Tektronix DAC-02 Users Guide

DAC-02

User’s Guide

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

WARRANTY

Hardware

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants that, for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment (3 years for Models 2000,
2001, 2002, 2010 and 2700), the Keithley Hardware product will be free from defects in materials or workmanship. This
warranty will be honored provided the defect has not been caused by use of the Keithley Hardware not in accordance with
the instructions for the product. This warranty shall be null and void upon: (1) any modification of Keithley Hardware that
is made by other than Keithley and not approved in writing by Keithley or (2) operation of the Keithley Hardware outside
of the environmental specifications therefore.

Upon receiving notification of a defect in the Keithley Hardware during the warranty period, Keithley will, at its option,
either repair or replace such Keithley Hardware. During the first ninety days of the warranty period, Keithley will, at its
option, supply the necessary on site labor to return the product to the condition prior to the notification of a defect. Failure
to notify Keithley of a defect during the warranty shall relieve Keithley of its obligations and liabilities under this
warranty.

Other Hardware

The portion of the product that is not manufactured by Keithley (Other Hardware) shall not be covered by this warranty,
and Keithley shall have no duty of obligation to enforce any manufacturers' warranties on behalf of the customer. On those
other manufacturers’ products that Keithley purchases for resale, Keithley shall have no duty of obligation to enforce any
manufacturers’ warranties on behalf of the customer.

Software

Keithley warrants that for a period of one (1) year from date of shipment, the Keithley produced portion of the software or
firmware (Keithley Software) will conform in all material respects with the published specifications provided such Keithley
Software is used on the product for which it is intended and otherwise in accordance with the instructions therefore.
Keithley does not warrant that operation of the Keithley Software will be uninterrupted or error-free and/or that the Keithley
Software will be adequate for the customer's intended application and/or use. This warranty shall be null and void upon any
modification of the Keithley Software that is made by other than Keithley and not approved in writing by Keithley.

If Keithley receives notification of a Keithley Software nonconformity that is covered by this warranty during the warranty
period, Keithley will review the conditions described in such notice. Such notice must state the published specification(s)
to which the Keithley Software fails to conform and the manner in which the Keithley Software fails to conform to such
published specification(s) with sufficient specificity to permit Keithley to correct such nonconformity. If Keithley deter­mines that the Keithley Software does not conform with the published specifications, Keithley will, at its option, provide
either the programming services necessary to correct such nonconformity or develop a program change to bypass such
nonconformity in the Keithley Software. Failure to notify Keithley of a nonconformity during the warranty shall relieve
Keithley of its obligations and liabilities under this warranty.

Other Software

OEM software that is not produced by Keithley (Other Software) shall not be covered by this warranty, and Keithley shall
have no duty or obligation to enforce any OEM's warranties on behalf of the customer.

Other Items

Keithley warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes,
and documentation.

Items not Covered under Warranty

This warranty does not apply to fuses, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from
normal wear or failure to follow instructions.

Limitation of Warranty

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification made by Purchaser without Keithley's express
written consent, or by misuse of any product or part.

Disclaimer of Warranties

EXCEPT FOR THE EXPRESS WARRANTIES ABOVE KEITHLEY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT­ABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEITHLEY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
RESPECT TO THE OTHER HARDWARE AND OTHER SOFTWARE.

Limitation of Liability

KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS SHALL IN NO EVENT, REGARDLESS OF CAUSE, ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR
OR BE LIABLE FOR: (1) ECONOMICAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR
EXEMPLARY DAMAGES, WHETHER CLAIMED UNDER CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY,
(2) LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO THE CUSTOMER'S DATA OR PROGRAMMING, OR (3) PENALTIES OR PENALTY
CLAUSES OF ANY DESCRIPTION OR INDEMNIFICATION OF THE CUSTOMER OR OTHERS FOR COSTS, DAM­AGES, OR EXPENSES RELATED TO THE GOODS OR SERVICES PROVIDED UNDER THIS WARRANTY.

Keithley Instruments, Inc.

Sales Offices: BELGIUM: Bergensesteenweg 709 • B-1600 Sint-Pieters-Leeuw • 02-363 00 40 • Fax: [phone]

CHINA: Yuan Chen Xin Building, Room 705 • 12 Yumin Road, Dewai, Madian • Beijing 100029 • 8610-6202-2886 • Fax: [phone]
FINLAND: Tietäjäntie 2 • 02130 Espoo • Phone: [phone] • Fax: [phone]
FRANCE: 3, allée des Garays • 91127 Palaiseau Cédex • 01-64 53 20 20 • Fax: [phone]
GERMANY: Landsberger Strasse 65 • 82110 Germering • 089/84 93 07-40 • Fax: [phone]
GREAT BRITAIN: Unit 2 Commerce Park, Brunel Road • Theale • Berkshire RG7 4AB • 0118 929 7500 • Fax: [phone]
INDIA: Flat 2B, Willocrissa • 14, Rest House Crescent • Bangalore 560 001 • 91-80-509-1320/21 • Fax: [phone]
ITALY: Viale San Gimignano, 38 • 20146 Milano • 02-48 39 16 01 • Fax: [phone]
JAPAN: New Pier Takeshiba North Tower 13F • 11-1, Kaigan 1-chome • Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0022 • 81-3-5733-7555 • Fax: [phone]
KOREA: 2FL., URI Building • 2-14 Yangjae-Dong • Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137-888 • 82-2-574-7778 • Fax: [phone]
NETHERLANDS: Postbus 559 • 4200 AN Gorinchem • 0183-635333 • Fax: [phone]
SWEDEN: c/o Regus Business Centre • Frosundaviks Allé 15, 4tr • 169 70 Solna • 08-509 04 679 • Fax: [phone]
SWITZERLAND: Kriesbachstrasse 4 • 8600 Dübendorf • 01-821 94 44 • Fax: [phone]
TAIWAN: 1FL., 85 Po Ai Street • Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. • 886-3-572-9077• Fax: [phone]

28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: [phone]

1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) • www.keithley.com

4/02

DAC-02 User’s Guide

Revision B - July 1994

Part Number: 61740

New Contact Information

Keithley Instruments, Inc.

28775 Aurora Road

Cleveland, OH 44139

Technical Support: 1-888-KEITHLEY

Monday – Friday 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m (EST)

Fax: [phone]

Visit our website at http://www.keithley.com

S

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation.
Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations
where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety
precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information
carefully before using the product. Refer to the manual for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product may be impaired.
The types of product users are:

Responsible body

the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately
trained.

Operators

of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel

the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the manual. The proce­dures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform safe installations and repairs of products. Only

properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.
Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Installation Category I and Installation

Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most mea­surement, control, and data I/O signals are Installation Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage
or to voltage sources with high transient over-voltages. Installation Category II connections require protection for high
transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data
I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the Manual.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or
test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels
greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present.

age is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that
operators are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be ex­posed to potential human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from
the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts,

may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance
limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards,
install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect
the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that

use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use

perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting

afety Precautions

A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous volt-

no conductive part of the circuit

5/02

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main
input power disconnect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the
operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the cir­cuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting
or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as in­stalling or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth)
ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the
voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions or the
safety of the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and op­erating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground con-

nections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation re-

quires the use of a lid interlock.

If or is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.

!

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined
effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these
voltages.

The

WARNING

associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.
The

CAUTION

the warranty.
Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.
To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits, including the power

transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with applicable
national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety related
may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that selected parts
should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you
are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do
not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist
of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never
require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected,
the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the

heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate

The information contained in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Keithley
Instruments, Inc., assumes no responsibility for its use or for any infringements of patents or other rights
of third parties that may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any
patent rights of Keithley Instruments, Inc.

KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., SHALL NO T BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENT AL,
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RELATED TO THE USE OF THIS PRODUCT. THIS
PRODUCT IS NOT DESIGNED WITH COMPONENTS OF A LEVEL OF RELIABILITY
SUITABLE FOR USE IN LIFE SUPPORT OR CRITICAL APPLICATIONS.

Refer to your Keithley Instruments license agreement and Conditions of Sale document for specific
warranty and liability information.

MetraByte is a trademark of Keithley Instruments, Inc. All other brand and product names are
trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

© Copyright Keithley Instruments, Inc., 1984, 1994.

All rights reserved. Reproduction or adaptation of any part of this documentation beyond that permitted
by Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without permission of the Copyright owner is
unlawful.

Keithley MetraByte Division

Keithley Instruments, Inc.

440 Myles Standish Blvd. Taunton, MA 02780

FAX: [phone]

Telephone: [phone]

●

Table of Contents

Preface

1

Overview

Features and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1

Supporting Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

Functional Description

2

Setup and Installation

3

Unpacking and Inspecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1

Installing the Software Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

Configuring the Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

Installing the Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5

4

Cabling and Wiring

Attaching an STA-U. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2

Selecting Output Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2

Using the 4 to 20 mA Current Loop Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

Using an AC Reference (Digital Attenuator). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

The Control Panel

5

Programming

6

I/O Address Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-1

Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2

Programming Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-3

Calibration

7

Equipment Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1

Calibration Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1

iii

Troubleshooting

8

Problem Isolation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-1

Identifying Symptoms and Possible Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-1

Testing the Board and Host Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-4

Testing the Accessory Slot and I/O Connections . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-5

A

Specifications

B

Connector Pin Assignments

Index

List of Figures

Figure 2-1. Block Diagram of DAC-02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Figure 3-1. Base Address Switch Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

Figure 4-1. Pin Assignments for the Main I/O Connector . . . . 4-1

Figure 4-2. Attaching an STA-U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Figure 4-3. 4 to 20 mA Current Loop Output Configuration. . 4-4

Figure 4-4. 4 to 20 mA Current Output (Floating Load) . . . . . 4-4

Figure 4-5. 4 to 20 mA Current Output (Grounded Load). . . . 4-5

Figure 4-6. DAC-02 Equivalent Circuit when Using an

AC Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5

Figure B-1. Main I/O Connector Pin Assignments. . . . . . . . . B-1

List of Tables

Table 3-1. Values of Base Address Switch Positions. . . . . . .3-3

Table 3-2. Standard Address Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Table 4-1. Pin Wiring for Output Ranges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2

Table 6-1. DAC-02 Register I/O Address Map . . . . . . . . . . .6-1

Table 6-2. DAC Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2

Table 8-1. Troubleshooting Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-2

Table A-1. DAC-02 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

Table A-2. Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2

Table A-3. Power Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2

iv

Preface

The

DAC-02 User’s Guide

installation, interface requirements, functions, and operation of the
DAC-02 board. This guide focuses primarily on describing the board and
its capabilities, setting up the board and its associated software, making
typical hookups, and operating the Control Panel software. There are also
chapters on calibration and troubleshooting. To follow the information
and instructions contained in this manual, you must be familiar with the
operation of an IBM
MS-DOS® or Windows™ environments. You must also be familiar with
data acquisition principles and applications.

The

DAC-02 User’s Guide

●

Chapter 1 describes features, accessories, and software options of the
board.

Chapter 2 summarizes operating features of the board. This chapter

●

contains a block diagram and brief descriptions of the features as they
relate to your options for setting up and using the boards.

is intended to help you understand the

®

PC/XT™, PC AT®, or compatible computer in the

is organized as follows:

●

Chapter 3 contains instructions for inspection, software installation,
configuration, and board installation.

Chapter 4 shows the preferred methods for making I/O (input/output)

●

connections, using the available accessories and cables.

●

Chapter 5 provides starting instructions and a brief description of the
Control Panel program.

Chapter 6 provides an I/O address map, programming information,

●

and programming examples.

v

Chapter 7 discusses calibration requirements and the calibration

●

program.

●

Chapter 8 contains information on isolating and determining the
source of operating problems. This chapter also contains instructions
for obtaining technical support.

Appendix A contains specifications for the DAC-02 board.

●

●

Appendix B contains pin assignments for the main I/O connector of
the DAC-02 board.

●

An index completes the manual.

vi

The DAC-02 is a 2-channel, 12-bit analog output board packaged in a
5-inch, half-slot length suitable for an accessory slot of an IBM PC/XT,
PC AT, or compatible computer. This chapter lists features and
applications of the board and describes supporting software and
accessories.

Features and Applications

Features of the DAC-02 are as follows:

Two analog output channels

●

●

12-bit resolution

1

Overview

0 to 5, 0 to 10, ±5, and ±10 V output ranges

●

4 to 20 mA current-loop (sink) capability

●

●

Software for configuration, calibration, test, and operation

Typical applications for the DAC-02 are as follows:

Servo control

●

●

Programmable amplifier
12-bit resolution voltage source

●

Function generator

●

1-1

Supporting Software

The software package for the DAC-02 is provided on 3.5-inch or

5.25-inch diskettes. This package includes example programs in
Microsoft® QuickBasic™ 4.5, Microsoft Professional BASIC, C, Pascal,
and Microsoft Visual Basic™ for Windows™. The package also includes
support files and the following utility programs:

Accessories

Configuration Utility

●

- This utility (CFG02.EXE) is a configuration

program for setting the base address of the DAC-02.

Calibration Utility

●

- This utility (CAL02.EXE) is a program for

calibrating and testing the DAC-02.

Control Panel

●

- The Control Panel is a stand-alone program
(CTL02W.EXE) supplied for Windows. This program provides
access to all DAC-02 board operations without programming. The
Control Panel is a means of testing the board and your application; it
is also a means of performing simple applications. Refer to Chapter 5
for more information about the Control Panel.

●

PORTIO.DLL

- A DLL (Dynamic Link Library) providing I/O
functions to users of Visual Basic for Windows and any other
languages that can access a DLL. PORTIO.DLL is an aid for writing
Windows-based application programs. The full purpose and use of
PORTIO.DLL are discussed in the accompanying file, PORTIO.TXT.

The following accessories are available for use with the DAC-02:

●

STA-U

- Screw terminal accessory that enables all signals of the
DAC-02 to be accessible through screw-terminal connections. Use a
K-1800 cable to connect this accessory to the DAC-02.

●

K-1800

- An 18-inch ribbon cable terminated at each end with a

25-pin, female, type D connector.

1-2 Overview

2

Functional Description

This chapter describes the features of the DAC-02 board to familiarize
you with the operating options and to enable you to make the best use of
your board. Figure 2-1 shows a block diagram of the DAC-02 board.

V Ref

Base Address

Select

Address
Decoder

IBM PC Bus

Figure 2-1. Block Diagram of DAC-02

Bus

Interface

DAC

0

DAC

1

−10 V

−5 V

0 Ref In
Bipolar Output

Unipolar Output
Current Loop 0

1 Ref In
Bipolar Output

Unipolar Output
Current Loop 1

2-1

The DAC-02 board consists of two separate, double-buffered, 12-bit,
multiplying DACs (digital-to-analog converters) and interface circuitry.

The DA Cs can operate as conventional D/A (digital-to-analog) converters
if they are used with a fixed DC reference. Using the DACs with the
onboard fixed DC references of

−

5 V and −10 V pro vides output ranges as

follows:

●

0 to 10 V

●

0 to 5 V
±5 V

●

±10 V

●

●

4 to 20 mA current loop (sink)

Alternatively, the DACs can operate as multiplying D/A con verters if the y
are used with a variable or AC reference. As multiplying D/A conveters,
the DAC outputs are the product of reference and digital inputs. With an
AC reference, the unipolar outputs provide 2-quadrant multiplication, or
the bipolar outputs provide 4-quadrant operation. With an AC reference,
the DACs also maintain 12-bit accuracy up to 1 kHz.

2-2 Functional Description

Setup and Installation

This chapter contains instructions for installing the DAC-02 board. The
installation task includes three basic steps: unpacking and inspecting the
board, setting the configuration switches and jumpers, and installing the
board in the computer. These steps are described in the sections that
follow.

Unpacking and Inspecting

3

Caution:

damage certain electrical components on any circuit board. Before
handling any board, discharge static electricity from yourself by touching
a grounded conductor such as your computer chassis (your computer
must be turned off) or by wearing an anti-static strap. Whenever you
handle a board, hold it by the edges and avoid touching any board
components.

Use the following procedure to unwrap and inspect a DAC-02 board.

1. Factory packaging of the DAC-02 board includes a final wrap of

2. Inspect the board for signs of damage. If damage is apparent, arrange

A discharge of static electricity from your hands can seriously

protective, anti-static material. Remove the board from its anti-static
wrapping material. You may wish to store the wrapping material for
possible future use.

to return the board to the factory (see “Technical Support” on page
8-5).

3-1

3. Check the remaining contents of your package against the packing list
to be sure your order is complete. Report any missing items,
immediately.

4. When you are satisfied with the inspection, proceed with the software
and hardware setup instructions.

Installing the Software Package

Before you work with the DAC-02 software, copy the software package
diskette either to your computer hard drive or to another diskette. If you
copy the software to your computer hard drive, make a new directory to
contain the software, such as
backup.

DAC02

. Store the original diskette as a

After you copy the software package, read the text file
familiarize yourself with the contents of the package. Note that the
Windows program CTL02W.EXE, the
operation of your DAC-02. If you plan to use the Control Panel, read the
text file
PORTIO.DLL to write applications in Visual Basic for Windows for
operation of your DA C-02, read the text file
and for prototypes of I/O functions.

README.TXT

Configuring the Board

The base address is specified through a switch setting. This switch is
located as shown in Figure 3-1.

Note:

direction, it has zero value. For example, Figure 3-1 shows the switch
positions set for a value of 300h or 768 decimal.

When a position of the base address switch is set in the ON

FILES.TXT

Control Panel

for installation instructions. If you plan to use the

PORTIO.TXT

, is available for the

for information

to

3-2 Setup and Installation

Base Address

Switch

O
N

1 2 3 4 5 6

7

Figure 3-1. Base Address Switch Location

The base address switch is preset at the factory for 300h (see Figure 3-1).
Check this setting against the needs of your application to be sure you
have no conflicts. If the factory-set base address conflicts with the address
of another device in your system, use the program CFG02.EXE to
determine the settings for a new address. Table 3-1 lists the values for
each position of the base address switch.

Table 3-1. Values of Base Address Switch Positions

Value When Switch Is Off

Switch

Position

Address

Line

Decimal Hexadecimal

1 A9 512 200
2 A8 256 100
3 A7 128 80
4A6 64 40
5 A5 32 20
6A4 16 10
7 A3 8 8

3-3

The address you specify must be within the range of 200 to 3F8h (512 to
1008 decimal) and on a 8-byte boundary. When selecting a base address,
do not select an address that conflicts with those already in use. Table 3-2
lists standard address assignments and their corresponding devices.

Table 3-2. Standard Address Assignments

Address
(Hexadecimal) Device

000 - 0FF Internal I/O 378 - 37F Printer
100 - 1FF Undecoded 380 - 389 Binary comm. 2
200 - 20F Joy stick Port 380 - 38C SDLC comm.
210 - 217 Expansion unit 390 - 39F Available
218 - 21F Available 3A0 - 3A9 Binary comm.
220 - 24F Reserved 3AA - 3AF Available
250 - 277 Available 3B0 - 3BF Mono disp./printer
278 - 27F Reserved 3C0 - 3CF Reserved
280 - 2EF Available 3D0 - 3DF Color/graphics
2F0 - 2F7 Reserved 3E0 - 3E7 Reserved
2F8 - 2FF Com2: 3E8 - 3EF Available
300 - 31F Available 3F0 - 3F7 Floppy disk
320 - 32F Fixed disk 3F8 - 3FF Com1:
330 - 377 Available — —

Address
(Hexadecimal) Device

3-4 Setup and Installation

Installing the Board

Caution:

your computer.

Use the following steps to install a DAC-02 board in an accessory slot of
your computer:

1. Turn off power to the computer and all attached equipment.

2. Remove the computer chassis cover.

3. Select an unoccupied accessory slot, and remove the corresponding

4. Insert and secure the board in the selected slot.

5. Replace the computer cover.

You are now ready to attach accessories or other external connections to
the board, as described in Chapter 4.

Installing or removing a board while power is on can damage

blank plate from the I/O connector panel.

3-5

4

Cabling and Wiring

This chapter shows the attachments you can add to the main I/O
connector of your DA C-02 board. The main I/O connector of the DAC-02
is a 25-pin, D-type. Pin assignments for this connector are shown in
Figure 4-1.

Caution:

To avoid electrical damage, turn off power to the computer and

any attached accessories before making connections to a DAC-02 board.

Dig. Com. - 01

Low

Level

Grounds

Figure 4-1. Pin Assignments for the Main I/O Connector

Note:

The +5 V power from the computer is supplied on pin 13. If you

02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12

+5 V - 13

14 - −10 V Reference
15 - −5 V Reference
16 - DAC 1 Reference Input
17 - DAC 1 Bipolar Output
18 - DAC 1 Unipolar Output
19 - DAC 1 4 to 20 mA Output
20 - −10 V Reference
21 - −5 V Reference
22 - DAC 0 Reference Input
23 - DAC 0 Bipolar Output
24 - DAC 0 Unipolar Output
25 - DAC 0 4 to 20 mA Output

use this power, avoid shorting or overloading the computer power supply.

4-1

Attaching an STA-U

To attach an STA-U accessory to the DAC-02, use a K-1800 cable, as
shown in Figure 4-2.

DAC-02 board

Figure 4-2. Attaching an STA-U

Selecting Output Ranges

You select the output range of each DAC by jumpering pins on the mating
connector for the main I/O connector or on the STA-U. The mating
connector is a male DB25P solder-cup type (Keithley MetraByte part
number SMC-25). Select the ranges according to the pin wiring in Table
4-1.

K-1800

cable

STA-U

Table 4-1. Pin Wiring for Output Ranges

Range DAC # Jumper Pins Output

0 to 5 V 0

0 to 10 V 0

±5 V 0

4-2 Cabling and Wiring

21 to 22

1

15 to 16
20 to 22

1

14 to 16
21 to 22

1

15 to 16

Pin 24
Pin 18

Pin 24
Pin 18

Pin 23
Pin 17

Table 4-1. Pin Wiring for Output Ranges (cont.)

Range DAC # Jumper Pins Output

±10 V 0

4 to 20 mA 0

AC Reference 0

1

1

1

20 to 22
14 to 16

21 to 22
15 to 16

In on pin 22
In on pin 22

In on pin 16
In on pin 16

Pin 23
Pin 17

Pin 25
Pin 19

Pin 24 (2-quadrant)
Pin 23 (4-quadrant)

Pin 18 (2-quadrant)
Pin 17 (4-quadrant)

Low-level ground connections can be made to any of pins 2 to 12.

Data coding for unipolar outputs 0 to 5 V, 0 to 10 V, and 4 to 20 mA is true
binary. Because of the analog inversion in bipolar outputs ±5 V and
±10 V, data coding is complementary offset binary (that is, zero
corresponds to +full-scale analog, and 4095 corresponds to -full-scale
analog).

Using the 4 to 20 mA Current Loop Output

The 4 to 20 mA current loop output consists of a precision current sink,
formed by a VMOS power FET, and a reverse-protection diode, as shown
in Figure 4-3.

4-3

Unipolar
Output

4 to 20 mA Output
Pins 19 and 25

+

−

4 mA

LL GND
Pins 2 to 12

Figure 4-3. 4 to 20 mA Current Loop Output Configuration

You must maintain a minimum of 8 V across this output circuit to ensure
correct operation. The maximum voltage should not exceed 36 V to stay
within power-dissipation capabilities. A 24 or 36 V supply is ideal.
Figures 4-4 and 4-5 shows two ways of connecting the process loop. The
floating-load way allows additional loops to be powered by the same
supply but constrains the load to 2-wire floating.

DAC-02

4 to 20 mA

R

L

Loop

Supply

To
Other
Loops

+

−

LL GND

Figure 4-4. 4 to 20 mA Current Output (Floating Load)

4-4 Cabling and Wiring

DAC-02

4 to 20 mA

LL GND

+

Floating

Supply

Figure 4-5. 4 to 20 mA Current Output (Grounded Load)

Using an AC Reference (Digital Attenuator)

In addition to its uses as a standard DC output DAC, the DAC-02 can be
used with a bipolar or AC reference signal. Figure 4-6 shows the
equivalent circuit for the board when used in this mode.

−

R

L

V

REF

R

2R
S1

Data Latches and Switch Drivers

R

2R

S2

2R
S3

−

+

2R

R

R

R

2R
S12

2R

2R

−

+

Figure 4-6. DAC-02 Equivalent Circuit when Using an AC Reference

Bipolar
Output

Unipolar
Output

4-5

The customary terminology for operation of a DAC-02 differs when you
use an AC reference. If you take the output from the unipolar terminals,
you get 2-quadrant operation because the reference, which may be
positive or negati v e, is multiplied with a signal that is positi ve only. If you
take the output from the bipolar terminals, the offset digital input can
effectively be positive or negative, which together with the positive and
negative states of the reference results in 4-quadrant operation.

Two other parameters are of interest in AC operation. The first parameter
is feedthrough, the amount of residual signal at digital zero. Feedthrough,
which is mainly a function of stray capacitance, rises with frequency. At
10 kHz, feedthrough is typically 5 mV peak-to-peak with a ±5 V
reference.

The second parameter, which is a limit at a lower frequency, is the
accuracy/frequency characteristic. Because of distributed capacitance in
the R-2R ladder network, the full 12-bit performance of the DAC falls off
as the frequency rises. Above about 1 kHz, the dynamic performance of
the DAC is less than 12 bits of accuracy.

The DAC-02 performs well in synchro-digital and resolver applications
for sine/cosine generation with a 400 Hz reference.

4-6 Cabling and Wiring

5

The Control Panel

The Control Panel is a utility program (CTL02W.EXE) for testing the
functions of your DAC-02 boards in the Windows environment. This
program is a part of the DAC-02 software package.

To use the Control Panel, perform the following steps:

1. Start the Control Panel from the W indo ws en vironment by clicking on
Run in the File menu of the Program Manager and making the
following entry in the Command Line dialogue box:

path\

CTL02W

Use the Browse option to determine the path.

2. To configure the base address and DAC output ranges, select Config
from the Control Panel menu.

3. To set up and perform an analog output operation, select Output from
the Control Panel menu. When the Control Panel displays the Output
menu, select Single to display the Single Point Output or Multiple to
display Multiple Point Output setup panel for your entries.

4. To obtain information on the setup and performance of an operation,
use the Help option in the Control Panel menu. To obtain information
on DAC-02 board functions and parameters, refer to Chapter 2.

5. When you finish using the Control Panel, select Close to terminate the
program.

5-1

You can operate the DAC-02 by writing I/O commands in programming
languages such as BASIC, QuickBasic, C, and Pascal. This chapter
provides the register-le v el programming information you need for writing
these I/O commands.

I/O Address Map

The DAC-02 uses eight consecutive addresses in the I/O address space of
the computer. The board’s base address (Base Address +0h) determines
where the registers of the board are located in the I/O space. Table 6-1 is a
map of the DAC-02 register I/O addresses.

6

Programming

Table 6-1. DAC-02 Register I/O Address Map

I/O Address Function I/O Address Function

Base Address +0h DAC 0 low byte Base Address +4h DAC 0 low byte
Base Address +1h DAC 0 high byte Base Address +5h DAC 0 high byte
Base Address +2h DAC 1 low byte Base Address +6h DAC 1 low byte
Base Address +3h DAC 1 high byte Base Address +7h DAC 1 high byte

Base addresses +4h to +7h are redundant; they repeat the pattern of the
first four addresses and can be ignored during programming.

6-1

Data Format

The 12-bit data is written to each DAC in two consecutive bytes. The first
byte contains the four LSBs (least significant bits) of data. The second
byte contains the eight MSBs (most significant bits) of data. The format
of this data is shown in Table 6-2.

Table 6-2. DAC Data Format

Address D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

Low byte (Base
Address
+Even)

High byte
(Base Address
+Odd)

Notes

1

x = value irrelevant

B9
(LSB)

B1
(MSB)B2(MSB)B3(MSB)B4(MSB)B5(MSB)B6(MSB)B7(MSB)B8(MSB)

B10
(LSB)

B11
(LSB)

B12
(LSB)

1

x

xxx

The least significant byte is usually written first and is stored in an
intermediate DA C re gister, having no effect on the output. When the most
significant byte is written, its data is added to the stored data from the
least significant byte and presented

broadside

to the DAC, thus assuring a

single-step update. This process is known as double-buffering.

For 8-bit operation, first write zero to the low byte, then perform all
further operations with the high byte only.

Assembly language programmers should note that if data is left-justified,
16-bit output operations can be used (for example, OUT, DX, AX), as the
data sequence is conventional Intel low/high byte.

6-2 Programming

Programming Examples

The following example sho ws ho w to output data in B ASIC. The e xample
is in BASIC but translates readily into other programming languages.
Since the DACs have 12-bit resolution, data D should be in the range 0 to
4095 decimal. First, split the data into the two bytes DL% (low) and DH%
(high), as follows:

05 DH% = INT(D/16) ’Generate high byte
10 DL% = D - 16*DH% ’Derive remainder in low byte
20 DL% = 16* DL% ’Shift low nibble four places
30 ’ left

Next write the data to the DAC. The example uses DAC 0 with a base
address of 300h.

40 OUT &H300, DL% ’Low byte
50 OUT &H301, DH% ’High byte and load

An assembly language routine is even simpler. Assume AX contains the
data and DX has the base address. Use the following statements to write
to DAC 0:

MOV CL,4 ;Set up for four left shifts
SAL AX,CL ;Left justify data
OUT DX,AX ’Write to DAC 0

6-3

Your DAC-02 board is initially calibrated at the factory. You are advised
to check the calibration of a board periodically. For laboratory
environments, a 6-month to 1-year calibration interval is recommended.
For extremes of temperature, vibration, and humidity, a 3-month
calibration interval is recommended. This chapter provides the
information you need to calibrate a DAC-02 board.

Equipment Requirements

The equipment requirements for calibrating a DAC-02 board are as
follows:

7

Calibration

●

A digital voltmeter accurate to 6 1/2 digits, such as a Keithley
Instruments Model 199

An STA-U accessory with K-1800 cable or a user-designed interface

●

Calibration Program

To facilitate calibration, the DAC-02 software package contains a
menu-driven calibration and test program (CAL02.EXE). Using this
program steps you through all the calibration requirments. Each of the
potentiometers shown in the program is clearly marked on the board.

If you are unable to calibrate the board or correct faulty performance,
refer to Chapter 8.

7-1

Problem Isolation

8

Troubleshooting

If your DAC-02 board is not operating properly, use the information in
this chapter to isolate the problem. If the problem appears serious enough
to warrant technical support, refer to “Technical Support” on page 8-5 for
information on how to contact an applications engineer.

If you encounter a problem with a DAC-02 board, use the instructions in
this section to isolate the cause of the problem before calling Keithley
MetraByte Hardware Applications Engineering.

Identifying Symptoms and Possible Causes

Use the troubleshooting information in Table 8-1 to try to isolate the
problem. Table 8-1 lists general symptoms and possible solutions for
problems with DAC-02 boards.

8-1

Table 8-1. Troubleshooting Information

Symptom Possible Cause Possible Solution

Board does not
respond

Intermittent
operation

Base address is incorrect or not
consistent with what the program
is addressing.

The board is incorrectly aligned
in the accessory slot.

The board is damaged. Contact the Keithley MetraByte

The most common cause of this
problem is that the I/O bus speed
is in excess of 8 MHz.

Vibrations or loose connections
exist.

Check the base-address-switch setting
on the board against the setting shown in
the configuration utility. If the base
address is set correctly, make sure no
other computer device is using any of
the I/O locations beginning at the
specified base address. If necessary,
reconfigure the base address. Refer to
page 3-3 for instructions on setting the
base address.

Check the board for proper seating.

Hardware Applications Engineering
Department; see page 8-5.

Reduce I/O bus speed to a maximum of
8 MHz (to change the I/O bus speed, run
BIOS setup). See your computer
documentation for instructions on
running BIOS setup.

Cushion source of vibration and tighten
connections.

The board is overheating. Check environmental and ambient

temperature. See the documentation for
your computer.

Electrical noise exists. Provide better shielding or reroute

unshielded wiring.

8-2 Troubleshooting

Table 8-1. Troubleshooting Information (cont.)

Symptom Possible Cause Possible Solution

Output voltage does
not match input data

Computer does not
boot.

System lockup A timing error occurred. Press

The most common cause of this
problem is that the I/O bus speed
is in excess of 8 MHz.

An open connection exists. Check wiring to screw terminal.

Another system resource is using
the specified base address.

Board not seated properly. Check the installation of the board.

The base address setting of the

DAC-02

of another system resource.

The power supply of the host
computer is too small to handle
all the system resources.

board conflicts with that

Reduce I/O bus speed to a maximum of
8 MHz (to change the I/O bus speed, run
BIOS setup). See the documentation for
your computer for instructions on
running BIOS setup.

Reconfigure the base address of the

DAC-02

more information. Check the I/O
assignments of other system resources
and reconfigure, if necessary.

Check the base address settings of your
system resources; each address must be
unique.

Check the needs of all system resources
and obtain a larger power supply.

board; refer to page 3-3 for

[Ctrl] + [Break]

.

If your board is not operating properly after using the information in
Table 8-1, continue with the next two sections to further isolate the
problem.

8-3

Testing the Board and Host Computer

To isolate the problem to the DAC-02 board or to the host computer,
perform the following steps:

1. Turn the power to the host computer OFF, and remove power
connections to the computer.

Caution:

your board and/or computer.

2. While keeping connections to any accessory intact, unplug the
accessory connector or cable from the DAC-02 board.

3. Remove the DAC-02 board from the computer and visually check for
damage. If a board is obviously damaged, refer to “Technical
Support” on page 8-5 for information on returning the board.

4. With the DAC-02 board out of the computer, check the computer for
proper operation. Power up the computer and perform any necessary
diagnostics.

At this point, if you have another DAC-02 board that you know is
functional, you can test the slot and I/O connections using the instructions
in the next section. If you do not have another board, refer to the
instructions on page 8-5 before calling Keithley Technical Support.

Removing a board with the power ON can cause damage to

Testing the Accessory Slot and I/O Connections

To test the computer accessory slot and the I/O connections, perform the
following steps:

1. Remove computer power again, and install a DAC-02 board that you
know is functional. Do not make any I/O connections.

2. Turn computer power ON and check operation with the functional
board in place. This test checks the computer accessory slot. If you
were using more than one DAC-02 board when the problem occurred,
use the functional board to test the other slot, as well.

8-4 Troubleshooting

3. If the accessory slots are functional, use the functional board to check
the I/O connections. Reconnect and check the operation of the I/O
connections, one at a time.

4. If operation fails for an I/O connection, check the individual inputs
one at a time for shorts and opens.

5. If operation remains normal to this point, the problem is in the
DAC-02 board(s) originally in the computer. If you were using more
than one board, try each board one at a time in the computer to
determine which is faulty.

6. If you cannot isolate the problem, refer to the next section for
instructions on obtaining assistance.

Technical Support

Before returning any equipment for repair, call the Keithley Applications
Engineering Department at:

1-888-KEITHLEY

Monday - Friday, 8:00

A.M.

- 5:00

, Eastern Time

P.M.

An applications engineer will help you diagnose and resolve your
problem over the telephone.

8-5

Please make sure that you have the following information available before
you call:

DAC-02 Board
Configuration

Computer

Operating System

Software package

Model
Serial #
Revision code
Base address setting
Number of channels

Manufacturer
CPU type
Clock speed (MHz)
KB of RAM
Video system
BIOS type

DOS version
Windows version
Windows mode

Name
Serial #
Version
Invoice/Order #

___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________

___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________

___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________

___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________

Compiler
(if applicable)

Accessories

Language
Manufacturer
Version

Type
Type
Type
Type

___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________

___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________

If a telephone resolution is not possible, the applications engineer will
issue you a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and ask you to
return the equipment. Include the RMA number with any documentation
regarding the equipment.

8-6 Troubleshooting

When returning equipment for repair, include the following information:

●

Your name, address, and telephone number.

●

The invoice or order number and date of equipment purchase.

A description of the problem or its symptoms.

●

The RMA number on the outside of the package.

●

Repackage the equipment, using the original anti-static wrapping, if
possible, and handling it with ground protection. Ship the equipment to:

Attn: RMA #___________

Repair Department

Keithley Instruments, Inc.

28775 Aurora Road

Cleveland, OH 44139

Telephone 1-888-KEITHLEY

FAX [phone]

Notes:

If you are submitting your equipment for repair under warranty,

you must include the invoice number and date of purchase.

To enable Keithley Metrabyte to respond as quickly as possible, you must
include the RMA number on the outside of the package.

8-7

Specifications

This appendix provides specifications for the DAC-02 board.

Table A-1. DAC-02 Specifications

Feature Specification

Channels 2
Resolution 12 bits (1 part in 4096 decimal)
Relative accuracy 1/2 LSB (0.01%) maximum
Differential linearity 1/2 LSB maximum
Fixed reference ranges 0 to 5 V (unipolar)

0 to 10 V (unipolar)
±5 V (bipolar)
±10 V(bipolar)
4 to 20 mA current loop

A

Variable reference
ranges

Reference input
resistance

Voltage output
characteristics

4 to 20 mA current loop
compliance

±10 V (2- or 4-quadrant)

7 kΩ minimum, 11 kΩ typical, 20 kΩ
maximum

Drive current: ±5 mA minimum

Output impedance: < 0.1 Ω maximum
8 to 36 V

A-1

Table A-2. Environmental Specifications

Feature Specification

Temperature coefficient
of gain

Zero drift ±3 ppm/˚ C
Operating temperature

range
Storage temperature

range
Humidity 0 to 95% noncondensing
Weight 4 oz. (120 gm)

±25 ppm/˚ C (with reference)
±5ppm/˚ C (external reference)

0 to 70˚ C

−

55 to +125˚ C

Table A-3. Power Specifications

Feature Specification

+5 V supply 75 mA typical; 100 mA maximum
+12 V supply 15 mA typical; 25 mA maximum

−

12 V supply 25 mA typical; 35mA maximum

Power dissipation 0.85 W typical

A-2 Specifications

B

Connector Pin Assignments

The connection between an external I/O device and a DAC-02 board is
made at the main I/O connector, which is a standard 25-pin, D-type male
connector. The mating connector is a 25-pin, D-type female connector.
Figure B-1 illustrates pin assignments of the main I/O connector.

Dig. Com. - 01

Low

Level

Grounds

Figure B-1. Main I/O Connector Pin Assignments

02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12

+5 V - 13

14 - −10 V Reference
15 - −5 V Reference
16 - DAC 1 Reference Input
17 - DAC 1 Bipolar Output
18 - DAC 1 Unipolar Output
19 - DAC 1 4 to 20 mA Output
20 - −10 V Reference
21 - −5 V Reference
22 - DAC 0 Reference Input
23 - DAC 0 Bipolar Output
24 - DAC 0 Unipolar Output
25 - DAC 0 4 to 20 mA Output

B-1

Index

A

F

FILES.TXT

3-2

accessory, STA-U
anti-static wrapping material
Applications Engineering Department
attaching, STA-U

1-2

3-1

4-2

B

base address switch
block diagram

3-3

2-1

C

cable, C-1800
cabling and wiring
calibration utility
configuration utility
connector, 37-pin female type D
Control Panel utility

1-2

4-1

1-2, 7-1

1-2

1-2

1-2, 5-1

8-5

I

I/O address map
I/O commands
installing a DDA-06 board

6-1

6-1

K

K-1800 cable

1-2, 4-2

L

list, packing

3-2

M

main I/O connector

B-1

3-5

D

data format
diagram, block

6-2

2-1

E

equipment requirements
examples, programming

7-1
6-3

P

packing list
pin assignments
PORTIO.DLL
PORTIO.TXT
problem isolation
programming examples

3-2

B-1
1-2
3-2

8-1

6-3

X-1

R

W

README.TXT
register I/O addresses
returning equipment

8-6

RMA
RMA number

3-2

6-1

8-6

8-6

S

setup panel

configuration
multiple point output

single point output
software package
specifications

DAC

A-1

environmental

power
static electricity
STA-U accessory
switch, base address
switch and jumper locations

A-2

5-1

5-1

5-1

1-2, 3-2

A-2

3-1

1-2

3-3

3-2

warranty repairs

8-7

T

Technical Support
troubleshooting

8-5

8-1

U

unpacking and inspecting
utility

calibration

configuration

Control Panel

PORTIO.DLL

X-2 Index

1-2

1-2

1-2

1-2

3-1

Specifications are subject to change without notice.
All Keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of Keithley Instruments, Inc. All other trademarks and

trade names are the property of their respective companies.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: [phone]

1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) • www.keithley.com

Sales Offices: BELGIUM: Bergensesteenweg 709 • B-1600 Sint-Pieters-Leeuw • 02-363 00 40 • Fax: [phone]

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© Copyright 2001 Keithley Instruments, Inc.

Printed in the U.S.A.

4/02