Tektronix AD951A, AD953A User Manual

User Manual

AD951A/AD953A
MPEG Test System

Volume 1 of 2

071-1423-00

This document supports firmware versions:
AD95X MPEG Test Systems Version 6.7
AD960 Data Test Systems Version 3.0

www.tektronix.com

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In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the
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THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES,
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Table of Contents

Volume 1

Volume 2

Preface iii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Related Material iii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Manual Conventions iii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contacting Tektronix iv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Introduction

Transport Stream Analyzer Sect. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Packetized Elementary Stream Analyzer Sect. 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

T-STD Buffer Analyzer Sect. 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tracer Sect. 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Player Sect. 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Monitor/Recorder Sect. 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Transport Stream Editor Sect. 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Multiple Sect. 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Make Seamless Wizard Sect. 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stream Monitor Plus Sect. 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Elementary Stream Analyzer Sect. 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BS Digital Multiplexer Sect. 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BC Digital Multiplexer Sect. 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Carousel Analyzer Sect. 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Carousel Generator Sect. 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Transport Stream Maker Sect. 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Transport Stream Cutter Sect. 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ScriptP Sect. 18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Custom SI Scripting Sect. 19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual

i

Table of Contents

ii

AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual

Preface

This manual describes the software applications available to the Tektronix
AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System. All applications are installed; access will be
dictated by the security dongle and those options purchased.

The manual is divided into sections, each describing one application. An overview of the
applications is provided in the Introduction section.

Related Material

Getting Started Manual (071-1422-xx)
Describes the installation of the MPEG Test System.

Additional documentation, such as ReadMe files, may be included on the installation disks.

The following URLs access the Web sites for the standards organizations listed (the URLs
listed were valid at the time of writing):

x MPEG-2 standards (International Organization for Standards) - http://www.iso.ch/

x DVB standards (European Technical Standards Institute) - http://www.etsi.org/

x ATSC standards (Advanced Television Systems Committee) - http://www.atsc.org/

Manual Conventions

Naming conventions for the interface elements are based on standard Windows naming
conventions. Naming conventions for MPEG-2, ATSC, and DVB structures follow the
conventions derived from the standards documents listed above. In addition, the following
formatting conventions apply to this manual:

Bold text refers to specific interface elements that you are instructed to select, click, or

x

clear.
Example: Select

x Boxed text represents buttons on the user interface.

Example: Select Trigger on the Setup dialog.

x Mono-spaced text can indicate the following:

x Text you enter from a keyboard

Example: Enter the network identity (http://TSMonitor01)

x Characters you press on your keyboard

Example: Press

x Paths to components on your hard drive

Example: The program files are installed at the following location: C:\Program

Files\Tektronix\

Settings from the Configuration menu.

CTRL+C to copy the selected text.

AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual iii

Preface

Contacting Tektronix

Phone [phone]*

Address Tektronix, Inc.

Department or name (if known)
14200 SW Karl Braun Drive
P.O. Box 500
Beaverton, OR 97077
USA

Web site www.tektronix.com

Support - N & S America

Sales support 1-800-833-9200, select option 1*

Service support 1-800-833-9200, select option 2*

Technical support Email: [e-mail]

1-800-833-9200, select option 3*

* - toll free in North America.

6:00 a.m. -- 5:00 p.m. Pacific time

After office hours, please leave a voice mail
message.

Support - Europe & the Rest of the World

Sales Support [phone]

Service & Technical Support

Telephone [phone]

Fax [phone]

iv AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual

Introduction

Introduction............................................................. 3

The Software Suite.................................................. 3

Proprietary Analysis Software ................................ 6

MPEG Files............................................................. 7

Format............................................................... 7

Locations .......................................................... 7

AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual 1

Introduction

2 AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual

Introduction

All applications in the MPEG Test System family operate under a Windows operating
system (refer to the Specifications section in the AD951A/AD953A Technical Reference
Manual, 071-1425-xx).

The Software Suite

Table 1 lists the applications available to the MPEG Test System. The table shows which
applications are included in the standard installation (
that can be enabled as an upgrade option (

Table 1: AD951A/AD953A Software Applications

Section

Number

1 Transport Stream (TS) Analyzer

Desktop

Icon

Introduction

); also shown are those applications

).

Application \ Product AD951A AD953A

Transport stream analysis with user-selectable
MPEG-2, DVB and ATSC conformance tests.
Shows transport structure, header contents,
hexadecimal packet contents, PCR timing
/transport rate graphs and an error message log.

TS Analyzer Lite

As for the TS Analyzer except that the file size of
transport streams to be analyzed is limited to
192 MB.

2 Packetized Elementary Stream (PES)

Analyzer

PES analysis with selectable test options. Shows
PES program structure, header contents, packet
contents, PTS/DTS timing graphs and analysis
reports.

3 Transport Stream – System Target

Decoder (T-STD) Buffer Analyzer

Analyzes program streams modeling their
behaviour in, and their conformance to, the
MPEG-2 T-STD Buffer Model.

4 Tracer

Views the message log produced by T-STD
Buffer Analyzer.

5

Player

Records and Plays out MPEG-2 streams.

AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual 3

Introduction

Table 1: AD951A/AD953A Software Applications

Section

Number

Desktop

Icon

Application \ Product AD951A AD953A

6

7

8

9

TS Monitor/Recorder

Monitors and/or Records MPEG-2 transport
streams – gives viewing of the transport stream
multiplex, triggered and filtered recordings,
logging of events and generation of an external
alarm signal linked to transport stream events.

TS Editor

Viewing and Editing of transport stream packets,
via a hexadecimal view of the packet contents
and semantic interpretation of the header.
Provides facilities to: remap PIDs, recalculate
PCR values and introduce PCR inaccuracies.

Multiplexer

Multiplexes table information and packetised
elementary streams together to synthesise new
transport streams. A fine level of control is
provided to allow non-conformances and test
cases to be specified for new transport streams.

Make Seamless Wizard

Guides the user through the process of creating
an MPEG-2 file for use by Stream Player in
continuously looped operation.

10

11

12

Stream Monitor Plus

Monitors one or more transport streams.
Updates graphs, status displays and event logs in
real time.

Can make sequences of recordings, unattended,
whenever user specified events occur.

Elementary Stream Analyzer

Elementary Stream analysis at video picture and
audio level. This includes vector graphs and
macroblock picture quality.

Broadcast Satellite Digital
Multiplexer

The BSDM allows multiple transport streams,
together with TMCC information, to be
multiplexed into a BS Digital stream. A single
transport stream may also be exported from an
existing BS Digital stream.

4 AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual

Table 1: AD951A/AD953A Software Applications

Section

Number

Desktop

Icon

Application \ Product AD951A AD953A

Introduction

13

Broadcast Cable Digital Multiplexer

The BCDM allows multiple transport streams,
together with TSMF information, to be
multiplexed to produce ISDB-C streams (TSMF
streams). It can also demultiplex existing TSMF
streams and allow the TSMF to be edited.

14 Carousel Analyzer

Data analysis showing structure, bitrate,
repetition rate, syntax and semantics of data
items.

15

16

17

Carousel Generator

Provides in-depth off-line generation of MPEG-2,
DVB transport streams containing a range of
data broadcast protocols.

TS Maker

Creates and initialises files for recording.

TS Cutter

Extracts sections of MPEG-2 files to new files.

18 Script Pad

Enables users to create and modify System
Information (SI) scripts.

19 Custom SI Scripting

A background document which describes the
scripting arrangements of the AD951A/AD953A.

Documentation only

Standalone Operation

All applications (with the exception of Player, Monitor/Recorder and Stream Monitor Plus)
are available as standalone options that can be installed and used on a PC (For more
information about the PC specification required, refer to the AD951A/AD953A Technical
Reference Manual, 071-1425-xx).

Upgrading

Upgrades are available for the following products:

x AD95x MPEG Test System

x AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System

x Standalone MPEG Test System.

All applications are available for upgrading, with the exception of Player, Monitor/Recorder
and Stream Monitor Plus in standalone systems.

AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual 5

Introduction

Proprietary Analysis Software

Analysis of proprietary DTV standards is carried out in the MPEG Test System by
the addition of plug-in modules. Where these are supplied, any documentation

provided will be included in Adobe PDF format as part of the installation procedure.

For information on the range and availability of proprietary analysis software, please
contact Tektronix directly or an approved representative.

6 AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual

MPEG Files

Format

All files created by MPEG Test System applications start on a packet boundary. That is the
first byte of a file contains the first byte of the first packet in that file.

Files which are produced or modified by other equipment or software must conform to this
convention if they are to be opened by MPEG Test System applications. No harm will occur
to a MPEG Test System if a file with an invalid format is opened.

Locations

MPEG Test System hardware uses two types of disk drives. The operating system, MPEG
Test System applications and general data are stored on a standard computer hard disk
drive. This is usually configured as Drive C:

Recording and playout of ATSC, DVB and MPEG-2 streams requires much higher data
transfer rates and consistency of performance. To achieve this, a high performance disk
drive is incorporated.

Introduction

Other than the greater performance there is no difference in the function of the two types of
disk drives. Files may be copied to and from the high performance drives in the same way
as for the standard drives.

Additional high performance drives may be connected to a MPEG Test System. These will
be mapped to other drive letters if Drive E: is already taken. If the MPEG Test System was
supplied with extra disks configured, these will be documented in the Delivery Note.

AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual 7

Introduction

8 AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual

Section 1

Transport Stream Analyzer

This section describes the Transport Stream Analyzer software.

If you have purchased the AD-TSAL software option, the functionality is exactly the same, except that the
file size of transport streams to be analysed is limited to 192 MB.

Description of Features ...........................................3

Starting the Program................................................5

Initial Appearance.............................................6

Initial Menu Options.........................................6

Packet Size Selection...............................................9

Stream Test Settings..............................................10

MPEG2 Test Options......................................12

DVB Test Options ..........................................13

ATSC Test Options ........................................16

Scripts and Modules ..............................................17

Handling Scripts and Modules .......................18

Script and Module Selection...........................19

Expert Mode ...................................................20

Opening a file ........................................................22

SI Filtering......................................................25

Storing SI information ....................................28

Menus and Controls ..............................................29

Menus and Options.........................................29

Toolbars ..........................................................34

Status Bar........................................................36

Slider Bar........................................................37

Find Transport Packet ...........................................39

Search by Criteria ...........................................40

Goto Packet.....................................................41

Transport Navigator ..............................................42

Transport Structure Diagram..........................43

Selecting a PID ...............................................44

Looking at the SI/PSI/PSIP Tables.................46

Table Structure ......................................................47

Looking at the Packets ................................... 47

Looking at the Complete Table (Hex View).. 53

Transport Packet Hex View.................................. 54

Packet Size ..................................................... 55

Packet Header ................................................ 55

Adaptation Fields ........................................... 56

Transport Private Data ................................... 56

Transport Packet Header ...................................... 57

Adaptation Fields ........................................... 58

Message Log......................................................... 59

Packet Selection ............................................. 60

Multiplex Statistics............................................... 62

Histogram View ............................................. 62

Pie Chart View............................................... 67

Graphing Features................................................. 68

PCR Statistics Graphs........................................... 72

PCR Interval................................................... 72

Arrival Time Jitter (Arrival) .......................... 73

Inaccuracy (PCR-AC) .................................... 74

Overall Jitter (PCR-OJ).................................. 75

Frequency Offset (PCR-FO) .......................... 76

PCR Drift Rate Measurement (PCR_DR) ..... 76

Bit Rate Graphs .................................................... 77

Instantaneous Transport Rate (ITR)............... 77

PID Bitrate ..................................................... 80

Electronic Program Guide .................................... 81

Schedule Window .......................................... 83

References ............................................................ 85

AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual 1

1 - Transport Stream Analyzer

2 AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual

Transport Stream Analyzer - 1

Description of Features

The Transport Stream Analyzer allows the contents of a previously recorded or synthesised
transport stream to be interpreted and viewed in a variety of formats. It also performs a
series of user selectable MPEG-2, DVB and ATSC conformance tests. Errors found in
specific packets are cross-referenced to enable each packet to be selected from the reference
in the conformance report.

Information can be viewed in graphical and textual formats. To analyze and view the
Packetised Elementary Stream (PES) packets use the companion program PES Analyzer,
which can be run at the same time as this TS Analyzer. More than one instance of the
program can be run simultaneously. This allows comparison of different files.

The functionality provided includes:

x Histogram or pie chart display of multiplex structure showing the Packet Identifier (PID)

of all packets that are present in the stored file.

x Diagrammatic display and interpretation of Transport Stream packet header and

adaptation field information for individual packets.

x Hexadecimal representation of Transport Stream packet, with color coding to

differentiate the header, adaptation field and payload information.

x Location of a Transport Stream packet to match a particular condition in the packet

header.

AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual 3

1 - Transport Stream Analyzer

x Electronic Program Guide for DVB and ATSC streams.

x Display and interpretation of MPEG-2 Program Specific Information (PSI) tables:

x Program Association Table (PAT)

x Conditional Access Table (CAT)

x Program Map Table (PMT)

x Transport Stream Description Table (TSDT)

x Network Information Table (NIT)

x Display and interpretation of DVB Service Information (SI) tables:

x Network Information Table (NIT) as defined by DVB

x Bouquet Association Table (BAT)

x Service Description Table (SDT)

x Event Information Table (EIT)

x Running Status Table (RST)

x Time and Date Table (TDT)

x Stuffing Table (ST)

x Time Offset Table (TOT)

x Discontinuity Information Table (DIT)

x Selection Information Table (SIT)

x Single Frequency Network (SFN) information

x Display and interpretation of ATSC Program and System Information Protocol (PSIP)

tables:

x Master Guide Table (MGT)

x System Time Table (STT)

x Terrestrial Virtual Channel Table (TVCT)

x Cable Virtual Channel Table (CVCT

x Regional Ratings Table (RRT)

x Event Information Table (EIT)

x Extended Text table (ETT)

x Display and interpretation of ATSC A/57 table (Ref [2]:ATSC Standard A/57)

x Program Information Table (PIT)

x Display and interpretation of ARIB tables

x

Network Information Table (NIT)

x Service Description Table (SDT)

x Event Information Table (EIT)

x Stuffing Table (ST)

x Time Offset Table (TOT)

x Discontinuity Information Table (DIT)

x Selection Information Table (SIT)

x Broadcaster Information Table (BIT)

x Linked Description Table (LDT)

x Network Board Information Table (NBIT)

4 AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual

Transport Stream Analyzer - 1

x Software Download Trigger Table (SDTT)

x Common Data Table (CDT)

x ISDB-T Information Packet (IIP)

x Statistical display of the components of the Transport Stream and their data rates on a

PID by PID basis.

x Calculation and graphical display of the instantaneous bit rate for each PID and for the

entire Transport Stream from Program Clock Reference (PCR) time stamp values.

x Calculation and graphical display of PCR information:

x The arrival interval between successive PCRs on a PID by PID basis.

x The PCR accuracy for each PCR on a PID by PID basis.

x The network, or arrival time, jitter on a PID by PID basis.

x The overall jitter on a PID by PID basis.

x The PCR frequency offset on a PID by PID basis.

x The PCR drift rate on a PID by PID basis.

Starting the Program

The program may be started by selecting
the

Tektronix TS Analyser option from the

Start -> Programs menu.

or

by double clicking on the

Tektronix TS Analyser

Shortcut on the desktop.

AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual 5

1 - Transport Stream Analyzer

Initial Appearance

Once the program has started and is ready for use it will open a Main Window. When the
program starts the main window looks like this:

The Toolbars (rows of buttons above the dark grey area of the empty window) provide
quick access to the main menu functions. The toolbars can be docked on any edge of the
window or floated (see page 29 et seq).

The Status line at the bottom of the window displays status information and tooltips and,
because no file is open, that 0% of a stream file has been analysed.

Above the Status line is the Slider bar, for selecting packets within the file. This may be
moved to the top of the window or floated.

Initial Menu Options

Users are presented with different menus and options, depending on whether or not a file is
open for analysis. The menu options available when the program has just been started, or
after a file is closed, are given below. Greyed out options are not available at this time.

(A check mark

9 means that it is hidden.)

9 next to an option shows that the window or toolbar is currently visible; no

6 AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual

Transport Stream Analyzer - 1

File Menu Options

Open ... Opens a stream file for analysis. The

program opens the file selection
dialogue allowing the user to choose
the required file.

Print Setup ... Opens a dialogue for selecting which

printer and associated options to use.

1 <filename> A list of the four most recently
2 <filename> analysed files. If the program has
3 <filename> recently been installed the list may
4 <filename> be empty or hold less than four files.

Selecting a filename opens that file

for analysis.

Exit Finishes running the program.

View Menu Options

Toolbar Ź Shows or hides the sub-menu which

allows the toolbars to be hidden or
shown.

Settings Menu options

Message Log Toggles the Message Log window

between being displayed or not.

Tests… Displays a dialog for selecting the

tests to be used in stream analysis.

Stream Interpretation… Displays a dialog for

selecting scripts and modules to be
used in stream analysis.

Packet Size Allows the packet size of the

incoming stream to be designated.

Display Filter… Allows designated table Ids to be

filtered from the Transport Navigator
display.

Store all SI When enabled, stores all SI

information during analysis. When
disabled, data for tables that are
filtered out is not stored.

AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual 7

1 - Transport Stream Analyzer

Help Menu Options

About StreamAnalyser… Displays Program

Number, Version and copyright
information.

8 AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual

Transport Stream Analyzer - 1

Packet Size Selection

Specifies which packet size will be used to interpret the stream. (N.B. selecting the wrong
packet size will cause analysis to report large numbers of errors, and the Transport
Navigator and other views to show nonsense.) The options are:

Select

Packet Size from the Settings menu to open the

Transport Packet Size dialog.

Note that the Packet Size dialog is available when a file is
open, but all activity is disabled.

The following dialog is displayed:

Auto detect packet
size

Automatically detect the packet size used in a file when it is
opened. If the program fails to determine the correct packet size
it can be selected using the other Packet Size options.

188 byte packets

204 byte packets

Analyze files as a stream of 188 byte packets.

Analyze files as a stream of 204 byte packets.

If large numbers of errors are reported during analysis, try selecting a different packet size.

AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual 9

1 - Transport Stream Analyzer

Stream Test Settings

The stream Test Settings can only be modified before opening a file. To change these
settings and options once a file has been opened: the file must be closed, the settings
modified and the file re-opened.

Select

Tests... from the Settings menu to open the Test

Settings dialog.

Note that the

Tests… option is not available when a file is

open.

The Test Settings dialogue contains a number of tabbed pages as described below:

Tabs are shown only for the test sets available, as set in the Stream Interpretation screen.

General Tests

SI/PSI/PSIP Tables
Conformance Checks

IS/PSI/SI Descriptor
Conformance Checks

Mandatory Descriptors

The ATSC standard, in particular, specifies differences in the allowed and mandatory
descriptors based upon whether the context is cable, satellite or terrestrial. The analyzer does
not know the intended context, so may log warnings that do not apply in all contexts. In
these situations the log will indicate the contexts that are relevant.

10 AD951A/AD953A MPEG Test System User Manual

Enables conformance check of the SI/PSI tables.

Enables conformance checks of the SI/PSI descriptors.

Checks for inclusion of mandatory descriptors within each
SI/PSI table.

Transport Stream Analyzer - 1

Message Control

Message Control is used to limit the level of error reporting during analysis. Select the error
level required.

Limit Repeat Errors

Multiple reports (greater than 20) of errors can be limited, by enabling the Limit Repeat

Errors

checkbox.

When this option is enabled, up to 20 reports are made for a single error type, but thereafter
a the total in excess of twenty is displayed at the end of the analysis.

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MPEG2 Test Options

These test options are laid out in a similar hierarchy to the conformance specifications in
the MPEG-2 standard. For a full description of each test, see section 2.3.2.1 of the MPEG-2
standard ISO/IEC 13818-4 (Ref [9]). The dialog uses the same names as those used in the
standard.

Enable an option in the dialog to check for conformance to that part of the specification. A
test is enabled when there is a check mark in the box. Conformance is not tested when the
box is not checked.

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DVB Test Options

These test options are laid out according to the Priority scheme used in the conformance
specifications for the DVB standards. Refer to section 5.2 of the DVB standard TR 101 290
(Ref [1]) for a full description. The dialog uses the same names as those in the standard.

Enable an option to check for conformance to the related part of the specification. An
option is enabled when there is a check mark in the box. Conformance is not tested when
the box is not checked.

DVB 2.2 CRC-error and MPEG CRC tests refer to the same test and are linked in these
dialogs. Enabling/Disabling either test in one of the dialogs will also enable/disable the test
in the other dialog.

DVB tests also apply to both ISDB-S and ISDB-T standards.

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Single Frequency Network (SFN) Errors

SFN error analysis is only applicable in DVB interpretation mode. The option is enabled
when there is a check mark in the box. Conformance is not tested when the box is not
checked.

All of the tests specified in DVB standard TR 101 290 (Ref [1]) are carried out.

Although MIPs are not SI tables, they are listed in the Transport Navigator window as such
for convenience. SFN errors are presented in the Message Log.

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Advanced DVB Test Settings

The advanced DVB test settings dialog provides defaults for (and an opportunity to change)
a selection of Priority 3 DVB test settings.

The dialog is accessed using the

DVB Tests tab.

Advanced Test Settings… button on the Test Setting -

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1 - Transport Stream Analyzer

ATSC Test Options

These test options are laid out according to the Priority scheme used in the conformance
specifications for the ATSC standards. Refer to A/65 Program and System Information
Protocol for Terrestrial Broadcast and Cable (Ref [3]) for a full description. The dialog
uses the same names as those in the standard

Enable an option to check for conformance to the related part of the specification. An
option is enabled when there is a check mark in the box. Conformance is not tested when
the box is not checked.

PID_error, PCR_accuracy_error, SI_repetition_rate and unreferenced_PID conform to

the equivalent DVB tests.

Include ATSC Program Paradigm in conformance check is

specific to ATSC streams.

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Scripts and Modules

SI scripts and modules are available to the Transport Stream Analyzer to enable SI table and
descriptor data to be analysed successfully. Whilst scripts are mainly used to enable
analysis of SI data dictated by the various international standards, modules tend to be used
to enable analysis of proprietary SI.

Essential scripts and modules are installed and enabled using the Stream Interpretation
dialog. In the absence of any enabled scripts or modules, only the PAT table will be
analysed, all other data will be presented as private data.

A listing of the currently available scripts is given in the Custom SI Scripting section of this
manual. In addition, scripts may be customised to provided analysis of private data.
Modules and their documentation are supplied when required. As a security measure, the
use of some modules may require dongle permissions to be set.

If a suitably configured script is selected and enabled before a stream is analysed, custom
data will be analysed when the stream is opened. If the script is not selected or enabled the
stream will not fail to be analysed, but any custom data will be reported as either an error in
the stream configuration or as private or unknown data.

Scripts and modules can only be selected and enabled when no files are open. The Stream
Interpretation dialog is available when a file is open, but all activity is disabled.

Note that a script file will not be used for analysis until:

x It is present in the Scripts text-box in the current analysis mode.

x It is successfully enabled by closing the Stream Interpretation dialog using the OK

button.

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1 - Transport Stream Analyzer

p

Handling Scripts and Modules

To open the Stream Interpretation dialog, with all files
closed select the

Settings menu.

The Stream Interpretation dialog is displayed as shown
below:

Script and
Module
Selection

Stream Interpretation… option from the

Current

Scri

ts

Expert Mode controls

Current

Modules

The top half of the dialog is concerned with selecting scripts and modules. The two text
boxes (Scripts and Modules) show the scripts and modules currently selected. The area
between the two text boxes is dedicated to Expert mode controls.

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Script and Module Selection

The selection area of the Stream Interpretation dialog is best viewed and used from left to
right.

Base Standard section allows the MPEG, DVB, ATSC or ISDB standard to be

The
selected for analysis.

MPEG-2 only

Interprets and analyses the packets in conformance to the MPEG-2
standards.

DVB

Interprets and analyses the Transport Stream Packets according to the
specifications of the DVB and MPEG-2 standards.

ATSC

Interprets and analyses the Transport Stream Packets according to the
specifications of the ATSC and MPEG-2 standards.

ISDB

Interprets and analyses the Transport Stream Packets according to the
ARIB and MPEG-2 standards

The standard selected will dictate the availability of the remaining options in the Extensions
and Data Standard sections.

The

Extensions section allows country-specific extensions to be added to the basic

standard scripts. If

None is selected, only the standard scripts are listed in the Scripts text-

box. The remaining country-specific extensions add extra scripts to the current listing. As
with the Base Standard, the choice of
options in the

Data Standards section. The Custom selection allows users to include their

Extensions option will dictate the availability of the

own selection of scripts using Expert Mode.

The

Data Standards section offers a choice of data-specific scripts.

The last section,

Proprietary Standards, lists the proprietary modules currently available.

Note that the scripts and modules listed by default are those resident in the default
installation directory (i.e. tektronix\testsystem\modules). Other directory locations can be
specified in Expert Mode. All selections will be retained between TS Analyzer sessions.

Syntax Checking

Scripts are syntactically analysed when the OK button is selected. They are also checked
when the application is opened. A fault in the syntax of a script will not necessarily prevent
a stream from being analysed, but it may result in incomplete analysis of the stream.

Scripts listed in the Scripts text-box will not be used for stream analysis until they have
been successfully checked; that is, the application has been opened or the Stream
Interpretation dialogue has been closed with no script-related error messages issued.

An intermediate check of scripts listed in the Scripts text-box can be made by selecting the

Reload Scripts button. This performs the same action as the OK button but leaves the

dialog open. Similarly, the Reload Modules button performs an intermediate check on the
listed modules.

Syntactic errors will be indicated and reported in the Message Log.

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Expert Mode

Expert Mode allows the user to select and customise the scripts and modules to be
used in stream analysis. Note that when the expert mode is selected, the Custom extension
option is automatically selected and that the management buttons are enabled. In Expert
mode, all scripts become available to be added to the script list. The scripts will be checked
and loaded, ready to be used for analysis, when the OK button is selected.

Script Management Buttons

The script management buttons act on the scripts currently listed in the Scripts text-box.

Script files are parsed in the order that they are listed; in some circumstances this
may be important. To move a file in a list, highlight the file name and select the Up
or Down arrow button as required. Each press of the button will move the file up
or down one place in the list until it reaches the top or the bottom.

Add a script to the list: A standard Windows file selection dialog is opened. The
default file extension is
added to the bottom of the list. If necessary, it can be moved using the Up and
Down buttons.

Scripts can be loaded from any directory.

Delete the highlighted script.

Change scripts' default directory: By default, all scripts are found in a default
directory created during installation (i.e. tektronix\scripts). This button may be
used to set a different default directory.

Note that all scripts supplied by Tektronix in the default installation are installed in
a single directory; as long as this directory is designated as the default directory,
they will work satisfactorily.

Script

management

.scp. Select the required file. The selected script will be

Module

management

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View highlighted script with the associated application; by default, script files are
associated with the ScriptPad utility.

For a script file to be viewed successfully, the file extension (.scp) must be
associated with a text editor in the MS Windows environment. The MPEG Test
System installation program associates by default a script editing utility called
ScriptPad; the user may use another text editor, e.g. MS Notepad, if preferred.
ScriptPad is a simple script editor that can be installed with the MPEG Test
System. Scripts can be viewed and edited as required (depending upon the file
permissions).

Module Management Buttons

The module management buttons act on the modules currently listed in the Modules text­box.

Add a module to the list: A standard Windows file selection dialog is opened. The
default file extension is
added to the list; list order is not important as it is with scripts.

Note that some specialised modules need to be security enabled via the dongle. In
these cases, a warning will be issued when the module is reloaded.

.dll. Select the required file. The selected module will be

Delete the highlighted module.

Change modules' default directory: By default, all modules are found in a default
directory created during installation (i.e. tektronix\testsystem\modules). This
button may be used to set a different default directory.

Note that all modules supplied by Tektronix in the default installation are installed
in a single directory; as long as this directory is designated as the default directory,
they will work satisfactorily.

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1 - Transport Stream Analyzer

Opening a file

Any file holding a recorded or synthesised sample of a stream can be opened for analysis by
this program. To analyze the PES packets open the file in the PES Analyzer. A file can be
opened by both the TS and PES Analyzers at the same time.

Opening a file from the Menus and Toolbar

To open a file select the Open ... option from the

File menu. If the required file is in the list of

recently analysed files then it can be opened from
the list to save using the open file dialogue.

Alternatively use the

There is a shortcut button available on the Toolbar
for opening a file, which uses the standard file open
symbol:

Ctrl+O keyboard shortcut.

Opening a file from Windows Explorer or a File Browser Window

A new copy of the program can be run and a selected file opened in a single operation by
selecting a Stream File in Windows Explorer or a File Browser window

Place the pointer over the file name or icon, press the right mouse button to pop-up a menu
and then select the

When the program is started with a selected file the last set of program options will be used.

Analyse option

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Window Layout

Transport Navigator and Message Log windows are opened as soon as the file is opened.
The layout of the windows will have been saved from the last time the program was used. If
the program has just been installed the windows will be in the application default Cascade
arrangement which looks like this:

Many users re-arrange the windows so that the Transport Navigator and Message Log do
not overlap. The examples in this manual often use this arrangement:

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1 - Transport Stream Analyzer

Transport Stream Analysis

The Transport Stream Analyzer program now starts to analyze the file for conformance to
the selected tests. Thanks to the efficient algorithms used by the program a large file will be
analysed in only minutes. A great deal of computation is being performed during the
analysis phase, less efficient algorithms have been seen to take hours.

As the file is analysed messages are written in the Message Log and the Top Levels of the
Transport Structure diagram are drawn in the Transport Navigator. The rightmost pane in
the Status Bar at the bottom of the program window shows the progress of analysis as the
percentage of the file processed.

When the processing is done an ‘

Analysis Complete’ message is written in the Message

Log with a summary of the information analysed and errors found. The summary includes
the rate at which the file was analysed

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SI Filtering

Table elements can be excluded from the Transport
Navigator display using the Display Filter available via the

Settings Î Display filter… Menu bar option.

The following dialog is displayed:

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1 - Transport Stream Analyzer

Selecting a Table for Filtering

Example: Prior to filtering, the stream tree may be as shown here:

In the Filter SI Display dialog table identities
are listed in the

Table Id: drop-down menu.

All sections of a table can be excluded by
enabling the

Exclude all table sections

checkbox.

To view the result of filtering, the Refresh

Table Tree
View menu.

option must be selected from the

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In this case the PMT Table Id will still be displayed but all sections will be excluded – as
shown below:

or sections of tables can be included:

To exclude a range of sections, enable the section by selecting the checkbox and enter the
range required.

Note that section names
shown in the dialog change
according to the Table
selected.

To view the result of
filtering, the

Tree

option (or F5) must be

selected from the

Refresh Table

View

menu.

For example, the settings shown here will result in the display shown below:

Minimum and maximum values may be entered in either decimal (12345) or hexadecimal
(0xA12B) format.

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1 - Transport Stream Analyzer

The parameters for each table must be set individually. Overall settings can be applied
individually by selecting the
all of the settings and selecting the

Apply button when a setting is made or as a whole by making

OK button.

To view the result of new filter settings, the
from the

View menu.

All settings can be cleared by selecting the

Note that filter settings remain in force for as long as TS Analyzer is active; filter settings
made for one stream will be applied to all streams subsequently opened. The settings are
lost when TS Analyzer is closed unless they have been previously saved.

Saving/Loading SI Filter Settings

The filter settings made in the Display Filter dialog can be saved and subsequently re­applied to the same stream or other streams.

To save the current filter settings, select the
the

Save As dialog. To retrieve or load filter settings, select the Load button and identify

the filter file in the

Open dialog. The file extension *.fil is used.

Storing SI information

This features speeds up the analysis time where high densities of SI are present. Table data
collected during analysis is stored in volatile memory if the
is enabled. This means that even if filtering is applied, the underlying data is still available.
If the filtering is removed, the data can be successfully displayed. The data is lost when the
stream is closed.

Refresh Table Tree option must be selected

Clear All button.

Save button and enter a name (and location) in

Settings Î Store all SI option

If the

Settings Î Store all SI option is not enabled, full analysis will still take place, but

any Table information which is not displayed because of filter setting will be discarded. If
all sections in a table are filtered, even the Table Id will not be displayed in the Navigator
tree.

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Menus and Controls

When a file is open the program presents a different set of controls. All TS Analyzer
functions can be accessed from the Menu Bar. The Toolbars provide convenient shortcuts
for the more frequently used menu options. All controls are context-sensitive; that is, they
will be enabled or disabled depending on the view currently selected.

Menus and Options

The Menu Bar provides access to all system options via drop-down menus.

A check mark (
no

9 means that it is hidden. Similarly a greyed-out option indicates that the option is not

currently available.

File Menu Options

9) next to an option indicates that the window or toolbar is currently visible,

Close Closes the current file. This option is

available as soon as analysis starts. If
the wrong file is being opened, or the
wrong options are selected, selecting
this option will abandon the analysis
and close the file.

Save Allows the currently highlighted

Transport Navigator view to be saved
in ASCII format. (If the view has not
previously been saved, the Save As…
dialog is displayed so that a file name
can be created.)

Save As… Allows the currently highlighted

Transport Navigator view to be
named and saved in ASCII format.

Print Setup… Selects printer and configuration.

Print Preview Provides an on-screen print preview

of the currently selected view.

Print… Prints contents of the currently

selected view.

Exit Closes any file that is open and

terminates execution the program.

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1 - Transport Stream Analyzer

Find Menu Options

Edit Menu Options

Transport Packet Opens the Find Transport Packet

dialogue, to search using one or
more criteria..

Copy Copies the contents of the current

window to the Windows Clipboard,
from which it can be pasted into a
document in another application.

Paste TS Packet Selecting this option will go to

and display details of the packet
number held by the Windows
clipboard.

(The packet should have already

been identified in the PES Analyzer
and copied to the Windows
clipboard using the

TS packet

option.)

Edit Î Copy

View Menu Options

Options available in this menu are dependent upon the currently selected view.

View Menu Options - All views, basic menu

Toolbars Ź

A sub-menu that provides the Control viewing
options. All options are toggle action. The
following options are available:

Main Views
PCR Graphs View Controls
Slider bar Status bar

(See Toolbars, page 34.)

-----------------------------------------------------------------

All options in this section of the View menu are
toggle action; either showing or hiding the named
view.

Message Log

Shows or hides the Message Log view.

Hex Views Ź

Transport Packet Hex View

Displays the transport packet in
hexadecimal form.

PSI/SI/PSIP Section Hex View

Displays the PSI/SI/PSIP table section in
hexadecimal form.

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Structure Diagrams Ź

Transport Packet Header and
PSI/SI/PSIP Section

Bit Rate Graphs

Transport Bit Rate
PID Bit Rate.

PCR Statistics Ź

Interval; Arrival Time Jitter; Inaccuracy;
Overall Jitter and Frequency Offset

Multiplex Statistics

and

Ź

Histogram and Pie chart view selection.

Module Specific View

Displays a module specific view, e.g. EPG
(Electronic Program Guide). If more than one
module specific view is available, a dialog is
displayed from which a selection can be made.

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Refresh

Refreshes the currently active view (where
appropriate).

View Menu Options - Multiplex Statistics view (Histogram only)

Program View

Changes the sort order of the PIDs in the
Multiplex Statistics window. When enabled,
the PIDs are sorted by Program and Table
order. When disabled they are sorted by
ascending PID number.

Bitrate

PID usage can be expressed either as a
percentage of the whole stream or in Mbit/s.

View Menu Options - Navigator view

Expand Table Tree

Expands all the nodes in the Transport
Navigator window’s Transport Structure tree.

Collapse Table Tree

Collapses all the nodes in the Transport
Structure tree.

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Graphs Menu Options

Graphs menu options are enabled when a graph view is open.

Settings Menu Options

All Settings dialogs are enabled when no stream is open. With a stream open, all Settings
menu options are enabled except the Tests option; the

Size

dialog boxes are opened in read-only mode.

Synchronise Views

When enabled, automatically synchronises all
displayed PCR graphs.

Zoom In / Out

Zoom in/out the displayed PCR graph.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Previous Point Differential

Selects PPD plotting in the PCR Statistics
graphs.

Line Fit Differential

Selects LFD plotting in the PCR Statistics
graphs.

Stream Interpretation… and Packet

Tests…

Displays the Test Settings dialog.

Stream Interpretation…

Displays the Stream Interpretation dialog.

Packet Size

Specifies the packet size that will be used to
interpret the stream.

Display Filter…

Displays the Display Filter dialog.

Store all SI

When enabled, all SI information is stored
during analysis. When disabled, SI Information
for tables that are filtered out is not stored.

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Window Menu Options

Cascade Cascades all open windows in TS

Analyzer. Minimized windows are
ignored.

Tile Tiles all open windows

horizontally.

Arrange Icons Aligns icons of any minimised

windows at the bottom of the
program's main window.

1 <window title> Makes the named window

2 <window title> active, putting it on top of any

3

... etc. windows which had been

hiding all or part of it.

Help Menu Options

About StreamAnalyser… Opens a dialog which

displays the program version
number and license number.

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1 - Transport Stream Analyzer

Toolbars

Toolbars provide convenient shortcuts for the more frequently used menu options. The four
toolbars are described in the following paragraphs.

Toolbars can be individually dragged off the edge of the main window into a floating pallet.
To do this place the mouse pointer on the vertical bar at the left-hand end of the toolbar,
hold the left button down and drag into the main window area. The result is a self-contained
window as shown below:

Toolbars can also be docked with any edge of the main TS Analyzer window. To place the
Toolbar on a window border drag it over the border until the outline changes shape.

Main Toolbar

Closes the current file. This button becomes enabled the moment a file is opened
and analysis starts. If the wrong file is being opened, or the wrong options are
selected, clicking on the button will abandon the analysis and close the file.

Open a file. This button is disabled when a file is open.

Saves the contents of the Transport Navigator to a simple text file.

Print the contents of the current window.

Opens the Find Transport Packet dialog to search for a packet by one or more

criteria.

Copies the Message Log to the clipboard.

Opens a dialog that displays the program version number and license number.

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Views Toolbar

Toggles the Message Log view.

Toggles the Transport Packet Hex view.

Toggles the SI Table Section Hex view.

Toggles the Transport Packet Header view.

Toggles the SI/PSI Table view

Toggles the PCR Instantaneous Transport Rate scatter graph.

Toggles the PID Bit Rate graph.

Toggles the Multiplex Statistics (Histogram) view.

Toggles the Multiplex Statistics (Pie Chart) view.

Toggles a module-specific view, e.g. EPG view. If more than one module­specific view is available a dialog containing a list of available views is
displayed.

PCR Views Toolbar

Toggles the PCR Interval scatter graph.

Toggles the PCR Arrival Time Jitter scatter graph

Toggles the PCR Inaccuracy scatter graph

Toggles the PCR Overall Jitter scatter graph

Toggles the PCR Frequency Offset scatter graph

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1 - Transport Stream Analyzer

View Control Toolbars

Navigator View Control

Status Bar

Message Field

Expands all branches of the

Transport Structure tree in the Transport

Navigator.

Collapses all branches of the

Transport Structure tree in the Transport

Navigator.

Multiplexer Statistics Histogram View Control

Toggles the Multiplex Statistics histogram view between Program view and
PID view.

Toggles the display of the value of the current occupancy of each PID relative
to the other PIDs in either

% or Mb/s.

PCR Graph View Control

Synchronises all PCR graph displays.

Zoom in to PCR graph display.

Zoom out from PCR graph display.

Base Standard

Keyboard Mode
Indicators

Filter Status

Timestamp
status

Analysis
status

The Status Bar may be hidden from view, but if visible is always at the bottom of the main
window. It displays the following information about the program and keyboard states:

Message Field Gives a description of any button or menu option over which

the mouse pointer is placed. It can also show non-critical
messages.

Base Standard Indicates the base standard selected in the Stream

Interpretation dialog.

Keyboard Mode Indicators Indicates the keyboard mode, i.e. CapsLock, NumLock and

ScrollLock.

Filter Status Indicates that the Navigator display Filter is in use, i.e.

On

.

Filter

Timestamp Status Indicates that timestamps have been found in the stream.

Analysis Status Indicates progress when a file is being loaded.

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Slider Bar

The program can display the contents of any packet in the currently loaded file. Packets are
numbered according to their position in the file, the first being packet 0 (zero). The Slider
Bar displays the packet number for the current packet. It has a slider control and buttons for
selecting which packet to view.

Slider

Scrolls through the
packets in the file.

Start of file

Move to
previous packet

End of file

Move to next
packet

Current packet

The left and right cursor movement buttons are shortcuts for the previous and next packet
buttons.

A filter can be specified to restrict which packets the Slider Bar may select. The filter can
be used to select a particular PID and table_id in the table sections of the Navigator tree or a
single PID in the Active PIDs section of the Navigator tree. The current filter selection is

indicated by the magnifying glass symbol,

, in the Transport navigator. A new filter can
be selected by clicking on the required Table or Active PID in the Transport Navigator
window.

Selected Type:

PMT tables

for Program 1

(PID 32)

Clicking on any reference to a PID or table_id will set the filter. For example clicking on
the line ‘

PCR PID = 289 (PID 289 (0x121)’ will restrict selection to packets carrying PID

289.

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When there is no magnifying glass symbol or
Bar may select any packet. To disable filtering, click on the

Transport Structure is selected the Slider

Transport Structure node.

Like the Toolbar, the Slider Bar can be dragged from the edge of the main window into a
floating pallet. To do this click on the background inside the Slider Bar (the label ‘

Packet’

is a convenient place) and drag into the main window area. The result is a self-contained
window which looks like this:

To replace the Slider Bar on the window border drag it over the border until the outline
changes shape. Unlike the Toolbar it can only be placed on either the top or bottom edges.

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Find Transport Packet

To go to or search for transport packets select the

Transport Packet option from the Find menu.

Alternatively click on the Find Transport Packet
button on the Toolbar:

This opens the Find Transport Packet dialog. Packets can be searched for by any
combination of the Criteria contained in the dialogue. The
its position within the file, taking the first packet as 0 (zero).

Goto facility selects a packet by

By default, when the

Find->Transport Packet option is first selected, none of the criteria

options are selected, the packet number in the

Find Previous buttons are disabled.

Goto panel is 0 (zero), the Find Next and

The Find Transport Packet dialog remains open after a packet has been selected to make it
quicker to select further packets. It may be closed by selecting the

Done button. The dialog

is not confined within the boundaries of the main window. It may be moved on to the
desktop and also minimised on the desktop.

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1 - Transport Stream Analyzer

Search by Criteria

To search for packets which match a set of criteria select the required options in the Criteria
panel. For example, if packets of PID 160 carry MPEG-2 video, to search for packets with
an adaptation field the criteria could be selected as follows:

Click in a checkbox to select a search criteria. Once selected the associated value is no
longer ‘greyed out’ and can be modified. The
decimal or hexadecimal by prefixing the value with
hexadecimal. Select all of the required search criteria and specify the associated values.

Both of the

Find Next to search forward from the current packet or Find Previous to search backwards.

The Byte Filter

The byte filter criteria
provides facilities to
search for packets by the
value at a specific
position in the packet.

Select the byte filter option then enter the search value and position of the byte within the
packet. Enter the search value as a pair of hexadecimal digits. In the above example the
value is 0x7f (that is 127 in decimal). The position is specified as an offset from the first
byte in the packet, the same as the addresses shown in the Transport Packet Hex View. The
first byte of a packet is at position 0 (zero).

When searching for a packet with the
value of
becomes available for selection.

sync_byte and PID values may be entered in

0x. E.g. PID 160 would be 0xA0 in

Find buttons become enabled as soon as one of the criteria is selected. Click on

adaptation_field_control criteria selected and a

3 (payload and adaptation field) the Offset from end of adaptation field option

This option changes the address mode to treat the first byte after the adaptation field as
position 0 (zero). For example:

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To search for packets
which have the value 7
in the 15 byte after an
adaptation field, enter a
value of 07 hex and a
position address of 14
decimal.

Loading and Saving Settings

The current set of search criteria may be saved to disk for reference
and re-use by clicking on the
browser window is opened to specify the name and location of the
settings file.

By default the file has an extension of .fnd

Save Settings button. A standard file

Goto Packet

Select the

Load Settings button to restore a set of previously saved search criteria.

This also opens a
standard file browser
with the default
extension of

.fnd

It is a good idea to
choose names that
explain what the settings
are or give a reminder of
what the search is for.

Transport Stream Analyzer displays the location of a packet within the file on the Slider
Bar. This is the position from the start of the file, numbering the first packet as Packet 0
(zero). To move to a specific packet by this address, enter the packet number and select the

Goto Packet button in the Goto panel. For example:

This will move to packet

108325. If the file is shorter than 108325 packets the program will

stay on the current packet.

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Transport Navigator

Where required, the Transport Navigator performs the following functions:

x Displays structure of the Service Information (SI/DVB) and Program Specific

Information (PSI/MPEG) and Program and System Information Protocol (PSIP/ATSC)
Tables, including their payload information.

x Lists all the Active Packet Identifiers (PID).

x Enables packet selection, via the Slider Bar, to be set to all packets or only those

belonging to a particular PID or PID and table_id.

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Transport Structure Diagram

The Transport Navigator is displayed by the program as soon as a file is opened. As the file
is analysed the top levels of a structure diagram are drawn in the window:

The structure is represented by a tree diagram, with the ‘root node’ or highest level
component at the top. Components which contain more information beneath them in the
structure are indicated as a branch node by a square box.

Click on the box to
display or hide the
structure beneath
the node.

Click on the
box to
display or

If the branch node has a minus sign in the box the level of detail below it is displayed. The
lower level(s) may be hidden by clicking the mouse pointer on the box.

If the box contains a plus sign, there is another level contained by the node which is
currently hidden. Click the mouse pointer on the box to display the next level of
information under the node.

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Components which are connected to a branch of the tree without a square box are leaf
nodes. They display the lowest and finest level of detail.

Selecting a PID

The Transport Navigator displays Packet Identifiers (PID) as a positive decimal integer
followed by the equivalent hexadecimal value in brackets (parenthesis). The PID is carried
in a 13 bit field hence PID values range from

When a file is first opened and analysed any packet may be selected. The Slider Bar and
Transport Navigator can be used together for restricting selection to packets with a
particular PID and table_id. This is called PID and table_id filtering. A filter can be
specified by clicking on any reference to a PID or table.

0 (0x0) to 8191 (0x1FFF).

Selected Type:

PMT tables

for Program 1

(PID 32)

The magnifying glass symbol,

, on the line indicates the selected PID and table_id.

To select a PID which does not hold table
information or is not referred to in a table do the
following:

Expand the

Active PIDs branch of the Transport

Structure. This gives a list of all the Packet
Identifiers found in the file.

If the list is longer than can be contained in the visible
area of the window a scroll bar will appear. Scroll
down to find the required PID.

Select the line showing the PID number.

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To disable the filter and allow any packet to be selected, click on
root node. When the

Transport Structure node is selected (or the magnifying glass symbol

Transport Structure, the

is hidden) the Slider Bar may select any packet.

Transport Structure
selects all packet types.

No magnifying
glass implies
that all types
are selected.

Refer to the section on the Slider Bar for details of how to select packets once the PID
selection is made.

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Looking at the SI/PSI/PSIP Tables

Table information is carried in the packet payloads. Each table section is carried in packets
identified by a PID unique to that table.

For example:

The Program Association
Table (PAT) is always held
in packets of PID 0 (zero).
The PAT contains
information about which
PIDs in the Transport
Stream are carrying the
Program Map Tables
(PMT).

Under the Version and
Section number the
Transport Navigator
identifies the first packet in
the file holding the PAT
section (

at…

Section starts

).

For sections that do not have
reserved PIDs (e.g. the PMT
which is referenced by the
PAT),

Section starts at…

does not identify the first
packet of the first section in
the file. Instead, it describes
the first packet of the first
section after the PID has
been referenced.

E.g. In the screenshot, the PMT for Program 4167 states Section starts in packet 1721.
This (1721) is actually the first packet number of the section after PMT PID 4167 has been
referenced by the PAT.

Some table sections are so large that their information is split across several packets. In
these cases the transport navigator gives the number of the first packet of that section in the
file with the

payload_unit_start_indicator in the Transport Packet Header set.

Below this the program interprets and displays the contents of the section.

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Table Structure

When a table section has been selected in the Transport Navigator, the SI/PSI Table
Structure window may be opened. This displays the Table contents in an alternative format,
as specified in the MPEG-2 standard ISO/IEC 13818-1, Annex F.

The above example shows a similar PAT to that displayed by the Transport Navigator in the
previous section. The
a large adaptation field, this table will fit in a single packet.

Looking at the Packets

Individual packets containing Table information can be examined using the Transport
Packet Header and Hex View. This is the same PAT section as shown above. Looking at the
first packet in the Hex View confirms that this section fits in a single packet:

Section length is held in this packet
in the byte at address 0x0007, with a
value of 0x21 (33 in decimal).

The last byte of table section
information is at address 0x0028.
From byte 0x002A to 0x00BC the
packet has been filled with packet
stuffing bytes of 0xFF.

The last 16 bytes contain the Reed Solomon data.

If in any doubt open the Transport Packet Header window to check for adaptation fields, as
in the next example.

section length field in the Table Structure shows that, unless there is

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Packets with Adaptation Fields

Packets carrying table sections may also contain an adaptation field. Here is an example of
a Service Description Table (SDT) section where an adaptation field and payload exactly
fill one packet:

Section length

in bytes

The Table Structure shows a section length of 113 bytes. This is the number of bytes after
the

section length field. So the total number of bytes in this payload is 117.

Opening the Transport Packet Header window shows an Adaptation Field of 67 bytes:

Gives number of bytes

following this byte. Total

length of Adaption Field

is 67 bytes

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Adding these together with the 4 bytes of the Header gives a total of 188 bytes:

Header 4

Adaptation Field 67

Payload (Section length + 4 bytes) + 117

188

If the transport stream consists of 204 byte packets the remaining 16 bytes contain the Reed
Solomon data. This is how the packet looks in the Hex View:

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Table Sections spanning two or more packets

A table section may contain more information than can fit in a single packet. Without any
space taken up by an adaptation field a packet has 184 bytes available to hold payload data.
The section of the Network Information Table (NIT) in this example has a section length of
216 bytes:

Number of bytes

after this field

The

section length can be seen in the Transport Navigator as well as the Table View:

Number of bytes

after this field

The payload for this NIT section consists of: 4 bytes of data up to and including the section
length field, plus the 216 bytes following the section length field. A total of 220 bytes. This
spans two packets as follows:

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Packet carrying first byte of table section

Both Table Structure and Transport Navigator identify the first packet in the file which
carries the start of the section. Selecting the Table in the Transport navigator automatically
selects the first packet with a start of section. There may be one or more packets, preceding
that, whose section start was prior to the start of file.

The Slider Bar will allow any packet of the chosen PID to be selected. The Transport Packet
header will show if it carries the start of a packet. For example:

The payload unit start

indicator is set to 1,

hence this packet

should hold the start of

the section

Alternatively, the
packets by PID with a particular

Find Î Transport Packet menu option has facilities to search for

payload_unit_start_indicator value.

The Hex View shows that the packet is completely filled by the section contents. There are
no packet stuffing bytes.

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Subsequent Packet carrying PSI Table section

The next packet, which should contain the remaining 36 bytes of the table section, can be
selected by either:

x Clicking on the Next packet button in the slider bar (providing that table section is still

selected as the current PID in the Transport navigator)

x Using the

payload_unit_start_indicator parameter set to 0 (zero).

Find -> Transport Packet menu option with the

The second packet of the example NIT section looks like this in the Transport Packet
Header and the Hex Views:

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Looking at the Complete Table (Hex View)

The SI Table Hex view displays the complete table in hex format.

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Transport Packet Hex View

This is the lowest level view of the Transport Packet data. It shows the contents of each
byte in hexadecimal on the left and ASCII characters on the right. The ASCII representation
only shows characters for values in the range 0x20 (space) to 0x7e (tilde). All others are
represented by a dot.

Each byte is represented as a pair of hexadecimal digits, in the hexadecimal representation
and a single character in ASCII. The four digit numbers in the left most column are the
addresses, also in hexadecimal, of the first byte of each row. Four example: the sync byte
(value

47) is first in the packet. It is at address 0x0000.

Address of

the first byte in

the row

in this case

the Sync byte

0x4f

shown as

the letter "G" in

ASCII

Note that by using the cursor to highlight a section of data, the corresponding data is
highlighted in the hex or ASCII area.

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Packet Size

The packet size can be
determined from the address of
the last byte. 204 byte packets
go up to address 0x00CC, but
the last address of 188 byte
packets is 0x00BC.

The previous examples are from
a 204 byte packet stream.

This is an example from a 188
byte packet stream:

Packet Header

The first four bytes of the packet contain the Packet Header. The numbers in the Hex View
and characters in the ASCII view are colored magenta to make the header stand out. The
rest of the data, the payload, is displayed in black.

4 byte Packet

Header colour

coded magenta

ASCII view

colour coded

to match

The Transport Stream Analyzer provides the Transport Packet Header view to interpret
information held in headers and adaptation fields.

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Adaptation Fields

If the packet header has an adaptation field, the bytes are shown in blue. This is to make
them stand out from the rest of the header and the payload data.

This particular packet belongs to an MPEG-2 video PID and contains a PCR adaptation
field of 8 bytes. Adaptation fields can be much larger than this.

Transport Private Data

If transport private data is present it is color coded green in both the hexadecimal
representation and ASCII view:

4 byte Packet

Header colour

coded magenta

4 byte header

displayed in magenta

colour text

Adaptation Field

colour coded blue

Adaptation Field

displayed in blue

colour text

Text in ASCII

view colour coded

to match

Transport Private

Data colour coded

green

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r

Transport Packet Header

The Transport Packet Header view interprets and displays the header of the currently
selected packet. The relationship of the information displayed to the Hex View and
underlying binary data is shown in this diagram:

Transport

Packet

Heade

Binary

Hexadecimal

Hex View

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Adaptation Fields

If the packet contains an adaptation field the Transport Packet Header view will interpret
and show information which is defined in the MPEG-2, DVB and ATSC standards. It will
not interpret private data, whose format is not in the public domain.

This is a Transport Packet Header view of an adaptation field containing a Program Clock
Reference (PCR):

and this is the mapping between Transport Packet Header and Hex Views:

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Message Log

The program always displays the Message Log window when it opens a file. As the file is
analysed the program reports the results, listing errors and warnings, in this window. Once
analysis is complete, a summary is appended to the report.

The following icons are used to indicate the activity logged:

Information Indicates processing activity.

Time Indicates the time of an activity.

Warning Provides information about low severity events.

Error Provides information about high severity events and

conformance violations.

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Packet Selection

If a warning or error message gives a packet number, that packet may be inspected by
selecting the message. For example, here is an extract from a Message Log which contains
reports of errors and warnings, i.e. a series of conformance violations for packets 43, 44,
46,47 and a warning for Packet 45:

Any PID selection in the Transport navigator will be reset to allow all PIDs to be accessed.
The magnifying glass icon will appear on the
structure diagram:

Selecting this line

makes Packet 45 the

current packet.

Transport Structure at the top level of the

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Having selected the packet it can now be inspected with other tools, such as, the Transport
Packet Header and Hex View.

Raw header

information shown in

hexadecimal and colour

coded magenta

State of transport error

indicator is interpreted in

the Transport Packet

Header window

Grey may be used if the last bytes
are missing from the transport
stream; in such a case, the missing
bits would be set to 00.

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Multiplex Statistics

Two views of the multiplex statistics are available. Each view shows essentially the same
information, one as a histogram, the other as a pie chart. They show what proportion of the
Transport Stream is taken up by each PID, across the entire file. There are various display
options available in the histogram view.

Histogram View

Program View

When Transport Stream Analyzer is first started Program View is selected by default. This
displays the PIDs listed in program number order, then by PID number within each
program. The tables and non-program PIDs follow the programs in the list.

If there are more PIDs than can be displayed a scroll bar will appear on the right hand side
of the window.

From left to right the columns displayed in Program View are:

Program For program streams this displays the program number and type of

data carried by each PID. The data types are:

Video PID carries packets of video

Audio PID carries packets of audio

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AC3 Audio PID carries packet of ATSC compressed audio

Priv PID carries Private data

UPriv PID carries User Private data

For non-program PIDs a name or mnemonic is given if it can be

determined from the relevant tables. Any PID carrying unrecognised
data type is left blank.

PID Shows the PID number which each row of the table applies to.

% or Mbits/s Displays the current occupancy of each PID relative to the other PIDs

as a value. The selected units of measurement,

% or Mbits/s, is

displayed in the column title.

Use the

Multiplex Occupancy Shows the current occupancy of each PID relative to the other PIDs

Selecting Program View

To switch to Program View, if it is not currently selected, click on the

Program View option from either the right-click menu (right) or from

the

View menu (below):

Bitrate option from the pop-up Menu to toggle between the

% and Mbits/s display.

as a bar chart.

(A check mark 9 appears next to the option when Program View is selected. No check
mark indicates that PID View is selected.)

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PID View

The PID View displays the PIDs, in PID number order, without program numbers or types.
To select PID view, uncheck the
menus.

Using the same file as for the previous Program View example, the PID View is:

Program View option in either the View or right-click

From left to right the columns displayed in Program View are:

PID Shows the PID number to which each row of the table applies.

% or Mbits/s Displays the current occupancy of each PID relative to the other PIDs

as a value. The selected units of measurement,

% or Mbits/s, is

displayed in the column title.

Multiplex Occupancy Shows occupancy of each PID relative to the others as a bar chart.

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Right-Click Menu

This menu provides display options and a refresh command. Position the cursor anywhere
inside the window and click the right mouse button to display the menu.

Bitrate Display

When the Bitrate option is selected from the right-click menu the % or Mbits/s column
displays the occupancy figures in Mbit/s. For example:

(A check mark, 9,
indicates that the
display option is
currently enabled.)

Program View

Selects Program or PID view. (A check mark, 9,

indicates that Program View is selected. No check
mark, 9, means that PID view is displayed.)

Bitrate Toggle the % or Mbits/s column between

displaying values as a percentage or bit rate. (A
check mark, 9, indicates that the values are given
as a bit rate. No check mark, 9, means that they are
shown as a percentage.)

Refresh If a stream is still being analysed this option

refreshes the display to show the latest results.
Once analysis is complete, and the final results are
displayed, this option has no further effect.

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Double Clicking for Additional Information

Once the analysis of the file is complete some more information can be displayed by double
clicking on the bar or text for a PID. This causes the program to display a pop-up window
showing additional information. Single or double clicking the mouse elsewhere removes the
pop-up window.

Double clicking provides the same information in both the Program View and PID View.

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Pie Chart View

This Multiplex Statistics window displays a pie chart that shows what proportion of the
Transport Stream is taken up by each PID, across the entire file.

More information can be displayed by double-clicking a section of the pie chart. This
causes the program to display a pop-up window showing additional information for that
PID. The information displayed is the same as that shown in the histogram view.

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Graphing Features

The Transport Stream Analyzer program checks the Program Clock References (PCR) for
conformance to the DVB, ATSC and MPEG-2 standards. It analyses the timing of the PCRs
and displays interpretations of these results using the PCR Statistics Graphs.

There are two sets of graphs: PCR Statistics and Bit Rate. All graphs have a similar format
and controls. The common features are as follows:

PID
selection
buttons

Point Data

Display Area

Cursor

Slider Bar

PID Selection Buttons

Down the left hand side of the window are one or more buttons for selecting which PIDs to
plot on the graph. In the above example there are 5, of which PID 610 and PID 620 are
displayed in the graph.

Display Area

All points are color coded to match the color of their selection button, i.e. the points for PID
610 are colored the same blue as the top of the PID 610 button.

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Cursor

The cursor indicates the point to which the current data applies.

Note the crosshair box at the actual data point.

(See also Slider Bar below.)

Horizontal (Time) Axis

The horizontal axis of the graph represents time, as related to the position of the packet
within the file. The file starts at the left-hand side and finishes at the right.

Vertical Axis

The vertical axis is specific to each type of graph. The scale may be recalibrated when a
PID is added to the graph (button selected) or removed (button deselected).

Point Data

The data associated with a selected point is displayed in the Point Data table. The point can
be selected by clicking the cursor over the required point or by using the Slider Bar.

Bitrate Point Data Table

PCR Statistics Point Data Table

Note that not all values are relevant to all of the graphs described in the following pages.
Where not relevant, the value will be marked as 'not applicable' or the field will not be
displayed.

Zoom Controls

For each press of a plus or minus Zoom button, the x axis is scaled by
approximately ±50%.

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PCR Synchronise

Plot Format

The points on the PCR_AC, PCR_OJ and Arrival Time Jitter PCR graphs can be plotted
using one of two measurement methods: Previous Point Differential and Line Fit
Differential. The technical aspects of these methods are described in an on-line Technical
note accompanying this User Guide.

When enabled, this function automatically synchronises all displayed PCR
and bitrate graphs in terms of displayed PIDs, cursor position and zoom level.
The values are taken from the active PCR and applied to all open PCR and
bitrate graphs.

The plot method is selected via the

Graphs menu.

As a guide, the two illustrations below show the same section of a file in the PCR
Inaccuracy graph using the

Previous Point Differential and Line Fit Differential (default)

methods respectively.

Previous Point Differential Line Fit Differential

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Slider Bar

The Slider Bar represents the position of the currently selected point in the file, the section
of the file currently displayed and allows the selection to be changed.

Previous/Next

point

Cursor

Cursor

Pointer

File Range

Zoom Range

The whole bar represents the whole file or File Range. The black section of the bar, the
Zoom Range, represents the displayed section; this will change according to the zoom
selection.

The Cursor Pointer indicates the position of the cursor in the file/zoom range. The cursor
can be moved in the following ways:

x Click the mouse pointer in the display area. The Cursor will move to the nearest point

and details will be shown in the Data table. The Slider Bar will also reflect the change of
position.

x Use the mouse pointer to drag and drop the Cursor Pointer in the Slider Bar. If the

pointer is dragged outside the current Zoom Range, the Zoom Range (and hence the
display) will be moved to centre the cursor in the display area.

x Click the mouse pointer to the left or right of the Cursor Pointer.

x Use the Previous/Next point buttons. Each press of a button will move the Cursor to the

previous/next point of the currently selected PID.

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PCR Statistics Graphs

PCR Interval

This graph provides a display of the time interval between successive PCRs. The

interval is displayed on the y-axis. By default the y-axis scale shows the conformance
thresholds for the DVB, ATSC or MPEG-2 standards.

To conform to MPEG-2 the interval must be within 100ms. For conformance to DVB or
ATSC the interval must be within 40ms. If the interval exceeds the 100ms threshold, the y­axis scale will be adjusted accordingly.

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Arrival Time Jitter (Arrival)

(Also known as Network Jitter.) This graph displays the time interval between the

actual arrival time of a PCR packet and its expected arrival time based on its byte index.

The actual arrival time is calculated using time stamping information appended to each
packet when a transport stream is recorded with the Player application with Time-Stamping
active. Note that the ASI+TS card must be fitted for the time-stamping feature to be
available. Only time-stamped streams can be graphed in this way.

Arrival Time Jitter = PCR_OJ - PCR_AC

(For more information about Arrival Time Jitter, refer to Appendix I of Reference [1].)

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Inaccuracy (PCR-AC)

The Inaccuracy graph shows the difference between the actual and expected
values for each PCR on the y-axis. Expected PCR values are calculated from the byte index
of the PCR.

PCR_AC = PCR_OJ - Arrival Time Jitter

The MPEG-2, DVB and ATSC standards specify that PCRs must be within ±500ns of the
actual transport rate. By default the scale is set to ±500ns. If the Inaccuracy in any of the
displayed PIDs is greater than ±500ns, the y-axis is drawn to show the complete range of
values as full scale.

(For more information about PCR_AC, refer to Section 5.3.2.6 and Appendix I of
Reference [1].)

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Overall Jitter (PCR-OJ)

The Overall Jitter graph shows the time interval between the actual value of the

PCR and its expected value based on its arrival time.

The actual arrival time is calculated using time stamping information appended to each
packet when a transport stream is recorded with the Player application with Time-Stamping
active. Note that the ASI+TS card must be fitted for the time-stamping feature to be
available. Only time-stamped streams can be graphed in this way.

PCR_OJ = PCR_AC + Arrival Time Jitter

This value can be compared against the maximum error specification in ISO/IEC 13818-1
for PCR Accuracy of ±500 ns only if the jitter in the transmission is assumed to be zero.

(For more information about PCR_OJ, refer to Section 5.3.2.5 and Appendix I of
Reference [1].)

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Frequency Offset (PCR-FO)

The Frequency Offset graph shows the difference between the program clock
frequency and the nominal clock frequency (measured against a reference which is not PCR
or TS derived).

The frequency is calculated using time stamping information appended to each packet when
a transport stream is recorded with the Player application with Time-Stamping active. Note
that the ASI+TS card must be fitted for the time-stamping feature to be available. Only
time-stamped streams can be graphed in this way.

PCR_FO is a measurement of the error in the PCR frequency from the specified 27MHz;
the MPEG specification sets the limits at ±810Hz.

(For more information about PCR_OJ, refer to Section 5.3.2.3 and Appendix I of
Reference [1].)

PCR Drift Rate Measurement (PCR_DR)

This value (Clock Drift) is shown in the data table for a selected
point. It is the rate of change PCR_FO and is usually very small.
Since it is calculated using PCR_FO measurements, it is only
available for time-stamped transport streams.

(For more information about PCR_OJ, refer to Section 5.3.2.4 and Appendix I of
Reference [1].)

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Bit Rate Graphs

Instantaneous Transport Rate (ITR)

This graph displays the instantaneous transport rate on the y-axis. It is derived
from each pair of PCRs and displayed in the form of a scatter graph centred around the
mean transport rate for the file. Each point on the scatter graph represents the rate for a
particular PCR.

Following are some more examples from streams synthesised for Tektronix. They show
different ranges and patterns in the data:

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PID 110 is constant and PID 210 has a small sinusoidal variation, both centred on 8.0
Mbit/s.

PID 310 has a slightly bigger range, going from 7.9998 to 8.0001 Mbit/s. When added to the
graph the range and other data is rescaled.

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Adding PID 410 to the display changes the scales more. Because of the peak values of
PID 410, PIDs 310 and 210 now occupy a smaller proportion of the scale.

The vertical line in this graph shows a discontinuity of some sort. This may have been
caused by a large step in the PCR values. The general area can be determined by inspecting
and analysing the PCRs on either side of the discontinuity.

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PID Bitrate

specified PID over a particular interval (defined by MGB2, refer to section 5.3.3.2 in
reference [1]). The bitrate can be calculated for each PID in the stream. The bitrate for each
PID is calculated on-demand; a progress bar is displayed. If the
during calculation of the bitrate, the partial results are displayed in the graph window.

PID bitrate is calculated by counting the number of packets that occur on a

Stop button is selected

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)

Electronic Program Guide

The Electronic Program Guide view (EPG), available in DVB, ATSC or ISDB mode, is a
module-specific view. Information, extracted from the Service and Event SI/PSIP tables, is
used to compile a graphical display.

To open the EPG view, select

View Î Module Specific View. If more than one module-

specific view is available, a dialog is displayed from which the required view can be
selected.

Actual/Other
Schedule Select

Day SelectTime Select

Schedule window

Normal event (Bl)

Date Select

Time Zone Select

Overlapping
events (Or)

Zoom
Controls

Service
header

Present
event (Gr)

Following
event (Y)

CRC error (R)

Timescale (24hr

(Note that the codes given in the bottom left-hand corner of each
schedule item in this diagram are given for color reference only
and do not appear on the actual display.)

In the EPG example shown above, the current time is between 13:00 and 14:00 hours, as
implied by those events marked as 'Present'.

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The screen elements are described below:

Actual/Other The DVB, ATSC and ISDB-S standards describe two types of

The EPG can show only one schedule (Actual or Other) at a time.

Time Select If the time selected in this field is not currently displayed, the display

Day Select A DVB and ISDB schedule may contain schedules for up to 64 days;

Date Select This field provides an alternative way to select the day (of those that

Time Zone Select The time zone may either be derived from the transport stream, UTC

schedule information, i.e. the schedule for the Services transmitted in
the transport stream - Actual, and the schedule for Services not
carried in the transport stream - Other.

will immediately scroll until it is.

the ATSC schedule is 16 days long. This field is used to select the
day to be displayed. Note that only one day can be displayed at a
time.

may be available) to be viewed. Note that the value in the Day select
field is changed to match the date selected.

(Co-ordinated Universal Time) or local time (as set on the host
computer).

Zoom Controls Zooms in or out on the day currently displayed by approximately

50%.

Note that currently the EPG view will only display events in the H-layer when in ISDB-T
mode.

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Schedule Window

The main area or Schedule window of the EPG window displays all of the events scheduled
for a single day in the selected schedule (Actual or Other).

Each event described by the Event Information Table is displayed in graphical form and
associated with a Service. Included in each event block are the event name and the timing of
the event. In the case of present or following events, an appropriate label is also displayed
(DVB and ISDB only).

Event Properties

Double-clicking on an individual event or a service header in the schedule window will
display a properties dialog. The fields displayed in the two tab pages of this dialog are
derived from the EIT and SDT (DVB and ISDB) or the EIT and MGT (ATSC).

The content of the first page (left-hand tab) will vary depending on whether the item is an
event or a service and whether it is time-shifted or not. The second page (right-hand tab)
always displays Section Properties since both services and events, whether time-shifted or
not, are always carried in sections.

(Examples of DVB Event properties)

Time-Shifting

A service or event may be displayed with a clock icon ; this indicates that the item is
'time-shifted'.

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Color Coding

The status of the events is color coded for easy recognition:

Green: Present Event - An event which is signalled as the Actual or Other event

currently being broadcast (DVB and ISDB only).

Yellow: Following Event - An event which is signalled as the Actual or Other event to

be broadcast after the Present Event (DVB and ISDB only).

Blue: Normal Event - A normal, scheduled event that does not fall into any other

category.

Red: CRC Error - The event was transmitted in a section with a bad CRC (cyclic

redundancy check).

Orange: Overlapped Event - An event's duration overlaps with another event.

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