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AWG5200 Series
ZZZ
Arbitrary Waveform Generators
Printable Help Document
Revision A
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P077133400*
077-1334-00
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AWG5200 Series
Arbitrary Waveform Generators
ZZZ
Printable Help Document
w.tek.com
ww
077-1334-01
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Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its
subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions.
Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this
publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges
reserved.
TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.
Microsoft, Windows, and Windows 7 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
MATLAB is a registered trademark of The Mathworks, Inc.
Supports Product Software Version 6.1 and above.
Help part number: 076–0406–01
PDF of Help system part number: 077–1334–01
Contacting Tektronix
Tektronix, Inc.
14150 SW Karl Braun Drive
P. O . B o x 5 0 0
rton, OR 97077
Beave
USA
For product information, sales, service, and technical support:
In North America, call 1-800-833-9200.
Worldwide, visit www.tek.com to find contacts in your area.
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1
Productsoftware.................................................................................................... 2
Documentation...................................................................................................... 2
Support information ................................................................................................ 3
Analysis and connectivity support................................................................................ 4
WorkingwiththeAWG
AWG mode window
AWG mode general overview................................................................................ 5
AWG workspace tabs.......................................................................................... 6
Runstate control .............................................................................................. 15
Screen interface features via touchscreen and mouse..................................................... 15
Toolbar ......................................................................................................... 19
Waveform list
Working with the waveform list............................................................................. 21
Adding a waveform........................................................................................... 23
Saving a waveform ........................................................................................... 28
Apply corrections............................................................................................. 28
Assign a waveform to a channel ............................................................................ 29
Modify waveform............................................................................................. 31
Modify markers............................................................................................... 35
Waveform properties ......................................................................................... 38
Applying waveform corrections
Applying correction fil
Apply S-Parameters
Apply S-Parameters...................................................................................... 41
S-Parameter file descriptions....................................................................... 44
Aggressor signals ................................................................................... 46
Sequence list
Sequence list .................................................................................................. 46
Adding a sequence............................................................................................ 47
Saving a sequence ............................................................................................ 49
Assigning tracks to a channel................................................................................ 49
Edit a sequence................................................................................................ 51
Sequenceproperties .......................................................................................... 52
General setup
General setup overview ...................................................................................... 53
Table of Contents
e................................................................................. 40
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Table of Contents
Enable all channels on play.................................................................................. 53
Apply recommended settings on assignment .............................................................. 54
Channel setup
Channel setup introduction .................................................................................. 54
Enable outputs / relay state .................................................................................. 55
Channel output path .......................................................................................... 57
Amplitude ..................................................................................................... 57
Markers ........................................................................................................ 60
Resolution(bits) .............................................................................................. 61
Couple channel settings ................................ .. .. . . . . . . ............................................ 61
Channel color.................................................................................................. 63
Output Options
DAC Options
I/Q Modulator
Clock setup
Clock introduction............................................................................................ 69
Sample Rate ................................................................................................... 69
Clock and Reference Sources ............................................................................... 70
Clock output................................................................................................... 73
Trigger setup
Trigger control ................................................................................................ 73
Trigger input settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................. 76
Trigger timing................................................................................................. 78
Skew setup
Adjust skew ................................................................................................... 80
Sync (synchronization)
Sync (synchronization)overview........................................................................... 84
Setup for multiple instrument synchronization (Real and IQ waveforms) ............................. 85
Measurement for alignment ................................................................................. 89
Obtaining synchronization after instrument setup......................................................... 92
8 instrument synchronization instructions example....................................................... 93
Synchronization troubleshooting.......................................................................... 105
Synchronization of IQ waveforms in NCO mode....................................................... 107
IQ waveform synchronization example .................................................................. 107
Output Options........................................................................................... 63
DAC Options............................................................................................. 65
I/QModulator ............................................................................................ 67
How long does alignment take?...................................................................... 105
Actionsthat cause loss-of-sync....................................................................... 105
Actions that result in a change in sync timing (but changing back restores original sync
timing).............................................................................................. 106
Actionsthat do notcause loss of sync............................................................... 106
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Table of Contents
Aux Out setup
Aux Out setup ............................................................................................... 111
Sequence Editor
Sequencetab overview..................................................................................... 111
Sequences - creating and editing
Editing tools ............................................................................................ 112
Sequencecreate andedit toolbar..................................................................... 114
Copy and paste guidelines ............................................................................ 118
Sequence settings
Sequence settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ....................................... 118
Forcing jumps
Forcing jumps introduction ........................................................................... 119
Force Jump To... button............................................................................... 120
Force jumphere........................................................................................ 122
Jump timing
Jump timing ............................................................................................ 122
Pattern jump
Creating a Pattern jump ............................................................................... 123
Jump priority
Jump execution order.................................................................................. 125
Flags
Sequenceflags.......................................................................................... 126
Subsequence editing
Subsequence editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................... 128
Sequencer batch compiler
Sequencer batch compiler............................................................................. 129
Capture and Playback
Capture/Playback introduction ............................................................................ 136
Captured Signal List
Adding (impo
Removing Signals...................................................................................... 138
Editing signals.......................................................................................... 139
Adding signals from files
Adding signals from files ............................................................................. 141
Capturing signals from instruments
Capturing signals from instruments.................................................................. 143
Connecting to an oscilloscope ......... .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................. 144
Connectingto a spectrum analyzer.............................................................. 145
Compiling I/Q signals
Compiling I/Q signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................... 147
Waveform plug-ins
Waveform plug-ins introduction .......................................................................... 149
rting) IQ data files ..................................................................... 137
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Table of Contents
Basic waveform
Equation editor
Table editor
Precompensation plug-in
Precompensation plug-in................................................................................... 189
Waveform requirements
Waveform specifications and notes ....................................................................... 190
File formats (creating)
File formats (creating)...................................................................................... 190
Sequence file format
Waveform file format
Matlab waveform file format
Basic waveform ........................................................................................ 150
Equation editoroverview ............................................................................. 153
Limitations.............................................................................................. 155
Tips on using the equation editor..................................................................... 155
Basic keywords
Basic keywords.................................................................................... 157
Waveform functions
Waveform functions .............................................................................. 158
Correlation ......................................................................................... 164
Code conversion................................................................................... 166
Differentiation..................................................................................... 170
Integration.......................................................................................... 172
Convolution........................................................................................ 173
Math functions
Math functions..................................................................................... 174
Math operators
Math operators..................................................................................... 175
Equation examples
Equation examples ................................................................................ 176
Table editor ............................................................................................. 185
Sequence file format (.seq)............................................................................ 191
Waveform file format (.wfmx)........................................................................ 193
MATLAB waveform file format...................................................................... 198
MATLAB waveform file example ................................................................... 201
MATLAB IQ file example ............................................................................ 202
Controls and connectors
Front-panel controls and connectors
Front-panel controls ........................................................................................ 205
Front-panel connectors..................................................................................... 206
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Rear panel connectors
Rear-panel connectors...................................................................................... 207
Working with Functions
Functions home window overview ............................................................................ 211
Diagnostics
Diagnostics ....................................................................................................... 213
Calibration
Calibration........................................................................................................ 217
Enhancements and plug-ins
Enhancements for your instrument ............................................................................ 219
Licensing
Licensing overview.............................................................................................. 221
How to purchase a license...................................................................................... 221
How to install a license ......................................................................................... 223
How to return a license ......................................................................................... 224
Table of Contents
Index
AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document v
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Table of Contents
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Introduction Introduction
Introduction
Your Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) combines world-class signal fidelity with ultra high-speed
mixed signal simulation and a graphical user interface. The easy-to-use interface is built on the Microsoft
Windows plat
such as networked instruments.
AWG and Fu nctions mode selection
Thegeneratorhastwomodesofoperation, the Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) mode and the
Functions mode. Access to either mode of operation is from the Home tabs of your instrument by selecting
either the AWG or Functions button.
form and is fully compatible with a wide range of PC hardware and software accessories,
AWG displays the arbitrary waveform generator Home screen with access to all AWG controls,
playing any waveshape from a file.
Functions displays the Home screen with controls to generate basic waveshapes, such as sine waves,
square waves, and triangle waves.
The AWG and Functions modes work independently from each other, but they both use the Analog
Output connectors to play out their waveforms.
Controls
eral methods of controlling the instrument are provided.
Sev
Capacitive touchscreen interface.
Use the touchscreen to control all operations of the instrument. Or use in conjunction with a mouse,
keyboard, and front-panel controls. You can enables or disable the touchscreen from the Utilities
enu. The capacitive touchscreen is designed to operate with direct skin contact or use of a capacitive
m
type stylus.
Keyboard and mouse
Front-panel controls
Remote control via the programmable interface
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Introduction Product software
External display
Enhanced viewing of the AWG display is easily accomplished by attaching an external monitor to the
VGA connector provided on the rear of the instrument.
By default, the VGA output is set to duplicate the AWG’s display, but you can use the Windows display
controls to change how the instrument uses an external display.
Product software
The instrument includes the following software and related documents:
System software
The system software is a specially configured version of Microsoft Windows
and enables you to install other compatible applications. For instructions on how to restore Microsoft
Windows, refer to the Installation and Safety manual that is shipped with your instrument. Do not
attempt to substitute any version of Windows that is not specifically provided by Tektronix for use
with your instrument.
Product software
The product software is the instrument application and runs on Microsoft Windows. It provides the
user interface (UI) and all other instrument control functions.
Release notes
The release notes contain information on updates and known issues that are not included in other
product documentation.
Documentation
The following table lists the primary documentation available for this product.
All listed documents are available on the Tektronix website (http://www.tek.com/manual/downloads
To read about Use these documents
Installation and Safety Read the Installation and Safety manual for general information about
Operation and user interface help Access the application help from the Help menu for information on all
, which is preinstalled
).
how to prepare your instrument for use and basic operating instructions.
This manual is provided with the instrument.
Tektronix part number 071-3529-xx.
controls and on-screen elements. The application help is part of the
product software.
A PDF of the help system is available, Tektronix part number
077-1334-xx.
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Introduction Support information
To read about Use these documents
Programming commands
Specifications and performance verification
procedures
xxx
Access the programmer manual for the syntax of remote control
commands.
Tektronix part number 077-1337-xx.
This technical reference document provides the complete instrument
specifications. Procedures are provided to verify the instrument is
operating to
Tektronix part number 077-1335-xx.
the warranted specifications.
Support information
Tektronix offers the following services in support of their products:
Technical Support. For application-related questions about a Tektronix product, see Contacting
Tekt roni x.
Service Support. For service-related questions about a Tektronix product, see Contacting Tektronix.
Tektronix also offers extended warranty and calibration programs as options on many products. Contact
your local Tektronix distributor or sales office.
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Introduction Analysis and connectivity support
Analysis and connectivity support
Tektronix Windows-based arbitrary waveform generators support industry-standard software tools,
applications and protocols. The integrated Windows desktop of these models enables popular commercial
programs or c
The instrument includes tools that you can install to support data import or export for use with data-analysis
tools. The f
TekV ISA
TekVISA is a library of industry-standard compliant software components, organized according to the
standard VISA model established by the VXIplug&play Systems Alliance. Use TekVISA in software
to write i
and your instrument.
ustom-written applications to run on the instrument.
ollowing tools are supported:
nteroperable instrument drivers to handle communicating between software applications
TekV ISA
connectivity will be impaired or disabled.
VXI-11
The VXI 11.2 LAN Server provides software connectivity between your instrument and remote PCs
over an
you must install another copy of TekVISA to make use of its client-side component.
IVI Dr
IVI drivers conform to specifications produced by the IVI Foundation. IVI drivers provide a standard
inte
Tektronix IVI-COM driver supports easy waveform transfer from third party software, such as
MAT
must be the only VISA type software installed. If other VISA software is installed,
.2 LAN Server
Ethernet LAN. This tool is a client-side component built-in with TekVISA on each remote PC;
ivers
rface to different classes of instruments, including oscilloscopes and spectrum analyzers.
LAB.
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Working with the AWG AWG mode general overview
AWG mode general overview
Selecting the AWG mode button displays the controls for operating the arbitrary waveform generator.
Toolbar (see page 19): contains tools to access help, restore the interface layout, and work with
setups, open and save files.
Workspace tabs (see page 6): contain tabs to change the workspace view (which includes the
graphical waveform display area).
Home tab contains the waveform plot area and various controls for quick access.
Setup tab c
Waveform Plug-ins tab contains the selections for optional waveform creation applications.
Abasicwa
Capture/Playback tab contains the controls to import baseband I/Q data files (captured from
an instr
for playout. You can also import files created with other tools such as MATLAB.
Utilit
Precompensation tab contains the settings to create correction files to be used with a
wavef
plug-in, it must be licensed.
/Stop button (icon)
Play
the same as the front-panel Play/Stop button.
/Functions buttons: switches the instrument between the arbitrary waveform generator (AWG)
AWG
mode and the basic waveshape generator (Functions) mode. The workspace tabs change in conjunction
with the selected instrument modes.
Waveform List (see page 21) and Sequence List (see page 46): contains the waveforms and
sequences available for use.
Status area: displays user messages to indicate possible problems or status.
ontains the settings to control the channel outputs, clocks, and triggers.
veform creation application is included as a standard plug-in.
ument such as a spectrum analyzer or oscilloscope) and compile them into a waveform
ies tab contains system, preferences settings, and instrument information.
orm file. The Precompensation plug-in must be installed to display this tab.Tousethe
(see page 15): starts and stops the playout of a waveform. This function is
ll outputs off button: provides you with an easy way to quickly disconnect all analog, marker, and
A
flag outputs. (The output connectors are electrically floating.)
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Working with the AWG AWG workspace tabs
AWG workspace tabs
The AWG workspace panel is the main working area for setting up and controlling waveform playout.
s at the top of the screen display different views and settings.
Tab
Home tab (with waveforms) (see page 7)
Displays waveform, cursors, markers
Provides buttons for waveform output control
Provides quick access to triggering
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Working with the AWG AWG workspace tabs
Home tab with wave forms
Home tab (with sequence) (see page 8)
Displays the sequence track assigned to the channel
Provides buttons for waveform output control
ides quick access to force a jump to another location in the sequence
Prov
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Working with the AWG AWG workspace tabs
Home tab with sequence
Home tab (with IQ waveform) (see page 9)
ys both the I and Q components of an IQ waveform
Displa
Displays center frequency
NOTE.
IQ waveforms and real waveforms cannot be assigned to channels at the same time.
To display and play an IQ waveform, the digital up-converter (DIGUP) must be licensed.
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Working with the AWG AWG workspace tabs
Home tab with IQ waveform
Setup tab (see page 9)
Adjust Channel settings
Adjust Clock settings
Adjust T
Adjust relative timing of output signals
Define Auxiliary outputs (Flags)
Enable instrument to instrument synchronization
rigger settings
Setup tab
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Working with the AWG AWG workspace tabs
Waveform plug-ins tab (see page 11)
Standard waveform plug-in applications are located here, which includes:
Basic Waveform editor
Equation Editor
Table Edito
NOTE. The standard waveform plug-ins are documented in this help system. Optional waveform
plug-ins have their own unique help systems.
Optional waveform plug-in applications are added here.
NOTE. Optional waveform plug-ins have their own unique help systems are not documented in this
help system. Use the help button within the Waveform Plug-ins tab to access the Optional waveform
plug-in’s help system.
Create different types of waveforms based on selected waveform plug-in
r
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Working with the AWG AWG workspace tabs
Waveform Plug-ins tab
Sequence Editor tab (see page 12)
encing (SEQ) license required)
(Sequ
Create sequences
Edit existing sequences
Enable Pattern Jump and specify the pattern jump table
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Working with the AWG AWG workspace tabs
Sequence editor tab
Capture/Playback tab (see page 12)
Import baseband IQ waveforms and up-convert imported waveforms to RF waveforms.
Acquire
the acquired waveforms to RF waveforms.
live baseband IQ waveforms from an oscilloscope or spectrum analyzer and up-convert
Capture/Playback
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Working with the AWG AWG workspace tabs
Utilities tab (see page 13)
Utilities
Diag & Cal button: Displays the dialog screen to show the current state of the diagnostics and
calibration. The instrument incorporates a temperature sensor that continuously monitors the
instrument’s internal temperature. If the internal temperature changes more than 5 °C from
its previous calibration temperature, a status message appears requesting that you to perform
-calibration. You can run the calibration routine at any time if your application requires
a self
optimum performance. See Calibration
See Diagnostics
System button: System provides information about the instrument’s GPIB address and Security
controls.
The GPIB Address setting lets you set the instrument’s identity when using a GPIB converter for
the programmable interface. Refer to the AWG5200 Series Programmers manual for complete
details about the programmable interface.
Security controls allow you to lock the instrument’s display screen. When locked, all front-panel
controls are disabled except for the power button.
(see page 213) for more information about performing diagnostic routines.
(see page 217) for more information about self-calibration.
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Working with the AWG AWG workspace tabs
You can also choose to disable the ability of the external SourceXpress application to connect and
control the instrument. SourceXpress has the ability to connect to, and control, the instrument
directly from
Preferences button: Preferences provides access to (brightness controls, error message controls,
and text size).
Enable or disable the touchscreen
it's interface.
Choose to hide the pop-up error messages, forcing the errors to only show in the Status ba
the bottom of the screen.
Brightness Controls lets you adjust the intensity levels of the display screen and the front-panel
LEDs.
Choose to reduce the size of the text and elements of the user interface.
Help & Support button: Help & Support provides links to where you can obtain additional
product help and documentation.
About my AWG button: About my AWG provides you with detailed information about your
instrument, such as installed options, licenses, and the product’s software version. This information
is helpful when contacting Tektronix about your instrument. Use the Copy Instrument Info button
to copy and paste the instrument information into another application suchasanemailprogram.
The Install License and Return License buttons are used to manage licensing for product
upgrades and optional plug-in applications. See Enhancements for your instrument
Precompensation tab (see page 14)
(see page 219).
Precompensation
rat
The Precompensation tab allows you to create correction files to be used with a waveform file.
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Working with the AWG Run state control
NOTE. The Precompensation tab only appears if the Precompensation plug-in is installed. To use the
plug-in, it must be licensed. Refer to Licensing
(see page 221).
The Precompensation tab has its own user help (and is not described here). Press the help button on
the Precompensation tab to access its user manual.
Run state control
You start and stop the waveform playout using the Play button. For a waveform to be output through the
Analog Output connector, the Channel output must be enabled.
The condition of the outputs (output level or disconnected) when waveform playout has been stopped or is
waiting for a trigger event, is defined in the Output Options
Run state status indicators
The play button in the graphical interface changes appearance to indicate the waveform playout status.
Below are the various indicators.
(see page 63) dialog box.
Table 1:
Not lighted – stopped (or idle) with no waveforms being played.
Green with sinewave – currently playing a waveform.
Green with T symbol – waiting for a trigger event to begin waveform playout.
Yellow with clock symbol – the instrument is busy and playout is temporarily inhibited.
Red – An error is preventing the waveform playout.
xxx
The front-panel Play button also indicates the playout status with variouscolors. SeeFront-panel controls
(see page 205) for a description of its status indicators.
Screen interface features via touchscreen and mouse
The graphical user interface (GUI) is designed with some features that are only accessible via the
touchscreen or right and left mouse clicks.
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Working with the AWG Screen interface features via touchscreen and mouse
Left mouse clic
settings
Pull down list
Numerical
settings
control
s
kon
Touch (or left m
Selections with a triangle incorporate a pull-down list. Touch (or left mouse click) on the triangle to
display the list.
A setting t
(or right mouse click) the setting.
The settings menu allows you to quickly set the value to its default, minimum, or maximum values.
Cutting, c
setting the value to the nearest valid value.
Some settings allow you to change the units used for the setting. For instance, amplitude can be
set in Vpp
ouse click) on any control or setting selects or activates that control.
hat requires a numerical value has an additional menu accessed by touching and holding
opying, and pasting values is allowed. Pasting an invalid value results with the instrument
or dBm. Phase adjustments can be set in degrees or time.
Drag and drop
Use the touchscreen (or left mouse) to drag a waveform or a sequence (from the waveform list or
ence list) onto the waveform display area. Existing waveforms or sequences are replaced.
sequ
If the previous waveform or sequence was currently playing, the new waveform or sequence
starts playing immediately.
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Working with the AWG Screen interface features via touchscreen and mouse
Zooming
Use the touchs
you want to expand.
Zoom In: Drag the zoom box from left to right to zoom in on that section of the waveform.
The boxed por
Zoom Out: Dra
the graph.
You can also use the
creen (or left mouse click) to drag a zooming box over the portion of a waveform
tion is centered in the graph.
g the zoom box from right to left zoom out. The boxed portion is centered in
icon to quickly r eturn the waveform to its full display.
When zoomed in, you can pan through the waveform using the scroll bar below the waveform.
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Working with the AWG Screen interface features via touchscreen and mouse
Waveform menu The waveform g
Touch and hold the touchscreen (or right mouse click) anywhere in the waveform area to display
the waveform menu.
Show cursors toggles the measurement cursor display on or off (default is off). You can drag
the cursors i
cursor display control affects all channels.
Show Analog toggles the waveform d isplay on or off (there is no default setting). If the
waveform display is off, it remains off until it is turned back on. The analog waveform display
control is i
Show Marker
default. See the Resolution (bits)
display control is independent for each channel.
Y Axis toggles the vertical graph axis between Volts and Normalized (default is Volts). The Y
Axis contr
X Axis togg
Axis control affects all channels.
Grid display (default is off). The grid display control affects all c hannels.
ndependent for each channel.
ol affects all channels.
raphical area contains a menu for various actions.
nto position or enter their position directly in the waveform display area. The
s lets you select which markers you want to display or hide. Markers are off by
(see page 61) setting to enable markers. The markers
les the horizontal axis between Seconds and Samples (default is Samples). The X
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Working with the AWG Toolbar
Window panel
resizing
Undocking and
docking t
abs
The various window panels can be adjusted in size where-ever two panels are divided. Touch
and hold the to
or decrease the panel size.
Any tab ca
completely separate it from the main GUI. Touch and hold the touchscreen (or left mouse click) to
grab a tab and slide it to a new area. The docking icon displays that you can use to choose how
you want t
uchscreen (or right mouse click) to grab the 3 dot indicator and slide to increase
n be undocked from the GUI. This allows you to reposition a tab to a new location or
o dock (reposition) the tab.
e Reset Window Layout button
Use th
settings.
xxx
(in the Toolbar) to return the display to the factory
Toolbar
The toolbar (see page 21) provides access to various setup actions.
NOTE. The AWG mode and Functions mode utilize the same Toolbar. Any action taken by the tools
ttons affects both modes. For example, restoring the default setup affects both the Functions mode
bu
and AWG mode.
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Working with the AWG Toolbar
Table 2:
Open File allow
A windows Open dialog box opens to the most recent location accessed. Use this window to
navigate to saved files. In the Open dialog box, you can set the window to display all supported
file types or re
The action taken depends on the file type opened.
■ Setup files: Opening a saved setup file returns the instrument to the settings saved with the
setup file. Waveforms and/or sequences saved with the setup file are also restored, removing
all existing waveforms and sequences.
■ Waveform files: Opening a waveform file from the toolbar allows you to select one waveform
file at a time to load into the Waveform List. (Matlab files that contain more than one waveform
will have all waveforms loaded into the Waveform List. See Adding a waveform
for more information.
■ Sequence files: Opening a sequence file from the toolbar allows you to select one sequence
file at a time to load into the Sequence List. If the sequence file contains subsequences, these
are also placed in the Sequence List. All waveforms used in the sequence are loaded into the
Waveform list. See Adding a sequence
A windows Open dialog box opens to most recent location accessed. Use this window to navigate
to your files.
The factory location is C:\Program Files\Tektronix\AWG5200\Samples.
For more advanced options to add waveforms or sequences, use the Open icons located within
the Waveform List and Sequence List panels.
Save Setup saves the current settings as a setup file, allowing you to easily return the instrument
to a known setup. A windows Save As dialog box opens to the most recent location accessed.
Use this window to navigate to where you want to save the setup file.
In the Save As window, you can choose to save the setup file (which includes all waveforms and
sequences) or save the setup file without the waveforms or sequences.
Choosing to save the setup file with waveforms and sequences also saves the waveforms listed
in the Capture/Playback signal list.
s you to open any of the supported file types.
strict the w indow to display a certain type of file.
(see page 23)
(see page 47) for more information.
The factory location is C:\Program Files\Tektronix\AWG5200\Samples.
The Play/Stop button starts and stops the playout of a waveform in both the AWG mode and the
Functions mode. This operates the same as the front-panel Play/Stop button.
button changes appearance to indicate the current playout status. Refer to Run state control
The
(see page 15).
20 AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document
Page 31
Working with the AWG Working with the waveform list
Table 2: (cont.)
Reset to Default Setup returns all instrument settings to their factory settings.
NOTE. The contents of the Waveform List, Sequence List, and Captured Signal List are removed.
Restoring the default setup does not re-enable the graphical waveform display if Show Analog
(see page 15) is toggled off.
This control does not reset any installed Waveform Plug-in applications or the Precompensation
application (if installed).
Restore Last Setup returns the instrument to the most recent setup that was accessed.
Reset Window Layout returns all window panels (moved or undocked) to their original locations.
Toggle the font size (large or small) used in the user interface.
The User M anual button displays the instrument help system.
NOTE. Pl
display their User Manual.
xxx
ug-in applications have their own help system and display an additional help button to
Toolbar
Workingwiththewaveformlist
The Waveform List contains the waveforms available for playout.
You can drag and drop a waveform from the Waveform list onto the channel’s graph area, assigning that
waveform to play on the channel. See below when working with IQ waveforms.
Touch and hold or right-mouse click on a waveform to display a pop-up menu of tools to modify
waveforms, assign a waveform to a channel, save, remove waveforms, and view a waveform’s properties.
AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 21
Page 32
Working with the AWG Working with the waveform list
IQ waveforms (display)
When adding an IQ waveform to the Waveforms List, the I and Q components are separated and a sublist
is created under the IQ waveform. Use the arrow next to the IQ waveform name to expand or collapse
the sublist.
You can assign the IQ waveform to a channel, or use the sublist to assign the I or Q components to
a channel for playout.
NOTE. IQ waveforms and real waveforms cannot be assigned to channels at the same time.
waveform (create)
IQ
If you have I and Q waveform files, you can use the Waveform list to combine themintoanIQwaveform.
From within the Waveform List, select both the I and Q waveforms.
NOTE. The waveform selected first becomes the I waveform. The waveform selected second becomes
he Q waveform.
t
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Working with the AWG Adding a waveform
With the selections made, display the right-click menu and select Make IQ Waveform. The I and Q
waveforms must be of equal length.
A new IQ waveform is generated using the first selected waveform as the I component and the second
selected waveform as the Q component. Hovering over the menu displays a tool tip showing which
waveform is I
and which waveform is Q.
The name of the IQ waveform generated uses the name of the I waveform (without suffix "_I" or "_Q")
and is appended with "_IQ".
Adding a waveform
To add a waveform to the Waveform List, select the Open Waveform button. This opens a Windows dialog
box that allows you to navigate to a stored waveform, setup file, or sequence file. (You can load waveforms
contained in Setup files and sequence files without loading the setup or sequence.)
AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 23
Page 34
Working with the AWG Adding a waveform
If the waveform is a valid waveform type, the waveform is added to the Waveform List. Once a waveform
is in the Waveform List, it can be assigned to a channel for playout. Click here to see the list of valid
waveform file t
Valid file types Description
.AWGX file format Setup file created by Tektronix AWG5200/AWG70000 Series instruments, or
ypes.
SourceXpress.
Setup files can contain multiple waveforms and multiple sequences.
NOTE. Opening a setup file from the Waveform List does not restore the instrument
settings, only the waveforms contained in the setup file are restored.
.WFMX file format Setup file created by Tektronix AWG5200/AWG70000 Series instruments,or
SourceXpress.
See Waveform file format
of waveform file.
.AWG file format Setup file created by Tektronix AWG5000 or AWG7000 Series instruments.
(see page 193) for information about the format of this type
NOTE. The Tektronix AWG5000 or AWG7000 Series instruments had predefined
waveforms available for use.
Saved setup files that used predefined waveforms did not save the actual waveform
data with the setup, only the waveform name. Hence, importing setup files that
used predefined waveforms will not import the waveforms. To import these types of
waveforms, first copy and rename the predefined waveform, then save the setup file
before importing.
.WFM file format Created by Tektronix AWG5000/7000 Series instruments.
Created by Tektronix AWG400/500/600/700 Series instruments.
Created by Tektronix TDS/DPO/MSO/DSA Series instruments.
.ISF file format Created by Tektronix TDS/DPO/MSO/DSA Series instruments.
.PAT file format Created by Tektronix AWG400/500/600/700 Series instruments.
.IQT file format Created by Tektronix RSA3000 Series instruments.
.TIQ file format IQ waveforms created by Tektronix RSA6000/5000 Series, SPECMON Series
,MDO4000 Series instruments or SignalVu-PC.
.TFW file format Created by Tektronix AFG3000 Series instruments.
.TXT file format Created by Tektronix AWG5000 or AWG7000 Series instruments.
.RFD file format Created by Tektronix R FX100 RFXpress Advanced RF/IF/IQ waveform software.
.SXD file format Created by Tektronix SDX100 SerialXpress high-speed serial data signals software.
.MAT file format Matlab file type (Level 5 or Level 7.3) for AWG5200 Series.
Matlab file type for RSA6000/5000 Series and SPECMON Series.
See Matlab waveform file creation
requirements for the AWG.
.TMP file format Midas BLUE file type. (Data Type 1000; Scalar and complex data; 8-,16-, 32-, 64-bit
integer and 32- and 64-bit float data format type.)
.PRM file format Midas BLUE file type. (Data Type 1000; Scalar and complex data; 8-,16-, 32-, 64-bit
integer and 32- and 64-bit float data format type.)
CDIF file format Midas BLUE file type. (Data Type 1000; Scalar and complex data; 8-,16-, 32-, 64-bit
integer and 32- and 64-bit float data format type.)
(see page 198) for information on Matlab file
24 AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document
Page 35
Working with the AWG Adding a waveform
Valid file types Description
With Sequenci
.SEQX file form
.SEQ file format Sequence file created by Tektronix AWG400, AWG500, AWG600, or AWG700 Series
xxx
ng (SEQ) licensed, the following files types are also valid waveform sources.
at
Sequence file c
a subsequence.)
instruments. (Also can be a subsequence.)
See Sequenc
of sequence file.
reated by Tektronix AWG5200 Series instruments. (Also can be
e file format
(see page 191) for information about the format of this type
If selecting a file type containing multiple waveforms (.AWGX, .MAT, .AWG, .SEQX), you are presented
with the Available Waveforms dialog box
canloada
ll the waveforms or select a subset of the waveforms.
(see page 25) that lists all waveforms contained in the file. You
NOTE. When opening a setup file (.AWGX) from the Waveform List, only the waveforms are extracted;
instrument settings contained in the setup file are not restored. Use the Open File in the Toolbar
(see
page 19) to restore both the settings and waveforms from a .AWGX setup file.
If you want any of the waveforms (extracted from a setup file) to be available outside of the setup file,
select and save each individual waveform.
NOTE. If using the Channel workspace to load a waveform from a setup type file, you are only allowed to
choose one waveform since the waveform is directly assigned to the channel.
Available waveforms
AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 25
Page 36
Working with the AWG Adding a waveform
Non-navtive analog files
When adding analog waveform file types that are not native to the AWG, you are presented with the
Importing Waveform dialog screen
to normalize (rescale) the waveform while adding to the waveform list.
Import wavef
orm
Digital text waveform file
When a
displays to specify the digital bit resolution of the file before the waveform is added to the waveform list.
Choo
t’s important to know the details of your waveform before you import so you do not affect the integrity of
I
the waveform. For instance, selecting 16 bits for a waveform that is intended to use 12 bits for data and
four bits for markers will add the marker bits to the waveform data and markers will not be available.
dding a digital text (.TXT) waveform file, the Import Digital Waveform Text File
se from the following:
12 Bits (waveform + 4 markers): For 16 bit files that use 12 bits for data, and 4 bits for markers.
13 Bits (waveform + 3 markers): For 16 bit files that use 13 bits for data, and 3 bits for markers.
14 Bits (waveform + 2 markers): For 16 bit files that use 14 bits for data, and 2 bits for markers.
15 Bits (waveform + 1 marker): For 16 bit files that use 15 bits for data, and 1 bit for a marker.
16 bits: For 16 bit files without markers.
dialog box
26 AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document
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Working with the AWG Adding a waveform
Import digital waveform text file
NOTE. If Sequencing is licensed, waveforms are also added to the waveform list when loading a sequence
file or setup file that contains a sequence.
IQ waveforms
When adding an IQ waveform, the waveform is added to the Waveform list along with a sublist of its I and
Q components. If the Digital Up Converter (DIGUP) is licensed, you can assign the IQ waveform directly
to a channel on the home screen. Otherwise, only the individual I or Q components can be assigned.
NOTE. IQ waveforms and real waveforms cannot be assigned to channels at the same time. Although the I
and Q components of an IQ waveform can be assigned to channels along with real waveforms.
NOTE. You can select to modify an IQ waveform even without a Digital Up Converter (DIGUP) license.
The modify dialog screen supports displaying IQ waveforms. See the section Modify waveform dialog
screen (see page 32).
Multi-waveform select
Through the Open Waveform menu in the Waveform List, you can select multiple waveform files to load
into the waveform list at once.
To select a contiguous block of files, click the first file in the block. Then hold down the Shift key as you
click the last file in the block. This will select not only those two files, but everything in between.
AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 27
Page 38
Working with the AWG Saving a waveform
To select multiple files that are not a contiguous block, click one file. Then hold down the Ctrl key while
you click each additional desired file.
If your selection includes sequence files or setup files, all waveforms saved with those file types are
loaded into the waveform list.
CAUTION. Loa
ding groups of waveforms will overwrite any existing waveform of the same name in the
Waveform List without warning.
NOTE. Mult
iple file selection is available via the Open Waveform menu. Loading waveforms from the
Open File menu (in the tool bar) or from the pull-down list in the graphical waveform area does not
support multiple file selection.
Saving a waveform
To save a waveform, touch and hold on a waveform (or right mouse click) and select Save or Save As.
This opens a Windows dialog box that allows you to navigate to a location to save the waveform.
Click here to see the list of valid waveform file types.
Valid file types Description
.WFMX file format Native waveform file.
.WFM file format Tektronix AWG400/500/600/700 series waveform file.
.TXT file format Waveform file.
.TIQ Valid for IQ waveforms.
xxx
Maximum waveform size is limited to <200 M.
Apply corrections
Right click on any waveform (or two waveforms for I/Q correction) and
With the Apply Corrections dialog screen, you can choose to apply a correction file.
28 AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document
select the Apply Corrections menu.
Page 39
Working with the AWG Assign a waveform to a channel
For information about applying a correction file, see:
Apply correction file (see page 40)
Assign a waveform to a channel
To play a waveform, you need to assign it to a channel.
There are several methods to assign a waveform to a channel.
Drag a w
Touch and hold (or right mouse click) on a waveform name in the Waveforms list and use the pop-up
windo
aveform from the Waveforms list onto a channel’s plot area.
w to assign it to a channel.
AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 29
Page 40
Working with the AWG Assign a waveform to a channel
To assign an IQ waveform, the Digital Up Converter (DIGUP) must be licensed.Otherwise,only
the I or Q components can be assigned. IQ waveforms display the following menu for assigning
the waveforms.
When an IQ waveform is assigned to a channel, both the I and Q components are displayed in
the same plot, superimposed on each other. See Home tab (with IQ waveform)
mple of the display.
an exa
NOTE. IQ waveforms and real waveforms cannot be assigned to channels at the same time.
(see page 9) for
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Working with the AWG Modify waveform
Use the drop-down list in the channel’s plot area to assign the channel to play a waveform.
Load a waveform from the Waveform list
Browse for a waveform file. (Opens a Windows browser screen to navigate to saved files.)
Opening a sequence file while browsing for a waveform opens a dialog box displaying the
waveforms available in the sequence.
Choose from previously loaded waveforms (maximum of two displayed)
See the section Assigning tracks to a channel
Modify waveform
You can select any waveform contained in the Waveform List to modify it or create a new waveform based
e existing waveform. But note the following conditions:
on th
(see page 49) about assigning sequences.
Any waveform can be modified by selecting Modify Waveform –> {Sample Rate/Length / Scale/Offset
tate/Shift / Invert/Reverse / Pattern}. Select one of these waveform modifiers displays the Modify
/Ro
Waveform (see page 32) dialog screen.
selecting a waveform that was created with a Waveform Plug-in, a menu choice is added to take
If
you directly to the specific Waveform Plug-in editor screen. Refer to the section about Waveform
Plug-ins (see page 149).
With an S-Parameter license, you also have the option to apply S-Parameters to the waveform. Refer
to the section about Applying S-Parameters
Select a waveform in the Waveform List, touch and hold (or right mouse click) to display the waveform
operations.
AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 31
(see page 41).
Page 42
Working with the AWG Modify waveform
Select one of the waveform modifiers to display the Modify waveform dialog screen (see page 32).
Modify waveform dialog screen
The Modify Waveform dialog screen provides you with the controls and settings to modify a waveform
and save it as a new waveform or overwrite the original waveform.
All operations that are available on the home screen waveform display (such as zooming, cursors, and
menu operations) are also available in the waveform display.
32 AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document
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Working with the AWG Modify waveform
If modifying an IQ waveform, the I and Q waveforms are displayed. The I waveform color uses the color
assigned to the channel; the Q waveform is show in gray.
Here are tips and notes about using the Modify Waveform feature:
The waveform must be in the Waveform List.
ly one modification is allowed at a time, requiring you to compile the new waveform for each
On
modification. This avoids any uncertainty of modifications since some modifications can affect other
characteristics.
Some modifications may cause a reduction in fidelity to the new waveform.
AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 33
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Working with the AWG Modify waveform
The waveform displayed in the dialog screen represents the waveform being modified. After
compiling, the resulting waveform is displayed.
New or modified waveforms are placed in the Waveform List, but are not automatically saved to the
hard drive (or other location). They do become part of the setup file if the setup is saved. To make a
modified wave
form available for use in other setups, select the modified waveform and use Save or
Save As to save the waveform.
SampleRate/Lengthtab
Resample, M ultiply
By
Add or Subtract
Samples
Repeat Waveform Duplicates the waveform the defined number of times. You cannot enter a value less than one.
Scale / Offset tab
Scale
Multiplier
Maximum
amplitude
Add Offset Adds normalized offset to the waveform’s current DC offset.
Range
Enter a value to Increases the number of samples of the waveform.
You can also request a sample rate which will automatically enter the correct multiplication factor
to obtain the requested sample rate.
Adds or removes samples from the end of the waveform. Adding samples repeats the last sample
of the waveform.
You can also request a specific length (number of samples) which will automatically enter the
number of samples to add or remove.
You can also request a specific length (number of samples) which will automatically enter the
duplication factor.
The Multiplier box allows define a multiplication factor to modify the output amplitude and offsets.
Only the analog data is modified. Markers are not affected.
The Maximum amplitude adjusts all values to obtain the full scale amplitude of the instrument.
Select the Preserve offset setting If you wish to retain the existing offset value.
Scale is not adjustable when adding offset.
You can apply the modifications to the entire waveform (All Samples) or between the cursors.
If you select Between Cursors, position the two cursors on the displayed waveform in order to define
where the pattern is applied. (If cursors are not displayed, they are automatically enabled.
TE.
Range is not available when modifying an IQ waveform.
nter a value in degrees or number of samples to rotate the waveform horizontally. Rotating the
E
waveform takes the end of the waveform (defined by the degrees or samples) and moves it to
the front of the waveform.
Enter a value in degrees or number of samples to shift (or move) the waveform horizontally.
Shifting moves the waveform and repeats the first waveform sample value to fill in the waveform.
tate / Shift tab
Ro
otate waveform,
R
wrap samples
Shift waveform,
repeat sample to
fill
NO
34 AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document
Page 45
Working with the AWG Modify markers
Rotate / Shift t
Apply Rotatio
To
Invert/Reverse
Invert
Reverse
Range
All Samples All samples affects the entire analog and marker signals.
Between Cursors You can define a particular segment of the waveform to invert or reverse. If cursors are not
Pattern tab
See the Modify markers (see page 35) section on using the Pattern features.
xxx
ab
n/Shift
Rotation and S
Select which components of the waveform you wish to invert.
Select which components of the wa veform you wish to reverse.
Select the range of samples you want to invert or reverse.
All samples affects the entire analog and marker signals.
Between Cursors
displayed, they are automatically enabled.
Move the cursors to define the affected area.
The waveform display has the same control functions as those for the waveform in the Home
tab, such as zooming.
hift is available for the analog data and the markers.
Modify markers
You can select any waveform contained in the Waveform List to modify the waveform markers.
lect a waveform, touch and hold (or right mouse click) to display the waveform operations.
Se
AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 35
Page 46
Working with the AWG Modify markers
Select Modify Markers to display the Pattern editor tab in the Modify Waveform dialog screen.
The pattern editor allows you to modify the Analog waveform and/or Markers. Once you’ve defined your
changes, you need to compile the new waveform. By default, a new waveform is created (based on the
existing name) and is placed in the Waveform List.
The controls are described below.
Pattern Type. Three patterns are available:
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Page 47
Working with the AWG Modify markers
High: The sample points (all samples or between cursors) are set to their high values. Marker samples
are set to 1. The analog waveform samples are set to the waveform maximum value.
Low: The sample points (all samples or between cursors) are set to their low values. Marker samples
are set to 0. The analog waveform samples are set to the waveform minimum value.
Pulse: The sample points (all samples or between cursors) alternate between their high and low values
for the defined number of samples.
When choosing Pulse, additional settings are displayed:
Start Level defines whether the cycle of pulses start from their high or low value.
High Steps defines how many sample points are set to high.
Low Steps defines how many sample points are set to low.
The combined number of samples for the High and Low steps are limited to the numberofsamples
available in the waveform
The number of pulse cycles is calculated and displayed. The number of cycles based on the number of
samples used for the high and low steps and if it’s being applied to the entire waveform or between
cursors.
NOTE. An invalid pulse definition (such as 0 samples for the high or low steps) will not let the waveform
compile.
Apply Modifications To. The modifications can be applied to the analog waveform and the markers. By
default, only the markers are selected.
Range. You can apply the pattern modifications to the entire waveform (All Samples)orbetweenthe
cursors.
AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 37
Page 48
Working with the AWG Waveform properties
If you select Between Cursors, position the two cursors on the displayed waveform in order to define where
the pattern is applied. (If cursors are not displayed, they are automatically enabled.
The waveform display has the same control functions as those for the waveform in the Home tab, such
as zooming.
Waveform properties
You can select any waveform in the Waveform List to view its properties.
Select a waveform, touch and hold (or right mouse click) to display the waveform operations.
Select Properties to display the Waveform Properties dialog screen.
38 AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document
Page 49
Working with the AWG Waveform properties
The Waveform Properties dialog screen provides many details about the waveform that are static (not able
to modify
), such as the name, length, and signal format.
The Signal Format displays the type of waveform, which will show one of the following:
Real: Waveform containing data other than I, Q, or IQ.
I: Waveform contains I data.
Q: Waveform contains Q data.
IQ: Waveform contains IQ data.
ems you are able to modify include:
The it
Recommended Sample Rate: Typically defined by the waveform when it was created, you can
ge the recommend sample rate as needed.
chan
Recommended Amplitude: Typically defined by the waveform when it was created, you can change
recommend amplitude as needed.
the
Recommended Offset: Typically defined by the waveform when it was created, you can change the
commend offset as needed.
re
Recommended Frequency: IQ waveforms only. Typically defined by the waveform when it was
reated, you can change the recommend frequency as needed.
c
Recommended settings are used when the system is defined to use the sequence settings instead of the
system settings during playout. Refer to General setup
settings.
(see page 53) to enable use of the recommended
AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 39
Page 50
Working with the AWG Applying correction file
Applying correction file
Correction files for waveforms can contain two types of coefficients, RF coefficients or IQ coefficients.
RF coefficients can be applied to Real, I, or Q files. Select a single waveform and apply the correction
file.
IQ coefficients must be applied to two waveforms, I and Q. Select the two waveforms (high lighting
both at the same time) and apply the correction file.
A window opens to allow you to navigate to the saved coefficient file (correction file).
Use the browse folder icon to navigate to a saved correction file.
Choose to either create a new waveform or overwrite the existing waveform.
a valid file path is entered, the Correction Settings icon
Once
display the Frequency Response screen.
plying an RF correction file, the Frequency Response screen shows plot information and provides
If ap
Advanced options to apply a Gaussian filter or remove Sin(x)/x distortions.
is enabled. Select the Setting icon to
40 AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document
Page 51
Working with the AWG Apply S-Parameters
If applying an I/Q correction file (to a pair of I and Q waveforms), the Frequency Response screen shows
plot information and provides Advanced options to apply a skew.
Apply S-Parameters
S-Parameters (scattering parameters) can be applied to RF waveforms or IQ waveforms in the Waveform
List.
NOTE. The S-Parameter selection becomes available only if an S-Parameter license is currently installed.
AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 41
Page 52
Working with the AWG Apply S-Parameters
Selecting to apply S-Parameters displays the Apply S-Parameter dialog screen, allowing you to select
the S-Parameter file and define its characteristics.
Below is a sample S-Parameter dialog screen with the Number of Ports set to 4. If an IQ waveform is
being modified, the S-Parameters dialog screen provides additional selections to apply the parameters to
the I compone
The dialog screen changes to accommodate the Number of Ports selected.
The information provided for S-Parameters applies to both the Non-Cascading and Cascading modes.
nt, Q component, or both I and Q.
42 AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document
Page 53
Working with the AWG Apply S-Parameters
Item Description
Mode
Select Non-Cascading or Cascading S-parameter mode.
In the Non-Cas
from only one S-parameter file.
In the Cascading mode, you can cascade up to six S-parameter files in Stages and
apply the characteristics on the signal. You can select the files to apply by turning on
or turning off the corresponding Stages shown in the display. All the selected files
should be of the same type. The settings depend on the selected type of file.
cading mode, you apply S-parameter characteristics on the signal
The files supported are s1p, s2p, s4p, s6p, s8p, and s12p.
De-embed
(Non-Cascading mode)
Cascading De-embed
(Cascading mode)
Bandwidth
Check the box to invert the S-Parameters from the signal. This removes the effects
of the component (for which the S-Parameters were created) from the signal path.
Auto – The bandwidth is de fined at the point where the signal rolls off to -60 dB. If
this results in a bandwidth greater than the instrument supports, the bandwidth is set
to ½ of the waveform’s sample rate (i.e. Nyquist Frequency).
Full Bandwidth – The bandwidth is set to ½ of the waveform’s sample rate (i.e.
Nyquist Frequency).
Manual – The bandwidth can set by the user from 1 Hz to ½ of the maximum sample
rate of the instrument. If the set Bandwidth is greater than the Nyquist (Sample rate
of the waveform/2), then the software limits the bandwidth to ½ of the waveform’s
sample rate. A warning message is provided.
AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 43
Page 54
Working with the AWG Apply S-Parameters
Item Description
Number of Ports Choose the number of ports. The port matrixes supported are 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12.
The number of p
• The type of S-Parameter file to apply
• The Signalling Scheme choice
• The port mat
S-Parameter
Signallin
(Only for 4, 8, and 12 ports)
Selection of the port
(No port s
environments)
Victim
Aggress
(Only for 8 and 12 ports)
Port Selection The Port Selection button is available only when in Cascading mode. Press the
File
g Scheme
election for 1 Port
or and Both
Navigate to t
that you are able to open is dependent on the number of ports selected. For instance,
only .s4p files can be opened if the Number of Ports is set to 4.
The files s up
Signle-En
the file to physical locations in your link.
Differential: If the data is differential, you must select the data layout in the file.
Use the diagrams to map the ports for the transmitter ports (Tx-Port) and the receiver
ports (Rx
When choosing the number of Ports, you are presented with an active diagram of
the ports. The diagram presented reflects the Number of Ports selected and the
ing Scheme (if appropriate for the ports selected).
Signall
The default setting with no cross-talk effects.
Victim:
Aggressor: Select this to activate aggressor signal parameters, adding the effect
of cross-talk.
Port Selection button to display an active dialog screen to map the ports for the
itter ports (Tx-Port) and the receiver ports (Rx-Port) for each stage.
transm
orts selected determines:
rixes available
he Touchstone file to apply to the signal. The type of Touchstone files
ported are s1p, s2p, s4p, s6p, s8p, and s12p.
ded: If the data is single-ended, you must map the port numbers as used in
-Port).
xxx
S-Parameter file descriptions
1-port
Files with one port of data contain only one S-parameter file (s1p) so they do not require any further input.
44 AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document
Page 55
Working with the AWG Apply S-Parameters
2-port
Files with data for two ports contain four S-parameters as a 2x2 matrix. These are Touchstone 2-port files
p). A dialog box is created to define the 2-port mapping.
(s2
4-Port
Files with data for four ports contain 16 S-parameters as a 4x4 matrix. These are Touchstone 4-port files
(s4p). They may contain single-ended or differential data. A dialog box is createdtodefinethe4-port
mapping for either single-ended or differential data.
If the data is single-ended, you must map the port numbers as used in the file to physical locations in
your link.
You can select the port for both transmitter and receiver from the drop-down list. Each drop-down list
has ports from 1 to 2.
If the data is differential, you must select the data layout in the file.
6-port
Files with data for six ports contain 36 S-parameters as a 6x6 matrix. These are Touchstone 6-port files
(s6p). A dialog box is created to define the 6-port mapping.
8-Port
Files with data for eight ports contain 64 S-parameters as an 8x8 matrix. These are Touchstone 8-port files
(s8p). They may contain single-ended or differential data. A dialog box is createdtodefinethe8-port
mapping for either single-ended or differential data.
If the data is single-ended, you must map the port numbers as used in the file to physical locations in
your link.
You can select the port for both transmitter and receiver from the drop-down list. Each drop-down list
has ports from 1 to 4.
If the data is differential, you must select the data layout in the file.
12-Port
Files with data for 12 ports contain 144 S-parameters as an 12x12 matrix. These are Touchstone 12-port
files (s12p). They may contain single-ended or differential data. A dialog box is created to define the
12-port mapping for either single-ended or differential data.
If the data is single-ended, you must map the port numbers as used in the file to physical locations in
your link.
You can select the port for both transmitter and receiver from the drop-down list. Each drop-down list
has ports from 1 to 6.
If the data is differential, you must select the data layout in the file.
AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 45
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Working with the AWG Sequence list
Aggressor signals
8 and 12 port S-parameters allows you to activate aggressor signal parameters and to add the effect of
cross-talk. 12 port S-parameters allows 2 Aggressor signal parameters.
AggressorscanbeaddedineitherNon-Cascading Mode or Cascading Mode.
The Aggressor signal parameters include:
Item Description
Signal Choose the type of aggressor signal with
• Clock: Indicates that the aggressor signal is a clock pattern.
• PBRS: Also choose the number of bits
• File: Indicates that the aggressor s
the Pattern file
• Same as victim: The signal flow of the aggressor is same as the victim.
Data Rate
Aggressor Amplitude Enter the signal amplitude.
Crosstalk Type Choose the type of crosstalk of the
xxx
Specify the data rate (in bps) of the signal.
This is not available when the Aggres
This is not available when the Aggre
• Near-End Crosstalk
• Far-End Crosstalk
• Both
the dropdown list:
ignal is another pattern file. Navigate to
sor signal is set to be the same as the victim.
ssor signal is set to be the same as the victim.
aggressor signal.
Sequence list
The Sequence List contains the available sequences. Sequencing (SEQ) must be licensed.
To add a sequence to the list, see Adding a sequence
To play a sequence track, it needs to be assigned to a channel. Refer to Assigning tracks to channels
Touchandholdorright-mouseclickonasequencetodisplayapop-upmenuoftools to modify, rename,
save, copy, and remove sequences.
(see page 47).
.
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Working with the AWG Adding a sequence
Item Description
Modify Sequence Opens the Sequence tab and loads the selected sequence into the sequence editor.
Refer to the section Sequence create and edit toolbar
Make a Copy Creates a copy of the selected sequence and places the copy in the Sequence List. The
copy is renam
Save Saves the se
Save As ... Opens a wind
name, it does not change the sequence name that appears in the Sequence List.
Rename
Remove
Remove All
Properties
xxx
Changes the sequence name currently displayed in the Sequence List.
Use Save or Save As .... to save the sequence with the new name.
Use remove to remove the selected sequence(s).
Remove Al
Display
(see page 52).
ed by adding a numerical suffix to the end of the original name.
quence to the specified location.
ow to save the sequence with a new file name. This only changes the file
l removes all sequences from the Sequence List.
s information about the sequence. Refer to the section Sequence properties
(see page 114).
Adding a sequence
To add a sequence to the Sequence List, select the Open Sequence button. This opens a Windows dialog
box that allows you to navigate to a saved sequence or setup file. If the sequence or setup file is a valid
ype , the sequences are added to the Sequence List and waveforms (used in the sequence) are added
file t
to the Waveform List. Once a sequence is in the Sequence List, a sequence track can be assigned to
a channel for playout.
Assigning tracks to a channel
ck here to see a list of valid sequence file types.
Cli
lid sequence file types
Va
EQX file format
.S
AWGX file format
.
(see page 49)
scription
De
quence file created by Tektronix AWG5200 Series instruments.
Se
etup file created by Tektronix AWG5200 Series instruments.
S
Setup files can contain multiple sequences and multiple waveforms.
NOTE. Opening a setup file from the Sequence List does not restore the
nstrument settings, only the sequences contained in the setup file are restored
i
along with any waveforms used in the sequences.
AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 47
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Working with the AWG Adding a sequence
Valid sequence
.AWG file forma
file types
t
Description
Setup file crea
ted by Tektronix AWG5000 or AWG7000 Series instruments.
NOTE. The Tektronix AWG5000 or AWG7000 Series instruments had predefined
waveforms available for use.
Saved setup files that used predefined waveforms did not save the actual waveform
data with the
used predefined waveforms will not import the waveforms. To import these types of
waveforms, first copy and rename the predefined waveform, then save the setup
file before i
setup, only the waveform name. Hence, importing setup files that
mporting.
NOTE. The Tektronix AWG5000 or AWG7000 Series instruments supported
subsequencing (using another sequence as a step in a sequence). Subsequences
ed as another sequence and added to the Sequences list.
le created by Tektronix AWG400, AWG500, or AWG600 Series
.SEQ file fo
xxx
rmat
are import
Sequence fi
instruments.
If selecting a setup type file containing multiple sequences, you are presented with the Available Sequences
dialog box that lists all sequences contained in the setup file. You can load all sequences or select a subset
of the se
quences. Waveforms that are part of any sequence are added to the Waveform List.
Available sequences
NOTE. When opening an AWG5200 Series setup file (.AWGX) from the Waveform or Sequence lists, only
waveforms and sequences are extracted; instrument settings contained in the setup file are not restored.
Use the Open File in the To o l b a r
(see page 19) to restore the settings, waveforms, and sequences from a
.AWGX setup file.
If you want any of the waveforms or sequences (extracted from a setup file) to be available outside of the
setup file, select and save each individual waveform.
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Working with the AWG Saving a sequence
Multi-sequence select
Through the Open Sequence menu in the Sequence List, you can select multiple sequence files to load
into the sequence list at once.
To select a contiguous block of files, click the first file in the block. Then hold down the Shift key as you
click the last file in the block. This will select not only those two files, but everything in between.
To select multiple files that are not a contiguous block, click one file. Then hold down the Ctrl key while
you click each additional desired file.
CAUTION. Loading a group of sequences will overwrite any existing sequence of the same name in the
Sequence L
ist without warning.
NOTE. Multiple sequence selection is not available from the Open File menu in the tool bar or from the
pull-do
wn list in the graphical waveform area.
Saving a sequence
To save a sequence, touch and hold on a sequence (or right mouse click) and select Save or Save As. This
a Windows dialog box that allows you to navigate to a location to save the sequence.
opens
Click here to see the list of valid sequence file types.
Valid file types Description
.SEQX file format Native sequence file.
.SEQ file format Sequence file for AWG5000 and AWG7000 series instruments.
See Sequence file format
of sequence file.
x
xx
Assigning tracks to a channel
A sequence can consist of up to eight different tracks. (A minimum of one track is required). To play a
equence track, you need to assign a track to a channel.
s
There are several methods to assign a sequence track to a channel.
Drag an entire sequence onto any channel’s plot area. This always assigns Track 1 to Channel 1.
If the sequence has multiple tracks, Track 2 is assigned to Channel 2, and so on until all tracks of
the sequence are assigned or all channels have been assigned a track. This is the track assignment
regardless of which channel you drag the sequence to.
(see page 191) for information about the format of this type
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Working with the AWG Assigning tracks to a channel
NOTE. Dragging a sequence in the plot area will overwrite an existing waveform or sequence track
currently assigned to any channel that the sequence will use.
Drag a track from a sequence onto a channel’s plot area. This assigns the specific track to a specific
channel.
Touch and hold (or right mouse click) on a sequence track in the Sequence List and use the pop-up
window to assign it to a channel.
Use the drop-down list in the channel’s plot area to assign the channel to play a sequence track.
You can choose sequence tracks from sequences already loaded into the Sequence List or you can
browse for sequence files. When browsing, you select the sequence file, and then select the track to
assign to the channel.
When assigning tracks from the same sequence to more than one channel, the channels are coupled
together. This requires that the waveforms be of equal length for each step of the tracks. In this case,
the Force Jump To... button actions are coupled together. See Forcing Jumps
information about the Force Jump To button.
(see page 119) for more
You can drag and drop (assign) a specific track from different sequences onto the channel’s graph area.
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Working with the AWG Edit a sequence
This gives you the freedom to play any track from any sequence. Since the tracks are from different
sequences, the channels are not coupled together.
You can mix playing sequence tracks and waveforms at the same time.
Assigning tr
If the Digital Up Converter (DIGUP) is licensed, IQ waveforms can be assigned to a channel for playout.
Hence a sequ
NOTE. Sequence tracks cannot mix IQ waveforms and real waveforms together in the same track.
If the Dig
playout, only their I or Q components can be assigned.
Sequenc
component of the IQ waveform you want the channel to play. If a track contains multiple IQ waveforms,
the I or Q selection applies to all IQ waveforms in the track.
acks containing IQ waveforms
ence that contains an IQ waveform can be played.
ital Up Converter (DIGUP) is not licensed, IQ waveforms cannot be assigned to a channel for
e tracks that contain an IQ waveform provide a drop down menu for you to choosewhich
Edit a sequence
You can select any sequence contained in the Sequence List to modify it or create a new sequence based on
the existing sequence. Select any sequence in the list, touch and hold (or right mouse click) to display
the sequence operations. Selecting Modify sequence opens the sequence in the Sequence tab window
for editing.
NOTE. You cannot edit a sequence from the Home tab. See Sequence tab overview
(see page 111).
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Working with the AWG Sequence properties
Sequence properties
You can select any sequence contained in the Sequence List to view its properties.
The Sequence Properties dialog screen provides many details about the Sequence that are static (not
able to modify).
The items you are able to modify include:
Recommended Sample Rate: This is typically defined by the sequence when it was created. You can
change the recommended sample rate as needed.
Recommended Amplitude: This is typically defined by the sequence when it was created. You can
change the recommended amplitude as needed.
Recommended Offset: This is typically defined by the sequence when it was created. You can change
the recommended offset as needed.
Recommended Frequency: This is typically defined by the sequence when it was created and is only
displayed if the sequence contains an IQ waveform. You can change the recommended frequency
as needed.
Recommended settings are used when the system is defined to use the sequence settings instead of the
system settings during playout. Refer to General setup
settings.
(see page 53) to enable use of the recommended
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Working with the AWG General setup overview
General setup overview
The General tab under Setup displays the controls to enable or disable certain global actions that are
not channel dependent.
General setup
Use the General setup tab to:
Enable all channels on play (see page 53)
Apply r
ecommended settings on assignment
Enable all channels on play
When enabled, all channels (loaded with a valid waveform or valid sequence) are enabled when the
out is initiated either from the user interface or the front-panel Play button. All Outputs Off control is
play
not affected.
er conditions about this control:
Oth
This control is disabled at the initial (first) startup of the AWG application.
Restoring the factory default settings does not reset this control.
Restarting the system does not reset this control.
This setting is not saved as part of a setup file.
(see page 54)
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Working with the AWG Apply recommended settings on assignment
Apply recommended settings on assignment
When enabled, the system attempts to use the waveform’s recommended settings (sample rate, amplitude,
and offset) when the waveform is assigned to a channel. This includes waveforms within sequence tracks
assigned to a
Other conditions about this control:
If the waveform is of an IQ type, the recommended frequency is also used.
If a recommended value is not included with the waveform, the current systemvalueremains
unchanged.
If a recommended value is not supported by the instrument, a warning messageisdisplayed.
channel.
Channel s
The Chan
Each channel has the same controls. Use the Channel pull-down list to select the channel you wish to
. Except for the Couple Settings control, all settings are independent for each channel, unless the
adjust
Couple Settings is active. Refer to the Couple channel settings
about how coupling works.
From the Channel setup page, you can:
Enab
Select the Channel output path (see page 57)
Set the Analog output amplitude (see page 57)
Set the Resolution (bits) (see page 61)
Set the Marker values (see page 60)
Change the Channel color (see page 63)
etup introduction
nel tab
le/disable the channel output
under Setup displays the controls to adjust and control the channel and marker outputs.
(see page 61) section for information
(see page 55)
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Working with the AWG Enable outputs / relay state
Set the Output Options (see page 63)
Output conditions of the Analog and Marker outputs when not actively playing a waveform
Set the DAC Options (see page 65)
Using Interpolation and sin(x)/x correction
Adjust the I
Using Interpolation and center frequency
/Q Modulator
(see page 67)
Channel setup
Enable outputs / relay state
From the Setup –> Channel tab, the Channel On/Off button internally connects and disconnects the Analog
puts, Marker outputs, and Aux outputs (using internal relays). When disconnected, the outputs are
out
electrically floating. Use the Channel select pull-down list to choose which channel to control. Refer to
Output options
The Channel tab (in Setup) and the Channel button icon displays the status of the channel’s output.
AWG5200 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 55
(see page 63) for further information about output conditions.
Page 66
Working with the AWG Enable outputs / relay state
The channel o
The channel
utput is not enabled (outputs are electrically disconnected).
output is enabled (outputs are electrically connected).
In this state, the waveform playout will proceed if there are no errors preventing playout, a trigger is supplied as defined
by the Run mode, and the All outputs off is not activated.
The channel is enabled but the All outputs off is active and the channel, markers, and flag outputs are disconnected.
xxx
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Working with the AWG Channel output path
Channel output path
The channel output path selector determines the signal path when the channel’s output is enabled.
All channel setup controls operate as explained in the Channel Setup (see page 54) section.
DC High BW: Outputs via the analog (+) and (–) differential output connectors, measured in units
of volts. This is the default signal path. If Option DC is licensed, a greater amplitude range is
available for this output path.
DC High Volt (Option HV): Outputs via the analog (+) and (–) differential output connectors,
measured in units of volts. DC High Volt provides greater amplitude range comparedtotheDC
High BW output path.
AC Direct: Outputs via the channel’s single-ended AC connector, measured in units of dBm. The AC
output uses the (+) connector of the channel’s analog pair.
AC Amplified (Option AC): Outputs via the channel’s single-ended AC connector, measured in units
of dBm. AC Amplified provides additional amplification compared to the AC Direct output path. The
AC output uses the (+) connector of the channel’s analog pair.
Refer to Amplitude
Amplitude
The amplitude sets the analog output level of the differential (+) to (–) outputs. The selected output mode
determines the available range and bandwidth. The amplitude can be set in volts or dB.
(see page 57) for information about the ranges of these settings.
The level shown on the Channel Setup tab is the same amplitude shown on the Home tab.
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Working with the AWG Amplitude
DC High BW output path
The output amplitude is adjustable from 25 mV
output (+) to (–) is 50 mV
to 1.5 V
p-p
. The offset range is –2 V to 2 V.
p-p
to 750 mV
p-p
for single-ended output. The differential
p-p
The bandwidth of this output mode is DC to 2 GHz.
With Option DC, the upper limit of the output is increased to 1.5 V
for single-ended output and 3 V
p-p
for differential output.
The level can be set independently for each channel, unless the Couple settings has been selected. See
Couple channel settings
(see page 61).
DC High Volt o utput path
p-p
The output amplitude is adjustable from 10 mV
(+) to (–) is 20 mV
to 10 V
p-p
. The offset range is –2 V to 2 V.
p-p
p-p
to 5 V
for single-ended output. The differential output
p-p
The level can be set independently for each channel, unless the Couple settings has been selected. See
Couple channel settings
.
AC Direct output path
AC Direct uses the single-ended AC output connector (+) of the channel.
The output is scaled in dBm with a range from –17 dBm to –5 dBm.
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Working with the AWG Amplitude
You can add a DC Bias to the output. Once a value is entered, you can enable and disable the DC Bias
without re-entering a value. The range is –5 V to 5 V.
The amplitude output is calibrated with a 100 MHz sinewave. When playing waveforms at other
frequenc
ies, the output amplitude may need to be adjusted to achieve the desired level.
AC Amplified output path
The AC Amplified output path requires Option AC.
AC Ampli
When set to AC Amplified, the output is scaled in dBm but has a higher amplitude output compared
to the A
The typical adjustable range is from –85 dBm to +10 dBm.
You can add a DC Bias to the output. Once a value is entered, you can enable and disable the DC Bias
without re-entering a value. The range is –5 V to 5 V.
The amplitude output is calibrated with a 100 MHz sinewave. When playing waveforms at other
frequencies, the output amplitude needs to be adjust to achieve the desired level.
fied uses the single-ended AC output connector (+) of the channel.
C Direct output path.
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Working with the AWG Markers
Markers
Each analog output channel is capable of providing up to four markers.
To enable the markers, the bit resolution for the channel must be set to include markers. Each marker uses
one bit (out of the possible 16). See Resolution bits
The voltage settings of the High and Low levels range between –500 mV and +1.75 V.
The High and Low settings are inter-dependent, requiring a minimum of 200 mV separation or a maximum
of 1.75 V separation between the settings. Adjusting either value forces a change to the other value, if
necessary, to maintain the minimum separation.
(see page 61).
Marker logic state timing
Marker outputs can change logic states on any sample point in the waveform. But once the logic state
changes, it must remain in that state long enough to satisfy the minimum pulse width requirement of 400 ps.
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Working with the AWG Resolution (bits)
Resolution (bits)
The bit resolution selection tells the instrument how your waveform was created, either with or without
markers, and sets the channel accordingly.
NOTE. It’s im
Selecting 16+0 Mkr indicates that your waveform is using the entire 16 bits for the waveform.
Selecting 15+1 Mkr indicates that your waveform is using 15 bits for the waveform and the least
significant bits for a single marker.
Selecting 14+2 Mkrs indicates that your waveform is using 14 bits for the waveform and the two least
significant bits for markers.
Selecting 13+3 Mkrs indicates that your waveform is using 13 bits for the waveform and the three
least significant bits for markers.
Selecting 12+4 Mkrs indicates that your waveform is using 12 bits for the waveform and the four least
significant bits for markers.
portant to know if the waveform you intend to assign to a channel is intended to use markers.
The resolution is selectable for each channel.
Couple channel settings
To ease the setup of multiple channels, you have the ability to couple the settings of the channels together,
allowing you to change channel settings simultaneously.
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Working with the AWG Couple channel settings
Coupling Description
None No channel coupling.
ALL
PAI R
When the Couple settings is set to ALL, the C hannel 1 settings initially overwrite the settings
of all other channels.
Once coupled, you can use any channel to make changes, but the changes to linked settings
always affects both channels.
When the Couple settings is set to PAIR, the initial settings are derived from the odd numbered
channel of each pair. (For example, CH1 to CH2, CH3 to CH4, etc. for all available channels.)
Once coupled, you can use either channel of a pair to make changes, but the changes to linked
settings always affects both channels in the pair.
NOTE. With a two-channel instrument, selecting PAIR performs the same type of coupling as
selecting ALL.
xxx
The following channel settings are coupled together:
put path
Out
Channel amplitude
Resolution (bits)
Marker High and Low values
Stop state
Wait state
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Working with the AWG Channel color
NOTE. The channel coupling does not affect the Run Mode coupling. The Run Mode coupling is set
from the Home tab.
Channel color
Use the channel color selection to change the screen color used to display the channel’s plot display
area on the home tab.
The color is used in the following displays and lights
Wavef o
Marker plots (on Home tab)
Front-panel LED for the channel analog output. (The channel LEDs light when the channel is enabled
for output.)
rm plots (on Home tab)
Output Options
The Output Options tab is accessed from the Channel screen of the Setup tab.
settings allow you to define the state of the outputs when the channel is enabled but a waveform
The
is not actively being played out (such as stopped with the play button, waiting for a trigger event, or
assigning a waveform to a channel).
When a channel’s output is off, its analog outputs and marker outputs are electrically disconnected
from the instrument (floating).
When a channel’s output is enabled, the outputs are electrically connected to the instrument, preparing
to play out a waveform.
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Working with the AWG Output Options
Output va
lue when stopped or waiting
A channel’s analog outputs and marker outputs have various output conditions:
Playing – The waveform (and markers if active) are being output.
Stopped – Waveform playout has been stopped. This can be due to pressing the Play button to stop the
waveform playout, the waveform is loading, or a clock change is in progress.
Waiting – The instrument is waiting for a trigger event, or the brief time betweenwhenawaveform
has finished loading and playout starts.
Sequence End – This is only displayed if Sequencing is available. These are the channel’s Analog
and Marker outputs when the end of a sequence is reached. The instrument continues to output the
indicated values.
Analog output settings
0 Volt – Output is set to 0 volts.Stopped state
Off – Output is disconnected (floating). There is no electrical connection between the output
connector and the instrument.
Waiting state
Sequence End state 0 Volt – Output is set to 0 volts.
Marker outputs settings
0 Volt – Output is set to 0 volts.
First Point – Output is set to the value of the first point of the waveform.
Low – Output is set to a logic low.Stopped state
Off – Output is disconnected (floating). There is no electrical connection between the output
connector and the instrument.
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Working with the AWG DAC Options
Marker outputs settings
Waiting state
Sequence End state Low – Output is set to a logic low.
xxx
The stopped
and waiting states are set independently of each other unless you’ve chosentocouplethe
Low – Output is set to a logic low.
High – Output is set to a logic high.
First Point – Output is set to the value of the first point of the waveform.
channel settings.
DAC Options
The DAC Options tab lets you make adjustments to the signal before reaching the DAC. The DAC
settings are independent for each channel. The block diagram included is an active diagram, depicting
the sign
al path as you make changes.
Enable DDR (2x Interpolation) – Available when option (x)50 (increased sampling rate) is installed.
DDR (Double Data Rate) doubles the output sampling rate for the channel by using interpolation filters.
This also doubles the Nyquist band, moving the image further away from the fundamental frequency.
The plot below shows an example of the amplitude versus frequency response with a clock frequency
of 5 GHz. As the clock frequency changes, the plot response scales with the frequency.
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Working with the AWG DAC Options
The following illustration shows how the Nyquist images move when DDR is enabled.
DDR is disabled when the DAC mode is set to Mix or RZ. When DDR is enable, the only DAC
modeavailableisNRZ.
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Working with the AWG I/Q Modulator
DDR can be enabled from this screen or the I/Q Modulator screen if the Digital Up Conversion
(DIGUP) is licensed for use on the generator.
Enable sin(x)/x Correction – Add the Sin(x)/x filter to the signal path to create a flat output response
from the DAC.
DACMode–Selecttheoperationmodeofthe DAC. The modes provides the ability to place a carrier
anywhere in the first three Nyquist zones. See the plot below for characteristics of each mode.
NRZ: Normal operating mode.
RZ: The rising edge clocks data and the falling edge clocks zero.
Mix: The falling edge sample is the complement of the rising edge sample value. (Not available
when DDR is enabled.)
I/Q Modulator
The I/Q Modulator tab is available if the Digital Up Conversion (DIGUP) is licensed for use on the
generator.
The modulator is automatically activated when an IQ waveform is assigned to the channel. The modulator
is bypassed when a real waveform is assigned to the channel.
When the Digital Up Converter (DIGUP) is licensed, IQ sample pairs are fed to the IQ modulator and the
result is sent to the DAC. The I/Q Modulator tab lets you make adjustments to the signal before reaching
the DAC. The DAC settings are independent for each channel. The block diagram included is an active
diagram, depicting the signal path as you make changes.
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Page 78
Working with the AWG I/Q Modulator
NOTE. If you select a channel with no waveform assigned, the I/Q Modulator tab is active, allowing you to
enable DDR and set the IQ Interpolation. These settings will be in effect if an IQ waveform is assigned to
the channel. The center frequency can not be set until an IQ waveform is assigned.
Center Frequency – The center frequency of the IQ waveform can be adjust from 1 Hz to 1/2 the
output sample rate. The available output sample rate is affected by the instrument’s sample rate option
(2.5 GS/s or 5 GS/s) and whether or not DDR is enabled.
Enable DDR (2x Interpolation) – Enabling DDR, doubles the output sample rate for the channel by
using interpolation filters. This also doubles the Nyquist band, moving the image further away from
undamental frequency.
the f
NOTE. DDR does not double the instrument sampling clock rate. D DR only doubles the output sampling
rate.
When an IQ waveform is assigned to any channel, the instrument’s sample rate can not be adjust below 2.5
GS/s.
DDR can be enabled from this screen or the DAC Options screen.
Baseband IQ Interpolation – The IQ Interpolation divides the baseband IQ data input rate. 2x is the
default setting, dividing the baseband IQ data input rate to 1/2 the instrument’s sampling rate. You can
hoose to further divide this by factors of 2x or 4x.
c
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Working with the AWG Clock introduction
Generating IQ waveforms at lower sampling rates reduces the waveform’s size.
Clock introduction
The Clock Setup determines the waveform output sample rate and the source used to drive the sample
clock signal. The Reference In signal input is provided to help you synchronize the AWG to your system
using your own reference signal, and the Reference Out signal performs a similar function by making
the AWG's internal frequency source available to other equipment.
Clock Setu
p
Sample Rate
The Sample Rate box allows you to set your desired sampling rate. When setting Clock and Reference
Source to Internal or Reference In, External 10 MHz, the instrument automatically creates the sampling
rate (based on a 10 MHz reference signal). When the reference source is set to use an external variable
signal, you can still enter a sampling rate, but its value must be a multiple of the reference signal.
Below the Sample Rate box, the actual clock rate is given.
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Working with the AWG Clock and Reference Sources
See Clock and Reference Sources (see page 70) for more detailed information about sampling rates
and reference signals.
Clock and Reference Sources
The Clock and Reference Sources controls let you choose what signal source you want to use as a
frequency reference for the clock signal. The following table describes each of the settings and how
the clock si
You can refer to the simplified block diagram to help understand how the choices affect the signal paths.
Internal For general use, this method is usually adequate.
Reference in, External
10MHz
Reference In, External
Variable
gnals are derived.
The clock is derived from the instrument’s internal 10 MHz oscillator as the reference signal.
The reference is automatically multiplied or divided, based on the selected Sample Rate.
Use this selection if you w ant to use your own 10 MHz system frequency as a reference.
The clock is derived from the 10 MHz signal applied to the Reference In connector. The
reference is automatically multiplied or divided, based on the selected Sample Rate.
Use this selection if you want to use your own system frequency as a reference. This
reference frequency must be between 35 MHz and 250 MHz. The clock is then derived from
the signal applied to the Reference In connector.
When this selection is chosen, use the External Reference Details controls to set or calculate
the Sample Rate based on the reference i n frequency.
The first item to enter is the Reference In frequency. You can enter the value manually or use
the Detect actual freq button to measure the frequency of the applied signal.
r you have the frequency value, you can set the Sample Rate or calculate the Sample
Afte
Rate.
With the User enters pull-down list, you have three choices:
Sample Rate: you enter the Sample Rate directly and the Reference In signal is multiplied
ivided as needed to obtain the desired Sample Rate.
or d
tiplier: Enter a value to multiply the Reference In signal, calculating the Sample Rate.
Mul
vider: Enter a value to divide the Reference In signal, calculating the Sample Rate. If
Di
an IQ waveform is assigned to a channel, Divider is not available.
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Working with the AWG Clock and Reference Sources
Clock In, Exte
Variable
rnal
Use this selec
connector. The clock signal must be between 2.5 GHz and 5 GHz.
tion if you want to provide your own system clock signal applied to the Clock In
When this selection is chosen, use the External Clock Details controls to set or calculate the
Sample Rate ba
sed on the clock in frequency.
The first item to enter is the Clock In frequency. You can enter the value manually or use the
Detect actual freq button to measure the frequency of the applied signal.
After you have the frequency value, you can set the Sample Rate or calculate the Sample
Rate.
With the User enters pull-down list, you have two choices:
Multiplier: Enter a value to multiply the Clock In signal, calculating the Sample Rate.
Divider: Enter a value to divide the Clock In signal, calculating the Sample Rate. If an IQ
waveform is assigned to a channel, Divider is not available.
Jitter Reduction
Jitter Reduction limits the resolution setting of the Sample Rate when using the internal clock
or an external reference.
Clock Out Click to enable the Clock Out signal. The Clock Out signal is based on the Sample Rate and
helps you synchronize the AWG to your system or DUT, or to synchronize multiple AWGs.
When enabled, the actual clock frequency is reported.
Clock Out is not available when the clock source is set to Clock In, External Variable.
xxx
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Working with the AWG Clock and Reference Sources
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Working with the AWG Clock output
Clock output
The Clock Out signal is provided to help you synchronize the AWG to your system or DUT, or to
synchronize multiple AWGs. Click the box to enable the output.
The Clock Out frequency is a ratio based on the Sample Rate setting. The Clock Out readout (in the
clock settings panel) provides the actual clock out frequency. (The frequency value is shown only when
Clock out is
NOTE. The Clock Out frequency will free-run if using an external variable reference and the instrument
loses lock with the signal. Lock can be lost if there is no valid signal applied to the reference input or the
actual signal frequency is different than the value entered in the Reference In freq dialog box.
enabled.)
Trigger control
Triggers control when a waveform starts to output, after the Play button has been pressed. A trigger event
is neces
sary when the instrument’s Run Mode is set to a triggered condition.
Trigger control (Run mode
ssed from the AWG Home tab and is unique for each channel unless the Run modes have been
is acce
coupled together.
(see page 73), Trigger Source (see page 74), Trigger coupling (see page 75))
Run mode
Triggers (Run mode) control when a waveform is output after the Play button is pressed. Each channel can
use independent Run modes and trigger events.
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Working with the AWG Trigger control
Run mode
Run mode (accessed from the AWG Home tab) has four selections:
Continuo
event. The waveform continues to repeat until stopped by the user.
Trig ger
complete waveform cycle and remains stopped until the next trigger event. Using a triggered run mode
requires that you select the trigger source. See Trigger source
Waveform playout cannot be retriggered until the current waveform playout completes an entire
cycle on all channels.
Trig ’d Con t.: Waveform playout starts when a trigger event occurs. Once a trigger event occurs,
waveform plays continuously until stopped by the user. (Retriggering is not required nor has any
effect.) Using a triggered run mode requires that you select the trigger source. See Trigger source
page 74).
Gated: Waveform playout starts when a trigger event occurs. The waveform continues to play while
the trigger is enabled. Using a triggered run mode requires that you select the trigger source. See
Trigger source
us: Waveform play out starts when the Play button is pressed, without the need for a trigger
ed: Waveform play out starts when the trigger event occurs. Waveform playout stops after one
(see page 74).
(see page 74).
Trigger source
he trigger source
T
or Trig’d Cont.).
selection only appears when the Run mode is set to a triggered mode (Triggered
(see
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Working with the AWG Trigger control
Trigger source
The trigger sources available include:
A: The A External Trigger input (rear-panel Trigger Inputs) is used as the source for a trigger event.
The A Force Trigger button is also active.
B: The B External Trigger input (rear-panel Trigger Inputs) is used as the source for a trigger event.
The B Force Trigger button is also active.
Internal: An internally generated trigger signal is used as the trigger source. (TheAandBForce
Trigger buttons are not active.)
Internal trigger source is not available when the Run mode is set to Gated.
When using a trigger event to start the waveform playout, you need to define the trigger parameters. Use
the Trigger setup window (located in the Setup tab). See Trigger input settings
NOTE. Each channel can use an independent trigger source or use the same trigger source for all
channels by coupling the triggers together.
(see page 76).
Trigger coupling
You have the ability to couple the Run mode and Trigger source together, allowing you to change
triggering mode settings to all channels simultaneously.
When triggering is initially linked, the Channel 1 settings overwrite all other channels. But once coupled,
you can use any channel to make changes.
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Working with the AWG Trigger input settings
Trigger input settings
When using a trigger source (Internal or External), you need to define the signal requirements to cause a
trigger event.
Use the Trigger setup screen
Trigger
(located in AWG Setup tab).
Internal Trigger
When the trigger selection is set to Internal (AWG Home screen), the trigger event is generated from
the instrument’s internal clock.
The only setting for the internal trigger is the interval (1 μs to 10 s) at which the trigger signal is generated.
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Working with the AWG Trigger input settings
External Trigger
The instrument has two external trigger inputs, A and B. Use the Trigger screen to define the trigger
conditions of each input.
Two channel instruments can use independent trigger sources for each channel.
Item Description
Level
Polarity
Trigger Level sets the threshold that the external trigger input signal must cross for a trigger
event to occur.
Select values from –5 V to 5 V.
Trigger Polarity
for a trigger event to occur.
sets which slope to use (rising or falling edge) of the external trigger input signal
Trigger polarity
Impedance
Timing
xxx
Trigger Impedance sets the impedance of the External Trigger inputs to match the impedance
of the external source driving the external trigger input signal.
See Rear-panel connectors
Trigger Timing is the trigger timing speed in relation to the frequency of the sampling clock speed.
Trigger timing is selectable between Fast or Slow for when using an external input:
Fast (Asynchronous) triggering provides the smallest delay between the trigger event and
starting the waveform playout.
Slow (Synchronous) triggering slows the trigger clock rate to provide a longer setup time,
making it easier to align timing events between equipment.
See Trigger timing
trigger timing.
(see page 78) for more information about asynchronous and synchronous
(see page 207).
PatternJumpInput
When using Sequencing, the Pattern Jump Input is available as a trigger source.
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Working with the AWG Trigger timing
Item Description
Strobe Edge Sets which slope to use (rising or falling edge) of the pattern jump strobe input signal for a trigger
.
connector.
Jump on strobe
always
xxx
event to occur
A jump based on a pattern requires two things: a strobe edge and an address change at the
Pattern Input
With this checked, a jump always occurs on the strobe edge.
See Creating a Pattern jump (see page 123) for more information.
Trigger timing
The Timing control in the Trigger setup window allows you to select the method most suited to your
application.
Fast (Async) is appropriate for situations like these:
You do not need trigger timing uncertainty better than ± (sample clock period) / 2.
You are using a single trigger event to start AWG output.
You want to minimize trigger uncertainty without synchronizing the AWG to your external system
or device under test (DUT).
Slow (Sync) is useful if your application is like one of these examples:
You need to minimize trigger uncertainty and have the ability to synchronize your trigger signal to
the AWG clocks using one or more of these signal inputs/outputs: Reference In, Reference Out,
Clock Out, or Sync Out.
You are using a trigger signal from your system to the AWG to achieve tight alignment between
the AWG and your external system.
You are synchronizing multiple AWGs.
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Working with the AWG Trigger timing
To understand the difference between these choices, you need some background on the AWGs internal
clock signals.
The internal sample clock signal is what causes the DAC to output waveform samples.
The DAC’s output sample rate is generally a multiple of the sample clock or divided down from
thesampleclock.
The sample clock is always a value between 2.5 GHz and 5 GHz, while the sample rate can be
anywhere from 298 Samples/s to 5 GSamples/s.
TheClockOutsignalisthesameastheinternalsampleclock. TheSyncOutisanother timing signal
provided. The Clock Out signal can be used in synchronizing the AWG to your external device or
system. The Sync Out signal is used to directly synchronize an AWG5200 series instrument with another
AWG5200 s
The AWG determines when a trigger event has occurred by comparing the trigger input signal’s voltage
level ag
rising and falling edges of the Sample Clock signal for Fast trigger timing, and at the rising edge of the
Sample Clock signal divided by 32 if Slow trigger timing is selected.
The Sample Clock period for Fast (Async) trigger timing can be as short as 200 ps (for 5 GS/s sample
rate). If the trigger signal applied to the AWG misses its setup/hold window by being either too early or
too late, it will be recognized in the previous or next cycle, leading to an 400 ps uncertainty for Fast
(Async) mode if you do not use one or more of the clock signals to synchronize your trigger events to
the AWG sample clock.
eries instrument.
ainst the trigger level you have set in the Trigger setup window. This comparison occurs at the
Minimum trigger uncertainty is achieved by using a shared clock and/or reference signals to insure that your
trigger event arrives at a consistent location within the selected Trigger Timing clock cycle. The Sample
ck period for Slow (Sync) trigger timing is 32 times longer than for the Fast (Async) trigger timing.
Clo
This extra time makes it easier for your system to assert the trigger event within the setup/hold window.
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Working with the AWG Adjust skew
Adjust skew
The Skew adjustments is accessed from the Setup tab.
The Skew and delay adjustments dialog screen is used to:
ust the relative timing (skew) between the analog channels
Adj
Adjust the relative timing (delay) of the marker outputs (for each channel)
Adjust the phase of all output signals relative to the system clock
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Working with the AWG Adjust skew
Skew adjustments
Analog channel skew adjustments
With multi-channel instruments, the channel outputs might not always be perfectly aligned, due to many
factors such as differences in cable lengths.
In the Setup menu, select the Skew tab and then the Analog Channels tab to display the channel skew. You
can adjust the relative timing of every available channel output within the range of ±2 ns.
NOTE. Adjusting channel skew is best accomplished by viewing the outputs of the channels on an
oscilloscope while adjusting.
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Working with the AWG Adjust skew
Marker delay adjustment
The Marker Delay adjustment is accessed from the Skew tab in the Setup tab.
Four markers are available for each channel. Use the Channel pull-down list to select which markers to
adjust.
You can adjust the relative timing of each marker within the range of ±2 ns. The marker delay is referenced
to the channel’s analog output.
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Working with the AWG Adjust skew
Signal output phase adjustment
The Phase adjustment for all signal outputs is accessed from the Skew tab in the Setup tab.
The Pha
output signals between multiple instruments. The phase adjustment is relative to the system clock and can
be adjusted in degrees or time.
When adjusting as degrees, the range is ±8640 °.
When
GS/s,therangeis9.6ns.
Out
The phase adjustment is only useful when the instrument is externally triggered.
se adjustment allows you to adjust the phase of all signal outputs (except for clocks) to synchronize
adjusted in time, the range is based on the system clock. At 5 GS/s, the range is ±4.8 ns. At 2.5
puts from the Analog channels, Markers, and Aux output connectors are all affected.
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Working with the AWG Sync (synchronization) overview
Sync (synchronization) overview
The Sync tab is used to prepare the instrument for use in a synchronized system, synchronizing the outputs
of multip
le instruments. Can
NOTE. This synchronization can only be used to s ynchronize AWG5200 series waveform generators.
Using synchronization
1. Configure the instrument as either the Master or Slave.
Select if the instrument is the Master (supplying the synchronization signal) or the Slave (receiving
the synchronization signal).
Selecting Master causes the following actions:
Aux Out controls are disabled. Flags for sequencing are not available on the Master instrument.
2. Select Enable to prepare the instrument for synchronization.
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Working with the AWG Setup for multiple instrument synchronization (Real and IQ waveforms)
Selecting Enable causes the following action:
Sync Clock Out (on rear panel) is activated and provides a synchronization signal if the instrument
is the Master.
Sync In (on rear panel) is activated to accept the sync signal from the Sync Clock Out connector.
Each instrument to be included in the synchronized system must have synchronization enabled and the
proper type selected (Master or Slave).
By default, Synchronization is disabled.
Setup for multiple instrument synchronization (Real and IQ waveforms)
The following setup and information applies to the synchronization of any number of instruments. Eight
are used in the example.
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Working with the AWG Setup for multiple instrument synchronization (Real and IQ waveforms)
Power and heat
The power rating for an AWG5208 is <500 W. For nine instruments, the power needed is less than 4.5 kW,
perhaps clos
less. If all nine instruments are AWG5208, the amount of line current needed is in the 30-37 Ampere (rms)
range. Additional instruments, such as a high-bandwidth oscilloscope and master trigger source, also
require power. Be careful not to run too much current through circuit breakers and power strips.
As an example, in the following setup two 20 A circuits were used for the AWG5208/AWG5204
instruments and a third 20 A circuit for the oscilloscope and master trigger source. This allowed us to
run four AWG5208 plus one AWG5204 on a single 20 A circuit. Be aware of potential excess heat when
running multiple instruments. In this setup, instruments were located in a dead-air zone near walls;
therefor
e, a small auxiliary fan was placed between the instrument stacks to aid circulation.
considerations
e to 4 kW. If some of the instruments are AWG5204 or AWG5202, the power draw is a little
Clock distribution
A common clock is necessary for all instruments to have the same frame timing. A frame is a group of 32
samples that are processed and played as a single unit. Keeping cables the same length can keep the clock
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Working with the AWG Setup for multiple instrument synchronization (Real and IQ waveforms)
phase aligned. This clock is provided by the trigger-AWG5208 and distributed to all the instruments to
be synchronized.
The output clock of the trigger-AWG5208 has a nominal amplitude of +4 dBm, and it does have variance
over the 2.5-5.0 GHz frequency response. In an 8 instrument setup, an 8-way power splitter might have
about 10 dB of
2.5-5.0 GHz band. If the clock output from the trigger-AWG5208 were connected directly to the splitter,
then the “Clock in” amplitudes would be below the minimum specified 0 dBm amplitude. A 10 dB
amplifier would be ideal to boost the power to the splitter.
If 20-22 dB amplifier is connected directly to the clock output, it can create a large amount of odd-order
distortion because the output power is well beyond its linear range. Therefore, a 10 dB attenuator was
added at the amplifier input to keep the amplifier operating within its linear range. The eight outputs
of the splitter should be verified to ensure >0 dBm power at 2.5-5.0 GHz clock. For the verification
measurem
connecting to an AWG5208 clock input or with a 50 Ω SMA termination resistor. A Tektronix RSA306B
or similar instrument can be used for verification.
It is not necessary for the SMA clock outputs to be phase matched. We used the same length cables
because it was convenient to do so.
The following image shows the trigger AWG5208, master trigger input, clock amplifier, and splitter.
attenuation (input to each output channel) and it also has some amplitude variance over the
ent, all splitter ports must be terminated. Ports that are not being measured can be terminated by
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Working with the AWG Setup for multiple instrument synchronization (Real and IQ waveforms)
Trigger distribution
A master trigger signal is provided to the trigger-AWG5208 “trigger A” input. This trigger can have any
timing. It does not need to be at any rate or have any edge-synchronous timing. The master trigger also
could be a push-button digital signal or a frequency generator and is not necessarily phase-locked to any
he AWG5208 clocks. The requirement is that the trigger pulse width is 20 ns or greater, and the
of t
repetition rate (if there is any repetition at all) meets the holdoff requirement (longest waveform length +
1.4 μs). Repetition rates greater than 525 kHz cannot be used for 5 GS/s trigger waveforms, and rates
greater than 415 kHz cannot be used for 2.5 GS/sec. If users play longer waveforms (longer than 2500
samples) the maximum repetition rate is slower.
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Working with the AWG Measurement for alignment
In this example, trigger cables were easy to set up. 72 inch cables were long enoughtoreachthe
instruments we arranged in two stacks, one cable per synchronized instrument. We recommend using
same-length c
large mismatches are possible, but will make adjustment difficult. (Mismatches of more than 2 ns may
require the intelligent creation of new trigger waveforms similar to those provided with the software.)
Photo below: Trigger and clock inputs on three synchronized instruments
ables. Any trigger-delay-mismatch between instruments will need to be adjusted. Fairly
surement for alignment
Mea
rder to align, you need to measure what you want to align. A suitable oscilloscope is required to
In o
obtain alignment. The alignment result will only be as good as the oscilloscope used to measure timing
differences between its inputs. A 4 channel DPO70000 series oscilloscope is a good choice. In this
example, a DSA73304D was used. The setup is shown below with an AFG3252 random trigger source on
top, and two of the AWG5208 instruments to the right.
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Working with the AWG Measurement for alignment
Setup fi
Multi-instrument synchronization setup files can be loaded anytime after the instruments have been
powered on and the AWG application starts. These files are provided with the latest instrument software.
les
Settings for the Trigger AWG5208
1. Load setup file: multibox_trigger.awgx.
All channels will have the multibox_trig__nominal waveform applied. This waveform is a 100-sample
pulsethatisdelayedtwoframes(64samples). A100-samplepulsehasa20nsduration when the
sample rate is 5 GS/s, so the pulse duration always meets the AWG5208 trigger requirement. The
waveform length is 2500 samples, 500 ns at 5 GS/s sample rate. The channels are set for “DC High
Bandwidth” path with amplitude 1.2 Vpp, which makes the CHn+ output 0.6 V peak. There are
other waveforms available that will advance or delay the pulse relative to nominal. At startup, all
channels are set to nominal.
2. Clock rate is 5.0 GS/sec.
This clock is used for all synchronized instruments. A different setting can be used if desired, 2.5 to
5.0 GS/sec. The clock setting is “Internal” and “Clock Out” is checked.
3. Trigger is set set to 500 mV level, rising edge, 50 Ω input.
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