xx
CT-1 and CT-2
ZZZ
Current Transformer
Instructions
*P070795702*
070-7957-02
xx
CT-1 and CT-2
ZZZ
Current Transformer
Instructions
www.tektronix.com
070-7957-02
Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries
or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions.
Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication
supersedes that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved.
TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.
Contacting Tektronix
Tektronix, Inc.
14200 SW Karl Braun Drive
P.O. B o x 5 0 0
Beaverto
USA
For product information, sales, service, and technical support:
n, OR 97077
In North America, call 1-800-833-9200.
Worl dwid e, vis it www.tektronix.com to find contacts in your area.
Warranty
Tektronix warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1)
year from the date of shipment. If any such product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its
option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement
in exchange for the defective product. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty
work may be n
the property of Tektronix.
ew or reconditioned to like new performance. All replaced parts, modules and products become
In order to o
the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Customer shall be responsible
for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, with shipping
charges prepaid. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within
the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping
charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations.
This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate
maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage
result
b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage
or malfunction caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modified or
integrated with other products when the effect of such modification or integration increases the time or difficulty
of servicing the product.
THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT IN LIEU OF A NY
OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
TRONIX’ RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE
TEK
AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY.
TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS
ADVANCE NOTICE O F THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
[W2 – 15AUG04]
btain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of
ing from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product;
Table of Contents
General Safety Summary .......................................................................................... ii
Compliance Information .......................................................................................... iv
Safety Compliance............................................................................................ iv
Environmen
Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1
Description ............... ................................ ................................ ........................... 2
Operation ..................... ................................ .................................. ..................... 4
Installing the CT-1 or CT-2 . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ... . . . .... . ..... . ..... . ..... . 4
Injecting Current Signals................................. ................................ ..................... 5
Low Freq
Probe Handling................................................................................................. 7
Specifications ............ ................................ .................................. ......................... 9
Replaceable Parts List........................... ................................ .................................. 11
Parts Ordering Information .................................................................................. 11
Using the Replaceable Parts List............................................................................ 11
aceable Parts List........................ ................................ ................................ 12
Repl
tal Considerations ...... ................................ .................................. ....... v
uency Response.............................. ................................ ....................... 6
CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions i
General Safety Summary
General Safet
To Avoid Fi
re or Personal
Injury
ySummary
Review the fo
this product or any products connected to it.
To avoid pot
Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures.
Connect and Disconnect Properly. Do not connect or disconnect probes or test
leads while they are connected to a voltage source.
Connect and Disconnect Properly. De-energize the circuit under test before
connecting or disconnecting the current probe.
Observe All Terminal Ratings. To avoid fire or shock hazard, observe all ratings
and markings on the product. Consult the product manual for further ratings
information before making connections to the product.
Connect the probe reference lead to earth ground only.
Do not apply a potential to any terminal, including the common terminal, that
exceeds the maximum rating of that terminal.
Do not connect a current probe to any wire that carries voltages above the current
probe voltage rating.
llowing safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to
ential hazards, use this product o nly as s pecified.
Do Not Operate Without Covers. Do not operate this product with covers or panels
removed.
Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures. If you suspect that there is damage to this
product, have it inspected by qualified service personnel.
Avoid Exposed Circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and components
when powe r is present.
Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions.
Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere.
Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry.
ii CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions
General Safety Summary
Terms in this Manual
Symbols and Terms on the
Product
These terms may
WAR NI NG . Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result
in injury or loss of life.
CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in
damage to this product or other property.
These terms may appear on the product:
DANGER in
the marking.
WARNING
read the marking.
CAUTIO
The following symbol(s) may appear on the product:
appear in this manual:
dicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read
indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you
N indicates a hazard to property including the product.
CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions iii
Compliance Information
Compliance In
Safety Compliance
EC Declaration of
Conformity – Low Voltage
Additional Compliances
Equipment Type
formation
This section
instrument complies.
Compliance was demonstrated to the following specification as listed in the
Official Journal of the European Communities:
Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC.
EN 61010-1: 2001. Safety requirements for electrical equipment for
measurement control and laboratory use.
IEC 6101
measurement, control, and laboratory use.
Test and measuring equipment.
lists the safety and environmental standards with which the
0-1: 2001. Safety requirements for electrical equipment for
Pollution Degree
Description
Pollution Degree
Ameas
and within a product. Typically the internal environment inside a product is
considered to be the same as the external. Products should be used only in the
environment for which they are rated.
Pollution Degree 2 (as defined in IEC 61010-1). Note: Rated for indoor use only.
ure of the contaminants that could occur in the environment around
Pollution Degree 1. No pollution or only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs.
Products in this category are generally encapsulated, hermetically sealed, or
located in clean rooms.
Pollution Degree 2. Normally only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs.
Occasionally a temporary conductivity that is caused by condensation must
be expected. This location is a typical office/home environment. Temporary
ondensation occurs only when the product is out of service.
c
Pollution Degree 3. Conductive pollution, or dry, nonconductive pollution
that becomes conductive due to condensation. These are sheltered locations
where neither temperature nor humidity is controlled. The area is protected
from direct sunshine, rain, or direct wind.
Pollution Degree 4. Pollution that generates persistent conductivity through
conductive dust, rain, o r snow. Typical outdoor locations.
iv CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions
Compliance Information
Environmenta
l Considerations
Product End-of-Life
Handling
Restriction of Hazardous
Substances
This section provides information about the environmental impact of the product.
Observe the following guidelines when recycling an instrument or component:
Equipment Recycling. Production of this equipment required the extraction and
use of natural resources. The equipment may contain substances that could be
harmful to
end of life. In order to avoid release of such substances into the environment and
to reduce the use of natural resources, we encourage you to recycle this product
in an appropriate system that will ensure that most of the materials a re reused or
recycled appropriately.
This product has been classified as Monitoring and Control equipment, and is
outside the scope of the 2002/95/EC RoHS Directive.
the environment or human health if improperly handled at the product’s
This sym
Union requirements according to Directives 2002/96/EC and 2006/66/EC
on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and batteries. For
informa
Tektronix Web site (www.tektronix.com).
bol indicates that this product compl ies with the applicable European
tion about recycling options, check the Support/Service section of the
CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions v
Compliance Information
vi CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions
Introduction
The CT-1 and CT-2 are high-frequency, bidirectional current probes. The CT-1 is
a 1 GHz current probe and the CT-2 is a 200 MHz current probe. Each current
probe comes with a P6041 probe cable to allow you to connect directly to an
oscilloscope to take measurements.
Figure 1: CT-1 current probe
WAR NI NG . To avoid electric shock, do not exceed the bare wire voltage ratings
(30 VAC or 42 Vpk). Depending on which instrument the CT-1 or CT-2 is
connected to, the exposed current transformer case metal may be floating
(elevated above earth potential). Whenever possible, connect the mounting stud
to earth ground.
The chassis ground symbol (
exposed current transformer case metal may not be connected to earth ground.
Use caution when the probe is not grounded.
The CT-1 and CT-2 are available as separately purchased u nits (Option 09). The
Replaceable Parts List contains ordering information. (See page 11.)
This manual provides information on four subjects:
Description
Operation
Specifications
placeable Parts List
Re
) as shown on the product indicates that the
CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions 1
Description
Description
The CT-1 (1 GHz) and CT-2 (200 MHz) are current probes designed for either
permanent or temporary installation in the device-under-test (DUT). These
probes are pa
circuitry with minimum circuit loading. Due to bidirectional compatibility, the
CT-1 and CT-2 can be used to inject a signal or as an interstage transformer.
The probes inductively measure current through a conductor and develop a
voltage proportional to the current. For each mA of input current the signal
terminal develops 5 mV (CT-1) or 1 mV (CT-2) when properly terminated into
50 Ω. The sensitivity of the CT-1 is 5 mV/mA (200 μA/mV) and the CT-2 is
1 mV/mA (1 mA/mV) when properly terminated into 50 Ω.
Since the CT-1 and the CT-2 are dynamic current probes (non-DC), the presence
of DC current affects their performance. The following figures show the influence
of DC cur
This response was obtained with the + side of the CT-1 facing the signal source
(preferred connection above 800 MHz).
rticularly useful for measuring high-frequency currents in solid state
rent on frequency response.
Figure 2: CT-1 frequency response vs. DC current
2 CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions
Description
This response w
(preferred connection).
Figure 3
The CT-1
attaches between the transformer and the oscilloscope. In addition, the CT-1 and
CT-2 have an internal termination resistor that reduces reflections that allows the
transformer to be disconnected from the probe cable and left in the circuit. The
following figure shows a simplified circuit of the CT-1 and CT-2.
: CT-2 frequency response vs. DC current
as obtained with the + side of the CT-2 facing the signal source
and CT-2 consist of a current transformer and a flexible probe cable that
Figure 4: CT-1 and CT-2 simplified circuit
CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions 3
Operation
Operation
This section
probing, and provides information on safety and product care.
WARNING. To avoid electric shock, do not exceed the bare wire voltage ratings
(30 VAC, 42 Vpk). Depending on which instrumenttheCT-1orCT-2isconnected
to, the exposed current transformer case metal may be floating (elevated above
earth potential). Whenever possible, connect the mounting stud to earth ground.
The chassis ground symbol (
exposed current transformer case metal may not be connected to earth ground.
Use caution when the probe is not grounded.
InstallingtheCT-1orCT-2
The CT-1 or CT-2 transformers can be attached to the chassis or circuit board
to measure current in transistors, diodes, or other components. Any number of
transformers can be used.
When observing the output of a CT-1 or CT-2 transformer, ensure it is terminated
into 50 Ω. If the oscilloscope input is not 50 Ω, use a suitable matching terminator
(see
figure shows the output of the CT-1 compared with the input pulse from a 250 ps
fast-rise pulse generator and the output of the CT-2 as seen by a 100 MHz
oscilloscope system.
describes how to install the CT-1 or CT-2, discusses low-frequency
) as shown on the product indicates that the
recommended accessories in the Replaceable Parts List). The following
Figure 5: CT-1 and CT-2 output waveforms
4 CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions
Operation
If the CT-1 or CT
source, the input current and output voltage are in phase. This is the preferred
connection. For pulses w ith a risetime slower than 1 ns, the CT-1 or CT-2 may be
connected in either polarity.
The voltage on the signal wire must be limited to 30 VAC or 42 Vpk. Voltage
ratings apply to insulated and non-insulated conductors.
WAR NI NG . To reduce risk of electric shock, use only insulated conductors with
these probes on circuits with voltages above 30 VAC or 42 Vpk. These probes are
not rated f
WAR NI NG . To reduce risk of electric shock and fire, do not connect or disconnect
the curr
output terminal are not insulated. Always remove power before you connect or
disconnect the CT-1 or CT-2 to or from the DUT.
NOTE. An insulated conductor is any conductor that is surrounded by an
insulating material that is capable of isolating the voltage present o n the
conductor. Lacquer coatings like those typically found on transformer windings
do not provide sufficient, reliable insulation for use with current probes. The
lacquer coating can be easily nicked or damaged, which compromises the
insu
ent probe to the DUT with the circuit energized. The metal stud and
lating capabilities of the lacquer coating.
-2 is connected so that the positive (+) label side faces the signal
or bare wire voltages above 30 VAC or 42 Vpk.
Injecting Current Signals
When injecting AC current into a single conductor, the current probe acts as the
primary winding and the conductor acts as the secondary winding of a transformer.
1. Signal generator
2. Current probe primary
3. Circuit under test (secondary)
4. To circuit under test
CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions 5
Operation
Passingawireo
ne time through the transformer core results in a single turn
secondary. To generate larger secondary signals, pass the wire through the
transformer core multiple times.
To calculate how much voltage to apply to the CT-1 probe to inject a desired
amount of current, multiply the desired current to be injected by 5. For the CT-2
the voltage to apply is equivalent to the desired current. For example, if you want
to inject a 50 MHz signal that is 30 mA
toapplyis30×5=150mV
with a CT-2
, the amount of voltage to apply is 30 mV
. If you want to inject this same 30 mA
P-P
using the CT-1, the amount of voltage
P-P
signal
P-P
.
P-P
WARNING. To reduce risk of shock, ground the metal mounting stud.
WARNING. To reduce risk of RF burns, connect the probe to the circuit and signal
source before yo
u apply the stimulus signal.
CAUTION. Toreduceriskoffire and prevent damage to the probe, do not exceed
the maximum in
jection voltage of 7 V
p-p
.
Low Frequency Response
The low-frequency response of the current transformer is proportional to the
inductance of the transformer windings. A DC component in the current being
measured tends to reduce this inductance. (See Figure 2.) (See Figure 3.)
You can also see this effect in the time domain. The pulse tilt is increased in the
presence of significant DC current. (See Figure 6.) The DC current required to
increase the tilt by a factor of two is about 0.3 A. Pulse currents that start at zero
and remain
Figure 6 : CT-1 decay characteristics referenced to front corner
unidirectional have a DC component that the user should consider.
6 CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions
Operation
When droop is pr
esent at low frequencies, the apparent overall peak-to-peak
height from top to bottom is not the true current. The height of a flat-top pulse still
can be measured accurately by observing the transition edge of the pulse. The
50 mA pulse is faithfully reproduced at the high-to-low transition at the center
of the screen. (See Figure 7.)
Pulse width, tilt, and the lower 3 dB frequency are related by the formula:
Percent tilt = 200π Tp f
1
Where:
Tp = pulse w
f
= lower 3 dB frequency
1
idth
Probe Handling
Figure 7: CT-2 decay characteristics referenced to transition
Additional consideration needs to be given to the amp-second rating of the
sformer. The product of the pulse current and the pulse duration should be less
tran
than the amp-second rating to keep the transformer core from saturating. When
saturation occurs, the output voltage falls to zero.
Only normal handling considerations are necessary with the CT-1 and CT-2
transformers. They are sealed units and are not designed to be disassembled. If
the transformer or cable is damaged, return it to Tektronix for replacement.
CAUTION. Dropping the CT-1 or CT-2 transformer may break the probe. Do not
ull or stretch the P6041 cable or place objects on the cable. This may damage
p
the probe cable.
CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions 7
Operation
8 CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions
Specifications
The following table lists the electrical characteris tics of the CT-1 and CT-2
Transformers when they are connected to the P6041 Probe cable.
Table 1: Ele
Specification CT-1 with P6041 Probe CT-2 with P 6041 Probe
Sensitivity 5 mV/mA, ±3% into a 50 Ω load 1 mV/mA, ±3% into a 50 Ω load
Pulse Resp
L/R time c
Insertion Impedance
Freque
DC component of current (See
Figure 2.) (See Figure 3.)
Turns Ratio 1:5 1:25
Capacitive Loading #14 bare wire: typically 1.5 pF
Maximum Bare Wire Voltage
(uninsulated)
nal Delay (with P6041 Probe
Sig
Cable)
fect of Direct Current (See
Ef
Figure 5.) (See Figure 6.)
Amp × Second Rating
Pulse Current Rating
RMS Current Rating
Maximum Injection Voltage 7 V
Signal Connector Amphenol Sub-Minax #27-3 Amphenol Sub-Minax #27-3
ctrical characteristics
onse
onstant
ncy Response, affected by
Rise time: < 0.35 ns, 10% to 90%
Aberrations: < 5% as seen by a 1 GHz
system
Approximately 5 μs Approximately 125 μs
50 Ω term
approximately 5 mH
Unterminated: 2 Ω shunted by approximately
5mH
25 kHz t
#20 bare wire: typically 0.6 pF
30 VAC
42 Vp
App
points on leading edge of the current step
and output voltage
CT
Approximately 0.3 A
af
A·μs
1
When this product is exceeded, the core
saturates and the CT-1 output drops to zero
12 A 36 A
0.5Amaximum 2.5Amaximum
ination: 1 Ω shunted by
o1GHz
k
roximately 2.8 ns measured from 50%
-1 Transformer only: 0.4 ns
increases decay by
DC
actor of 2
p-p
Rise time: < 0.5 ns, 10% to 90%
Aberrations: + 4%, -8% as seen by a
200 MHz sy
50 Ω term
approximately 5 mH
Unterminated: 0.08 Ω shunted by
approxi
1.2 kHz to 200 MHz
#16 bare wire: typically 1.8 pF
#22 bare wire: typically 0.7 pF
30 VAC
42 Vp
App
points on leading edge of the current step
and output voltage
-2 Transformer only: 0.3 ns
CT
Approximately 0.3 A
actor of 2
af
0A·μs
5
When this product is exceeded, the core
saturates and the CT-2 output drops to zero
7V
p-p
stem
ination: 0.04 Ω shunted by
mately 5 mH
k
roximately 5.8 ns measured from 50%
increases decay by
DC
CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions 9
Specifications
Table 2: Genera
Environmenta
Temperature
Humidity
Altitude
Mechanica
Dimensions
l
l
lspecifications (CT-1 and CT-2)
Operating: –1
Nonoperating: -51 °C to + 71 °C (-60 °F to +160 °F)
Operating:
5% to 95% RH (relative humidity) at up to +30 °C (+86 °F),
5% to 60% RH a
Nonoperating:
5% to 95% RH (relative humidity) at up to +30 °C (+86 °F),
5% to 60% RH a
Operating
Nonoperating: 15,240 m (50,000 feet)
0 °C to +55 °C (+14 °F to +131 °F)
bove +30 °C (+86 °F) up to +55 °C (+131 °F), non-condensing
bove +30 °C (+86 °F) up to +71 °C (+160 °F), non-condensing
: 4,572 m (15,000 feet)
P6041 Probe cable length
Weight
106.68 mm (42 in.)
15 gm (0.525 oz.) without P6041
47 gm (1.655 oz.) with P6041
10 CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions
Replaceable Parts List
This section contains a list of the replaceable parts for the CT-1 and CT-2. Use
this list to identify and order replacement parts.
Parts Ordering Information
Replacement parts are available through your local Tektronix field office or
representative.
Changes to Tektronix products are sometimes made to accommodate improved
components as they become available and to give you the benefit of the latest
improvements. Therefore, when ordering parts, it is important to include the
following information in your order:
Part number
Instrument type or model number
Instrument serial number
Replaceable Parts List
Instrument modification n umber, if applicable
If you order a part that has been replaced with a different or improved part, your
local Tektronix field office or representative will contact you concerning any
change in part number.
Change information, if any, is located at the rear of this manual.
Using the Replaceable Parts List
The tabular information in the Replaceable Parts List is arranged for quick
retrieval. Understanding the structure and features of the list will help you find all
of the information you need for ordering replacement parts. The following table
describes the content of each column in the parts list.
Column
1
2 Tektronix part
3 and 4
5
Column
name Description
Figure & index
number
number
Serial number Column three indicates the serial number at which the part
Qty This indicates the quantity of parts used.
Items in this section are referenced by figure and index
numbers to the exploded view illustrations that follow.
Use this part number when ordering replacement parts
from Tektronix.
was first effective. Column four indicates the serial number
at which the part was discontinued. No entries indicates
the part is good for all serial numbers.
CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions 11
Replaceable Pa rts List
Column
6
7
8
Column
name Description
Name &
description
Mfr. code This indicates the code of the actual manufacturer of the
Mfr. part
number
An item name is separated from the description by a colon
(:). Because o
sometimes appear as incomplete. Use the U.S. Federal
Catalog handbook H6-1 for further item name identification.
part.
This indica
number.
f space limitations, an item name may
tes the actual manufacturer’s or vendor ’s part
Abbreviations conform to American National Standard ANSI Y1.1-1972.
The table titled Manufacturers Cross Index shows codes, names, and addresses of
manufacturers or vendors of components listed in the parts list.
Mfr. Code
Replace
Abbreviations
to Manufacturer
Cross Index
able Parts List
Table 3: Manufacturers cross index
Mfr. co
24931
80009
29585
de
cturer
Manufa
BERG EL
TEKTRONIX INC 14150 SW K ARL BRAUN DR PO BOX 500 BEAVERTON, OR 97077-0001
XEROX CORPORATION 14181 SW MILLIKAN WAY BEAVERTON, OR 97005
ECTRONICS INC
s
Addres
BERG EL
2100 EARLYWOOD DR PO BOX 547
ECTRONICS RF/COAXIA L DIV
tate, zip code
City, s
FRANKLIN, IN 46131
Figure 8: CT-1 and CT-2 accessories
12 CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions
Replaceable Parts List
Table 4: Replac
Fig. &
index
number
8-1
-2 1 P6041 80009 P6041
-3 103-0028-00 1
-4 011-0049-01 1
eable parts list
Tektronix
part
number
070-7957-XX 1
Serial
no.
effective
Serial
no.
discont’d Qty Name & description
CURRENT TRANSFORMER:CT-1 OR CT-2 WITH
P6041 (OPTION 09 W/O P6041)
ADAPTER,CONN:BNC,FEMALE TO FEMALE,1.3
L,GOLD/NICKEL
TERMN,COAXIAL:50 OHM,2W,BNC
MANUAL,TECH:CT1/CT2 PROBE,DP
Mfr.
code
24931 28A100-2
80009 011-0049-01
TK2548 PER TEK
Mfr. part
number
CT-1 OR CT-2
DOCUMENTATION
CT-1 and CT-2 Current Transformer Instructions 13
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