is not a requirement for preparing the 92A96
Module for use. You can view the reference memory file without connecting the
DAS or TLA 500 to your SUT.
To view the XXX_Demo Refmem, follow these steps:
1. Press the Select Menu key and select the XXX_Demo file from the Refmem
column, where XXX represents the name of your support, for example the
P54C_Demo file.
2. Select the Disasm menu from the Display column and press Return.
You can change the format of the disassembled data from the Disassembly
Format Definition overlay, which you can access through the Disassembly menu.
If there is not enough free space on the hard disk, you can delete the XXX_Demo
files (a reference memory file and a symbol table file for the Address group).
They are not necessary to the operation of the software.
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General Purpose Analysis
You might need to perform general purpose (timing) analysis on your
microprocessor-based system prior to, during, and after attempting to integrate
your software with the system hardware. When performing hardware analysis,
you might want to use the data acquisition module to acquire data with a finer
resolution. When more data samples are taken in a given period of time, the
resolution in the Timing menu increases, and you see signal activity that would
otherwise be undetected.
This part of this chapter describes the following tasks:
H
Clocking
H
Triggering
H
Acquiring and viewing data
H
Searching through data
H
Printing data
To acquire and display timing data, you need to change the clocking selection
and trigger program, acquire data, and view it in the Timing menu. A predefined
Timing Format Definition overlay file called XXX_96, where XXX represents
the name of your support, for example the P54C_96 file, can be used to view
microprocessor timing data. A description of this file and how to use it can be
found later in this chapter.
The support instruction manual contains channel assignment tables in the
Specifications chapter. Refer to those tables to see which channels are not
required for disassembly. You can disconnect these channels to make other
connections to your microprocessor-based system.
Clocking
To change the data sampling rate, use the Clock menu. When using the 92A96
Module for timing analysis, you need to use the Internal or External clocking.
The Internal clock selection can sample data up to 100 MHz, which has a 10 ns
resolution between samples. The External clock selection samples data on every
active clock edge on the 92A96 clock inputs up to 100 MHz.
If your probe adapter has jumpers or switches, they might need to be in certain
positions to acquire timing data. For information on jumpers or switches, refer to
Configuring the Probe Adapter in the Getting Started chapter in your support
instruction manual.
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The default clocking mode is Custom when any specific support software is
selected in the Support field of the 92A96 Configuration menu. You will need to
change it to either Internal or External. Your module user manual contains an
in-depth description of Internal and External clocking.
Custom Clocking
Internal Clocking
Custom clocking only stores one data sample for each bus transaction, which can
take one or more clock cycles. Custom clocking also time-aligns certain signals
that otherwise would be skewed relative to the current bus transaction. This
clocking selection is generally unproductive for timing analysis.
The support instruction manual contains a description of how Custom clocking is
used with the probe adapter to acquire data.
When you select Internal as the clocking mode, the 92A96 Module stores one
data sample as often as every 10 ns (100 MHz). This clocking selection is
commonly referred to as asynchronous.
Two typical uses of Internal clocking might be to verify that all microprocessor
signals are transitioning as expected or to measure timing relationship between
signal transitions.
It is possible to acquire asynchronous data at rates of 200 MHz and 400 MHz.
The faster the 92A96 Module acquires data, the fewer channels it can acquire
data on. A single 92A96 Module can acquire data on 24 channels at 400 MHz
providing 2.5 ns resolution. Refer to your module user manual for information on
sampling data at speeds faster than 100 MHz.
External Clocking
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When you select External as the clocking mode, the 92A96 Module acquires and
stores data based on the clock channel up to 100 MHz. This clocking selection is
commonly referred to as synchronous.
The module will sample data on every rising edge of the clock, if you select the
rising edge of the clock probe connected to the system clock signal, and turn off
the remaining three clocks. No data is acquired on the falling clock edge unless
you select both edges.
If your SUT is running at 44 MHz or below, you might want to select both edges
of the system clock signal as the clock channel. This clocking selection might
actually yield more information than Internal clocking at 100 MHz (10 ns).
You can also use the three qualifier channels and the other three clock channels
as qualifiers or clocks to further modify the clocking in of data from your
microprocessor-based system.
41
Triggering
Acquiring Data
Reference
The Clock Channel Assignments table in the Specifications chapter of the
support instruction manual tells you which clock probe, Clk:0, Clk:1, Clk:2, or
Clk:3, connects to the clock signal in your microprocessor-based system. The
manual also tells you the names of the signals to which each of the clock probes
connects.
All the Trigger menu selections available for use with the 92A96 Module are still
available for use with timing analysis. Refer to your module user manual for a
list and description of the selections.
You can acquire data as described earlier in this chapter. If your probe adapter
has jumpers or switches, they might need to be in certain positions to acquire
timing data. For information on jumpers or switches, refer to Configuring the
Probe Adapter in your support instruction manual.
Viewing Data
Timing Menu
General purpose analysis requires that you view data in the State or Timing
menus.
In the Timing menu, every channel is shown as a waveform, and groups of
channels are shown as busforms. A predefined Timing Format Definition overlay
file, part of the microprocessor support, is available for you to use when viewing
data in the Timing menu.
To select the supplied Timing Format Definition file, follow these steps:
1. Press the Select Menu key, select the Timing menu and press F5: DEFINE
FORMAT.
2. Press F5: RESTORE FORMAT.
3. Select XXX_96, where XXX represents the name of your support, for
example the P54C_96 file, and press the Return key.
4. Press F8: EXIT & SAVE to return to the Timing menu.
To view the group values of miscellaneous channel groups in the Timing menu,
check the State Format Definition overlay and make sure those groups are visible
(not Off).
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Reference
If you change and replace the supplied Timing Format Definition file, be sure to
rename the file. If you do not rename it, you will receive an error message saying
the Timing Format Definition file failed to verify when you do a Verify Software
(F5) in the Version menu.
State Menu
In the State menu, all channel group values are shown based on the selected radix
in the Channel menu or the State Format Definition overlay. When you view data
in the State menu, it will look different than the Disassembly menu because it
uses the default channel grouping setup, and disassembly does not occur.
If you want to display other channel groups (such as Misc), access the State
Format Definition overlay and change the radix for the group from Off to Hex,
Bin, or Oct. This overlay also allows you to add the Timestamp group (and
change the radix) to the data display.
Searching Through Data
To search through data, you can use either the Timing Search Definition overlay
or the State Search Definition overlay. You can use these overlays and search
through data as described in your module user manual.
To search on the group values of miscellaneous channel groups in the Timing
menu, check the State Format Definition overlay and make sure those groups are
visible (not Off). Channels in the Timing menu cannot be searched on unless they
can also be displayed in the State menu.
Printing Data
To print state data, you can use the State Table Print overlay. To access this
overlay, press the Print key from the State menu.
To print timing data, you can use the Timing Print overlay. To access this overlay,
press the Print key from the Timing menu.
For detailed information on the State Table Print overlay or the Timing Print
overlay, refer to your module user manual.
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Appendix A: Error Messages and Disassembly Problems
This appendix describes error messages and disassembly problems that you
might encounter while acquiring data.
Module Error Messages
These error messages will appear in any menu when there are problems with
acquiring data or satisfying the trigger program. The error messages are listed in
alphabetical order; a description of the error message and the recommended
solution follow the error message.
Slow Clock
This message appears when the active clock channel (or channels) is not
changing, is typically changing at 1 ms or slower intervals, or one of the clock
qualifiers is held in the wrong state. Check for the following:
1. The microprocessor-based system is powered on and running. Be sure the
system is not halted.
2. The support software is selected in the Support field in the appropriate
92A96 Configuration menu.
3. Custom is selected in the Clock menu.
4. The connections between the module and the probe adapter are correct.
H
The clock and 8-channel probe connections between the interface
housings and probe adapter or high-density probe are correct (module
name, clock, section names, and channel numbers match), are properly
oriented (GND connects to ground), and are fully engaged.
H
The connections between the LO and HI cable on the probe adapter and
high-density probe are correct.
H
The connections between the interface housings and module probe cables
have matched color labels, matched slot numbers, and are properly
keyed.
H
The connections between the module probe cables and probe connectors
have matched color labels, matched slot numbers, and are properly
keyed.
5. The orientation of pin A1 (or pin 1) on the microprocessor, the probe adapter,
and SUT are correct.
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Appendix A: Error Messages and Disassembly Problems
6. No bent or missing pins on the microprocessor or on the probe adapter
sockets.
7. The configuration of jumpers or switches on the probe adapter are correct.
The support instruction manual contains information on jumpers and
switches if there are any on your probe adapter.
Waiting for Stop
Waiting for Stop-Store
Waiting for Trigger
This message appears when the trigger condition is satisfied and memory is full
but the Manual Stop mode is selected in the Cluster Setup menu. To manually
stop the DAS or TLA 500, press F1: STOP.
This message can also appear when other modules in the cluster have not filled
their memories. Wait for the other modules to fill their memories. If the message
does not disappear in a short time, press F1: STOP.
This message appears when the trigger condition is satisfied but the amount of
post-fill memory specified in the trigger position field is not yet filled. Press
F1: STOP to view the acquired data, then check for the following:
1. The trigger program in the Trigger menu is correct.
2. The storage qualification in the Trigger menu is correct.
3. The microprocessor-based system or the module does not have an exception
or fault. The system or acquisition module might have experienced a
hardware or software exception or fault after the trigger condition was
satisfied.
This message appears when the trigger condition does not occur. Check for the
following:
1. The microprocessor-based system is powered on and running. Be sure the
system is not halted.
2. The trigger conditions are not being satisfied. The Module Monitor menu
shows which state events are not occurring. Press F1: STOP, access the
Trigger menu, and redefine the conditions for that state. Also refer to the
description on Triggering on page 13.
Disassembly Problems
There might be problems with disassembly for which no error messages are
displayed. Some of these problems and their recommended solutions follow.
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Appendix A: Error Messages and Disassembly Problems
Incorrect Data
If the data acquired is obviously incorrect, check the following:
1. The support software is selected in the Support field in the appropriate
92A96 Configuration menu.
2. If the microprocessor has an internal instruction cache, you should disable it.
The support instruction manual contains information on when and how to
disable the instruction cache.
3. Custom is selected in the Clock menu.
4. The connections between the module and the probe adapter are correct.
H
The clock and 8-channel probe connections between the interface
housings and probe adapter or high-density probe are correct (module
name, clock, section names, and channel numbers match), are properly
oriented (GND connects to ground), and are fully engaged.
H
The connections between the LO and HI cable on the probe adapter and
high-density probe are correct.
H
The connections between the interface housings and module probe cables
have matched color labels, matched slot numbers, and are properly
keyed.
Other Suggestions
H
The connections between the module probe cables and probe connectors
have matched color labels, matched slot numbers, and are properly
keyed.
5. No bent or missing pins on the specific microprocessor or on either of the
probe adapter sockets.
6. The configuration of jumpers or switches on the probe adapter are correct.
The support instruction manual contains information on jumpers and
switches if there are any on your probe adapter.
If the previous suggestions do not fix the problem with acquiring disassembled
bus cycles or instruction mnemonics, try the following:
1. Reload the module setup, and select the support software in the Support field
in the appropriate 92A96 Configuration menu to restore the DAS or TLA
500 to a known state.
2. Possible AC loading problems might be remedied by removing one or more
of the protective sockets from the probe adapter. These sockets might add
enough additional capacitance to your SUT to affect it. Refer to the
Maintenance section for a description of how to remove sockets from the
probe adapter. Not all probe adapters have protective sockets.
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Appendix A: Error Messages and Disassembly Problems
If the DAS or TLA 500 still is not acquiring data after trying these solutions,
there might be a problem with your microprocessor-based system. Try performing hardware analysis on the system with your DAS or TLA 500 to ensure that
the microprocessor signals are valid when the probe adapter samples them.
Refer to General Purpose Analysis on page 40 for information on data sampling
rates using either the Internal or External clocking selections in the Clock menu.
Also refer to How Data is Acquired in the support instruction manual to see when
the disassembler, probe adapter, and module sample the various microprocessor
signals.
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Appendix B: Maintenance
This section contains information on the following topics:
H
Care and maintenance of probe adapters
H
How to disconnect cables from the probe adapter or high-density probe
H
How to disconnect clock and channel probes
H
How to replace individual signal leads
H
How to replace protective sockets
H
How to replace a fuse
Care and Maintenance
The probe adapter does not require scheduled or periodic maintenance. To
maintain good electrical contact, keep the probe adapter free of dirt, dust, and
contaminants. Also, ensure that any electrically conductive contaminants are
removed.
Dirt and dust can usually be removed with a soft brush. For more extensive
cleaning, use only a damp cloth. Abrasive cleaners and organic solvents should
never be used.
CAUTION. The semiconductor devices contained on the probe adapter are
susceptible to static-discharge damage. To prevent damage, service the probe
adapter only in a static-free environment.
If the probe adapter is connected to your system, grasp the ground lug on the
back of the DAS or TLA 500 mainframe to discharge your stored static electricity. If the probe adapter is not connected, touch any of the ground pins (row of
square pins closest to the edge of the probe adapter circuit board labeled GND)
to discharge stored static electricity from the probe adapter.
Always wear a grounding wrist strap, or similar device, while servicing the
instrument.
Exercise care when soldering on a multilayer circuit board. Excessive heat can
damage the through-hole plating or lift a run or pad and damage the board
beyond repair. Do not apply heat for longer than three seconds. Do not apply
heat consecutively to adjacent leads. Allow a moment for the board to cool
between each operation.
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If you must replace an electrical component on a circuit board, exercise extreme
caution while unsoldering or soldering the new component. Use a pencil-type
soldering iron of less than 18 watts and an approved unsoldering tool.
Ensure that the replacement is an equivalent part by comparing the description as
shown in the Replaceable Electrical Parts chapter, if provided, in the support
instruction manual.
Disconnecting High-Density Cables
You might need to disconnect the high-density cables to use the high-density
probe for other purposes. Once connected, the HI and LO cables are securely
latched onto the cable connectors on the high-density probe and probe adapter.
To disconnect the cables from the high-density probe, follow these steps:
1. Insert a small flat screwdriver into one end of the connector next to the latch
on the high-density probe end of the cable. Insert it deep enough to pry loose
one end of the cable. Figure B–1 shows where to place the screwdriver.
Appendix B: Maintenance
2. Repeat step 1 on the other side of the cable connector.
3. Pull the cable out of the connector.
4. If there are two cables, repeat steps 1 through 3 for the second cable.
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High-density probe
Appendix B: Maintenance
HI cable
LO cable
Probe adapter
Figure B–1: Disconnecting cables from a high-density probe
You might want to disconnect the high-density cables from the probe adapter
instead of the high-density probe. Be sure to provide support under the connector
end of the probe adapter or remove the probe adapter from the SUT before
disconnecting the cables. You can then use this same procedure to disconnect the
cables.
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Disconnecting Probes
Appendix B: Maintenance
You might need to disconnect the clock and channel probes from the probe
adapter to use them on another application, to connect individual podlets to other
signals in your microprocessor system, or to replace defective clock or channel
probes (podlets).
To disconnect the clock and channel probes from the probe adapter, refer to
Figure B–2 and follow these steps:
1. Power off the SUT. It is not necessary to power off the DAS or TLA 500.
If available, you should use antistatic shipping material to support the probe
adapter while disconnecting the clock and channel probes.
CAUTION. Pulling on the cables, or on the neck of the clock probe, or pinching
the cables between the pull tabs can damage the probes. Always handle the
probes by their bodies.
2. Firmly grasp the body of a clock probe and gently pull it off of the square
pins.
3. Squeeze the pull tabs on the podlet holder together, be careful not to pinch
any podlet cables between them.
4. Gently pull the channel probe off of the square pins.
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Appendix B: Maintenance
Squeeze the pull tabs together, being
careful not to pinch any podlet cables
between them, and pull.
Grasp the body of the clock probe
and pull to remove. Do not pull on
the cable or top of the probe body.
Figure B–2: Disconnecting clock and channel probes
Replacing Probe Podlets
Each channel probe consists of 8 single-channel podlets ganged together in a
podlet holder. You might need to remove these podlets from the channel probe to
use for alternate connections to specific system signals.
Refer to the discussions on Alternate Microprocessor Connections and Channel
Assignments in the support instruction manual for information about which
channels you can use to make alternate connections between the DAS or TLA
500 and system under test without disturbing the channel connections required by
the disassembler.
You can also use these procedures to replace a defective clock probe or a
defective podlet from a channel probe.
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Appendix B: Maintenance
Removing Probe Podlets
from the Interface
Housing
To remove a clock probe or a channel probe podlet from the interface housing,
refer to Figure B–3 and follow these steps:
1. Power off the SUT. It is not necessary to power off the DAS or TLA 500.
2. Use a small pointed tool such as a ballpoint pen, pencil, or straightened paper
clip to press down on the latch detent of the podlet through an opening on the
interface housing.
3. Gently pull the podlet connector out of the housing with one hand while
pressing down on the latch detent with the pointed tool.
Paper clip
Press down on the detent
latch while pulling out the
podlet.
Replacing a Clock Probe
Gently pull
out the
podlet.
Figure B–3: Removing a probe podlet from the interface housing
To replace a clock probe, insert a new clock probe into the same clock channel
position on the interface housing. Insert the clock probe into the interface
housing with the detent latch oriented to the label side of the housing. Figure B–3
shows the correct orientation.
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Appendix B: Maintenance
Removing Probe Podlets
from the Podlet Holder
To remove channel probe podlets from the podlet holder, refer to Figure B–4 and
follow these steps:
CAUTION. Excessive pulling on the sides of the podlet holder can damage the
holder. Spread the holder open wide enough to clear and remove the podlets.
1. To remove podlets from the podlet holder, grasp the plastic pull tab on each
side of the podlet holder and gently spread the sides of the holder open just
enough to clear a podlet.
2. Remove the middle two podlets from the podlet holder by pushing up on the
metal pin receptacles.
3. Release the tabs on the podlet holder.
4. Remove the remaining podlets by turning and extracting each one at a time.
Gently pull the tabs apart just enough
to clear the two center podlets.
Channel 0 podlet
Replacing Channel Probe
Podlets
Channel 7 podlet
Figure B–4: Ganging together channel probe podlets
The channel podlets must retain the same channel order on both the interface
housing and in the podlet holder. Be sure to replace the old podlet with a podlet
of the same color. Table B–1 shows the color code and channel number of each
podlet for a channel probe.
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Appendix B: Maintenance
T able B–1: Podlet-to-channel color code
Podlet color Channel
Black 0
Brown 1
Red 2
Orange 3
Y ellow 4
Green 5
Blue 6
Violet 7
To replace a channel probe podlet, refer to Figure B–4 and follow these steps:
1. Insert the appropriately-colored podlet into the interface housing with the
detent latch oriented to the label side of the housing.
2. If you are replacing a single podlet, orient the podlet connector marked GND
towards the side of the podlet holder labeled GROUND.
3. Grasp the plastic pull tab on each side of the holder and gently spread the
sides of the holder open just enough to clear the podlet.
4. Hold the podlet body with the other hand and place it in the holder in the
correct channel order. Do not grasp and turn the podlet cable.
5. If you are re-ganging all the podlets of a channel probe, begin ganging the
podlets together starting with either channel 0 or channel 7. Orient the podlet
channel marked GND towards the side of the podlet holder labeled
GROUND.
CAUTION. Avoid twisting the podlet cables between the interface housing and the
podlet holder. To prevent damage to the podlets, keep the podlet cables parallel
to each other when ganging them into the holder.
6. Hold the podlet body, turn the podlet body parallel to the sides of the holder,
move it into the holder, and use your fingers to press it into place perpendicu-
lar to the sides of the holder. Be sure to gang the podlets in the correct
channel order according to the channel label on the podlet holder and podlet
color code, with all ground channels toward the Ground side of the holder.
Do not place the podlet into the holder by grasping the podlet cable.
7. Continue placing the next two podlets, one at a time, in channel order, in the
podlet holder. Orient all ground channels toward the Ground side of the
holder.
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Appendix B: Maintenance
8. The fourth podlet should be either channel 0 or 7, whichever one is not
already placed in the holder. Place this podlet in the other end of the podlet
holder and orient the ground channel correctly.
9. Continue placing the next two podlets, one at a time, in channel order, in the
podlet holder. Continue orienting the ground channels correctly.
CAUTION. Excessive pulling on the sides of the podlet holder can break the
holder. Spread the holder open only wide enough to clear the podlet.
10. Grasp the plastic pull tab on each side of the holder and gently spread the
sides of the holder open just enough to clear a podlet.
11. Place the last pair of podlets (channels 3 and 4) in the podlet holder in proper
channel order, orienting the ground channels to the Ground side of the
holder.
Replacing Protective Sockets
The probe adapter board might contain sockets designed to protect the probe
adapter, and to make it easy to insert and remove a microprocessor. The socket
on top of the probe adapter board is soldered and cannot be removed. The
protective socket on the bottom of the probe adapter board can be removed.
PGA Protective Sockets
You should not have to remove the replaceable protective socket on the probe
adapter unless the pins on the socket are damaged. To remove a PGA protective
socket, refer to Figure B–5 and follow these steps:
1. Place a proper (nonmetallic) socket removal tool between the socket and the
probe adapter board. Figure B–5 shows an AMP PGA removal tool.
CAUTION. Do not use a screwdriver to remove the protective socket from the
probe adapter board. You can easily damage the etched runs on the board.
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PGA socket
Figure B–5: Removing a PGA protective socket
Appendix B: Maintenance
PGA socket
removal tool
2. Push down on the handle of the tool until the socket begins to separate from
the probe adapter board pins.
CAUTION. Do not completely pry off one side of the protective socket and then the
other. Applying uneven pressure can damage the socket’s pins. Do not use board
components as leverage to remove the socket.
3. Perform step 2 on all sides of the socket. Use even pressure alternately on all
sides until the socket is loose.
4. Remove the socket from the board.
To replace the PGA protective socket, follow these steps:
1. Spray an electrical contact lubricant on the probe adapter socket so the
replacement socket can be easily inserted.
2. Check that the pins of the new socket are straight.
3. Place the socket on the pins of the probe adapter board aligning pin A1 with
pin A1; make sure that all pins line up correctly.
4. Press the socket onto the board by applying equal pressure on two opposed
sides of the socket.
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Appendix B: Maintenance
DIP Protective Sockets
You should not have to remove the replaceable protective socket on the probe
adapter unless the pins on the socket are damaged. To remove the DIP protective
socket, refer to Figure B–6 and follow these steps:
CAUTION. Do not use a screwdriver to remove the protective socket from the
probe adapter board. You can easily damage the etched runs on the board.
1. Place a fiber alignment tool between the socket and the probe adapter board.
CAUTION. Do not completely pry off one side of the protective socket and then the
other. Applying uneven pressure can damage the socket’s pins. Do not use board
components as leverage to remove the socket.
2. Press down on the handle of the tool until the socket begins to separate from
the probe adapter board pins.
Dip socket
Fiber alignment tool
Figure B–6: Removing a DIP protective socket
3. Perform step 2 on all sides of the socket. Use even pressure alternately on all
sides until the socket is loose.
4. Remove the socket from the board.
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Appendix B: Maintenance
To replace the DIP protective socket, follow these steps:
1. Check that the pins on the new socket are straight.
2. Place the socket on the pins of the probe adapter board; make sure that all
pins line up correctly.
3. Press the socket onto the board by applying equal pressure on two opposed
sides of the socket.
ZIF Protective Sockets
You should not have to remove the ZIF socket on the probe adapter unless the
pins on the socket are damaged. To remove the socket, refer to Figure B–7 and
follow these steps:
1. Place a fiber alignment tool between the ZIF socket and the PGA socket on
the probe adapter board as shown in Figure B–7.
CAUTION. Do not use a screwdriver to remove the protective socket from the
probe adapter board. You can easily damage the etched runs on the board.
Fiber alignment tool
ZIF socket
Figure B–7: Removing a ZIF protective socket
2. Press down on the handle of the tool until the socket begins to separate from
the probe adapter board pins.
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Appendix B: Maintenance
CAUTION. Do not completely pry off one side of the ZIF socket and then the other.
Applying uneven pressure can damage the socket’s pins. Do not use board
components as leverage to remove the socket.
3. Perform step 2 on all sides of the socket. Use even pressure alternately on all
sides until the socket is loose.
4. Remove the socket from the board.
To replace the ZIF socket, follow these steps:
1. Spray an electrical contact lubricant on the PGA socket on the probe adapter
so the ZIF socket can be easily inserted.
2. Check that the pins of the new socket are straight.
3. Align pin A1 on the ZIF socket with pin A1 on the PGA socket; make sure
all pins and corresponding pin holes line up correctly.
4. Press the ZIF socket onto the board by applying equal pressure on two
opposed sides of the socket.
Replacing the Fuse
If the probe adapter board contains a fuse and it opens, you can replace it with an
equivalent part by comparing the description as shown in the Replaceable
Electrical Parts or the Replaceable Parts chapter in the support instruction
manual.
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Glossary
92A96
The 96-channel, 8K memory, 100 MHz data acquisition module.
92A96D
The 96-channel, 32K memory, 100 MHz data acquisition module.
92A96XD
The 96-channel, 128K memory, 100 MHz data acquisition module.
92A96SD
The 96-channel, 512K memory, 100 MHz data acquisition module.
92A96UD
The 96-channel, 2M memory, 100 MHz data acquisition module.
92C96
The configurable 96-channel, 8K memory, 100 MHz data acquisition module.
This module can be easily upgraded for a memory depth of 32K, 128K or 512K.
92C96D
The configurable 96-channel, 32K memory, 100 MHz data acquisition module.
This module can be easily upgraded for a memory depth of 128K or 512K.
92C96SD
The 96-channel, 512K memory, 100 MHz data acquisition module.
92C96XD
The configurable 96-channel, 128K memory, 100 MHz data acquisition module.
This module can be easily upgraded for a memory depth of 512K.
92S16
The 16-channel, 50 MHz algorithmic pattern generator module. The 92S16
can be used as a stand-alone stimulation source or linked with a 92S32
module and a data acquisition module to provide a test system for debugging
and verifying components, boards, and systems.
92S32
The 32-channel, 50 MHz RAM-based sequential pattern generator module.
The 92S32 can be used as a stand-alone stimulation source or linked with a
92S16 module and a data acquisition module to provide a test system for
debugging and verifying components, boards, and systems.
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Glossary–1
Glossary
Acquisition
The capturing of data from a system under test by a logic analyzer. Data is
conditionally stored in acquisition memory in preparation for formatting by
the user. (Data might be clocked into the logic analyzer, yet qualified out
before it can be stored in acquisition memory.) You can use the Trigger menu
of the acquisition module to specify whether or not data is stored.
Acquisition Memory Sequence
A single sample of acquired data to which a unique identification number is
assigned. As data is acquired, each sample is assigned a consecutive
sequence number.
Algorithmic Pattern Generator
A programmable pattern generator (like the 92S16) that provides storage for
data vectors and control flow instructions. Algorithmic pattern generators can
be programmed to branch, loop, and perform subroutine calls. By using
internal registers and control flow instructions, algorithmic pattern generators
can use a relatively small vector memory and still provide an unlimited
number of vectors. The 92S16 algorithmic pattern generator can also perform
conditional branches based on signals received from the SUT. This glossary
includes an entry for the 92S16 module.
Busform
A symbolic display of a group of signals, such as an Address bus (the
Address channel group), in the Timing menu containing bus values instead of
individual timing waveforms.
Cluster
A group of modules started and stopped as a unit. You can use the system
Configuration menu to create clusters.
Channel Group
Channels assigned to be a group. The group is named and acquired data
displays in the State and Disassembly menus under a column bearing the
name of the group.
Clock Qualifier
An external signal that acts as a gate for the acquisition clock. When the
external signal is false, the acquisition clock is not allowed to load acquired
data into the acquisition memory.
Correlation
The tracking of independent events captured by different acquisition modules
and indicating how they relate to each other in time. Specifically, the chronological interleaving of data from different acquisition modules into a single display.
Shows real-time interactions between independently clocked circuits.
Glossary–2
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Custom Clocking
Each microprocessor support software offers a microprocessor-specific
clocking mode called Custom. This clocking mode is the default selection
whenever you select XXX Support in the 92A96 Configuration menu, where
XXX represents the name of your support, for example P54C.
Data Qualification
The process of filtering out data that has been acquired but which you do not
want to store in acquisition memory. This allows you to avoid filling up your
module’s acquisition memory with irrelevant data samples.
Data Sample
A data sample contains one bit for every channel. In asynchronous mode, data is
sampled at a clock rate internal to the logic analyzer. In synchronous mode, data
is sampled at a clock rate external to the logic analyzer, usually the clock rate of
the system under test. In microprocessor-specific mode, the clocking state
machine of the acquisition module generates one master sample for each bus
cycle, no matter how many clock cycles are contained in the bus cycle.
Demultiplex
To identify and separate multiplexed signals (for example, Address and Data
signals). To separate different signals sharing the same line and organize
those signals into useful information.
Glossary
Disassembly Display Menu
A display format for data acquired from a microprocessor or a data bus (for
example, SCSI). A logic analyzer disassembles acquired data and displays it
as bus cycle types and instruction mnemonics.
Don’t Care Character
A symbol (X) used in place of a numeric character to indicate that the value
of a channel or character is not to be considered.
Edge
A signal transition from low to high, or high to low.
Glitch
A signal that makes a transition through the threshold voltage two or more
times between successive sample clocks. Signals that are faster than the
sampling rate, such as noise spikes or pulse ringing, can be captured by a
logic analyzer as glitches (only applicable to asynchronous acquisitions).
Glitch Latch
If the transition appears between samples, the logic analyzer samples the
event and it is stored on the next clock. No special indicator is used to
identify the glitch; it is displayed as normal data.
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Glossary–3
Glossary
Glitch Trigger
Even though the logic analyzer can acquire a glitch, it does not provide a
word recognizer specifically for glitches. If you can determine the value of
the glitch latched as data, you can set up the logic analyzer to trigger on it.
External Clock
A clock external to the logic analyzer and usually synchronous with the
system under test.
Instruction
A command fetched by a microprocessor; the most atomic part of executable
code.
Internal Clock
A clock internal to the logic analyzer and asynchronous with the system
under test. You can choose a clock rate from a range of selections.
Microprocessor Support
An optional microprocessor or bus support consisting of disassembler
software and usually a probe adapter that allows the logic analyzer to acquire
and disassemble data from a microprocessor- or bus-based system.
Mnemonic
The name of an executed instruction from a microprocessor (such as BR for
Branch instruction) or for a bus cycle type that results from an instruction
(such as MEM READ for a memory read cycle).
Module
A single acquisition module (96-channels) or a variable-width acquisition
module (192- or 288-channels). Each type of module acts as a unit and gives
you full use of all instrument functions.
Multiplex
Signals that share the same input or output lines, such as Address and Data
signals.
Numeric Radix
A format that allows you to define the base of the numeric display of data.
The base can be binary, octal, hexadecimal, decimal, or ACSII characters.
Overlay
A temporary display that partially covers the currently displayed menu; you
can open an overlay by selecting a function key.
Pattern Generator
A module that outputs binary data at specified time intervals. The logic
analyzer offers both 16- and 32-channel wide pattern generators. This
glossary includes entries for the 92S16 and 92S32 modules.
Glossary–4
Basic Operations on a DAS or TLA 500 Series Logic Analyzer User Manual
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Podlet
A circuit contained in a flexible lead and attached to a probe that provides
square-pin connections to the system under test for one clock or data
acquisition channel and a ground pin.
Probe
An input (acquisition) device, constructed as a separate unit. The device
transmits the input signal from the system under test to the logic analyzer.
Probe Adapter
A microprocessor-specific piece of hardware that allows you to connect
clock and channel acquisition probes to signals from a microprocessor in a
system under test, for example, the P54C probe adapter.
Protocol
A set of characters at the beginning and end of a message that enables one
machine (computer) to communicate with another.
Sequential Pattern Generator
A programmable pattern generator (such as the 92S32) that features a very
deep vector memory and sequential operation. Data vectors entered into the
top of memory will be output first, followed sequentially by each successive
vector to the end of memory. This glossary includes an entry for the 92S32
module.
Glossary
Scrolling
A method of positioning a portion of a data display too lengthy to be
contained on the screen in its entirety.
Split-screen
A feature available in some display menus that lets you divide the screen
display area into two data windows (split either horizontally or vertically).
Each window has its own cursor and can display its own source of data and
its own display type.
State
A trigger specification term. Only one state (or step) in a trigger specification
program is active at any one time. Usually expressed in the form of an
if...then construction.
State Display Menu
Numeric or symbolic representation of data states; acquired data displays as
numeric values such as binary, octal, hexadecimal, or as symbolic values.
Storage Qualification
The process of filtering out data that has been acquired but which you do not
want to store in acquisition memory. This allows you to avoid filling up your
module’s acquisition memory with irrelevant data samples.
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Glossary–5
Glossary
SUT
The system under test is referred to as the SUT. The SUT is the circuit from
which the logic analyzer acquires data.
Symbolic Radix
A format that allows the you to substitute mnemonics (alpha-numeric names)
for numeric values. You can enter your own mnemonics for a channel group
into the Symbol Editor menu. The logic analyzer will replace channel group
values throughout the menu structure with these assigned symbolic values.
Timestamp
A separate clock value stored with each acquisition cycle. Provides performance analysis features and time correlation for multiple acquisition
memories and timing measurements.
Timing Display Menu
Graphic representation of data states and timing relationships as digital
(two-state) waveforms or as busforms.
Trigger
Determines which block of the sampled data is stored in memory. It
establishes a reference point in the acquired data around which pre- and
post-trigger data points are included in the acquisition memory.
Variable-Width Module
The configuration of two 96-channel acquisition modules into a 192-channel
module, or three acquisition modules into a 288-channel module.
X
The “don’t care” character.
Glossary–6
Basic Operations on a DAS or TLA 500 Series Logic Analyzer User Manual
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Index
Numbers
192-Channel High-Density probe
connecting acquisition probes, 10
disconnecting cables, B–2
92A96, Glossary–1
92A96D, Glossary–1
92A96SD, Glossary–1
92A96UD, Glossary–1
92A96XD, Glossary–1
92C96, Glossary–1
92C96D, Glossary–1
92C96SD, Glossary–1
92C96XD, Glossary–1
92S16, Glossary–1
92S32, Glossary–1
A
about this manual set, vi
accessories, 2
acquiring data, 36
acquisition, Glossary–2
acquisition difficulties, A–1
acquisition memory sequence, Glossary–2
acquisition module, Glossary–4
acquisition probe, vertical dimension, 5
Address group
display column, 15
displaying symbolically, 20
algorithmic pattern generator, Glossary–2
application
disk, 8
loading, 9
B
busforms, 31, Glossary–2
C
channel groups, 12, Glossary–2
displaying symbolically, 20
Channel setup menu, 12
clock qualifier, Glossary–2
clocking
Custom, 12, 41, Glossary–3
External, 41, Glossary–4
Internal, 41, Glossary–4
cluster, Glossary–2
conditional jumps, 16
Control Flow display format, 16
Control group display column, 16
cooling requirements, 5
correlation, Glossary–2
Custom clocking, 12, 41, Glossary–3
D
DAS/TLA 500 Series, configuration for the support, 2
data
acquiring, 36
disassembly formats, 15, 36
Control Flow, 16
Hardware, 15
Software, 16
Subroutine, 17
Display Mode field, 18
state, 32, 43
timing, 31, 42
Data group, display column, 15
data qualification, 14, Glossary–3
data sample, Glossary–3
data searches
comparison types
Equal, 25
Ignore, 28
In, 25
Not Eq, 25
Not In, 25
Not T ext, 28
T ext, 25
entering string, 27
example in the Mnemonic group, 31
special characters, 26
Substring, 27
Whole String, 27
Word, 27
delimiters, 26
mnemonic types, 28
modes
Equal, 23
Ignore, 23
Not Equal, 23
numeric radices, 24
Basic Operations on a DAS or TLA 500 Series Logic Analyzer User Manual
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Index–1
Index
radices
numeric, 24
symbolic
pattern, 24
range, 24
search types
acquisition, 22
both acquisition and disassembly, 22
how algorithms are applied, 22
disassembly, 22
variables by group, 22
default changes, affect on disassembly, 12
DEFINE FORMAT function key, 16
DEFINE SEARCH function key, 16
DELETE FORMAT function key, 19
delimiters, disassembly data search, 26
demonstration reference memory, 1
viewing, 39
demultiplex, Glossary–3
Disasm Across Gaps field, 19
disassembled data, viewing, 36
disassembler
changes that affect it, 12
DAS/TLA 500 Series configuration, 2
definition, vii
setup, 12
Disassembly Format Definition overlay, 17
Disassembly menu, 14, Glossary–3
disassembly problems, A–2
Disassembly Search Definition overlay, 21
disconnecting probes, B–4
disk drive, 9
display
Disassembly menu, Glossary–3
split-screen, Glossary–5
State menu, Glossary–5
Timing menu, Glossary–6
display formats
Control Flow, 16
Hardware, 15
Software, 16
special characters, 14
Subroutine, 17
Display Mode field, 18
display options, common, 17
Don’t Care character, Glossary–3
E
edge, Glossary–3
error messages, A–1
ESCAPE & CANCEL function key, 19, 30
exception vectors, 20
EXIT & SAVE function key, 19, 30
External clocking, 41, Glossary–4
F
floppy disk drive, 9
function keys
Disassembly Format Definition overlay
DELETE FORMAT, 19
ESCAPE & CANCEL, 19
EXIT & SAVE, 19
RESTORE FORMAT , 19
SAVE FORMAT, 19
Disassembly menu
DEFINE FORMAT, 16
DEFINE SEARCH, 16
MARK DATA, 16
SEARCH BACKWARD, 16
SEARCH FORWARD, 16
SPLIT DISPLAY, 16
Disassembly Search Definition overlay
ESCAPE & CANCEL, 30
EXIT & SAVE, 30
LOAD FROM CURSOR, 30
SWITCH TO INSERT, 31
fuse, replacing, B–13
G
gaps
disassembly across, 19
highlighting, 19
in acquired data, 14
general purpose analysis, 40
glitch, Glossary–3
glitch latch, Glossary–3
glitch trigger, Glossary–4
Group Name field, 19
Group Radix field, 19
groups, search types, 22
H
Hardware display format, 15
Highlight field, 19
Highlight Gaps field, 19
highlighting
disassembled data, 19
gaps, 19
Index–2
Basic Operations on a DAS or TLA 500 Series Logic Analyzer User Manual
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Index
I
installing hardware. See connections
installing the software, 8
instruction, Glossary–4
Internal clocking, 41, Glossary–4
items needed to operate product, 1
L
labels, slot number, 7
LA-OffLine, 1
leads (podlets). See connections
LOAD FROM CURSOR function key, 30
loading, electrical, 5
loading the support software, 9
logic analyzer, configuring
one acquisition module, 6
two or three acquisition modules, 6
M
manual, conventions, vii
manual set, how to use, vi
Mark Cycle function key, 17
MARK DATA function key, 16
marking cycles
definition of, 17, 37
placing a mark, 37
undoing a mark, 37
menus
Disassembly, 14
State, 32, 43
Timing, 31, 42
microprocessor support, Glossary–4
DAS/TLA 500 Series configuration, 2
mnemonic, Glossary–4
Mnemonic display column, 16
module, Glossary–4
variable-width, Glossary–6
module setup, 12
modules, cluster, Glossary–2
multiplex, Glossary–4
N
overlay , Glossary–4
P
P54C, used as an example, vii
pattern generator, Glossary–4
podlets, Glossary–5
removing and replacing, B–5
printing data
disassembled, 39
state, 43
timing, 43
probe, Glossary–5
probe adapter, Glossary–5
cleaning, B–1
clearance, 10
configuring, 9
cooling, 5
disconnecting cables, B–2
electrical loading, 5
placing the microprocessor in, 10
replacing the fuse, B–13
probes, disconnecting, B–4
protective socket, replacing
DIP, B–11
PGA, B–9
ZIF, B–12
protocol, Glossary–5
Q
qualification
data, Glossary–3
storage, Glossary–5
R
radix
numeric, Glossary–4
symbolic, Glossary–6
reference memory, demonstration, 1, 39
removing marks, 38
replaceable socket. See protective socket
requirements and restrictions, general, 5
RESTORE FORMAT function key, 19
numeric radix, Glossary–4
S
O
Options, 2
Basic Operations on a DAS or TLA 500 Series Logic Analyzer User Manual
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sample, data, Glossary–3
SAVE FORMAT function key, 19
scrolling, Glossary–5
Index–3
Index
scrolling through data, 37
SEARCH BACKWARD function key, 16
SEARCH FORWARD function key, 16
Search T ype field, 22
search types, 22
searching through data
disassembled, 38
disassembly, 21
state, 43
timing, 43
sequence, acquisition memory, Glossary–2
sequential pattern generator, Glossary–5
service information, B–1
setups, support software, 12
signal leads, replacing, B–5
slot number labels, 7
sockets, removing and replacing, B–9
software
disk, 8
installing, 8
loading, 9
setup, 12
Software display format, 16
Software Support field, 9
special characters, displayed, 14
specifying the trigger, 13
SPLIT DISPLAY function key, 16
split-screen display, Glossary–5
splitting the display, 38
state, trigger specification, Glossary–5
State menu, 32, 43, Glossary–5
state/timing split-screen display, 33
storage qualification, Glossary–5
Subroutine display format, 17
SUT, Glossary–6
cooling, 5
definition, vii
SWITCH TO INSERT function key, 31
Symbol Table field, Disassembly display, 19
symbol tables, 13
copying and editing, 34
symbolic radix, Glossary–6
symbolic values
displaying channel groups, 20
used for triggering, 35
T
terminology, vii
timestamp, Glossary–6
definition of selections, 18
Disassembly Format Definition overlay, 18
Timestamp field, 18
timing analysis, 41
timing data, viewing, 42
Timing Format Definition file
changing the supplied file, 43
selecting the supplied file, 42
supplied, 31
Timing menu, 31, 42, Glossary–6
timing/state split-screen display, 33
TLA 510 and TLA 520, vii
trigger, Glossary–6
triggering, 35, 42
U
undoing a marked cycle, 37
V
variable-width module, 6
variable-width module, Glossary–6
viewing data
disassembled, 15, 36
state, 32, 43
timing, 31, 42
X
X, Glossary–6
Index–4
Basic Operations on a DAS or TLA 500 Series Logic Analyzer User Manual
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