Tektronix 4405 User Manual

TEK

USERS

MANUAL

Part No. 061-3216-00 Product Group 07

4405

ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE

SYSTEM

First Printing APR 1986

Please Rear for

CHANGE INFORMATION

Check

of

this

NOTES

at

the

Manual

and

COMMITTED TO

EXCEU£NCE

be

by

Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, Oregon. Printed

reproduced

in

any form without permission

of

Tektronix,

in

Inc.

the

This instrument, foreign patents or patent applications. Information provided upon request by Tektronix, Inc., P.O.

TEKTRONIX

UNIX

is

a trademark of Bell Laboratories.

TOPS-10, TOPS-20, VMS, and RSTS are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corp.

Portions of this manual are reprinted with permission of the copyright holder. Technical Systems Consultants, Inc.,

The operating system software copyright information code.

It

Smalltalk-80 UniFLEX

in

whole or

Box

is

a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc

can

be

read

is

a trademark

is

a registered trademark of Technical Systems Consultants,

in

part,

may

be

protected

500, Beaverton, Oregon 97007.

of

Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

via the "info" utility.

of

Xerox Corp.

by

one or more U.S. or

..

is

embedded

in

the

Inc.

WARRANTY FOR SOFTWARE PRODUCTS

Tektronix warrants that this software product will conform to the specifications set forth herein, the specified operating environment, for a period of three installed by Tektronix, for a period of three not conform as warranted, Tektronix will provide the remedial services specified below. Tektronix does not warrant that the functions contained this software product will be uninterrupted or error-free or that

in

(3)

months from the date of installation.

this software product will meet Customer's requirements or that operation

(3)

months from the date of shipment, or

If

all

errors will be corrected.

when

used

properly

if

the program

this software product does

in

is

of

In

order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for such service Tektronix. specified below, Customer may terminate the license for the software product and return this software product

associated materials to Tektronix for credit or refund.

This warranty shall not apply to any software product that has been modified or altered by Customer. Tektronix shall

be

obligated to furnish service under this warranty with respect to any software product environment other than that specified or when the software product has been integrated with other software

time or difficulty of analyzing or servicing the software product or the problems ascribed to the software product.

TEKTRONIX DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX' RESPONSIBILITY TO PROVIDE REMEDIAL SERVICE WHEN SPECIFIED, REPLACE DEFECTIVE MEDIA OR REFUND CUSTOMER'S PAYMENT EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO CUSTOMER BE

LIABLE

WHETHER

If

Tektronix

FOR

TEKTRONIX

is

unable, within a reasonable time after receipt of such notice,

in

a manner inconsistent with the Users Manual

FOR

BREACH

ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE

HAS

ADVANCE

NOTICE

OF

THE

in

accordance with the instructions received

if

the result of such integration increases the

OF THIS

POSSIBILITY OF

to

provide the remedial services

a)

that

WARRANTY.

SUCH

DAMAGES.

is

used

in

and

documentation or

IS

THE SOLE

TEKTRONIX

and

an

operating

WILL

from

any

not

AND NOT

OF

PLEASE FORWARD ALL MAIL TO:

Artificial Intelligence Machine Tektronix, Inc. P.O. Box 1000 M.S. 60-405 Wilsonville,

Oregon 97070

Attn: AIM Documentation

b)

MANUAL REVISION STATUS

PRODUCT: 4405 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM

This

manual

REV

supports

DATE

the

following versions

of

this

product:

Serial

DESCRIPTION

Numbers

8010100

and

up.

APR 1986

Original Issue

4405

USERS

Table of Contents

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

ABOUTPRELIMINARYMANUALS ...................................................................................

ABOUT THIS MANUAL ...... ............... ..... ........

YOUR QUALIFICATIONS ..................................................................................................

UNPACKINGTHE4405 ........................................................................................................ 1-2

OVERVIEWOFTHE4405

GENERALINFORMATION ................................................................................................ 1-2

4405HARDWAREOVERVIEW .........................................................................................

The 4405 Display/CPU ........................................................................................................

The 4405 Keyboard .............................................................................................................

The 4405 Mouse

THE 4405 STANDARD MASS STORAGE UNIT

4405 STANDARD AND OPTIONAL SOFTWARE ............................................................ 1-11

STANDARDSOFTWARE .................................................................................................

Smalltalk-80 .......................................................................................................................

The 4405 Operating System .............. ............. ........................ ........... ............. ...................

4405 OPI'IONS ..................................................................................................................... 1-12

Additional 2 MB Physical Memory . ........... ...... ....... ....

Additional 4 MB

ETHERNET® Interface ...................................................

LISP ........................................................................................................................... 1-12

Franz Common

PROLOG ............................................................................................................................. 1-12

EMACS ................................................................................................................................ 1-13

Other Options .... ........... ........................ ........................ ............. ........... ............. ........... ........ 1-13

Mass

4405 DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................................... 1-13

STANDARD

The

An Introduction to the Smalltalk-80 System ..................................................................... 1-13

The

4400 Series Assembly Language Reference .............. .............

4400 Series 'c' Language Reference ............. ........................ ........... ................................ 1-14

OOCUMENTATIONOFOPI'IONS .................................................................................. 1-14

OPTIONAL DOCUMENTATION ..................................................................................... 1-14

Smalltalk-80 Documentation .............................................................................................. 1-14

Service Documentation ........... ........................................................................................... 1-15

The The

LISP

Storage Expansion ........... ........... ..................................... ........... ............. ........... ........ 1-13

4405 User's Manual (This Book) ............................................................................... 1-13

4400 Series Operating System Reference

4405 Field Service Manual .................... ........................................................... ........ 1-15

4405 Component-Level Service Manual .................................................................. 1-15

..

.... ........... .... ....... ........... ......

Pllysical Memory ..... ..................................... ......... .................................. 1-12

..

...

........ ..... ........

DOCUMENTATION .................................................................................... 1-13

.................................................................................................... 1-2

...

........

...

........ ..... ........... .... .... ..... ........ ...........

...

........ ............. ..... .... ........... .... ... .... .... ..........

..

............. ..... ...... ..... ...... ........... .... ....... ...

...

..........

...

........ ............. ......... .......... 1-12

: .................................................. 1-12

........ ........... ....... ...... ..... ........ ..... ...... ........... .......... 1-12

Manual..

........ ..... .... ....... .... .... ..... .... .......... 1-14

...

...... ............... ........... ........ 1-14

...

.......

1-1 1-1 1-1

1-3 1-3 1-7 1-7 1-8

1-11 1-11 1-11

SECTION 2 THE FIRST TIME

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................

COMMENTED TRANSCRIPT

TURN ON THE 4405

FII...ES

MOVING AROUND IN THE DIRECTORY ....................................................................... 2-4

SOME

AND DIRECTORIES ................................................................................................ 2-2

sheU

FEATURES ...................................................................................................... 2-5

history .................................................................................................................................. 2-5

Command Line Editing ....................................................................................................... 2-7

..

OF

SESSION

..... ........ ....... .... ........... ........... ......... ...... ....... .... ..... ...... ........... ............

..

........... ....... ...... ..... ...... ............. ........... ..........

Table

of

Contents-l

2-1 2-1 2-1

The

shell Environment ............................................................................... .... ..................... 2-9

Environment Variables ...................................................................................................... 2-9

Aliases .............................................. ........................ ......... ................................. ..............

Saving

CONTROLLING

ANSI Other

RS-232 Terminal Emulation ...................................... .......... ............ ....... ........... ........ ........ 2-12

ENDING

Definitions ................................ .................................. ...................... ............. ........ 2-11

THE

TERMINAL

Commands

Terminal Attributes ................................................................. ............. ................... 2-12

THE

............................................ ................................................................... 2-12

SESSION

. ................... ......... .................... ........... ........ ................ ................ 2-13

EMULATOR

........................................................... 2-12

2-10

SECTION 3 USING THE

INTRODUcrION

POWER

POWER-UP BOOTING

THE

CHECKING USER SETTING

STOPPING

STOP POWER

THE

OVERVIEW COMMANDS

MANUAL FILE

\VII...D MULTI-TASKING

USER

FILE

ON

LOGIN

INITIALIZATION ................................................................................................... 3-2

PASSWORDS

THE

.................................................................................................................................... 3-3

OFF

OPERATING

Options .......................................................... ..................................................................... 3-4

Arguments Options

Directory Contents Moving Around Adding

copy ....................................................................................................................................

create ..................................................................................................................................

edit link

list ......................................................................................................................................

move

remove ...............................................................................................................................

rename ................................................................................................................................

compare ................................................................................. ........................ .....................

dump

filetype .......................................................................................................... .....................

find ............................ ~ ........................................................................................................

That

STRUCfURE

and Removing Files ............ ........... .......................... ......... ............... .............. .......

CARD

COMMANDS

MANIPULATION

.....................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

PROCESSING

..................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................... 3-1

AND

SYSTEM

SELF-TEST

THE

SYSTEM

PROCESS

THE

PASSWORD

SYSTEM

............................................................................... ................. ........... ....... ..... 3-3

SYSTEM

........................................................................................................................ 3-3

AND

and

Parameters .............. ............. ............................... ................. ......... ..... ....... 3-4

Take

SYNTAX

The

EXPANSION

4405

BOOT

AND

... ..... .... ......... ................... ....... ...... ..... ...................... .................. 3-1

........................................................................................................ 3-2

.................................................................................................... 3-2

................................................................................................... 3-2

AND

COMMAND

Arguments .......................................................................................... 3-5

CONVENTIONS

............................................................................................................ 3-5

;-;

dir

...

Directory Tree ..................................................................................

....... ........ .................. ...... .......................................... .............................

BY

FUNCfION

.....................................................................................................

...................................... ......... ............. ........... ........................ ............

........... ......................................................................... 3-1

BOOT

FILE

.............................................................................. 3-1

................................................................................ 3-2

UTILITIES .................................................................. 3-3

SYNTAX

..................................................................... 3-4

...... ..... ................... ......... ...................................... 3-5

....... ............. ............... ................ ........ .................... ..............

............................................................................................... 3-7

.................................................................................

3-6 3-6 3-7

3-7 3-7 3-7

3-7

3-8 3-8 3-8 3-8

3-8 3-8 3-8 3-8 3-8 3-8 3-8 3-8

Table

of

Contents-2

info ..................................................................................................................................... 3-9

touch .................................................................................................................................. 3-9

tail ...................................................................................................................................... 3-9

...

DIRECTORY MANIPULATION . ............. .......................... ........................ ...........

....... 3-9

chd ...................................................................................................................................... 3-9

crdir .................................................................................................................................... 3-9

dir ....................................................................................................................................... 3-9

path .................................................................................................................................... 3-9

..

SYSTEM ACCESS AND STATUS

............. ......... ............. ............................................... 3-9

date ..................................................................................................................................... 3-9

dperm ................................................................................................................................. 3-9

exit ..................................................................................................................................... 3-9

help ..................................................................................................................................

3-10

login ................................................................................................................................. 3-10

owner ............................................................................................................................... 3-10

password .......................................................................................................................... 3-10

perms ................................................................................................................................ 3-10

status .................... ............... .......................... ......... ............... ........................................... 3-10

stop ................................................................................................................................... 3-10

DISK MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................... 3-10

backup .............................................................................................................................. 3-10

diskrepair ...... ........... ........................ ................................................................................ 3-10

format ............ ....... ........... ...................... ........ ................................................ .............. ..... 3-10

free ................................................................................................................................... 3-11

restore ....... ............. ............. ....... ...... ................................... ........... .................................. 3-11

COMMAND EXECUTION .............................................................................................. 3-11

echo .................................................................................................................................. 3-11

int ..................................................................................................................................... 3-11

jobs ................................................................................................................................... 3-11

script ............. ........... ...................... .............................................. .... ...................... .......... 3-11

shell .................................................................................................................................. 3-11

wait .................................................................................................................................. 3-11

COMMUNICATIONS ......... ............. ..... ........ ................ ................... ................................ 3-11

commset ................................................................... ........................................................ 3-11

conset .......... ........... ............... ......... ............... ...................... ................ .......... ................... 3-11

remote ... .... ....... ........... ........ ......... ........... ............................................ ............................. 3-12

PROORAM DEVELOPMENT ...................... ........... ................................. ............. ....... ... 3-12

asm ................................................................................................................................... 3-12

cc ...................................................................................................................................... 3-12

debug ................................................................................................................................ 3-12

headset ............................................................................................................................. 3-12

libgen ............ ................................................................................................................... 3-12

libinfo ...... ...... .................... ............... ....... ........... ...... ........................................................ 3-12

load .................................................................................................................................. 3-12

sma11talk

........ ....... ......... ...... ........... .................................................................................. 3-12

strip .................................................................................................................................. 3-12

relinfo ............ ..... ........................................... ................................................................... 3-12

update ............ ...................... ........... .................................................................................. 3-13

SECTION 4 SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE

Table

of

Contents-3

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 4-1

THEFACTORYCONFIGURATION

.................................................................................. 4-1

USER public ... ........... ............. ........... ............. ......... ....... ...... ......... ......... ............................. 4-2

File Protection and

Ownership .......................................................................................... 4-2

Passwords ..... ........... ..................................... ..... .... ....... ...... ..... .... ....... ................... ............ 4-2

Backing up User Files ......... ..... .......................................................................................... 4-2

A Suggestion . ........... ..... ........ ........... ........... ........... ............................................................ 4-3

RESPONSIBILITIES

BACKING UP

Performing a

ADDING AND DELETING INSTALLING

OF

USER system

THE

SYSTEM ............................................................................................ 4-5

............................................................................

4-4

system Backup .......................................................................................... 4-5

USERS .................................................................................. 4-5

SOFTWARE

ON

THE 4405 ....................................................................... 4-6

ERROR RECOVERY AND SYSTEM REBUILDING ...................................................... 4-7

SECTION 5 RECOVERY

AND

REBllLD

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 5-1

PROBLEMS . ............... .............

...

........ ........... ....... .... ............. ..... ...... ......... ...... ..... ........... ..... 5-1

REBUILDING ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................................ 5-1

YOUR BACKUP DISKETTES ............................................................................................. 5-1

SYSREFORMAT Disk .............................................................................................. 5-2

Your

of

Types

Virtual Memory And Names

Hard Disk Reformatting Utilities ....................................................................... 5-2

Swap Space ..................................................................................... 5-3

Of

Reformatting Utilities ....................................................................................... 5-3

System Rebuilding Utilities ............................................................................................... 5-3

SYSINST

Your

DISKREPAIR Disk ....................................................

Your

ALL

Disk ................ ............. ....... ......... .... ...... ..... .... ............. ............. .......... 5-4

00

.............................................

5-4

Your Standard System Diskettes ......................................................................................... 5-5

SOFTWARE FIRST AID .................. ....... ........ ................ .......... ..... .............................. .......... 5-6

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ... ..... ........... ........ ..... ...... ............... ......... ............................. ....... 5-6

AUTOMATIC SYSTEM REPAIRS ... .................. .... ..... .... ............. ......... ............................. 5-6

REMOVING A FORGOTTEN

system

PASSWORD ............. ....... ...................................... 5-6

RESTORING A USER'S FILES ........................................................................................... 5-6

RESTORING FILES WHEN THE

SYSTEM WILL NOT BOOT ,,,"',, .................................................................. 5-7

ON

A BOOT ABLE SYSTEM ..... ....................................................... 5-7

RECOVERING AN UNBOOT ABLE SYSTEM .................................................................. 5-7

NON-DESTRUCTIVE SYSTEM REBUILD PROCEDURE ................................................ 5-9

OVERVIEW ..................... ............................................................................ ......................... 5-9

STEP 1 DISKREPAIR ..................................................................................................... 5-11

A - Boot the B - Mount C - Run

DISKREPAIR Diskette ............... ......... ...... .................... ...... .............. ..... 5-11

me Hard Disk .... ........................... ........ ............. ........................... ........... ..... 5-13

diskrepair ..................................................... ........... ............. .............. ........ ..... 5-13

D - Inspect Your Hard Disk Files ............ ................................... ........... .... .............. ..... 5-13

E -

Unmount the Hard Disk and Stop me System ........................................................ 5-15

STEP

2.

COpy

STEP 3. RESTORE THE SYSTEM FILES.

THE OPERATING SYSTEM FILE STRUCTURE .............................. 5-15

..

.................................................................. 5-15

STEP 4. RESTORE THE PASSWORD FILE ................ ................. ........... ..................... 5-18

COMPLETE SYSTEM REBUILD PROCEDURE ............. ...... ........................................... 5-19

OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................... 5-19

STEP 1 - FORMAT THE WINCHESTER WITH SYSREFORMAT ........................... 5-20

A - Boot the SYSREFORMAT Diskette ...................................................................... 5-21

Table

of

Contents-4

B - Fonnat

Logical Fonnat .............................................................................................................. 5-21

Physical Fonnat ............................................................................................................. 5-21

STEP 2 - RESTORE THE SYSTEM WITH THE SYSINSTALL DISK ...................... 5-22

A - Boot B - Restore Files from Your

Stop me System and Reboot ................................................................................... 5-22

C -

STEP 3 - RESTORE USER'S FII.,ES ...................................................... ....................... 5-23

4405 SELFI'EST ........................................ ........................................................................... 5-23

OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................ 5-23

RUNNING

f1

Key

f2 .............................................................................................................................. 5-24

Key

f3

Key

f9 .............................................................................................................................. 5-24

Key

flO ............................................................................................................................ 5-24

Key

f11

Key

Key f12 ............................................................................................................................ 5-25

FINDING INTERMITTENT

Invoking Continuous selftest ........................................................................................... 5-25

th.e

Hard Disk .............................................................................................. 5-21

th.e

SYSINSTALL Disk ................................................................................. 5-22

System Backups .............................................................. 5-22

SELF TEST ...................................................................................................... 5-23

.............................................................................................................................. 5-24

............................................................................................................................ 5-24

ERRORS ............................................................................ 5-25

Appendix A UNPACKING

INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................... A-I

SELECTING A SITE ............................................................................................. ................

UNPACKING ......................................................................................................................... A-2

UNPACK THE

UNPACK THE DISPLAY/CPU ........................................................................................... A-2

CHECK THE ASSEMBLE CONNECT THE

READ

SECI'ION 1 ................................................................................................................. A-4

MSU ............................................................................................................ A-2

ACCESSORIES ............................................................................................ A-2

THE

MOUSE .................................................................................................. A-3

CABLES .................................................................................................. A-3

Appendix B CLEANING

GENERAL CLEANING ........ .......................... ........... ......... ........ ........................ ................... B-1

CLEANING THE CLEANING

MOUSE ..................................................................................................... B-1

SPILLS ON THE KEYBOARD .................. ................ ........... ................. .... ...... B-1

AND

INSTALLATION

AND

MAINTENANCE

A-I

Appendix C Options Appendix D CONNECTING PERIPHERALS

INTRODUCI'ION ..................................................................................................................

THE SCSI BUS ....................................................................................................................

LOCATION ... .......................... ......... ........... ............. ............. ............. ................................

SOFTWARE ACCESS .............................. ......... ........... ........................ .......... ...................

THE RS-232 COMMUNICATIONS PORT ........................................................................ D-2

LOCATION ........................................................................................................................ D-2

SOFTWARE CONTROL ................................................................................................... D-2

THE

PARALLEL PRINTER PORT ...................................................................................... D-2

LOCATION .......................................................................................................................... D-2

SOFTWARE ACCESS ......................................................................................................... D-2

D-1 D-l D-l D-l

Table

of

Contents-5

THE

Ex:rERNAL

LOCATION .......................................................................................................................... D-2

SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................... D-3

SOFfW

THE

ARE ACCESS ......................................................................................................... D-3

ETHERNET INTERFACE ............................................................................................ D-3

SPEAKER JACK ..................................................................................... D-2

Appendix E SPECIFICATIONS

Figures

1-1. 640 X 480 Window Into 1376 X 1024 Bit-Map. . ............................................................ 1-3

1-2. Display/CPU Front Panel Controls.. . ............................................................................... 1-5

1-3. Display/CPU Rear Panel. ................................................................................................. 1-5

1-4. The 1-5. The 1-6. Front

1-8. 5-1. Non-Destructive 5-2. 5-3.

4405 Keyboard.. . ...... .... ....... ........... ...... ......... ....... ............... ............... ....... ........... ..... 1-7

4405 Mouse.. . ............................................................................................................ 1-8

of

MSU.. . ................................................................................................................ 1-9

SCSI Terminator. . ............... ..... ................... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ........... ............................. 1-11

System Rebuild Procedure.. . ................................................................. 5-9

Step

1.

Using (BIDISKREPAIRP. . ............................................................................... 5-11

Step 3. Restore Files. . .................................................................................................... 5-15

Examples

5-1. Minimum Bootable System. . .......................................................................................... 5-14

Tables

2-1 Moving Commands ........ .... ......... ............. .... ..... ......

2-2 Deleting Commands ............. ..... ............... .... ..... ......

E-l

CPU/DISPLAY UNIT PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS ............ .... ............. .................. ......... E-1

MASS STORAGE UNIT PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS ................................................... E-1

E-2

CPU/DISPLAY ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................... E-2

E-3

MASS STORAGE UNIT ELECTRICAL SPECIFICAITONS ....................................... E-2

E-4

CPUiDISPLAY ENVIRONMENIAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................................ E-3

E-5

MASS STORAGE UNIT ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................. E-4

E-6

INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................. E-5

E-7

GRAPHICS CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................. E-5

E-8

...

.... ......... ........... ........................ .... ... 2-8

...

.... ......

...

........................ ............... ... 2-9

Table

of Contents-6

Section 1

INTRODUCTION

ABOUT PRELIMINARY MANUALS

Some

of

the 4400 Series manuals are preliminary. They are

be, given the lead time required for writing and printing.

preliminary manuals may be inaccurate

We

of

AIM Documentation want each customer to receive complete, final manuals as soon possible. fill out and return the enclosed, postage-free, card. comments you can make to help us make the documentation for this system better. (We also like praise, too, to send at a later time, send them

In

order that you not be missed (sometimes addresses get lost

if

we've done something right.)

Tektronix, Inc. P.O. Box 1000 Wilsonville, OR 97070 D.S.60-405 Attention: AIM Documentation

to:

or

missing.

If

the card is missing, or

as

complete and accurate as they can

Some

of

the information given in

or

are unavailable) please

Of

course, we would appreciate any

if

you have more comments

as

ABOUT THIS MANUAL

This is the introductory manual to the 4405 Artificial Intelligence System. (We call it the 4405

from here on.) You should read this manual before attempting contains useful information that can help you get the most out instructions on how to unpack and connect the system, a guided tour on, a discussion on how to work with the system on a day-by-day basis, suggestions for working with more than one user on the system, and some ways to recover from the inevitable errors to which humans are prone.

YOUR QUALIFICATIONS

This manual is not a tutorial document. Although we've tried simple, it assumes that you're an experienced computer user. You need not have systems programming experience, or computer operating system. You should be comfortable with a hierarchical or tree-structured filing system, know how to issue commands and run applications, and, in general, be a "knowledgeable user."

If

you're comfortable with an operating system such

or

any

of

the other multi-user operating systems that abound, you should have little trouble adapting to the of

the many tutorials, search out tutorial information on your own, look for tutorials on the Unix operating system. The 4405 operating system is not Unix, but the structure and philosophy behind it dissimilar, and tutorial information explaining the Unix operating system is readily available.

4405 operating system.

or

be

a "Wizard," but you should be past the neophyte stage on a large

as

Unix®, TOPS-IO/20®, VMS®, RSTS®,

If

you are not, you should take a course, read through one

find a knowledgeable person to help you adjust to the 4405.

to

use your new 4405 - it

of

the 4405. You'll find

of

the first time you tum

to

keep this manual clear and

If

you must

is

not too

it

4405

USERS

1-1

INTRODUCTION

UNPACKING THE 4405

If

you've just purchased your 4405 - congratulations! You'l1 want to get

as

soon

as

running

4405 any distance, you should use these containers. Exercise patience, follow instructions,

your and you should have

To save time and trouble, follow this sequence:

1.

Skim over this procedure

2.

Tum

to Appendix A and follow those instructions. This appendix shows you, in detail,

how to unpack and connect the pieces that form the

3.

Come back to this point and read the rest overview

possible. First, don't discard your shipping cartons.

no

trouble bringing the system up for the first time.

to

get a feel for the sequence.

4405.

of

the 4405 before trying to use it.

Section

1,

the introduction. You need

it

put together and

If

you ever want to move

to

get an

4. Read Section section takes you through an initial introduction to the you a few

5. Next read through Section 3, use

of

the 4405. You'll want to experiment with the system - you shouldn't have any

trouble at this point.

6.

Read Section to deal with. responsible for these tasks.

7.

Section 5, Recovery and Rebuild, is the section we all hope to avoid. find system rebuilding procedures here.

2,

The First Time User next. Follow the examples on your 4405. This

of

its many features.

Using the 4405. This section talks about normal, day-to-day

4,

Software Maintenance, to get an idea

If

more than one user will be using the 4405, one person should be

4405 operating system and shows

of

the maintenance tasks you'll have

If

you must, you can

OVERVIEW OF THE 4405

GENERAL INFORMATION

The 4405 is a single-user computer system that has been designed for the efficient development and use can have many separate user accounts, it is not a time-sharing system; only one user may be

logged in at a time.) The system and

of

artificial intelligence (AI) applications. (Single-user means that, although the 4405

4405 can be used both

as

a terminal connected to a host computer.

as

a stand-alone applications development

As an applications development system, the Smalltalk-80 system, LISP, and PROLOG. These languages run under the 4405's multi-tasking operating system. The and mathematics libraries to assist with program development. In addition, the

'c'

programming environment that allows porting

As a terminal, the AI community. The to allow it to work with most popular screen-oriented editors.

1-2

4405 also has a hierarchical file system, complete with various graphics

4405 easily interfaces, via a RS-232-C line, to various computers in use by the

4405 functions as an ANSI X3.64 compatible terminal with some extensions

4405 provides a programming environment for the

4405 contains a

of

many applications programs to it.

INTRODUCTION

4405

The 4405 consists

(MSU). These, in addition discussion examines each component in detail.

HARDWARE

of

two major components, the Display/CPU module and mass storage unit

to a keyboard and mouse, make up the basic 4405. The following

OVERVIEW

The 4405 Display/CPU

The Display/CPU is the heart

of

cabinet the central processing unit, one megabyte (standard, two as

options)

communicate with the outside world. Connected to the rear

and mouse. There, we also find a volume control for the internal speaker, an audio connector for an external speaker, a parallel printer port, the RS-232 port, the ethernet connector, and a reset button.

The The under control

Figure

a conventional terminal, it contains a monochrome 640 X 480 pixel bit-map display,

of

fast semiconductor memory, and the interface electronics that allow the 4405 to

of

4405 uses a monochrome 640 X 480 pixel display

4405' s electronics allow smooth panning

of

the operating system.

1-1

shows how the 640 X 480 pixel display relates

of

the 4405 system. Although it is no larger than the display

or

four additional megabytes available

the Display/CPU unit are the power cord, mass storage unit, keyboard,

as

a window into a 1376 X 1024 bit-map.

of

the 640 X 480 window over the virtual display

to

the 1376 X 1024 bit-map.

4405

USERS

1-3

INTRODUCTION

(0,0)

(0,479)

(0,1023)

(639,0)

~--------------~-----------------+~

This

is

screen

the default

position.

(1375,0)

...

------

1376x1024

VIRTUAL DISPLAY BIT-MAP

t-+-+l~~~~~~

AREA

SEEN

BY

(PANNED

DEFAULT POSITION)

DISPLAY

FROM

1-4

Physical Display

640x480

j:==640

Figure 1-1.640 X 480 Window

480

Pixels

Pixel.~

5603-2A

Into

1376 X 1024 Bit-Map.

iNTRODUCTION

Figure 1-2 shows the front

of

the Display/CPU unit. Two controls are located at the front

unit: the brightness control and the power switch. Figure

connectors on the Display/CPU.

1-3

shows the rear panel controls and

POWER SWITCH

BRIGHTNESS

KNOB

of

the

4405

USERS

Figure 1-2. Display/CPU

Front

Panel Controls.

5931-2

1-5

INTRODUCTION

CORD

VOLUME

CONTROL

MOUSE

CONNECTOR

SCSI

CONNECTOR

PARALLEL

PRINTER

CONNECTOR

RS-232

CONNECTOR

ETHERNET

CONNECTOR

Figure 1-3. Display/CPU

Rear

RESET

BUTTON

AUDIO

OUTPUT

CONNECTOR

KEYBOARD

CONNECTOR

5931-3

Panel.

1-6

The 4405 Keyboard

INTRODUCTION

Figure 1-4 shows the 4405 keyboard. This keyboard is similar

to

that used by the Tektronix 4100 Series tenninals. The joydisk, function keys, numeric pad, and keyboard keys are all accessible to the 4405 software. The only unfamiliar key is the up-arrowlleft-arrow key used in Smalltalk programming.

Figure 1-4. The 4405 Keyboard.

The 4405 Mouse

The 4405 mouse, shown in Figure The mouse consists

of

a rubber coated steel ball (to detect mouse movement over a surface) and three buttons. To use the mouse, place it on a clean surface and guide fingers to press the mouse buttons. The mouse connector plugs into the back Display/CPU unit near the keyboard connector.

4405

USERS

1-5

is the primary pointing device used with Smalltalk-80.

it

with one hand. Use your

of

the 4405

1-7

INTRODUCTION

5931-4

Figure 1-5. The 4405 Mouse.

THE

Figures 1-6 and Figure 1-8 shows the SCSI terminator. The front panel activity light and flexible disk drive activity light to show when these drives are in use. The rear

of on

4405

the MSU contains the power cord, the SCSI connector and terminator. The only controls used

the MSU are the power switch and the door handle

STANDARD

1-7

show the front and rear

MASS

of

STORAGE

the standard 4405 mass storage unit (MSU).

of

the MSU contains the winchester disk

of

the flexible disk drive.

UNIT

1-8

INTRODUCTION

REMOTE

POWER CONTROL

CONNECTOR

(NOT USED)

POWER CORD

CONNECTOR

Figure 1-6.

CONNECTORS

FUSE

Front

SCSI

of

MSU.

LINE VOLTAGE

INDICATOR

4405

USERS

Figure 1-7. Rear

of

5603-8

MSU.

1-9

INTRODUCTION

1-10

Figure 1-8. SCSI Terminator.

INTRODUCTION

4405 STANDARD AND OPTIONAL SOFTWARE

STANDARD SOFTWARE

Smalltal

The standard programming language for the 4405 is Smalltalk-80, version 2, developed by Xerox corporation. makes extensive use Tektronix implementation

Smalltalk-80 System.

the

The

The 4405 contains a small, robust operating system, based on UniFLEX@, by Technical Systems

Consultants, Inc. The operating system gives one user at a time access to the

The operating system gives you these features:

• Single-user operation

• Multiple user accounts (with password protection)

• A hierarchical, tree-structured file system

• Multi-tasking

• An interactive shell featuring command aliasing, history, shell variables, definable search

• Command file (script) execution

k-80

Smalltalk-80 is a object-oriented, general-purpose programming language that

of

the 4405 bit-mapped screen and mouse. A full description

of

Smalltalk-80 is given in the companion manual

4405 Operating

path, and command line editing

System

of

An

Introduction to

4405's resources.

the

• User (public) and system utilities

• A relocating assembler and linking loader

• A 'c' compiler and libraries that include standard 'c' functions and a graphics library that

gives access to the

• A symbolic debugging tool for 'c' and assembly language programs

• An ANSI X3.64 terminal emulator, available both to the 4405 operating system and external host via a RS-232-C connection

• A line and content oriented text editor

• Printer support

• Remote file transfer and host communications

4405

USERS

4405's hardware resources

to

1-11

an

INTRODUCTION

4405 OPTIONS

In addition to the standard 4405 hardware and software, many additional options are available. Some

of

these are:

Additional 2

This option, an additional two Megabytes Megabytes

of

physical memory for your 4405.

Additional 4

This option, an additional two Megabytes

Megabytes

of

physical memory for your 4405.

MB

Physical Memory

MB

Physical Memory

of

semiconductor memory gives you a total

of

semiconductor memory gives you a total

of

three

five

ETHERNET® Interface

This option adds the hardware and software necessary for the 4405 to function in an ETHERNET network.

Franz LISP

An implementation systems.

of

the LISP programming language that is widely available

on

UNIX

Common

This implementation

Interface,"

the Language.

as

LiSP

well

as

PROLOG

An implementation

1-12

of

Common LISP includes some extensions, such

the full language as documented in the book by Guy Steele, Common

of

this logic programming language.

as

a "Foreign Function

llSP,

INTRODUCTION

EMACS

A widely used, extensible, screen-oriented editor with mouse extensions.

Other Options

Additional 4405 options may be available in the future. Please contact your local Tektronix Sales Representative for currently available 4405 options.

Mass

If

you need more mass storage than is available on the standard internal 45 Mb Hard disk, use the applicable configuration available in a number tape support. The 4400 Series operating system automatically senses the presence expansion units and mounts them when the system boots up.

Storage Expansion

of

the 4944 Mass Storage Device to extend your storage. The 4944 is

of

configurations that add various sizes

of

hard disk storage and streaming

of

supported

4405 DOCUMENTATION

STANDARD DOCUMENTATION

With your 4405, you received five principal manuals. This standard set

includes:

The 4405 User's Manual (This Book)

This manual should be the first manual you read. 4405: unpacking and connection procedures, a first-time user's session, hints on daily use

system, discussions contains the general "how-to-do-it" information that you'll need while getting acquainted with your new 4405. You'll probably need

will probably need

of

software configuration, maintenance and data security. This manual

to

use this manual extensively for the first week

to

refer

to

it only in emergencies.

It

contains the introductory material

of

documentation

or

to

the

of

the

so, then

An Introduction to the Smalltalk-80 System

This manual is the introduction to Smalltalk-80 as implemented on the 4405. This manual is not

a "stand-alone" manual, it is meant

the Programming Environment and published by Addison-Wesley. You will need both these books in order to use Smalltalk-80. The manual An Introduction to

440SUSERS

Smalltalk-80 makes extensive references

to

be used in conjunction with two other texts, Smalltalk-80:

Smalltalk-80: The Language and Its Implementation

to

the Addison-Wesley

1-13

INTRODUCTION

books and details the differences between the image in those books and the image on the 4405.

The Introduction does contain some tutorial information, and an excellent overview

language,

as

well

as

providing the intimate details that affect the language user.

of

the

The 4400 Series Operating System Reference Manual

The 4400 Series Operating System Reference Manual contains the detailed description

4400 Series hardware and software from the programmer's point 4400 Series reference, and contains information on the details and the other operating system level concerns. Look in this manual for detailed information not covered elsewhere.

of

view. This book is the basic

of

commands, syntax, extensions,

of

the

4400 Series Assembly Language Reference

The 4400 Series Assembly Language Programmer's Reference Manual contains details

supplied manual to the syntax and details manual also contains information on the operation

MC68000 (including MC68010 and MC68020) assembler. This manual is a reference

of

the 4400 Series assembler and system calls and libraries. This

of

the linking loader.

of

the

4400 Series 'e' Language Reference

The 4400 Series

'C'Language

Reference Manual contains details

of

the implementation

of

the

'c' language and libraries. This manual also contains some tutorial information on using the

"BitBlt" graphics facilities

of

the 4400 series machines.

DOCUMENTATION OF OPTIONS

Each software option has its own reference manual(s) that details its operation. Refer to these manuals for details

Hardware options come with installation instructions necessary manuals for operation

Some manuals for options are small and come without binders. Place these manuals in this

binder under

of

how

to

use these software packages.

of

Appendix C, Options.

(if the option is customer-installed) and the

that option.

OPTIONAL DOCUMENTATION

Smalltalk-80 Documentation

The two books on Smalltalk-80, the "red book" and the "blue book," can be ordered from Tektronix. They are:

1-14

INTRODUCTION

• Smalltalk-80 The Interactive Programming Environment by Adele Goldberg.

Tektronix part number

• Smalltalk-80 The Language

Tektronix part number

062-8859-00

and

Its Implementation by Adele Goldberg and David Robson.

062-8860-00

Service Documentation

Two service manuals are available for the 4405. These are:

The 4405 Field Service Manual

The 4405 Field Service Manual contains information useful for a technician troubleshooting a

4405 in the field. It contains commonly used adjustments, checks, and information that enables a technician to repair a

repaired at the factory or other service location that has specialized diagnostic instrumentation.}

The 4405 Component-Level Service Manual

This manual is designed for the experienced electronic technician and gives the information necessary to repair the fixtures and specialized knowledge to use

4405 to the module level. {Modules are subassemblies that should be

4405 subassemblies. It is not intended for use in the field; it requires test

it.

4405

USERS

1-15

Section 2

THE FIRST TIME

INTRODUCTION

You should now have your 4405 unpacked, connected, and ready for its first use. This section is a commented transcript

of

a new user trying the 4405 for the first time.

Think machine - feel free and capabilities

In this transcript, the actual dialog between the user and the 4405 is indented and in a different type style than the comments and explanations. The actual commands that you type are shown as they appear include the spaces). Remember, for commands to line by pressing the

of

this section a guided tour

to

experiment as you go along. This section

of

the operating system, but

on

the screen; enter them exactly as shown (omit the system prompt, but be sure to

Return key - this manual doesn't show that as an explicit part

Your session should look very similar when you issue the same commands in the same order.

of

the 4405 operating system. Follow along on your own

won't

cover all

it

will show you enough to get you started.

be

executed, you must terminate the command

of

the features

of

this dialog.

COMMENTED TRANSCRIPT OF SESSION

CAUTION

If

you must leave the session early, type "stop" and wait

for the message

" .

..

System shutdown complete

before turning

off

the power. Any other method shutting down the 4405 can seriously damage the operating system disk software structure.

...

"

of

TURN

First, you time. (Later on, you power switch upper right hand

Now, press the power switch on the Display/CPU unit. The LED in the key marked comes on, flashes for a time, then goes out. When the display screen lights up, you see in the upper left comer the display:

If

this message does not appear, try adjusting the brightness control.

The winchester disk activity light on the

message appears:

4405

USERS

ON

THE

11

want to see what happens to each unit

on

the MSU (mass storage unit). Notice that the winchester disk activity light on

of

Tektronix

4405

11

just want to

the MSU front panel comes on until the disk gets up to speed, then shuts off.

4405

tum

on

the power to both units and start working.) Press the

MSU then begins to flicker, the screen clears, and a new

of

the 4405 when you

tum

on one unit at a

Caps Lock

2-1

THE

FIRST

TIME

For

Total

Tektronix

copyright

user

Includes

memory = xxxxK

4405

and

Operating

licensed

other

System

material

proprietary

Version

information,

X.X

use

"info"

command.

++

It usually takes a few minutes for the prompt - the + + (double plus signs) - to appear. During this time, the

automatically logged you in as a user with the user-name

program that talks to you), and is now waiting for you to give it a command. The

Version X.X message tells you what version

user memory

The

+ + is the default system prompt, and the flashing "_" (underscore) is the cursor.

4405 has gone through a power-up self-test, loaded the operating system,

public, invoked the interactive shell (the

of

the operating system you have, and the Total

message tells you how much physical memory is actually available for your use.

FILES AND DIRECTORIES

You have been automatically logged into the system the visible files in your directory. Type

++

dir

dir:

++

as

user public. The command dir shows you

As

you can see, there are no visible files in your directory (unless someone else has left them

If

there).

There are a number

doesn't show files that begin with a period. To see these files, type

Each command about itself. (We won't show the full system response here, as it is so long. Try it for yourself on your

(Here the system gives a list press

(The system prints the help file for dir.)

We see that the command list. The fundamental directory type (be sure to leave a space between

someone else has used the system and created files, you

of

files in your directory that are invisible. The operating system normally

+

dir

+a

.login

++

of

these invisible files has a use. We'll talk about them later. To find out more about the

dir, you can use help, the on-line help utility. In fact, you can use help to find out

4405.)

++

help

Return to exit.)

Help dir

++

help

of

commands for which help is available.

with

what

dir also can take an argument - the name

command?

of

the system, the root, is named "!". To see what it contains,

.shellbegin

dir and

I):

11

see the file names they left.

dir with the

.shellhistory

If

of

+a

option:

you want no help, just

the directory we want to

2-2

THE

++

dir

FIRST

/

TIME

(Here the system lists the files in "/".)

++

You need not be in a particular directory to give commands concerning files. You simply give the file's path name (the sequence the file components. The

system. boot in the directory "/" contains the operating system kernel in addition

info utility shows you the version number and copyright information about this

of

directories from"

j")

in front

of

the file name. For example,

to

other

fundamental file. Type:

++

info Tektronix Version

as

Kernel: Copyright Technical All

++

/system.boot

X.x

rights

4405

(C),

Systems

Operating

Released

YYYY,

reserved.

System

MMM

by

Consultants,

DD,

YYYY

Inc.

Other

Copyright

Tektronix,

All

rights

components:

(C),

YYYY,

Inc.

reserved.

by

When you don't specify a path name, you implicitly give the files the path

working directory,

in this case, the directory Ipublic. For example, create the following files:

++

create

++

crdir

++

dir

aDirectory

++

aFile

aDirectory

aFile

of

your current

you've created two files, both empty in the directory Ipublic. One, aFile, is just that - a file. The other, aDirectory, is a directory, a special file that contains other files. Let's use the

(lower case L) option to dir

++

dir aDirectory aFile

++

The fields in the directory listing (from left

1.

The name

of

the file.

+1

to

find out more about them. Type:

1 d

o

rwxrwx rw-rw-

to

right) are:

2 1

public public

12:00 12:01

Nov Nov

29,1985 29,1985

+ I

2.

The size

3.

The file type (d for directories, b for block devices, c for character devices, and blank for

files). The special file, aDirectory, has a

of

the file in 512 byte blocks

(1

for aDirectory 0 for aFile).

d for directory; aFile is a normal file (blank).

4. The pennissions for the file (rwxrwx for aDirectory, rw-rw- for aFile). The first three characters are the read, write, and execute permissions for the file's owner, the next three

4405

USERS

2-3

THE

FIRST

TIME

the pennissions for all others. See

Manual

5. A count

6.

The file's owner (user public).

7.

The time and date the file was created (or last modified).

for a complete explanation

of

how many other files are linked

perms

of

in the 4400 Series Operating System Reference

pennissions.

to

that file (2 for aDirectory and 1 for aFile).

MOVING AROUND IN THE DIRECTORY

Use the command directory).

chd with

you the name

++ ++

chd

to change your location in the directory structure (your current working

no

argument returns you to your home directory. The command

of

your current working directory:

path

/public

chd

aDirectory

path

/public/aDirectory

path

tells

If

you now create a file, newFiIe, it will have a path name IpubliclaDirectorylnewFile. To access this file from outside the directory directory

IpubliclaDirectory, then a

IpubliclaDirectory, you must give the path name

I,

and as the last element, the name

of

the file, newFile. Let's

of

the

try it and see.

++

create

++

dir

newFile

++

Notice that when you give a file option does. Now, to change directories

newFile

0

rw-rw-

as

an argument to dir, it returns the same information the

1

public

try

chd without an argument. It will get you back to

12:05

Nov

29,1985

+1

your home directory from wherever you might be. You can also combine more than one command on a single command line by separating them with a semicolon. Try that also:

++

chdipath

/public

++

Where's the file newFile

we

created a moment ago? Let's see:

2-4

++

dir

newFile

***

on

Error:

file

File

"newFile"

doesn't

++

It's

obviously not in the directory Ipublic. Let's

++

dir

/public/aDirectory/newFile

Nov

29,1985

++

exist.

try

the file's path name:

While

0

rw-rw-

Getting

1

THE

file

public

FIRST

status

12:05

TIME

The shell also contains a directory stack, a list to the directory

You are now in the directory back to the last stored; directory, use the command

Ibin and save your present directory, use the pushd command:

++

pushd /bin /bin

++

popd /public

++

path /public

/bin;path

/public

Ibin

with the directory Ipublic stored on the directory stack. To get

of

directories that you can move among. To move

popd:

SOME shell FEATURES

The interactive shell contains many capabilities to help you in your work. Let's look at a few them.

history

of

The shell keeps an ongoing record

(.

she llh is

commands to save yourself typing. To recall your previous commands, Type

were given earlier in this session, you see:

4405

USERS

to

ry

) gets updated when you log out

of

the last commands you've given it. This command file

of

the system. You can recall and edit these

history and,

if

you typed exactly the commands that

2-5

THE

FIRST

Obviously,

entered, press <Ctrl-P> (hold down the key marked

top

of

command. Each time you press <Ctrl-P> (or the top

TIME

++

history

1:

dir

2:

dir

+a

3:

help

4:

dir

5:

info

6:

create

7:

crdir

8:

dir

9:

dir

10:

11:

12: 13: 14:

15:

16:

17:

18: 19: 20: ++

if

you typed something else, your history will differ. To recall the last command you

help

/

/system.boot

aFile

aDirectory

+1 path chd

aDirectory path create dir

chd;path dir dir pushd popd path

newFile

newFile /public/aDirectory/newFile

/bin;path

Ctri and press the key marked P)

or

press the

the joydisk. The last command reappears with the cursor under the first character

of

the joydisk), the command line becomes

of

the

the previous history entry. To move the command line forward in your history, press <Ctrl-N>

of

(or the bottom

the joydisk). Move up and down in your history until the command line reads

path. Press Return, and the 4405 executes this command again:

++

path

/public

++

Try history again. You'll see an additional line:

++

history

1:

dir

18: 19:

20: 21:

pushd

popd

path

/bin;path

Notice that history doesn't get stored.

2-6

Command Line Editing

THE

FIRST

TIME

You can edit commands, whether you are

Let's

old ones.

1.

Press the top P»

2. Hold the top command stored. (The beeping history,)

3.

Step down through the commands with either <Ctrl-N> (joydown).

4. Move slight detour and look at some interesting features about recalling history:

a. Type the letters

b. Move

c. Move the cur&or one character to the left

d. Try moving through your history again. Now you

edit an old command.

of

the joydisk (we11 call that

several times. Notice how you step back through the commands.

of

the joydisk down (it automatically repeats) until you get to the earliest

down

until the command line is blank (at the bottom

cr

on

the command line, then stop.

up

and down through your recalled history with can

that you

create aFile

You

can

just

on

under

cursor

is

begins with

only recall three commands: create newFile, crdir aDirectory, and

in

addition to the cr you entered.

recall only those commands that match the characters to the left your

present line - those that begin with cr.

the r in cr.

c.

in

the process

actionjoyup -it

of

the bell tells you that

of

on

the command line (press <Ctrl-B>) so

entering new ones

Do

or

have retrieved

has the same effect as <Ctrl-

you've

or

of

can

exhausted

the bottom

your

history).

not press Return.

joyup

and joydown. Notice

retrieve any command that

your

of

the joydisk

Let's

stored

take a

of

the

it

5. Use joyup and joydown until the command line becomes:

++

crdir

6. Move the cursor around or

Joyleft

Put

7.

8.

Press the Back Space key to delete the a and replace key. two types several more ways to move the cursor then press key) moves the cursor left a word. <Ctrl-E> moves the cursor to the end and <Ctrl-A> moves the cursor to the beginning

9.

Press <Ctrl-E>. The cursor moves to the end

10.

Type in B and press Return.

<Ctrl-B>.

the cursor

At

this point,

of

F to move the cursor right one word. <Esc-B> (the same sequence with the B

++

crdir

on

the character

single character deletion:

aDirectory

on

the command line

Din

you've

nearly finished editing the command line. Notice that we have

It

looks like this:

directoryB

by

using using <Ctrl-F>

or

aDirectory and press <Ctrl-D> to delete the D.

it

with a lower case d by pressing the d

Back

Space and <Ctrl-D>. In addition, you have

on

the command line. Press and release the Esc key

of

the command line.

of

the word directory in the command line.

Joyright and

++

4405

USERS

2-7

THE

FIRST

TIME

You've command, and then executed the new command. You many cases,

it

command you

successfully retrieved a command, edited

it's

much faster to retrieve an old command and edit

than to type

in

a new command.

just

issued, type:

++

dir

aDirectory

To

aFile

it

see the results

directoryB

to make a new

11

find that,

of

the

in

++

Your

history is now:

++

history

1.

dir

When

22:

23:

you are editing a command line, should you want to enter a control character such as

crdir dir

directoryB

<Ctrl-P> rather than executing it, enter the quote character, <Ctrl-Q>, followed by the control character you want to insert. (We11 use this later with environment variables and

can

use

on

2-1 shows the moving commands you

the command line.

Table

2-1

alias.) Table

Moving Commands

Function Move

up

Move

down

Move

right

Move

left

Move

to

Move

to

Move

right

Move

left

one

line

one

line

one

character

one

character

end

of

line

beginning

one

word

one

word

of

Control and Escape <Ctrl-P>

<Ctrl-N> <Ctrl-F> <Ctrl-B> <Ctrl-E>

line

<Ctrl-A> <Esc-F> <Esc-B>

Keys

Joydlsk Equivalent! joyup

joydown joyright joyleft

Table 2-2 shows the commands for deleting characters, words, and the entire command line.

2-8

Table 2-2

Deleting Commands

THE

FIRST

TIME

Function Control

Delete character left

Delete character right Delete word left Delete word right Delete line to right Delete entire line

(Restore it

This discussion has covered a lot

if

of

and remove the files and directories

BackSpace <Ctrl-H> <Ctrl-D> <Esc-H> <Esc-D>

of

cursor

deleted)

<Ctrl-K> <Ctrl-U>

territory so far. You should probably clean up your directory

we've left there. To test your own understanding, remove

and

Escape Keys

the files and directories you created in /public. At this point, you should test your understanding (and get some command line editing practice) by observing the following restrictions:

• Remove all files and directories in /public one by one.

• Type the word remove on the command line, then press Return. the syntax

of

the remove command.

Yow

will see a prompt for

• Form the other commands by recalling remove from your history and edit the command line. Don't just type in your commands.

Don't forget help and the options

Hint:

to

remove.

The shell Environment

Your shell environment is the way in which the shell responds to your commands. You can change the environment in two ways: by setting environment variables and by aliasing commands.

Environment

The shell maintains a list

variables)

values. To see what these bindings are, type In response to set

are already set. Control characters are shown in

stands for the carriage return. the lower case versions are unshifted, while the upper case versions are shifted. Joydisk variables that begin with C are the control versions variables are obvious. The function keys are represented by

function keys are

4405

USERS

Variables

some

of

which are bound

or

env with no arguments, the 4405 displays a list

You've met some

FI

through F8. Defining these variables effectively programs these keys for

of

environment variables, (these are not the same

to

special keys

set

or

env.

or

functions and others that simply store

of

these earlier.

snoopy form; that is, the two-letter combination

as

Unix environment

environment variables that

of

You've seen the joydisk variables before. It should be obvious that

of

the variables. The ARROW and BREAK key

f1

through f12, while the shifted

C and R

2-9

THE

FIRST

TIME

you while you are executing the shell. PATH is the set

command, and

string, you have to enclose the string in single the first word

of

directories that the shell searches before deciding that

PROMPT is the string that it displays for the system prompt. (To put spaces in a

or

double quotes - otherwise the shell just takes

of

the string.) Let's change a few variables and see what happens.

++

PROMPT="public++

public++

public++ public++

public++ pubIic++

f5=dir

F5='dir

"

+al'

it

cannot recognize a

Notice that we didn't have to put quotes around dir, the defining string for f5, but did around the string for if

you want to do the function, <Ctrl-C> or <Ctrl-U>

F5

(shifted f5) as it contained a space. Now press function key

if

you don't.) Now try pressing function

f5.

(Follow with Return

key F5 (hold the shift key down and press f5). Notice that pressing the keys

bound to them, and that you have to press

It is also possible to put a string, we the quote character

can't

just press Return (that executes the command line). We use a pair

«Ctrl-Q»

f5

and F5 have the same effect

Return to execute the commands.

Return in the definition

of

key F5. Since we want the Return in the

as

typing in the commands you

of

characters,

followed by a lower-case n, to embed the character Return in the

defining string. It looks like this:

public++ pub

Ii

Type set to see the definition, then press F5 to To change

or

remove a shell environment variable definition, you can define it to something else

(it will overwrite the old definition)

public++ public++

c++

F5='dir

unset

+al<Ctrl-Q>n'<Return>

try

the programmed function.

or

you can use unset:

f5

Alternately, you can define the environment vairable to be null (F 5=) to remove an environment variable.

Aliases

In addition to environment variables, the shell maintains a list command line, the shell checks the first command against its alias list, and aliased, executes the underlying command. To see your list of aliases, type

Return.

Let's alias a command, then remove the alias.

of

aliases. When you enter a

if

the command is

alias followed by

2-10

THE

FIRST

TIME

public++

alias

showMe

'dir

+as'

public++

showMe

.home? .login .shellbegin .shellhistory

public++

unalias

showMe

public++

showMe:

showMe

command

not

found

public++

Like unset, you can use unalias with the +a option to remove all aliases from your shell.

You can use argument designators

to

extract arguments from commands. With environment

commands, the designators apply to the last command executed, while with aliases, they apply to

the current command line. To pass all the arguments to the basic command, let's alias

II and

accept all arguments to it.

public++

alias

11

'dir

+a

$*'

public++

Now, to see the contents

public++

Watch carefully as the system displays the directories

of

three directories in long form, type:

11

jete

/bin

.

of

fetc, fbin, and ., your current directory.

Saving Definitions

You can define environment variables and aliases in a text file, then use the set command to pass them

to the shell. To set your environment back to what you started with, type:

public++ ++

If

you look at your environment with set, you

used

unalias +a, any aliases you made still exist since they aren't mentioned in .shellbegin. The

shell sets the environment automatically from when it is subsequently invoked. You can edit and aliases you want to have whenever you work on the 4405.

The file

In

.shellhistory also saves your history, aliases and variables from one login to the next.

addition,

if

you have any other tasks you want to do every time you login, create a script (basically, just a list put that script in the file

set

.shellbegin

11

find that PROMPT has been reset.

.shellbegin when the shell starts up at login time or

.shellbegin to define any environment variables

of

commands in a text file - see the

.login.

If

you haven't

OfS

reference manual under script) and

4405

USERS

2-11

THE

FIRST

TIME

CONTROLLING THE TERMINAL EMULATOR

The 4405 communicates with you via a terminal emulator. This emulator is ANSI X3.61

of

compatible with some extensions. You can change some ANSI command sequences

or

by ussing the conset command.

ANSI Commands

You can issue ANSI commands to the terminal emulator via the echo command. For example, you can change the cursor from the default underline to a block by issuing the command:

++

echo

++

Where the <Ctrl-Q> tells the shell to accept the next character literally. See the 4400 Series Operating System Reference Manual under "Terminal Emulation" for details

of

the supported ANSI commands.

'<Ctrl-Q><Esc>

[>31h'

the operating attributes via either

Other Terminal Attributes

In addition to the ANSI attributes, the 4405 terminal emulator has a number

or

non-ANSI. These include options that allow you to enable

echoing, expansion

and other attributes. To invoke these attributes, use the conset command. (Conset without any

options displays the current state To see the full range

++

(the

++

To change from positive video (black letters on white background)

background), type:

To change back

to

++ ++

++

of

tabs, action

of

options, type:

help

negative video (white letters on black

conset

to

conset

con

set

help

message

-video

positive video, type:

+video

of

the

<Back Space> key, positive or negative video, fonts,

of

the terminal emulator.)

for

conset

appears)

disable raw mode, character

of

options that are

RS-232 Terminal Emulation

The 4405 supports an RS-232 port. To make the 4405 emulate an RS-232 terminal, connect the

RS-232 cable from the 4405 to a modem or computer port and give the command remote. The

remote command contains provisions for capturing text in a buffer, and a file transfer protocol

that can be invoked from a host computer. The source code for an example software is given in the file

2-12

Isampleslxfer.c. This code is suitable for use on a computer using the

of

the host computer

THE

FIRST

TIME

Unix operating system and is unsupported code. The

RS-232 port options, such as baud rates, flagging, stop bits, parity, and crs flagging, are set

by using the

commset command. Commset without any options shows the current state

of

the

RS-232 port.

ENDING THE SESSION

Experiment with the operating system commands. Read the O/S reference manual to get an idea

of

the commands that are available and how they work, then

stop.

type

++

stop

Don't

forget to shut the power off on both the MSU and the Display/CPU units.

try

them. When you are finished,

4405

USERS

2-13

USING THE 4405

INTRODUCTION

Section 3

At this point, you should have gone through the first-time user's exercise in Section have not done so yet, you should do so before proceeding.

of

This section covers normal day-to-day use

takes a broader look at the operating system and how it operates than was covered in Section

This discussion assumes that you have not logged in

and are performing routine tasks.

the 4405 from a user's standpoint. This discussion

as

user system, are logged in under public,

2.

If

you

2.

POWER ON AND SYSTEM BOOT

To start using your 4405, turn on the power switches on both the Display/CPU unit and the Mass

Storage Unit. The system then goes through a power-up self-test and initialization procedure, then logs in user

Although this procedure is fully automated, quite a lot happens during this short time. want

to

reconfigure the system,

used in this procedure.

public

POWER-UP SELF-TEST AND BOOT

When you first turn the power

ROM (read-only memory) located on the processor board. This program executes the power-up self test. It checks and initializes the main memory (RAM), the various interfaces, and then attempts

to

boot the system.

if

its password has not been set.

or

customize your environment, you can do so by altering files

Let's follow the boot process and see what happens.

on

to the Display/CPU unit, control goes

to

If

you

a program located in

The boot

system _4405 .boot is present on the winchester, the boot ROM attempts to load and execute

(The system also checks in various other places for boot files, discussion of

the boot file.

You can also put the 4405 into an interactive Section 5 in the discussion

ROM code looks for a file named system _4405 .boot on the winchester disk.

as

explained in Section

of

self-test.)

If

system _ 4405 .boot is not present, the 4405 asks you to enter the name

boot

from self-test. This option is also explained in

of

self-test.

If

the file

it.

5's

BOOTING THE SYSTEM

When system _4405 .boot executes, diagnostics on the file structure. It looks for telltale signs that the system had not been shut down cleanly, and thorough analysis executes in the verbose mode) prints messages on the screen to let you know what it is doing.

Diskrepair may shut down the system and ask you

substantial repairs.

If

the system had been shut down cleanly (or

needing to shut the system down) the

4405

USERS

if

it finds them, it executes a system utility called diskrepair. Diskrepair makes a

of

the disk file structure and repairs any defects it finds. It also (since it

it

loads the operating system kernel and performs some

to

reboot (press the Reset button)

if

diskrepair was able

4405 then begins the login process for user public.

to

repair the disk without

if

it makes

3-1

USING

THE

4405

THE LOGIN PROCESS

CHECKING THE PASSWORD FILE

The 4405 begins the login process by first checking in the file /etC/log/password to see user-name (public on power-up/reset

name is valid and the name has no password associated with it, the system logs the user in. If

the user-name is not valid, a password. (No password will be acceptable for an invalid user-name.) password are valid, the

To login from another user name, issue the command login followed by the user name to login under:

login

<user

or

4405 then logs in the user.

name>

or

the user-name from a login prompt) is valid.

if

the user has set a password, the 4405 then prompts the user for

If

the user-name and

If

the user

if

the

USER INITIALIZATION

On bootup,

/public/.login. The default version

you want Next, the interactive shell reads its own initialization files,

your shell environment This file sets up environment variables, aliases, and restores your history. Finally, the shell issues you a prompt and you are ready to begin.

If

you login under another user-name, the 4405 looks for the file .login, and the shell looks for the

.shellbegin in your home directory.

file

or

if

you login with the user-name public, the 4405 runs the shell script

of

this script is empty - you can enter whatever commands

script to execute every time you login.

.shellbegin and .shellhistory, to define

SETTING PASSWORDS

You can set the password

command followed by a <Return>, and the system will prompt you for a password. After you

type it, the system prompts you to type it again, then sets the password for your user-name. the user logged in as system can set passwords for others. person logged in forgotten password can be removed with a utility on the DISKREPAIR diskette (see Section 5,

Recovery

and

as

Rebuild for information on this utility.)

of

your home directory with the password command. Simply type the

system can change your password.

If

you forget your password as a user, a

If

you forget the password for system, the

Only

STOPPING THE SYSTEM

3-2

STOP

USING

THE

4405

Whenever possible,

of

backup strategy, see Section 3, Software Maintenance.

The

command to issue

the system gracefully;

background processes, and completes other housekeeping that is necessary to gracefully shut the

system down.

The

syntax

of

you

should back

when

you want to shut

it

flushes the contents

this command is simply:

up

your files before stopping the system.

down

the 4405 is stop. This

of

buffers to disks, closes

For

command

open

files, terminates

a discussion

terminates

stop

The

4405 maintains several files and buffers while it is running.

of

gracefully, some not

contain correct information.

these files may exist after shut-down, and some

If

the system is

of

the files it maintains may

not

shut down

WARNING

In

extreme cases, simply turning

pressing the reset button

may

off

the power

or

damage the file structure to the point that the system is no longer usable. To l!revent this, it is essential to stop the

off

system gracefully before turning

the power. I

POWER OFF

After

you

issue the command stop, the system begins the shutdown process.

take a few moments.

Wait. After a few more moments (the time depends

of

background processes to shut down, and other housekeeping

jobs) the system gives

...

At

this point,

it

is safe to

you

the message:

System

tum

shutdown

off

the power to both the

complete

on

the

number

...

MSU

and the Display/CPU.

THE OPERATING SYSTEM AND UTILITIES

OVERVIEW

The

4400 Series Operating system consists

operations. Most commands and utilities are stored

kernel does not deal directly with the

user

input matches a file found

for commands), the kernel loads and executes that file

user

in

the search path (the sequence

of

- the

a small kernel that

in

the file system. As a point

user

interface is via a utility called shell.

of

directories the shell searches

if

it is

an

executable file,

This

procedure may

can

execute a number

or

executes it via

of

fact, the

If

of

the

4405

USERS

3-3

USING

THE

4405

another utility called script

shell is stored in the environment variable PATH. You can view the shell's search path by

issuing the command:

++

env

The two utilities, shell and script, do not follow the same search path. The path in shell is set by

the string argument

command.

to learn more about its search path.

See the discussion in the 4400 Series Operating System Reference Manual on script

to the environment variable PATH, and that in script is set via a built-in

if

$PATH

it

is a text file with the proper permissions. The search path for

COMMANDS AND COMMAND SYNTAX

The general form

file containing the command followed by a carriage return. In addition, most commands take

options

action

4400 Series Operating System Reference Manual gives a full listing

and arguments to each

or

switches (sequences

of

the command, and some may require arguments or parameters to the command. The

Options

Most options are introduced by the plus (+) character immediately before the option character. When a command has more than one single-character option, you can put multiple option characters together on one line following the

of

a 4400 Series Operating system command

of

characters, usually preceded by a '

of

the operating system commands and utilities.

"+".

or

utility is just the name

+'

character) that modify the

of

the options, parameters,

of

the

For example (ignoring arguments for now), the command dir takes several extensions - a, b, f,

1,

r, s, t, and want to see a directory extension

If

you want to do both (show all the files, including the

invisible files, one per line), the command

(or alternatively)

Arguments

Although there is a subtle difference between the terms "arguments" and "parameters," they are often used interchangeably Arguments usually take on a default value supply parameters.

For example, the command argument, and defaults

perms, on the other hand, prompts you with an abbreviated syntax line

parameters.

S.

These commands alter the format in which dir displays the directory.

of

normally invisible files (those that begin

+a.

If

you want the directory to print the files one per line, add the extension

is:

dir

+as

dir

+a

+s

and

Parameters

to refer to the additional information needed by a command.

if

you omit them, but the system will require you

chd (the command to change directories) takes a directory name

to

your home directory

if

you do not supply the argument. The command

with"."),

if

you add the

+s.

you omit the

If

you

as

d,

its

to

3-4

USING

THE

4405

Options

Some options take arguments, such as the w option (wait) for the status command. When an option takes argument (other than its default), the option that takes the argument must be the last option in the option string (the sequence argument must have a commands can contain only one option string, while others may have multiple strings.

For example, to display the system status you can use the status every 30 seconds, you can use the command:

To display more information, you could use:

(or one

...

That

status

of

the equivalents)

status status status

etc.

Take

status

+alsxw=30 +w=30

+al +a

Arguments

of

characters following the "+"). The option taking an

"=" immediately behind it, followed by the argument value. Some

status command. To display the system

+w=30

+alsx

+sx

+w=30

+1 +sxw=30

MANUAL SYNTAX CONVENTIONS

Throughout this manual and the other manuals for the 4400 Series products, the following syntax conventions apply:

• Words standing alone by the system and should be typed exactly

on

the command line are keywords. They are the words recognized

as

shown.

• Words enclosed by angle brackets ("<" and ">") enclose descriptions that you must replace with a specific argument. essential part

of

the command line. For example, in the line:

adduser

you must specify the name In addition, specific keyboard keys for you

example, <Return> means "press the key on the keyboard marked 'Return,' while <Ctrl-C> means "hold down the key on the keyboard marked both."

•

If

the word "list" appears

the type described in the term, separated by spaces. For example:

<file

consists

• Words omit these words or expressions

of

a series (one

or

expressions surrounded by square brackets ("[" and "]") are optional. You may

<user

name

or

If

an expression is enclosed only in angle brackets,

name>

of

the

as

user in place

part

of

a term, that term consists

of

the expression <user_name>.

to

press are shown in angle brackets. For

'Ctrl', press 'c' and release them

of

one

or

list>

more)

of

file names separated by spaces.

if

you wish.

more elements

FILE STRUCTURE

The 4400 Series file system is a tree-structured hierarchy. Entries are files, some

of

directories. File identifiers consist fundamental directory

of

the hierarchy, continuing through each subdirectory to the actual file

a path name, the sequence

of

files beginning at the root,

name.

of

which are

it

is

an

of

or

4405

USERS

3-5

USING THE 4405

The file name is the identifier for a file in a particular directory. The path name is the chain directories that enables you to find a particular file in the entire directory structure. The full

of

name

a file is the path name

of

its directory with the file name after a separating "!" character.

of

Directory Contents - dir

The dir command lists the contents directory it takes lists the contents a directory, use the

For example, let's look at the directory

The system shows the directory entries, one per line. Following the name field is a number (the

file size in 512 byte blocks), then in some files a single character (when this character is a

file is a subdirectory), the

the date associated with the file. Each directory contains two "relative" subdirectories. The first (.) refers to the directory itself.

The second (..) refers invisible; to see these files, use the

You can use the "." and " down a directory tree, you could see the contents command:

dir

as

a default,

of

the directories you give as the arguments. To identify directory entries within

dir command with the option

f

+1

link count, permissions associated with the file, the file's owner, and

to

the parent

..

" designations from any working directory. For example,

of

a directory. Without an argument, it lists the contents

or

your current working directory; with one

+1.

of

"/", the root directory. Give the command:

of

that

+a

option.)

direct~ry.

(Files beginning with a period are normally

of

the grandparent

or

more arguments, it

if

you were

of

your directory with the

d,

of

the

dir

..

f

..

Moving Around The Directory Tree

When you login your entry in the password file / of

your current working directory

3-10

on

a floppy disk.

of

a disk system. (See Section 5, Recovery and

free

USING

THE

4405

List the amount

of

free space

on

a disk.

restore

Restore files from a backup format floppy disk.

COMMAND EXECUTION

echo

Display arguments to this command.

int

Send an interrupt to a task. (Used to kill background jobs.)

jobs

List infonnation about the user's background tasks.

script

Command language used to execute commands from a text file.

shell

Interactive system command language.

wait

Wait for background jobs to complete.

COMMUNICATIONS

commset

Examine

conset

Examine

or

modify parameters for the communications

or

modify parameters for the console (display and keyboard).

port.

4405

USERS

3-11

USING

THE

4405

remote

Connect through the communications port to a host computer.

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

asm

The relocating assembler.

CC

The 'c' compiler.

debug

General purpose debugger.

headset

Modify task parameters in an executable file.

libgen

Generate a library file.

libinfo

List information about a library file.

load

Linking loader to produce object files.

smalltalk

Run the Smalltalk-80 interpreter and environment.

strip

Remove symbols from an executable file.

relinfo

List relocation information in an object file.

3-12

update

USING THE 4405

Execute commands based on dependencies

in

a makefile.

440SUSERS

3-13

Section 4

SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE

INTRODUCTION

As in any other complex software system, the 4405 requires software maintenance.

of

sale user by a system manager.

term might slip in here and there), but to think as

simply the user system. The person who is logged in under system has more power and much

greater responsibility for keeping the system running than someone logged in under This section discusses the responsibilities and privileges that the user logged in under system

must be aware of. Many utilities will allow only the

f etc, are the maintenance tools that user system uses to repair the disk structure, add and delete

user accounts, and other system housekeeping chores. Most or

inappropriate for indiscriminate use.

You should be confident

you log in under

safely.

your system, you must perform these tasks, which on a larger system are done for you

We

prefer not to use the term system manager with the 4405 (although the

of

the person

system user to invoke them. These utilities, kept in directory

of

your command

system. Many utilities and procedures require knowledge and skill to use them

of

the operating system

or

persons who perform these duties

of

these utilities are either dangerous

as

a user under public before

If

you are the

public.

CAUTION

system has very

User

As

system, in directory

operating system by simply typing

few

sa[e$uards against accidents.

'/',

you can destroy the

"remove * +k".

THE FACTORY CONFIGURATION

As

supplied from the factory, the 4405 is ready to plug in and run. Two user accounts, the general user password. Either user can set its own password, and need not set passwords for either account unless you feel that protection is necessary.

The general user utilities are contained in directory

directory accounts and You can change the search path by changing the shell environment variable PATH. To see the current search path, type:

To add or remove search paths, you can change the environment variable PATH via the set

command

4405 USERS

public and the housekeeping user system are predefined. Neither account has a

system can set a password for public. You

fbin and the system utilities are contained in

fetc. User public and any other general user accounts will search only their home

fbin for command names. User system will also search fetc for command names.

++

echo

(the

or

use addpath and rmpath. An example

$PATH

system

responds

with

the

of

current

using

search

set

is given later in this section.

path)

4-1

SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE

USER public

If

you are the only person using the 4405, you should do most

public. This is the normal

wide devastation with a few accidental keystrokes. You have the full resources available, and are protected only against destroying another's files

If

utilities. using different similar to those

several persons are using the system, each with

user

names to organize your work, each

of

user

public.

mode

of

operation -- you are protected against causing system-

of

these general users will have privileges

File Protection and Ownership

an

individual

of

your work logged into user

or

using potentially destructive

user

name,

of

the system

or

if

you

are

You are the on

these files (and no others) with the

on

the system, each allow directory.

owner

or

deny access to

User system can override

of

all files that you create as a particular user.

user

can allow

perms

or

deny access to his

your

directories by allowing

or

change these permissions.

command.

Passwords

You can specify inhibits anyone from logging into change does not warrant using passwords.

If

or

you forget your password, it can by changed by

delete

or

change a password for

your

password. You

your

user name by using the

account unless they know the password. User system can

can

leave the password

user

system using the pasSl-v'ord command.

Backing up User Files

You should (depending upon your system organization) doing so, you reduce the possibility entire file structure each time; by using the

new

or

changed since the last backup (incremental backup).

To

perform

1.

an

Move to

incremental backup:

your

home directory. Type:

of

losing large amounts

+t

option you

You

can change the permissions

If

more than one public level

or

her

owned files via perms. You can

or

denying x (execute) permission to a

password

off

your

account

back

up

your

own

files frequently. By

of

work. You need not

can

simply backup the files that are

user

command. This

if

your

situation

back

up

exists

your

chd

(The backup process is relative. under

the directory in which you are currently working.)

2. Backup

(See the backup command in the 4400 Series Operating System Reference explanation

3.

When

be quite large and consist

4-2

your

files. Type:

backup

of

the options.)

prompted, type the volume name

+dtA

of

If

you are not

of

more than one word.)

in

the first backup diskette. (The volume name can

your home directory, it will backup files

Manual

for an

4.

Insert a fotmatted diskette diskettes, you can type diskette before using it.

5.

Insert subsequent diskettes until the backup set is complete. previously used set the last backup.

II

you are a smalltalk user, changes file, be sure to back up the delalt changes file. To type:

of

as

prompted by the system. (If you have not fotmatted your

1<

Return> instead

You may fotmat subsequent diskettes in the same way.)

diskettes, backup will only write those files newer than the date

NOTE

and

have not created your own personal

of

<Return>, and the system will fotmat the

SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE

If

you are backing up on a

of

do so,

backup

backup will use all the storage space on a diskette, breaking long files across diskettes. When

restore files from a backup set, they will be in the same relative position they were in when

you they were saved. alternately. In this way, backup set.

You should label your backup diskettes in sequential order. could lose some data.

It is your responsibility to back up your files.

own hands. Should the hard disk system be damaged, a current set

you recover your files up to the point

Series systems by backing up only the files you want to exchange, then restore the backups onto the other system.

A

Suggestion

To prevent errors and reduce typing you might find it useful to put your backup procedure into a

file and keep it in a personal command directory. As an example, let's see how a user

script called sams (who changed his prompt to comments in parenthesis aren't to be typed in, they just explain what the commands do.)

First, user sams creates his personal command directory

personal utilities.

You should maintain at least two sets

if

you damage one set, you can restore some

+

dl

/smalltalk/system/*Changes*

of

backup diskettes, using them

of

your files from the older

If

you get them out

You have the safekeeping

of

backup. You can also exchange files with other 4400

Sams+ + in his .shellbegin file) would do so. (The

/sams/bin to contain this and any other

of

backup diskettes will let

of

order, you

your work in your

++login

Password:

Sams++

Now he creates a empty file and gives himself execute (u+x) permission.

4405

USERS

sams

crdir

bin

(Sam (This

types

will

his be

password

his

command

here)

directory)

4-3

SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE

Sams++ Sams++ Sams++

5-10

Figure 5-1. Non-Destructive System Rebuild Procedure.

STEP 1 DISKREPAIR

RECOVERY

Non-destructive

System

AND

Rebuild

REBUILD

Procedure

The first step in rebuilding a non-bootable system

repair the directory structure

bootable diskette that contains utilities that will allow you to inspect the hard disk system and a

of

copy

the possible choices available when you have successfully booted aDISKREPAIR system.

The

primitive shell, and looks for its utilities on the floppy. Due to space limitations, contain all the functionality logged in

To boot your DISKREP AIR system:

the diskrepair utility to rebuild a damaged directory structure. Figure 5-2 shows some

DISKREP AIR system is a floppy-based system. It is based on the floppy, runs a more

as

user system.

if

it has become corrupted. Your DISKREP AIR diskette

of

the full system. When you boot the DISKREP AIR system, you are

is

to

detennine how badly

it

is damaged, and

it

does not

to

is

of

A - Boot the DISKREPAIR Diskette

1.

Insert the DISKREP AIR diskette into the floppy disk drive and power on the system.

2.

Invoke the Interactive Boot/Self-Test Menu. You can either:

A.

Press and release the Reset Button twice. Hold the Reset Button down briefly each

of

time. The Reset Button is located on the rear panel

B. Hold the left

screen clears and the machine

3. When the Interactive Boot/Self Test Menu appears, press function key Menu).

Shift key down and press the Break key for several seconds after the

type (Tektronix 4405) appears.

the Display/CPU unit.

f1

(Interactive

a

4. When the from Floppy).

5. Wait for the system to successfully boot from the floppy disk. (This takes about a minute.)

If

the DISKREPAIR diskette will not boot, it indicates that either the

damaged, To isolate the problem further, attempt to boot your

will not boot, you have hardware problems. Recheck your cables and tenninator, and attempt boot again.

If

your SYSREFORMAT diskette boots, this indicates that your DISKREPAIR diskette is

damaged. Contact your local Tektronix sales representative for assistance in replacing

Interactive

or

that you have hardware problems with your system.

If

the problem persists, contact your local Tektronix service representative.

Boot

Menu appears, press function key f2 (Boot system_ 4405.boot

DISK

SYSREFORMAT diskette.

REPAIR diskette is

If

this diskette

it.

to

4405

USERS

5-11

RECOVERY

AND

Non-destructive

REBUILD

System

Rebuild

Procedure

restore

Operating

System Files

type:

restoreOS

restore

Operating restore

System Kernel 'C' Files

type: type:

restoreK restoreC

restore

Smalltalk-80

Interpreter

type:

restoreSTl

restore

Smalltalk-80

System Files

type:

restoreSTS

restore

Smalltalk-80

Demo Files

type:

restore STD

5-12

Figure 5-2.

Step

1.

Using DISKREPAIR.

B -

When

Mount

the DISK

Non-destructive

the

Hard

REP

Disk

AIR system returns with the ++ prompt, type:

RECOVERY

System

Rebuild

AND

REBUILD

Procedure

mount

If

the hard disk mounts successfully, this indicates that the directory structure intact. marked

C -

If

repair it, type:

The

Operating

If

on you should boot the system

diskrepair cannot repair

system rebuild.

o -

When access to any undamaged the DISKREP AIR diskette. You can use some on not inspect the hard disk files

You can inspect files

D

-Inspect

Run

dislcrepair

the hard disk does not mount, the directory structure

diskrepair

+v option to diskrepair causes the program to inform you

System Reference Manual for details).

diskrepair terminates nonnally (it returns you to the ++ prompt with no warning messages), go

to the next step.

Inspect

you have successfully mounted the hard disk, you are running as system and have full

absolute path names such as backup) to inspect the hard disk directories and files. You need

/dev/disk

on

Your Hard Disk Files.

/dev/disk

If

diskrepair exits with warning messages,

if

the

hard disk, your data is most likely lost. You must do a complete

Your

Hard

Disk

flIes and utilities that reside

if

you already know what file sets you will be restoring.

/disk

on

the hard disk is

the hard disk without attempting to repair it.

on

the hard disk has been damaged.

+v

of

its progress (see the 4400 Series

or

shuts the system down, then

necessary and run diskrepair again. If, after several tries,

Go

to the step

Files

on

the hard disk as well as

of

the hard disk utilities (but not those dependent

the

utilities

To

on

When

you are running from your DISKREPAIR system, the root

of

floppy drive, while the root the full path name (starting from Idisk) For

example, Idisklbinl<utility>. Alternatively, you could change your working directory to Idisklbin (to put the utility reference.

The following examples show two ways to move files from one user

You can sometimes diagnose the hard disk booting problem structure. Example 5-1 shows the files and permissions that must

boot

(Use dir +adl from I to find them).

440S

USERS

if

you want to use a utility found

in your search path), but must still remember to type the full name

/disk/bin/copy

chd

/disk/bin

copy

/disk/firstuser/filea

the hard disk is at Idisk.

of

the utility you want to use

in

/disk/firstuser/filea

To

!bin

on

/disk/seconduser/filea

of

the directory tree is

access hard disk files, you must type

or

file you want to reference.

the standard system, you must type

of

on

the hard disk to another.

/disk/seconduser/filea

by

inspecting the hard disk file

be

present for a disk system to

on

the

the files you

5-13

RECOVERY AND

Non-destructil1e

System

REBUIW

Rebuild

Procedure

5-14

Example

5-1.

Minimum Bootable System.

NOTE

In the directory ldiskldev, the files ldiskldev/console

Idiskldev/ttyOO

Idiskldevlswap. In addition, the file Idisklpublic/.shellhistory can prevent booting

new file

of

are linked together, as are Idiskldevldisk and

if it is corrupted. (You can remove it and create a

0 length

if

you suspect this.)

and

Non-destructive System Rebuild

E - Unmount the Hard Disk and Stop the System

To unmount the hard disk and stop the system, type:

RECOVERY

AND

REBUILD

Procedure

unmount stop

If

you current working directory is on Idisk, the system will respond with the message

busy."

STEP 2.

Boot your "SYSREFORMA T" diskette with the same procedure you used with your "DISKREPAIR" diskette.

When you get the

The executable script file copyOS creates the necessary skeletal directory structure needed on the hard disk, then copies vital system files to the hard disk. These files can later "SYSINST restore the bootable hard disk system.

When copyOS is finished, the script shuts the system down and prompts you to perform the next step.

Use chdto get back to "I", then stop.

COpy

copyOS

ALL"

/dev/disk

"device

THE OPERATING SYSTEM FILE STRUCTURE

++

system prompt, type:

be used with the

diskette to create a hybrid system that frees the floppy drive and allows you to

STEP 3. RESTORE THE SYSTEM FILES.

Following the same boot procedure, boot your" SYSINST ALL" diskette. The SYSINST

memory. The actual scripts for restoring files diskette - but could not run from the floppy based operating system, in the drive. A system_4405.boot file on the hard disk would be an image system on the order to run.

The

SYSINSTALL diskette contains a backuplrestore program in case the hard disk version is

inoperable. The restoreOS script mounts the SYSINSTALL diskette and copies the backuplrestore utility to the hard disk, then runs it in restore mode. system and the partition restoring scripts fail, you should manually move this utility to the hard disk. To do so, you must be logged in drive, and type:

The operating system that this boot procedure brings up allows the use

you can restore the standard files to bring the system up choices available when restoring files.

ALL

diskette loads a

SYSREFORMAT diskette, and would require a floppy in the drive at all times in

++ ++

mount

copy unmount

/dev/floppy

/floppy/gen/system/backup

/dev/floppy

hard

disk based operating system kernel into the system's

caine (via copyOS) from the SYSREFORMAT

as

it requires a floppy disk

of

the floppy based

If

you are trying

as

system, have the SYSINST

/floppy

to

full function. Figure 5-3 shows the

/gen/system

to

partially restore the

ALL

diskette in the floppy

+lop

of

Idev/floppy - thus

4405

USERS

5-15

RECOVERY

AND

REBUILD

Non-destructive System Rebu':ld Procedure

5-16

Figure 5-3. Step 3. Restore Files.

Non-destructive

NOTE

To use the "SYSINSTALL" scripts, you should be logged in as user "system".

bootable hard disk system, login as

root directory.

When you get the system prompt, you have several choices:

1.

If

you want to restore the complete set

If

you want to try these scripts from a damaged, but

"system" and work from the

of

system files, type:

fileRestore

RECOVERY

System

Rebuild

AND

REBUILD

Procedure

The script, fileRestore, prompts you to insert each diskette

system files. Follow the prompts, and when the script is complete your system will bootable from the hard disk.

2.

If

you want to restore only the operating system files, type:

of

the six sets

of

restoreOS

This script prompts you to insert the diskettes from the set utilities diskettes. When this script completes, you can either copy another group stop the system.

3.

If

you want to restore only the operating system kernel, type:

of

standard operating system

restoreK

This script prompts you to insert the standard operating system kernel diskette. When this

of

files

or

script completes, you can either copy another group

4.

If

you want to restore only the 'c' environment and graphics library, type:

stop the system.

restoreC

This script prompts you to insert the diskettes from the set diskettes. When this script completes, you can either copy another group the system.

If

you want to restore only the Smallta1k-80 interpreter, type:

5.

of

standard 'c' environment

of

files

restoreSTI

standard

of

files

or

stop

be

or

This script prompts you to insert the standard Smalltalk-80 interpreter diskette. When this

of

files

or

script completes, you can either copy another group

6.

If

you want to restore only the Smalltalk-80 standard system files, type:

stop the system.

restoreSTS

This script prompts you to insert the diskettes from the set diskettes. When this script completes, you can either copy another group the system.

4405

USERS

of

standard Smalltalk-80 system

of

files

or

stop

5-17

RECOVERY

AND

REBUILD

Non-destructive System Rebuild

This script overwrites the default standard changes file. See the discussion in Section backing

7.

If

you want to restore only the Smalltalk-80 demo files, type:

up

the default changes file.

restoreSTD

Procedure

NOTE

4, Software Maintenance about

This script prompts you to insert the diskettes from the set When this script completes, you can either copy another group

The partial file restore scripts leave copies

type:

remove

++ ++

stop

(If you use the fileRestore script, it removes these files and stops the system for you.)

/restore*

of

the scripts on the hard disk. To remove them,

/fileRestore

of

Smalltalk-80 demo diskettes.

of

files

or

stop

th~

system.

STEP 4. RESTORE THE PASSWORD FILE

Your hard disk should now have a bootable system on it. Boot the system from the hard disk by pressing the reset switch once. When the prompt appears, you are in a standard system logged in as

user"

public" .

Login as system.

not have an owner name associated with them. (The operating system obtains

for files from the password file, and this file has been replaced.) The

or

damaged) to the name password.

only

Inspect the contents

"system" (you

If

you use the

won't

+1

need a password) and inspect the files remaining from the last

option to the dir command, you will notice that some retained files may

copyOS and restoreOS utilities copy the existing password file (assuming it

bale,

then copy in the distribution password file that contains

system and public. type:

sys++ sys++ password sys++ list

(

...

sys++

chd

Jete/log

dir

password.bak

contents

of

the backup password file.

of

old

password

If

everything is fine, type:

file)

the

owner name

has

not been lost

sys++

You should now have your original password file on the system.

If

the password.bak file is missing

file in your incremental system backup diskettes. To find the diskette containing this file, type:

restore

5-18

rename

+C

password.bak

or

damaged, you should have a copy

password

of

the current password

The

system will display the files on each

will appear as:

RECOVERY

Non-destructive System Rebuild

of

the diskettes as you insert them.

AND

REBUILD

Procedure

The

password file

"Directory

password

When you locate the password file, you can abort from the restore utility by typing a <Ctrl-C>. To

restore it, insert the disk and type:

restore

If

this diskette is not the first in your backup set, you will get a message from restore indicating

that this is the wrong volume the password file will be restored.

/ete/log"

...

(permissions,

+1

jete/log/password

of

the backup set, asking

owner,

if

etc)

you want to proceed. Answer

"y"

and

CAUTION

Be sure you are restoring the file from / etc/ log/password and not the utility from /bin/password.

file

is incorrect, the system will not boot.

Alternatively, you can use the were assigned. The utility creates the user)

if

you know the order

adduser utility to rebuild the file by adding users

if

it finds one.

in

which the users appeared in the original password file,

adduser checks for files under that user name and complains (but

If

the password

in

the same order

in

which they

CAUTION

File ownership is determined by user number. create users originally created, you will have a case

in a different order than they were

of

If

you

massive file

ownership confusion to sort out.

A final alternative is to directly edit the password file (examine a working password file before

of

attempting this) and manually enter the fields. Either

of

contents until either you set them while logged in as user again.

the original password file, and that users' accounts remain unprotected by passwords

system,

these options requires that you know the

or

the user sets his

or

her

own password

COMPLETE SYSTEM REBUILD PROCEDURE

OVERVIEW

Rebuilding a complex software system from scratch is not a trivial task. However, the procedure has been automated considerably . system that perfonns two tasks, it fonnats the winchester disk, then installs a minimum system

(without the

OIS

kernel) on the hard disk. Next, you boot another simplified system that is a hard

You first boot a simplified system from a flexible disk - a

4405

USERS

5-19

RECOVERY

Complete

disk resident system. It moves the backup/restore utility to the hard disk, then restores the entire system from the system backups. The final rebuild step is made after the last full system backup. These steps are treated in detail for the remainder discussion.

AND

REBUILD

System Rebuild

Procedure

to

restore any user's files that were

of

this

STEP 1 - FORMAT THE WINCHESTER WITH SYSREFORMAT

CAUTION

Verify that the serial number on your SYSREFORMAT diskette matches the serial number under the front cover). Each contains badblock formatting information for one and only one hard disk. Using the wrong disk can create an unreliable or unusable system. verify that the serial number is correct:

1.

Be sure that the power is

of

the MSU (located

SYSREFORMAT disk

SYSREFORMAT

off

to the MSU.

To

2. Grasp the front bezel and

pull

it

STRAIGHT shaft easy to break

3. Once clear

of

the power switch - it's very fragile and

off)

of

the switch shaft, look for the serial number. Try not to remove the connector LED.

just

4.

Compare the serial number on the

(If

you put it back wrong, it won't ruin it, it

won't glow.)

SYSREFORMAT diskette

of

the MSU in both hands

forward. (This exposes the

to

the

to

that

of

the MSU.

If

they don't match, don't use "physicalF ormat."

To format the hard disk, you must boot the minimal system contained on

SYSREFORMAT. This disk contains enough

ways:

• Logical format - a procedure that erases all the data and file structure information on the disk, but does not physically reformat the disk.

• Physical format with defect list - a procedure that physically erases and reformats the disk. Formatting information is taken from a file winchester it was made for.

• Physical format from keyboard - a physical format that requires the user to manually enter the formatting information. This information is marked on the body disk and is not normally available after replacing a winchester disk.

of

a system

to

the user. This procedure is used by a service person

to

format the winchester in one

on

the floppy disk that is specific

L'ie

disk marked

of

the winchester

of

three

to

the

When you must rebuild your system, first the physical format does not work, the winchester disk may be defective. contact your local Tektronix Field Service office for servicing.

5-20

try

a logical format, then a physical format from file.

If

this should happen,

If

RECOVERY

Complete

System

AND

Rebuild

REBUILD

Procedure

A - Boot the

1.

Insert the SYSREFORMAT diskette into the floppy disk drive and power

2. Invoke the A. Press and release the Reset Button twice.

B. Hold the left

3.

When Menu).

4.

When

from Floppy).

Wait

5.

SYSREFORMAT

Interactive Boot/Self-Test Menu.

time.

The

Reset Button is located

Shift key down and press and hold the Break key for several seconds

after the screen clears and the machine type

the Interactive Boot/Self Test Menu appears, press function key

the Interactive Boot Menu appears, press function key f2 (Boot system_ 4405.boot

for the system to successfully boot from the floppy disk. (This takes about a minute.)

Diskette

on

You

can

either:

Hold

the Reset Button

the rear panel

(Tektronix 4405) appears.

of

B - Format the Hard Disk

Logical Format.

deterimine the disk size and 45

Mb

hard disk with a 8

++ ++

If

this is your first attempt, logically format the hard disk.

swap

space you are using.

Mb

swap space, type:

logicalFormat-45-8

For

example,

on

the system.

down

briefly each

the Display/CPU unit.

f1

(Interactive

To

if

you are formatting a

do so,

Physical Format.

format the disk.

If

you have already attempted an unsuccessful logical format, physically

CAUTION

Be

sure that

one

for

your

SYSREFORMAT diskette is the correct

your

hard disk drive. Remove the diskette

and check the serial number against the serial number on the MSU.

Deterimine the size of

swap space, type:

The

physical format will take five to ten minutes to complete. Do not disturb the system while it

is formatting. Remove the

message appears.

If

they do not match, do

of

the disk and swap space you are using.

++

physicalFormat-45-8

++

SYSREFORMAT disk when the following

n

•••

System

shutdown

NOT

complete

proceed.

"

To

format a 45

Mb

disk with 8 Mb

4405

USERS

5-21

RECOVERY

Complete

AND

System

REBUILD

Rebuild

Procedure

STEP 2 - RESTORE THE SYSTEM WITH THE SYSINSTALL DISK

A - Boot the

The

SYSINST

software. To boot this disk, simply:

1.

Insert the SYSINSTALL diskette into the floppy disk drive and power

2.

Press and release the Reset Button twice. Hold the Reset Button down briefly each time.

The Reset Button is located

3. When the Interactive Boot/Self Test Menu appears, press function key

Menu).

4. When the from Floppy). -

5. Wait for the system to successfully boot from the floppy. (This takes about a minute.)

SYSINST

AIL

disk contains a minimal bootable operating system that can restore

Interactive Boot Menu appears, press function key f2 (Boot system 4405.boot

ALL

Disk

on

the rear panel

of

the Display/CPU

on

unit

your

the system.

f1

(Interactive

system

B - Restore Flies from Your System Backups

You

now have a system that was booted from the floppy disk and is running from the hard disk. This system is capable made (as advised To

restore

your

system, type:

++

Now, relax and wait a few minutes. During this time, the backup program is moved to the hard

thenfileRestore invokes restore to install the first partition

disk,

of

reading the system software, either from a complete system backup you

in

Section 4)

fileRestore

or

from the set

of

backup diskettes you received with

of

the system.

your

system.

When

the

system prompts you with the message:

"Insert

Remove the SYSINST diskettes. Press the that diskette.

As each diskette is restored to the system, the system will prompt you to insert the next disk with the message:

"Insert

After each group diskettes. effect

When

Return key, and

files has been restored, the system will prompt you to insert the next group

the

system restoration is complete, the system will return a message to that

volume

disk and insert the first disk

volume

--

Hit

C/R

if

everything is correct, the system will restore the files from

--

Hit

C/R

to

C - Stop the System and Reboot

The

JileRestore script automatically shuts down the system when

message:

"

...

System

appears, you can reboot by simply pressing the Reset Button. go through a normal boot-up sequence, run

shutdown

complete

diskrepair (to verify the file structure), do a CRC

...

continue:"

of

your standard operating system

continue:"

it

has completed. When the

"

On

the first reboot, the system will

of

5-22

RECOVERY

Complete

check, then shut down the system again. Reboot again, and the system will run diskrepair and do

as

a CRC check again, then log you in

user public.

System

AND

REBUILD

RebuUdProcedure

STEP 3 - RESTORE USER'S FILES

The last task

system backup. You can do this, or, own files.

of

the system rebuild is to restore any user files that were not copied during the last

if

other users keep their own backups, they can restore their

4405 SELFTEST

OVERVIEW

Selftest is used primarily during manufacturing and servicing

of

functions that are not found in the 4405

If

you have any question whether a problem is caused by a fault in the 4405's hardware, you can run self test to either confirm Reset button) it executes a If

you saw no error messages

AIS

general interest

Field Service Manual.

or

deny that suspicion. Each time you tum

power-up selftest that is invisible to the user unless it detects an error.

the

probability

to

the user. A complete discussion

of

a hardware problem is low.

RUNNING SELF TEST

of

the 4405. It contains many

of

selftest may

on

the 4405 (or press the

be

If

you still suspect that you may have a hardware problem, you can invoke a more extended

selftest by the following procedure:

1.

If

the system is on, stop it gracefully by typing stop and waiting until the system shut-

down message appears. The shut-down message is:

n

•••

System

(If the system is already shut off, tum on the power to both the Display/CPU unit and the MSU and perform step 2 before the system begins to

2.

Locate the Reset button (on the left rear twice. Hold it in briefly for each press and wait a moment between pushes.

3.

The LED in the Caps Lock key will flash off and on until the keyboard test is done.

4. The 4405 initializes its display. Errors found at this point will Upon 'completion the screen.

5. The 4405 initializes the keyboard. otherwise it will tum on. Errors are shown on the display.

4405

USERS

of

the Display initialization routine, the word "Tektronix " is printed on

Shutdown

If

complete

of

the Display/CPU unit

the keyboard is good, the LED will

...

boot)

n

as

you face it) and press it

be

shown on the display.

Upon completion, it prints

be

left off,

5-23

RECOVERY

AND

REBUILD

"4405"

6.

The 4405 now prints the "Interactive BootlSelfTest Menu." This menu shows the function key selections available at this point. These are:

on

the display.

•

f1

- Interactive menu (discussed under System Rebuild Procedure)

• f2 - Adjustment procedures (includes sound generator)

•

f3

- Adjustment menu (Disk load)

•

19

- Continuous selftest

• fI 0 - Enable/Disable cache

•

fIt

- Continue self test

• f12 - Exit selftest

If

you make no selection,

Self Test" option.

in

approximately 20 seconds the 4405 defaults to the "Continue

Keyf1

Key fI takes you into the interactive menu. This is the boot procedure discussed under System

Rebuild Procedure.

Keyf2

Key f2 invokes a set of

little use to most users, with the exception

procedure is menu-driven, so feel

of

adjustment procedures used during manufacturing and repair. These are

of

the Sound Generation Menu. (This test

free

to experiment.)

Keyf3

Key f3 accesses the hard disk and loads the full selftest into RAM, then executes from there.

Keyf9

Key

19

invokes continuous selftest. In this mode, the 4405 repeatedly goes through its self test,

if

halting only

it encounters an error.

Key f10

Key fI 0 enables and disables

Key

f11

If

you select key

as

the display memory is tested, then the 4405 begins printing messages its functions. When the selftest is complete, the 4405 will again display the "Interactive BootiSelfTest Menu."

fIt,

or

the

use

of

the cache while executing selftest.

do nothing, the 4405 goes into "Continue Self Test". The display flashes

on

the screen

as

it

tests

5-24

Key f12

If

you press key f12, the 4405 exits from selftest

attempts to boot from the hard disk.

FINDING INTERMITTENT ERRORS

RECOVERY

It

goes through its power-up initialization and

AND

REBUILD

Perhaps the most annoying problem

intermittent problem - a problem that disappears whenever a service person comes within a

of

mile your 4405 hardware, put the machine into continuous selftest and leave machine will run through its repertoire error occurs, make a record

Invoking

To put your 4405

the afflicted machine.

of

Continuous

in

continuous selftest:

1.

Stop the system

2. Press the reset button twice, holding it briefly each time

3. When the "Interactive will then cycle through its ROM-based selftest.

4.

To

exit from continuous selftest, you must wait until the menu appears once again, then

select an option from the menu before the selftest continues.

selftest

Boot/Self Test Menu" appears, press function key flO. The 4405

in

any mechanism, from a computer to a fishing pole, is an

If

you suspect that you have one

of

tests until it encounters an error, when it will halt.

it

and contact your local Tektronix service center for repairs.

of

these pernicious bugs living in

it

overnight. The

If

an

4405

USERS

5-25

Appendix A

UNPACKING AND INSTALLATION

INSTALLATION

Before unpacking your 4405, you should select a site that will be suitable for comfortable operation and a small, flat-bladed screwdriver.

of

the 4405. You will also need a carton opener (a small stout-bladed knife will do)

Installing your

1.

Select an installation site.

2.

Unpack the Display/CPU unit and the MSU (mass storage unit). Keep all your packing materials in case you later need

3. Assemble the mouse.

4. Connect the keyboard and mouse to the Display/CPU; connect the SCSI cable units.

5. Connect a power cord to both units.

6.

Connect both units to a suitable power source.

7.

Tum is working properly.

4405 consists

to Section 2 The First Time and go through the transcript there to verify that the 4405

of

these basic steps:

to

transport the 4405.

SELECTING A SITE

You should choose a site for your 4405 that meets the following requirements:

• Enough room for ventilation and cable routing. You should allow at least three inches

(75 mm) behind both the MSU and the Display/CPU for cable routing. You must also allow at least two inches between the ventilation openings and anything that might obstruct airflow.

to

both

CAUTION

Do not block the airflow or cover the 4405

"s

air vents in any way. This could cause overheating and result in circuit damage.

• Properly grounded power source. Be sure that a properly grounded source

available for your

•

A stable environment. Ambient temperature while the 4405 is operating should stay

within should stay between fluctuations.

4405

USERS

50 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit (+10 to +40 degrees Centigrade). Relative humidity

4405.

10

and 75%. The area should not be subject to rapid temperature

of

power is

A-I

UNPACKING

AND

INSTALLATION

UNPACKING

If

your 4405 has been unpacked, move ahead to the appropriate

step.

NOTE

Before unpacking check both shipping cartons for signs Report any damage to the carrier and your Tektronix sales

representative immediately.

Retain all packing materials in case the 4405 must be transported

in the future.

UNPACK THE MSU

1.

Open the MSU carton from the top using the carton opener.

2.

Remove the box containing

3.

Cautiously remove the MSU unit and place it where it will be installed.

4.

Remove the shipping card from the floppy drive.

the

software and instruction manuals.

UNPACK THE DISPLAY/CPU

1.

Open the carton from the top using the carton opener.

2.

Remove the keyboard and set it aside.

of

damage.

3. Remove the top packing pad.

4. Remove the package containing the accessories and set them aside.

5. Lift the Display/CPU unit from the packing and set it in the installation site.

6.

Remove the keyboard, mouse, and SCSI cable from the accessory packages and set them next to the

4405.

CHECK THE ACCESSORIES

In addition to the keyboard, mouse, SCSI cable, and the MSU and Display/CPU units, you should have the following accessories:

• 4405 User's Manual (this manual).

•

An

Introduction to Smalltalk-80.

• 4400 Series Operating System Reference Manual.

A-2

• 4400 Series 'c' Programmer's Reference Manual.

• 4400 Series Assembly Language Reference Manual.

• RS-232 communications port cable.

• Two power cords; 1 for MSU, 1 for Display/CPU.

UNPACKING

AND

INSTALLATION

• Several

blank keyboard overlays (for the function keys).

ASSEMBLE THE MOUSE

1.

Remove the mouse and its rubber-coated steel ball from the shipping package.

2.

Tum

the mouse body

direction

3. Put the rubber-coated ball in the cavity.

4.

Replace the ball retainer and tum

The mouse is now ready for use.

of

the arrows.

on

its back and remove the circular retainer by turning

114

tum against the direction

of

CONNECT THE CABLES

CAUTION

Check that both voltage indicators on the rear

Display/CPU and the voltage indicator on the

indicate the proper voltage selection for your power source.

of

the arrows.

the

MSU

114

tum in the

1.

Plug the keyboard cable into the rear "KEYBOARD."

2.

Plug the mouse cable into the rear

"MOUSE" and secure the connector by pressing the retaining clip down.

3.

If

you will be using the 4405

connector marked "COMPUTER." Secure the cable with the two small screws in the

connector.

4. Plug the small end "MASS STORAGE INTERFACE." Match the keyway on the two connectors and press the male connector into the female connector without forcing it.

Plug the large end

two small screws in the connector. Plug the SCSI tenninator into the lower connector.

4405

USERS

of

the SCSI cable into the connector

of

the SCSI cable into the upper connector (JI000) and secure it with the

as

of

the Display/CPU unit in the connector marked

of

the Display/CPU unit

a terminal, plug one end

in

the connector marked

of

the RS-232 cable into the

on

the Display/CPU marked

A-3

UNPACKING

AND

INSTALLATION

CAUTION

Match the keyway on the connectors and the SCSI

terminator and SCSI cable plug before seating the

plugs. The terminator must be installed and the

cable must be secure to prevent noise and errors on the SCSI bus.

5. Inspect the power switches on the MSU and Display/CPU units. Tum them if

are not already. (A green flag shows

6. Attach the female ends

7. Insert the male end

correct power for the

of

the power cords to the MSU unit and the Display/CPU unit.

of

the power cords into a properly grounded outlet that supplies the

4405.

the power switch is ON.)

OFF

if

they

CAUTION

Attempting to operate the 4405 from an incorrect or improperly grounded voltage source can seriously damage the

4405'

s circuitry.

READ SECTION 1

Your 4405 is now ready for operation. Read through Section 1 Introduction to become familiar

of

with the controls and tenninology that your system is working correctly . You should also read the rest infonnation pertaining to the operation

the 4405, then

of

the 4405.

NOTE

go

through Section 2 The First Time to verify

of

this manual for general

A-4

The 4405 time date to your local time, login as "system" and give the command:

date <mm>-<dd>-<yy> <hr>:<min>[:<sec>] (see the "4400 Series Operating System Reference Manual" for

details

of

aru:1

date

ruzve

the "date" command.

been set to factory iime.

+s

10

set the

AppendixB

CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE

GENERAL CLEANING

Your 4405 is a delicate instrument and has no user serviceable parts. You can clean the

screen and the external surface keyboard with a soft cloth dampened with a solution brush with natural (not synthetic) fibers to clean dust from crevices. Refer all other cleaning and routine maintenance to a qualified technician. A yearly maintenance program is recommended in

4405 Field Service Guide.

the

of

the Display/CPU unit, the MSU unit, the mouse, and the

of

mild detergent and water. Use a soft

CRT

CAUTION

To

avoid damage

Module, the Mass Storage

to

the plastics used in the Display

Unit and Keyboard, do

NOT use cleaning agents that contain benzene, acetone, toluene, xylene, or similar chemicals.

CAUTION

Never use a dripping wet cloth that could allow liquid to penetrate the case

of

the 4405. This could cause severe circuit damage, and in some cases expose you to hazardous voltages.

CLEANING THE MOUSE

If

the mouse cavity becomes dirty, clean it by removing the rubber-coated ball and

of

cavity with a gentle stream

compressed air. Do not use liquids

to

clean the ball

CLEANING SPILLS ON THE KEYBOARD

If

a container

1.

Immediately causing further damage.

2. Call in a qualified service person to disassemble and clean the keyboard.

of

liquid such

tum

as

coffee, tea,

the keyboard upside down to keep the liquid from penetrating and

or

a soft drink should spill on the keyboard:

blowout

or

cavity.

the

4405

USERS

B-1

Appendix C

Options

Use this section to hold documentation for 4405 options that do not have binders

of

their own.

4405

USERS

C-l

AppendixD

CONNECTING PERIPHERALS

INTRODUCTION

The 4405 has several external connectors which can be used to connect peripherals. These are:

• The SCSI bus.

• The RS-232 Communications Port

• The parallel printer port.

• The speaker output.

• The (Optional) Ethernet interface.

THE SCSI BUS

LOCATION

The SCSI bus connection is located on the rear STORAGE

INTERFACE."

of

the Display/MSU unit labeled "MASS

SOFTWARE ACCESS

SCSI bus devices, addressed through drivers built into the operating system, each have two Idev files associated with them. Each has a descriptive name

or

the same name with c appended as a raw devices recognized by the system are:

• Idev/disk - The standard winchester disk.

• Idev/diskc

• Idev/diskl

• Idev/disklc

• Idev/floppy - The standard flexible disk.

• Idev/floppyc - The raw (character-oriented) flexible disk.

• Idev/tapec - The raw optional (character-oriented) streaming tape drive.

In order to read (See the

backup and restore the flexible disk drive should not be mounted. These commands take care

the I/O in a different manner.

4405 Reference Manual command entry for

- The raw (character-oriented) standard winchester disk.

...

diskn - Optional winchester disks.

...

disknc - Raw optional winchester disks.

or

write to any SCSI device during normal operation, you must

character-oriented device. The standard SCSI

as

the normally used block device, and

mount

for more information.) During

the device.

of

4405 USERS

D-l

CONNECTING PERIPHERALS

THE RS-232 COMMUNICATIONS PORT

LOCATION

The RS-232 Communications Port is located on the rear

"computer.

"

of

the Display/CPU unit marked

SOFTWARE CONTROL

The communications port is addressed as Idevlcomm.

and write permissions. You can examine

"c"

programmers should check the files in IUh/includelsys (particularly sgtty.h and comm.h)

they will be working with the communications port.

or

set the communications port parameters via the commset utility.

It

is a character-oriented device with read

THE PARALLEL PRINTER PORT

LOCATION

The parallel printer port is located on the rear

of

the Display/CPU unit marked" copier."

if

SOFTWARE ACCESS

The printer port is identified by the special file Idev/printer. It is a character-oriented device and has write permissions only.

'c"

Sample programs written in

are located in directory IsampZeslprinter.

THE EXTERNAL SPEAKER JACK

LOCATION

The external speaker jack is located on the rear panel "SPEAKER."

D-2

of

the Display/CPU unit, marked

CONNECTING

PERIPHERALS

SPECIFICA

The 4405 has a low power audio output jack capable

audio output is optimized for an eight-ohm speaker, but other common speakers can be driven (at reduced volume) without damage to the audio circuitry.

The external speaker jack is a small, two-conductor, switching phone jack. (When you insert an external speaker plug, the internal speaker is disabled.)

The output from either an internal

located directly above the external speaker jack.

SOFTWARE

You can drive the speaker via the device Idevlsound. The 4400 Series Operating System

Reference Manual I devl sound.

TIONS

of

driving a small external speaker. The

or

external speaker can be varied with the volume control

ACCESS

contains a discussion under THE SOUND GENERATOR that discusses driving

THE ETHERNET INTERFACE

The ethernet interface is a separate option. It can include in this manual in Appendix

C,

is

fully described in it's own manual, which you

OPTIONS.

4405

USERS

D-3

AppendixE

SPECIFICATIONS

NOTE

In this preliminary manual, these specifications are taken from

of

early engineering models

the 4405. Production models

4405 may have different specifications.

Table

CPU/DISPLAY UNIT PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS

E-l

of

the

*These specifications

MASS STORAGE UNIT PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS

Characteristic Weight Length Width Height Display Size Display Area

do

not include the Keyboard or Mass Storage Unit.

Supplemental Information 44

lbs. (20

Kg)

19.5

in

(495

mm)

16.5

in

(419

mm)

13.89

in

(352

mm)

13

in

(330mm)

9.5

x 7.0 in (241x178

mm)

Table E-2

Characteristic Supplemental Information WeIght Length Width Height

14lbs 17

in

14.5 in

(128

5

(6.3~

(433

mm)

in

(368

mm)

Kg)

mm)

4405

USERS

E-I

SPECIFICATIONS

MASS STORAGE UNIT ELECTRICAL SPECIFICAITONS

Table

E-3

CPU/DISPLAY ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Characteristic Supplemental Information Nommal Input Voltages:

115

V 87--128 V

230 V 174--250 V

Maximum Input Frequency Range Fuse 4 A Slow-blow

Characteristic Supplemental Information

Nonnnallnput

115

V 87-128 V

230 V 174-250 V

Maximum Input Frequency Crest Factor

Fuse

Power

Voltages:

Power 140W

200W 48-66

Table

E-4

50-60Hz

1.35

2 A Slow blow

1 A Slow blow (230 VQS)

Hz

minimum

(115

V)

E-2

SPECIFICATIONS

Table

E-5

CPU/DISPLAY ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS

Characteristic Supplemental Information

Temperature:

Operating

Nonoperating

Altitude:

Operating

Nonoperating To 40,000 ft (12,200

Humidity:

Operating o to

Nonoperating

Vibration Withstands

Shock

Electrostatic

Operating

Nonoperating

Immunity:

+50

to

+104

degrees

F

( + 1

0 to

+40

degrees

C).

-40 to

+149

degrees

F

(-40 to

+65

degrees

C).

To

10,000 ft

75%

o to

95%

at

0 to

Main

to

all

No

interruption of operation, loss of

data, or change of operating No

damage

(3,050

m)

m) relative humidity (non-cond.). relative humidity (non-cond.).

0 to

0.015

in

55

Hz

(all 3 major

cabinet withstands a 20 g shock

faces.

to unit

displacement,

from

20

axes).

mode

kV

shock.

from

15

kV shock.

4405

USERS

E-3

SPECIFICATIONS

MASS STORAGE UNIT ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS

Table E-6

Characteristic Temperature:

Operating Nonoperating

Altitude:

Operating Nonoperating -1000

Humidity

Vibration:

Operating 2

Nonoperating 2

Shock: nonoperating

Shock Main cabinet withstands a 20 g shock

Electromagnetic Compatibility Meets

Supplemental Information

+50

to

+104

degrees F

(+

1 0

to

+40 degrees

-40

to

+149

(-40

to

+65

degrees C).

To

10,000

ft

To

40,000 ft (12,200

80%,

Maximum wet bulb:

noncondensing

to

22

Hz:

0.01

displacement 22

to

22

Hz:

0.01

22

to

500

Hz:

20

g, halfsine,

shocks

in

all horizontal directions

15

g, half sine,

shocks

in

all vertical directions

to

all faces.

the

respect

following requirements, with

to

conducted

C).

degrees F

(3,050

m)

in

(0.254

to

500

Hz:

in

(1mm) displacement

1 g constant acceleration

11

ms

duration; Three

11

ms

duration; Three

and

m)

26

degrees

mm)

0.25 g constant acceleration

radiated emissions:

C,

E-4

l~

FCC

Rules, Part

VDE

0871n6 class B

15,

Subpart J, Class A

I

Table

E-7

mSTALUTIONREQUmEMENTS

SPECIFICATIONS

Characteristics

Heat DissIpation Surge Current Total System =

Clearance

Distance from Equipment Generating Magnetic Fields

Supplemental Information 525 BTUlhour (nommalline voltage) 575 BTU/hour

Rear:

3 inches (for cabling)

Top:

3 inches (for cooling)

Sides: 2 inches (for cooling) The

system's display should not located near equipment containing motors or other electro-magnetics which

can distort

Table

E-8

GRAPHICS CHARACTERISTICS

Characteristic

Type of

dIsplay: Crt size: Phosphor:$P4 short-persistence Usable display

Luminance: Moire' pattern: A slight moire' effect

area:

Supplemental Information Monochrome raster-scan

15

inches (diagonal measurement)

240

mm

5 mm

(9.4

25

foot-Iamberts for

visible under

(max.

at maximum power supply

34A

(nominal at 120vac)

be

the

display.

by

180

rom,

plus

or

in

by

7.1

in,

plus

"white"

some

may

conditions.

fans,

minus

or

color.

be

minus

0.2

load)

in)

4405

USERS

Anti-reflective

treatment:

Dark,

non-glare transmission

E-5

Tektronix 4405 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1-10

1-11

1-12

1-13

1-14

1-15

2-10

2-11

2-12

2-13

3-10

3-11

3-12

3-13

5-10

5-11

5-12

5-13

5-14

5-15

5-16

5-17

5-18

5-19

5-20

5-21

5-22

5-23

5-24

5-25