Tektronix 5909 Instruction Manual

Model 5909 Calibration Sources

Instruction Manual

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

WARRANTY

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 1 year
from date of shipment.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable
batteries, diskettes, and documentation.

During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective.

To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio.
You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service
facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for
the balance of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days.

LIMITATION OF WARRANTY

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley’s express written consent, or
misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from
battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instructions.

THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES PRO­VIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.

NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS
INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE
OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIM­ITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY
PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: [phone]

1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) • www.keithley.com

Sales Offices: BELGIUM: Bergensesteenweg 709 • B-1600 Sint-Pieters-Leeuw • 02-363 00 40 • Fax: [phone]

CHINA: Yuan Chen Xin Building, Room 705 • 12 Yumin Road, Dewai, Madian • Beijing 100029 • 8610-8225-1886 • Fax: [phone]
FINLAND: Tietäjäntie 2 • 02130 Espoo • Phone: [phone] • Fax: [phone]
FRANCE: 3, allée des Garays • 91127 Palaiseau Cédex • 01-64 53 20 20 • Fax: [phone]
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GREAT BRITAIN: Unit 2 Commerce Park, Brunel Road • Theale • Berkshire RG7 4AB • 0118 929 7500 • Fax: [phone]
INDIA: 1/5 Eagles Street • Langford Town • Bangalore 560 025 • 080 212 8027 • Fax: [phone]
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NETHERLANDS: Postbus 559 • 4200 AN Gorinchem • 0183-635333 • Fax: [phone]
SWEDEN: c/o Regus Business Centre • Frosundaviks Allé 15, 4tr • 169 70 Solna • 08-509 04 600 • Fax: [phone]
TAIWAN: 13F-3, No. 6, Lane 99, Pu-Ding Road • Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. • 886-3-572-9077 • Fax: [phone]

2/03

Model 5909 Calibration Sources

Instruction Manual

Q 1987, Keithley Instruments, Inc.

Test Instrumentation Group

All rights reserved.

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

November 1987, First Printing

Document Number: 5909-901-01 Rev. A

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

The following safety precautions should be noted before using the Model 5909 calibration sources.

These sources are intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize possible shock hazards and
are familiar with the safety precautions necessary to avoid possible injury. Carefully read over the manual
supplied with the instrument being calibrated before operation.

Excercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present in the circuit. The American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS (42.4V peak)

are present. A good safety practice is to assume that hazardous voltages are present in any unknown

circuit before measurement.

Do not exceed 30V RMS (42.4V peak) between instrument analog common and earth ground.

Inspect test leads or connecting cables before each use. Replace defective cables with those of equivalent
voltage rating.

For maximum safety, do not touch exposed test leads or the instrument while power is applied to the
circuit under test. Turn off the power and discharge all capacitors before connecting or disconnecting
the instrument.

Do not touch any object which could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under
test or power line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a

dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

Do not exceed the instrument’s maximum allowable input as defined in the instruction manual for the
unit.

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using
this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some in­struments and accessories would normally be used with non-haz­ardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions
may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recog­nize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions re­quired to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation,
operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the
product. Refer to the manual for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection pro­vided by the product may be impaired.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use

and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is
operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for en­suring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be

trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instru­ment. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with
hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product

to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage
or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are de­scribed in the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator
may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by
service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform

safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly trained ser­vice personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that
are rated Installation Category I and Installation Category II, as de­scribed in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O sig­nals are Installation Category I and must not be directly connected
to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over-volt­ages. Installation Category II connections require protection for
high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains
connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O con­nections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise
marked or described in the Manual.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal
voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock
hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V
peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect

that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before
measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at
all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are pre­vented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In
some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human con­tact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to
protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is
capable of operating at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of

the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits.
They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources.
NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When con­necting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to lim­it fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connect­ed to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting
cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks
before each use.

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is
restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power dis­connect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equip­ment and within easy reach of the operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any
other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test.
ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge
any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jump­ers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal
changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the com­mon side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always
make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated
surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its
specifications and operating instructions or the safety of the equip­ment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and ac­cessories, as defined in the specifications and operating informa­tion, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or
switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating
for continued protection against fire hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for
measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.

If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is ap­plied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a
lid interlock.

5/02

If or is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the
wire recommended in the user documentation.

!

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should re­fer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or mea­sure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal
and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to
avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might
result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated infor­mation very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could
damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.

Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and
all test cables.

To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement
components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test
leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instru­ments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals,
may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components
that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as
long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that se­lected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments
to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are
unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a
Keithley Instruments office for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based
cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply
cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill
on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no
case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a
computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to in­structions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is af­fected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper
cleaning/servicing.

SPECIFICATIONS

ACCURACY, 23’ iZ°C

24 HOURS

VALUE DC - 100 kHz 1 MHz DC - 100 kHz 1 MHz

1.8 nF 465

470 pF 375
180 pF 375

47 pF 375 ppm 30 PPm 550 ppm 555 ppm

‘ACCURACY: Typical accuracies far >90 days from calibration:

Add 350ppm x \iyeaE to 24 hour capacitance specifications.

Add 150ppm x JyZ~to 24 hour conductance specifications.

Spectficatians subject to change without notice

PPm
ppm

ppm

645

PPm

420

ppm

390 ppm 550 ppm 565 ppm

90 DAYS*

640

PPm

550 ppm 595 ppm

820 ppm

GENERAL

CAPAClTANCE FROM EITHER TERMINAL TO CASE: 3.5pF maximum.
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF DIRECT CAPACITANCE (0”~WC):

+14Oppml”C typical.
MAXIMUM VOLTAGE: f300V.
INSULATION RESISTANCE (terminal to terminal or case):

lO”fl minimum (l&F, 470pF)
1OW minimum (1SOpF or less).

TERMINALS: Two male SNC push-on connectors spaced on l-inch

centers.

OPERATING ENVIRONMENT: 0’ to 50°C; 0% to 70% relative humtdity

up to 35°C.

STORAGE ENVIRONMENT: -25’C to +65”C.

DIMENSIONS, WRIGHTS: Each calibration source is 35mm x 57mm x

44mm (1.38 in. x 2.25 in. x 1.75 in.). Carrying case with calibration
sources is 24Smm x 165mm x 73mm (9.75 in. x 6.50 in. x 2.88 in.).
Net weight 1.3kg (2 Ibs. 14 oz.).

Table of Contents

SECTION l-GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

INTRODUCTION ..............................

WARRANTY INFORMATION. ...................

b L4NUAL ADDENDA ..........................

AFETY SYMBOLS AND TERMS ................

UNPACKING AND iNSPECTiON ..........................................

REPACKING FOR SHIPMENT ...................

USING THE SOURCES .........................

SECTION 2-DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

2.1

2.2 MECHANICAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ...........................................

2.2.1

2.2.2 Connectors .........................................................................

2.2.3 CaseConstruction ...................................................................

2.2.4 SeriesInductance ....................................................................

2.3 CAPACITANCE SOURCE CALIBRATION ................................................

2.3.1

2.3.2

INTRODUCTION .....................................................................

Dielectric.. .........................................................................

High Frequncy Circuit Model .........................................................

Calibration Method ..................................................................

SECTION 3-CHARACTERIZATION

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5 WARM UP PERIOD ...........................................................................

3.6 CAPACITANCE SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION

3.6.1

3.6.2 1kHz CapacitanceMeasurement

3.6.3 1MXHz Capacitance Calculation

3.6.4 lMHz Capacitance Calculation ................................................................

3.6.5

INTRODUaION .............................................................................

RECOMMENDED EQUIPMENT ................................................................

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS .............................................................

TEMPERATLJRE STABILIZATION ...............................................................

................................................

Connections.. ..............................................................................

..............................................................

..............................................................

Capacitance Source Calibration Labels. ........................................................

....... 2-l

.......

....... 2-l

....... 2-l

....... 2-l

....... 2-l

....... 2-l

.......

....... 2-2

2-l

2-2

3-l

3-l
3-l
3-l
3-l

3-2
3-2
3-2
3-2
3-3
3-3

i/ii

List of Illustrations

SECTION 2-DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
2-l Capacitance Source Construction

2-2 HighFrequency Model
2-3

Shorting L and C Form Parallel Resonant Circuit

........................................................................

...............................................................

.................................................

2-l
2-2
2-3

iii/iv

List of Tables

__,,,,,,..,_..,,,.,,,,.._.._,.,,,,,,.,.._..............

SECTION l-GENERAL INFORMATION

l-1

Supplied Items,.

SECTION 3-CHARACTERIZATION

3-l
3-2

Recommended Characterization Equipment
Model 5909 Capacitance Characterization

SECTION 4-REPLACEABLE PARTS

4-l

Model 5909 Parts List

..........................................................................

...................................................... 3-l

........................................................

l-2

3-3

4-l

v/vi

SECTION 1

General Information

1.1 INTRODUCTION

This section contains general information concerning the
Model 5909 Calibration Sources. The Model 5909 is intend­ed to cable correct the Package 82 Simultaneous CV
system.

1.2 WARRANTY INFORMATION

Warranty information may be found on the inside front
cover of this manual. Should you require warranty service,
contact the Keithley representative or authorized repair
facility in your area for further information.

1.3 MANUAL ADDENDA

Any improvements or changes concerning the sources or
this manual will be explained on an addendum included

with the sources. Please be sure to note these changes and

incorporate them into the manual before using the sources.

1.4 SAFETY SYMBOLS AND TERMS

The following safety symbols and terms may be found on
the instrument or used in this manual.

The symbol
voltage may be present on the terminal(s). Use standard

safety practices to avoid personal contact with these

voltages.

on an instrument shows that high

N

The CAUTION heading used in this manual explains haz­ards that could damage the unit. Such damage may void
the warranty.

1.5 SPECIFICATIONS

Detailed specifications for the Model 5909 sources may be
found at the front of this manual.

1.6 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION

Upon receiving the Calibration Sources carefully unpack
them from their shipping carton and inspect all sources

for any obvious signs of physical damage. Repolt any

damage to the shipping agent immediately. Save the
original packing carton for possible future reshipment.

The following items are included with every order:

l Model 5909 Calibration Sources (see Table l-1).
l Supplied accessories (Table l-l).
l A copy of this instruction manual.
l Additional accessories as ordered.

If an additional instruction manual is required, order the
manual package (Keithley Part Number 5909-901-00). The
manual package includes an instruction manual and any
appbcable addenda.

1.7 REPACKING FOR SHIPMENT

The symbol
should refer to the operating instructions.

The WARNING heading used in this manual explains haz­ards the might result in personal injury or death. Always
read the associated information very carefully before per­forming the indicated procedure.

on the instrument indicates that the user

A

Should it become necessary to rehlm the sources, carefully
pack them in the original packing carton or its equivalent.

Be sure to include the following:

l Advise as to the warranty status.
l Write ATTENTION REPAIR DEPARTMENT on the ship-

ping label.

l Fill out and include the service form at the back of this

manual.

l-l

1.6 USING THE SOURCES

Table l-l. Supplied Items

The Model 5909 Sources are intended for use in cable cor­recting the Package 82 Simultaneous CV System. Refer to

Section 3 of the Package 82 Instruction Manual for infor-

mation on using the Sources.

Quantity Description

47pF Capacitance Source
lE0pF Capacitance Source
470pF Capacitance Source
l&F Capacitance Source
BNC, female-to-female adapters
Case, calibration set
Capacitance calibration label set

l-2

SECTION 2

GLASS

GAPACrrOR

Design Considerations

2.1 INTRODUCTION

This section discusses important mechanical and elect&al

design considerations and calibration methods for the

calibration sources.

2.2 MECHANICAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

2.2.1 Dielectric

Glass dielectric capacitors are used for the sources because
of several desirable characteristics when compared to other
dielectric types. Key important characteristics of the glass
capacitor include:

l No noticable frequency-dependent dielectric constant

changes.

l Better time stability than all other dielectrics with the

possible exception of air capacitors.

l Dissipation factor sufficiently low to allow use with the

Model 590.

l Stable and repeatable temperature coefficient.
l High DC insulation resistance allowing use with the

Model 595.

capacitor is suspended as far as possible from the sides
of the case. For the larger capacitor values only, the
capacitor is glued to a glass standoff so that impacts and
vibration will not cause the capacitor to move, thus preven­ting changes in shunt capacitance. The standoff has suffi­cient length and small enough cross sectional area so that
it does not contribute to the shunt capacitance, and it also
results in a very high DC resistance to ground. To further
improve DC resistance to ground, care is taken during
assembly not to get a pathway of adhesive, either between
the two capacitor terminals, or between either terminal and
guard.

GLASS GAPACiTOR

(LARGER “AMES ONLY, (LARGER “AMES ONLY,

TEFLON - iNSULATED

BNC CONNECTORS

2.2.2 Connectors

The BNC connectors were chosen to allow quick and easy
connection of the source to the front panel of the Model

590. The connectors have Teflon@ insulation for high
leakage resistance, and they are specified for use at fre­quencies as high as 4GHz. The 4GHz specification in­dicates that both the shunt capacitance and the series in­ductance are carefully controlled during the manufactur­ing process, resulting in low SWR for optimum high­frequency operation.

2.2.3 Case Constructlon

The capacitor is internally mounted between the two BNC
connectors, as shown in Figure 2-l. To minimize the capa­citance to guard (the metal case acts as the guard), the

Figure 2-1. Capacitance Some Construction

2.2.4 Series Inductance

The series inductance is the principle error term, and it
is minimized by placing the capacitor directly behveen the
ends of the BNC connectors. The lead length, and thus
the series inductance, is made as small as possible.

2.3 CAPACITANCE SOURCE CALIBRATION

The capacitance sources are designed to be characterizable
at frequencies up to 1MHz. However, since no direct
measurement method known provides the required
measurement accuracy to lMHz, the method discussed in

2-l

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

the following paragraphs was developed to transfer a trace­able calibration of these sources at 1kHz to higher frequen­cies by analyzing any effects which could alter the capaci­tance reading at higher frequencies. This method is similar
to the method described in the reference’ at the end of this
section.

2.3.1 High Frequency Circuit Model

As shown in Figure 2-2, the capacitor in the metal box can

be modeled as an ideal capacitor (C,) whose value is the

measured 1kHz value in series with an inductor (L) repre­senting the inductance of the capacitor, capacitor leads,
and BNC connectors. Any shunt capacitance between this
network and guard is ignored by the capacitance meter,
which makes a guarded measurement.

To obtain the effective capacitance at a given high frequen-

cy, the value of the reactance of C, and L are computed
at fhat frequency and then added together (keeping in
mind that capacitance reactance is negative, and inductive
reactance is positive). The resulting reactance is then con­verted back to an equivalent capacitance at the 1OOkHz or
lMHz frequency of interest.

The value for L includes the inductance in the BNC con-

nectors up to some reference point on the BNC connector
pins. If a different point on the connector pins is chosen,
the effective capacitance will be different because L will
have a different value.

2.3.2 Calibration Method

The two measurements necessary to calibrate each
capacitance source include the lkHz capacitance, and the
series inductance.

lkHz Capacitance Measurement

The lkHz capacitance is measured in a conventional man­ner by a precision capacitance bridge utilizing a 3-terminal
guarded measurement. Temperature of the capacitance
source is accurately monitored during the measurement
so that an accurate determination of the temperature can
be made. This temperature measurement is necessary
because the capacitor has a sufficiently high temperature
coefficient to degrade the accuracy of the ultimate user’s
measurements unless correction is made for changes in
capacitance due to temperature variations. Any uncertainty
in temperature at the time of source calibration enters in­to the total uncertainty of the capacitance value.

Series Inductance Measurement

The series inductance is somewhat more difficult to
measure than the lkHz capacitance. The method consists
of making a resonant circuit of the capacitor and its series
inductance by shorting the external terminals together, as
shown in Figure 2-3. Assuming that the lkHz capacitance
value is the same as the capacitance at the resonant fre­quency, the series inductance can then be calculated from
those two factors.

,_________-_--____________1

GUARD (GROUNDED)

Figure 2-2. High Frequency Model

2-2

For optimum accuracy, it is necessary to subtract the induc-

I

tance of the shorting bar from the series inductance of the
resonant circuit to obtain the true series inductance of the
capacitance source. For that reason, a precision shorting
bar is used. This bar has a known inductance, and it also
contacts the connecting terminals at the same point each
time it is attached minimizing variations.

The resonant frequency is measured by placing a coupling
coil close to the shorting bar and looking for a dip in the
impedance across the coupling coil with a network
analyzer. The dip indicates that the resonant circuit is ex­tracting energy from the coupling coil at the point of

I

resonance.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

r-----------,

I

A. SHORTING SERIES 8. EQUIVALENT PARALLEL

L AND C. RESONANT CIRCUIT

bl

I

I c

,------- -------,

Figure 2-3. Shorting L and C Form Parallel Resonant Circuit

References

I Jones, R.N., Evaluation of Three-Terminal and Fou$Terminal Pair Capacitors at High Frequencies, Nat.

Bur. Stand. (US.) Tech Note 1024, 15 pages (Sept. 1980)

Z-3/2-4

SECTION 3

Characterization

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This section contains procedures for characterizing the
Model 5909 capacitance sources. Recommended equip­ment and environmental conditions are also discussed.

3.2 RECOMMENDED EQUIPMENT

Table 3-l summarizes the equipment recommended to
characterize the sources to the accuracy given in the specifi­cations at the front of this manual. In order to maintain

that accuracy, the specifications for any substitute equip­ment must be at least as good as those given in Table 3-l.
Also, it is important that the test equipment be calibrated
to NBS traceable standards.

3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Source characterization should be done under laboratory
conditions with an ambient temperature of 23’ fl°C and
at a relative humidity of less than 70%.

3.4 TEMPERATURE STABILIZATION

Before characterization, allow the sources to stabilize in a
free air environment at the ambient temperature for at least
four hours.

NOTE

Do not handle a source for more than one minute
at any any given time to avoid inaccurate charac­terization caused by temperature rise. Typically, it
takes 20 minutes for a source to stabilize to rated
accuracy after being handled for several minutes.

3.5 WARM UP PERIOD

Before characterization, turn on the test equipment and
allow it to warm up for the period stated in the instruc­tion manual for that equipment.

Table 3-l. Recommended Characterization Equipment

Description Specifications

IkHz Capacitance Bridge 1Oppm (0.001%) accuracy,

0.02ppml”C stability

DMM (RTD temperature) 0.16”C accuracy

(temperature)

4-wire RTD temperature probe 1OOQ !cO.ln platinum RTD,

DIN43760, alpha 0.00385
or 0.00392

Manufachwer and

Model Application

Andeen-Hagerling Measure lkHz capacitance
Model 2500 of C source

Keithley Model 193A Measure source tempera-

ture (probe required below)

Omega PR-U-3-100

Measure ambient tempera­ture with Model 193A

3-l

CHARACTERIZATION

3.6 CAPACITANCE SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION

The following paragraphs discuss the procedure for

measuring the &Hz values of the capacitance sowes. The
factory calibration value for series inductance is used to
calculate the 1OOkHz and IMHz values. The series induc­tance measurement discussed in paragraph 2.32 is not re­quired for characterization because the value of inductance
does not significantly drift during the life of the sources.
Before performing these procedures, the test equipment
and sources must be temperature stabilized as discussed
in the preceding paragraphs.

3.6.1 Connections

Where possible, the source being characterized should be
connected directly to the &Hz capacitance bridge. If con­nections must be made through cables, use the type and
maximum length specified by the manufacturer of the
capacitance bridge.

3.6.2 IkHz Capacitance Measurement

Measure the lkHz capacitance of each source as follows:

3.6.3 1OOkHz Capacitance Calculation

Use the lkHz measured value and the inductance marked
on each source to calculate the 100kHz value at 23’C as
follows:

C

Where: C,,, = capacitance at 1OOkHz

After calculating each lOOkHz value, record it in the ap­propriate space in Table 3-2.

Example: Assume that the measured lkHz value of a
nominal 180pF source is IBlpF, and that the marked series
inductance is 0.0492pH. The M&Hz capacitance at 25°C is:

C,.,,=(ltJlxlO-=) [(25-23)(0.00014) +l]

C,, [(T,-23)(0.00014) +I] [’ + l;;L;k]

som =

Car = capacitance at IkHz (measured)
L = series inductance (marked on each source)
d =(2@ = 3.9478417 x 10”
TA = Ambient temperature during lkHz measure-

ment (“C)

1. Connect the source being characterized to the capaci-

tance bridge.

2. Allow the source to temperature stabilize for at least 10

minutes after handling. Measure the ambient
temperature to within O.K.

3. Measure the lkHz capacitance and record the value in

Table 3-2.

4. Repeats steps 1 through 3 for the remaining capacitance

somces.

(3.947w7xlO”)(o.o49zxlo-~)(lalxlo-’~)

l+

l-((3.947847x10”)(0.0492xlL-6)(181x10-’2))

[

*(IO& = 181.05131 x lo-”

C

C twk = 181.05WpF

1

3-2

Table 3-2. Model 5909 Capacitance Characterization

CHARACTERIZATION

Nominal Measured IkHz

Value

‘Calculated as follows:

C, = C,* [(T,, -23)(0.00014) +l]

Where: C, = Extrapolated 1OOkHz or 1MHz value.

C,, = Measured lkHz capacitance.
o1 = (2sf)’ = 3.9478417 x 10” (100kHz) or 3.9478417 x lOI (lMHz)
L = Series inductance marked on source
T, = Ambient temperature during lkHz measurement (“C)

Capacitance

I

I I

3.6.4 MHz Capacitance Calculation

The lMHz capacitance value at 23’C can be determined
in the same manner as the 1OOkHz value as follows:

Calculated lOOkHz

Capacitance*

Calculated lMHz

Capacitance*

1

(‘+ ,““,f,..)

used. With a measured &Hz capacitance of l81pF and a

marked series inductance of O.O492pH, the lMHz capa­citance at 25°C is:

C,.,, = C,, [(T.,-23)(0.00014) +l] b + s,k]

Where: CIM = capacitance at lMHz (calculated)

C,* = capacitance at lkHz (measured)
L = series inductance (marked on each source)

d = (2rf)L = 3.9478417 x 10’3
T, = Ambient temperature during lkHz measure-

ment (“C)

After calculating each 1MHz value, record it in Table 3-2.

Example: Assume the same l80pF (nominal) source is

C,,=(l81 x lO-) [(25-23)(0.00014) +l]

(3.9478417x10’3)(0.0492x10-6)(181x10-’~)

l+

l-((3.9478417x10’5)(0.0492x10-6)(181x10-”))

[

CIM = X31.1144 x lo-”

C,, = l81.1144pF

1

3.6.5 Capacitance Source Calibration Labels

After the IkHz, lOOkHz, and 1MHz capacitance values
have been determined, write the values on the calibration
labels (supplied). Also include other pertinent informa­tion such as due date, and place the labels on the source
over the existing labels.

3-3/3-4

SECTION 4

Replaceable Parts

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This section contains information on replaceable parts for
the Model 5909.

4.2 PARTS LIST

Parts for the Model 5909 are listed in Table 4-l. The
capacitance values listed in the table are nominal. Also note
that the part numbers listed for the capacitance sources
are for factory calibrated units.

Table 4-1. Model 5909 Parts List

Quantity

1 Capacitance Source, 47pF

1 Capacitance Source, l80pF
1 Capacitance Source, 470pF

:
1 Case, calibration set, small
2

Description*

I

Capacitance Source, 1.8nF
BNC, female-to-female adapter

Capacitance calibration label set, replaceable

4.3 ORDERING INFORMATION

To place a parts order, or to obtain information concern­ing replacement parts, contact your Keithley representative
or the factory (see the inside front cover for addresses).
When ordering parts, be sure to include the following
information:

1. Model number (5909).

2. Serial number (where applicable).

3. Part description.

4. Keithley part number.

1 Keithley Part Numbed

*Source values shown are nominal.

*Capacitance source part numbers are for calibrated units.

4-114-2

Service Form

Model No.

Serial No.

Date
Name and Telephone No.
Company

List all control settings, describe problem and check boxes that apply to problem.

Cl Intermittent
0 IEEE failure

B Front panel operational

Display or output (check one)

m Drifts
0 Unstable
u Overload

B Calibration only
0 Data required
(attach any additional sheets as necessary)

Show a block diagram of your measurement system including all instruments connected (whether power is turned on or not).
Also, describe signal source.

0 Analog output follows display

0 Obvious problem on power-up
0 All ranges or functions are bad

0 Unable to zero
0 Will not read applied input

0 Certificate of calibration required

a Particular range or function bad; specify

0 Batteries and fuses are OK
0 Checked all cables

Where is the measurement being performed? (factory, controlled laboratory, out-of-doors, etc.)

What power line voltage is used?

Relative humidity?

Any additional information. (If special modifications have been made by the user, please describe.)

Other?

Ambient temperature?

Specifications are subject to change without notice.
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All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies.

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© Copyright 2003 Keithley Instruments, Inc.

Printed in the U.S.A.

2/03