Tektronix 4405 User Manual

TEK

USERS

MANUAL

Part No. 061-3216-00
Product Group 07

4405

ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE

SYSTEM

First Printing APR 1986

Please
Rear
for

CHANGE INFORMATION

Check

of

this

NOTES

at

the

Manual

and

COMMITTED TO

EXCEU£NCE

Copyright 1986
United States of America. All rights reserved. Contents of this publication
may not

be

by

Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, Oregon. Printed

reproduced

in

any form without permission

of

Tektronix,

in

Inc.

the

This instrument,
foreign patents or patent applications. Information provided upon request by
Tektronix, Inc., P.O.

TEKTRONIX

UNIX

is

a trademark of Bell Laboratories.

TOPS-10, TOPS-20, VMS, and RSTS are trademarks of Digital Equipment
Corp.

Portions of this manual are reprinted with permission of the copyright
holder. Technical Systems Consultants, Inc.,

The operating system software copyright information
code.

It

Smalltalk-80
UniFLEX

in

whole or

Box

is

a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc

can

be

read

is

a trademark

is

a registered trademark of Technical Systems Consultants,

in

part,

may

be

protected

500, Beaverton, Oregon 97007.

of

Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

via the "info" utility.

of

Xerox Corp.

by

one or more U.S. or

..

is

embedded

in

the

Inc.

WARRANTY FOR SOFTWARE PRODUCTS

Tektronix warrants that this software product will conform to the specifications set forth herein,
the specified operating environment, for a period of three
installed by Tektronix, for a period of three
not conform as warranted, Tektronix will provide the remedial services specified below. Tektronix does not
warrant that the functions contained
this software product will be uninterrupted or error-free or that

in

(3)

months from the date of installation.

this software product will meet Customer's requirements or that operation

(3)

months from the date of shipment, or

If

all

errors will be corrected.

when

used

properly

if

the program

this software product does

in

is

of

In

order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the
warranty period and make suitable arrangements for such service
Tektronix.
specified below, Customer may terminate the license for the software product and return this software product

associated materials to Tektronix for credit or refund.

This warranty shall not apply to any software product that has been modified or altered by Customer. Tektronix shall

be

obligated to furnish service under this warranty with respect to any software product
environment other than that specified or
when the software product has been integrated with other software

time or difficulty of analyzing or servicing the software product or the problems ascribed to the software product.

TEKTRONIX DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX' RESPONSIBILITY TO PROVIDE REMEDIAL SERVICE WHEN
SPECIFIED, REPLACE DEFECTIVE MEDIA OR REFUND CUSTOMER'S PAYMENT
EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO CUSTOMER
BE

LIABLE

WHETHER

If

Tektronix

FOR

TEKTRONIX

is

unable, within a reasonable time after receipt of such notice,

in

a manner inconsistent with the Users Manual

FOR

BREACH

ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE

HAS

ADVANCE

NOTICE

OF

THE

in

accordance with the instructions received

if

the result of such integration increases the

OF THIS

POSSIBILITY OF

to

provide the remedial services

a)

that

WARRANTY.

SUCH

DAMAGES.

is

used

in

and

documentation or

IS

THE SOLE

TEKTRONIX

and

an

operating

WILL

from

any

not

AND
NOT

OF

PLEASE FORWARD ALL MAIL TO:

Artificial Intelligence Machine
Tektronix, Inc.
P.O. Box 1000 M.S. 60-405
Wilsonville,

Oregon 97070

Attn: AIM Documentation

b)

MANUAL REVISION STATUS

PRODUCT: 4405 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM

This

manual

REV

supports

DATE

the

following versions

of

this

product:

Serial

DESCRIPTION

Numbers

8010100

and

up.

APR 1986

Original Issue

4405

USERS

Table of Contents

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

ABOUTPRELIMINARYMANUALS ...................................................................................

ABOUT THIS MANUAL ...... ............... ..... ........

YOUR QUALIFICATIONS ..................................................................................................

UNPACKINGTHE4405 ........................................................................................................ 1-2

OVERVIEWOFTHE4405

GENERALINFORMATION ................................................................................................ 1-2

4405HARDWAREOVERVIEW .........................................................................................

The 4405 Display/CPU ........................................................................................................

The 4405 Keyboard .............................................................................................................

The 4405 Mouse

THE 4405 STANDARD MASS STORAGE UNIT

4405 STANDARD AND OPTIONAL SOFTWARE ............................................................ 1-11

STANDARDSOFTWARE .................................................................................................

Smalltalk-80 .......................................................................................................................

The 4405 Operating System .............. ............. ........................ ........... ............. ...................

4405 OPI'IONS ..................................................................................................................... 1-12

Additional 2 MB Physical Memory . ........... ...... ....... ....

Additional 4 MB

ETHERNET® Interface ...................................................

LISP ........................................................................................................................... 1-12

Franz
Common

PROLOG ............................................................................................................................. 1-12

EMACS ................................................................................................................................ 1-13

Other Options .... ........... ........................ ........................ ............. ........... ............. ........... ........ 1-13

Mass

4405 DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................................... 1-13

STANDARD

The

An Introduction to the Smalltalk-80 System ..................................................................... 1-13

The

4400 Series Assembly Language Reference .............. .............

4400 Series 'c' Language Reference ............. ........................ ........... ................................ 1-14

OOCUMENTATIONOFOPI'IONS .................................................................................. 1-14

OPTIONAL DOCUMENTATION ..................................................................................... 1-14

Smalltalk-80 Documentation .............................................................................................. 1-14

Service Documentation ........... ........................................................................................... 1-15

The
The

LISP

Storage Expansion ........... ........... ..................................... ........... ............. ........... ........ 1-13

4405 User's Manual (This Book) ............................................................................... 1-13

4400 Series Operating System Reference

4405 Field Service Manual .................... ........................................................... ........ 1-15

4405 Component-Level Service Manual .................................................................. 1-15

..

.... ........... .... ....... ........... ......

Pllysical Memory ..... ..................................... ......... .................................. 1-12

..

...

........ ..... ........

DOCUMENTATION .................................................................................... 1-13

.................................................................................................... 1-2

...

........

...

...

........ ..... ........... .... .... ..... ........ ...........

...

........ ............. ..... .... ........... .... ... .... .... ..........

..

............. ..... ...... ..... ...... ........... .... ....... ...

...

..........

...

........ ............. ......... .......... 1-12

: .................................................. 1-12

........ ........... ....... ...... ..... ........ ..... ...... ........... .......... 1-12

Manual..

........ ..... .... ....... .... .... ..... .... .......... 1-14

...

...... ............... ........... ........ 1-14

...

.......

1-1
1-1
1-1

1-3
1-3
1-7
1-7
1-8

1-11
1-11
1-11

SECTION 2 THE FIRST TIME

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................

COMMENTED TRANSCRIPT

TURN ON THE 4405

FII...ES

MOVING AROUND IN THE DIRECTORY ....................................................................... 2-4

SOME

AND DIRECTORIES ................................................................................................ 2-2

sheU

FEATURES ...................................................................................................... 2-5

history .................................................................................................................................. 2-5

Command Line Editing ....................................................................................................... 2-7

..

OF

SESSION

..... ........ ....... .... ........... ........... ......... ...... ....... .... ..... ...... ........... ............

..

........... ....... ...... ..... ...... ............. ........... ..........

Table

of

Contents-l

2-1
2-1
2-1

The

shell Environment ............................................................................... .... ..................... 2-9

Environment Variables ...................................................................................................... 2-9

Aliases .............................................. ........................ ......... ................................. ..............

Saving

CONTROLLING

ANSI
Other

RS-232 Terminal Emulation ...................................... .......... ............ ....... ........... ........ ........ 2-12

ENDING

Definitions ................................ .................................. ...................... ............. ........ 2-11

THE

TERMINAL

Commands

Terminal Attributes ................................................................. ............. ................... 2-12

THE

............................................ ................................................................... 2-12

SESSION

. ................... ......... .................... ........... ........ ................ ................ 2-13

EMULATOR

........................................................... 2-12

2-10

SECTION 3 USING THE

INTRODUcrION

POWER

POWER-UP
BOOTING

THE

CHECKING
USER
SETTING

STOPPING

STOP
POWER

THE

OVERVIEW
COMMANDS

MANUAL
FILE

\VII...D
MULTI-TASKING

USER

FILE

FILE

ON

LOGIN

INITIALIZATION ................................................................................................... 3-2

PASSWORDS

THE

.................................................................................................................................... 3-3

OFF

OPERATING

Options .......................................................... ..................................................................... 3-4

Arguments
Options

Directory Contents
Moving Around
Adding

copy ....................................................................................................................................

create ..................................................................................................................................

edit
link

list ......................................................................................................................................

move

remove ...............................................................................................................................

rename ................................................................................................................................

compare ................................................................................. ........................ .....................

dump

filetype .......................................................................................................... .....................

find ............................ ~ ........................................................................................................

That

STRUCfURE

and Removing Files ............ ........... .......................... ......... ............... .............. .......

CARD

COMMANDS

MANIPULATION

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

PROCESSING

..................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................... 3-1

AND

SYSTEM

SELF-TEST

THE

SYSTEM

PROCESS

THE

PASSWORD

SYSTEM

............................................................................... ................. ........... ....... ..... 3-3

SYSTEM

........................................................................................................................ 3-3

AND

and

Parameters .............. ............. ............................... ................. ......... ..... ....... 3-4

Take

SYNTAX

The

EXPANSION

4405

BOOT

AND

... ..... .... ......... ................... ....... ...... ..... ...................... .................. 3-1

........................................................................................................ 3-2

.................................................................................................... 3-2

................................................................................................... 3-2

AND

COMMAND

Arguments .......................................................................................... 3-5

CONVENTIONS

............................................................................................................ 3-5

;-;

dir

...

Directory Tree ..................................................................................

....... ........ .................. ...... .......................................... .............................

BY

FUNCfION

.....................................................................................................

...................................... ......... ............. ........... ........................ ............

........... ......................................................................... 3-1

BOOT

FILE

.............................................................................. 3-1

................................................................................ 3-2

UTILITIES .................................................................. 3-3

SYNTAX

..................................................................... 3-4

...... ..... ................... ......... ...................................... 3-5

....... ............. ............... ................ ........ .................... ..............

............................................................................................... 3-7

.................................................................................

3-6
3-6
3-7

3-7
3-7
3-7

3-7

3-8
3-8
3-8
3-8

3-8
3-8
3-8
3-8
3-8
3-8
3-8
3-8

Table

of

Contents-2

info ..................................................................................................................................... 3-9

touch .................................................................................................................................. 3-9

tail ...................................................................................................................................... 3-9

...

DIRECTORY MANIPULATION . ............. .......................... ........................ ...........

....... 3-9

chd ...................................................................................................................................... 3-9

crdir .................................................................................................................................... 3-9

dir ....................................................................................................................................... 3-9

path .................................................................................................................................... 3-9

..

SYSTEM ACCESS AND STATUS

............. ......... ............. ............................................... 3-9

date ..................................................................................................................................... 3-9

dperm ................................................................................................................................. 3-9

exit ..................................................................................................................................... 3-9

help ..................................................................................................................................

3-10

login ................................................................................................................................. 3-10

owner ............................................................................................................................... 3-10

password .......................................................................................................................... 3-10

perms ................................................................................................................................ 3-10

status .................... ............... .......................... ......... ............... ........................................... 3-10

stop ................................................................................................................................... 3-10

DISK MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................... 3-10

backup .............................................................................................................................. 3-10

diskrepair ...... ........... ........................ ................................................................................ 3-10

format ............ ....... ........... ...................... ........ ................................................ .............. ..... 3-10

free ................................................................................................................................... 3-11

restore ....... ............. ............. ....... ...... ................................... ........... .................................. 3-11

COMMAND EXECUTION .............................................................................................. 3-11

echo .................................................................................................................................. 3-11

int ..................................................................................................................................... 3-11

jobs ................................................................................................................................... 3-11

script ............. ........... ...................... .............................................. .... ...................... .......... 3-11

shell .................................................................................................................................. 3-11

wait .................................................................................................................................. 3-11

COMMUNICATIONS ......... ............. ..... ........ ................ ................... ................................ 3-11

commset ................................................................... ........................................................ 3-11

conset .......... ........... ............... ......... ............... ...................... ................ .......... ................... 3-11

remote ... .... ....... ........... ........ ......... ........... ............................................ ............................. 3-12

PROORAM DEVELOPMENT ...................... ........... ................................. ............. ....... ... 3-12

asm ................................................................................................................................... 3-12

cc ...................................................................................................................................... 3-12

debug ................................................................................................................................ 3-12

headset ............................................................................................................................. 3-12

libgen ............ ................................................................................................................... 3-12

libinfo ...... ...... .................... ............... ....... ........... ...... ........................................................ 3-12

load .................................................................................................................................. 3-12

sma11talk

........ ....... ......... ...... ........... .................................................................................. 3-12

strip .................................................................................................................................. 3-12

relinfo ............ ..... ........................................... ................................................................... 3-12

update ............ ...................... ........... .................................................................................. 3-13

SECTION 4 SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE

Table

of

Contents-3

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 4-1

THEFACTORYCONFIGURATION

.................................................................................. 4-1

USER public ... ........... ............. ........... ............. ......... ....... ...... ......... ......... ............................. 4-2

File Protection and

Ownership .......................................................................................... 4-2

Passwords ..... ........... ..................................... ..... .... ....... ...... ..... .... ....... ................... ............ 4-2

Backing up User Files ......... ..... .......................................................................................... 4-2

A Suggestion . ........... ..... ........ ........... ........... ........... ............................................................ 4-3

RESPONSIBILITIES

BACKING UP

Performing a

ADDING AND DELETING
INSTALLING

OF

USER system

THE

SYSTEM ............................................................................................ 4-5

............................................................................

4-4

system Backup .......................................................................................... 4-5

USERS .................................................................................. 4-5

SOFTWARE

ON

THE 4405 ....................................................................... 4-6

ERROR RECOVERY AND SYSTEM REBUILDING ...................................................... 4-7

SECTION 5 RECOVERY

AND

REBllLD

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 5-1

PROBLEMS . ............... .............

...

........ ........... ....... .... ............. ..... ...... ......... ...... ..... ........... ..... 5-1

REBUILDING ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................................ 5-1

YOUR BACKUP DISKETTES ............................................................................................. 5-1

SYSREFORMAT Disk .............................................................................................. 5-2

Your

of

Types

Virtual Memory And
Names

Hard Disk Reformatting Utilities ....................................................................... 5-2

Swap Space ..................................................................................... 5-3

Of

Reformatting Utilities ....................................................................................... 5-3

System Rebuilding Utilities ............................................................................................... 5-3

SYSINST

Your

DISKREPAIR Disk ....................................................

Your

ALL

Disk ................ ............. ....... ......... .... ...... ..... .... ............. ............. .......... 5-4

00

.............................................

5-4

Your Standard System Diskettes ......................................................................................... 5-5

SOFTWARE FIRST AID .................. ....... ........ ................ .......... ..... .............................. .......... 5-6

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ... ..... ........... ........ ..... ...... ............... ......... ............................. ....... 5-6

AUTOMATIC SYSTEM REPAIRS ... .................. .... ..... .... ............. ......... ............................. 5-6

REMOVING A FORGOTTEN

system

PASSWORD ............. ....... ...................................... 5-6

RESTORING A USER'S FILES ........................................................................................... 5-6

RESTORING FILES
WHEN THE

SYSTEM WILL NOT BOOT ,,,"',, .................................................................. 5-7

ON

A BOOT ABLE SYSTEM ..... ....................................................... 5-7

RECOVERING AN UNBOOT ABLE SYSTEM .................................................................. 5-7

NON-DESTRUCTIVE SYSTEM REBUILD PROCEDURE ................................................ 5-9

OVERVIEW ..................... ............................................................................ ......................... 5-9

STEP 1 DISKREPAIR ..................................................................................................... 5-11

A - Boot the
B - Mount
C - Run

DISKREPAIR Diskette ............... ......... ...... .................... ...... .............. ..... 5-11

me Hard Disk .... ........................... ........ ............. ........................... ........... ..... 5-13

diskrepair ..................................................... ........... ............. .............. ........ ..... 5-13

D - Inspect Your Hard Disk Files ............ ................................... ........... .... .............. ..... 5-13

E -

Unmount the Hard Disk and Stop me System ........................................................ 5-15

STEP

2.

COpy

STEP 3. RESTORE THE SYSTEM FILES.

THE OPERATING SYSTEM FILE STRUCTURE .............................. 5-15

..

.................................................................. 5-15

STEP 4. RESTORE THE PASSWORD FILE ................ ................. ........... ..................... 5-18

COMPLETE SYSTEM REBUILD PROCEDURE ............. ...... ........................................... 5-19

OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................... 5-19

STEP 1 - FORMAT THE WINCHESTER WITH SYSREFORMAT ........................... 5-20

A - Boot the SYSREFORMAT Diskette ...................................................................... 5-21

Table

of

Contents-4

B - Fonnat

Logical Fonnat .............................................................................................................. 5-21

Physical Fonnat ............................................................................................................. 5-21

STEP 2 - RESTORE THE SYSTEM WITH THE SYSINSTALL DISK ...................... 5-22

A - Boot
B - Restore Files from Your

Stop me System and Reboot ................................................................................... 5-22

C -

STEP 3 - RESTORE USER'S FII.,ES ...................................................... ....................... 5-23

4405 SELFI'EST ........................................ ........................................................................... 5-23

OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................ 5-23

RUNNING

f1

Key

f2 .............................................................................................................................. 5-24

Key

f3

Key

f9 .............................................................................................................................. 5-24

Key

flO ............................................................................................................................ 5-24

Key

f11

Key

Key f12 ............................................................................................................................ 5-25

FINDING INTERMITTENT

Invoking Continuous selftest ........................................................................................... 5-25

th.e

Hard Disk .............................................................................................. 5-21

th.e

SYSINSTALL Disk ................................................................................. 5-22

System Backups .............................................................. 5-22

SELF TEST ...................................................................................................... 5-23

.............................................................................................................................. 5-24

.............................................................................................................................. 5-24

............................................................................................................................ 5-24

ERRORS ............................................................................ 5-25

Appendix A UNPACKING

INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................... A-I

SELECTING A SITE ............................................................................................. ................

UNPACKING ......................................................................................................................... A-2

UNPACK THE

UNPACK THE DISPLAY/CPU ........................................................................................... A-2

CHECK THE
ASSEMBLE
CONNECT THE

READ

SECI'ION 1 ................................................................................................................. A-4

MSU ............................................................................................................ A-2

ACCESSORIES ............................................................................................ A-2

THE

MOUSE .................................................................................................. A-3

CABLES .................................................................................................. A-3

Appendix B CLEANING

GENERAL CLEANING ........ .......................... ........... ......... ........ ........................ ................... B-1

CLEANING THE
CLEANING

MOUSE ..................................................................................................... B-1

SPILLS ON THE KEYBOARD .................. ................ ........... ................. .... ...... B-1

AND

INSTALLATION

AND

MAINTENANCE

A-I

Appendix C Options
Appendix D CONNECTING PERIPHERALS

INTRODUCI'ION ..................................................................................................................

THE SCSI BUS ....................................................................................................................

LOCATION ... .......................... ......... ........... ............. ............. ............. ................................

SOFTWARE ACCESS .............................. ......... ........... ........................ .......... ...................

THE RS-232 COMMUNICATIONS PORT ........................................................................ D-2

LOCATION ........................................................................................................................ D-2

SOFTWARE CONTROL ................................................................................................... D-2

THE

PARALLEL PRINTER PORT ...................................................................................... D-2

LOCATION .......................................................................................................................... D-2

SOFTWARE ACCESS ......................................................................................................... D-2

D-1
D-l
D-l
D-l

Table

of

Contents-5

THE

Ex:rERNAL

LOCATION .......................................................................................................................... D-2

SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................... D-3

SOFfW

THE

ARE ACCESS ......................................................................................................... D-3

ETHERNET INTERFACE ............................................................................................ D-3

SPEAKER JACK ..................................................................................... D-2

Appendix E SPECIFICATIONS

Figures

1-1. 640 X 480 Window Into 1376 X 1024 Bit-Map. . ............................................................ 1-3

1-2. Display/CPU Front Panel Controls.. . ............................................................................... 1-5

1-3. Display/CPU Rear Panel. ................................................................................................. 1-5

1-4. The
1-5. The
1-6. Front

1-8.
5-1. Non-Destructive
5-2.
5-3.

4405 Keyboard.. . ...... .... ....... ........... ...... ......... ....... ............... ............... ....... ........... ..... 1-7

4405 Mouse.. . ............................................................................................................ 1-8

of

MSU.. . ................................................................................................................ 1-9

SCSI Terminator. . ............... ..... ................... ..... .... ..... .... .... ..... ........... ............................. 1-11

System Rebuild Procedure.. . ................................................................. 5-9

Step

1.

Using (BIDISKREPAIRP. . ............................................................................... 5-11

Step 3. Restore Files. . .................................................................................................... 5-15

Examples

5-1. Minimum Bootable System. . .......................................................................................... 5-14

Tables

2-1 Moving Commands ........ .... ......... ............. .... ..... ......

2-2 Deleting Commands ............. ..... ............... .... ..... ......

E-l

CPU/DISPLAY UNIT PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS ............ .... ............. .................. ......... E-1

MASS STORAGE UNIT PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS ................................................... E-1

E-2

CPU/DISPLAY ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................... E-2

E-3

MASS STORAGE UNIT ELECTRICAL SPECIFICAITONS ....................................... E-2

E-4

CPUiDISPLAY ENVIRONMENIAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................................ E-3

E-5

MASS STORAGE UNIT ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................. E-4

E-6

INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................. E-5

E-7

GRAPHICS CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................. E-5

E-8

...

.... ......... ........... ........................ .... ... 2-8

...

.... ......

...

........................ ............... ... 2-9

Table

of Contents-6

Section 1

INTRODUCTION

ABOUT PRELIMINARY MANUALS

Some

of

the 4400 Series manuals are preliminary. They are

be, given the lead time required for writing and printing.

preliminary manuals may be inaccurate

We

of

AIM Documentation want each customer to receive complete, final manuals as soon
possible.
fill out and return the enclosed, postage-free, card.
comments you can make to help us make the documentation for this system better. (We also like
praise, too,
to send at a later time, send them

In

order that you not be missed (sometimes addresses get lost

if

we've done something right.)

Tektronix, Inc.
P.O. Box 1000
Wilsonville, OR 97070
D.S.60-405
Attention: AIM Documentation

to:

or

missing.

If

the card is missing, or

as

complete and accurate as they can

Some

of

the information given in

or

are unavailable) please

Of

course, we would appreciate any

if

you have more comments

as

ABOUT THIS MANUAL

This is the introductory manual to the 4405 Artificial Intelligence System. (We call it the 4405

from here on.) You should read this manual before attempting
contains useful information that can help you get the most out
instructions on how to unpack and connect the system, a guided tour
on, a discussion on how to work with the system on a day-by-day basis, suggestions for working
with more than one user on the system, and some ways to recover from the inevitable errors to
which humans are prone.

YOUR QUALIFICATIONS

This manual is not a tutorial document. Although we've tried
simple, it assumes that you're an experienced computer user. You need not have systems
programming experience, or
computer operating system. You should be comfortable with a hierarchical or tree-structured
filing system, know how to issue commands and run applications, and, in general, be a
"knowledgeable user."

If

you're comfortable with an operating system such

or

any

of

the other multi-user operating systems that abound, you should have little trouble
adapting to the
of

the many tutorials,
search out tutorial information on your own, look for tutorials on the Unix operating system. The
4405 operating system is not Unix, but the structure and philosophy behind it
dissimilar, and tutorial information explaining the Unix operating system is readily available.

4405 operating system.

or

be

a "Wizard," but you should be past the neophyte stage on a large

as

Unix®, TOPS-IO/20®, VMS®, RSTS®,

If

you are not, you should take a course, read through one

find a knowledgeable person to help you adjust to the 4405.

to

use your new 4405 - it

of

the 4405. You'll find

of

the first time you tum

to

keep this manual clear and

If

you must

is

not too

it

4405

USERS

1-1

INTRODUCTION

UNPACKING THE 4405

If

you've just purchased your 4405 - congratulations! You'l1 want to get

as

soon

as

running

4405 any distance, you should use these containers. Exercise patience, follow instructions,

your
and you should have

To save time and trouble, follow this sequence:

1.

Skim over this procedure

2.

Tum

to Appendix A and follow those instructions. This appendix shows you, in detail,

how to unpack and connect the pieces that form the

3.

Come back to this point and read the rest
overview

possible. First, don't discard your shipping cartons.

no

trouble bringing the system up for the first time.

to

get a feel for the sequence.

4405.

of

of

the 4405 before trying to use it.

Section

1,

the introduction. You need

it

put together and

If

you ever want to move

to

get an

4. Read Section
section takes you through an initial introduction to the
you a few

5. Next read through Section 3,
use

of

the 4405. You'll want to experiment with the system - you shouldn't have any

trouble at this point.

6.

Read Section
to deal with.
responsible for these tasks.

7.

Section 5, Recovery and Rebuild, is the section we all hope to avoid.
find system rebuilding procedures here.

2,

The First Time User next. Follow the examples on your 4405. This

of

its many features.

Using the 4405. This section talks about normal, day-to-day

4,

Software Maintenance, to get an idea

If

more than one user will be using the 4405, one person should be

4405 operating system and shows

of

the maintenance tasks you'll have

If

you must, you can

OVERVIEW OF THE 4405

GENERAL INFORMATION

The 4405 is a single-user computer system that has been designed for the efficient development
and use
can have many separate user accounts, it is not a time-sharing system; only one user may be

logged in at a time.) The
system and

of

artificial intelligence (AI) applications. (Single-user means that, although the 4405

4405 can be used both

as

a terminal connected to a host computer.

as

a stand-alone applications development

As an applications development system, the
Smalltalk-80 system, LISP, and PROLOG. These languages run under the 4405's multi-tasking
operating system. The
and mathematics libraries to assist with program development. In addition, the

'c'

programming environment that allows porting

As a terminal, the
AI community. The
to allow it to work with most popular screen-oriented editors.

1-2

4405 also has a hierarchical file system, complete with various graphics

4405 easily interfaces, via a RS-232-C line, to various computers in use by the

4405 functions as an ANSI X3.64 compatible terminal with some extensions

4405 provides a programming environment for the

4405 contains a

of

many applications programs to it.

INTRODUCTION

4405

The 4405 consists

(MSU). These, in addition
discussion examines each component in detail.

HARDWARE

of

two major components, the Display/CPU module and mass storage unit

to a keyboard and mouse, make up the basic 4405. The following

OVERVIEW

The 4405 Display/CPU

The Display/CPU is the heart

of

cabinet
the central processing unit, one megabyte (standard, two
as

options)

communicate with the outside world.
Connected to the rear

and mouse. There, we also find a volume control for the internal speaker, an audio connector for
an external speaker, a parallel printer port, the RS-232 port, the ethernet connector, and a reset
button.

The
The
under control

Figure

a conventional terminal, it contains a monochrome 640 X 480 pixel bit-map display,

of

fast semiconductor memory, and the interface electronics that allow the 4405 to

of

4405 uses a monochrome 640 X 480 pixel display

4405' s electronics allow smooth panning

of

the operating system.

1-1

shows how the 640 X 480 pixel display relates

of

the 4405 system. Although it is no larger than the display

or

four additional megabytes available

the Display/CPU unit are the power cord, mass storage unit, keyboard,

as

a window into a 1376 X 1024 bit-map.

of

the 640 X 480 window over the virtual display

to

the 1376 X 1024 bit-map.

4405

USERS

1-3

INTRODUCTION

(0,0)

(0,479)

(0,1023)

(639,0)

~--------------~-----------------+~

This

is

screen

the default

position.

(1375,0)

...

------

1376x1024

VIRTUAL DISPLAY
BIT-MAP

t-+-+l~~~~~~

AREA

SEEN

BY

(PANNED

DEFAULT POSITION)

DISPLAY

FROM

1-4

Physical Display

640x480

j:==640

Figure 1-1.640 X 480 Window

480

Pixels

Pixel.~

5603-2A

Into

1376 X 1024 Bit-Map.

iNTRODUCTION

Figure 1-2 shows the front

of

the Display/CPU unit. Two controls are located at the front

unit: the brightness control and the power switch. Figure

connectors on the Display/CPU.

1-3

shows the rear panel controls and

POWER
SWITCH

BRIGHTNESS

KNOB

of

the

4405

USERS

Figure 1-2. Display/CPU

Front

Panel Controls.

5931-2

1-5

INTRODUCTION

CORD

VOLUME

CONTROL

MOUSE

CONNECTOR

SCSI

CONNECTOR

PARALLEL

PRINTER

CONNECTOR

RS-232

CONNECTOR

ETHERNET

CONNECTOR

Figure 1-3. Display/CPU

Rear

RESET

BUTTON

AUDIO

OUTPUT

CONNECTOR

KEYBOARD

CONNECTOR

5931-3

Panel.

1-6

The 4405 Keyboard

INTRODUCTION

Figure 1-4 shows the 4405 keyboard. This keyboard is similar

to

that used by the Tektronix 4100
Series tenninals. The joydisk, function keys, numeric pad, and keyboard keys are all accessible
to the 4405 software. The only unfamiliar key is the up-arrowlleft-arrow key used in Smalltalk
programming.

Figure 1-4. The 4405 Keyboard.

The 4405 Mouse

The 4405 mouse, shown in Figure
The mouse consists

of

a rubber coated steel ball (to detect mouse movement over a surface) and
three buttons. To use the mouse, place it on a clean surface and guide
fingers to press the mouse buttons. The mouse connector plugs into the back
Display/CPU unit near the keyboard connector.

4405

USERS

1-5

is the primary pointing device used with Smalltalk-80.

it

with one hand. Use your

of

the 4405

1-7

INTRODUCTION

5931-4

Figure 1-5. The 4405 Mouse.

THE

Figures 1-6 and
Figure 1-8 shows the SCSI terminator. The front panel
activity light and flexible disk drive activity light to show when these drives are in use. The rear

of
on

4405

the MSU contains the power cord, the SCSI connector and terminator. The only controls used

the MSU are the power switch and the door handle

STANDARD

1-7

show the front and rear

MASS

of

STORAGE

the standard 4405 mass storage unit (MSU).

of

the MSU contains the winchester disk

of

the flexible disk drive.

UNIT

1-8

INTRODUCTION

REMOTE

POWER CONTROL

CONNECTOR

(NOT USED)

POWER CORD

CONNECTOR

Figure 1-6.

CONNECTORS

FUSE

Front

SCSI

of

MSU.

LINE VOLTAGE

INDICATOR

4405

USERS

Figure 1-7. Rear

of

5603-8

MSU.

1-9

INTRODUCTION

1-10

Figure 1-8. SCSI Terminator.

INTRODUCTION

4405 STANDARD AND OPTIONAL SOFTWARE

STANDARD SOFTWARE

Smalltal

The standard programming language for the 4405 is Smalltalk-80, version 2, developed by Xerox
corporation.
makes extensive use
Tektronix implementation

Smalltalk-80 System.

the

The

The 4405 contains a small, robust operating system, based on UniFLEX@, by Technical Systems

Consultants, Inc. The operating system gives one user at a time access to the

The operating system gives you these features:

• Single-user operation

• Multiple user accounts (with password protection)

• A hierarchical, tree-structured file system

• Multi-tasking

• An interactive shell featuring command aliasing, history, shell variables, definable search

• Command file (script) execution

k-80

Smalltalk-80 is a object-oriented, general-purpose programming language that

of

the 4405 bit-mapped screen and mouse. A full description

of

Smalltalk-80 is given in the companion manual

4405 Operating

path, and command line editing

System

of

An

Introduction to

4405's resources.

the

• User (public) and system utilities

• A relocating assembler and linking loader

• A 'c' compiler and libraries that include standard 'c' functions and a graphics library that

gives access to the

• A symbolic debugging tool for 'c' and assembly language programs

• An ANSI X3.64 terminal emulator, available both to the 4405 operating system and
external host via a RS-232-C connection

• A line and content oriented text editor

• Printer support

• Remote file transfer and host communications

4405

USERS

4405's hardware resources

to

1-11

an

INTRODUCTION

4405 OPTIONS

In addition to the standard 4405 hardware and software, many additional options are available.
Some

of

these are:

Additional 2

This option, an additional two Megabytes
Megabytes

of

physical memory for your 4405.

Additional 4

This option, an additional two Megabytes

Megabytes

of

physical memory for your 4405.

MB

Physical Memory

MB

Physical Memory

of

semiconductor memory gives you a total

of

semiconductor memory gives you a total

of

of

three

five

ETHERNET® Interface

This option adds the hardware and software necessary for the 4405 to function in an ETHERNET
network.

Franz LISP

An implementation
systems.

of

the LISP programming language that is widely available

on

UNIX

Common

This implementation

Interface,"

the Language.

as

LiSP

well

as

PROLOG

An implementation

1-12

of

Common LISP includes some extensions, such

the full language as documented in the book by Guy Steele, Common

of

this logic programming language.

as

a "Foreign Function

llSP,

INTRODUCTION

EMACS

A widely used, extensible, screen-oriented editor with mouse extensions.

Other Options

Additional 4405 options may be available in the future. Please contact your local Tektronix Sales
Representative for currently available 4405 options.

Mass

If

you need more mass storage than is available on the standard internal 45 Mb Hard disk, use the
applicable configuration
available in a number
tape support. The 4400 Series operating system automatically senses the presence
expansion units and mounts them when the system boots up.

Storage Expansion

of

the 4944 Mass Storage Device to extend your storage. The 4944 is

of

configurations that add various sizes

of

hard disk storage and streaming

of

supported

4405 DOCUMENTATION

STANDARD DOCUMENTATION

With your 4405, you received five principal manuals. This standard set

includes:

The 4405 User's Manual (This Book)

This manual should be the first manual you read.
4405: unpacking and connection procedures, a first-time user's session, hints on daily use

system, discussions
contains the general "how-to-do-it" information that you'll need while getting acquainted with
your new 4405. You'll probably need

will probably need

of

software configuration, maintenance and data security. This manual

to

use this manual extensively for the first week

to

refer

to

it only in emergencies.

It

contains the introductory material

of

documentation

or

to

the

of

the

so, then

An Introduction to the Smalltalk-80 System

This manual is the introduction to Smalltalk-80 as implemented on the 4405. This manual is not

a "stand-alone" manual, it is meant

the Programming Environment and
published by Addison-Wesley. You will need both these books in order to use Smalltalk-80. The
manual An Introduction to

440SUSERS

Smalltalk-80 makes extensive references

to

be used in conjunction with two other texts, Smalltalk-80:

Smalltalk-80: The Language and Its Implementation

to

the Addison-Wesley

1-13

INTRODUCTION

books and details the differences between the image in those books and the image on the 4405.

The Introduction does contain some tutorial information, and an excellent overview

language,

as

well

as

providing the intimate details that affect the language user.

of

the

The 4400 Series Operating System Reference Manual

The 4400 Series Operating System Reference Manual contains the detailed description

4400 Series hardware and software from the programmer's point
4400 Series reference, and contains information on the details
and the other operating system level concerns. Look in this manual for detailed information not
covered elsewhere.

of

view. This book is the basic

of

commands, syntax, extensions,

of

the

4400 Series Assembly Language Reference

The 4400 Series Assembly Language Programmer's Reference Manual contains details

supplied
manual to the syntax and details
manual also contains information on the operation

MC68000 (including MC68010 and MC68020) assembler. This manual is a reference

of

the 4400 Series assembler and system calls and libraries. This

of

the linking loader.

of

the

4400 Series 'e' Language Reference

The 4400 Series

'C'Language

Reference Manual contains details

of

the implementation

of

the

'c' language and libraries. This manual also contains some tutorial information on using the

"BitBlt" graphics facilities

of

the 4400 series machines.

DOCUMENTATION OF OPTIONS

Each software option has its own reference manual(s) that details its operation. Refer to these
manuals for details

Hardware options come with installation instructions
necessary manuals for operation

Some manuals for options are small and come without binders. Place these manuals in this

binder under

of

how

to

use these software packages.

of

Appendix C, Options.

(if the option is customer-installed) and the

that option.

OPTIONAL DOCUMENTATION

Smalltalk-80 Documentation

The two books on Smalltalk-80, the "red book" and the "blue book," can be ordered from
Tektronix. They are:

1-14

INTRODUCTION

• Smalltalk-80 The Interactive Programming Environment by Adele Goldberg.

Tektronix part number

• Smalltalk-80 The Language

Tektronix part number

062-8859-00

and

Its Implementation by Adele Goldberg and David Robson.

062-8860-00

Service Documentation

Two service manuals are available for the 4405. These are:

The 4405 Field Service Manual

The 4405 Field Service Manual contains information useful for a technician troubleshooting a

4405 in the field. It contains commonly used adjustments, checks, and information that enables a
technician to repair a

repaired at the factory or other service location that has specialized diagnostic instrumentation.}

The 4405 Component-Level Service Manual

This manual is designed for the experienced electronic technician and gives the information
necessary to repair the
fixtures and specialized knowledge to use

4405 to the module level. {Modules are subassemblies that should be

4405 subassemblies. It is not intended for use in the field; it requires test

it.

4405

USERS

1-15

Section 2

THE FIRST TIME

INTRODUCTION

You should now have your 4405 unpacked, connected, and ready for its first use. This section is
a commented transcript

of

a new user trying the 4405 for the first time.

Think
machine - feel free
and capabilities

In this transcript, the actual dialog between the user and the 4405 is indented and in a different
type style than the comments and explanations. The actual commands that you type are shown as
they appear
include the spaces). Remember, for commands to
line by pressing the

of

this section a guided tour

to

experiment as you go along. This section

of

the operating system, but

on

the screen; enter them exactly as shown (omit the system prompt, but be sure to

Return key - this manual doesn't show that as an explicit part

Your session should look very similar when you issue the same commands in the same order.

of

the 4405 operating system. Follow along on your own

won't

cover all

it

will show you enough to get you started.

be

executed, you must terminate the command

of

the features

of

this dialog.

COMMENTED TRANSCRIPT OF SESSION

CAUTION

If

you must leave the session early, type "stop" and wait

for the message

" .

..

System shutdown complete

before turning

off

the power. Any other method
shutting down the 4405 can seriously damage the
operating system disk software structure.

...

"

of

TURN

First, you
time. (Later on, you
power switch
upper right hand

Now, press the power switch on the Display/CPU unit. The LED in the key marked
comes on, flashes for a time, then goes out. When the display screen lights up, you see in the
upper left comer the display:

If

this message does not appear, try adjusting the brightness control.

The winchester disk activity light on the

message appears:

4405

USERS

ON

THE

11

want to see what happens to each unit

on

the MSU (mass storage unit). Notice that the winchester disk activity light on

of

Tektronix

4405

11

just want to

the MSU front panel comes on until the disk gets up to speed, then shuts off.

4405

tum

on

the power to both units and start working.) Press the

MSU then begins to flicker, the screen clears, and a new

of

the 4405 when you

tum

on one unit at a

Caps Lock

2-1

THE

FIRST

TIME

For

Total

Tektronix

copyright

user

Includes

memory = xxxxK

4405

and

Operating

licensed

other

System

material

proprietary

Version

information,

X.X

use

"info"

command.

++

It usually takes a few minutes for the prompt - the + + (double plus signs) - to appear. During
this time, the

automatically logged you in as a user with the user-name

program that talks to you), and is now waiting for you to give it a command.
The

Version X.X message tells you what version

user memory

The

+ + is the default system prompt, and the flashing "_" (underscore) is the cursor.

4405 has gone through a power-up self-test, loaded the operating system,

public, invoked the interactive shell (the

of

the operating system you have, and the Total

message tells you how much physical memory is actually available for your use.

FILES AND DIRECTORIES

You have been automatically logged into the system
the visible files in your directory. Type

++

dir

dir:

++

as

user public. The command dir shows you

As

you can see, there are no visible files in your directory (unless someone else has left them

If

there).

There are a number

doesn't show files that begin with a period. To see these files, type

Each
command
about itself. (We won't show the full system response here, as it is so long. Try it for yourself on
your

(Here the system gives a list
press

(The system prints the help file for dir.)

We see that the command
list. The fundamental directory
type (be sure to leave a space between

someone else has used the system and created files, you

of

files in your directory that are invisible. The operating system normally

+

dir

+a

.login

++

of

these invisible files has a use. We'll talk about them later. To find out more about the

dir, you can use help, the on-line help utility. In fact, you can use help to find out

4405.)

++

help

Return to exit.)

Help
dir

++

help

of

commands for which help is available.

with

what

dir also can take an argument - the name

command?

of

the system, the root, is named "!". To see what it contains,

.shellbegin

dir and

I):

11

see the file names they left.

dir with the

.shellhistory

If

of

+a

option:

you want no help, just

the directory we want to

2-2

THE

++

dir

FIRST

/

TIME

(Here the system lists the files in "/".)

++

You need not be in a particular directory to give commands concerning files. You simply give
the file's path name (the sequence
the file
components. The

system. boot in the directory "/" contains the operating system kernel in addition

info utility shows you the version number and copyright information about this

of

directories from"

j")

in front

of

the file name. For example,

to

other

fundamental file. Type:

++

info
Tektronix
Version

as

Kernel:
Copyright
Technical
All

++

/system.boot

X.x

rights

4405

(C),

Systems

Operating

Released

YYYY,

reserved.

System

MMM

by

Consultants,

DD,

YYYY

Inc.

Other

Copyright

Tektronix,

All

rights

components:

(C),

YYYY,

Inc.

reserved.

by

When you don't specify a path name, you implicitly give the files the path

working directory,

in this case, the directory Ipublic. For example, create the following files:

++

create

++

++

crdir

++

++

dir

aDirectory

++

aFile

aDirectory

aFile

of

your current

you've created two files, both empty in the directory Ipublic. One, aFile, is just that - a file.
The other, aDirectory, is a directory, a special file that contains other files. Let's use the

(lower case L) option to dir

++

dir
aDirectory
aFile

++

The fields in the directory listing (from left

1.

The name

of

the file.

+1

to

find out more about them. Type:

1 d

o

rwxrwx
rw-rw-

to

right) are:

2
1

public
public

12:00
12:01

Nov
Nov

29,1985
29,1985

+ I

2.

The size

3.

The file type (d for directories, b for block devices, c for character devices, and blank for

files). The special file, aDirectory, has a

of

the file in 512 byte blocks

(1

for aDirectory 0 for aFile).

d for directory; aFile is a normal file (blank).

4. The pennissions for the file (rwxrwx for aDirectory, rw-rw- for aFile). The first three
characters are the read, write, and execute permissions for the file's owner, the next three

4405

USERS

2-3

THE

FIRST

TIME

the pennissions for all others. See

Manual

5. A count

6.

The file's owner (user public).

7.

The time and date the file was created (or last modified).

for a complete explanation

of

how many other files are linked

perms

of

in the 4400 Series Operating System Reference

pennissions.

to

that file (2 for aDirectory and 1 for aFile).

MOVING AROUND IN THE DIRECTORY

Use the command
directory).

chd with

you the name

++
++

++
++

++
++

chd

to change your location in the directory structure (your current working

no

argument returns you to your home directory. The command

of

your current working directory:

path

/public

chd

aDirectory

path

/public/aDirectory

path

tells

If

you now create a file, newFiIe, it will have a path name IpubliclaDirectorylnewFile. To access
this file from outside the directory
directory

IpubliclaDirectory, then a

IpubliclaDirectory, you must give the path name

I,

and as the last element, the name

of

the file, newFile. Let's

of

the

try it and see.

++

create

++

++

dir

newFile

++

Notice that when you give a file
option does. Now, to change directories

newFile

newFile

0

rw-rw-

as

an argument to dir, it returns the same information the

1

public

try

chd without an argument. It will get you back to

12:05

Nov

29,1985

+1

your home directory from wherever you might be. You can also combine more than one
command on a single command line by separating them with a semicolon. Try that also:

++

chdipath

/public

++

Where's the file newFile

we

created a moment ago? Let's see:

2-4

++

dir

newFile

***

on

Error:

file

File

"newFile"

doesn't

++

It's

obviously not in the directory Ipublic. Let's

++

dir

/public/aDirectory/newFile

/public/aDirectory/newFile

Nov

29,1985

++

exist.

try

the file's path name:

While

0

rw-rw-

Getting

1

THE

file

public

FIRST

status

12:05

TIME

The shell also contains a directory stack, a list
to the directory

You are now in the directory
back to the last stored; directory, use the command

Ibin and save your present directory, use the pushd command:

++

pushd
/bin
/bin

++

popd
/public

++

path
/public

/bin;path

/public

Ibin

with the directory Ipublic stored on the directory stack. To get

of

directories that you can move among. To move

popd:

SOME shell FEATURES

The interactive shell contains many capabilities to help you in your work. Let's look at a few
them.

history

of

The shell keeps an ongoing record

(.

she llh is

commands to save yourself typing.
To recall your previous commands, Type

were given earlier in this session, you see:

4405

USERS

to

ry

) gets updated when you log out

of

the last commands you've given it. This command file

of

the system. You can recall and edit these

history and,

if

you typed exactly the commands that

2-5