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Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System

User’s Manual

2700-900-01 Rev. K / February 2016

*P2700-900-01K*

2700-900-01K

A Greater Measure of Confidence

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System

User’s Manual

Document Number: 2700-900-01 Rev. K / February 2016

, Keithley Instruments

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Safety Precautions

04/09

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the product. Refer to the user documentation for complete product specifications.

cognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety

If the product is used in a manner not sp The types of product users are:

the

Responsible body is that the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product fo use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel p setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the user documentation. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel a trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley Instruments products are designed for use with electrical signals that and Measurement Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC

60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O signals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over-voltages. Measurement Category II connections require protection for high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the user documentation.

individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring

r its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper

erform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example,

e trained to work on live circuits, perform safe installations, and repair products. Only properly

ecified, the protection provided by the product warranty may be impaired.

are rated Measurement Category I

eth

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. L or test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all operators are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect

al voltage may be present on cable connector jacks

times. The responsible body must ensure that

themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000V , no conductive part

of the circuit may be exposed. Do not connect switching cards directly to un

limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, ensure that the line cord i Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is main input power disconnect device must be provided in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instrument circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used the safety of the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace

limited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance-

s connected to a properly-grounded power receptacle.

restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate

s while power is applied to the

the common side of the circuit under test or power line

in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions, or

accessories, as defined in the specifications and

with the same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.

If you are using a test fixture requires the use of a lid interlock.

If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground usin The symbol on an instrument means caution, risk of danger. T

located in the user documenta ti on in all case s wh ere th e symb ol is ma rked on the instrument. The symbol on an instrument means caution, risk of danger

contact with these voltages. The symbol on an instrument shows that The symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.

If this symbol is on a product, it indicates that mercury is prese must be properly disposed of according

, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation

g the wire recommended in the user documentation.

he user should refer to the operating instructions

. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal

the surface may be hot. Avoid personal contact to prevent burns.

nt in the display lamp. Please note that the lamp

to federal, state, and local laws.

The WARNING heading in the user documentation explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION h damage may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans. Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables. To maintain protection from electric shock a nd fire, replacement compon

transformer, test leads, and input jacks - must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses with applicable national safety approvals may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety-related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component (note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product). If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.

T o clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water-based clea not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., a data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

eading in the user documentation explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such

ents in mains circuits - including the power

ner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only . Do

1 Getting Started

General information ................................................................................. 1-2

Contact information ............................

Safety symbols and terms ................................................................. 1-2

Inspection .......................................................................................... 1-3

Options and accessories ....................................................................

Model 2700 features ................................................................................. 1-6

Plug-in switching modules ....................................................................... 1-7

Pseudocards ...................................................................................... 1-9

Identifying installed switching modules ......................................... 1-10

Front and rear panel familiarization ....................................................... 1-10

Front panel summary ...................................................................... 1-10

Rear panel summary ....................................................................... 1-14

Power-up ................................................................................................ 1-15

Line power connection .................................................................... 1-15

Line frequency ................................................................................ 1-16

Setting line voltage and replacing fuse ........................................... 1-16

Power-up sequence ......................................................................... 1-17

Keyclick .......................................................................................... 1-18

Display ................................................................................................... 1-18

Status and error messages ............................................................... 1-18

Remote programming — display .................................................... 1-18

Defaults and user setups ......................................................................... 1-20

Saving and restoring setups ............................................................ 1-21

Remote programming — default and user setups ........................... 1-25

Remote programming information ......................................................... 1-26

Quick start exercises .............................................................................. 1-26

Basic DMM measurements — front panel inputs .......................... 1-27

Closing and opening channels — system channel

Simple scanning .............................................................................. 1-32

Trigger and return readings — remote programming

.............................................. 1-2

1-3

operation .......... 1-29

..................... 1-35

2 Closing and Opening Switching Module Channels

Close/open overview ................................................................................ 2-2

Switching module installation and connections .

Module installation ........................................................................... 2-3

Connections ...................................................................................... 2-4

Pseudocards ...................................................................................... 2-5

Channel assignments ................................................................................ 2-5

System channel operation ........................................................................ 2-6

2-wire functions ................................................................................ 2-7

...................................... 2-3

4-wire functions (paired channels) .................................................... 2-8

Controlling the system channel ......................................................... 2-9

Non-amp and non-measure switching modules ...

Multiple channel operation ..................................................................... 2-16

Controlling multiple channels ......................................................... 2-17

Multiple channel operation anomalies ............................................ 2-22

Dual independent multiplexers ........................................................ 2-24

Identifying installed modules and viewing closed channels .................. 2-28

CARD menu .................................................................................... 2-29

Switching module queries (remote operation) ..

Relay closure count ................................................................................ 2-32

Reading relay closure count ............................................................ 2-33

Setting count update interval ...........................................................

Model 7700 switching module ............................................................... 2-34

Switching module capabilities ........................................................ 2-34

Schematic diagram .......................................................................... 2-35

3 Basic DMM Operation

DMM measurement capabilities ............................................................... 3-2

High energy circuit safety precautions .....................................................

Performance considerations ...................................................................... 3-4

Warm-up ............................................................................................ 3-4

Autozero ............................................................................................ 3-4

LSYNC (line cycle synchronization) ..

Remote programming — autozero and LSYNC

Channel list parameter (<clist>) ............................................................... 3-6

Voltage measurements (DCV and ACV) .................................................. 3-7

DCV input divider ............................................................................. 3-7

Connections ....................................................................................... 3-8

Volts measurement procedure ......................................................... 3-11

AC voltage measurements and crest factor ..................................... 3-12

Low level considerations ................................................................. 3-15

Current measurements (DCI and

Connections ..................................................................................... 3-17

Amps measurement procedure ........................................................ 3-18

AMPS fuse replacement (front panel A

Resistance measurements (Ω2 and Ω4) .................................................. 3-2

Connections ..................................................................................... 3-20

Standard resistance measurements .................................................. 3-23

Offset-compensated ohms ............................................................... 3-24

Measurement methods ..................................................................... 3-25

4-wire common-side (CSID) ohms measurements (7701 module) . 3-32

Temperature measurements .....................

Thermocouples ................................................................................ 3-33

........................... 2-14

.............................. 2-31

2-33

3-3

.............................................. 3-5

............................... 3-6

ACI) ................................................... 3-17

MPS input) ........................ 3-19

............................................... 3-33

Thermistors ..................................................................................... 3-35

4-wire RTDs .................................................................................... 3-36

Connections .................................................................................... 3-36

Temperature measurement configuration ........................................ 3-40

Temperature measurement procedure ....

Frequency and period measurements ......

Trigger level .................................................................................... 3-44

Gate time ......................................................................................... 3-44

Connections .................................................................................... 3-45

Frequency and period measurement proc

Continuity testing ................................................................................... 3-47

Connections .................................................................................... 3-47

Continuity testing procedure ............

Remote programming for basic measurements ...................................... 3-49

Basic measurement commands ....................................................... 3-49

Basic measurement programming examples .

Measurement queries ............................................................................. 3-56

:FETCh? .......................................................................................... 3-56

:READ? ........................................................................................... 3-57

:MEASure[:<function>]? ................................................................ 3-58

[:SENSe[1]]:DATA:FRESh? ........................................................... 3-58

[:SENSe[1]]:DATA[:LATest]? ........................................................ 3-59

Examples ......................................................................................... 3-59

......................................... 3-43

............................................... 3-44

edure .............................. 3-46

............................................... 3-48

................................. 3-55

4 Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter

Range ....................................................................................................... 4-2

Measurement ranges and maximum readings ................................... 4-2

Manual ranging ................................................................................. 4-3

Auto ranging ..................................................................................... 4-3

Scanning ............................................................................................ 4-3

Remote programming — range ........................................................ 4-4

Digits ........................................................................................................ 4-5

Scanning ............................................................................................ 4-6

Remote programming — digits ........................................................ 4-6

Rate and bandwidth .................................................................................. 4-8

Rate ................................................................................................... 4-8

Bandwidth ....................................................................................... 4-10

Scanning .......................................................................................... 4-10

Remote programming — rate and bandwidth ...

Filter ....................................................................................................... 4-13

Filter characteristics ........................................................................ 4-13

Remote programming — filter ........................................................ 4-20

.............................. 4-10

5 Relative, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, and dB

Relative ..................................................................................................... 5-2

Basic operation .................................................................................. 5-2

Remote programming — rel ............................................................. 5-4

Math .......................................................................................................... 5-8

mX+b ................................................................................................. 5-9

Percent ............................................................................................. 5-10

Reciprocal (1/X) .............................................................................. 5-11

Basic operation ................................................................................ 5-12

Remote programming — math ........................................................ 5-13

Ratio and channel average ...................................................................... 5-16

Basic operation ................................................................................ 5-17

Remote programming — ratio and channel a

dB ........................................................................................................... 5-21

Remote programming — dB ........................................................... 5-22

6Buffer

Buffer overview ........................................................................................ 6-2

Front panel buffer ..................................................................................... 6-2

Auto clear .......................................................................................... 6-2

Timestamps ....................................................................................... 6-4

Storing readings ................................................................................. 6-6

Recalling readings ............................................................................. 6-6

Buffer statistics .................................................................................. 6-8

Remote programming — buffer ............................................................... 6-9

Buffer commands .............................................................................. 6-9

Programming example .................................................................... 6-15

verage ....................... 5-19

7 Scanning

Scanning fundamentals ............................................................................. 7-2

Channel assignments ......................................................................... 7-3

Sequential and non-sequential scans ...

Scan process ...................................................................................... 7-4

Trigger models .................................................................................. 7-4

Scan configuration .................................................................................. 7-10

Scan reset ......................................................................................... 7-13

Simple scan ..................................................................................... 7-13

Advanced scan ................................................................................. 7-14

Setting delay .................................................................................... 7-18

Monitor channel .............................................................................. 7-18

Auto channel configuration ............................................................. 7-20

Saving setup .................................................................................... 7-21

Auto scan ......................................................................................... 7-21

Scan operation ........................................................................................ 7-22

Basic scan ........................................................................................ 7-22

.............................................. 7-3

Manual/external trigger scan ........................................................... 7-23

Monitor scan (analog trigger) ......................................................... 7-24

Remote programming — scanning ........................................................ 7-26

Trigger model .................................................................................. 7-26

Channel setup .................................................................................. 7-27

Buffer .............................................................................................. 7-27

Scanning commands ....................................................................... 7-27

Scanning programming example ..

Scanning examples ................................................................................. 7-33

External trigger scan ....................................................................... 7-33

Monitor scan ................................................................................... 7-36

8 T riggering

Trigger model ........................................................................................... 8-2

Idle .................................................................................................... 8-3

Control source and event detection ................................................... 8-3

Delay (auto or manual) ..................................................................... 8-4

Device action .................................................................................... 8-5

Output trigger .................................................................................... 8-6

Reading hold (autosettle) ......................................................................... 8-6

Hold example .................................................................................... 8-6

External triggering ................................................................................... 8-7

Digital I/O ......................................................................................... 8-7

External trigger ................................................................................. 8-8

Voltmeter complete ........................................................................... 8-9

External triggering example .............

External triggering with BNC connections .

Remote programming — triggering ....................................................... 8-14

Trigger model (remote operation) ................................................... 8-14

Trigger model operation ................................................................. 8-17

Triggering commands ..................................................................... 8-18

Programming example .................................................................... 8-20

.................................................. 7-32

............................................... 8-10

.................................... 8-13

9 Limits and Digital I/O

Limits ....................................................................................................... 9-2

Scanning ............................................................................................ 9-4

Basic limits operation ....................................................................... 9-4

Digital I/O ................................................................................................ 9-5

Digital input (trigger link input) .......................................................

Digital outputs ................................................................................... 9-6

Setting digital output ....................................................................... 9-10

Scanning .......................................................................................... 9-12

Remote programing — limits and digital output

Limits and digital output commands ..

9-5

................................... 9-12

............................................ 9-12

Limits and digital outputs programming example .......................... 9-14

Application — sorting resistors ............

Limits .............................................................................................. 9-15

Digital outputs ................................................................................. 9-17

10 Remote Operations

Operation enhancements ........................................................................ 10-2

Pseudocards ..................................................................................... 10-2

Autozero .......................................................................................... 10-2

dB calculation .................................................................................. 10-2

Separate function setups .................................................................. 10-3

DCV input divider ........................................................................... 10-3

Multiple channel operation .............................................................. 10-3

GPIB setup .............................................................................................. 10-4

GPIB standards ................................................................................ 10-4

Selecting GPIB and setting primary address ................................... 10-4

GPIB connections ............................................................................ 10-5

General bus commands ........................................................................... 10-8

REN (remote enable) ....................................................................... 10-8

IFC (interface clear) ........................................................................

LLO (local lockout) ......................................................................... 10-9

GTL (go to local) ............................................................................. 10-9

DCL (device clear) .......................................................................... 10-9

SDC (selective device clear) ........................................................... 10-9

GET (group execute trigger) ...........................................................

SPE, SPD (serial polling) ................................................................ 10-9

Front panel GPIB operation .................................................................. 10-10

Error and status messages ............................................................. 10-10

GPIB status indicators ................................................................... 10-10

LOCAL key ................................................................................... 10-11

Programming syntax ............................................................................. 10-11

Command words ........................................................................... 10-11

Query commands ........................................................................... 10-13

Case sensitivity .............................................................................. 10-13

Long-form and short-form versions .............................................. 10-14

Short-form rules ............................................................................ 10-14

Program messages ......................................................................... 10-15

Response messages ....................................................................... 10-17

Message exchange protocol .......................................................... 10-17

RS-232 interface operation ...................................................................

Sending and receiving data ............................................................

Baud rate ....................................................................................... 10-18

Signal handshaking (flow control) ................................................ 10-19

Terminator ..................................................................................... 10-19

.................................................. 9-15

10-8

10-9

10-18 10-18

Selecting and configuring RS-232 interface ................................. 10-20

RS-232 connections ...................................................................... 10-20

Error messages .............................................................................. 10-22

11 Status Structure

Overview ................................................................................................ 11-2

Status byte and SRQ ....................................................................... 11-2

Status register sets ........................................................................... 11-2

Queues ............................................................................................ 11-2

Clearing registers and queues ................................................................. 11-4

Programming and reading registers ....................................................... 11-5

Programming enable registers ......................................................... 11-5

Reading registers ............................................................................. 11-6

Status byte and service request (SRQ) ................................................... 11-6

Status byte register .......................................................................... 11-7

Service request enable register .........

Serial polling and SRQ ................................................................... 11-8

Status byte and service request commands ..................................... 11-9

Serial poll programming example ................................................. 11-10

Status register sets ................................................................................ 11-12

Condition registers ........................................................................ 11-18

Event registers ............................................................................... 11-18

Event enable registers ................................................................... 11-19

Queues .................................................................................................. 11-22

Output queue ................................................................................. 11-22

Error queue ................................................................................... 11-22

............................................... 11-8

12 Common Commands 13 SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands

CONFigure:<function> [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] ............................ 13-4

FETCh? .................................................................................................. 13-6

READ? ................................................................................................... 13-7

MEASure:<function>? [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] ............................. 13-8

14 FORMat and Miscellaneous SYST em Commands

FORMat commands ............................................................................... 14-2

FORMat[:DATA] <type>[,<length>] ............................................. 14-2

FORMat:ELEMents <item list> .................................................... 14-6

FORMat:BORDer <name> ............................................................ 14-7

Miscellaneous SYSTem commands ....................................................... 14-8

SYSTem:PRESet ............................................................................. 14-8

SYSTem:VERSion .......................................................................... 14-8

SYSTem:KEY <NRf> .................................................................... 14-8

SYSTem:BEEPer[:STATe] ..................................................... 14-9

15 SCPI Reference Tables

Reference tables ...................................................................................... 15-2

A Specifications

Model 2700 Data Acquisition/Control System

Model 7700 20-Channel Differential Multiplexer w/Automatic CJC A-1

Accuracy calculations .............................................................................. A-7

Calculating DC characteristics accurac Calculating AC characteristics accurac Calculating dBm characteristics accurac Calculating dB characteristics accurac

Additional derating factors ............................................................... A-9

Optimizing measurement accurac

DC voltage, DC current, and resistance: .......................................... A-9

AC voltage and AC current: ............................................................. A-9

Temperature: ..................................................................................... A-9

Optimizing measurement speed ............................................................ A-10

DC voltage, DC current, and resistance: ........................................ A-10

AC voltage and AC current: ........................................................... A-10

Temperature: ................................................................................... A-10

y .......................................... A-7

y ........................................ A-8

y ........................................... A-8

y ......................................................... A-9

B Model 7700 Connection Guide

Card configuration — schematic ............................................................. B-2

Connections and wiring ........................................................................... B-4

Screw terminals ................................................................................ B-5

Wiring procedure .............................................................................. B-6

Typical connections .......................................................................... B-8

Connection log ............................................................................... B-10

C Status and Error Messages D Signal Processing Sequence and Data Flow

Signal processing sequence ..................................................................... D-2

Basic signal processing .................................................................... D-2

Signal processing using instrument features .................................... D-3

Signal processing using Ratio or Ch Avg ......................................... D-6

Data flow (remote operation) .................................................................. D-7

SENSe and sample buffer ................................................................. D-8

[SENS[1]]:DATA[LATest]? .............................................................. D-9

[SENS[1]]:DATA:FRESh? ................................................................ D-9

FETCh? ........................................................................................... D-10

READ? ............................................................................................ D-10

MEASure? ...................................................................................... D-10

CALC[1]:DATA[LATest]? .............................................................. D-10

CALC[1]:DATA:FRESh? ............................................................... D-10

CALC3:LIM1:FAIL? ...................................................................... D-11

CALC3:LIM2:FAIL? ...................................................................... D-11

TRACe:DATA? ............................................................................... D-11

CALC2:IMM? ................................................................................ D-12

CALC2:IMM .................................................................................. D-12

CALC2:DATA? ............................................................................... D-12

Continuous measurement mode ...................................................... D-12

Scanning .......................................................................................... D-13

E Measurement Considerations

Measurement considerations .................................................................... E-2

Thermoelectric potentials ................................................................. E-2

Thermoelectric generation ................................................................ E-3

Minimizing thermal EMFs ................................................................ E-4

Source resistance noise ..................................................................... E-5

Magnetic fields .................................................................................. E-6

Radio frequency interference ............................................................ E-6

Ground loops .....................................................................................

Shielding ........................................................................................... E-8

Meter loading .................................................................................... E-9

E-6

F T emper ature Equations

Thermocouple equation ............................................................................ F-2

Thermistor equation .........

RTD equations .......................................................................................... F-8

........................................................................ F-6

G IEEE-488 Bus Overvie w

Introduction .............................................................................................. G-2

Bus description ......................................................................................... G-2

Bus lines ................................................................................................... G-4

Data lines .......................................................................................... G-4

Bus management lines ...................................................................... G-5

Handshake lines ................................................................................ G-5

Bus commands ......................................................................................... G-6

Uniline commands ............................................................................ G-8

Universal multiline commands ......................................................... G-8

Addressed multiline commands ........................................................

G-9

Address commands .......................................................................... G-9

Unaddress commands ....................................................................... G-9

Common commands ....................................................................... G-10

SCPI commands ............................................................................. G-10

Command codes ............................................................................. G-10

Typical command sequences .......................................................... G-12

IEEE command groups ................................................................... G-13

Interface function codes ........................................................................

G-14

H KE2700 Instrument Driver Examples

Introduction ............................................................................................. H-2

Visual Basic and CVI (C) examples ........................................................ H-2

LabVIEW examples .............................................................................. H-12

Getting Started

Quick Start — Of the following section topics, three can be used immediately to quickly acquaint yourself with fundamental instrument operations. Use QS1 to familiarize yourself with front panel controls, use QS2 to power-up the instrument and finally, use QS3 to perform exercises to operate the instrument.

• General information

information, safety symbols and terms, inspection, and available options and accessories.

• Model 2700 features

• Plug-in switching modules

Model 77xx series switching modules.

QS1 • Fr

QS2

• Power-

QS3 • Quick st

ont and rear panel familiarization — Summarizes the controls and connectors

of the instrument.

• Rack moun

a standard 19-inch

power line frequency, and the power-up sequence.

• Display

• Defaults and user setups

covers the three setup configurations available to the user.

• Remote programming information

presented in this manual.

(front panel and remote programming) to acquaint a user with operation basics.

ting — Covers the options available for rack mounting the Model 2700

rack.

up — Covers line power connection, line voltage setting, fuse replacement,

— Provides information about the display of the Model 2700.

art exercises — Provides abbreviated operating information and exercises

— Covers general information that includes, contact

— Summarizes the features of Model 2700.

— Summarizes the capabilities of the Keithley

— Lists the *RST and factory default settings, and

— Explains how SCPI commands are

1-2 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

General information

Contact information

Worldwide phone numbers are listed at the front of this manual. If you have any questions, please contact your local Keithley representative or call a Keithley Application Engineer at 1-800-348-3735 (U.S. and Canada only).

Safety symbols and terms

The following symbols and terms may be found on the instrument or used in this manual:

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on the instrument shows that high v terminal(s). Use standard safety

The W

ARNING heading used in this manual explains dangers that might result in

personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading used in

instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

this manual explains hazards that could damage the

oltage may be present on the

operating

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-3

Inspection

Model 2700 was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically before shipment. After unpacking all items from the shipping carton, check for any obvious signs of physical damage that may have occurred during transit. (There may be a protective film over the display lens, which can be removed). Report any damage to the shipping agent immediately. Save the original packing carton for possible future shipment. The following items are included with every Model 2700 order:

• Model 2700 with line cord.

• Safety test leads (Model 1751).

• Accessories as ordered.

• Hardware for rack mounting.

• Certificate of calibration.

• Model 2700 User’s Manual (P/N 2700-900-00) - PDF on CD.

• Manual Addenda (pertains to any improvements or changes concerning the instrument or manual).

• 2700S-903-01 Quick Results Guide

If an additional manual is required, order the appropriate manual package. The manual packages include a manual and any pertinent addenda.

Options and accessories

Plug-in switching modules

NOTE

Table 1-1 provides a side-by-side comparison of the following Keithley

switching modules. All multiplexer modules can be configured as two independent multiplexers.

NOTE The Model 77xx Series Switching Modules Instruction Manual provides

operating and service information for the switching modules. This manual is supplied with each switching module.

Model 7700 — This differential multiplexer provides 20 channels of 2-pole input, or

10 channels of 4-pole input. The internal cold junction allows direct-connection of thermocouples. It also has two 2-pole channels used exclusively for current input.

1-4 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Model 7701 — This differential multiplexer provides 32 channels of 2-pole input, or

16 channels of 4-pole input.

Model 7702 — This dif

ferential multiplexer provides 40 channels of 2-pole input, or

20 channels of 4-pole input. It also has two 2-pole channels used exclusively for current

ut.

inp

Model 7703 — This dif

ferential multiplexer provides 32 channels of 2-pole input, or

16 channels of 4-pole input.

Model 7705 — This control

module provides 40 independent 1-pole switching (SPST)

channels that are isolated from the internal DMM.

Model 7706 — This all-in-one m

odule provides 20/10 channels of 2/4-pole input,

16 digital outputs, two analog outputs, one 32-bit counter with gating and totalizer.

Model 7707 —

This module provides 10 channels of 2-pole input, or 5 channels of 4-pole

input. Also provides 32 digital inputs/outputs.

Model 7708 — This dif

ferential multiplexer provides 40 channels of 2-pole input, or 20 channels of 4-pole input. The internal cold junction allows direct-connection of thermocouples for temperature measurements.

Model 7709 — This mod

ule is configured as a 6 × 8 matrix (six rows, eight columns).

The matrix consists of 48 crosspoint channels and two backplane isolation channels. For system channel operation, row 1 is connected to DMM Input. For 4-wire measurements, row 2 is connected to DMM Sense.

Model 7710 — This dif

ferential multiplexer provides 20 channels of 2-pole input or 10 channels of 4-pole input. The internal cold junction allows direct-connection of

mocouples for temperature measurements. This module provides high-speed

ther switching and uses long-life relays.

Model 7711 — The

Model 7711 is a 50Ω, 2GHz, single-pole dual 1 × 4 RF Multiplexer

module (eight channels, no measurement capability). This 1 × 4 multiplexer is a cascading tree design

— one of the channels of each is always connected to a common out. It can be used to connect one instrument to multiple devices or multiple instruments to a single device.

Model 7712 —

The Model 7712 is a 50Ω, 3.5GHz, single-pole dual 1 × 4 RF Multiplexer

module (eight channels, no measurement capability). This 1 × 4 multiplexer is a cascading tree design

— one of the channels of each is always connected to a common out. It can be used to connect one instrument to multiple devices or multiple instruments to a single device.

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-5

Cables and connector kits for switching modules

Model 7788 DB-50 connector kit — Contains two male DB-50 solder cup connectors

with strain relief connector shells. These connectors mate to the female connectors of the Models 7703 and 7705 switching modules.

Model 7789 50/25-pin solder cup connector kit — Con

male DB-25 solder cup connectors. These connectors mate to the female connectors on the Models 7701 and 7709 switching modules.

Model 7790 ribbon cable adapter kit

and one male DB-25 IDC ribbon cable connectors. These connectors are used with the Models 7701, 7707, and 7709 switching modules.

— Contains one female DB-50, one male DB-50

tains one male DB-50 and one

Model 7051-X — B

7051-10 is 10 ft. long. These cable are used with the Model 7711 switching module.

Model 7712-SMA-1 — S

with the Models 7711 and 7712 switching modules.

Model 7712-SMA-N —

the Models 7711 and 7712 switching modules.

S46-SMA-X — S

S46-SMA-0.5 is one-half foot long. This cable is used with the Models 7711 and 7712 switching modules.

NC cable (male to male). 7051-2 is 2 ft. long, 7051-5 is 5 ft. long, and

MA cable (male to male), 1.0m (3.3 ft.) long. This cable is used

Female SMA to male N-type adapter. This adapter is used with

MA cable (male to male). S46-SMA-1 is one foot long and

Cables and adapters (GPIB and trigger link)

Models 7007-1 and 7007-2 shielded GPIB cables — Connect Model 2700 to the GPIB

bus using shielded cables and connectors to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI). Model 7007-1 is one meter long; Model 7007-2 is two meters long.

Models 8501-1 and 8501-2 trigger link cables —

instruments with Trigger Link connectors (e.g., Model 7002 Switch System). Model 8501-1 is one meter long; Model 8501-2 is two meters long.

Model 8502 trigger link adapter

Model 2700 to instruments that use the standard BNC trigger connectors.

Model 8503 DIN to BNC trigger cable

(Voltmeter Complete) and two (External Trigger) of Model 2700 to instruments that use BNC trigger connectors. Model 8503 is one meter long.

— Lets you connect any of the six trigger link lines of

— Lets you connect trigger link lines one

Connect Model 2700 to other

ftware

1-6 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Software

Control software an Keithley website www.tek.com/keithley.

d software drivers for the Model 2700 are available on the

Rack Mount Kits

Model 4288-1 single fixed rack mount kit — Mounts a single Model 2700 in a standard 19-inch rack.

Model 4288-2 side-by-side rack mount kit — Mounts two instruments (Models 182, 428, 486, 487, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2010, 2400, 2410, 2420, 2430, 2700, 6430, 6517A,

7001) side-by-side in a standard 19-inch rack.

Model 4288-4 side-by-side rack mount kit — Mounts Model 2700 and a 5.25-inch

instrument (Models 195A, 196, 220, 224, 230, 263, 595, 614, 617, 705, 740, 775A,

6512) side-by-side in a standard 19-inch rack.

Carrying case

Model 1050 padded carrying case — A carrying case for the Model 2700 includes

handles and shoulder strap.

Model 2700 features

Model 2700 is a 6H-digit high-performance multimeter/data acquisition system. It can measure voltage (DC and AC), current (DC and AC), resistance (2- and 4-wire), temperature (thermocouple, thermistor, and 4-wire RTD), frequency and period, and test continuity.

The Model switching modules (Table 1-1). Each channel of a switching module that is closed or scanned is measured by the Model 2700. For scanning, each channel can have its own unique setup (i.e., function, range, digits, etc.).

More information on the measurement capabilities of the Model 2700 is provided in

“DMM measurement capabilities,” page 3-2. A connection guide for the Model 7700 is

provided in Appendix B. Specifications for the Model 2700 and 7700 switching module are provided in Appendix A.

Additional features of Model 2700 include:

2700 has two slots that will accommodate Keithley Model

7700 series

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-7

• Setup storage — Six instrument setups (four user, *RST defaults and factory

defaults) can be saved and recalled.

• Offset-compensated ohms — A two-measurement process for 4-wire ohms to

cancel the effects of thermal EMFs. Available for the 100Ω, 1kΩ, and 10kΩ ranges.

• Math — mX+b, percent, and reciprocal (1/X) calculations provide mathematical

manipulation of readings.

• Relative — Null offsets or establish baseline values.

• Ratio and channel average — Ratio and average calculations for two switching

module channels.

• Buffer — Store up to 55,000 readings in the internal buffer.

• Limits — Two sets of high and low reading limits to test devices.

• Digital I/O port — Five digital limit test output lines to control external circuitry.

The trigger link and hardware interlock input can also be accessed at this port.

• Monitor — The Model 2700 can monitor a selected channel. A scan can be

triggered to start when the Monitor detects a reached reading limit.

• Remote interface — Model 2700 can be controlled using the IEEE-488 interface

(GPIB) or the RS-232 interface.

Plug-in switching modules

Up to two Keithley Model 77xx series switching modules can be installed in the Model 2700. A side-by-side comparison of the switching modules is provided in

ble 1-1.

Basic close/open operation for switching module channels is provided in Section 2, while scanning is covered in Section 7. Connection information for the Model 7700 switching module is provided in Appendix B. For all other switching modules, connection information is provided in their

respective packing lists.

1-8 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Table 1-1

Model 77xx series switc

hing modules

Model 7700 Model 7701 Model 7702 Model 7703

2-pole Operation 20 channels 32 channels 40 channels 32 channels 4-pole Operation 10 channel pairs 16 channel pairs 20 channel pairs 16 channel pairs 1-pole Operation N/A N/A N/A N/A Measure Volts 300V maximum 150V maximum 300V maximum 300V maximum Measure Amps Ch 21 & 22, 3A Max No Ch 41 & 42, 3A Max No Measure Ohms 2/4-wire 2/4-wire 2/4-wire 2/4-wire Thermoco

Cold Juncti Relay Type

Connector type Oversized screw

Configuration Unique features All DMM functions All DMM functions

uple

Ye s No No No

Latching electromechanical

terminals

Multiplexer Multiplexer Multiplexer Multiplexer

Latching electromechanical

1 female DB-50 1 female DB-25

Latching electromechanical

Oversized screw terminals

All DMM functions All DMM functions

cept amps

Non-latching reed

2 female DB-50s

except amps

Model 7705 Model 7706 Model 7707 Model 7708

2-pole Operation N/A 20 channels 10 channels 40 channels 4-pole Operation N/A 10 channel pairs 5 channel pairs 20 channel pairs 1-pole Operation 40 channels N/A N/A N/A Measure Volts 300V maximum 300V maximum 300V 300V maximum Measure Amps No No No No Measure Ohms No 2/4-wire 2/4-wire 2/4-wire Thermoco

Cold Juncti Relay Type

Connector type 2 female DB-50s Mini screw terminal 1 male DB-50

Configuration

uple

No Ye s No Ye s

Latching electromechanical

1female DB-25

Independent SPST

Multiplexer Multiplexer Multiplexer

Latching electromechanical

Oversized screw terminals

channels

Unique features Multiple channel

operati

on only

16 digital outputs, 2 analog outputs, one

32 digital inputs/ outputs

All DMM functions except amps

counter/totalizer

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-9

Table 1-1 (continued)

Model 77xx series switching modules

Models 7711

Model 7709 Model 7710

and 7712

2-pole Operation 8-channels 20 channels N/A 4-pole Operation 4 channel pairs 10 channel pairs N/A 1-pole Operation N/A N/A 8 channels Measure Volts 300V maximum 60V maximum No Measure Amps No No No

Measure Ohms 2/4-wire 2/4-wire No3 Thermocouple Co

ld Junction

Relay Type

Connector type 1 female DB-50

Configuration Unique features Rows 1 & 2 connect

No Ye s No3

Latching electromechanical

1 female DB-25

6 x 8 matrix Multiplexer Multiplexer

DMM (system

channel operation)

Solid state optocoupled FET

3.5mm removable scre

w terminals

High-speed switching and long-life

ays

rel

High frequency electromechanical

10 SMA

50Ω multiplexer

Max Frequency:

RF dual 1 x 4

7711: 2GHz 7712: 3.5GHz

1. Latching relays hold their open/close state after the mainframe is turned off. When turned on, all relays open after a few seconds.

2. All multiplexers can be configured a

3. The Models 7711 and 7712 have no measurement capabilities.

s two independent multiplexers.

Pseudocards

Using remote programming, you can assign a pseudocard to an empty switching module slot. With a pseudocard installed, the Model 2700 will operate as if the switching module is installed in the Model 2700. This feature allows you to configure your system without having the actual switching module installed in the unit. There is a pseudocard for every Keithley Model 77xx series switching module. For details, see “Pseudocards,” page 2-5.

1-10 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Model 2700 Multimeter / Data Acquisition System

RANGE

500V PEAK

FRONT/REAR

3A 250V

AMPS

INPUT

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

INPUTS

350V PEAK

1000V PEAK

AUTO

SHIFT

LOCAL

POWER

RANGE

EXIT ENTER

DIGITS RATE

RELFILTER

TRIG

EX TRIG

STORE

RECALL

OPEN

DCV

DCI

MATH

OUTPUT

RATIO

ACV

ACI

Ω2 Ω4

FREQ

TEMP

CH AVG

CONT

PERIOD SENSOR

LIMITS ON/OFFDELAY

HOLD

SAVE SETUP

CONFIG HALT

TYPE

LSYNC

TEST

MONITOR

STEP SCAN

OCOMP

CH-OFF CARD

Integra Series

RS-232

GPIB

Identifying installed switching modules

On power-up, the model numbers of installed switching modules are displayed briefly. If a Model 7700, 7701, 7702, 7703, 7705, 7708, 7709, 7710, 7711, or 7712 switching module is removed while the Model 2700 is on, the instrument will operate as if the module is installed. That is, the Model 2700 will operate as if the pseudocard is installed.

NOTE If

a Model 7706 or 7707 is removed while power is on, error +523 “Card

hardware error” will occur, and the module will be removed from the system. In general, it is not recommended to install or remove switching modules with

wer on.

the po

The CARD menu and remote query commands can be used to identify modules installed

mainframe. For details, see “Switching module installation and connections,”

in the

page 2-3.

Fr ont and rear panel familiarization

Front panel summar y

The front panel of Model 2700 is shown in Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1

Model 2700 front panel

NOTE Most k

eys provide a dual function or operation. The nomenclature on a key indicates its unshifted function/operation which is selected by pressing the key. Nomenclature (in blue) above a key indicates its shifted function. A shifted function is selected by pressing the SHIFT key and then the function/operation key.

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-11

1 Special keys and power switch:

SHIFT Use to select a shifted function or operation. LOCAL Cancels GPIB remote mode. POWER Power switch. In position turns 2700 on (I), out position turns it off (O).

2 Function and operation keys:

Top Row

Unshifted DCV Selects DC voltage measurement function. ACV Selects AC voltage measurement function. DCI Selects DC current measurement function. ACI Selects AC current measurement function.

Ω2 Selects 2-wire resistance measurement function. Ω4 Selects 4-wire resistance measurement function.

FREQ Selects frequency measurement function. TEMP Selects temperature measurement function.

Shifted MATH Configures and controls mX+b, percent, or reciprocal (1/X) calculation. OUTPUT Configures and controls digital and audio (beeper) output f RATIO Enables/disables channel ratio. CH-AVG Enables/disables channel average. CONT Configures and controls continuity test. OCOMP Enables/disables offset compensated ohms with Ω4 function selected. PERIOD Selects period measurement function. SENSOR Configures temperature measurements.

Middle Row

Unshifted EXTRIG Selects external triggering (front panel, bus, trigger link) as the trigger source. TRIG Triggers a measurement when in external trigger STORE Sets the number of readings to store and enables the buffer. RECALL Displays stored readings and buffer

igate through buffer. FILTER Enables/disables filter for selected function. REL Enables/disables relative for selected function.

statistics. Use the , , Δ, and ∇ keys to nav-

ing (EX TRIG).

or limits.

 and  Dual function—Manually scans switching channels. When in a menu, these keys

Shifted DELAY Sets user delay between trigger and measurement. HOLD Holds reading when the selected number of LIMITS Sets upper and lower limits for readings. ON/OFF Enables/disables limits. TYPE Configures and enables filter for selected function. MONITOR Selects and enable/disables monitor channel. CH-OFF Disables channel for a scan (must be in scan c CARD Identifies switching modules installed in mainframe. Set up switching modules that

control cursor position for making selections or change values.

samples is within the selected tolerance.

hannel setup mode).

e configuration. View closed channels and channel settings for switching

requir

modules that require configuration.

1-12 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Bottom Row

Unshifted OPEN Opens closed channel. CLOSE Closes specified channel. STEP Steps through channels; sends a trigger after eac SCAN Scans through channels; sends a tr DIGITS Sets display resolution for all functions. RATE Sets measurement speed (fast, medium, or EXIT Cancels selection, moves back to measurement display. ENTER Accepts selection, moves to next c Shifted SAVE Saves up to four instrument setups for future recall, and selects power-on setup. SETUP Restores a default setup (factory o

auto clear, auto scan, and auto channel configuration. Sets timestamp, date, and

time. Displays serial number of Model 2700. CONFIG Selects and configures a simple HALT Disables step/scan. TEST Selects the calibration menu, displa LSYNC Enables/disables line cycle synchronization

power line is reduced at the expense of speed. GPIB Enables/disables GPIB and selects address. RS-232 Enables/disables RS-232 interface; selects baud r

igger after last channel.

hoice or back to measurement display.

r *RST) or a saved setup. Enables/disables buffer

scan or an advanced scan.

y test or the key-press test.

h channel.

slow) for all functions.

. When enabled, noise induced by the

ate, flow control, and terminator.

3 Range keys:

Δ and ∇ Dual function—Selects the next higher/lower measurement range for the selected

AUTO Enables/disables autorange for the selected function.

function. When in a menu, these keys make selections or change values.

4 Display annunciators:

* (asterisk) Readings being stored in buffer. ↔ (mo

re) Indicates additional selections are available.

))) (speaker) Beeper on for continuity or limits testing.

4W 4-wire resistance or 4-wire RTD temperature reading displayed. ~AC AC function selected (ACV, dB, or ACI). AUTO Auto range enabled. BUFFER Recalling readings CHAN Setup or a reading for a switching channel displayed. DELTA Channel average enabled. ERR Questionable reading, or invalid cal step. FAST Fast reading rate selected. FILT Filter enabled for selected function. HIGH Reading has reached or exceeded the enabled high limit. HOLD 2700 in hold mode. LSTN Instrument addressed to listen over GPIB. LOW Reading has reached or exceeded the enabled low limit.

Digital input/output or analog output active (set to non-default value).

stored in buffer.

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-13

MATH mX+b, percent, or reciprocal (1/X) calculation enabled. MED Medium reading rate selected. MON Monitor channel displayed. OCOMP 4-wire offset compensated ohms enabled. RATIO Channel ratio enabled. REAR Front panel input terminals disconnected. REL Relative enabled for selected function. REM Instrument in GPIB remote mode. SCAN Scanning operation being performed. SHIFT Accessing a shifted key. SLOW Slow reading rate selected. SRQ Service request over GPIB. STAT Displaying buffer statistics. STEP Stepping operation being performed. TALK Instrument addressed to talk over GPIB bus. TIMER Timer controlled triggering in use. TRIG External triggering selected (tr

igger link, TRIG key, or GPIB).

5 INPUTS switch:

Use to select front panel inputs (out; F) position, or switching module inputs (in; R) position.

NOTE For remote programming, the following command queries the INPUTS switch

position:

SYSTem:FRSWitch? ' Query INPUTS switch; 0 = rear, 1 = front.

6 Handle:

Pull out and rotate to desired position.

7 Front panel inputs:

INPUT HI and LO Used for DCV, ACV, Ω2, CONT, FREQ, PERIOD, and thermocouple/thermistor

TEMP measurements. SENSE HI and LO Use with INPUT HI and LO for AMPS Use with INPUT LO for DCI and ACI measurements. Amps fuse holder Holds current fuse for front panel amps input.

Ω4 and RTD TEMP measurements.

1-14 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

KEITHLEY

SLOT COVER

DIGITAL I/O TRIG. LINK

RS232

WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

MADE IN

U.S.A.

IEEE-488

SLT

Rear panel summary

The rear panel of Model 2700 is shown in Figure 1-2. As shown, a slot cover is installed on slot 2.

WARNING S

lot covers must be installed on unused slots to prevent personal

contact with high voltage circuits.

Figure 1-2

Model 2700 rear panel

1 DIGITAL I/O

Male DB-9 connector for digital input (trigger link in) and digital outputs.

2 TRIG LINK

Eight-pin micro-DIN connector for sending and receiving trigger pulses among connected instruments. Use a trigger link cable or adapter, such as Models 8501-1, 8501-2, 8502, and 8503.

3 RS-232

Female DB-9 connector for RS-232 operation. Use a straight-through (not null modem) DB-9 shielded cable.

4 IEEE-488

Connector for IEEE-488 (GPIB) operation. Use a shielded cable, such as Models 7007-1 and 7007-2.

5 Power module

Contains the AC line receptacle, power line fuse, and line voltage setting. The instrument can be configured for line voltages of 100V/120V/220V/240VAC at line frequencies of 50 or 60Hz.

6 Slot 1 and Slot 2

T wo slots to accommodate Keithley Model 77xx series switc hing modules. T he Model 2700 is shipped from the factory with slot covers installed. Please note additional slot covers can be requested from Keithley Instruments.

WARNING Slot covers must be installed on unused slots to prevent personal

contact with high voltage circuits.

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-15

Model 2700

KEITHLEY

SLOT COVER

DIGITAL I/O TRIG. LINK

RS232

WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

MADE IN

U.S.A.

IEEE-488

SLT

Fuse

Spring

Window

Line Voltage Selector

Fuse Holder Assembly

120

240

220

100

Power-up

Line power connection

Follow the procedure below to connect the Model 2700 to line power and turn on the instrument.

Figure 1-3

Power module

1. Check to see that the line voltage indicated in assembly (Figure 1-3) is correct for the operating voltag

the window of the fuse holder

e in your area. If not, refer

to “Setting line voltage and replacing fuse,” page 1-16.

CAUTION Operati

ng the instrument on an incorrect line voltage may cause

damage to the instrument, possibly voiding the warranty.

2. Before plugging in the power cord, make sure that the front panel power switch is

e off (O) position.

in th

1-16 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

3. Connect the female end of the supplied power cord to the AC receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the power cord to a grounded AC outlet.

WARNING The

4. Turn on the instrument by pressing the front panel power switch to the on (I)

tion.

posi

power cord supplied with the Model 2700 contains a separate ground wire for use with grounded outlets. When proper connections are made, instrument chassis is connected to power line ground through the ground wire in the power cord. Failure to use a grounded outlet may result in personal injury or death due to electric shock.

Line frequenc y

The Model 2700 will operate at line frequencies from 45Hz to 66Hz, and 360Hz to 440Hz. There are no user-settings for line frequency. It is automatically sensed at power-up. The following command can be used to read the line frequency:

SYSTem:LFRequency? ' Query power line frequency.

Setting line voltage and replacing fuse

A rear panel fuse located next to the AC receptacle protects the power line input of the instrument. If the line voltage setting needs to be changed or the line fuse needs to be replaced, perform the following steps.

WARNING Make

sure the instrument is disconnected from the AC line and other equipment before changing the line voltage setting or replacing the line fuse.

1. Place the tip of a flat-blade screwdriver in assembly (Figure 1-3). Gently push in and up. Release pressure on the assembly and its internal spring will push it out of the power module.

2. Remove the fuse and replace it with the type listed in Table 1-2.

CAUTION F

3. If configuring the instrument for a different line voltage, remove the line voltage selector installed into the fuse holder assembly, the correct line voltage appears sideways in the window.

or continued protection against fire or instrument damage, only replace fuse with the type and rating listed. If the instrument repeatedly blows fuses, locate and correct the cause of the trouble before replacing the fuse.

from the assembly and rotate it to the proper position. When the selector is

to the power module by the fuse holder

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-17

4. Install the fuse holder assembly into the power module by pushing it in until it locks in place.

Table 1-2

Fuse ratings

Line voltage Fuse rating Keithley P/N

100/120V 220/240V

Po wer -up sequence

On power-up, the Model 2700 performs self-tests on its EPROM and RAM and momentarily lights all segments and annunciators. If a failure is detected, the instrument momentarily displays an error message and the ERR annunciator turns on. (Error messages are listed in Appendix C).

NOTE If

If the instrument passes the self-tests, the firm example of this display is:

REV: A01 A01 where: First A01 is the main board ROM revision.

Installed switching modules are then displayed. F switching module installed in both slots, the following messages will be displayed:

1: 7700 2: 7700

a problem develops while the instrument is under warranty, return it to

Keithley Instruments for repair.

Second A01 is the display board ROM revision.

0.25A, slow-blow 5×20mm 5A, slow-blow 5×20mm

0.12

FU-96-4 FU-91

are revision levels are displayed. An

or example, if there is a Model 7700

If a slot is empty, the message “NONE”

If the saved power-on setup is not the factory def a message to identify the setup will be briefly displayed (“Defaults and user setups,”

page 1-20).

After the power-up sequence, the instrument begins its normal display of readings.

NOTE The

serial number of the Model 2700 can be displayed by selecting the SNUM item of the SETUP menu. Press SHIFT and then SETUP to access the menu. F or remote operation, the serial number can be read using the *IDN? command (see

Section 12 for details).

will be displayed instead.

aults setup (SYSTem:POSetup PRESet),

1-18 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Keyclick

With keyclick enabled, an audible click will sound when a front panel key is pressed. Perform the following steps to disable or enable keyclick:

Display

Status and error messages

1. Press SHIFT and then LOCAL to display the present state of OFF).

2. Press

Δ or ∇ to display the desired keyclick state and press ENTER.

KEYCLICK (ON or

Remote programming

The following command controls keyclick:

SYSTem:KCLick ' Enable or disable keyclick.

where: = ON or OFF

NOTE K

Readings are displayed in engineering units (i.e., 100.23mV), while annunciators indicate various states of operation. See “Front panel summary,” page 1-10, for a complete listing of display annunciators.

NOTE Th

eyclick ON is the FACTORY, *RST, and SYSTem:PRESet default.

e display test allows you to test display digit segments and annunciators. The key test checks the functionality of front panel keys. These tests are accessed by pressing SHIFT and then TEST. Refer to the Model 2700 Service Manual for details.

Status and error messages are displayed momentarily. During operation and programming, you will encounter a number of front panel messages. Typical messages are either of status or error variety, as listed in Appendix C.

Remote programming — displa y

Using remote programming, the Model 2700 can display a custom ASCII message (up to 12 characters). Also, the front panel display and controls can be disabled.

Display commands

The commands are listed in Table 1-3. Details on these commands follow the table.

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-19

NOTE Optional command words and queries are not included in Table 1-3. Table 15-2

provides an unabridged list of all display commands.

Table 1-3

Display commands

Command Description Default*

DISPlay:TEXT:DATA <a> Define message (<a> = ASCII characters,

up to 12).

DISPlay:TEXT:STATe Enable or disable message mode ( = ON

or OFF).

DISPlay:ENABle Enable or disable the front panel display

( = ON or OFF).

*SYSTem:PRESet and *RST have no effect on DISPlay commands. The listed defaults are power-on defaults.

(none)

OFF

DISPlay:TEXT:DA T A <a> Define text message

This command defines the text message for display. A message can be as long as 12 characters. A space counts as a character. Excess message characters results in an error. The characters must be enclosed in either single quotes (‘ ’) or double quotes (“ ”).

DISPlay:TEXT:STA Te ON | OFF Control (on/off) message for display

This command enables and disables the text message mode. When enabled, a defined message is displayed. When disabled, the message is removed from the display.

A user defined text message remains displayed only as long as the instrument is in remote. T

aking the instrument out of remote (by pressing the LOCAL key or sending GTL)

cancels the message and disables the text message mode.

DISPlay:ENABle ON | OFF Control display circuitry

This command is used to enable and disable the front panel display circuitry. When disabled, the instrument operates at a higher speed. While disabled, the display is blanked.

All front panel controls (except LOCAL) are disabled. Normal displa resumed by using the ENABle command to enable the display or by putting the Model 2700 into local mode (press LOCAL).

y operation can be

Programming e xample

The following command sequence displays the text message “TESTING”:

DISP:TEXT:DATA 'TESTING' ' Define text message. DISP:TEXT:STAT ON ' Enable text message mode.

1-20 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Defaults and user setups

Model 2700 can be restored to one of two default setup configurations (FACTory or *RST), or four user-saved (SAV0, SAV1, SAV2, or SAV3). As shipped from the factory, Model 2700 powers up to the factory (FACT) default settings.

NOTE Clo

The factory default setup provides continuous triggering, while the *RST default setup places the Mod measurement is performed whenever the TRIG key is pressed or an initiate command is sent over the remote interface.

The factory and *RST default settings are listed in T

between the two default setups are indicated by checkmarks (✓).

For remote programming, the SYSTem:PRESet and instrument. The *RST command returns the instrument to the *RST defaults and, for the most part, the SYSTem:PRESet command returns the instrument to the factory default conditions. The exceptions are explained as follows:

• Auto scan and auto channel configuration — FACTory defaults disable auto scan

• Memory buffer auto clear — FACTory defaults

The instrument will power up to whichever default setup is saved as the power-on setup.

sed channels can be saved in a user setup (SAV0, SAV1, SAV2, or SAV3). When the setup is restored, those channels (and only those channels) will be closed. FACT and *RST defaults opens all channels.

el 2700 in the one-shot trigger mode. With one-shot triggering, a

able 1-4. Setting differences (Set Diff)

*RST commands are used to reset the

o channel configuration, while SYSTem:PRESet has no effect. The *RST

and aut defaults (front panel and remote operation) have no effect.

enable buffer auto clear, while SYSTem:PRESet has no effect. The *RST defaults (front panel and remote operation) have no effect.

NOTE At the fact

SAV3 setup.

ory, the factory default setup is saved as the SAV0, SAV1, SAV2, or

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-21

Saving and restoring setups

Saving a user setup

1. Configure Model 2700 for the desired measurement application.

2. Press SHIFT and then SAVE to access the save setup menu.

3. Press

4. Use the

Saving a pow er -on setup

1. Configure Model 2700 for the desired measurement application.

2. Press SHIFT and then SAVE to access the save setup menu.

3. Press the

4. Press

5. Use the

 to place the cursor on the present setup (SAV0, SAV1, SAV2, SAV3).

Δ or ∇ key to display the desired setup and press ENTER. The instrument

returns to the normal measurement state.

Δ key to display the present power-on (PWR-ON) setup; FACT, *RST,

SAV0, SAV1, SAV2, or SAV3.

 to place the cursor on the present power-on setup.

Δ or ∇ key to display the desired setup and press ENTER. The instrument

returns to the normal measurement state.

Restoring a setup

1. Press SHIFT and then SETUP to access the restore setup menu.

2. Press

3. Use the

NOTE If

 to place the cursor on the present RESTORE setup (FACT, *RST, SAV0,

SAV1, SAV2, or SAV3).

Δ or ∇ key to display the desired setup and press ENTER. The instrument

returns to the normal measurement state.

the settings for a user setup or power-on setup do not match the switching module types presently installed in the Model 2700, error +520 (Saved setup scancard mismatch) occurs when the setup is recalled. The scan lis t will reset to the factory defaults and all channels will open. However, the saved setup is still retained in memory and can be restor ed when the matching switching module is later installed.

1-22 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Table 1-4

Default settings

Setting Factory *RST Set Diff

Auto channel configuration No (off) No effect ✓

Autozero On On Buffer No effect No effect

Auto clear Yes (on) No effect ✓

Channel Average Off Off Closed channels None None Closure count interval No effect No effect Continuity

Beeper On On Digits 4H digits 4H digits Range 1kΩ 1kΩ Rate Fast (0.01 PLC) Fast (0.01 PLC) Threshold level 10Ω 10Ω

Current (AC and DC)

Bandwidth (AC) 30 30 Digits (AC) 5H digits 5H digits Digits (DC) 6H digits 6H digits

Filter On Off ✓

Window 0.1% 0.1% Count 10 10

Type Moving Repeat ✓

Range Auto Auto Rate (DC) Slow (5 PLC) Slow (5 PLC) Rel Off Off

Frequency and Period

Digits 6H digits 6H digits Range 10V 10V Rate (aperture) 1 second 1 second

Rel Off Off Function DCV GPIB No effect No effect

Address No effect (16 at factory) No effect (16 at factory) Keyclick On On

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-23

Table 1-4 (continued)

Default settings

Setting Factory *RST Set Diff

Limits Off Off

LO Limit 1 -1 -1 HI Limit 1 +1 +1 LO Limit 2 -2 -2

HI Limit 2 +2 +2 Line Synchronization Off Off Math

mX+B Off Off

Scale Factor 1.0 1.0 Offset 0.0 0.0 Units “X” “X”

Percent Off Off

Reference 1.0 1.0

1/X (Reciprocal) Off Off Monitor Off Off Output

Beeper Never Never

Digital Output Off Off

Logic Sense High High

Pulse No (off) No (off) Ratio Off Off Resistance (Ω2 and Ω4)

Digits 6H digits 6H digits

Filter On Off ✓

Window 0.1% 0.1% Count 10 10

Type Moving Repeat ✓

Offset compensation (OCOMP) Off Off

Range Auto Auto

Rate Slow (5 PLC) Slow (5 PLC)

Rel Off Off

1-24 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switc h System User’s Manual

Table 1- 4 (c on tinued)

Default settings

Setting Factory *RST Set Diff

RS-232 Off Off

Baud rate No effect No effect Flow control XonXoFF XonXoFF Term inato r No effect No effect

Scanning Disabled Disabled

Auto scan No (off) No effect ✓

Type (Simple or Advanced) No effect No effect Simple scan

Minimum channel 101, 201, 301, 401, or 501 101, 201, 301, 401, or 501 Maximum channel No effect No effect Timer Off Off Reading count No effect No effect

Advanced scan

Setup No effect No effect Immediate trigger On On

Limit triggers Off Off Timer Off Off Reading count No effect No effect

Temperature

Digits 5H digits 5H digits

Filter On Off ✓

Window 0.1% 0.1% Count 10 10

Type Moving Repeat ✓

Rate Slow (5 PLC) Slow (5 PLC) Rel Off Off Sensor Thermocouple Thermocouple

Junction See Note See Note Open detector No (off) No (off) Type K K Units °C °C

Timestamp No effect No effect

Triggering Continuous One-shot ✓

Delay Auto Auto Source Immediate Immediate Reading hold Off Off

Window 1% 1% Count 5 5

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-25

Table 1-4 (continued)

efault settings

Setting Factory *RST Set Diff

Voltage (AC and DC)

dB Off Off

Reference 1.0 1.0 Digits (AC) 5H digits 5H digits Digits (DC) 6H digits 6H digits

Filter On Off ✓

Window 0.1% 0.1%

Count 10 10

Type Moving Repeat ✓

Range Auto Auto Rate (DC) Slow (5 PLC) Slow (5 PLC) Rel Off Off

Note: With a Model 7700, 7706, or 7708 installed, the default sensor junction is Internal. Otherwise, the Simulated (23ºC) junction is

selected.

Remote programming — default and user setups

Default and user setup commands are listed in Table 1-5.

NOTE Th

e SYSTem:PRESet and *RST defaults are listed in the SCPI tables in

Section 15.

Table 1-5

Default setup commands

Commands Description

SYSTem:PRESet Restore SYSTem:PRESet defaults. *RST Restore *RST defaults.

*SAV <NRf> Save settings as user setup; <NRf> = 0, 1, 2, or 3. *RCL <NRf> Restore user saved setup; <NRf> = 0, 1, 2, or 3.

SYSTem:POSetup <name> Specify power-on setup; <name> = RST, PRESet, SAV0,

V1, SAV2, or SAV3.

Programming e xample

*SAV 2 ' Save present setup in memory location 2. SYST:POS SAV2 ' Specify SAV2 setup as the power-on setup. *RST ' Return 2700 to RST defaults. *RCL 2 ' Return 2700 to setup stored in memory location 2.

1-26 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switc h System User’s Manual

Remote progr amming information

Remote programming information is integrated with front panel operation throughout this manual. Programming commands are listed in tables, and additional information that pertains exclusively to remote operation is provided after each table. The tables may reference you to other sections of this manual.

NOTE Except

Optional command words —

standard, Model 2700 accepts optional command words. Any command word that is enclosed in brackets ([]) is optional and does not have to be included in the program message.

Query commands — Most

identified by the question mark (?) that follows the command word. A query command requests (queries) the programmed status of that command. When a query command is sent and Model 2700 is addressed to talk, the response message is sent to the computer.

NOTE F

for Sections 11 through 15, most programming tables in this manual are abridged. That is, they exclude most optional command words and query commands. Optional command words and query commands are summarized as follows.

or complete details, see “Programming syntax,” page 10-11.

Quick start ex ercises

This section topic summarizes the following basic instrument operations and provides simple exercises to perform them:

• Basic DMM measurements — front panel inputs.

• Closing and opening channels — system channel operation.

• Simple scanning.

• Trigger and return readings — remote programming.

In order to be in conformance with the IEEE-488.2

command words have a query form. A query command is

WARNING For

to the instrument (front panel inputs or switching module inputs). However, if you decide to use an input signal, it is recommended that you keep it at a nonhazardous level (<42V) while learning to use the instrument.

NOTE W

hen using the front panel input terminals, the INPUT switch must be in the “F” (out) position. The INPUT switch is located on the right side of the front panel near the input terminals. When using a switching module, the switch must be in the “R” (in) position.

the exercises, it is not necessary to connect an input signal or DUT

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-27

Basic DMM measurements — front panel inputs

NOTE See Section 3 for details on basic DMM operation.

The Model 2700 is shipped from the factory to power-up to factory defaults. The inst

rument powers up to a setup that continuously measures DC volts. Some of the default settings for the DCV function include auto range enabled, 6H-digit resolution, filter enabled, and slow reading rate. These settings provide a good starting point and in many cases, do not need to be changed.

“Starting-point” default settings are also pro

vided for the other measurement functions. Therefore, to perform basic measurements, simply select the desired function, and “tweak” the setup (range, rate, filter, digits, etc.) as required.

For remote programming, the instrument is typically used in a non-continuous

ement mode. In this mode, the user (via remote command programming) specifies

measur the number of measurements to perform. *RST defaults place the instrument in a noncontinuous measurement mode. Most of the other settings for factory and *RST defaults are the same.

For remote programming, the following command is used to select function.

NOTE It

ems in brackets ([]) are optional and do not need to be included. Upper case characters are req uired. Lower case characters are optional and need not be included.

[SENSe[1]]:FUNCtion <func> 'Select measurement function.'

<func> ='VOLTage[:DC]' DCV

'VOLTage:AC' ACV 'CURRent[:DC]' DCI 'CURRent:AC' ACI 'RESistance' Ω2 'FRESistance' Ω4 'FREQuency' FREQ 'PERiod' PERIOD 'TEMPerature' TEMP

Each function can have its own unique setup configuration (i.e., range, digits, speed, etc.). For example, the following command words select range and digits:

RANGe[:UPPer] <n> ' Specify expected reading. RANGe:AUTO ' Enable (ON) or disable (OFF) auto range. DIGits ' Set display resolution; 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 or 6.5 (digits).

The following examples demonstrate how to include the function name in the command string for configuration commands.

VOLT:RANG 10 ' Select 10V range for DCV. RES:RANG:AUTO ON ' Enable auto range for Ω2. CURR:DIG 4.5 ' Set DCI for 4H-digit resolution.

NOTE See Section 4 for details on setting range, digits, rate, bandwidth and filter.

1-28 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switc h System User’s Manual

Exercise 1 — Basic DMM measur ements

The exercise in Table 1-6 measures ACV on the 10V range and stores 15 readings in the buffer.

Table 1-6

Exercise 1—Measure AC volts - store readings in buffer

Front panel operation Command sequence

1 For front panel operation, proceed to step 2.

For remote programming, clear the buffer

TRAC:CLE

2 Restore defaults2:

Press SHIFT > press SETUP > select RESTORE: FACT.

*RST

3 Select ACV function:

Press ACV.

FUNC 'VOLT:AC'

4 Select 10V range:

Press RANGE

Δ to display “RANGE: 10V”.

VOLT:AC:RANG 10

6 Store 15 readings in buffer3:

Press STORE > set for 000015 RDGS > press ENTER.

SAMP:COUN 15

READ?

7 Recall buffer readings4:

Press RECALL > use edit keys to display readings. Press EXIT to exit

CALC1:DATA?

recall mode.

1. To avoid problems with remote programming, it is good practice to routinely clear the buffer (TRAC:CLE) at the beginning of a program that performs multiple measurements (SAMP:COUN >1). Restoring *RST or FACTory defaults does not clear the buffer.

2. FACTory defaults place the instrument in a continuous measurement mode. *RST places the instrument in a non-continuous measurement mode.

3. READ? triggers and returns 15 readings. These 15 readings are automa information on the READ? command.

4. Statistics for buffer readings are also stor were stored. It does not return buffer statistics. CALC2 commands are used to calculate and return buffer statistics (see Section 6 for details).

ed in the buffer. For remote programming, CALC1:DATA? only returns the readings that

tically stored in the buffer. See Exercise 4 and 5 for more

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-29

DMM

DUT

DMM

Switching Module Switching Module

Input

Ch 1

Input

Ch 1

Closing and opening channels — system channel oper ation

NOTE See Section 2 for details on closing and opening switching module channels. NOTE Th

e following discussion assumes a multiplexing switching module

(i.e., Model 7700) is installed in slot 1 of the mainframe. Switching module

allation is covered in Section 2 (see “Switching module installation and

inst

connections,” page 2-3).

An alternative to installing a switching module is to assign slot 1 as a

ocard using remote programming. The instrument will operate as if a

pseud switching module is installed in slot 1. T o “install” a 7700 pseudocard in slot 1, send the following command:

SYST:PCAR1 C7700

System channel operation is used to connect input channels to the DMM of the Model 2700:

• For a 2-wire function (i.e., DCV), closing a s

ystem channel connects the input to

DMM Input of the Model 2700.

Figure 1-4

shows system channel 1 closed. For the Ω2 function, the resistance

(DUT) would be connected to DMM Input as shown Figure 1-4.

Figure 1-4

Connectio n to DMM for 2-wire function (system channel 101 closed)

1-30 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switc h System User’s Manual

DUT

DMM DMM

7700

Switching Module

7700

Switching Module

Input

Ch 6

Sense

Ch 16

Input

Sense

Ch 16

Ch 6

• For a 4-wire function (i.e., Ω4), a channel pair is connected to the DMM when a

system channel is closed. The system channel is connected to DMM Input and the paired channel is connected to DMM Sense.

Figure 1-5 sho

ws system channel 6 closed. For a 4-wire function, the paired channel also closes. For the Model 7700, channels 1 through 10 are paired to channels 11

Figure 1-5 shows how the DUT is connected to the DMM fo

through 20. When channel 6 is closed, channel 16 also closes.

r the 4-wire function.

NOTE Figure 1-4 and Figure 1-5 show simpl ified schematics of the switching module.

They show a single switch closed to connect an input channel to the DMM. In

eality, multiple switching to is used to make proper connections to the DMM.

r However, for system channel operation, the user need not be concerned about which switches in the module close.

Figure 1-5

Connection to DMM for 4-wire function (system channel 106 closed)

NOTE Swi

tching module channels can also be controlled using multiple channel operation. This allows individual control of all module channels (switches). Multiple channel operation should only be used by experienced service personnel who recognize the dangers associated with multiple channel closures. See Section 2 for details.

Close/open operation

The following points on operation pertain to system channel operation only:

• Only one input channel (or channel pair) is closed at one input channel, the previously closed input channel(s) will open.

time. When you close an

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-31

Close next

measurement

channel

Close previous

measurement

channel

CLOSEOPEN

CLOSE CH: XXX

CLOSE:SINGLE

Press CLOSE key

Display SINGLE option and press ENTER

Specify channel number (XXX) and press ENTER

CLOSEOPEN

OPEN: ALL

Press OPEN key

Display ALL option and press OPEN again

A. Sequencing through channnels

B. Specifiying channel to close C. Opening all channels

• When a system channel is closed, the channel number will be displayed on the Model 2700. The slot number for the module is also displayed. For example, “103” indicates that system input channel 3 for a module in slot 1 is closed.

• The paired channel for a 4-wire function is not displayed. Only the system channel

ber is displayed. For example, in Figure 1-5, channel number 106 will be

num displayed with the Model 7707 installed in slot 1 of the mainframe.

• Switching modules that have current measurement capability

have separate channels reserved exclusively for the DCI and ACI functions. For example, the Model 7700 has channels 21 and 22 reserved for amps measurements. With the DCI or ACI function selected, only channels 21 and 22 can be closed. These channels cannot be accessed on any other function.

Figure 1-6 sho

ws the front panel keys used to close and open system channels.

Figure 1-6

Front panel keys to close and open system channels

For remote programming, the following three operation to open and close input channels:

ROUTe:CLOSe <clist> ' Close specified system channel1. ROUTe:CLOSe? ' Query closed system channel ROUT:OPEN ALL ' Open all channels.

1. Only one channel can be specified in the <clist>. For example, to close input channel 3 for a module in slot 1, the following command would be sent:

ROUTe:CLOSe (@103)

commands are used for basic system

2. Only the closed system channel is returned by ROUTe:CLOSe?. The paired channel for a 4-wire function is not returned. For example, assume channel 2 in slot 1 is closed. The following response message will be returned:

(@102)

1-32 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switc h System User’s Manual

Exercise 2 — Closing and opening c hannels (system channel operation)

The exercise in Table 1-7 demonstrates a sequence to close and open channels of a Mode 7700 installed in slot 1 of the mainframe.

Table 1-7

Exercise 2 — Close and open channels (sy stem channel operation)

Front panel operation Command sequence

1 Open all channels*:

Press OPEN > display OPE

N:ALL > Press OPEN.

2 Select Ω2 function:

Press Ω2.

3 Close system channel 101:

Press the

 key. Channel 1 connects to DMM Input (see Figure 1-4).

4 Close system channel 102:

Press the

 key. Channel 2 connects to DMM Input.

5 Close system channel 106:

Press CLOSE > select CLOSE:SINGLE ENTER. Channel 6 connects to DMM Input.

> key in channel 106 > press

ROUT:OPEN ALL

FUNC 'RES'

ROUT:CLOS (@101)

ROUT:CLOS (@102)

ROUT:CLOS (@106)

6 Select Ω4 function:

Press Ω4. 4W annunciator turns on, and channels 6 and 16 connects to DMM Input and Sense (see Figure 1-5).

7 Open all channels*:

Press OPEN > display OPE

*It is a good, safe practice to start and end a switching sequence by opening all channels.

N:ALL > Press OPEN

Simple scanning

NOTE See Section 7 for details on scanning.

With at least one multiplexer switching module (i.e., Model 7700) installed in the mainframe, the ins

For front panel operation, Fi simple scan. The differences between the S the reading count and the timer.

Reading count (RDG CT) — F

number of readings to store in the buffer. For STEP, the reading count determines the number of channels to scan.

trument can scan channels that are valid for the selected function.

gure 1-7 shows the three basic steps to configure and run a

TEP function and the SCAN function involve

or both STEP and SCAN, the reading count specifies the

FUNC 'FRES'

ROUT:OPEN ALL

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-33

MIN CHAN: XXX

INT: SIMPLE

Display SIMPLE option and press ENTER

Specify minimum channel (XXX) and press ENTER

SHIFT

SCANSTEP

CONFIG

Press SHIFT

Press CONFIG (STEP)

MAX CHAN: YYY

Specify maximum channel (YYY) and press ENTER

TIMER? NO/YES

Display NO or YES and press ENTER

YES

xxH:xxM:xx.xxxS

Set timer interval in hr:min:sec format and press ENTER

RDG CT:xxxxxx

Specify reading count and press ENTER

SCANSTEP

Press STEP or SCAN to start scan

Timer interval specifies time between scans.

Reading count: Specifies number of scans to be performed. Specifies number of readings to store in buffer.

Timer interval specifies time between scanned channels.

Reading count: Specifies number of channels to be scanned. Specifies number of readings to store in buffer.

Step 1. Configure simple scan: Step 2. Run simple scan:

SHIFT

SCANSTEP

HALT

Press SHIFT

Press HALT (SCAN)

Step 3. Disable scan mode:

For SCAN, the reading count also determines the number of scans to perform and is best explained by an example. Assume there are 10 channels in the scan list (i.e., 101 through

110). If you set the reading count to 10 or less, one scan of the 10 channels will be performed. If you set the reading count to any value from 11 to 20, two scans will be performed. A reading count from 21 to 30 gives you three scans, and so on.

Timer interval (TIMER)

— For the STEP function, the timer specifies the time delay between scanned channels. For the SCAN function, the interval specifies the time delay between scans. The timer starts when the scan is started. For SCAN, the next scan will not start until the timer interval expires.

NOTE Th

e Model 2700 can also be configured to run an advanced scan. For an advanced scan, each channel can have its own unique setup (i.e., function, range, etc.). Advanced scanning is covered in Section 7.

Figure 1-7

Simple scan operation

1-34 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switc h System User’s Manual

For remote programming, the following commands are used for simple scanning:

ROUTe:SCAN <clist> ' Define scan list*. TRIGger:COUNt <NRf> ' Specify number of scans (1 to 11000 or

SAMPle:COUNt <NRf> ' Specify number of channels to scan (1 to

ROUTe:SCAN:LSELect <name> ' Enable (INT) or disable (NONE) scan.

INFinity).

11000).

* Any valid switching module channel can be included in the scan list. Make sure to list

them from the lowest numbered channel to the highest. For example, to scan channels 1 through 8 of a Model 7700 installed in slot 1, send the following command to define the scan list:

ROUTe:SCAN (@101:108)

Exercise 3 — Simple scanning

The scanning example in Table 1-8 assumes a Model 7700 installed in slot 1 of the mainframe. The scan will use default settings (D readings in the buffer.

Table 1-8

Exercise 3 — Simple scanning

Front panel operation Command sequence

CV) to scan eight channels and store the

1 For front panel operation, proceed to step 2.

For remote programming, clear the buffer:

TRAC:CLE

2 Restore defaults1:

Press SHIFT > press SETUP > select RESTORE: FACT. *RST

3 Configure scan:

Press SHIFT > press CONFIG > select INT: SIMPLE > set MIN

CHAN101 > set MAX CHAN: 108 > select TIMER? NO > set

ROUT:SCAN (@101:108) SAMP:COUN 8

RDG CT:000008.

4 Enable and start scan

: ROUT:SCAN:LSEL INT

Press STEP. INIT

5 Halt (disable) scanner:

Press SHIFT > press HALT. ROUT:SCAN:LSEL NONE

6 Recall the eight stored readings:

Press RECALL > use edit keys to display readings. Press EXIT to

CALC1:DATA?

exit recall mode.

7 Open all channels:

Press OPEN > display OPE

1. Factory and *RST defaults opens all channels, select the DCV function and sets TRIG:COUN to 1. The trigger count specifies the number of scans to be performed.

2. ROUT:SCAN:LSEL INT enables the scan, and INIT trigger the start of the scan.

N:ALL > Press OPEN

ROUT:OPEN ALL

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-35

T rigger and return readings — r emote progr amming

There are several commands used to trigger and return readings. The proper commands and sequence to use depend on the trigger state (continuous or non-continuous) and what you are trying to accomplish.

Presented here are three fundamental command sequences tha return readings.” These three command sequences (exercises) will accommodate most basic measurement scenarios. Simply use the command sequence (exercise) that satisfies your needs:

• Exercise 4 — Trigger and return a single reading

• Exercise 5 — Trigger and return multiple readings

• Exercise 6 — Return a single reading (continuous triggering)

Details on the commands to trigger and return readings this manual. For details, refer to the following sections:

Section 3 Section 7 — F Section 8 — Section 13 — Section 15 — Appendix D

instrument.

NOTE Eac

— See “Trigger and retrieve readings” in Table 3-7.

or scanning, see “Trigger commands” in Table 7-1.

Explains the triggering process.

Covers Signal Oriented Measurement Commands (i.e., FETCh?, READ?). See Table 15-9 (Trigger command summary).

— Shows how trigger and read commands control data flow within the

h exercise indicates the commands used to configure triggering (“Trigger configuration”). Once triggering is configured, the commands to trigger and/or return readings can be repeated as often as desired (unless noted otherwise).

t can be used to “trigger and

are provided in other sections of

1-36 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switc h System User’s Manual

INIT:CONT OFF

TRIG:COUN 1

SAMP:COUN 1

Place 2700 in non-continuous trigger state

Set 2700 to perform one measurement

1. If a MATH function (mX+B, percent or 1/X) is enabled, the result of the calculation will be returned (MA

TH functions are covered in Section 5).

3. FETCh?, CALC:DATA? and DATA? do not trigger readings. They simply return the last reading. If you again send one of these commands before triggering a new reading, the old reading will be returned.

Return Basic Reading

3,4

INITTrigger Reading

READ?

2. If there is no MATH function enabled, FETCh?and CALC:DATA? will return the basic reading.

rigger and Return

Reading

Trigger Configuration

Trigger and Return

Reading

DATA?

DATA:FRESh?

Return result of MATH calculation

1, 2, 3

4. DATA:FRESh? can only be used once to return the same reading. Sending it again without first triggering a new reading will cause error -230 (data corrupt or stale).

FETCh?

CALC:DATA?

Exercise 4 — Trigger and return a single reading Exercise 5 — Trigger and return multiple readings

Trigger controlled measurements — The instrument is typically used in a non-

continuous trigger mode. In this mode, commands are used to trigger one or more readings. After the specified number of readings are completed, the measurement process stops.

Exercise 4 in Fi

gure 1-8 provides a command sequence to trigger and return one reading.

Exercise 5 in Figure 1-9 provides a command sequence to trigger and return multiple readings.

Exercise 6 — Return a single reading (continuous triggering)

Readings can be returned while the instrument is in the continuous measurement (trigger) mode. Each time a read command is sent, the latest reading is returned. Exercise 6 in

Figure 1-10 provides a command sequence to return

continuous trigger state.

Figure 1-8

Exercise 4 — Trigger and return a single reading

a single reading while in the

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Getting Started 1-37

INIT:CONT OFF TRIG:COUN 1

SAMP:COUN x

READ?

INIT FETCh?

Place 2700 in non-continuous trigger state

Set 2700 to perform “x” number of measurements (x = 2 to 110000)

2. INIT triggers the measurements, and FETCh? returns the readings. Again sending FETCh? without first sending INIT will return old readings.

4. T

riggered readings are automatically stored in the buffer. Statistics for buffer readings are also stored in the buffer. CALC2 commands are used to calculate and return buffer statistics (see Section 6 for details).

TRAC:CLE

Clear buffer

Trigger and Return Readings

2, 3

3. READ? performs an INIT to trigger the measurements, and then FETCh? to return the reading(s).

TRAC:DATA?

Return Stored Readings

Trigger and Return

Readings

Trigger Configuration

1. In order to trigger and return multiple readings, the buffer must first be cleared of readings that were stored by the TRACe command or front panel operation (see Section 6 for details on buffer operation).

Figure 1-9

Exercise 5 — Trigger and return multiple readings

1-38 Getting Started Model 2700 Multimeter/Switc h System User’s Manual

SAMP:COUN 1 INIT:CONT ON

DATA?

DATA:FRESh?

FETCh?

CALC:DATA?

Place 2700 in continuous trigger state.

Return Basic Reading

2, 3

Return result of MATH calculation

1, 2

1. If a MATH function (mX+B, percent or 1/X) is enabled, the result of the calculation will be returned. If there is no MATH function enabled, FETCh? and CALC:DATA? will return the basic reading. MATH functions are covered in Section 5.

2. None of these read commands trigger measurements. They simply return the lastest reading. If FETCH?, CALC:DA

TA? or DATA? is again sent before a new reading is

triggered, the old reading will be returned.

3. DATA:FRESh? can only be used once to return the same reading. Sending it again before

a new reading is triggered will cause error -230 (data corrupt or stale).

Return Readings

rigger Configuration

Figure 1-10

Exercise 6 — Return a single reading (continuous triggering)

Closing and Opening

Switching Module Channels

• Close/open overview — Summarizes the two operating modes to control

switching modules: System channel operation and multiple channel operation.

itching module installation and connections — Explains how to install a

• Sw

switching module (or pseudocard) into the Model 2700 mainframe. Also explains where to find connection information which should only be performed by qualified service personnel.

• Channel

channel assignment which is made up of the slot number and switching module channel number.

• System channe

channel operation.

• Mul

channel operation. Due to safety considerations, this operating mode should only be used by experienced test engineers.

• Iden

the CARD menu to identify installed switching modules and view closed channels. Explains how to remotely identify installed modules (*OPT?) and summarizes other query commands that can be used to acquire information about the installed modules.

• Model 77

to the Model 7700. Also includes a simplified schematic diagram of the switching module.

assignments — Explains the format for specifying the mainframe

l operation — Provides detailed information for using system

tiple channel operation — Provides detailed information for using multiple

tifying installed modules & viewing closed channels — Explains how to use

00 switching module — Covers operating characteristics that are unique

2-2 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Close/open ov erview

NOTE This section covers basic close/open operations for switching module channels.

It also covers the operating characteristics that are unique to the Model 7700 switching module.

There are two modes of close/open ope

• System channel operation — This is the mode of operation that should be used e

xclusively by most (if not all) users. When you close an input channel (or channelpair), other channels on the switching module close automatically to internally connect it the DMM of the Model 2700.

• Multiple channel operation — This mode of operation pro providing individual control of each switching module channel. However, careless operation could create a safety hazard and/or damage the switching module and other equipment. Multiple channel operation should only be used by experienced test engineers.

CAUTION T

o prevent damage to a switching module, do not exceed the maximum signal level input for that module. Most switching modul es are rated for 303V. The following command queries ma ximum modul e voltage:

SYST em:CARDx:VMAX? ‘Request maximum al lowable voltage f or

For system channel operation, the instrument will dis “OVERFLOW” message when the maximum allowable voltage for the module is being exceeded.

However, for multiple channel operation, will not occur until the maximum voltage of the mainframe (not module) is exceeded. Therefore, the “OVERFLOW” message would occur only if 1010V is exceeded.

ration:

vides additional flexibility by

‘CARDx (where x is the slot number for ‘the module).

play the

the “OVERFLOW” message

WARNING Ca

NOTE Th

can have its own unique setup configuration. Scanning is covered in Section 7.

NOTE When a setup is saved as

channels are also saved. When the setup is restored, those channels (and only those channels) will be closed (see “Defaults and user setups,” page 1-20).

reless multiple channel operation could create an electric shock hazard that could result in severe injury or death. Improper operation can also cause damage to the switching modules and external circuitry. Multiple channel operation should be restricted to experienced test engineers who recognize the dangers associated with multiple channel closures.

e Model 2700 can scan switching module channels. Each channel in the scan

a user setup (SAV0, SAV1, SAV2, or SAV3), closed

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-3

Switching module installation and connections

In order to exercise close/open operations explained in this section, a switching module (or pseudocard) must be installed in the mainframe. A switching module can be installed by the user, however external connections to the switching module are only to be performed by qualified service personnel.

NOTE F

WARNING T

or inexperienced users, it is recommended that DUT and external circuitry not be connected to switching modules. This will allow you to exercise close/open operations without the dangers associated with live test circuits.

Module installation

WARNING Slot covers must be installed on unused slots to prevent personal

Perform the following steps to install a switching module into the Model 2700 mainframe:

1. Turn the Model 2700 off and disconnect the power line cord and any other cable connected to the

2. Position the Model 2700 so you are facing the rear panel.

3. Remove the slot cover plate from the desired mainframe slot. Retain the pla screws for future use.

4. With the top cover of the switching module facing up, slide the module into an

ty slot. For the last G inch or so, press in firmly to mate the module connector to

emp the mainframe connector.

5. On each side of the module, there is a mounting scre secure the module to the mainframe. Do not overtighten.

6. Reconnect the power line cable and an

7. When you turn on the Model 2700, the model number of the switching module will be briefl

o prevent electric shock that could result in injury or death, NEVER

handle a switching module that has power applied to it:

• Befo

• If th

contact with high voltage circuits.

y displayed.

re installing (or removing) a switching module, make sure the

Model 2700 is turned off and disconnected from line power.

e switching module is already connected to DUT, make sure

power is removed from all external circuitry.

rear panel.

te and

w. Tighten these two screws to

y other cables to the rear panel.

2-4 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Connections

WARNING Connection information for switching modules is intended for quali-

fied service personnel. Do not attempt to connect DUT or exte cuitry to a switching module unless qualified to do so.

rnal cir-

WARNING T

WARNING If bot

WARNING Danger

o prevent electric shock that could result in serious injury or death,

adhere to following safety precautions:

• Bef make sure the Model 2700 is turned off and power is removed from all external circuitry.

• Do not connect

specifications of switching module. Specifications for the Model 7700 are provided in Appendix A.

h the front panel terminals and the switching module terminals are connected at the same time, the test lead insulation must be rated to the highest voltage that is connected. For example, if 1000V is connected to the front panel input, the test lead insulation for the switching module must also be rated for 1000V.

cause severe personal injury or death. If the multimeter is connected to a high energy circuit when set to a current range, low resistance range, or any other low impedance range, the circuit is virtually shorted. Dangerous arcing can result even when the multimeter is set to a voltage range if the minimum voltage spacing is reduced in the external connections. For details to safely make high energy measurements, see Section 3, ““High energy circuit safety

precautions,” page 3-3.”

ore making or breaking connections to the switching module,

signals that will exceed the maximum

ous arcs of an explosive nature in a high energy circuit can

As described in the International Electrotechnical C Standard IEC 664, the Model 2700 is Installation Category I and must not be connected to mains.

For the Model 7700, detailed connection and wiring information is provided in

Appendix B of this manual (Model 7700 Connection Guide).

ommission (IEC)

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-5

Pseudocards

Using remote programming, you can assign a pseudocard to an empty switching module slot. With a pseudocard installed, the Model 2700 will operate as if the switching module is installed in the Model 2700. This feature allows you exercise open/close/scan operations, or configure your system without having the actual switching module installed in the unit. There is a pseudocard for every Keithley Model 77XX series switching module.

A pseudocard cannot be installed from the front panel. However, once it is installed you

e the Model 2700 out of remote and use the front panel. Pressing the LOCAL key

can tak takes the Model 2700 out of remote.

When the instrument is turned off, the pseudocard following commands to install pseudocards:

SYSTem:PCARd1 <name> ' Install pseudocard in slot 1. SYSTem:PCARd2 <name> ' Install pseudocard in slot 2. <name> = C7700, C7701, C7702, C7703, C7705, C7706, C7707, C7708, C7709,

C7710, C77

Programming example — The following command sets up the Model 2700 to operate as

if a Model 7700 switching module is installed in slot 2, which must be empty. You cannot assign a pseudocard to a slot that already has a switching module installed in it.

SYSTem:PCAR2 C7700 ' "Install" pseudocard 7700 for slot 2.

Channel assignments

The Model 2700 has two slots for switching modules. To control the appropriate switching module, the slot number must be included with the switching module channel number when you specify a channel. The channel assignment is formatted as follows:

SCH where: S is the slot number

CH is the channel number

Examples: 101 = Slot 1, Channel 1

210 = Slot 2, Channel 10

will be lost (uninstalled). Use the

11, or C7712

For remote operation, the 3-digit channel ass parameter for the commands. Format examples for the channel list parameter are provided in Table 2-1 and Table 2-2.

ignment is included in the channel list

2-6 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

System channel oper ation

The system channel is a closed measurement channel that is internally connected to the internal DMM Input of the Model 2700. The system channel number is displayed on the Model 2700. For a 4-wire function (i.e., Ω4), the paired channel for the system channel is internally connected to DMM Sense. The paired channel is not displayed on the Model 2700. When triggered, the DMM performs Model 2700.

a measurement and displays it on the

The system channel is selected by closing channel close keys. These include the  and  keys, or the CLOSE key (SINGLE menu option). See “Controlling the system channel,” page 2-9, for details.

Other important points about system channel operation include the following:

• There can only be one system channel. Th displayed (and closed) on the Model 2700. When a channel is not displayed, there is no system channel.

• When a measurement channel is closed, the input backplane is closes to connect the system channel to DMM input. For a 4-wire function, the paired channel and the sense backplane isolation channel also close to make the sense connections to the DMM.

• When a different measurement channel is closed, the pre opens. The newly closed (and displayed) measurement channel becomes the system channel.

• The system channel close keys can only clos automatically connect to the DMM. Non-measurement channels cannot be closed by the system channel close keys.

NOTE Use the VIEW

mainframe (see “CARD menu,” page 2-29).

option of the CARD menu to display all closed channels in the

a measurement channel using the system

is is the channel that is presently

olation channel also

vious system channel

e measurement channels that will

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-7

DMM

Model 7700 Switching Module

Model 2700

Slot 1

System channel operation: Close channel 101

Channel 1

Relay

Input

Channel 25

Backplane

Isolation

Relay

Channel 1

2-wire functions

Figure 2-1 shows an example of how the system channel is connected to the DMM Input

of the Model 2700. Assume a Model 7700 switching module is installed in slot 1 of the mainframe Channel 1 relay and the backplane isolation relay (Channel 25) close to connect the channel to the DMM. The complete simplified schematic of the Model 7700 is provided in

Figure 2-12.

Figure 2-1

2-wire system channel connections to Model 2700 DMM

. When channel 101 is closed using the system channel close keys, both the

2-8 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

DMM

Model 7700 Switching Module

Model 2700

Slot 1

Close channel 101

System channel operation:

(closed position

shown

)

Channel 1

Relay

Input

Channel 25

Backplane

Isolation

Relay

Channel 1

Channel 11

Relay

Sense

Channel 24

Backplane

Isolation

Relay

Channel 11

Channel

2-Pole/4-Pole

Relay

4-wire functions (paired channels)

A 4-wire function, such as Ω4, requires that another measurement channel be paired to the system channel. For example, if the switching module has 20 measurement channels, channels 1 through 10 can be used as the system channel, while channels 11 through 20 are used as the paired channel. For a switching module that has 20 measurement channels, channel 1 is paired to channel 11, channel 2 is paired to channel 12, channel 3 is paired to channel 13, and so on.

Figure 2-2 sho

Assume a Model 7700 switching module is installed in slot 1 of the mainframe, and a 4-wire channel close keys, the Channel 1 relay and the input backplane isolation relay (Channel 25) closes to connect the channel to DMM Inp the sense backplane isolation relay (Channel 24) close to connect the paired channel to DMM Sense. Also note in Figure 2-2 that the Channel 23 relay closes to isolate channel 1 from channel 11.

The complete simplified schematic of Model 7700 is provided in Fi

Figure 2-2

4-wire system channel connections to Model 2700 DMM

ws an example of system channel connections for a 4-wire function.

function, such as Ω4, is selected. When channel 101 is closed using

ut. Also, the Channel 11 relay and

gure 2-12.

the system

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-9

Close next

measurement

channel

Close previous

measurement

channel

Controlling the system channel

When a measurement channel is closed, a previous system channel (and, for a 4-wire function, its paired channel) is first opened. The closed measurement channel becomes the system channel. When a 4-wire function is selected, the paired channel for the system channel also closes.

and  keys



These front panel keys (Figure 2-3) can be used to select the next or previous measurement channel as the system channel. If available, one of the following messages will be briefly displayed when one of these keys is pressed:

there are no measurement channels

NO SCAN CARD — This message in

dicates that there are no switching modules (or

pseudocards) installed; both slots are empty.

NO MEAS CARD —

This message indicates that none of the installed switching modules (or pseudocards) have measurement channels. For example, the Model 7705 switching module does not have any measurement channels. Those channels cannot be internally connected to the DMM.

NOTE Th

e  and  keys can also be used to open all channels in the mainframe. Simply increment or decrement the channel number until there is no channel displayed.

Figure 2-3

System channel operation — closing next or pre

vious measurement channel

2-10 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

CLOSEOPEN

CLOSE CH: XXX

CLOSE:SINGLE

Press CLOSE key

Display SINGLE option and press ENTER

Specify channel number (XXX) and press ENTER

CLOSE key (SINGLE menu option)

The SINGLE menu option for the CLOSE key can be used to select a measurement channel as the system channel (Figure 2-4). Perform the following steps system channel:

1. Press the CLOSE key. The “CLOSE:SINGLE” message will be displayed.

NOTE I

f the “CLOSE:MULTI” message is instead displayed when CLOSE is pressed, it indicates that there are no measurement modules installed in the mainframe. See “Multiple channel operation,” page 2-16, to close the channels of a non- measurement module (i.e., Model 7705).

2. Press ENTER to display the prompt to close a channel (CLOSE CH: XXX).

3. Using , ,

Δ, and ∇, key in the three-digit channel you want to select.

4. Press ENTER. The channel closes and the CHAN annunciator turns on.

An invalid channel cannot be closed and will cause

one of the following error messages to

be briefly displayed:

INVALID CHAN —

This message indicates that the channel is not a valid measurement

channel. The following actions will cause this error:

• Trying to close a non-measurement channel, such as a

backplane isolation channel, a channel that sets the pole mode, or a channel that cannot be internally connected to the DMM.

• Trying to close an amps channel while on a non-amps function. The DCI or ACI nction must be selected in order to close an amps channel.

• Trying to close a paired-channel while on a

4-wire function. For the Model 7700,

channels 1 through 10 are paired to channels 11 through 20 for a 4-wire function. If, for example, you try to close channel 12 while on the Ω4 function, the INVALID CHAN error will occur.

• Trying to close a switching module channel that does

TOO SMALL or TOO LARGE — These mes

sages also indicate an invalid channel. TOO

not exist.

SMALL indicates that the specified channel and any other lower numbered channel is invalid. TOO LARGE indicates that the specified channel and any other higher numbered channel is invalid.

to select the

Figure 2-4

System channel operation — specifying

measurement channel to close

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-11

CLOSEOPEN

OPEN: ALL

Press OPEN key

Display ALL option and press OPEN again

OPEN key (ALL menu option)

The ALL menu option of the OPEN key opens all channels for all switching modules installed in the Model 2700 (Figure 2-5). For example, if a Model 7700 switching module is installed in slot 1, OPEN: ALL will open all measurement channels (101 to 120, 121,

2), the backplane isolation channels (124 and 125) and the 2-pole/4-pole channel

and 12 (123). Figure 2-2 shows the backplane isolation channels for the Model 7700.

Perform the following steps to open all channels:

1. Press the OPEN key to display “OPEN: ALL.”

2. Press OPEN a second time (or press ENTER) to open all channels.

and the 2-pole/4-pole channel

NOTE Open

ing the system channel disables Ratio or Channel Average. Ratio and

Channel Average operation are covered in Section 5.

Figure 2-5

System channel operation — opening all channels in mainframe

2-12 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Remote programming — system channel control commands

The commands to close and open the system channel are listed in Table 2-1. When a system channel reading is returned, the syst data string if the CHANnel data element is selected. The FORMat:ELEMents command is used to specify the data elements to be included in the data string (see FORMat commands in Section 14).

Table 2-1

System channel control commands

Commands Description Ref

ROUTe:CLOSe <clist> Specify one measurement channel to close. a ROUTe:CLOSe:STATe? <clist> Query closed channels in specified list

ROUTe:CLOSe? Returns a <clist> of closed measurement

ROUTe:OPEN:ALL Open all channels, and disable ratio and channel

Channel list parameter:

<clist> = (@SCH)

where: S = Mainframe slot number (1 or 2)

CH = Switching module channel number (must be 2 digits)

Examples: (@101) = Slot 1, Channel 1

(@101, 203) = Slot 1, Channel 1 and Slot 2, Channel 3 (@101:110) = Slot 1, Channels 1 through 10

em channel number will be included in the

(1 = closed).

channels.

average.

Reference:

a. ROUTe:CLOSe <clist>

This command functions the same as the front panel CLOSE key (SINGLE menu option) to select the system channel. Only one measurement channel can be specified in the <clist>.

Trying to close an invalid channel (such as a command will result in error -222 (Parameter data out of range).

b. ROUTe:CLOSe:STATe? <clist>

This query returns a “0” (open) or “1” (closed) for every measurement channel specified the <clist>. For example, assume <clist> = (@101, 104, 107, 102). The response message “0, 0, 1, 0” indicates that channel 107 is closed.

The state of non-measurement channels cannot be checked with this command.

non-measurement channel) with this

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-13

c. ROUTe:CLOSe?

This query command returns a <clist> of closed measurement channels, including paired channels for 4-wire functions.

This query command will not return non-measure

ment channels, such as

backplane isolation channels and the pole-mode channel.

d. ROUTe:OPEN:ALL

This command functions the same as the front panel OPEN key (ALL menu option). It simply opens all channels (including non-measurement channels) installed in the mainframe.

Remote programming example (system channel operation)

The following example assumes a Model 7700 installed in slot 1, and the Ω4

function of the Model 2700 is selected. This command sequence connects channel 101 and its paired channel (111) to DMM Input and Sense as shown in Figure 2-2.

ROUT:OPEN:ALL ' Open all channels. ROUT:CLOS (@101) ' Close channels 101, 111, 123, 124, and 125.

2-14 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Non-amp and non-measure switching modules

There are Keithley switching modules that do not support current measurements and there are modules that do not support any measurements at all.

Non-amps module —

With an amps function selected (DCI or ACI), system channel

operation cannot be used to close channels on that module.

Non-measure module — F

or front panel operation, system channel operation cannot be used to close channels. For remote programming, system channel operation can be used, but only the one specified channel will close. All other channels on the module will open.

Non-amps switching modules

NOTE Presently, non-amps Keithley modules include the Models 7701, 7703, 7706,

7707, 7708, and 7709. You can check the Keithley website (www.keithley.com) for new modules.

A non-amp module does not support amps measurements. System channel operation cannot be

If an amps function (DCI or ACI) the message “NO AMPS CHAN” will be displayed briefly. For remote programming, error -222 (Parameter data out of range) is generated. Example:

SYST:PRES ' Restores system preset defaults. SENS:FUNC ‘CURR:DC’ ' Selects DCI function. ROUT:CLOS (@101) ' Attempts to close system channel 101 – Generates

If a system channel is already closed and you attempt to select the DCI or ACI function, the message “INVALID FUNC” will be displayed briefly. For remote programming, error -221 (Settings conflict) is generated. Example:

SYST:PRES ‘ Restores system preset defaults. ROUT:CLOS (@101) ‘ Close system channel 101. SENS:FUNC ‘CURR:DC’ ‘ Attempts to select DCI function – Generates

used to close channels while an amps function (DCI or ICI) is selected.

is selected and you attempt to close a system channel,

' error -222.

‘ error -221.

Making amps measurements — In order to perform amps measurements, you must use

the front panel inputs of the 2700 mainframe. You can still use the non-amps module for other aspects of the test, but you must use multiple channel operation to close channels. Example:

NOTE In

order to use the front panel inputs, make sure the INPUT switch is in the out

(F) position.

SYST:PRES ' Restores system preset defaults. ROUT:MULT:CLOS (@101) ' Closes channel 101. SENS:FUNC ‘CURR:DC’ ' Selects DCI function – Legal operation.

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-15

Non-measure switching modules

NOTE Presently, non-measure Keithley modules include the Models 7705, 7711, and

7712. You can check the Keithle y website (www.keithley.com) for new modules.

Keep the following in mind when using a non-measure module:

• For a non-measure card, no channels cannot be connected to the backplane).

• Multiple channel operation should be used to clos module. For remote operation, the ROUT:MULT commands are used to close channels.

• Front panel system (single) channel operatio a non-measure module. For front panel operation, system channel operation will cause message “NO MEAS CARD” to be displayed.

• A non-measure module may have open/close operations that module. Refer to the appropriate module manual (packing list) for details on operation.

• In order to perform measurements, you mu 2700 mainframe. You can still use the non-measure operations.

channels are connected to the internal DMM (the

e channels on a non-measure

n cannot be used to close channels on

that are specific only to

st use the front panel inputs of the

module to control other

2-16 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Multiple channel oper ation

The capability to individually control channels provides you with added flexibility in how you use a switching module. For example, assume you want to route a signal into channel 1 and out channel 20 of a Model 7700 switching module. You would do this by closing channels 1, 20, and 23. If you open channels 24 and 25, you will isolate the input signal from the DMM of Model 2700.

Multiple channel operation allows closed or opened. It allows more than one measurement channel to be closed at the same time. It also allows individual control of non-measurement channels, such as backplane isolation channels. Multiple channel operation should only be performed by experienced test system engineers.

WARNING Carel

NOTE Mult

temperature measur ements using the internal or external refer ence junction. The simulated reference junction will instead be used and the integrity of the temperature reading will be questionable (“ERR” annunciator turns on). See

“Temperature measurements,” page 3-33, for details.

Some other key points for multiple channel operation include the following:

• Closing a channel using multiple channel operation has no affect on other closed channels. Whate

• A channel closed using multiple channel operation is not displayed on the

l 2700. Also, the CHAN annunciator does not turn on when a channel is

Mode closed.

• Opening a channel using multiple channel operation has no affect on other closed channels. Only the specif

ess multiple channel operation could create an electric shock hazard that could result in severe injury or death. Improper operation can also cause damage to the switching modules and external circuitry . Multiple channel operation should be restricted to experienced test engineers who recognize the dangers associated with multiple channel closures.

iple channel operation cannot be used to perform thermocouple

ver channels were previously closed, remain closed.

any channel (or channels) in the test system to be

ied channel opens.

NOTE Use the VIEW op

menu,” page 2-29).

tion of the CARD menu to display closed channels (see “CARD

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-17

Controlling multiple channels

WARNING When using multiple channel operation, you must be very careful

when switching hazardous voltages. If you inadvertently close the wrong channel(s), you could create a shock hazard and/or cause damage to the equipment.

Most switching modules use latching relays. That is, closed channels

in closed when the Model 2700 is turned off. Never handle a

rema switching module that is connected to an external source that is turned on. Turn off all power sources before (1) making or breaking connections to the module, and (2) installing (or removing) the module into (or out of) the Model 2700.

Avoiding corrupt measurements

Aside from the safety issues, improper use of multiple channel operation can result in corrupt measurements. F and a 2-wire function selected. If you use multiple channel operation to close channels 201 and 225, you will connect the input at channel 201 to the DMM for measurement.

or example, assume two Model 7700s installed in slots 1 and 2,

If you then use system channel operatio to connect the input at channel 101 to the DMM. You now have two input channels (101 and 201) connected to DMM Input at the same time, inviting all sorts of problems.

The above problem can be avoided by opening channels 201 and/or 225 before closing

el 101 (and 125) as demonstrated by the following sequence:

chann

1. Multiple channel operation — Close channels 201 and 225 for connection to DMM.

2. Multiple channel operation — Open channels 201 and/or 225 to disconnect from DMM.

3. System channel operation — Close system channel 101 to connect to DMM.

n to close channel 101, channel 125 will also close

2-18 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

CLOSEOPEN

CLOSE MLT:XXX

CLOSE:MULTI

Press CLOSE key

Display MULTI option and press ENTER

Specify channel number (XXX) and press ENTER

CLOSE key (MUL TI menu option)

The MULTI menu option for the CLOSE key can be used to close any individual channel in the mainframe (Figure 2-6). Perform the following steps

to close a channel:

NOTE Cha

nnels closed by the MULTI option of the CLOSE key are not displayed. Use the VIEW option of the CARD menu to display closed channels (see “CARD

menu,” page 2-29).

1. Press the CLOSE key and then use the

Δ or ∇ key to display the

“CLOSE:MULTI” message.

2. Press ENTER to display the prompt to close a channel (CLOSE MLT:XXX).

3. Using , ,

Δ, and ∇, key in the three-digit channel you want to select.

4. Press ENTER to close the channel.

An invalid channel cannot be closed. The error messages as

sociated with system channel

operation also apply to multiple channel operation.

Figure 2-6

Multiple channel operation — specifying a channel to close

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-19

CLOSEOPEN

Press OPEN key

OPEN: MULTI

OPEN: ALL

Display MULTI option and press ENTER

OPEN MULT:XXX

Specify channel number (XXX) and press ENTER

Display ALL option and press OPEN again

OPEN key

The OPEN key has two options to open channels: ALL and MULTI. The ALL option simply opens all channels in the mainframe. The MULTI option opens only the specified channel. All other closed channels remain closed. Figure 2-7 summarizes OPEN key operation.

OPEN: ALL — Perform the following steps to open all channels in the mainframe:

1. Press the OPEN key to display “OPEN: ALL.”

2. Press OPEN again (or press ENTER) to open all channels.

OPEN: MULTI — Perform the following steps to open

only the specified channel:

1. Press the OPEN key. The “OPEN: ALL” message will be displayed.

2. Press the

Δ or ∇ key to display the “OPEN: MULTI” message.

3. Press ENTER to display the prompt to open a channel (OPEN MLT:XXX).

4. Using , ,

Δ, and ∇, key in the three-digit channel you want to select.

5. Press ENTER to open the channel.

NOTE If

the channel you open using OPEN: MULTI is the system channel (channel number displayed on the Model 2700), the channel will open, but the system channel number will still be displayed (see “Multiple channel operation

anomalies,” page 2-22).

Figure 2-7

Multiple channel operation — opening one or all channels

2-20 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Remote programming — Multiple channel contr ol commands

The commands to close and open the system channel are listed in Table 2-2.

Table 2-2

Multiple channel control commands

Commands Description Ref

ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe <clist> Specify one or more channels to close. a ROUTe:MULTiple:OPEN <clist> Open channels specified in list. Unlisted

channels not affected. ROUTe:OPEN:ALL Open all channels. c ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe? Returns a <clist> of all closed channels. d ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe:STATe?

<clist>

Query closed channels in specified list

(1 = closed).

Channel list parameter:

<clist> = (@SCH)

where: S = Mainframe slot number (1 or 2)

CH = Switching module channel number (must be 2 digits)

Examples: (@101) = Slot 1, Channel 1

(@101, 203) = Slot 1, Channel 1 and Slot 2, Channel 3 (@101:110) = Slot 1, Channels 1 through 10

Reference:

a. ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe <clist>

This command functions like the front panel CLOSE key (MULTI menu option) to close channels. When you send this command to close the channels specified in the <clist>, only those listed channels will close. Channels not specified are not affected, and channel pairing is disabled.

NOTES Channels closed by ROUT:MULT:CLOS are not displayed.

The ROUT:MULT:CLOS command cannot be used to perform therm

ocouple temperature measurements using the internal or external reference junction. The simulated reference junction will instead be used and the integrity of the temperature reading will be questionable (“ERR” annunciator on). See “Temperature

measurements,” page 3-33, for details.

NOTE For RS-232 operation (and in some cases, GPIB operation), *OPC

or *OPC? large. Details on *OPC and *OPC? are provided in Section 12.

should be used with :ROUT :MULT:CLOS if the <clist> is

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-21

b. ROUTe:MULTiple:OPEN <clist>

With this command, you can open one or more switching module channels. When you send this command to open the channels specified in the <clist>, only those listed channels will open. Channels not specified are not affected.

NOTE For RS-232 operation (and in some cases, GPIB operation), *OPC

or *OPC? should be used with :ROUT:MULT:OPEN if the <clist> is large. Details on *OPC and *OPC? are provided in Section 12.

c. ROUTe:OPEN:ALL

This command functions the same as the front panel OPEN key (ALL menu option). It simply opens all channels (including non-measurement channels) in the mainframe.

d. ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe?

This query command returns a <clist> of all closed channels, including non-measurement channels and paired channels for 4-wire functions.

e. ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe:STATe? <clist>

This query returns a “0” (open) or “1” (closed) for every channel specified in the <clist>. It is valid for both measurement and non-measurement channels.

For example, assume channel 125 is closed, and you use this command to query chan

nels 101, 104, and 125 (<clist> = (@101, 104, 125)). The response message returns “0, 0, 1” to indicate that channels 101 and 104 are open, and channel 125 is closed.

Remote programming example (multiple channel operation)

The following example assumes a Model 7700 installed in slot 1. This command sequence conn

ects channel 101 to channel 111 (through channel 123). Note that these two closed channels will be internally isolated from the DMM since the backplane isolation channels (124 and 125) will be open.

NOTE Th

e following example can be run from the KE2700 Instrument Driver using the

example named “CloseChannels” in Table H-1 of Appendix H.

ROUT:OPEN:ALL ' Open all channels. ROUT:MULT:CLOS (@101,111,123) ' Close channels 101, 111, and 123.

When finished with multiple channel operation, it is a good, safe practice to open all channels (

ROUT:OPEN:ALL).

2-22 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Multiple channel operation anomalies

• Anomaly #1 — When you use multiple channel operation to open the system

channel, the channel will open but the system channel number will still be displayed on the Model 2700. For details, see “Anomaly #1 example — wrong

channel displayed.”

• Anomaly

open the paired channel. If you then use system channel operation to again select the already closed system channel it will not re-close the paired channel. For details, see “Anomaly #2 example — opening the paired channel.”

#2 — For a 4-wire function, you can use multiple channel operation to

NOTE Th

e following anomaly examples assume a Model 7700 installed in slot 1.

Anomaly #1 example — wrong c hannel display ed

The following example closes channel 102 and connects it to the DMM Input. However, the Model 2700 will not display the measurement channel that is closed. It will display channel 101 instead of channel 102.

1. Use the ALL option for the OPEN key to open all

Remote programming:

ROUT:OPEN:ALL

2. Press the  key to close (and display) channel 101. This closes channel 101 (which is the system channel) and channel 125 to connect it to the DMM Input

gure 2-1).

(Fi

Remote programming:

ROUT:CLOS (@101)

3. Use the MULTI option for the CLOSE key to close channel 102. The system channel is not affected. Channels 101, 102, and 125 are now closed.

Remote programming:

ROUT:MULT:CLOS (@102)

4. Use the MULTI option for the OPEN key, open channel 101. Even though channel 101 is still being displayed on the Model 2700, it is channel 102 that is actually connected to the DMM Input (channels 102 and 125 closed).

Remote programming:

ROUT:MULT:OPEN (@101)

To correctly display the channel that is closed (channel 102) repeat step 1 above to open all channels, and then use the  key or the

ROUT:CLOS (@102) command to close (and

display) channel 102. This closes channel 102 (which is the system channel) and channel 125 to connect it to the DMM Input.

channels in the mainframe.

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-23

Anomaly #2 example — opening the paired c hannel

Assume 4-wire connections to a 1kΩ resistor using channels 1 and 11 of the Model 7700 switching module. Also assume the Ω4 function is selected. The following procedure dem- onstrates how careless multiple channel operation can caus though everything else from the front panel “looks right.”

1. Use the ALL option for the OPEN key (OPEN: ALL) to open all channels in the

mainframe.

Remote programming:

ROUT:OPEN:ALL

2. Press the  key to close (and display) channel 101. The following channels close (see Figure 2-2):

• Channel 101 (system channel).

• Channel 125 (connects channel 101 to DMM Input).

• Channel 111 (paired channel for 4-wire measurements).

• Channel 124 (connects channel 111 to DMM Sense).

• Channel 123 (isolates channel 101 from channel 111).

The Model 2700 will display the 1kΩ reading for s

Remote programming:

ROUT:CLOS (@101)

3. Using the MULTI option for the OPEN key, open channel 111. This opens the connection to DMM Sense and causes an OVRFLW reading. Keep in mind that channel 101 is still closed and displayed as the system channel. Remote programming:

ROUT:MULT:OPEN (@111)

4. In an attempt to clear the overflow reading problem, use the SINGLE option of the CLOSE key to again close channel 101. You might think that this will again close channel 111 to reconnect it to DMM Sense. However, that is not the case. Since channel 101 is still the system channel, selecting it again in this manner is a “no action”. Channel 111 does not close. Remote programming:

ROUT:CLOS (@101)

e an overflow reading even

ystem channel 101.

A simple way to resolve the above problem is to repeat step 1 to open all channels, and then repeat step 2 to close channel 101. All the listed channels in step 2 will close to make the 4-wire connection to the 1kΩ resistor.

2-24 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Ch 1

Ch 10

Ch 11

Ch 20

Ch 23

(Closed)

Ch 24

Ch 25

Multiplexer A

(1x10)

Multiplexer B

(1x10)

For the dual multiplexer configuration, Ch 23 must be closed, and Ch 24 must remain open.

Channels

2–9

Channels

12–19

Sense

Input

To Model 2700 DMM

Dual independent multiplexers

Using multiple channel operation, any multiplexer switching module can be configured as two independent multiplexers. For example, the Model 7700 is normally used as a single 1 × 20 multiplexer, but it can also b

e configured as two 1 × 10 multiplexers.

NOTE Thermocouple temper

ature measurements using the internal or external reference junction cannot be performed when using multiple channel operation to connect an input channel to the DMM. The simulated reference junction will instead be used resulting in invalid readings (“ERR” annunciator turns on). See

“Temperature measurements,” page 3-33, for details.

A multiplexer switching module is configured as two multiplexers by using multiple

el operation to close the 2-pole/4-pole relay. The Model 7700 is configured as two

chann independent multiplexers by closing channel 23. As shown in Figure 2-8, the closed position of channel 23 isolates Multiplexer A (channels 1 through 10) from Multiplexer B

annels 11 through 20).

(ch

For the dual multiplexer configuration, only Multiplexer A channels can be internally conn

ected to the DMM of the Model 2700. For the Model 7700, closing channel 25 allows

channels 1 through 10 to be measured by the DMM.

When using the dual multiplexer configuration

, the sense backplane isolation relay must be kept open to isolate Multiplexer B channels from the sense terminals of the DMM. For the Model 7700, channel 24 must be kept open (Figure 2-8).

Figure 2-8

Dual multiplexer configuration (Model 7700)

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-25

Ch 1

DUT

H1 LO

Ch 2

DUT

Ch 10

DUT

Ch 11

H1 LO

Ch 12

Ch 20

Ch 23

(Closed)

Ch 25

Ch 24

External

Source

Model 7700 Switching Module

Model 2700

DMM

Sense

Input

Sense

Dual multiplexer application

This application demonstrates how to use the Model 7700 as a dual multiplexer to bias and measure 10 DUT. An external source powers DUT, while the DMM of the Model 2700 measures the output of the DUT. To prevent overloading of the external source, each DUT is powered (and measured) separately.

Figure 2-9 sho

ws the connections for this application. The external source is connected to

the Sense terminals of the switching module, and DUT is connected to channels 1 through

10. Channels

11 through 20 are used to connect external power to each DUT.

Figure 2-9

Dual multiplexer application connections

2-26 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

For this application, the 2-pole/4-pole relay and backplane isolation relays of the switching module are to be controlled as follows:

• Closing channel 23 connects the External Sou

rce to DUT via channels 11 through

20. Closing channel 23 also isolates measure channels (1 through 10) from the source channels (11 through 20). This channel must remain closed while testing DUT.

• Opening channel 24 isolates the externa

l source from the backplane of the

Model 2700. This channel must remain open while testing DUT.

• Closing channel 25 connects an input channel (1 through 10) to the DMM.

gure 2-9, channels 1 and 11 are closed to test DUT 1. A more detailed view of the test

In Fi for DUT 1 is shown in Figure 2-10. The test for the other DUTs is similar except that different source and measure channels are closed. Closed channels

for each DUT test are

listed as follows:

Tested

ce Closed channels

devi

Tested device Closed channels

DUT 1 1, 11, 23 and 25 DUT 6 6, 16, 23 and 25 DUT 2 2, 12, 23 and 25 DUT 7 7, 17, 23 and 25 DUT 3 3, 13, 23 and 25 DUT 8 8, 18, 23 and 25 DUT 4 4, 14, 23 and 25 DUT 9 9, 19, 23 and 25 DUT 5 5, 15, 23 and 25 DUT 10 10, 20, 23 and 25

NOTE Do no

t use this application to measure the temperature of DUT using a thermocouple with the INTernal or EXTernal reference junction selected. The SIMulated reference junction will instead be used resulting in invalid readings. The “ERR” annunciator will turn on to indicate that the integrity of the temperature reading is questionable.

Test procedure:

NOTES Th

e following test procedure assumes a Model 7700 switching module installed

in slot 1 of the mainframe. The procedure assumes that the instrument is operating in the continuous

measur Do not use the following procedure to perform thermocouple temperature

measur SIMulated reference junction will instead be used resulting in invalid readings. The “ERR” annunciator will turn on to indicate that the integrity of the temperature reading is questionable.

ement (triggering) mode (see “Defaults and user setups,” page 1-20).

ements with the INTernal or EXT ernal reference junction selected. The

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-27

DMM

Model 7700 Switching Module

Model 2700

Slot 1

Equivalent Circuit

DUT

Ch 23

(Closed)

DMM

Mutliple channel operation: Open channels Close channel 123 Close channel 125 Close channel 101 Close channel 111

DUT

External

Source

External

Source

Input

Ch 25

Ch 1

Sense

Ch 24

Ch 11

Sense

Figure 2-10

Testing DUT 1

1. Open all channels. For most switching modules, Model 2700 is turned off. Therefore, it is good safe practice to open all channels at the start and end of the test.

Front panel operation: Press OPEN > Display ALL > Press OPEN Remote programming:

2. Close channels 23 and 25.

Front panel operation: Press CLOSE > Select MULTI > Key in 123 >

Remote programming:

ROUT:OPEN:ALL

Press ENTER Press CLOSE > Select MULTI > Key in 125 >

Press ENTER

ROUT:MULT:CLOS (@123,125)

channels remain closed after the

2-28 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

3. Close channels 1 and 11 to connect DUT #1 to the DMM and bias supply.

Front panel operation: Press CLOSE > Select MULTI > Key in 101 >

Press ENTER Press CLOSE > Select MULTI > Key in 111 >

Press ENTER

Remote programming:

4. Measure DUT #1.

Front panel operation: Take reading from display Remote programming:

5. Open channels 1 and 11.

Front panel operation: Press OPEN > Select MULTI > Key in 101 >

Remote programming:

6. Modify steps 3, 4, and 5 to test DUT #2. That is, close channels 2 and 12, measure DUT #2, and then open channels 2 and 12.

7. Test the remaining eight DUT in a similar manner channels for the DUT, make the measurement, and then open the channels.

8. After the last DUT is tested, repeat step 1 to

ROUT:MULT:CLOS (@101,111)

DATA?

Press ENTER Press OPEN > Select MULTI > Key in 111 >

Press ENTER

ROUT:MULT:OPEN (@101,111)

. That is, close the appropriate

open all channels.

Identifying installed modules and viewing closed channels

On power-up, the model numbers of installed switching modules are displayed briefly.

If a Model 7700, 7701, 7702, 7703, 7705, 7708, while the Model 2700 is on, the instrument will operate as if the module is installed. That is, the Model 2700 will operate as if the pseudocard is installed.

NOTE If

NOTE In

a Model 7706 or 7707 is removed while power is on, error +523 “Card

hardware error” will occur, and the module will be removed from the system.

general, it is not recommended to install or remove switching modules with

the power on.

or 7709 switching module is removed

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-29

SHIFT

CARD

CONFIG

VIEW

Scrolls

Channels

Scrolls

Channels

SLOT1: 77XX SLOT2: 77XX

77XX = Model number of installed switching module.

SLOT1: 77XX

SLOT2: 77XX

CARD menu

The CARD menu identifies the switching modules installed in the mainframe, and is used for the following operations:

• Configure digital inputs and outputs, and analog outputs for switching modules that

have one or more of those capabilities (i.e., Models 7706 and 7707).

• View the analog input channels that are presently closed. Also, read digital input

tput ports, and analog output values for switching modules that have one or

and ou more of those capabilities.

Menu navigation keys — Once in the

menu structure, the manual range keys (Δ and ∇)

and the cursor keys ( and ) are used to display menu items and options, and set parameter values. With the desired item, option, or setting displayed, press the ENTER key to select it. You can cancel a pending selection (and exit the menu structure) by pressing the EXIT key.

Press the SHIFT key and then the CARD key to display the CARD menu. The Card menu

ree is shown in Figure 2-11. The items and options of the menu are explained as follows:

NOTE Id

entifying installed modules — If you simply want to identify installed modules

or pseudocards, select CONFIG or VIEW and use the

Δ or ∇ key to check each

slot. When finished, press EXIT.

CARD: CONFIG — This menu

item is used to configure switching modules. The channels of the Model 7700 switching module and other similar type modules do not need to be configured.

Figure 2-11

CARD menu tree

2-30 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

SLOTX: 77XX — Use to configure the switching module in Slot X (where X = 1 or 2). If

configuration is not necessary, the instrument will exit from the menu when ENTER is pressed.

NOTE F

or switching modules that require configuration, refer to packing list that was

shipped with each module.

CARD: VIEW —

This menu item is used to view all analog input channels that are

presently closed. These include both measurement and non-measurement channels.

The channels are built into a string that scrolls t

he display. Four dots identify the end of the

string. Model 7700 example (Slot 1) — Assume the Ω4 function is selected and system channel 101 is closed. The following string will scroll across the display:

101, 111, 123, 124, 125 . . . .

Channels 101 and 111 are the paired channels for the 4-wire mea

surement. Channel 123 is the 4-pole relay setting, and channels 124 and 125 connect input and sense to the DMM of the Model 2700 (Figure 2-2).

NOTE Som

e switching modules have analog outputs, digital inputs, and/or digital outputs. The values for these channels are also displayed from the VIEW menu item. Fo r details on a particular switching module, refer to the packing list that was shipped with each module.

SLOTX: 77xx

— Use to scroll the closed channels and channel settings (if applicable) for

the switching module in Slot X (where X = 1 or 2).

Scrolling speed — The

paused. The 

key slows down scrolling speed and the  key speeds it up. The ENTER

scrolling speed of the channel string is adjustable, or can be

key pauses scrolling. Press ENTER a second time to resume scrolling.

Exiting VIEW

— To exit from VIEW, press the EXIT key. Pressing an instrument setting

key will also exit VIEW, but it will also perform the operation associated with the key. For example, pressing Ω2 will exit VIEW, and select the Ω2 fun

NOTE When a comm

and is received while the display is scrolling, the instrument exits

ction.

from the CARD menu and the command is executed.

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-31

Switching module queries (remote oper ation)

For remote operation, there are commands to identify installed switching modules and channels that are closed. There are also commands to acquire general information about the installed modules.

*OPT?

For remote operation, the *OPT? command can be used to determine which switching modules (or pseudocards) are installed in the Model 2700. For example, assume a Model 7700 is installed in slot 1, and the other slot is empty. After sending *OPT? and

essing the Model 2700 to talk, the following response message will be sent to the

addr computer:

7700, NONE

ROUT e:CLOSe? ROUT e:MULTiple:CLOSe? ROUT e:MULTiple:CLOSe:ST A Te? <clist>

These query commands are used to determine closed switching module channels.

ROUT:CLOS? is used to return a list of closed measurement channels including the paired

channel for 4-wire measurements. It will not return non-measurement channels. For details, see Table 2-1 and related reference information.

ROUT:MULT:CLOS? is used to return all closed channels (measurement and non-

measurement). For details, see Tab le 2-2 and related reference information.

ROUT:MULT:CLOS:STAT? is used to return the state (open or closed) of each specified

channel. A “0” is returned for an open channel, and a “1” is returned for a closed channel. For details, see Table 2-2 and related reference information.

SYST em:C ARD commands

There is a series of SYSTem:CARD commands that can be used to acquire the following information about a switching module installed in the Model 2700:

• Return the serial number and firmware revision.

• Determine the maximum allowable voltage.

• Determine if the module supports multiplexer or isolated channels.

• Determine if the module has built-in temperature sensors for internal cold junction, mocouple temperature measurements.

ther

• Determine which channels are used for v

used for amps.

• Determine which channels are used fo

• Determine the totalizer channel (Model 7706 only).

The SYSTem:CARD commands are covered in Ta

olts/2-wire measurements and which are

r analog or digital output.

ble 15-7.

2-32 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Relay closur e count

The Model 2700 keeps an internal count of the number of times each module relay has been closed. The total number of relay closures are stored in EEPROM on the card. This count will help you determine if and when any relays require replacement (see module contact life specifications).

Relay closures are counted only when a relay cycles multiple close commands to the same channel without sending an open command, only the first closure will be counted.

Relay closure count can only be read via remote operation. summarized in Table 2-3. Details follow the table.

Table 2-3

Relay closure count commands

Commands Description Default

ROUTe:CLOSe:COUNt? <clist> Query close count for specified

ROUTe:CLOSe:COUNt:INTerval <NRf> Set count update interval in

ROUTe:CLOSe:COUNt:INTerval? Query relay count update inter-

Channel list parameter:

<clist> = (@SCH)

where: S = Mainframe slot number (1, 2, 3, 4 or 5)

CH = Switching module channel number (must be 2 digits)

Examples: (@101) = Slot 1, Channel 1

(@101, 203) = Slot 1, Channel 1 and Slot 2, Channel 3 (@101:110) = Slot 1, Channels 1 through 10

Note: Relay count interval set to 15 minutes at the factory. SYSTem:PREset and *RST have no effect on the

set interval.

from open to closed state. If you send

The commands are

channels.

inutes (10 to 1440).

val.

Note

NOTE Th

vice Manual, “Plug-in module relay closure count.”

e relay closur e count can be r eset to zer o. For details, see the Model 2700 Ser-

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-33

Reading relay closur e count

To determine the closure count of specific channels, send this query via remote:

ROUTe:CLOSe:COUNt? <clist>

Here, <clist> is the summary of channels. For example, to determine the closure count of channels 1 and 4 of a module in slot 1, the following query would be sent:

ROUT:CLOS:COUN? (@101,104)

The following query would determine the closure count of slot 1 module channels 1 through 10:

ROUT:CLOS:COUN? (@101:110)

Setting count update interval

Relay closure counts are updated in temporary RAM every time a channel is closed regardless of how it was closed: by an SCPI command, front panel control, or during a scan. These counts are permanently written to the EEPROM on the card only at a user-set time interval (which is initially set to 15 minutes at the factory), or whenever the counts are queried. Valid intervals (set in integer number of minutes) are between 10 and 1440 minutes (24 hrs).

The low er th e i nt erval, the le ss ch ance t he re is of losi ng re la y coun ts du e t o p ow er

ailures. However, writing to the EEPROM more often may reduce scanning throughput.

f The higher the interval, the less scanning throughput is reduced. However, more relay counts may be lost in the event of a power failure.

NOTE If

the Model 2700 is turned off before the updated count is written to EEPROM, the relay counts will be lost. It is good practice to add the ROUT :CLOS:COUN? <clist> command at the end of a program to manually update the count.

To set the count update interval, send this command:

ROUTe:CLOSe:COUNt:INTerval <NRf>

where; <NRf> = 10 to 1440 (minutes)

For example, to set the interval to 30 minutes, send this command:

ROUT:CLOS:COUN:INT 30

2-34 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Model 7700 switching module

NOTE Connection and wiring procedures for the Model 7700 are to be performed by

qualified service personnel. This information is provided in Appendix B (Model 7700 Connection Guide).

Switching module capabilities

Channels 1 through 20 — The Model 7700 can multiplex one of 20 2-pole signals, or one

of 10 4-pole signals into the input of the Model 2700.

Channels 21 and 22 — The Model 77

into the input of the Model 2700.

CAUTION T

NOTE System channel opera tion — Of the 22

The Model 7700 has six temperature transducers to at the screw terminals. For temperature measurements, this internal reference junction allows thermocouples to be connected directly to the screw terminals of the module.

When the Model 2700 is on the DCV, ACV, Ω2, CO function, channels 1 through 20 are available. When on a current function (DCI or ACI), channels 21 and 22 are the only available channels.

The Model 7700 can accommodate 4-wire measurements b channels 1 through 10 become paired to channels 11 through 20. For example, with the Ω4 function selected, channel 1 becomes paired to channel 11. For example, when you close channel 1, channel 11 will also close.

o prevent damage to the Model 7700 switching module, do not exceed

these maximum signal levels: Channels 1-20: 300VDC or 300V RMS (425V peak) for AC

Channels 21, 22: 60VDC or 30V RMS, 3A switched, 60W, 125VA

channel (or channel pair) can be closed at the same time. When you close a channel (or channel pair), all other measurement channels will open. The user has no control of channels 23, 24, and 25. The open/close state of these channels are determined by the selected function.

00 can multiplex one of two 2-pole current signals

wav

eforms, 1A switched, 60W, 125VA

measurement channels, only one

monitor the cold junction temperature

NT, Ω4, FREQ, PERIOD, or TEMP

y using channel pairs. Primary

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-35

The 2-wire functions include DCV, ACV, DCI, ACI, Ω2, CONT, FREQ, PERIOD, and TEMP (thermocouple and thermistor). The 4-wire functions/operations include Ω4, TEMP (4-wire RTD), RATIO, and CH AVG (ratio and channel average are covered in Section 5).

With a 4-wire function/operation selected,

CH1 and CH11 CH6 and CH16 CH2 and CH12 CH7 and CH17 CH3 and CH13 CH8 and CH18 CH4 and CH14 CH9 and CH19 CH5 and CH15 CH10 and CH20

Schematic diagram

The simplified schematic diagram of the Model 7700 is shown in Figure 2-12. Channels 1 through 20 are used for all meas amps only.

There are two backplane relays (channels 24 and 25) backplane of the Model 2700. With a 2-wire function (except amps) selected, channel 25 will close, and with a 4-wire function selected, both channels 24 and 25 will close.

There is a 2-pole/4-pole relay (channel 23) between channe When a 2-wire function (i.e., DCV) is selected, channel 23 opens (2-pole position) to allow any of the 20 channels to be connected to the input backplane.

When a 4-wire function is selected, channel 23 clo 1 through 10 from channels 11 through 20. With a system channel (1 through 10) closed, its paired channel (11 through 20) will also close to connect the sense channel to the sense backplane.

channels are paired as follows:

urements except amps. Channels 21 and 22 are used for

to connect the input channel(s) to the

ls 1-10 and channels 11-20.

ses (4-pole position) to isolate channels

For the two current channels (21 and 22), signal backplane when the channel is closed.

As shown in Fi “Amps.” The Input and Sense terminals (isolation relays). If channels 1 through 20 are not intended to be connected to the internal DMM, channels 24 and 25 can be controlled independently using multiple channel operation. The Amps terminals are connected directly to the DMM.

gure 2-12, there are also screw terminals labeled “Input,” “Sense,” and

are connected to the inputs of channels 24 and 25

HI and LO are routed directly to the

2-36 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Notes:

Cold Junction Ref x3

Channel 1

Channel 10

(Channels 2–9)

Channel 11

Channel 20

(Channels 12–19)

Channel 21

Channel 22

AMPS

Sense

Input

Channel 23

2-Pole (Open)

4-Pole (Closed)

(See Note)

To Model 2700 Backplane

Channel 25

(See Note) Backplane

Isolation

Channel 24

(See Note) Backplane

Isolation

Channels 23 and 25 in this schematic refer to the designations used for control and are not actual available measurement channels.

AMPS

Sense

Input

Cold Junction Ref x3

If the module is not to be internally connected to the DMM, channels 24 and 25 can be opened using multiple channel operation.

Figure 2-12

Model 7700 simplified schematic

Basic DMM Operation

• DMM measurement capabilities — Summarizes the measurement capabilities of

the Model 2700 and covers maximum signal levels for switching modules.

• High

• Per

• Ch

• V

• Curr

• Resistance measur

• T

• Freq

• Conti

• Remote

energy circuit safety precautions — Provides safety information when

performing measurements in high energy circuits.

formance considerations — Covers some considerations that affect overall

performance including warm-up, autozero, and line synchronization.

annel list parameter (<clist>) — Summarizes the use of the <clist> parameter

which is used throughout this manual to configure scan channels.

oltage measurements (DCV and ACV) — Provides detailed information for

making basic DC and AC voltage measurements.

ent measurements (DCI and ACI) — Provides detailed information for

making basic DC and AC current measurements.

ements — Provides detailed information for making resistance

measurements. Also covered is offset compensated ohms (OCOMP).

emperature measurements — Provides detailed information for making

thermocouple, thermistor, and 4-wire RTD temperature measurements.

uency and period measurements — Provides detailed information for

making frequency and period measurements.

nuity testing — Explains how to use the CONT feature to test continuity.

programming for basic measurements — Covers the commands used to

perform basic measurements. Includes some simple programming examples.

• Measur

return measured readings.

ement queries — Summarizes commands typically used to trigger and/or

3-2 Basic DMM Operation Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

DMM measurement capabilities

NOTE Accuracy specifications for all measurement functions and the Model 7700

switching module are provided in Appendix A.

The DMM of the Model 2700 can mak

DCV — DC voltage measurements from 0.1µV to 1000V.

ACV — AC voltage measurements from 0.1µV to 750V.

DCI — DC current measurements from 10

ACI — AC current measurements from 1µA to 3A.

Ω2 — 2-wire resistance measurements from 100µΩ to 12 Ω4 — 4-wire resistance measurements from 100µΩ to 12

FREQ — Frequency measurements from 3Hz to 500kHz.

PERIOD — Period measurements from 333ms to 2µs.

TEMP — Temperature measurements from -200°C to 1820°C. CONT — Continuity testing using the 1kΩ ran

CAUTION When

using a switching module, do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the module. To prevent damage to the Model 7700 switching module, do not exceed these maximum signal levels:

Channels 1-20: 300VDC or 300V RMS (425V peak) for AC

Channels 21, 22: 60VDC or 30V RMS, 3A switched, 60W, 125VA

e the following measurements:

nA to 3A.

0MΩ. 0MΩ.

ge.

eforms, 1A switched, 60W, 125VA

wav

NOTE Th

and to the Model 7700 switching module. Details on Model 7700 connections are provided in Appendix B.

For the other switching included with their specifications.

is section shows DUT connections to the front panel inputs of the Model 2700

modules, the maximum signal levels are

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-3

High energy cir cuit safety precautions

To optimize safety when measuring voltage in high energy distribution circuits, read and use the directions in the following warning.

WARNING Danger

cause severe personal injury or death. If the multimeter is connected to a high energy circuit when set to a current range or low resistance range, the circuit is virtually shorted. Dangerous arcing can result even when the multimeter is set to a voltage range if the minimum voltage spacing is reduced in the external connections.

As described in the International Electrotechnical C Standard IEC 664, the Model 2700 is Installation Category I and signal lines must not be directly connected to AC mains.

When making measurements in high energy circuits requirements:

• Test leads should be fully insulated.

• Only use test leads that can be connected to the cir lugs, etc.) for hands-off measurements.

• Do not use test leads that decrease voltage s and create a hazardous condition.

WARNING For

(voltage between INPUT LO and the chassis ground) is 500V peak. For a switching module, the maximum common mode voltage is 300VDC or 300V RMS (425V peak) for AC waveforms. Exceeding these values may cause a breakdown in insulation, creating a shock hazard.

ous arcs of an explosive nature in a high energy circuit can

the front panel inputs, the maximum common-mode voltage

ommission (IEC)

, use test leads that meet the following

cuit (e.g., alligator clips, spade

pacing. These diminish arc protection

Use the following sequence when testing power circuits:

1. De-energize the circuit using the regular installed connect-disconnect de example, by removing the device's power cord or by turning off the power switch.

2. Attach the test leads to the circuit under test. Use for this application. If over 42V, use double insulated test leads or add an additional insulation barrier for the operator.

3. Set the multimeter to the proper function and range.

4. Energize the circuit using the installed connect-disconnect de measurements without disconnecting the multimeter.

5. De-energize the circuit using the installed connect-disconn

6. Disconnect the test leads from the circuit under test.

appropriate safety rated test leads

vice and make

ect device.

vice, for

3-4 Basic DMM Operation Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

P erformance considerations

Warm-up

After the Model 2700 is turned on, it must be allowed to warm up for at least two hours to allow the internal temperature to stabilize. If the instrument has been exposed to extreme temperatures, allow extra warm-up time.

Autozero

To help maintain stability and accuracy over time and changes in temperature, the Model 2700 periodically measures internal v amplifier gains. For thermocouple temperature measurements using the internal reference junction (i.e., Model 7700 switching module installed), the internal temperature is also measured. These measurements are used in the algorithm to calculate the reading of the input signal. This process is known as autozeroing.

oltages corresponding to offsets (zero) and

When autozero is disabled, the offset, gain and interna performed. This increases the measurement speed. However, the zero, gain, and temperature reference points will eventually drift resulting in inaccurate readings of the input signal. It is recommended that autozero only be disabled for short periods of time.

When autozero is enabled after bein points will not be updated immediately. This will initially result in inaccurate measurements, especially if the ambient temperature has changed by several degrees.

NOTE T

Remote programming can be used to cannot be disabled from the front panel; however, it can be enabled by restoring factory

ault conditions.

def

o force a rapid update of the internal reference points, set the integration rate to 0.01 PLC, and then back to the desired rate (i.e., 1.0 PLC). The NPLC commands to set the integration rate are covered in Section 4.

g off for a long period of time, the internal reference

enable or disable autozero (Table 3-1). Autozero

l temperature measurements are not

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-5

1 PLC

A/D

Conversion

A/D

Conversion

Trigger

# 1

Trigger

# 2

Reading

Done

Reading

Done

LSYNC (line cycle sync hronization)

Synchronizing A/D conversions with the frequency of the power line increases common mode and normal mode noise rejection. When line cycle synchronization is enabled, the measurement is initiated at the first positive-going zero crossing of the power line cycle after the trigger.

Figure 3-1 shows the measurement process that consists of two A/D conversions. If the

trigger occurs during the positive cycle of the power line (Trigger #1), the A/D conversion

s with the positive-going zero crossing of the power line cycle. If the next trigger

start (Trigger #2) occurs during the negative cycle, then the measurement process also starts with the positive-going zero crossing.

Figure 3-1

Line cycle synchronization

Perform the following steps to enable or disable line cycle synchronization:

1. Press SHIFT and then LSYNC to display the present state of line synchronization FF or ON).

2. Use the up or down key to display

3. Press ENTER. The instrument return

NOTE L

ine synchronization is not available for the AC functions (ACV, ACI, FREQ, or

“LINESYNC ON” or “LINESYNC OFF.”

s to the normal display state.

PERIOD), and for integration rates <1 PLC, regardless of the LSYNC setting.

3-6 Basic DMM Operation Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Remote progr amming — autozero and LSYNC

Autozero and LSYNC commands

The commands to control display resolution (digits) are listed in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1

Autozero and LS YNC commands

Commands Description Default

Autozero command*

SYSTem:AZERo[:STATe] Enable or disable autozero; = ON or

OFF

Line synchronization command

SYSTem:LSYNc[:STATe] Enable or disable LSYNC; = ON or

OFF

* After enabling autozero, you can update the internal reference points immediately by setting the integration

rate to 0.01 PLC and then back to the desired setting (see

NPLC commands in Section 4).

OFF

Channel list parameter (<clist>)

Channels of one or more switching modules installed in the Model 2700 can be scanned. Each scan channel can have its own unique setup. For example, a channel could be set to measure DCV on the 10V range, while another channel can be set to measure ACV on the 1V range.

From the front panel, scan channels are conf explained in Section 7. For remote programming, the <clist> parameter is used to configure scan channels.

Channel list parameter:

<clist> = (@SCH)

where: S = Mainframe slot number (1 or 2)

CH = Switching module channel number (must be 2 digits)

Examples: (@101) = Slot 1, Channel 1

(@101, 203) = Slot 1, Channel 1 and Slot 2, Channel 3 (@101:110) = Slot 1, Channels 1 through 10

igured from the scan configuration menu as

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-7

Throughout this manual, you will encounter commands that can use the <clist> parameter. The <clist> simply indicates that the associated command can be used to configure a scan channel. For example:

SENSe:FUNCtion 'VOLTage:AC' ' Select ACV function. SENSe:FUNCtion 'VOLTage:AC',(@101) ' Configure scan channel 101 for ACV.

While in the normal measurement display state, the first command simply selects the ACV function. The second command configures channel 101 to measure ACV when it is scanned.

ection 7 for detailed information on scanning.

See S

V oltage measur ements (DCV and ACV)

The Model 2700 can make DCV measurements from 0.1µV to 1000V and ACV measurements from 0.1µV to 750V RMS, 1000V peak.

DCV input resistance: 100V and 1000V ranges: 10MΩ

100mV, 1V, and 10V ranges: >10GΩ || <400pF or 10MΩ

ACV input impedance: 1MΩ || <100pF

DCV input divider

Normally, the input resistance for the 100mVDC, 1VDC, and 10VDC ranges is >10GΩ, while the input resistance of the 100VDC and 1000VDC ranges is 10MΩ. However, the

resistance for the three lower DCV ranges can also be set to 10MΩ by enabling the

input

ut divider.

inp

With the input resistance lowered, a more stable 0V reading is achieved with an open inp

ut. Also, some external devices (such as a high voltage probe) must be terminated to a

10MΩ load.

The input divider cannot be enabled from the front panel. For remote programming, the

llowing command controls the input divider:

VOLT:IDIVider ' Enable (ON) or disable (OFF) the DCV input divider.

3-8 Basic DMM Operation Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

Connections

WARNING Even though the Model 2700 can measure up to 1000V peak, the

maximum input to a switching module is less. Exceeding the voltage rating of a switching module may cause damage and create a safety hazard.

NOTE W

hen using the front panel inputs, the INPUTS switch must be in the “F” (out)

position. For switching modules, it must be in the “R” (in) position.

Front panel input

When using the front panel input terminals, connect the test leads to the INPUT HI and LO terminals as shown in Figure 3-2.

Input Impedance = 1MΩ || <100pF Caution: Maximum Input = 750V RMS, 1000V peak, 8 x 10

V • Hz

Input Resistance = 10MΩ on 1000V and 100V ranges;

>10GΩ on 10V, 1V, and 100mV ranges.

Caution: Maximum Input = 1000V peak A. DCV Connections

B. ACV Connections

500V PEAK

FRONT/REAR

3A 250V

AMPS

INPUT

SENSE

4 WIRE

INPUTS

350V PEAK

1000V PEAK

Model 2700

Voltage

Source

500V PEAK

FRONT/REAR

3A 250V

AMPS

INPUT

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

INPUTS

350V PEAK

1000V PEAK

Model 2700

Voltage

Source

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-9

Figure 3-2

DCV and ACV connections using front panel inputs

3-10 Basic DMM Operation Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual

AC Voltage

Source

CH 1-20

Model 7700

Switching

Module

DC Voltage

Source

CH 11-20

Voltage

Source

A. DCV Connections

B. ACV Connections

C. Ratio and Channel Average Connections (DCV)

Caution: Maximum input: 300VDC or RMS, 1A switched,

60W, 125VA maximum

Note: The low connections for channels 1 through 10 do not

need to be referenced to the low connections for channels 11 through 20.

CH 1-20

Model 7700

Switching

Module

CH 1-10

Model 7700

Switching

Module

Voltage

Source

Model 7700 switching module

Connections for the Model 7700 switching module are shown in Figure 3-3. For basic DCV and ACV measurements (Figure 3-3A and B), channels 1 through 20 can be used.

Ratio and channel average calculations — Rati

channels, while channel average calculates the reading average of two channels. For these calculations, paired switching channels are used. Primary channels 1 through 10 are paired to channels 11 through 20 (channel 1 paired to channel 11, channel 2 paired to channel 12, and so on). As shown in Figure 3-3C, one DC voltage source is connected to a primary channel (i.e., 104), and the other source is connected

NOTE Th

e ratio and channel average calculations are covered in Section 5.

Figure 3-3

DCV and ACV connections using Model 7700 switching module

o calculates the reading ratio of two

to its paired channel (i.e., 114).

Model 2700 Multimeter/Switch System User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-11

V olts measurement pr ocedure

NOTE Make sure the INPUTS switch is in the correct position. To use front panel

inputs, it must be in the “F” (out) position. For switching modules, it must be in the “R” (in) position.

1. If a switching channel is presently closed

2. Select the volts measurement functi

3. Use the RANGE

expected voltage, or press AUTO to select autoranging (AUTO annunciator turns on). Details on range are provided in Section 4.

4. Apply the voltage(s) to be measured.

CAUTION D

and Figure 3-3 or instrument damage may occur subject to the 8 × 10

Model 7700 switching module — The maximum allowable voltage is 300V DC these limits may cause damage to the switching module.

WARNING If bot

are connected at the same time, the test leads must be rated to the highest voltage that is connected. For example, if 1000V is connected to the front panel input, the test lead insulation for the switching module must also be rated for 1000V.

5. If using a switching module, perform the following steps to close the desired

channel: a. Press the CLOSE key.

b. Use ,

previously closed channel (if there is one) will open, and the specified channel will close.

Δ and ∇ keys to select a measurement range consistent with the

o not apply more than maximum input levels indicated in Figure 3-2

VHz product.

or 300V RMS (425V peak) for AC waveforms. Exceeding

h the front panel terminals and the switching module terminals

, Δ, and ∇ to key in the channel number and press ENTER. The

(displayed), press OPEN to open it.

on by pressing DCV or ACV.

. The voltage limit is

NOTE While in the nor

channels. In general, each key press will open the presently closed channel, and then close the next higher or lower channel.

6. Observe the displayed reading. If the “O

a higher range until a normal reading is displayed (or press AUTO for autoranging). For manual ranging, use the lowest possible range for the best resolution.

7. To measure other switching channels, repeat steps 5 and 6.

8. When finished, press OPEN if there is

mal measurement state, you can use the  and  ke ys to close

VERFLOW” message is displayed, select

a channel closed.

Tektronix 2700 Primary User

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Safety Precautions

Table of Contents

Getting Started

General information

Contact information

Safety symbols and terms

Inspection

Options and accessories

Plug-in switching modules

Cables and connector kits for switching modules

Cables and adapters (GPIB and trigger link)

Software

Rack Mount Kits

Carrying case

Model 2700 features

Plug-in switching modules

Pseudocards

Identifying installed switching modules

Fr ont and rear panel familiarization

Front panel summar y

Rear panel summary

Power-up

Line power connection

Line frequenc y

Setting line voltage and replacing fuse

Po wer -up sequence

Keyclick

Display

Status and error messages

Remote programming

Display commands

Programming e xample

Defaults and user setups

Saving and restoring setups

Saving a user setup

Saving a pow er -on setup

Restoring a setup

Programming e xample

Remote progr amming information

Quick start ex ercises

Close/open operation

Simple scanning

Close/open ov erview

Switching module installation and connections

Module installation

Connections

Pseudocards

Channel assignments

System channel oper ation

2-wire functions

4-wire functions (paired channels)

Controlling the system channel

CLOSE key (SINGLE menu option)

OPEN key (ALL menu option)

Non-amp and non-measure switching modules

Non-amps switching modules

Non-measure switching modules

Multiple channel oper ation

Controlling multiple channels

CLOSE key (MUL TI menu option)

OPEN key

Multiple channel operation anomalies

Dual independent multiplexers

Dual multiplexer application

Identifying installed modules and viewing closed channels

CARD menu

Switching module queries (remote oper ation)

Relay closur e count

Reading relay closur e count

Setting count update interval

Model 7700 switching module

Switching module capabilities

Schematic diagram

Basic DMM Operation

DMM measurement capabilities

High energy cir cuit safety precautions