Tektronix 2714,2715 Programmer Manual
Programmer Manual
2714 & 2715
Spectrum Analyzer
070-8533-05
This document supports Firmware
Version 10.28.98.
Copyright © T ektronix, Inc. All rights reserved.
T ektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supercedes
that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved.
Printed in the U.S.A.
T ektronix, Inc., P.O. Box 1000, Wilsonville, OR 97070–1000
TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of T ektronix, Inc.
WARRANTY
T ektronix warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year
from the date of shipment. If any such product proves defective during this warranty period, T ektronix, at its option, either
will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the
defective product.
In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the
warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Customer shall be responsible for
packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by T ektronix, with shipping charges prepaid.
T ektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the
T ektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any
other charges for products returned to any other locations.
This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate
maintenance and care. T ektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage resulting
from attempts by personnel other than T ektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product; b) to repair
damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; or c) to service a product that has been
modified or integrated with other products when the effect of such modification or integration increases the time or
difficulty of servicing the product.
THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THIS PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY
OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
TEKTRONIX’ RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE AND
EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUST OMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY. TEKTRONIX
AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT , SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS
ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Message Structure
Functional Groups
Introduction to Programming 1–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RS-232 Operation (Option 08) 1–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operation Over the RS-232 Interface 1–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting Up for RS-232 Operation 1–5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GPIB Operation (Option 03) 1–11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operation Over the GPIB 1–13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting Up for GPIB Operation 1–15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Instrument-Specific Message Structure 2–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
What Is A Message? 2–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Message Buffering (RS-232) 2–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Message Buffering (GPIB) 2–7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Message Format 2–8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Functional Groups 3–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Command/Query List 3–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Command And Query Functional Groups 3–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Command/Query
Status Reporting
Programming
Command and Query Definitions 4–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
T ypographical Conventions 4–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Commands and Queries 4–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Status Reporting 5–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RS-232 Error Reporting 5–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Service Request 5–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Status Byte 5–11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Event Codes 5–15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Programming 6–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction to RS-232 Programming 6–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RS-232 Program Examples 6–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Remote Menu Control 6–39. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction to GPIB Programming 6–44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Beginning Your GPIB Program 6–44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Error Trapping 6–46. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2714 & 2715 Programmer Manual
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Table of Contents
Appendices
GPIB System Software 6–48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GPIB Sample Subroutines 6–48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sample GPIB Controller 6–61. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix A: RS-232 Concepts A–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction To RS-232 Communications A–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Implementation of the RS-232 Interface A–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Related Documentation A–7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix B: GPIB System Concepts B–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mechanical Elements B–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical Elements B–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Functional Elements B–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A Typical GPIB System B–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
T alkers, Listeners, and Controllers B–5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interface Control Messages B–5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Device-Dependent Messages B–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GPIB Signal Line Definitions B–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interface Functions and Messages B–14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index
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2714 & 2715 Programmer Manual
List of Figures
Table of Contents
Figure 1–1: Two RS-232 System Configurations 1–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–2: The RS-232 Port Configuration Menu 1–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–3: Typical Small Instrument System for GPIB 1–14. . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–4: Connecting Multiple Instruments on the GPIB 1–16. . . . . . . .
Figure 1–5: The Spectrum Analyzer’s GPIB Port Configuration
Menu 1–17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 4–1: Format of Curve Data 4–25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 4–2: Spectrum Analyzer Graticule Coordinates 4–26. . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 6–1: Terminal Display of ID? Query Response 6–3. . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 6–2: Terminal Display Before CATV XMOD Test Begins 6–26. . . .
Figure 6–3: Terminal Display of CATV XMOD Test Results 6–26. . . . . . .
Figure 6–4: A Remote Menu 6–40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 6–5: Prompting for a Numeric Entry 6–41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 6–6: Specifying a Numeric Value 6–42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 6–7: A Remote Submenu 6–43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 6–8: Possible Data Acquisition Scheme 6–54. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 6–9: Possible Data Print/Plot Scheme 6–55. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure A–1: RS-232 Representation of a Character A–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure A–2: Rear Panel RS-232 Connector A–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure A–3: 9-pin Female to 9-pin Female Null-Modem Cable A–4. . . . .
Figure A–4: 9-pin Female to 25-pin Female Null-Modem Cable A–5. . . .
Figure A–5: 9-pin Female to 25-pin Male Extension Cable A–6. . . . . . . .
Figure B–1: IEEE Std 488.1 (GPIB) Connector B–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure B–2: Typical GPIB System B–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure B–3: Example of Data Byte Traffic B–11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure B–4: Handshake Timing Sequence, Idealized B–12. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–1: Two RS-232 System Configurations 1–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–2: The RS-232 Port Configuration Menu 1–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–3: Typical Small Instrument System for GPIB 1–14. . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 1–4: Connecting Multiple Instruments on the GPIB 1–16. . . . . . . .
Figure 1–5: The Spectrum Analyzer’s GPIB Port
2714 & 2715 Programmer Manual
Configuration Menu 1–17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Table of Contents
Figure 4–1: Format of Curve Data 4–25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 4–2: Spectrum Analyzer Graticule Coordinates 4–26. . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 6–1: Terminal Display of ID? Query Response 6–3. . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 6–2: Terminal Display Before CATV XMOD Test Begins 6–26. . . .
Figure 6–3: Terminal Display of CATV XMOD Test Results 6–26. . . . . . .
Figure 6–4: A Remote Menu 6–40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 6–5: Prompting for a Numeric Entry 6–41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 6–6: Specifying a Numeric Value 6–42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 6–7: A Remote Submenu 6–43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 6–8: Possible Data Acquisition Scheme 6–54. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 6–9: Possible Data Print/Plot Scheme 6–55. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure A–1: RS-232 Representation of a Character A–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure A–2: Rear Panel RS-232 Connector A–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure B–1: IEEE Std 488.1 (GPIB) Connector B–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure B–2: Typical GPIB System B–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure B–3: Example of Data Byte Traffic B–11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure B–4: Handshake Timing Sequence, Idealized B–12. . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2714 & 2715 Programmer Manual
List of Tables
Table of Contents
Table 1–1: National Instruments PCII Board Characteristics 1–19. . . . . .
Table 1–2: National Instruments PCIIA Board Characteristics 1–19. . . .
Table 1–3: TEK_SA Device Characteristics 1–20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 3–1: Commands and Queries 3–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 3–2: FREQ/MKRS Front Panel Commands 3–5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 3–3: MKR/FREQ Menu Commands 3–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 3–4: FREQUENCY, SPAN/DIV and REF LEVEL Front Panel
Commands 3–8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 3–5: VERT SCALE, PLOT, and READOUT Front Panel
Commands 3–9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 3–6: INPUT Menu Commands 3–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 3–7: SWP/TRIG Menu Commands 3–11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 3–8: SWEEP and RES BW Front Panel Commands 3–12. . . . . . . .
Table 3–9: DISPLAY STORAGE Front Panel Commands 3–13. . . . . . . .
Table 3–10: DSPL Menu Commands 3–14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 3–11: CATV/APPL Menu Commands (CATV Mode Active) 3–18.
Table 3–12: CATV/APPL Menu Commands (CATV Mode Inactive) 3–23
Table 3–13: UTIL Menu Commands 3–24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 3–14: DEMOD Menu Commands 3–26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 3–15: Curve and Waveform Commands 3–27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 3–16: System-Related Commands 3–27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 3–17: Miscellaneous Commands 3–28. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 4–1: CATv Command Arguments 4–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 4–2: CATv? Query Arguments 4–15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 4–3: File Types 4–35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 4–4: Valid File Names 4–36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 4–5: Miscellaneous Files 4–36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 4–6: Arguments of the KEY Command 4–44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 4–7: Arguments of the WFMpre? Query 4–91. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 4–8: Related Formulas 4–91. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 5–1: Event Codes 5–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 5–2: General System Status Bytes 5–12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 5–3: General Device-Dependent Status Bytes 5–12. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 5–4: Specific System Status Bytes 5–12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 5–5: Specific Device-Dependent Status Bytes 5–13. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2714 & 2715 Programmer Manual
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Table of Contents
Table 5–6: Event Priorities 5–13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 5–7: Event Code Categories 5–15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 6–1: Variable Names 6–45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 6–2: GPIB System Software Callable Subroutines 6–48. . . . . . . . . .
Table A–1: Back Panel RS-232 Connections A–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table A–2: 9-pin Female to 9-pin Female Null-Modem Cable A–4. . . . .
Table A–3: 9-pin Female to 25-pin Female Null-Modem Cable A–5. . . .
Table A–4: 9-pin Female to 25-pin Male Extension Cable A–6. . . . . . . . .
Table B–1: Major GPIB Interface Functions B–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table B–2: Interface Messages and Functions: Remote Messages Received .
B–7
Table B–3: Interface Messages and Functions: Remote Messages Sent . . . . .
B–8
Table B–4: ASCII and GPIB Code Chart B–9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2714 & 2715 Programmer Manual
Introduction
Introduction to Programming
The Tektronix 2714 or 2715 Spectrum Analyzer allows remote control of its
functions with one of two communication port options. Option 08 provides an
RS-232 data communications interface; Option 03 provides an IEEE Standard
488.1 General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) communications interface.
With a desktop computer and an appropriate control program, you can configure
front panel settings (except those intended for local use only, such as INTENSITY) and acquire, transfer, process, and analyze data remotely.
The command set and message structure for the RS-232 and GPIB interfaces are
almost identical. However, a few interface-specific considerations, such as
communications parameters and protocols, are different. The setup for each
interface is described separately in this section.
NOTE. If your instrument is equipped with the RS-232 interface then continue
with the next subsection, RS-232 Operation (Option 08). Otherwise, turn to the
GPIB Operation (Option 03) subsection and follow the instructions there.
RS-232 Operation (Option 08)
NOTE. If your spectrum analyzer is equipped with a GPIB instrument bus, you
can skip this subsection.
The 2714 or 2715 Spectrum Analyzer follows EIA Standard RS-232 when
equipped with the RS-232 interface. This standard establishes electrical levels,
connector configuration, and signal protocols for communication between two
devices called the DCE (data circuit-terminating equipment) and the DTE (data
terminal equipment). The 2714 or 2715 implements the DTE end of the
interface.
Note that the RS-232 interface is NOT a bus. Only one device can be connected
to the instrument’s RS-232 interface. Unlike a GPIB interface, RS-232 does not
support device addresses or serial polling.
For example, if a computer is connected to the spectrum analyzer’s RS-232
interface, a printer or plotter could not be connected to the spectrum analyzer
without first disconnecting the computer. To plot screen data directly from the
spectrum analyzer, you would first have to disconnect the computer and then
connect your printer or plotter.
2714 & 2715 Programmer Manual
1–1
Introduction to Programming
The 2714 or 2715’s RS-232 interface requires a minimum of three signal lines
for operation:
H Transmit data (TXD)
H Receive data (RXD)
H Ground (GND)
If hardware handshake is required, additional lines must be supplied in the cable.
Refer to Appendix A: RS–232 Concepts for cabling diagrams.
The section titled Selecting a Data Flow Control Method on page 1–7 describes
the use of the additional lines for hardware flow control.
EIA Standard RS-232 defines other lines typically used for modem control and
handshaking. The 2714 or 2715 can operate using the minimum wiring
configuration. If the appropriate handshake lines are provided, a printer or plotter
that expects handshaking over the RS-232 interface may be used.
Data bits are transferred serially, one bit at a time, over the RS-232 interface.
Data consists of instrument commands and queries, control settings, parameter
values, or display information.
If a computer is connected to the spectrum analyzer by the RS-232 interface, the
computer’s serial interface (called a COM port if the controller is an MS-DOS
computer) must be correctly configured beforehand. Programmed commands and
data can then be transmitted over the interface to the instrument.
If a query such as FREQ? is transmitted, the spectrum analyzer formats its
response immediately and sends it back to the computer. The control program
must be ready to receive the incoming data. In the following subsections you
will learn how to set up your 2714 or 2715 for RS-232 operation. Appendix A:
RS-232 Concepts provides additional information concerning RS-232 implementation for the 2714 or 2715 including wiring for connectors and null-modem
adapters.
1–2
2714 & 2715 Programmer Manual
Operation Over the RS-232 Interface
The following equipment is required to operate the 2714 or 2715 Spectrum
Analyzer over the RS-232 interface:
H System controller or terminal
H Software device driver
H 2714 or 2715 equipped with an RS-232 interface (Option 08)
H Interconnecting cable
H Application software
H Printer or plotter (optional)
Figure 1–1 shows two typical RS-232 system configurations. The top illustration
shows a computer (PC) controlling the spectrum analyzer over the RS-232
interface; a plotter is connected to the computer over a Centronics interface. The
lower illustration shows the spectrum analyzer connected directly to a plotter by
the RS-232 interface.
Introduction to Programming
System Controller
Software Device Driver
2714 or 2715 Equipped
with RS-232 Interface
(Option 08)
The system controller can be any general purpose computer or terminal equipped
with an RS-232 interface (also called a COM port or serial interface). Specially
built controllers can be used, but are beyond the scope of this manual. The
techniques and programs discussed in this manual are appropriate to the IBM PC
family of computers and their function-alike counterparts that support the
MS-DOS, PC-DOS, or OS/2 environments.
The device driver is a program that handles input and output to the RS-232
interface on your computer. The driver for your system depends on the operating
system and the programming language you are using. For example, if you are
operating a PC, the RS-232 driver configuration may be set with the MS-DOS
MODE command. If your control program is written in the BASIC or QuickBASIC language, optional arguments in the OPEN statement can supply RS-232
configuration settings.
Your 2714 or 2715 Spectrum Analyzer must be equipped with an RS-232 port to
communicate over the RS-232 interface. If your 2714 or 2715 is equipped with
the GPIB interface (Option 03), refer to GPIB Operation later in this section.
Press the key sequence [UTIL] [4] [9] to see a list of the installed options and
capabilities.
2714 & 2715 Programmer Manual
1–3
Introduction to Programming
Controller
Hardcopy Device
Spectrum Analyzer
RS-232Centronics
HPGL-Compatible Plotter
or
Epson-Compatible Printer
Spectrum Analyzer
RS-232
Interconnecting Cable
Application Software
Printer or Plotter
(Optional)
Figure 1–1: Two RS-232 System Configurations
An appropriate cable is required to connect between the controller and the
spectrum analyzer. The pinout and connector type on the 2714 or 2715 are
identical to the 9-pin connector used for PC/AT type RS-232 interfaces. Such
cables are available in most computer stores. For some RS-232 devices,
null-modem adapters will be needed. Refer to Appendix A for further information on connectors and adapters.
Application software is the program or programs that control and acquire data
from the spectrum analyzer. You can write your own programs using the
information in this manual. Off-the-shelf software is also available.
A printer or plotter (not both simultaneously) can be connected to the RS-232
interface to provide hard-copy output. A printer is the preferred instrument for
character-based data such as parameter values or instrument settings. Plotters
provide superior results when displaying graphical data.
A printer or plotter cannot be connected to the spectrum analyzer’s interface
when a computer is connected. For this reason you must choose between
computer control or hard-copy output when working directly from the 2714 or
2715’s RS-232 interface. An alternate approach connects the computer to the
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2714 & 2715 Programmer Manual
spectrum analyzer interface while using a control program to acquire data from
the spectrum analyzer. A second RS-232 port, a GPIB port, or a Centronics port
on the computer is then used to produce output on a printer or plotter.
Setting Up for RS-232 Operation
Your equipment must be correctly configured before performing RS-232
operations. The following tasks must be completed:
H Installation of cables between the system components
H Configuration of the spectrum analyzer and device driver
H Installation of the device driver into controller memory
H Configuration of the (optional) printer or plotter
This section describes each task in detail.
Introduction to Programming
Connecting the
Equipment
Configuring the
Spectrum Analyzer
Only one device (computer, plotter, or printer) can be attached to the spectrum
analyzer’s RS-232 interface. For systems consisting of a controller and the
spectrum analyzer, simply connect one end of the interconnecting cable to each
device. Figure 1–1 shows two possible configurations. See Appendix A: RS-232
Concepts for the cable configuration appropriate for your system.
Both devices (the computer and spectrum analyzer) in an RS-232 system must be
configured the same way. Before setting up the spectrum analyzer, be sure to
check the configuration settings for the device with which you expect to
communicate.
To set the spectrum analyzer configuration settings, turn on the power to the
2714 or 2715 and press the key sequence
[UTIL] [4] [0] [2]
on the spectrum analyzer KEYPAD. An RS-232 PORT CONFIGURATION
Menu appears that is similar to the one shown in Figure 1–2. This menu allows
for configuration of the spectrum analyzer’s RS-232 parameters. Following are
detailed descriptions of each parameter in the RS-232 PORT CONFIGURATION
Menu.
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Introduction to Programming
RSĆ232 PORT CONFIGURATION
0 STATUS ONLINE/OFFLINE
1 BAUD RATE 110 Ć 9600
2 DATA BITS 7/8
3 PARITY NONE/ODD/EVEN
4 EOL CR/LF/CR LF
5 FLOW CONTROL HARD/SOFT/NONE
6 ECHO ON/OFF
7 VERBOSE ON/OFF
Figure 1–2: The RS-232 Port Configuration Menu
Placing the 2714 or 2715 Online. Item 0 of the RS-232 PORT CONFIGURATION
Menu, STATUS, controls the RS-232 online/offline status. When the status is set
to OFFLINE, the RS-232 interface is ignored; data is neither received nor
transmitted. After all preparations have been completed and RS-232 operations
are ready to begin, press [0] on the KEYPAD to toggle item 0 until the STATUS
indicates ONLINE. The spectrum analyzer is then ready to exchange information
over the RS-232 interface.
Setting the Baud Rate. Item 1 of the RS-232 PORT CONFIGURATION Menu,
BAUD RATE, sets the baud rate of the spectrum analyzer. Baud rate represents
how fast data is transmitted across the interface. To select a baud rate, repeatedly
press [1] on the KEYPAD until the baud rate you desire is displayed. Baud rates
ranging between 110 and 9600 are available.
The number of stop bits used is automatically selected by the spectrum analyzer
when you change baud rates. If the baud rate is 110, two stop bits are selected.
One stop bit is selected for all other baud rates.
NOTE. The spectrum analyzer baud rate must equal the baud rate of the other
device connected to the RS-232 interface.
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Setting the Number of Data Bits. Item 2 of the RS-232 PORT CONFIGURATION
Menu, DATA BITS, selects the number of data bits sent per character. This is
either seven or eight. Eight bits must be selected for binary transfers. Press [2] on
the KEYPAD to choose between seven or eight data bits.
Setting Parity . Item 3 of the RS-232 PORT CONFIGURATION Menu, PARITY,
determines whether odd or even parity is used for data checking, or it selects no
parity checking. The default setting is NONE. To change the PARITY selection,
repeatedly press [3] on the KEYPAD until ODD, EVEN, or NONE is displayed.
Setting the Message Terminator. Item 4 of the RS-232 PORT CONFIGURATION
Menu, EOL, selects the EOL (end-of-line) indicator used to terminate messages
sent over the spectrum analyzer’s RS-232 interface. The terminator can be CR
(carriage return, ASCII 13), LF (line feed, ASCII 10), or CR LF (carriage return
followed by line feed). To change the EOL status selection, repeatedly press [4]
on the KEYPAD until CR, LF, or CRLF is displayed.
When a controller sends data, the spectrum analyzer interprets either CR or LF as
a terminator, independent of the setting.
Selecting a Data Flow Control Method. Item 5 of the RS-232 PORT CONFIGURATION Menu, FLOW CONTROL, selects between three flow control
methods: SOFT, HARD, or NONE. An explanation of each selection follows.
SOFT: When the spectrum analyzer sends data through the interface and SOFT
flow control is enabled, CTRL-S (ASCII 19, same as pressing [CTRL] and [S]
simultaneously) halts the data stream until CTRL-Q (ASCII 17) is received. Any
other character received in the interim is ignored. This type of flow control can
be used with a 3-wire setup because additional handshake lines are not needed.
When SOFT control is selected, the spectrum analyzer sends CTRL-S when its
input data buffer is within 200 characters of being full. It sends CTRL-Q when
the buffer empties to the point at which additional characters can be safely
accepted (less than 200 characters remain in the buffer). If the input buffer is
allowed to overflow, the spectrum analyzer discards the incoming data and
signals an error (Event 372).
HARD: When HARD flow control is selected, the instrument sends data as long
as the CTS (Clear-To-Send) line is TRUE and stops sending data if CTS goes
FALSE. Additional handshake lines (more than a 3-wire RS-232 implementation) are required to support HARD flow control.
When receiving data and HARD flow control is selected, the spectrum analyzer
asserts RTS (Request-To-Send) TRUE until the input buffer is within 200
characters of being full. It then sets RTS FALSE. Data is received while RTS is
FALSE until the buffer overflows. If the buffer is allowed to overflow, the
spectrum analyzer signals an error (Event 372), and incoming data is discarded.
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Introduction to Programming
NONE: No flow control is used.
Follow these general rules when selecting a flow control method:
H Do not use SOFT flow control when transmitting file or waveform data
(binary transfers) because there is no guarantee that the ASCII-decimal
values corresponding to CTRL-S and CTRL-Q do not appear in the input
stream. Instead, specify HARD flow control or NONE for files and
waveform data.
H If NONE is specified, you must ensure that buffers do not overflow. This can
be done by allocating enough buffer space to handle most contingencies. A
buffer size of 1200 is sufficient for most purposes. The 2714 or 2715 uses a
1200-byte, internal input buffer.
Selecting the Echo Feature. Item 6 of the RS-232 PORT CONFIGURATION
Menu, ECHO, chooses ECHO modes of ON or OFF. ECHO mode is intended
primarily as a means of interacting with the 2714 or 2715 from a “dumb”
terminal, or for testing purposes. Press [6] on the KEYPAD to choose between
ON or OFF.
When ECHO is OFF, the spectrum analyzer does not return the characters it
receives to the controller. For most cases, ECHO should be OFF. However, set
ECHO to ON when using a “dumb” terminal to control the spectrum analyzer.
When ECHO is ON, the spectrum analyzer echoes each character it receives back
to the controller. This can cause problems for the control program if it is not
expecting the characters. Additional time is required to process each returned
character, so it is possible to experience buffer overrun at 9600 baud if the
character rate is too high. After each command or query is completed, the
spectrum analyzer prompts for further input by returning the string “>” to the
controller.
For example, if ECHO mode is ON, “>” appears on the terminal or computer
display screen. If the query “VPO?” is entered, the spectrum analyzer returns
“VPO?” followed by a normal response to the query, such as “VPOLARITY
POSITIVE”. It then appends the “>” to indicate that it is ready to receive
additional commands.
ECHO mode is sometimes useful for interactive testing because it lets you see
each character received by the spectrum analyzer. Following are some important
ECHO mode characteristics:
H If SOFT flow control is enabled, CTRL-S and CTRL-Q are not echoed, but
they perform their normal functions.
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H If either CR or LF is received by the spectrum analyzer, it is echoed as the
currently selected output terminator.
2714 & 2715 Programmer Manual
Introduction to Programming
H Any other control character echoes as an up arrow (^) followed by a capital
letter. For example, ^X represents pressing the [CTRL] and [X] keys at the
same time.
H ECHO should not be ON with binary transfers.
H When ECHO is ON the prompt character appears on the display under other
conditions: 1) when the instrument is powered up or placed on-line with
ECHO mode ON, 2) when ECHO is turned on, and 3) after a device clear
(break) is received.
Verbose Mode and Error Handling. Item 7 of the RS-232 PORT CONFIGURATION Menu, VERBOSE, turns VERBOSE mode ON and OFF. This feature
is provided as an alternative to the GPIB SRQ mechanism. It is generally used
when controlling the spectrum analyzer with a “dumb” terminal. Press [7] on the
KEYPAD to choose between ON or OFF.
When ON, VERBOSE mode forces the spectrum analyzer to respond for each
command it receives. The response will be one of the following:
Installing and Configuring
the Device Driver
H An event code for an abnormal condition
H A response for a successful query (FREq?)
H The string “OK” for a successful non-query
Refer to Status Reporting for additional information on error handling for
instruments with the RS-232 interface.
If you are using special applications software or a custom RS-232 driver, follow
the detailed instructions for installing and configuring the device driver included
with it. However, for PC-type controllers running MS-DOS, the driver is part of
the operating system. You can configure a serial communications port with the
MODE command by entering a command similar to the following example:
MODE COM1:9600,n,8,1
This command configures the COM1 interface to run at 9600 baud, no parity, 8
data bits, and 1 stop bit.
NOTE. You must use the same setup information for the controller and the
spectrum analyzer.
A program statement, such as OPEN in the BASIC language, is an alternative way
to configure the driver. This method of driver configuration is recommended
because it sets the driver to a known, and presumably correct, operating state
from within the application program and just prior to actual operation. If the
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Introduction to Programming
MODE command is used, the last settings applied to the interface must be used. If
this data is not used, your program will not work properly.
Configuring the (Optional)
Printer or Plotter
Communicating with the
Spectrum Analyzer
A variety of printers and plotters are available for use with your system. The
serial or parallel printer of your choice may be connected to the appropriate
computer port. For example, the Centronics- or GPIB-compatible, 4-pen
Tektronix HC100 plotter is recommended. Its four pens provide a useful
complement to the four-trace capability of the 2714 or 2715.
A serial printer or plotter, such as the Tektronix HC100 Option 03, can be
attached to the spectrum analyzer’s RS-232 interface instead of a computer
controller. This arrangement enables data transfer directly from the spectrum
analyzer to the printer or plotter with a remote PLOT command when the system
controller is unavailable. Of course, the spectrum analyzer must be correctly
configured using the SCREEN PLOT CONFIGURATION Menu (key sequence
[UTIL] [4] [1]).
Figure 1–1, located earlier in this section, shows two alternative configurations
using a printer. A plotter could be substituted for the printer in either configuration.
The RS-232 interface enables remote or automated control of the 2714 or 2715
Spectrum Analyzer. An application program (often called a test, measurement, or
control program) determines 2714 or 2715 operations by exchanging spectrum
analyzer-specific messages with the instrument.
Preparing the Software
The spectrum analyzer-specific messages are also referred to as device-dependent
messages. They are generally understood by and meaningful to only the
instrument, or class of instruments, for which they are designed. The organization of the spectrum analyzer-specific messages is explained in the next section
of this manual. Functional Groups provides a summary of the messages.
Command and Query Definitions describes the individual messages in detail, and
Programming provides some programming examples.
Programmed commands and data are transmitted over the interface to the
instrument as soon as they are delivered to the driver. If the command is a query
(FREQ? for example), the spectrum analyzer formats a response immediately and
sends it back to the computer. The control program is responsible for handling
incoming data in a timely fashion.
After completing the setup procedures your equipment is ready for RS-232
operation, but you must still provide the software needed to control the spectrum
analyzer. When creating new software this is usually a two step process. The first
step is to establish the programming environment. Next you can create and run
the control program. If you are using ready-made control software, simply follow
the supplier’s instructions.
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The programming requirements for RS-232 control are more complex than those
for GPIB operation. Programming contains a complete example of an interactive
RS-232 control program. This program is functionally similar to the GPIB
program example located later in this section (refer to A GPIB Instrument
Control Program on page 1–23).
GPIB Operation (Option 03)
Option 03 adds a General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) port. This GPIB port
conforms to the IEEE 488.1 Standard and to the Tektronix Interface Standard for
GPIB Codes, Formats, Conventions, and Features. This standard promotes ease
of operation and, so far as possible, makes this spectrum analyzer compatible
with other Tektronix instruments and with GPIB instruments from other
manufacturers.
The IEEE 488.1 Standard establishes electrical levels, connector configuration,
and signal protocols for communication between two or more electronic
instruments using a common multi-line bus structure. The bus structure, known
as the GPIB, consists of eight data lines, eight dedicated control signal lines, a
shield, and various grounds.
Introduction to Programming
Data is transferred via eight data lines in a bit parallel, byte serial fashion. That
is, the eight bits of a data byte are placed on the eight data lines simultaneously.
As soon as they are transferred, the next 8-bit data byte is placed on the lines and
is transferred. Data consists of instrument commands and queries, control
settings, parameter values, or display information.
The eight control lines are divided into three transfer control (handshake) lines
and five interface management lines. Handshaking and interface management are
necessary because the bus operates asynchronously. This means that signals can
be generated by one instrument without regard for what other instruments may
be doing, or the rate at which other instruments can carry out an operation. For
instance, two instruments may try to send information simultaneously, or a high
speed instrument may try to send data to a slower instrument.
Instruments connected to the bus are designated as talker, listener, or both talker
and listener. A listener can only receive information over the bus and a talker can
only send information. A talker and listener can do both (but not simultaneously).
One instrument is usually designated as the system controller. This is generally a
computer that determines, through software, when specific instruments are
activated as talkers or listeners. Each instrument is assigned a unique address
between 0 and 30, but only 15 instruments can be connected to the bus
simultaneously.
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The following example illustrates how data transfer typically takes place (except
in the case of abnormal events; see Status Reporting).
1. The instrument on the bus that is designated as system controller determines
(through operator intervention or program control) that it needs to send a
message to one of the other instruments.
2. Using the data and interface management lines, the controller first addresses
the desired instrument as a listener. This is called LISTENING an instrument.
3. Instruments on the bus are normally idle, and they signal using the hand-
shake lines when they are ready to receive data. The controller then places
the first byte of the message on the bus, indicating the type of information it
wants.
4. Next the controller signals, using the handshake lines, that the data byte is
ready.
5. As the listener accepts the data byte, it signals over the handshake lines that
it has done so. The controller then removes the data from the data lines.
6. The process from steps 3, 4, and 5 is repeated until the entire message has
been transferred.
7. The controller indicates that the last data byte has been sent. Depending on
the option selected, one of two methods is used: 1) Signaling over the end or
identify (EOI) interface management line simultaneously with the last data
byte, or 2) Appending the ASCII codes for carriage return (CR) and line feed
(LF) to the end of the message and simultaneously signaling EOI.
8. When the message is complete, the controller normally UNLISTENS the
instrument. If a message requires a response, the controller then addresses
the instrument as a talker (TALKS the instrument).
9. Now the instrument places the first byte of the response on the data bus and
signals that it is ready.
10. After the controller reads the byte, it signals (over the handshake lines) that it
has done so and is ready to receive more data. The process repeats until EOI
is detected, at which point the controller normally UNTALKS the instrument.
The data transfer process is transparent to you. It is carried out by the spectrum
analyzer, the GPIB board in your controller, and the device driver software
(generally supplied with the GPIB board). In the following subsections you will
learn how to set up your spectrum analyzer for GPIB operation. See Appendix B:
GPIB System Concepts for additional information concerning IEEE 488.1 and
the GPIB.
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Operation Over the GPIB
The following equipment is required to operate the 2714 or 2715 Spectrum
Analyzer over the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB):
H System controller
H Software device driver
H 2714 or 2715 equipped with the GPIB interface (Option 03)
H Interconnecting cable
H Application software
H Printer or plotter (optional)
Figure 1–3 shows an example of a simple GPIB system consisting of a printer
and plotter.
Introduction to Programming
System Controller
Software Device Driver
The system controller can be any general purpose computer equipped with a
GPIB board. Specially built controllers can also be used, but are beyond the
scope of this manual. The techniques and programs discussed in this manual are
appropriate to the IBM family of personal computers (PCs) and their functionalike counterparts, which support the MS-DOS, PC-DOS, or OS/2 environments.
To function as a controller, your computer must be equipped with a GPIB board.
Tektronix supplies three National Instruments GPIB boards for your convenience:
H PC-GPIB Package provides a PCII/IIA board; order S3FG210
H AT-GPIB Package provides a 16-bit AT Bus interface board; order S3FG220
H MC-GPIB Package provides a 16-bit Micro Channel interface board; order
S3FG230
The device driver is a program (usually supplied with the GPIB board) that tells
your computer how to access the board. For the National Instruments PCII,
PCIIA, or PCII/IIA GPIB boards, the device driver is a file named GPIB.COM. An
additional program is usually supplied that enables you to correctly configure the
driver by providing information such as the instrument address and the type of
message terminator. The National Instruments program is named IBCONF.EXE.
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Introduction to Programming
Controller
Hardcopy Device
Spectrum Analyzer
RS-232Centronics
Plotter
GPIB
2714 or 2715 Equipped
with the GPIB Interface
(Option 03)
Interconnect Cable
Application Software
Figure 1–3: T ypical Small Instrument System for GPIB
Your 2714 or 2715 must be equipped with the Option 03 GPIB interface to
operate over the General Purpose Interface Bus. Refer to RS-232 Operation
(Option 08) on page 1–1 for configuration information if your instrument has
the RS-232 interface. Press the key sequence [UTIL] [4] [9] to see a list of the
installed options and capabilities.
An appropriate interconnect cable is required to connect the controller to the
spectrum analyzer. Cables may be purchased from Tektronix by ordering one of
these part numbers:
H P/N 012-0991-01 (1 meter)
H P/N 012-0630-01 (2 meter)
Application software is the program or programs that control and acquire data
from the spectrum analyzer. You can write your own programs with the
information in this manual. However, you will need the applications interface
software supplied by the GPIB board manufacturer. For the PCII/IIA board and
the QuickBASIC language, these programs have names such as QBIB4.OBJ,
QBIB4728.OBJ, and QBDECL4.BAS. The programs include the BASIC device
function calls which enable you to communicate easily over the GPIB. The
function calls are an integral part of your application programs.
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Introduction to Programming
Printer or Plotter
(Optional)
A printer, a plotter, or both can be added to your system to provide hard-copy
output. Printers are preferred for character-based data such as parameter values or
instrument settings. Plotters provide superior results when displaying graphical
data. A convenient approach is to install a printer on a parallel port of the
controller and a GPIB-compatible plotter on the bus. With this approach,
graphical data can be plotted directly from the spectrum analyzer when the
controller is not available.
See Setting the TALK ONLY Option on page 1–18.
Setting Up for GPIB Operation
Your equipment must be correctly configured before GPIB operations can be
performed. The following tasks must be completed:
H Installation of cables between the system components
H Configuration of the spectrum analyzer and device driver
H Installation of the device driver into controller memory
H Configuration of the (optional) printer and/or plotter
This section describes each task in detail.
Connecting the
Equipment
Configuring the Spectrum
Analyzer
Placing the 2714 or 2715
Online
If your system consists of a controller and spectrum analyzer, you can simply
connect one end of the interconnecting cable to each instrument. A star configuration, daisy chain configuration, or combination of these (Figure 1–4) should be
used when more than two instruments are on the bus. Up to 15 instruments can
be connected.
To maintain electrical performance of the bus, use only one 2-meter cable per
instrument, and ensure that at least 2/3 of the connected instruments are
powered up.
Turn on the power to the spectrum analyzer. Press the key sequence:
[UTIL] [4] [0] [0]
A GPIB PORT CONFIGURATION Menu appears. It should resemble the one
shown in Figure 1–5. You will use this menu to configure the GPIB parameters.
Item 0 of the GPIB PORT CONFIGURATION Menu, STATUS, controls the
GPIB ONLINE/OFFLINE status (see Figure 1–5). After all preparations have
been completed and GPIB operations are ready to begin, press [0] on the
KEYPAD to toggle item 0 until the STATUS indicates ONLINE. The spectrum
analyzer is then ready to exchange information over the GPIB.
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Introduction to Programming
C
B D
A
Setting the GPIB Device
Address
F
A B C D E F
Star
Daisy Chain
E
Figure 1–4: Connecting Multiple Instruments on the GPIB
Item 1 of the GPIB PORT CONFIGURATION Menu, GPIB ADDRESS, sets the
spectrum analyzer’s GPIB device address. You must assign a primary address to
the spectrum analyzer (the 2714 or 2715 does not support secondary addresses).
The address can have a value from 0 through 30. However, addresses 0 and 30
are usually reserved for system controllers.
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GPIB PORT CONFIGURATION
0 STATUS ON/OFFLINE
1 GPIB ADDRESS 0 Ć 30
2 POWER ON SRQ ON/OFF
3 EOI/LF MODE LF/EOI
4 TALK ONLY MODE ON/OFF
Figure 1–5: The Spectrum Analyzer’s GPIB PORT CONFIGURATION Menu
The Power-On SRQ
The address you assign is not critical, but it must not be the same address used
for any other instrument on the bus.
NOTE. The GPIB address assigned to the spectrum analyzer must be the same as
the one that was used to configure the device driver for the spectrum analyzer.
To assign the address, select item 1, GPIB ADDRESS, from the GPIB PORT
CONFIGURATION Menu. Follow the on-screen prompts to enter the desired
address using the KEYPAD for data entry. If the spectrum analyzer is the only
instrument on the bus, we suggest using 1 as the address. The address you set is
read immediately by the spectrum analyzer and is permanently retained in
non-volatile memory.
Item 2 of the GPIB PORT CONFIGURATION Menu, POWER ON SRQ, causes
the spectrum analyzer to produce an SRQ at power up. To generate a POWER
ON SRQ, press [2] on the KEYPAD until the status changes to ON.
Normally there is no need to have the spectrum analyzer generate an SRQ when
it powers up. Therefore, the default setting of item 2, POWER ON SRQ, is OFF.
However, some test sequences require that the power to the spectrum analyzer is
removed (power down). Under these conditions it may be beneficial for the
program to sense the return of power.
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Introduction to Programming
Setting the Message
Terminator
Setting the TALK ONLY
Option
Item 3 of the GPIB PORT CONFIGURATION Menu, EOI/LF MODE, selects
the message terminator. Whenever a message is transmitted over the bus, the
instrument sending the message must signify to other instruments on the bus
(including the system controller) that the message has been completed. This is
done in one of two ways:
H The interface management line named End Or Identify (EOI) is brought to
its low state simultaneously with the last data byte that is transmitted.
H The ASCII codes for carriage return (CR) and line feed (LF) are appended to
the message string. EOI is still asserted (brought to its low state) simultaneously with the transmission of LF.
All Tektronix instruments and controllers are equipped to use the EOI selection.
You should, therefore, toggle item 3 of the GPIB PORT CONFIGURATION
Menu until its status changes to EOI. The LF OR EOI setting is included for
controllers that do not use the EOI signal line. The selection you choose is
permanently retained in non-volatile memory.
Item 4 of the GPIB PORT CONFIGURATION Menu, TALK ONLY MODE,
selects the spectrum analyzer’s TALK ONLY mode.
TALK ONLY mode must be selected to send the spectrum analyzer’s output
directly to a plotter without the use of a controller. Complete these steps to send
the spectrum analyzer’s display directly to a plotter:
Configuring the Device
Driver
1. Disconnect all instruments except the spectrum analyzer and the plotter from
the bus.
2. Place the plotter in the LISTEN ONLY mode (usually done with controls on
the plotter).
3. Press the key sequence [UTIL] [4] [0] and then press [4] until the TALK
ONLY status indicates ON.
4. Press the front-panel key labelled [PLOT].
TALK ONLY mode must be disabled when the spectrum analyzer is used with a
controller, because the spectrum analyzer must talk to and listen to the controller.
To use the spectrum analyzer with a controller, press [4] on the KEYPAD until
the status indicates OFF. The system controller will determine when the
spectrum analyzer should be addressed as a talker or listener.
Instructions for configuring the device driver should be included with your GPIB
board. For example, complete the following steps when using a National
Instruments PCII/IIA board:
1. Run the IBCONF.EXE program to configure the driver.
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