x
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual
ZZZ
*P077147303*
077-147-303
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator
User's Manual
tek.com
*P077147303*
077147303
Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by
Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and
international treaty provisions.
Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information
in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Specifications and
price change privileges reserved.
TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.
Contacting Tektronix, Inc.
Tektronix, Inc.
14150 SW Karl Braun Drive
P.O. Box 500
Beaverton, OR 97077
USA
For product information, sales, service, and technical support:
- In North America, call 1-800-833-9200.
- Worldwide, visit tek.com to find contacts in your area.
Warranty
Tektronix warrants that the product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a
period of three (3) years from the date of original purchase from an authorized Tektronix distributor. If
the product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the
defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the
defective product. Batteries are excluded from this warranty. Parts, modules and replacement
products used by Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance.
All replaced parts, modules and products become the property of Tektronix.
In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the
expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service.
Customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center
designated by Tektronix, shipping charges prepaid, and with a copy of customer proof of purchase.
Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the
country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all
shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations.
This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or
inadequate maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this
warranty a) to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix
representatives to install, repair or service the product; b) to repair damage resulting from improper
use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage or malfunction caused by the
use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modified or integrated with
other products when the effect of such modification or integration increases the time or difficulty of
servicing the product.
THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT IN LIEU OF
ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM
ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.
TEKTRONIX' RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE
SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS
WARRANTY. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT,
SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER
TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGES.
[W16 – 15AUG04]
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual v
List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... 9
Table of Contents
Important safety information ................................................................................................. xv
Important safety information ............................................................................................................... xv
General safety summary ..................................................................................................................... xv
To avoid fire or personal injury .................................................................................................................. xv
Terms in this manual ......................................................................................................................... xvii
Service safety summary .................................................................................................................... xvii
Symbols and terms on the product ................................................................................................... xviii
Compliance information ........................................................................................................ xix
EMC compliance ................................................................................................................................ xix
EC Declaration of Conformity – EMC ....................................................................................................... xix
Australia / New Zealand Declaration of Conformity – EMC ....................................................................... xx
Safety compliance ............................................................................................................................... xx
EU declaration of conformity – low voltage ............................................................................................... xx
Equipment type ......................................................................................................................................... xx
Safety class ............................................................................................................................................... xx
Pollution degree descriptions .................................................................................................................... xx
Pollution degree rating ............................................................................................................................. xxi
IP rating .................................................................................................................................................... xxi
Measurement and overvoltage category descriptions .............................................................................. xxi
Mains overvoltage category rating ........................................................................................................... xxi
Environmental considerations ............................................................................................................ xxi
Product end-of-life handling ............................................................................................................... xxi
Preface.................................................................................................................................. xxiii
Getting started ................................................................................................................................... xxiii
General features and benefits ........................................................................................................... xxiii
Key performance specifications ........................................................................................................ xxiii
General model information ............................................................................................................... xxiv
Accessories ...................................................................................................................................... xxiv
Standard accessories ............................................................................................................................. xxiv
Optional accessories ............................................................................................................................... xxv
Contact information ........................................................................................................................... xxv
Extended warranty ............................................................................................................................ xxv
Getting started .......................................................................................................................... 1
Before installation .................................................................................................................................. 1
Operating requirements ........................................................................................................................ 1
Table of Contents
vi AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual
Check and protect connectors ..................................................................................................................... 2
Floating ground ........................................................................................................................................... 3
Protect your DUT ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Equivalent output circuits ............................................................................................................................ 5
Protection from overheating ........................................................................................................................ 5
Clean the instrument ................................................................................................................................... 6
Instrument interface .............................................................................................................................. 6
Front-panel overview ................................ ................................................................................................... 6
Shortcut keys (front panel) .......................................................................................................................... 7
Default setup ............................................................................................................................................... 8
Adjust waveform settings ............................................................................................................................ 9
Select waveform ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Basic function modes ................................................................................................................................ 13
Rear panel overview ................................................................................................................................. 14
USB interface ............................................................................................................................................ 15
Channel selection ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Output on and off ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Remote communications options .............................................................................................................. 15
Operating basics ..................................................................................................................... 17
Power the instrument .......................................................................................................................... 17
Touchscreen interface......................................................................................................................... 18
Basic mode default screen ........................................................................................................................ 18
Advanced mode default screen ................................................................................................................. 19
ArbBuilder settings .................................................................................................................................... 20
Add or remove an app ............................................................................................................................... 21
Utility menu ............................................................................................................................................... 23
Function introduction ............................................................................................................. 25
Basic mode ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Touchscreen swipe areas ......................................................................................................................... 25
Create a pulse waveform .......................................................................................................................... 27
Open or save arbitrary waveforms ............................................................................................................ 28
Create noise or DC ................................................................................................................................... 29
Create a burst waveform ........................................................................................................................... 29
Sweep a waveform ................................................................................................................................ .... 32
Modulate a waveform ................................................................................................................................ 34
Trigger out ................................................................................................................................................. 40
Align two-channel signals .......................................................................................................................... 41
Set up load impedance ............................................................................................................................. 42
Invert waveform polarity ............................................................................................................................ 43
Add noise .................................................................................................................................................. 45
Add an external signal ............................................................................................................................... 46
Create a differential signal......................................................................................................................... 48
External reference clock ............................................................................................................................ 49
Synchronize multiple instruments .............................................................................................................. 50
USB flash drive ......................................................................................................................................... 54
Save or recall instrument setup ................................................................................................................. 55
Save a screen image ................................................................................................................................ 55
Tutorials .............................................................................................................................................. 55
Tutorial: How to select a waveform and adjust settings ............................................................................ 56
Tutorial: How to create a sine waveform ................................................................................................... 56
InstaView overview ............................................................................................................................. 57
Using InstaView ........................................................................................................................................ 57
Change settings ........................................................................................................................................ 63
Table of Contents
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual vii
Advanced mode .................................................................................................................................. 65
Advanced output modes ........................................................................................................................... 66
Advanced sequence list ............................................................................................................................ 66
Advance waveform list .............................................................................................................................. 67
Advanced setting bar ................................................................................................................................ 68
Sequence table ......................................................................................................................................... 70
Sequence mode ........................................................................................................................................ 71
Tutorial: How to use advanced mode ........................................................................................................ 74
Making advanced mode connections ........................................................................................................ 74
Using advanced mode .............................................................................................................................. 75
Utility menu options ............................................................................................................................. 82
System menu settings ............................................................................................................................... 83
Diagnostics and calibration functions ........................................................................................................ 87
Input and output interface ......................................................................................................................... 90
Security menu settings .............................................................................................................................. 91
Firmware menu settings ............................................................................................................................ 92
License ...................................................................................................................................................... 94
Help ..................................................................................................................................................... 94
ArbBuilder ........................................................................................................................................... 95
Create an arbitrary waveform .................................................................................................................... 96
Create a standard waveform ..................................................................................................................... 96
Create a waveform using equations .......................................................................................................... 97
Open a waveform with ArbBuilder ........................................................................................................... 105
Draw a waveform with ArbBuilder ........................................................................................................... 106
Edit a waveform with ArbBuilder ............................................................................................................. 107
Send a waveform to CH1/CH2 ................................................................................................................ 112
Modify an arbitrary waveform .................................................................................................................. 112
ArbExpress information ....................................................................................................... 113
ArbExpress information ..................................................................................................................... 113
ArbExpress software ......................................................................................................................... 114
Basic operations ...................................................................................................................................... 116
Application examples ........................................................................................................... 119
Application examples ........................................................................................................................ 119
Lissajous patterns ............................................................................................................................. 119
Measurement of filter characteristics ................................................................................................ 122
Motor speed control by pulse-width modulation ............................................................................... 124
Carrier null (frequency modulation) ................................................................................................... 125
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual ix
Figure 1: AFG31000 Series two-channel front panel .................................................... 1
Figure 2: AFG31000 Series front-panel inputs and outputs ......................................... 2
Figure 3: AFG31000 Series floating ground ................................................................. 3
Figure 4: High and low voltage limits ............................................................................ 4
Figure 5: AFG output circuits ........................................................................................ 5
Figure 6: AFG31000 Series front-panel overview ......................................................... 6
Figure 7: Amplitude button active ................................................................................. 7
Figure 8: High button active .......................................................................................... 8
Figure 9: Default button message ................................................................................. 8
Figure 10: Touchscreen ..............................................................................................11
Figure 11: Select continuous function .........................................................................11
Figure 12: Sine waveform select .................................................................................12
Figure 13: Select Arb waveform ..................................................................................12
Figure 14: Sin(x)/x waveform select ............................................................................13
Figure 15: AFG31000 Series rear-panel connectors ..................................................14
Figure 16: Type A and B USB connectors ..................................................................15
Figure 17: TekVISA instrument selection, Talker Listener ..........................................16
Figure 18: AFG31000 Series two-channel front view .................................................17
Figure 19: Touchscreen main display .........................................................................18
Figure 20: One-channel AFG home screen ................................................................19
Figure 21: Two-channel advanced mode home screen ..............................................19
Figure 22: One-channel sequence screen ..................................................................20
Figure 23: ArbBuilder home screen ............................................................................20
Figure 24: Add Apps icon active .................................................................................21
Figure 25: Navigating to the downloaded app ............................................................22
Figure 26: New app available .....................................................................................22
Figure 27: Bottom swipe area .....................................................................................25
Figure 28: Bottom swipe area tabs .............................................................................26
Figure 29: Top swipe area ..........................................................................................26
Figure 30: Pulse period width .....................................................................................27
Figure 31: Bottom swipe area .....................................................................................28
Figure 32: ArbBuilder tab ............................................................................................29
Figure 33: Burst pulse waveform ................................................................................30
Figure 34: Gated burst waveform ...............................................................................31
List of Figures
List of Figures
x AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual
Figure 35: Sweep waveform settings ..........................................................................32
Figure 36: Oscilloscope sweep waveform ..................................................................33
Figure 37: Oscilloscope amplitude modulation waveform ..........................................34
Figure 38: Waveform-modulation equations ...............................................................35
Figure 39: Modulation type..........................................................................................36
Figure 40: Select pulse ...............................................................................................37
Figure 41: Select modulation ......................................................................................37
Figure 42: PWM source settings .................................................................................38
Figure 43: Deviation settings ......................................................................................38
Figure 44: Shape settings ...........................................................................................39
Figure 45: CH1 frequency 5 MHz ...............................................................................41
Figure 46: Align Phase CH1 and CH2 ........................................................................42
Figure 47: Copy channel 1 to channel 2 .....................................................................43
Figure 48: Invert channel 1 and channel 2 wave polarity ...........................................44
Figure 49: Inverted sine wave .....................................................................................44
Figure 50: No noise .....................................................................................................45
Figure 51: Waveform after noise is added ..................................................................46
Figure 52: External signal before noise ......................................................................47
Figure 53: External signal after noise .........................................................................47
Figure 54: Bottom swipe area .....................................................................................48
Figure 55: Ch2 tab and CH1 Complement button ......................................................48
Figure 56: MultiSync instruments tab 1 .......................................................................50
Figure 57: MultiSync instruments tab 2 .......................................................................51
Figure 58: MultiSnyc Units tab 3 .................................................................................51
Figure 59: MultiSync instruments tab 4 .......................................................................52
Figure 60: MultiSync instruments tab 5 .......................................................................52
Figure 61: Master instrument waveform .....................................................................53
Figure 62: Master and subordinate before sync .........................................................53
Figure 63: Master and subordinate after sync ............................................................54
Figure 64: Equipment for InstaView tutorial ................................................................58
Figure 65: AFG31000 InstaView setup with connections overview ............................59
Figure 66: Scope 1 MΩ ...............................................................................................60
Figure 67: Set up InstaView on the AFG31000 instrument ........................................61
Figure 68: Select channel one ....................................................................................61
Figure 69: BNC trigger connect - InstaView ................................................................62
Figure 70: Delay dialog ...............................................................................................62
Figure 71: CH1 oscilloscope 1 MΩ - InstaView ..........................................................63
List of Figures
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual xi
Figure 72: Frequency 5 MHz - InstaView ....................................................................63
Figure 73: Frequency 5 MHz - scope ..........................................................................64
Figure 74: Amplitude 2 VPP - Scope InstaView..........................................................64
Figure 75: Amplitude 2 Vpp - InstaView ......................................................................65
Figure 76: Advanced mode default screen .................................................................65
Figure 77: One-channel sequence screen ..................................................................66
Figure 78: Waveform list .............................................................................................67
Figure 79: Settings bar ................................................................................................68
Figure 80: Channel scale and offset ...........................................................................68
Figure 81: Timing ........................................................................................................69
Figure 82: Sequence table ..........................................................................................69
Figure 83: Sequence table ..........................................................................................70
Figure 84: Sequence mode .........................................................................................71
Figure 85: Continuous mode .......................................................................................72
Figure 86: Triggered mode..........................................................................................72
Figure 87: Gated mode ...............................................................................................73
Figure 88: Thumbnail ..................................................................................................73
Figure 89: Equipment setup ........................................................................................74
Figure 90: Advanced icon on the Home screen ..........................................................75
Figure 91: Empty Waveform list ..................................................................................75
Figure 92: Predefined button.......................................................................................76
Figure 93: Select from the Waveform List ...................................................................76
Figure 94: Drag and drop waveforms .........................................................................77
Figure 95: Go To field, change to 1 ............................................................................77
Figure 96: Change to results .......................................................................................78
Figure 97: Set repeat function .....................................................................................78
Figure 98: Swipe left-to-right to select the box............................................................79
Figure 99: Manual trigger ............................................................................................80
Figure 100: Manual trigger button ...............................................................................81
Figure 101: Single triggered waveforms .....................................................................81
Figure 102: Utility home screen ..................................................................................82
Figure 103: System settings........................................................................................83
Figure 104: Utility button .............................................................................................84
Figure 105: Erase instrument setups and waveforms ................................................85
Figure 106: Language selection ..................................................................................86
Figure 107: Diagnostics and calibration ......................................................................87
Figure 108: Diagnostics and calibration ......................................................................88
List of Figures
xii AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual
Figure 109: Run system diagnostics ...........................................................................89
Figure 110: Run self-calibration ..................................................................................90
Figure 111: I/O Interface options ................................................................................91
Figure 112: Security menu settings ............................................................................91
Figure 113: Update firmware menu ............................................................................92
Figure 114: Update firmware.......................................................................................93
Figure 115: License update.........................................................................................94
Figure 116: ArbBuilder home screen ..........................................................................95
Figure 117: ArbBuilder home tab ................................................................................96
Figure 118: ArbBuilder New Waveform ......................................................................96
Figure 119: ArbBuilder main screen ...........................................................................97
Figure 120: ArbBuilder equation file with soft keyboard .............................................98
Figure 121: ArbBuilder equation file ............................................................................98
Figure 122: ArbBuilder soft keyboard .........................................................................99
Figure 123: ArbBuilder equation editor ribbon ..........................................................103
Figure 124: ArbBuilder equation text editor ..............................................................103
Figure 125: ArbBuilder compile succesfully ..............................................................103
Figure 126: ArbBuilder Preview ................................................................................104
Figure 127: ArbBuilder log waveform ........................................................................104
Figure 128: ArbBuilder options..................................................................................105
Figure 129: ArbBuilder freehand ...............................................................................106
Figure 130: ArbBuilder open a waveform .................................................................107
Figure 131: ArbBuilder edit toolbar ...........................................................................107
Figure 132: ArbBuilder highlight waveform data to cut .............................................107
Figure 133: ArbBuilder invert ....................................................................................108
Figure 134: ArbBuilder invert final .............................................................................108
Figure 135: ArbBuilder mirror ....................................................................................109
Figure 136: ArbBuilder mirror final ............................................................................109
Figure 137: ArbBuilder waveform display zone ........................................................110
Figure 138: ArbBuilder shift rotate ............................................................................111
Figure 139: ArbBuilder Waveform to CH1/CH2 ........................................................112
Figure 140: ArbBuilder successfull send message ...................................................112
Figure 141: ArbExpress menu bar ............................................................................114
Figure 142: ArbExpress toolbar ................................................................................114
Figure 143: ArbExpress shortcut view ......................................................................115
Figure 144: ArbExpress status bar ...........................................................................115
Figure 145: ArbExpress waveform display ...............................................................115
List of Figures
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual xiii
Figure 146: ArbExpress marker area ........................................................................115
Figure 147: ArbExpress blank sheet .........................................................................116
Figure 148: ArbExpress standard waveform.............................................................116
Figure 149: ArbExpress equation editor ...................................................................117
Figure 150: ArbExpress math application .................................................................117
Figure 151: ArbExpress Transfer ..............................................................................118
Figure 152: Set the waveform pattern .......................................................................119
Figure 153: Lissajous Pattern Displayed ..................................................................120
Figure 154: Lissajous pattern change displayed ......................................................120
Figure 155: Change the phase CH1 to -19 ...............................................................121
Figure 156: Lissajous pattern changes .....................................................................121
Figure 157: AFG31000 Series connected to an oscilloscope ...................................122
Figure 158: Measure frequency characteristics ........................................................123
Figure 159: Duty rate changes motor speed.............................................................124
Figure 160: PWM ......................................................................................................125
Figure 161: Carrier waveform frequencies ................................................................126
Figure 162: Carrier waveform null .............................................................................126
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual xv
Important safety information
This manual contains information and warnings that must be followed by the user for safe operation
and to keep the product in a safe condition.
To safely perform service on this product, additional information is provided at the end of this section.
See Service safety summary (on page xvii).
General safety summary
Use the product only as specified. Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent
damage to this product or any products connected to it. Carefully read all instructions. Retain these
instructions for future reference.
Comply with local and national safety codes.
For correct and safe operation of the product, it is essential that you follow generally accepted safety
procedures in addition to the safety precautions specified in this manual.
The product is designed to be used by trained personnel only.
Only qualified personnel who are aware of the hazards involved should remove the cover for repair,
maintenance, or adjustment.
Before use, always check the product with a known source to be sure it is operating correctly.
This product is not intended for detection of hazardous voltages.
Use personal protective equipment to prevent shock and arc blast injury where hazardous live
conductors are exposed.
While using this product, you may need to access other parts of a larger system. Read the safety
sections of the other component manuals for warnings and cautions related to operating the system.
When incorporating this equipment into a system, the safety of that system is the responsibility of the
assembler of the system.
To avoid fire or personal injury
Use proper power cord. Use only the power cord specified for this product and certified for the
country of use.
Do not use the provided power cord for other products.
Use proper voltage setting. Before applying power, make sure that the line selector is in the proper
position for the source being used or make sure the line voltage is corrected based on the published
specifications.
Ground the product. This product is grounded through the grounding conductor of the power cord.
To avoid electric shock, the grounding conductor must be connected to earth ground. Before making
connections to the input or output terminals of the product, make sure that the product is properly
grounded.
Important safety information
Important safety information
xvi AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual
Do not disable the power cord grounding connection.
Power disconnect. The power cord disconnects the product from the power source. See
instructions for the location. Do not position the equipment so that it is difficult to operate the power
cord; it must remain accessible to the user at all times to allow for quick disconnection if needed.
Connect and disconnect properly. Do not connect or disconnect instruments while they are
connected to a voltage source.
Use only connectors and adapters supplied with the product, or indicated by Tektronix to be suitable
for the product.
Observe all terminal ratings. To avoid fire or shock hazard, observe all ratings and markings on the
product. Consult the product manual for further ratings information before making connections to the
product. Do not exceed the Measurement Category (CAT) rating and voltage or current rating of the
lowest rated individual component.
Do not apply a potential to any terminal, including the common terminal, that exceeds the maximum
rating of that terminal.
Do not float the common terminal above the rated voltage for that terminal.
Do not operate without covers. Do not operate this product with covers or panels removed, or with
the case open. Hazardous voltage exposure is possible.
Avoid exposed circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and components when power is
present.
Do not operate with suspected failures. If you suspect that there is damage to this product, have it
inspected by qualified service personnel.
Disable the product if it is damaged. Do not use the product if it is damaged or operates incorrectly. If
in doubt about safety of the product, turn it off and disconnect the power cord. Clearly mark the
product to prevent its further operation.
Examine the exterior of the product before you use it. Look for cracks or missing pieces.
Use only specified replacement parts.
Wear eye protection. Wear eye protection if exposure to high-intensity rays or laser radiation exists.
Do not operate in wet/damp conditions. Be aware that condensation may occur if a unit is moved
from a cold to a warm environment.
Do not operate in an explosive atmosphere.
Provide proper ventilation. Refer to the installation instructions in the manual for details on
installing the product so it has proper ventilation.
Slots and openings are provided for ventilation and should never be covered or otherwise obstructed.
Do not push objects into any of the openings.
Provide a safe working environment. Always place the product in a location convenient for viewing
the display and indicators.
Important safety information
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual xvii
Avoid improper or prolonged use of keyboards, pointers, and button pads. Improper or prolonged
keyboard or pointer use may result in serious injury.
Be sure your work area meets applicable ergonomic standards. Consult with an ergonomics
professional to avoid stress injuries.
Use care when lifting and carrying the product. This product is provided with handles for lifting and
carrying.
Use only the Tektronix rack-mount hardware specified for this product.
Keep product surfaces clean and dry. Remove the input signals before you clean the product.
Inspect the instrument as often as operating conditions require. To clean the exterior surface, perform
the following steps:
1. Remove loose dust on the outside of the instrument with a lint-free cloth. Use care to avoid
scratching the clear glass display filter.
2. Use a soft cloth dampened with water to clean the instrument. Use an aqueous solution of 75%
isopropyl alcohol for more efficient cleaning.
CAUTION. Avoid getting moisture inside the unit during external cleaning. Use only enough cleaning solution to
dampen the cloth or swab. To avoid damage to the instrument, do not expose it to sprays, liquids, or solvents,
and do not use any abrasive or chemical cleaning agents.
Terms in this manual
These terms may appear in this manual:
WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result in injury or loss of life.
CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to this product or
other property.
Service safety summary
This section contains additional information required to safely perform service on the product. Only
qualified personnel should perform service procedures. Read this Service safety summary and the
General safety summary before performing any service procedures.
To avoid electric shock. Do not touch exposed connections.
Do not service alone. Do not perform internal service or adjustments of this product unless another
person capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation is present.
Important safety information
xviii AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual
Disconnect power. To avoid electric shock, switch off the product power and disconnect the power
cord from the mains power before removing any covers or panels, or opening the case for servicing.
Use care when servicing with power on. Dangerous voltages or currents may exist in this product.
Disconnect power, remove battery (if applicable), and disconnect test leads before removing
protective panels, soldering, or replacing components.
Verify safety after repair. Always recheck ground continuity and mains dielectric strength after
performing a repair.
Symbols and terms on the product
These terms may appear on the product:
▪ DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking.
▪ WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking.
▪ CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.
When this symbol is marked on the product, be sure to consult the manual
to find out the nature of the potential hazards and any actions which have
to be taken to avoid them. (This symbol may also be used to refer the user
to ratings in the manual.)
The following symbol(s) may appear on the product:
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual xix
This section lists the EMC (electromagnetic compliance), safety, and environmental standards with
Compliance information
which the instrument complies.
EMC compliance
EC Declaration of Conformity – EMC
Meets intent of Directive 2014/30/EU for Electromagnetic Compatibility. Compliance was
demonstrated to the following specifications as listed in the Official Journal of the European
Communities:
EN61326-1：2013，EN61326-2-1：2013 EMC requirements for electrical equipment for
measurement, control, and laboratory use
NOTE. Equipment may not meet the immunity requirements of applicable listed standards when test
leads and/or test probes are connected due to coupling of electromagnetic interference onto those
leads/probes. To minimize the influence of electromagnetic interference, minimize the loop area between
the unshielded portions of signal and associated return leads, and keep leads as far away as possible
from electromagnetic disturbance sources. Twisting unshielded test leads together is an effective way to
reduce loop area. For probes, keep the ground return lead as short as possible and close to the probe
body. Some probes have accessory probe tip adapters to accomplish this most effectively. In all cases,
observe all safety instructions for the probes or leads used.
1,2,3
.
▪ CISPR 11:2009+A1 2010. Radiated and conducted emissions, Group 1, Class A
▪ IEC 61000-4-2:2008. Electrostatic discharge immunity
▪ IEC 61000-4-3:2006+A1:2007+A2:2010. RF electromagnetic field immunity
▪ IEC 61000-4-4:2012. Electrical fast transient/burst immunity
▪ IEC 61000-4-5:2014+A1:2017. Power line surge immunity
▪ IEC 61000-4-6:2013. Conducted RF immunity
▪ IEC 61000-4-11:2004+A1:2017. Voltage dips and interruptions immunity
EN 61000-3-2:2014. AC power line harmonic emissions
EN 61000-3-3:2013. Voltage changes, fluctuations, and flicker
1
This product is intended for use in nonresidential areas only. Use in residential areas may cause
electromagnetic interference.
2
Emissions which exceed the levels required by this standard may occur when this equipment is connected to a
test object.
3
For compliance with the EMC standards listed here, high quality shielded interface cables should be used.
Compliance information
xx AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual
Australia / New Zealand Declaration of Conformity – EMC
Complies with the EMC provision of the Radiocommunications Act per the following standard, in
accordance with ACMA:
CISPR 11:2009. Radiated and Conducted Emissions, Group 1, Class A, in accordance with
EN 61326-1:2013.
Safety compliance
This section lists the safety standards with which the product complies and other safety compliance
information.
EU declaration of conformity – low voltage
Compliance was demonstrated to the following specification as listed in the Official Journal of the
European Union:
Low Voltage Directive
▪ EN 61010-1-2010. Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control,
and Laboratory Use – Part 1: General Requirements.
▪ EN 61010-2-030-2010. Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use – Part 2-030: Particular requirements for testing and measuring
circuits.
Equipment type
Test and measuring equipment.
Safety class
Class 1 – grounded product.
Pollution degree descriptions
A measure of the contaminants that could occur in the environment around and within a product.
Typically the internal environment inside a product is considered to be the same as the external.
Products should be used only in the environment for which they are rated.
▪ Pollution degree 1. No pollution or only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs. Products in this
category are generally encapsulated, hermetically sealed, or located in clean rooms.
▪ Pollution degree 2. Normally only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs. Occasionally a
temporary conductivity that is caused by condensation must be expected. This location is a
typical office/home environment. Temporary condensation occurs only when the product is
out of service.
▪ Pollution degree 3. Conductive pollution, or dry, nonconductive pollution that becomes
conductive due to condensation. These are sheltered locations where neither temperature
nor humidity is controlled. The area is protected from direct sunshine, rain, or direct wind.
▪ Pollution degree 4. Pollution that generates persistent conductivity through conductive dust,
rain, or snow. Typical outdoor locations.
Compliance information
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual xxi
Pollution degree rating
Pollution degree 2 (as defined in IEC 61010-1). Rated for indoor, dry location use only.
IP rating
IP20 (as defined in IEC 60529).
Measurement and overvoltage category descriptions
Measurement terminals on this product may be rated for measuring mains voltages from one or more
of the following categories (see specific ratings marked on the product and in the manual).
▪ Category II. Circuits directly connected to the building wiring at utilization points (socket
outlets and similar points).
▪ Category III. In the building wiring and distribution system.
▪ Category IV. At the source of the electrical supply to the building.
NOTE. Only mains power supply circuits have an overvoltage category rating. Only measurement
circuits have a measurement category rating. Other circuits within the product do not have either rating.
Mains overvoltage category rating
Overvoltage category II (as defined in IEC 61010-1).
Environmental considerations
This section provides information about the environmental impact of the product.
Product end-of-life handling
Observe the following guidelines when recycling an instrument or component:
Equipment recycling. Production of this equipment required the extraction and use of natural
resources. The equipment may contain substances that could be harmful to the environment or
human health if improperly handled at the product’s end of life. To avoid release of such substances
into the environment and to reduce the use of natural resources, we encourage you to recycle this
product in an appropriate system that will ensure that most of the materials are reused or recycled
appropriately.
This symbol indicates that this product complies with the
applicable European Union requirements according to
Directives 2012/19/EUand 2006/66/EC on waste
electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and
batteries. For information about recycling options, check
the Support/Service section of the Tektronix Web site
(www.tek.com (tek.com)).
Compliance information
xxii AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual
Battery recycling. This product contains a small installed lithium metal button cell. Please properly
dispose of or recycle the cell at its end of life according to local government regulations.
Perchlorate materials. This product contains one or more type CR lithium batteries. According to the
state of California, CR lithium batteries are classified as perchlorate materials and require special
handling. See www.dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/perchlorate for additional information.
Transporting batteries. The small lithium primary button cell contained in this equipment does not
exceed 1 gram of lithium metal content per cell, and the cell type has been shown by the
manufacturer to comply with the applicable requirements of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Part
III, Sub-section 38.3. Consult your carrier to determine which lithium battery transportation
requirements are applicable to your configuration, including to its re-packaging and re-labeling, prior
to reshipment of the product by any mode of transport
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual xxiii
Getting started
Thank you for choosing a Tektronix product. The AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator
(AFG) instruments are high-performance instruments with built-in waveform generation applications,
real-time waveform monitoring called InstaViewTM, and an improved user interface for higher test
efficiency.
General features and benefits
The AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generators (AFG) provide pulse and function generation
with arbitrary waveform capability.
These instruments provide the following features and benefits:
▪ Dual operation, either using a nine-inch capacitive touchscreen or front-panel keys with
navigation wheel, ensure usability and flexibility.
▪ InstaView
TM
technology allows you to see the actual waveform of the device under test (DUT)
in real time, without the need for an oscilloscope and probe. This eliminates the uncertainty
caused by unmatched impedance.
▪ Shallow menu tree ensures fast and easy browsing, locating, and changing settings.
▪ Built-in ArbBuilder for arbitrary waveform creation and editing eliminates the need to connect
to a PC or use a USB flash drive to load arbitrary waveforms.
▪ Instrument output is protected from overvoltage and overcurrent, minimizing the possibility of
damaging the instrument.
Key performance specifications
The AFG31000 Series instruments provide pulse and function generation with arbitrary waveform
capability. The instruments include the following key performance specifications:
▪ One or two-channel models.
▪ Output amplitude range: 1 mV
pp
to 10 Vpp with 50 Ω loads.
▪ Basic Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) mode.
▪ 25 MHz, 50 MHz, 100 MHz, 150 MHz, or 250 MHz sine waveforms (AFG model-dependent).
▪ 250 MS/s, 500 MS/s (Advanced mode only), 1 GS/s, or 2 GS/s sampling rate.
▪ 14-bit DAC vertical resolution.
▪ AFG mode supports continuous, modulation, sweep, and burst run modes.
▪ AFG mode supports 128K points of arbitrary waveform memory per channel.
▪ Advanced mode supports continuous, sequence, gated, and trigger modes.
▪ Advanced mode supports 16M points of arbitrary waveform memory per channel (you have
the option to get 128M points based on your license).
▪ Up to 256 steps in sequence mode with loop, jump, and wait events.
▪ Variable sampling clock: 1 µS/s up to 2 GS/s.
▪ Minimum waveform length: 168 points with granularity of one point.
Preface
Preface
xxiv AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual
General model information
This manual provides operation information for the following products. Unless otherwise noted,
"AFG31000 Series" refers to the models in the following table.
Table 1: AFG31000 models
Model
Bandwidth
Sample rate
Channel
Waveform
memory size
Optional
AFG31021
25 MHz
250 MS/s
1
16 MS/CH
128 MS/CH
AFG31022
25 MHz
250 MS/s
2
16 MS/CH
128 MS/CH
AFG31051
50 MHz
1 GS/s
1
16 MS/CH
128 MS/CH
AFG31052
50 MHz
1 GS/s
2
16 MS/CH
128 MS/CH
AFG31101
100 MHz
1 GS/s
1
16 MS/CH
128 MS/CH
AFG31102
100 MHz
1 GS/s
2
16 MS/CH
128 MS/CH
AFG31151
150 MHz
2 GS/s
1
16 MS/CH
128 MS/CH
AFG31152
150 MHz
2 GS/s
2
16 MS/CH
128 MS/CH
AFG31251
250 MHz
2 GS/s
1
16 MS/CH
128 MS/CH
AFG31252
250 MHz
2 GS/s
2
16 MS/CH
128 MS/CH
Each AFG31000 Series provides a:
▪ 25 MHz to 250 MHz function signal generator
▪ 20 MHz to 160 MHz pulse generator
The AFG31000 Series also provides 14-bit vertical resolution.
Accessories
Standard accessories
Unpack the instrument and verify that you received all items listed as standard accessories. Check
the www.tek.com (tek.com) for the most current information.
Available power cords are listed in the following table.
Table 2: Available power cords
Option
Location
Attributes
Part number
A0
North America
120 V, 60 Hz
161-0066-00
A1
Universal European
220 V, 50 Hz
161-0066-09
A2
United Kingdom
240 V, 50 Hz
161-0066-10
A3
Australia
240 V, 50 Hz
161-0066-13
A5
Switzerland
220 V, 50 Hz
161-0154-00
A6
Japan
100 V, 50/60 Hz
161-0298-00
A10
China
50 Hz
161-0304-00
A11
India
50 Hz
161-0400-00
A12
Brazil
60 Hz
161-0357-00
A99
N/A
no power cord
N/A
Preface
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual xxv
Optional accessories
The following optional accessories are recommended for your instrument.
Table 3: Optional accessories
Description
Part number
50 Ω BNC cable, double-shielded, 250 cm (98 in)
012-1256-XX
GPIB interface cable, double-shielded, 200 cm (79 in)
012-0991-XX
NOTE. To ensure the EMC compliance listed in the specifications, connect only high-quality shielded
cables to this instrument. High-quality shielded cables are typically braid and foil types that have
low-impedance connections to shielded connectors at both ends.
Contact information
If you have any questions after you review the information in this documentation, please contact your
local Tektronix office, sales partner, or distributor. You can also call the corporate headquarters of
Tektronix in North America at 1-800-833-9200. Visit tek.com to find contacts in your area.
Extended warranty
Additional years of warranty coverage are available on many products. These valuable contracts
protect you from unbudgeted service expenses and provide additional years of protection at a fraction
of the price of a repair. Extended warranties are available on new and existing products. Contact your
local Tektronix office, sales partner, or distributor for details (refer to Contact information (on page
xxv) for details).
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual 1
Before installation
Inspect the instrument carton for external damage. If the carton is damaged, notify the carrier.
Remove the instrument from its package and make sure that it has not been damaged in transit.
Verify that the carton contains the instrument and its standard accessories.
Operating requirements
Place the instrument on a cart or bench, observing the following clearance requirements:
▪ Sides: 50 mm (2 in)
▪ Rear: 50 mm (2 in)
Before operating the instrument, make sure that the ambient temperature is between 0 °C to 50 °C.
Figure 1: AFG31000 Series two-channel front panel
CAUTION. To ensure proper cooling, keep both sides of the instrument clear of obstructions.
Getting started
Getting started
2 AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual
Check and protect connectors
The source voltage and frequency should be between 100 V to 240 V and 47 Hz to 63 Hz.
The instrument will also support 115V, 360-440Hz.
WARNING. To reduce the risk of fire and shock that may cause personal injury or death, make sure that the
mains supply voltage fluctuations do not exceed 10% of the operating voltage range.
To check input and output connectors:
1. Locate the output connectors on the front panel.
2. Locate the input connectors on the front panel.
NOTE. When connecting a cable, make sure to distinguish the input connector from the output
connectors to avoid making the wrong connection.
Figure 2: AFG31000 Series front-panel inputs and outputs
The instrument input and output connectors are floating inputs and outputs (see Floating ground (on
page 3) for more information).
WARNING. To avoid personal injury or death due to electric shock, do not apply voltages in excess of 42 Vpk to
any BNC connector ground or to the chassis ground.
CAUTION. Do not short output pins or apply external voltages to output connectors, because this will cause
damage to your instrument. Also, do not apply more than +5 V to the Trigger Input connector, which may cause
damage to your instrument.
Getting started
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual 3
Floating ground
Because the common ground (input and output channel common) of the AFG31000 Series is
electrically isolated from the chassis ground (the instrument chassis and ground line of the AC
connector), you can make a floating connection between the instrument and other equipment.
All the signal output connectors are connected to the common ground, and the remote interface
connector is connected to the chassis ground.
WARNING. To avoid personal injury due to electric shock, use this product so that the sum of the floating
voltage and the output voltage of the instrument does not exceed 42 Vpk. Do not touch the center of the BNC
connector while the equipment and instrument are in use.
CAUTION. The maximum rated voltage between the chassis ground and common ground is 42 Vpp (DC + peak
AC). When the potential voltage between the chassis ground and common ground goes over 42 Vpp, the
internal protective circuit is activated to protect the circuits. However, voltages continuously exceeding 42 Vpp
may cause the internal circuits in the instrument to be damaged.
When a potential voltage exists between the chassis ground and common ground, a short circuit from output to
ground causes the instrument internal fuse to open and the output is stopped. If the fuse opens, you need to
contact your local Tektronix Service Support. When a potential voltage exists between the common ground and
chassis ground, short-circuiting between them may lead to excessive current flow and the internal or external
circuits may be damaged.
Figure 3: AFG31000 Series floating ground
Getting started
4 AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual
Protect your DUT
Use caution when you connect the instrument channel output to your device under test (DUT). To
avoid damage to your DUT, follow the steps below to set the limit values for high level and low level.
To protect your DUT:
1. Make note of the CH1 or CH2 high voltage and low voltage.
2. Swipe the bottom area up and select Ch1 or Ch2.
3. Make sure that the limits are set appropriately for the device under test (DUT).
▪ Default high limit: 500 mV
▪ Default low limit: –500 mV
Figure 4: High and low voltage limits
Getting started
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual 5
Equivalent output circuits
The following figure shows the equivalent output circuits for the AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function
Generator instruments.
Figure 5: AFG output circuits
The following table shows the output window (minimum and maximum levels) for a sine waveform
when you change the load impedance (L). Load impedance affects the output window.
Table 4: Output window for a sine waveform
Instruments
Minimum amplitude
Maximum amplitude
31021
5 V to –5 V (10 Vpp)
10 V to –10 V (20 Vpp)
31022
5 V to –5 V (10 Vpp)
10 V to –10 V (20 Vpp)
31051
5 V to –5 V (10 Vpp)
10 V to –10 V (20 Vpp)
31052
5 V to –5 V (10 Vpp)
10 V to –10 V (20 Vpp)
31101
5 V to –5 V (10 Vpp)
10 V to –10 V (20 Vpp)
31102
5 V to –5 V (10 Vpp)
10 V to –10 V (20 Vpp)
31151
2.5 to –2.5 (5 Vpp)
5 V to –5 V (10 Vpp)
31152
2.5 to –2.5 (5 Vpp)
5 V to –5 V (10 Vpp)
31251
2.5 to –2.5 (5 Vpp)
5 V to –5 V (10 Vpp)
31252
2.5 to –2.5 (5 Vpp)
5 V to –5 V (10 Vpp)
Protection from overheating
The internal temperature of the AFG31000 Series instrument is monitored. A warning message is
displayed if the internal temperature reaches a specified level and signal output is automatically
turned off.
If the warning message appears, check for the following conditions:
▪ The ambient temperature requirement is correct.
▪ The required cooling clearance has been provided.
▪ The instrument fan is working properly.
Getting started
6 AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual
Clean the instrument
Inspect the instrument as often as operating conditions require. To clean the exterior surface:
1. Remove the power cord from the rear of the instrument before cleaning.
2. Remove loose dust from the outside of the instrument with a lint-free cloth. Use care to avoid
scratching the display.
3. Use a soft cloth, dampened with isopropyl alcohol, to clean the instrument.
NOTE. Use 70% isopropyl alcohol for more efficient cleaning. To avoid damaging the instrument, do not
use any abrasive or chemical cleaning agents. Do not allow the instrument to get wet inside. Use only
enough alcohol to dampen the cleaning cloth.
Instrument interface
The following topics present an overview of the AFG31000 Series instrument interface.
Front-panel overview
The following figure shows the front panel of a dual-channel model.
Figure 6: AFG31000 Series front-panel overview
1. Power switch
2. Touchscreen
3. Shortcut buttons: Frequency/Period, Amplitude/High, Phase/Delay, Offset/Low
4. Waveform function keys: Sine, Ramp, Arb, Square, Pulse, and More
5. Basic Mode buttons: Continuous, Sweep, Modulation, and Burst
6. Advanced Mode keys: Sample, Rate, and Run
7. Setup buttons: Default, Save/Recall, Touch Off, Utility, and Help
8. InstaView (real-time waveform measurement) button
Getting started
AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator User's Manual 7
9. Navigation area: Navigation control (turn the control to change the number of parameter that is
selected); Home key (takes you to the initial power on screen); Back key (use to switch between
AFG, Advanced Mode, ArbBuilder, Help, and Utility); left and right arrow keys (when editing a
setting, moves the cursor to the left or the right)
10. Cancel, Bksp (backspace), Delete, and Enter buttons (use with the numeric keypad)
11. Settings edit buttons: G/n, M/μ, k/m, and x1 buttons (use when editing a setting)
12. Numeric keypad
13. Trigger button, LEDs, and connectors
14. Channel buttons and connectors
15. USB input (Type A connector)
NOTE. Shortcut keys are provided for advanced users. The shortcut keys allow you to select a setting
and enter a numeric value using the front-panel controls or the touchscreen.
Shortcut keys (front panel)
The shortcut keys allow you to select a setup parameter and enter a numeric value using the
front-panel controls. By using the shortcut buttons, you can toggle between functions and select a
waveform setting without using the touchscreen menus.
Shortcut buttons are located below the Basic Mode buttons on the front panel:
▪ Frequency/Period
▪ Amplitude/High
▪ Phase/Delay
▪ Offset/Low
In the following example, use sine waveform.
To use the Amplitude/High button:
1. Select Basic on the touchscreen.
2. Press the Amplitude/High shortcut button to activate Amplitude.
3. Press the Amplitude/High shortcut button again to activate High.
Figure 7: Amplitude button active
Loading...