Tektronix 7016A Instruction Manual

Instruction Manual
50
Model 7016A
7016A-901-01 Rev. A / 5-99
Contains Operating and Servicing Information
WARRANTY
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 1 year from date of shipment.
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batter­ies, diskettes, and documentation.
During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective.
To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact K eithle y headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio. Y ou will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley’s express written consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leak­age, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instructions.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.
NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRU­MENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POS­SIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAM­AGE TO PR OPERTY.
Keithley Instruments, Inc. • 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, OH 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168 • http://www.keithle y.com
BELGIUM: Keithley Instruments B.V. Bergensesteenweg 709 • B-1600 Sint-Pieters-Leeuw • 02/363 00 40 • Fax: 02/363 00 64 CHINA: Keithley Instruments China Yuan Chen Xin Building, Room 705 • 12 Yumin Road, Dewai, Madian • Beijing 100029 • 8610-62022886 • Fax: 8610-62022892 FRANCE: Keithley Instruments Sarl B.P. 60 • 3, allée des Garays • 91122 Palaiseau Cédex • 01 64 53 20 20 • Fax: 01 60 11 77 26 GERMANY: Keithley Instruments GmbH Landsberger Strasse 65 • D-82110 Germering • 089/84 93 07-40 • Fax: 089/84 93 07-34 GREAT BRITAIN: Keithley Instruments Ltd INDIA: Keithley Instruments GmbH Flat 2B, WILOCRISSA • 14, Rest House Crescent • Bangalore 560 001 • 91-80-509-1320/21 • Fax: 91-80-509-1322 ITALY: Keithley Instruments s.r.l. Viale S. Gimignano, 38 • 20146 Milano • 02/48 30 30 08 • Fax: 02/48 30 22 74 NETHERLANDS: Keithley Instruments B.V. Postbus 559 • 4200 AN Gorinchem • 0183-635333 • Fax: 0183-630821 SWITZERLAND: Keithley Instruments SA Kriesbachstrasse 4 • 8600 Dübendorf • 01-821 94 44 • Fax: 01-820 30 81 TAIWAN: Keithley Instruments Taiwan 1 Fl. 85 Po Ai Street • Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. • 886-3572-9077• Fax: 886-3572-9031
The Minster • 58 Portman Road • Reading, Berkshire RG30 1EA • 0118-9 57 56 66 • Fax: 0118-9 59 64 69
6/99
Model 7016A 50
Instruction Manual
2GHz Multiplexer Card
©1999, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
All rights reserved. Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. First Printing, May 1999
Document Number: 7016A-901-01 Rev. A
Manual Print History
The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revi­sions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are num­bered sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page.
Revision A (Document Number (7016A-901-01)....................................................................................May 1999
All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some in­struments and accessories would normally be used with non-haz­ardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.
This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recog­nize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions re­quired to avoid possible injury. Read the operating information carefully before using the product.
The types of product users are:
Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use
and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for en­suring that operators are adequately trained.
Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be
trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instru­ment. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.
Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product
to keep it operating, for example, setting the line voltage or replac­ing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may per­form them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.
Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform
safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly trained ser­vice personnel may perform installation and service procedures.
Users of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that users are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product users in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of the circuit may be
exposed.
As described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 664, digital multimeter measuring circuits (e.g., Keithley Models 175A, 199, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2010) are Installation Category II. All other instruments’ signal terminals are Installation Category I and must not be connected to mains.
Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When con­necting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to lim­it fault current and voltage to the card.
Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connect­ed to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.
For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jump­ers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect
that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit bef ore measuring.
Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.
The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions or the safety of the equip­ment may be impaired.
Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and ac­cessories, as defined in the specifications and operating informa­tion, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.
When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is ap­plied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a lid interlock.
If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.
!
The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should re­fer to the operating instructions located in the manual.
The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or mea­sure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.
The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Alw ays read the associated infor ­mation very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.
The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.
Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.
To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instru­ments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that se­lected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.
To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to in­structions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is af­fected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.
Rev. 2/99
7016A 502GHz Multiplexer
MULTIPLEXERS PER CARD: 2 (with isolated ground). CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE: 50nominal. CHANNELS PER MULTIPLEXER: 4. CONTACT CONFIGURATION: 1 pole Form A common shield. RELAY DRIVE CURRENT: 120mA. CONNECTOR TYPE: SMA. RECOMMENDED CABLE: RG-223/U. TERMINATION: User supplied 50SMB termination (on unselected
inputs).
ACTUATION TIME: 8ms. MAXIMUM VOLTAGE: Any terminal (center or shield) to any other
center or chassis: 30V.
MAXIMUM CARRY CURRENT: 0.5A. MAXIMUM CARRY POWER: 10VA up to 900MHz, 3VA @ 2GHz. ISOLATION:
Multiplexer to Multiplexer: >1GΩ. Center to Shield: >1G, <50pF. Channel to Channel: >100MΩ.
RISE TIME: <200ps. SIGNAL DELAY: <3ns; channels matched to 50ps. CONTACT POTENTIAL: <6µV. CONTACT RESISTANCE: 0.5Ω.
5
CONTACT LIFE: 3×10
@ 30V @ 10mA.
5
@ 900MHz, 1W.
3×10
6
@ cold switching.
1×10
ENVIRONMENT: Operating: 0° to 50°C; up to 35°C at 80% RH.
Storage: –25°C to 65°C. EMC: Conforms with European Union Directive 89/336/EEC. SAFETY: Conforms with European Union Directive 73/23/EEC.
AC PERFORMANCE:
For ZL= Z
= 50 MHz MHz MHz GHz GHz
S
10 100 500 1 2
Insertion Loss (dB): <0.3 <0.6 <1.0 <1.3 <3.0 Crosstalk (dB):
Channel-Channel <–90 <–80 <–65 <–55 <–45
1
Switch-Switch <–90 <–80 <–70 <–65 <–45
VSWR <1.06 <1.1 <1.2 <1.6 1.9
1
Specification assumes 50termination.
LOG MAGNITUDE 0.500 dB/DIVREF= 0.000dB
0.0dB
–1.5dB
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0
SWR 150.000 mU/DIVREF= 1.000U
1.75:1
1.00:1
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0
7016A Channel-to-Channel Crosstalk, Typical
LOG MAGNITUDE 10.000 dB/DIVREF= -20.000dB
–20dB
–60dB
7016A Insertion Loss, Typical
GHz
7016A VSWR, Typical
GHz
SMA
Connector
SMB
Connector
Ch. 1
Ch. 2
Out
Ch. 3
Ch. 4
Ch. 5
Ch. 6
Out
Ch. 7
Ch. 8
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 GHz
TYPICAL: Typical but not warranted parameter, intended to provide use­ful information for switch application.

Table of Contents

1 General Information
1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................................1-1
1.2 Features ............................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.3 Warranty information ..........................................................................................................................................1-1
1.4 Manual addenda ..................................................................................................................................................1-1
1.5 Safety symbols and terms ...................................................................................................................................1-1
1.6 Specifications ...................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.7 Unpacking and inspection ...................................................................................................................................1-2
1.7.1 Inspection for damage................................................................................................................................1-2
1.7.2 Handling precautions .................................................................................................................................1-2
1.7.3 Shipment contents......................................................................................................................................1-2
1.8 Instruction manual................................................................................................................................................1-2
1.9 Repacking for shipment .......................................................................................................................................1-2
1.10 Recommended accessories...................................................................................................................................1-2
1.10.1 Connecting cables ......................................................................................................................................1-2
1.10.2 Terminating resistors..................................................................................................................................1-2
2 Connections and Installation
2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Handling precautions ...........................................................................................................................................2-1
2.3 Connections..........................................................................................................................................................2-1
2.3.1 Simplified schematic..................................................................................................................................2-1
2.3.2 Card configuration .....................................................................................................................................2-1
2.3.3 Input/output connecting cables ..................................................................................................................2-3
2.3.4 Typical connecting scheme........................................................................................................................2-3
2.3.5 Input termination........................................................................................................................................2-4
2.4 Card installation and removal ..............................................................................................................................2-4
2.4.1 Card installation.........................................................................................................................................2-5
2.4.2 Card removal..............................................................................................................................................2-5
3 Operation
3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Signal limitations .................................................................................................................................................3-1
3.3 Front panel control...............................................................................................................................................3-1
3.3.1 Closing and opening channels....................................................................................................................3-1
3.3.2 Scanning channels......................................................................................................................................3-2
3.4 IEEE-488 bus control...........................................................................................................................................3-2
3.4.1 Closing and opening channels....................................................................................................................3-2
3.4.2 Scanning channels......................................................................................................................................3-2
i
3.5 Switching considerations..................................................................................................................................... 3-2
3.5.1 Card characteristics.................................................................................................................................... 3-2
3.5.2 Cable characteristics.................................................................................................................................. 3-3
3.6 Applications......................................................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.6.1 Multiplexer expansion............................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.6.2 Filter testing............................................................................................................................................... 3-4
3.6.3 Impedance testing...................................................................................................................................... 3-6
4 Service Information
4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Handling and cleaning precautions...................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2.1 Handling precautions................................................................................................................................. 4-1
4.2.2 Soldering considerations............................................................................................................................ 4-1
4.3 Performance verification ..................................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.3.1 Environmental conditions.......................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.3.2 Recommended verification equipment...................................................................................................... 4-2
4.3.3 Insertion loss tests...................................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.3.4 Isolation tests............................................................................................................................................. 4-3
4.3.5 Special handling of static-sensitive devices .............................................................................................. 4-7
4.4 Principles of operation......................................................................................................................................... 4-7
4.4.1 Block diagram............................................................................................................................................ 4-7
4.4.2 Relay control.............................................................................................................................................. 4-8
4.4.3 Switching circuits ......................................................................................................................................4-8
4.4.4 Card configuration memory....................................................................................................................... 4-8
4.5 Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................................... 4-8
4.5.1 Troubleshooting equipment....................................................................................................................... 4-8
4.5.2 Troubleshooting procedure........................................................................................................................ 4-8
5 Replaceable Parts
5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 Parts list ............................................................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.3 Ordering information........................................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.4 Factory service..................................................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.5 Component layout and schematic diagram.......................................................................................................... 5-1
ii

List of Illustrations

2 Connections and Installation
Figure 2-1 Model 7016A simplified schematic.............................................................................................................2-2
Figure 2-2 Model 7016A configuration.........................................................................................................................2-2
Figure 2-3 Typical connection scheme..........................................................................................................................2-3
Figure 2-4 50 Ω terminator installation..........................................................................................................................2-4
Figure 2-5 Card installation in Model 7001...................................................................................................................2-5
Figure 2-6 Card installation in Model 7002...................................................................................................................2-6
3 Operation
Figure 3-1 “T” connector multiplexer expansion..........................................................................................................3-4
Figure 3-2 4 × 4 matrix connections..............................................................................................................................3-5
Figure 3-3 Filter testing .................................................................................................................................................3-6
Figure 3-4 Impedance testing ........................................................................................................................................3-7
4 Service Information
Figure 4-1 Connections for insertion loss tests..............................................................................................................4-3
Figure 4-2 Connections for channel isolation tests........................................................................................................4-4
Figure 4-3 Connections for center-to-shield isolation tests...........................................................................................4-5
Figure 4-4 Connections for multiplexer-to-multiplexer isolation tests..........................................................................4-6
Figure 4-5 Block diagram..............................................................................................................................................4-7
iii

List of Tables

4 Service Information
Table 4-1 Recommended verification equipment ........................................................................................................4-2
Table 4-2 Insertion loss values.....................................................................................................................................4-2
Table 4-3 Recommended troubleshooting equipment..................................................................................................4-8
Table 4-4 Troubleshooting procedure ..........................................................................................................................4-8
5 Replaceable Parts
Table 5-1 Model 7016A parts list.................................................................................................................................5-2
v
1

General Information

1.1 Introduction

This section contains general information about the Model 701A6 50 Ω 2GHz Multiplexer Card. The Model 7016A is equipped with two four-channel multiplexers and is designed for 50 Ω operation. Provisions for user-supplied 50 Ω termi­nators are provided on the card.

1.2 Features

Key Model 7016A features include:
• T w o independent multiplex ers each with four channels.
•50 Ω characteristic impedance.
• Provisions for user-supplied SMB terminators to main­tain nominal 50 Ω characteristic impedance for off channels.
• 2GHz bandwidth.
• Low insertion loss (<3dB @ 2GHz).
• Low VSWR assures good high-frequency performance.

1.4 Manual addenda

Any improvements or changes concerning the card or manu­al will be explained in an addendum included with the card.

1.5 Safety symbols and terms

The following symbols and terms may be found on an instru­ment or used in this manual.
!
The symbol on equipment indicates that you should re­fer to the operating instructions located in the instruction manual.
The WARNING heading used in this manual explains dan­gers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before per­forming the indicated procedure.
The CAUTION heading used in this manual explains haz­ards that could damage the multiplexer card. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

1.3 Warranty information

Warranty information is located on the inside front cover of this instruction manual. Should your Model 7016A re­quire warranty service, contact the Keithley representati ve or authorized repair facility in your area for further infor­mation. When returning the card for repair, be sure to fill out and include the service form at the back of this manual in order to provide the repair facility with the necessary in­formation.
1.6 Specifications
Model 7016A specifications are located at the front of this manual.
1-1
General Information

1.7 Unpacking and inspection

1.7.1 Inspection for damage
The Model 7016A is packaged in a re-sealable, anti-static bag to protect it from damage due to static discharge and from contamination that could degrade its performance. Be­fore removing the card from the bag, observe the precautions on handling discussed below.
1.7.2 Handling precautions
• Always grasp the card by the side edges and covers. Do not touch the board surfaces or components.
• After removing the card from its anti-static bag, inspect it for any obvious signs of physical damage. Report any such damage to the shipping agent immediately.
• When the card is not installed in a switching main­frame, keep the card in its anti-static bag, and store it in the original packing carton.
1.7.3 Shipment contents

1.9 Repacking for shipment

Should it become necessary to return the Model 7016A for repair, carefully pack the unit in its original packing carton or the equivalent, and include the following information:
• Advise as to the warranty status of the card.
• Write ATTENTION REPAIR DEPARTMENT on the shipping label.
• Fill out and include the service form located at the back of this manual.

1.10 Recommended accessories

Recommended cables and terminating resistors are covered below. These items are not stocked by Keithley and must be obtained from other sources.
1.10.1 Connecting cables
The following cable type is recommended for making input/ output connections to the Model 7016A: RG223/U.
The following items are included with every Model 7016A order:
• Model 7016A 50 Ω 2GHz Multiplexer Card
• Model 7016A Instruction Manual
• Additional accessories as ordered

1.8 Instruction manual

If an additional Model 7016A Instruction Manual is re­quired, order the manual package, Keithley part number 7016A-901-00. The manual package includes an instruction manual and any pertinent addenda.
Other 50 Ω cables may be used, but keep in mind key param­eters as such as maximum outside diameter, attenuation ov er the desired frequency range, flexibility, and shield type. See paragraph 3.5 in Section 3 for more information on cable pa­rameters.
1.10.2 Terminating resistors
The following terminating resistor is recommended for use with the Model 7016A:
Type: Plug Dummy Load Manufacturer: Johnson Components Part number: 131-3801-811 Nominal resistance: 50 Ω Power dissipation: 2W
1-2
2

Connections and Installation

2.1 Introduction

WARNING
The procedures in this section are in­tended only for qualified service person­nel. Do not perform these procedures unless you are qualified to do so. Failure to recognize and observe normal safety precautions could result in personal in­jury or death.
This section includes information on making connections to the Model 7016A and installing the card in the Model 7001/ 7002 Switch System.

2.2 Handling precautions

To maintain high-impedance isolation between channels, care should be taken when handling the card to avoid con­tamination from such foreign materials as body oils. Such contamination can reduce isolation resistance. To avoid pos­sible contamination, always grasp the card by the side edges or covers. Do not touch board surfaces, components, or con­nector insulators.
Dirt build-up over a period of time is another possible source of contamination. To avoid this problem, operate the card in a clean environment. If the card becomes contaminated, it should be thoroughly cleaned as explained in paragraph 4.2.

2.3 Connections

This paragraph provides the information necessary to con­nect your external test circuitry to the Model 7016A.
2.3.1 Simplified schematic
Figure 2-1 shows a simplified schematic diagram of the Model 7016A. The card is arranged into two separate multi­plexers, each with four channels.
2.3.2 Card configuration
Figure 2-2 shows the general configuration of the Model 7016A. Connectors include:
IN 1-8 (channels 1-8): Each input is equipped with an SMA
coaxial connector. The center conductor is the signal path, while the outer shell connected to signal common.
OUT A and OUT B: Each multiplexer is equipped with an
SMA coaxial connector. The center conductor is the signal path, and the shell is connected to signal common.
Termination jacks: Each channel has an SMB coaxial ter-
minator jack. User-supplied 50 Ω terminators can be con­nected to these jacks when a 50 Ω nominal input impedance must be maintained for off channels.
2-1
Connections and Installation
SMA
Connector
SMB
Connector
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
Ch. 1
Ch. 2
Out A Multiplexer A
Ch. 3
Ch. 4
A
Ch. 5
Ch. 6
Out B Multiplexer B
Ch. 7
Figure 2-1
Model 7016A simplified schematic
Figure 2-2
Model 7016A configuration
Multiplexer B
SMB Terminator
Connectors
7
5
Multiplexer B
SMA Input/Output
8
6
Connectors
Ch. 8
B
B
Multiplexer A
SMB Terminator
Connectors
3
1
2
4
Multiplexer A
SMA Input/Output
Connectors
2-2
Figure 2-3
Typical connection scheme
50 Ω
Connections and Installation
2.3.3 Input/output connecting cables
All connections to the scanner card input and output jacks should be made using 50 Ω coaxial cable equipped with SMA connectors. The recommended cable type is RG223/U.
WARNING Make sure that power is off and external energy sources are discharged before con­necting or disconnecting cables.
NOTE
cables must be used to assure good high­frequency performance. RG223/U should be used for best performance. See paragraph 3.5 in Section 3 for more information.
A
2.3.4 Typical connecting scheme
Figure 2-3 shows a typical connecting scheme for the Model 7016A. In this arrangement, sources are connected to the inputs while the measuring instrument is connected to the outputs.
CAUTION
Maximum voltage from any terminal (cen­ter conductor or shield) to any other termi­nal or chassis is 30V RMS. Exceeding this value may result in card damage.
AC
Signals
Ch. 1
Ch. 2
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
Out A
Ch. 3
Ch. 4
A
Note: All cables are 50
Ch. 5
Ch. 6
Out B
Ch. 7
Ch. 8
B
Measuring Instrument
2-3
Connections and Installation
2.3.5 Input termination
User-supplied 50 Ω female SMB terminators may be in­stalled for applications requiring proper 50 Ω termination of off channels. Figure 2-4 shows typical installation of a 50 Ω terminator. See paragraph 1.10 in Section 1 for recommend­ed terminators. Switching considerations in Section 3 dis­cusses terminator aspects in more detail.
NOTE
Be sure to observe the maximum power handling capability of installed termina­tors. The terminators recommended in Section 1 are limited to 2W even through the Model 7016A can switch up to 10W.

2.4 Card installation and removal

This paragraph explains how to install and remov e the Model 7016A card assembly from the Model 7001/7002 main­frame.
WARNING
Installation or removal of the Model 7016A should be performed only by qualified service personnel. Failure to recognize and observe standard safety precautions could result in personal in­jury or death.
NOTE
To prevent performance degradation caused by contamination, handle the card only by the edges and covers.
Terminator
Figure 2-4
50Ω terminator installation
2-4
Jack
Figure 2-5
Card installation in Model 7001
Connections and Installation
2.4.1 Card installation
Perform the following steps, and refer to Figure 2-5 or Figure 2-6 to install the card assembly in the Model 7001/7002 mainframe.
WARNING
Turn off power to all instrumentation (including the Model 7001/7002), and disconnect all line cords. Make sure all power is removed and any stored energy in external circuitry is discharged.
1. Open the ejector arms at the back edge of the card.
2. Slide the card edges into the guide rails inside the main­frame.
3. Carefully push the card all the way forward until the ejector arms engage the mounting cups.
4. Push in on the card edge and ejector arms until the card is properly seated.
5. Make sure the ejector arms are properly latched.
2.4.2 Card removal
Follow the steps below to remove the multiplexer card from the mainframe:
WARNING
Turn off power to all instrumentation (including the Model 7001/7002), and disconnect all line cords. Make sure all power is removed and any stored energy in external circuitry is discharged.
1. Pull out on the ejector arms until the card pulls free from the internal connector.
2. Carefully slide the card out of the switching mainframe.
Ejector Arms (2)
Unlock card
Lock card
2-5
Connections and Installation
Ejector Arms
(locked position)
INTERCONNECTION, INSTALLATION AND REMOVAL OF CARDS BY QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL ONLY.
WARNING:
CARD
1
CARD
2
CARD
3
NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICEABLE PARTS, SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
WARNING:
CARD
4
Figure 2-6
Card installation in Model 7002
2-6
3

Operation

3.1 Introduction

This section contains basic information on using the Model 7016A including signal limitations and switching consider­ations. For detailed mainframe operating information, refer to the Model 7001 or Model 7002 Instruction Manual.

3.2 Signal limitations

CAUTION
To prevent damage to the Model 7016A, do not exceed the maximum signal level specifications of the card.
To prevent over-heating or damage to the relays, never ex­ceed the following maximum signal levels when using the Model 7016A:
• Maximum voltage: Any center conductor or shield to any other center conductor or to chassis: 30V.
• Maximum current: 0.5A per channel.
• Maximum power: 10VA switched up to 900MHz, 3VA @ 2GHz.

3.3 Front panel control

3.3.1 Closing and opening channels
Model 7016A installed in slot 2, key in the following channel list, and press CLOSE:
SELECT CHANNELS 2!4
To open a closed channel, simply press OPEN or OPEN ALL.
Channels are organized into two multiplexer banks as fol­lows:
Multiplexer A: channels 1 to 4 Multiplexer B: channels 5 to 8
You can also simultaneously close one channel in each mul­tiplexer by including both channels in the channel list. For example, to close channels 1 and 5 of a card in slot 1, enter the following channel list at the prompt:
SELECT CHANNELS 1!1, 1!5
(Note that channels are separated by a comma, which can be inserted by pressing either the ENTER or right cursor key.)
NOTE
T o maintain 50 Ω characteristic impedance, close only one channel per multiplexer si­multaneously. Closing more than one channel per multiplexer may cause unex­pected results. Program the Model 7001/ 7002 for restricted operation to avoid clos­ing more than one channel at a time.
To close a Model 7016A multiplexer channel, simply key in the CHANNEL assignment (1-8), then press the Model 7001/7002 CLOSE key . F or e xample, to close channel 4 of a
Again, you can open closed channels with the OPEN or OPEN ALL key. (OPEN opens only channels in the channel list while OPEN ALL opens all channels.)
3-1
Operation
3.3.2 Scanning channels
T o scan through channels, first configure a scan list, then pro­gram the Model 7001/7002 to perform a scan sequence. You can create a scan list in the same manner as you would a channel list. First, however, press the SCAN LIST key to se­lect the “SCAN CHANNEL” mode, then enter the desired channels to be included in the scan list. For example, the fol­lowing list scans channels 1, 3, and 5 through 8 of a Model 7016A installed in slot 2:
SCAN CHANNELS 2!1, 2!3, 2!5-2!8
Note that channels are scanned in the order they appear in the scan list.
To perform a manual scan, first select the RESET default conditions in the SAVESETUP menu of the main MENU. Press STEP to take the mainframe out of the idle state, then manually scan through channels by pressing the STEP key.
For information on more complex scan sequences, refer to the Model 7001 or 7002 Instruction Manual.

3.4 IEEE-488 bus control

3.4.1 Closing and opening channels
Use the following SCPI commands to close and open chan­nels:
:CLOS <list> :OPEN <list> | ALL
For example, the following command will close channels 2 and 6 of a Model 7016A installed in slot 1:
:CLOS (@ 1!2, 1!6) Conversely, either of the commands below will open previ-
ously closed channels 2 and 6: :OPEN (@ 1!2, 1!6)
:OPEN ALL
The *RST command selects the default scan configuration, while the second command automatically sets the channel count to the number of channels in the scan list. The :ROUT:SCAN command programs the scan list, and the :INIT command takes the mainframe out of the idle state.
For example, send the following commands to scan through all eight channels of a Model 7016A installed in slot 1:
*RST :TRIG:SEQ:COUN:AUT ON :ROUT:SCAN (@ 1!1:1!8) :INIT

3.5 Switching considerations

Signals passing through the Model 7016A 50 Ω 2GHz Mul­tiplexer Card are subject to various ef fects that can influence their characteristics. The following paragraphs discuss some of these effects and ways to minimize them.
3.5.1 Card characteristics
Insertion loss: Insertion loss indicates signal power lost
while passing through the card. This loss occurs in the vari­ous signal path components through the card (connectors, PC board traces, and relays). The amount of power lost will, of course, depend on the particular insertion loss specifica­tion as well as the applied power . For example, with an inser ­tion loss of 1dB, and a 10W source signal applied to the card, about 2W will be dissipated in the card, and approximately 8W will appear at the load. Note that, as with most transmis­sion lines, Model 7016A insertion loss values increase with increasing frequency.
Capacitance: Model 7016A capacitance values are suffi-
ciently small to be of little concern in most applications. In some applications (primarily with pulse signals where ca­pacitance can affect rise times), capacitance may be a factor. Typical Model 7016A center-to-shield capacitance is 50pF.
3.4.2 Scanning channels
There are a number of commands associated with scanning. However, you can perform a simple scan using only the fol­lowing four commands:
*RST :TRIG:SEQ:COUN:AUT ON :ROUT:SCAN <list> :INIT
3-2
Crosstalk: Crosstalk figures indicate the amount of signal
leakage between channels or switches on the card. W ith sim­ilar power levels applied to the various channels, crosstalk will be of little consequence. With widely different power levels, however, crosstalk may produced undesired results. For example, assume that 10W is applied to channel 1, and 1mW is applied to channel 2. Assuming a -55dB crosstalk figure, the unwanted signal coupled from channel 1 to chan­nel 2 will be only 15dB below the desired channel 2 signal.
):
Operation
VSWR: The term VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is
defined as the ratio of the maximum and minimum voltages along a transmission path, and it indicates the degree of im­pedance mismatch. In a perfectly match system, the VSWR is 1, while open and shorted paths have infinite VSWR val­ues. Since VSWR is related to both the return loss and reflec­tion coefficient, VSWR figures indicate the degree of signal loss and reflection; the lower the VSWR figure, the less sig­nal attenuation that occurs along the transmission path.
Path isolation resistance: The path isolation resistance is
simply the equivalent resistance between two gi v en connect­ing points on the card and is of importance primarily for DC and low-frequency AC signals switched by the card. The ef­fects of this characteristic depend on the particular isolation specification. Center-to-shield isolation resistance, for ex­ample, may cause loading problems with signals having high source resistance. Channel-to-channel isolation resistance may result in leakage currents generated in one channel caused by a voltage source connected to another channel.
3.5.2 Cable characteristics
Characteristic impedance (Z
is the value of cable impedance obtained by an RF measure­ment at either end. For example, a cable with a 50 Ω charac­teristic impedance is equivalent to a 50 Ω resistor with sufficient length to connect two components. (The character­istic impedance of a cable depends on the relative diameters of the inner and outer conductors, as well as on the dielectric constant of the insulating material.) Since the Model 7016A is designed to work with 50 Ω cables, you must use 50 Ω ca­bles to assure proper impedance matching. (RG223/U cable is recommended.) Mismatching anywhere along the trans­mission path will increase VSWR and signal reflections, de­crease return loss, and consequently result in signal attenuation.
Characteristic impedance
O
power transfer. For example, if a 50 Ω cable is terminated with 100 Ω , the reflection coefficient is 0.33, the VSWR in­creases to 2, and the return loss is reduced to less than 10dB.
Proper termination of off channels may also be important in many cases. For example, a 75MHz source signal will see a 1m open cable as an RF short, a situation that could damage some equipment. To alleviate such problems, the Model 7016A has provisions for on-card installation of 50 Ω SMB terminators. (See paragraph 2.3.5 in Section 2 for details on in­stalling terminators.) Be sure to observe the power-handling capabilities of such terminators as most are limited to substan­tially less power than the 10W capability of the Model 7016A.
Distributed capacitance: The distributed capacitance of the
cable may be a factor, but generally only for pulse type sig­nals where rise times are a consideration. The recommended RG223/U cable, for example, has a nominal distributed ca­pacitance of 30.8pF/ft.
Cable connectors: Cable connectors are an obvious necessi-
ty to conveniently make signal connections to various points in a switching system. While connector designs are opti­mized for best performance, some small impedance mis­match at connecting points is virtually inevitable. For that reason, it is considered good practice to minimize the num­ber of connectors used in a transmission path, especially at higher frequencies.

3.6 Applications

The Model 7016A is designed primarily for RF switching applications at frequencies up to 2GHz. The following para­graphs discuss typical RF applications for the Model 7016A, including multiplexer expansion, filter testing, and device impedance testing.
Cable attenuation: Cable attenuation is analogous to inser-
tion loss of the card itself in that it defines the degree of at­tenuation of the signal as it passes through the cable. Cable attenuation factors are generally given in dB per 100 ft. and increase with rising frequency . The recommended RG223/U cable has attenuation factors of 8.8dB/100 ft. @ 400MHz and 16.5dB/100 ft. @ 1GHz. Thus, with a 10W, 1GHz signal applied to 10 ft. of RG223/U, 3.16W will be dissipated in the cable, and 6.84W will be passed on to the card or load.
Cable termination: Proper cable termination is imperative
to ensure maximum signal transfer and to minimize VSWR and signal reflections. In the case of Model 7016A operation, both source and load impedances should be as close to 50 Ω as possible to assure optimum matching and thus maximum
3.6.1 Multiplexer expansion
The simplest way to connect the two Model 7016A multi­plexers together for expansion is to use the classic "T" con­figuration shown in Figure 3-1. Note that this configuration results in a 1-of-8 multiplexer . Although this configuration is useful in many applications, the ideal 50 Ω characteristic im­pedance will not be maintained. Consequently, VSWR will increase, affecting card insertion loss, particularly at higher frequencies. Also, considerable transmission path reflections will occur, an important consideration when switching pulse signals.
3-3
Operation
Multiplexer
A
Multiplexer
B
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
A
Ch. 1
Ch. 2
Out A
Ch. 3
Ch. 4
"T"
Connector
Ch. 5
Ch. 6
Out B
Ch. 7
Instrument
Note: This configuration will not maintain 50 characteristic impedance.
Figure 3-1
“T” connector multiplexer expansion
B
Model 7016A
Ch. 8
B
3-4
A
A
Ch. 1
Ch. 2
A
A
Ch. 3
Ch. 4
A
Out A
B
B
Ch. 5
Ch. 6
B
B
Ch. 7
Ch. 8
B
Out B
Short 50
Coax Cable
Multiplexer
A
Multiplexer
B
Instrument Connections
Model 7016A
DUT Connections
A. Connections
Power
Meter
Spectrum
Analyzer
Counter
Network
Analyzer
1
2
3
4
B. 4 x 4 Matrix Configuration
DUTs
Figure 3-2
4 × 4 matrix connections
Operation
The proper way to connect the two Model 7016A multiplex­ers together is shown in Figure 3-2. Here, the two outputs are connected together using a short coaxial cable. Note that this connection scheme effectively forms a 4 × 4 matrix, and it
provides a conv enient way to connect four DUTs to four dif­ferent test instruments. Also, this method maintains the prop­er 50 Ω characteristic impedance for optimum bandwidth and minimal signal loss and reflections.
3-5
Operation
3.6.2 Filter testing
Filter frequency response and phase characteristics are key circuit parameters that often require testing. The Model 7016A may be used in conjunction with a network analyzer to test multiple filters on an automated basis.
Figure 3-3 shows a typical circuit configuration for testing four filters. Note that the network analyzer input is connected to the output of one Model 7016A multiplexers. One termi­nal of each DUT is connected to a corresponding Model 7016A channel, while the remaining DUT terminals are con­nected in common to the network analyzer output port.
The basic configuration shown in Figure 3-3 may also be used for a variety of other tests. For example, the same gen­eral scheme may be used to test amplifier S-parameters.
3.6.3 Impedance testing
Figure 3-4 shows the general circuit configuration for device impedance testing using the Model 7016A along with an im­pedance or LCZ meter, such as a Keithle y Model 3321, 3322, or 3330. Since 4-wire connections are required for such mea­surements, two Model 7016A cards are necessary for this ap­plication. Each multiplexer switches one of the four required signal paths to the DUTs.
Since the characteristics of the Model 7016A may affect measured DUT impedance, steps should be taken to null out the residual affects of stray capacitance and inductance. Most LCZ meters have provisions for both open and short zeroing procedures to minimize these effects. For optimum accuracy, the zeroing procedure should be carried out inde­pendently for each channel.
Figure 3-3
Filter testing
Network Analyzer
IN (PORT 1) OUT (PORT 2)
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
Model 7016A
Ch. 1
Filter 1
Ch. 2
Filter 2
Out A
Ch. 3
Filter 3
Ch. 4
A
Ch. 5
Ch. 6
Out B
Ch. 7
Ch. 8
B
Filter 4
3-6
Model 7016A
#1
Operation
A
Ch. 1
Ch. 2
A
Out A
A
Ch. 3
Ch. 4
A
A
B
Ch. 5
Ch. 6
B
Out B
B
Ch. 7
Ch. 8
B
B
DUT
(1 of 4)
LCZ Meter
Figure 3-4
Impedance testing
Model 7016A
#2
L
L
CUR
A
Ch. 1
POTHPOTHCUR
Ch. 2
A
Out A
A
Ch. 3
Ch. 4
A
A
B
Ch. 5
Ch. 6
B
Out B
B
Ch. 7
Ch. 8
B
B
3-7
4

Service Information

4.1 Introduction

This section contains information necessary to service the Model 7016A and includes information on handling and cleaning, performance verification, as well as principles of operation and troubleshooting.
WARNING
The information in this section is in­tended only for qualified service person­nel. Some of the procedures may expose you to hazardous voltages that could re­sult in personal injury or death. Do not perform these procedures unless you are qualified to do so.

4.2 Handling and cleaning precautions

Because of the high-impedance areas on the Model 7016A, care should be taken when handling or servicing the card to prevent possible contamination. The following precautions should be observed when servicing the card.
• Do not touch areas adjacent to electrical contacts.
• When servicing the card, wear clean cotton gloves.
• Do not store or operate the card in an environment where dust could settle on the circuit board.
• Use dry nitrogen gas to clean dust off the board if nec­essary.
4.2.2 Soldering considerations
Should it become necessary to use solder on the circuit board, observe the following precautions:
• Use an OA-based (organic acti v ated) flux, and take care not to spread the flux to other areas of the circuit board.
• Remove the flux from the work areas when the repair has been completed. Use pure water along with clean cotton swabs or a clean soft brush to remove the flux.
• Once the flux has been removed, swab only the repaired area with methanol, then blow dry the board with dry nitrogen gas.
• After cleaning, allow the card to dry in a 50°C low-hu­midity environment for several hours before use.
4.2.1 Handling precautions
Observe the following precautions when handling the multi­plexer card:
• Handle the card only by the edges and shields.
• Do not touch connector insulators.
• Do not touch any board surfaces or components not as­sociated with the repair.
4.3 Performance verification
The following paragraphs provide performance verification procedures for the Model 7016A. These tests include inser­tion loss and isolation tests.
4-1
Service Information
4.3.1 Environmental conditions
All performance verification measurements should be made at an ambient temperature of 18°C to 28°C and <70% rela­tive humidity.
4.3.2 Recommended verification equipment
Table 4-1 summarizes the test equipment recommended for performance verification. Alternate equipment may be used as long as the corresponding specifications are at least as good as those listed.
4.3.3 Insertion loss tests
Insertion loss tests are performed by applying a 10MHz­2GHz signal from a network analyzer to the Model 7016A channel inputs and then measuring the amount of attenuation as the signal passes through the card.
Proceed as follows:
1. Set the network analyzer to sweep the 10MHz to 2GHz frequency range.
2. Normalize the analyzer reference channel to 0dB on the display.
3. Connect the network analyzer to the Model 7016A as shown in Figure 4-1. Be sure to use 50 Ω cables and set­up for all insertion loss tests.
4. Install the Model 7016A in the Model 7001 or 7002 mainframe.
5. Close channel 1 on the Model 7016A card.
6. Verify that the insertion loss values are within the limits shown in Table 4-2.
7. Open the closed channel.
8. Repeat steps 3 through 7 for channels 2 through 8. For each channel:
• Connect the analyzer signal to the input jack of the
channel being tested.
• Be sure the signal output cable is connected to the
correct output jack.
• Close the channel being tested.
• Verify that the insertion loss values at the various fre-
quencies are within the limits stated in Table 4-2.
Table 4-2
Insertion loss values
Frequency Insertion loss
10MHz 100MHz 500MHz 1GHz 2GHz
<0.3dB <0.6dB <1dB <1.3dB <3dB
4-2
Table 4-1
Recommended verification equipment
Description Manufacturer and Model Specifications Test
Network Analyzer Hewlett-Packard 8714ET 10MHz-2GHz Insertion loss Electrometer Keithley 6517A 100M, ±0.151%
1G, ±0.226%
Isolation
Service Information
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
Channel 1 Connections Shown
Ch. 1
Ch. 2
Out A
Ch. 3
Ch. 4
Ch. 5
Ch. 6
Out B
Network Analyzer
OUTPUT INPUT
50 Cables
B
B
Ch. 7
Ch. 8
B
Figure 4-1
Connections for insertion loss tests
4.3.4 Isolation tests
These tests check the leakage resistance (isolation) between various Model 7016A terminals using the ohms function of a Model 6517A Electrometer.
CAUTION
The following tests use the Model 6517A voltage source to measure resistance. Do not apply more than 30V to the Model 7016A to avoid card damage.
Channel isolation tests
Perform the following steps to check channel isolation:
1. Connect the Model 6517A Electrometer to the center conductors of channels 1 and 2, as shown in Figure 4-2.
2. With the power off, install the Model 7016A card in the mainframe.
3. Turn on the mainframe and the Model 6517A power, and allow the electrometer to warm up for at least one hour before making measurements. Make sure the volt­age source is turned off.
4. Select the Model 6517A ohms function, choose the 200M Ω range, and make certain zero check is disabled.
5. Close channel 1 on the Model 7016A.
4-3
Service Information
WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.
CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.
6. Program the Model 6517A voltage source for 30V, and make sure the internal voltage source connection mode is selected.
7. Turn on the Model 6517A voltage source, and allow the reading to settle.
8. Verify that the Model 6517A resistance reading is >100M Ω .
9. Turn off the voltage source, and open channel 1.
A
A
A
A
B
Ch. 1
Ch. 2
Out A
Ch. 3
Ch. 4
A
Ch. 5
10. Repeat the procedure for channels 2 through 4, measur­ing the resistance between the center conductor of each channel and the center conductors of all other channels of multiplexer A. For each test:
• Connect the electrometer to the center conductors of
the two channels being tested.
• Close only one of the channels being tested.
11. Repeat the entire procedure to test channel isolation be­tween all multiplexer B channels (channels 5-8).
SMA-to-BNC to triax adapter
Triax Cable
Connect voltage source low to card signal low
Voltage Source High
1010V PEAK
Input
V SOURCE
EXT TRIGINMTR COMP
OUT
RS232
!
INTERLOCK
DIGITAL
I/O
HI
SELECTED
LINE VOLTAGE
90-110V 105-125V
TRIG LINK
180-220V 210-250V
115V
LINE RATING
50-60HZ 50VA MAX AC ONLY
(CHANGE IEEE ADDRESS
WITH FRONT PANEL MENU)
PREAMP OUT
!
250V PEAK
COMMON 2V ANALOG
250 PEAK
INPUT
TEMP
TYPE K
OPTION SLOT
OUTPUT
HUMIDITY
LO
750V PEAK
Model 6517A Electrometer
Note: Configure electrometer for internal voltage source connection.
IEEE-488
LINE FUSE
SLOWBLOW
1/2A 90-125V
1/4A 180-250V
MADE
IN
U.S.A.
Model 7016A
Figure 4-2
Connections for channel isolation tests
4-4
Ch. 6
B
Out B
B
Ch. 7
Ch. 8
B
B
A
A
Ch. 1
Ch. 2
A
A
Ch. 3
Ch. 4
A
Out A
B
B
Ch. 5
Ch. 6
B
B
Ch. 7
Ch. 8
B
Out B
Input
Voltage Source High
Triax Cable
WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.
CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.
INPUT
250V PEAK
!
LINE RATING
50-60HZ 50VA MAX AC ONLY
LINE FUSE
SLOWBLOW
1/2A 90-125V
1/4A 180-250V
IEEE-488
(CHANGE IEEE ADDRESS
WITH FRONT PANEL MENU)
DIGITAL
I/O
TRIG LINK
115V
LO
HI
RS232
!
MADE
IN
U.S.A.
PREAMP OUT
250 PEAK
COMMON 2V ANALOG
OUTPUT
TEMP
TYPE K
HUMIDITY
OPTION SLOT
V SOURCE
EXT TRIGINMTR COMP
OUT
INTERLOCK
SELECTED
LINE VOLTAGE
90-110V
105-125V
180-220V 210-250V
1010V PEAK
750V PEAK
Model 6517A Electrometer
Note: Configure electrometer for internal voltage source connection.
Model 7016A
Adapter (see Figure 4-2)
Figure 4-3
Connections for center-to-shield isolation tests
Service Information
Center-to-shield isolation
Perform the following steps to check center-to-shield isola­tion:
1. Connect the Model 6517A Electrometer to the center con­ductor and shield of channel 1, as shown in Figure 4-3.
2. With the power off, install the Model 7016A card in the mainframe.
3. Turn on the mainframe and the Model 6517A power, and allow the electrometer to warm up for at least one hour before making measurements. Make sure the volt­age source is turned off.
4. Select the Model 6517A ohms function, choose the 2G Ω range, and make certain zero check is disabled.
5. Close channel 1 on the Model 7016A.
6. Program the Model 6517A voltage source for 30V, and make sure the internal voltage source connection mode is selected.
7. Turn on the Model 6517A voltage source, and allow the reading to settle.
8. Verify that the Model 6517A resistance reading is >1G Ω .
9. Turn off the voltage source, and open channel 1.
10. Repeat the procedure for channels 2 through 8, measur­ing the resistance between the center conductor and shield of each channel. For each test:
• Connect the electrometer to the center conductor and
shield of the channel being tested.
• Close only the channel being tested.
4-5
Service Information
WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.
CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.
Multiplexer-to-multiplexer isolation
Perform the following steps to check multiplexer-to-multi­plexer isolation:
1. Connect the Model 6517A Electrometer to the center conductors of channels 1 and 5, as shown in Figure 4-4.
2. With the power off, install the Model 7016A card in the mainframe.
3. Turn on the mainframe and the Model 6517A power, and allow the electrometer to warm up for at least one hour before making measurements. Make sure the volt­age source is turned off.
A
A
A
A
B
Ch. 1
Ch. 2
Out A
Ch. 3
Ch. 4
A
Ch. 5
4. Select the Model 6517A ohms function, choose the 2G Ω range, and make certain zero check is disabled.
5. Close channels 1 and 5 on the Model 7016A.
6. Program the Model 6517A voltage source for 30V, and make sure the internal voltage source connection mode is selected.
7. Turn on the Model 6517A voltage source, and allow the reading to settle.
8. Verify that the Model 6517A resistance reading is >1G Ω .
9. Turn off the voltage source, and open channels 1 and 5.
Adapter (see Figure 4-2)
Triax Cable
Voltage Source High
1010V
PEAK
Input
PREAMP OUT
TYPE K
COMMON 2V ANALOG
250 PEAK
TEMP
OPTION SLOT
!
INPUT
250V PEAK
OUTPUT
HUMIDITY
LO
750V PEAK
Model 6517A Electrometer
HI
SELECTED
LINE VOLTAGE
90-110V
V SOURCE
EXT TRIGINMTR COMP
RS232
180-220V
105-125V
210-250V
LINE RATING
50-60HZ
115V
50VA MAX
DIGITAL
AC ONLY
IEEE-488
(CHANGE IEEE ADDRESS
WITH FRONT PANEL MENU)
TRIG LINK
I/O
OUT
!
INTERLOCK
Note: Configure electrometer for internal voltage source connection.
LINE FUSE
SLOWBLOW
1/2A 90-125V
1/4A 180-250V
MADE
IN
U.S.A.
B
B
B
B
Model 7016A
Figure 4-4
Connections for multiplexer-to-multiplexer isolation tests
4-6
Ch. 6
Out B
Ch. 7
Ch. 8
Figure 4-5
Block diagram
Service Information
4.3.5 Special handling of static-sensitive devices
CMOS and other high-impedance devices are subject to pos­sible static discharge damage because of the high-impedance levels involved. When handling such devices, observe the precautions listed below.
NOTE
To prevent damage, assume that all parts are static-sensitive.
1. Such devices should be transported and handled only in containers specially designed to prevent or dissipate static build-up. Typically, these devices will be received in anti-static containers made of plastic or foam. Keep these parts in their original containers until ready for in­stallation or use.
2. Remove the devices from their protective containers only at a properly grounded workstation. Also, ground yourself with an appropriate wrist strap while working with these devices.
3. Handle the devices only by the body; do not touch the pins or terminals.
4. Any printed circuit board into which the device is to be inserted must first be grounded to the bench or table.
5. Use only anti-static type de-soldering tools and ground­ed-tip soldering irons.

4.4 Principles of operation

The following paragraphs discuss the basic Model 7016A operating principles that can be used as an aid in trouble­shooting the card. The schematic diagram of the card is lo­cated at the end of Section 5.
4.4.1 Block diagram
Figure 4-5 shows a simplified block diagram of the Model 7016A. Key sections include the relay data control circuits, the relay driver IC, the relays, and the card configuration memory. These v arious elements are discussed in the follow­ing paragraphs.
From
Mainframe
To
Mainframe
Power Up/Down
Data
Clock
Strobe
Safeguard
Memory
U101
Relay
Driver
U102
+6V
Out A
MUX
A
K101-K107
Out B
MUX
B
K108-K114
1 2
Multiplexer A
3 4
5 6
Multiplexer B
Inputs
7
8
Inputs
4-7
Service Information
4.4.2 Relay control
Card relays are controlled by serial data transmitted from the host switching mainframe via the DATA line. Each control byte is shifted in serial fashion into latches located in the card relay driver IC (U102). The serial data is clocked in by the CLK (clock) line.
Once the relay control byte has been shifted into the card, the STR line is set high to latch the relay information into the Q outputs of the relay drivers, and the appropriate relays are en­ergized (assuming the driver outputs are enabled, as dis­cussed below). Note that a relay driver output goes low to energize the corresponding relay.
The output enable (OE) line of U102 is controlled by the power-up/power-down safeguard circuit located in the main­frame. This circuit assures that no card relays are inadvertent­ly energized when the mainframe power is turned on or of f.
4.4.3 Switching circuits
Signal switching is performed by relays K101 through K114. K104-K104 switch channels 1 through 4, while K108-K111 switch channels 5 through 8. K105-K107 provide additional switching to assure proper isolation for multiplexer 1, while K112-K114 provide a similar function for multiplexer 2.
4.4.4 Card configuration memory
Card configuration information is stored in U101. This infor­mation is serially read by the mainframe during power-up and allows the unit to determine the card model number and card relay configuration information.

4.5 Troubleshooting

4.5.1 Troubleshooting equipment
Table 4-3 summarizes recommended equipment for trouble­shooting the Model 7016A.
Table 4-3
Recommended troubleshooting equipment
Manufacturer
Description
Multimeter Oscilloscope
4.5.2 Troubleshooting procedure
T able 4-4 summarizes multiplexer card troubleshooting steps. Refer to the schematic diagram and component layout draw­ing at the end of Section 5 for component locations.
Use care when removing relays from the PC board to avoid pulling traces away from the circuit board. Before attempt­ing to remove a relay, use an appropri­ate de-soldering tool to clear each mounting hole completely free of solder. Each relay pin must be free to move in its mounting hole before removal. Also, make certain that no burrs are present on the ends of the relay pins.
and Model Application
Keithley TEK 2243
CAUTION
DCV checks View logic waveforms
Table 4-4
Troubleshooting procedure
Step Item/component Required condition Comments
1
Digital ground P2001, pins 15 and 16
2
P2001, pin 1
3
P2001, pin 14
4
U102, pin 2
5
U102, pin 3
6
U102, pin 7
7
U102, pins 11-18
4-8
+6VDC +5VDC CLK pulses DATA pulses STR pulse Low with relay energized, high with relay de-energized.
All voltages referenced to digital ground.
Card 6V relay supply voltage. Card 5V logic supply voltage. During relay update sequence only. During relay update sequence only. End of relay update sequence. Relay driver outputs.
5

Replaceable Parts

5.1 Introduction

This section contains replacement parts information, sche­matic diagrams, and component layout drawings for the Model 7016A.

5.2 Parts list

The parts list for the multiplexer card is included in tables in­tegrated with the schematic diagram and component layout drawing. Parts are listed alphabetically in order of circuit designation.

5.3 Ordering information

To place an order, or to obtain information concerning re­placement parts, contact your Keithley representative or the factory (see the inside front cover for addresses). When or­dering parts, be sure to include the following information:
• Card model number (7016A)
• Card serial number
• Part description
• Circuit description, if applicable
• Keithley part number

5.4 Factory service

If the card is to be returned to Keithley Instruments for repair , perform the following:
• Call the Repair Department at 1-800-552-1115 for a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number.
• Complete the service form at the back of this manual and include it with the card.
• Carefully pack the card in the original packing carton.
• Write ATTENTION REPAIR DEPT and the RMA number on the shipping label.
NOTE
It is not necessary to return the switching mainframe with the card.
5.5 Component layout and schematic dia­gram
A component layout drawing and schematic diagram are in­cluded on the following pages integrated with the parts list.
5-1
Replaceable Parts
Table 5-1
Model 7016A parts list
Circuit Desig. Description Keithley Part Number
C101, 102 C105, C106 CR101-106 J1001-1005, 1010-1014 J1006-1009, 1015-1018 K101-114 P2001 U101 U102
** Order firmware revision of present ROM.
CAP, .1UF, 20%, 50V, CERAMIC CAP, 10UF, -20+100%, 25V, ALUM ELEC DIODE, SILICON, 1N4148 (D0-35) CONNECTOR, SMA FEMALE CONN, SMB, MALE RELAY, HI-FREQ CONNECTOR, 32-PIN, 2-ROWS PROGRAM IC, 8-BIT SERIAL-IN LATCH DRIVER, 5841A
C-365-.1 C-314-10 RF-28 CS-839 CS-580 RL-238 CS-775-1 7016-800** IC-536
5-2
ADD TC17-100 BOARD
ORIENT ARROW TOWARD
PIN 1 OF DEVICE
A1
25918
CHANGED U101 TO TC17-100
ELS
6/19/01
25918
A1
TC17-100
TC17-100
25918
A1
25918
A1
TC17-100
25918
A1

Index

A
Applications 3-3
B
Block diagram 4-7
C
Caution 1-1 Connecting cables 1-2 Connections and installation 2-1 Connections 2-1 Card configuration 2-1 Card installation and removal 2-4 Card installation 2-5 Card removal 2-5 Closing and opening channels 3-1, 3-2 Card characteristics 3-2 Capacitance 3-2 Crosstalk 3-2 Cable characteristics 3-3 Cable attenuation 3-3 Cable termination 3-3 Cable connectors 3-3 Channel isolation tests 4-3 Characteristic impedance 3-3 Center-to-shield isolation 4-5 Card configuration memory 4-8 Component layout and schematic diagram
5-1
D
Distributed capacitance 3-3
E
Environmental conditions 4-2
F
Features 1-1 Front panel control 3-1 Filter testing 3-6 Factory service 5-1
G
General Information 1-1
H
Handling precautions 1-2, 2-1 Handling and cleaning precautions 4-1 Handling precautions 4-1
I
Inspection for damage 1-2 Instruction manual 1-2 Input/output connecting cables 2-3 Input termination 2-4 IEEE-488 bus control 3-2 Insertion loss 3-2 Impedance testing 3-6 Insertion loss tests 4-2 Isolation tests 4-3
M
Manual addenda 1-1 Multiplexer expansion 3-3 Multiplexer-to-multiplexer isolation 4-6
O
Operation 3-1 Ordering information 5-1
P
Path isolation resistance 3-3 Performance verification 4-1 Principles of operation 4-7 Parts list 5-1
R
Repacking for shipment 1-2 Recommended accessories 1-2 Recommended verification equipment 4-2 Relay control 4-8 Replaceable parts 5-1
S
Safety symbols and terms 1-1 Specifications 1-1 Shipment contents 1-2 Simplified schematic 2-1 Signal limitation 3-1 Scanning channels 3-2 Switching considerations 3-2 Service information 4-1 Soldering considerations 4-1 Special handling of static-sensitive devices
4-7
Switching circuits 4-8
T
Terminating resistors 1-2 Typical connecting scheme 2-3 Troubleshooting equipment 4-8 Troubleshooting procedure 4-8
U
Unpacking and inspection 1-2
V
VSWR 3-3
W
Warranty information 1-1 Warning 1-1
i-1
Service Form
Model No. Serial No. Date
Name and Telephone No.
Company
List all control settings, describe problem and check boxes that apply to problem.
Intermittent
❏ ❏
IEEE failure Front panel operational
Display or output (check one)
Drifts
Unstable
❏ ❏
Overload
Calibration only
Data required
(attach any additional sheets as necessary)
Show a block diagram of your measurement system including all instruments connected (whether power is turned on or not). Also, describe signal source.
Analog output follows display
❏ ❏
Obvious problem on power-up All ranges or functions are bad
Unable to zero
Will not read applied input
CertiÞcate of calibration required
Particular range or function bad; specify
❏ ❏
Batteries and fuses are OK Checked all cables
Where is the measurement being performed? (factory, controlled laboratory, out-of-doors, etc.)
What power line voltage is used? Ambient temperature? ¡F
Relative humidity? Other?
Any additional information. (If special modiÞcations have been made by the user, please describe.)
Be sure to include your name and phone number on this service form
.
Keithley Instruments, Inc.
28775 Aurora Road Cleveland, Ohio 44139
Printed in the U.S.A.
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