Tektronix 2657A Primary User
Model 2657A High Power
www.keithley.com
System SourceMeter
User’s Manual
2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012
®
Instrument
ECNEDIFNOC FO ERUSAEM RETAERG A
Model 2657A
High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument
User's Manual
© 2012, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
All rights reserved.
Any unauthorized reproduction, photocopy, or use the information herein, in whole or in part,
without the prior written approval of Keithley Instruments, Inc. is strictly prohibited.
®
, TSP-Link®, and TSP-Net® are trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. All Keithley
TSP
Instruments product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
The Lua 5.0 software and associated documentation files are copyright © 1994-2008, Tecgraf,
PUC-Rio. Terms of license for the Lua software and associated documentation can be accessed at
the Lua licensing site (http://www.lua.org/license.html
).
Document number: 2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012
Safety Precautions
The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although
some instruments and accessories would normally be used with nonhazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous
conditions may be present.
This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions
required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using
the product. Refer to the user documentation for complete product specifications.
If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product warranty may be impaired.
The types of product users are:
Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the
equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.
Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the
instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.
Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line
voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the user documentation. The procedures
explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.
Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, perform safe installations, and repair products. Only properly trained
service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.
Keithley Instruments products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Measurement Category I and
Measurement Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most
measurement, control, and data I/O signals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or
to voltage sources with high transient overvoltages. Measurement Category II connections require protection for high transient
overvoltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are
for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the user documentation.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test
fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than
30 V RMS, 42.4 V peak, or 60 VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any
unknown circuit before measuring.
Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators
are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential
human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If
the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 V, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.
Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance-limited
sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective
devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.
Before operating an instrument, ensure that the line cord is connected to a properly-grounded power receptacle. Inspect the
connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.
When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input
power disconnect device must be provided in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.
For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under
test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting
cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.
Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth)
ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the
voltage being measured.
11/07
The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions, or the safety of
the equipment may be impaired.
Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating
information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.
When fuses are used in a product, replace with the same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use
of a lid interlock.
If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.
The
symbol on an instrument means caution, risk of danger. The user should refer to the operating instructions located in
the user documentation in all cases where the symbol is marked on the instrument.
The
symbol on an instrument means caution, risk of electric shock. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal
contact with these voltages.
The
The
symbol on an instrument shows that the surface may be hot. Avoid personal contact to prevent burns.
symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.
If this symbol is on a product, it indicates that mercury is present in the display lamp. Please note that the lamp must be
properly disposed of according to federal, state, and local laws.
The WARNING heading in the user documentation explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read
the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.
The CAUTION heading in the user documentation explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may
invalidate the warranty.
Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.
To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits — including the power
transformer, test leads, and input jacks — must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses with applicable national
safety approvals may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety-related may be
purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component (note that selected parts should be
purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product). If you are unsure about the
applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.
To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water-based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply
cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with
no case or chassis (e.g., a data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled
according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the
factory for proper cleaning/servicing.
11/07
Table of Contents
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1-1
Welcome .............................................................................................................................. 1-1
Extended warranty ............................................................................................................... 1-1
Introduction to this manual ................................................................................................... 1-1
CD-ROM contents ................................................................................................................ 1-2
Organization of manual sections .......................................................................................... 1-3
Applications .......................................................................................................................... 1-3
Safe configuration and test setup ........................................................................... 2-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 2-1
Using the Model 2657A with the Model 8010 test fixture ..................................................... 2-1
Using the Model 2657A in a custom test fixture or system .................................................. 2-3
Connecting the interlock of the Model 2657A ............................................................................ 2-3
Connecting the Model 2657A output to a custom test fixture .................................................... 2-4
Four-wire connections to a test fixture with HV triaxial connectors ........................................... 2-9
Using the front-panel interface ............................................................................... 3-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 3-1
Front panel ........................................................................................................................... 3-2
Placing a Model 2657A in standby ............................................................................................ 3-4
Changing values from the front panel ....................................................................................... 3-4
Using the web interface ........................................................................................... 4-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4-1
Connecting to the instrument web interface......................................................................... 4-1
Web interface home page .................................................................................................... 4-2
IP configuration tab .............................................................................................................. 4-3
TSB Embedded .................................................................................................................... 4-4
Create a script using TSB Embedded ....................................................................................... 4-4
Exercise: Create and run a script with TSB Embedded ............................................................ 4-4
Reading buffers .................................................................................................................... 4-7
Exercise: Retrieve readings from a buffer ................................................................................. 4-7
TSP Express ........................................................................................................................ 4-9
Making basic front-panel measurements ............................................................... 5-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 5-1
Equipment needed for this example .................................................................................... 5-1
Device connections .............................................................................................................. 5-2
Table of Contents
User's Manual
Model 2657A High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument
Making front-panel measurements ...................................................................................... 5-4
Procedure for making front-panel measurements ..................................................................... 5-4
Measuring diode off-state breakdown .................................................................... 6-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 6-1
Equipment required .............................................................................................................. 6-1
Set up communication.......................................................................................................... 6-2
Device connections .............................................................................................................. 6-3
Simple reverse voltage sweep ............................................................................................. 6-5
Example code ........................................................................................................................... 6-5
Example usage ......................................................................................................................... 6-8
Advanced reverse voltage sweep ........................................................................................ 6-9
Example code ........................................................................................................................... 6-9
Example usage ....................................................................................................................... 6-12
Measuring capacitor leakage .................................................................................. 7-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 7-1
Equipment required .............................................................................................................. 7-1
Set up communication.......................................................................................................... 7-2
Device connections .............................................................................................................. 7-2
Measuring leakage current and insulation resistance .......................................................... 7-4
Example code ........................................................................................................................... 7-4
Example usage ......................................................................................................................... 7-6
Measuring MOSFET characteristics ....................................................................... 8-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8-1
Equipment required .............................................................................................................. 8-1
Set up communication.......................................................................................................... 8-2
Device connections .............................................................................................................. 8-3
BVdss measurement ............................................................................................................ 8-6
Example code ........................................................................................................................... 8-7
Example usage ......................................................................................................................... 8-8
Idss measurement ................................................................................................................ 8-9
Example code ........................................................................................................................... 8-9
Example usage ....................................................................................................................... 8-11
Measuring thyristor DC characteristics .................................................................. 9-1
ii 2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012
I ntroduction ......................................................................................................................... 9-1
Equipment required for this example ................................................................................... 9-1
Set up communication.......................................................................................................... 9-2
Device connections .............................................................................................................. 9-3
Model 2657A
of Contents
High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument User's Manual Table
Vdrm and Idrm thyristor measurements ............................................................................... 9-6
Example code ........................................................................................................................... 9-6
Example usage ......................................................................................................................... 9-8
Determine the holding current of a thyristor ....................................................................... 9-10
Example code ......................................................................................................................... 9-10
Example usage ....................................................................................................................... 9-12
Determine the latching current of a thyristor ...................................................................... 9-12
Example code ......................................................................................................................... 9-13
Example usage ....................................................................................................................... 9-15
Troubleshooting FAQs .......................................................................................... 10-1
About this section ............................................................................................................... 10-1
How do I change the line frequency or voltage? ................................................................ 10-1
Where can I find updated drivers? ..................................................................................... 10-2
Can I convert to coaxial cables? ........................................................................................ 10-2
How do I connect LO terminals of multiple SMUs together? ............................................. 10-2
What should I do if I get an 802 interlock error? ................................................................ 10-3
Why is the reading value 9.91e37? .................................................................................... 10-3
Why is the reading value 9.92e37? .................................................................................... 10-3
Next steps ............................................................................................................... 11-1
Additional Model 2657A information .................................................................................. 11-1
Index .................................................................................................................. Index-1
2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012 iii
Applications .............................................................................. 1-3
Welcome
Section 1
Introduction
In this section:
Welcome .................................................................................. 1-1
Extended warranty ................................................................... 1-1
Introduction to this manual ....................................................... 1-1
CD-ROM contents .................................................................... 1-2
Organization of manual sections .............................................. 1-3
Thank you for choosing a Keithley Instruments product. The Model 2657A High Power System
SourceMeter
®
Instrument provides manufacturers of electronic components and semiconductor
devices with an instrument that combines source and measurement capabilities in a single instrument
called a source-measure unit (also called a SMU). This combination simplifies test processes by
eliminating synchronization and connection issues associated with multiple instrument solutions.
A Model 2657A provides a scalable, high throughput, highly cost-effective solution for precision DC,
pulse, and high voltage source-measure testing that also maintains code compatibility with the Series
2600A instruments.
Extended warranty
Additional years of warranty coverage are available on many products. These valuable contracts
protect you from unbudgeted service expenses and provide additional years of protection at a fraction
of the price of a repair. Extended warranties are available on new and existing products. Contact your
local Keithley Instruments representative for details.
Introduction to this manual
This manual provides detailed tutorials to help you achieve success with your Keithley Instruments
Model 2657A High Power System SourceMeter
basics of the two simplest Model 2657A interfaces, the front panel and the web interface, to
familiarize you with the instrument. You can also familiarize yourself with the instrument by running
the examples in this manual that are relevant to your intended use and to the equipment you are
using.
®
Instrument. In addition, this manual provides the
Some of the examples in this manual may use unfamiliar commands and concepts. For detailed
information about these, refer to the Reference Manual (part number 2657A-901-01) on the Product
Information CD-ROM that came with your instrument.
Section
User's Manual
1: Introduction Model 2657A High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument
CD-ROM contents
Two CD-ROMs are shipped with each Series 2650A instrument:
• The Series 2650A Product Information CD-ROM (Keithley Instruments part number
2650AS-950-01)
• Test Script Builder Integrated Development Environment CD-ROM (Keithley Instruments part
number KTS-850)
The Series 2650A Product Information CD-ROM contains:
• Quick Start Guide: Provides unpacking instructions, describes basic connections, and reviews
basic operation information. If you are new to Keithley Instruments equipment, refer to the Quick
Start Guide to take the steps needed to unpack, set up, and verify operation.
• User's Manual: Provides application examples. If you need a starting point to begin creation of
applications, refer to the User's Manual for a variety of specific examples.
• Reference Manual: Includes advanced operation topics and maintenance information.
Programmers looking for a command reference, and users looking for an in-depth description of
the way the instrument works (including troubleshooting and optimization), should refer to the
Reference Manual.
• Model 8010 High Power Test Fixture Interconnection Reference Guide: A quick reference for
making typical test connections using the optional Model 8010 test fixture.
• Model 8010 High Power Test Fixture User's Manual: Provides complete connection
information and sample applications for the optional Model 8010 test fixture.
• Accessories information: Documentation for available accessories.
• Model 2657A TSB Add-in: Additional tools for the Test Script Builder Integrated Development
Environment (TSB), including Model 2657A-specific examples and help files.
• Drivers and release notes: IVI Instrument Driver, National Instruments LabVIEW™ driver, and
related release notes.
• J2SE™ Runtime Environment: Web browser plug-in that is required to run the web applications
that are available through the instrument web interface.
• Keithley I/O layer and release notes: The Keithley I/O layer manages communications between
Keithley Instruments drivers and software applications and the Model 2657A.
• Keithley LXI Discovery Browser: Identifies the IP addresses of instruments connected to the
local area network (LAN) that support VXI-11 discovery protocol.
For the latest drivers and additional support information, see the Keithley Instruments website
(http://www.keithley.com).
The Test Script Builder Integrated Development Environment CD-ROM contains:
• The installation files for the Test Script Builder Integrated Development Environment. This
software provides an environment in which you can develop a test program and the ability to load
the test program onto the instrument. Running a program that is loaded on the instrument
eliminates the need to send individual commands from the host computer to the instrument when
1-2 2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012
running a test.
Model 2657A
Introduction
High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 1:
Organization of manual sections
This manual is organized into the following sections:
• Safe configuration and test setup (on page 2-1): Describes how to use the Model 2657A with the
optional Keithley Instruments Model 8010 High Power Device Test Fixture or a custom test fixture
or system.
• Using the front-panel interface (on page 3-1): Describes the basics of using the front-panel
interface.
• Using the web interface (on page 4-1): Describes the basics of using the web interface.
• Applications (described below) that provide detailed examples of how to use the Model 2657A.
• Troubleshooting FAQs (on page 10-1): Provides answers to frequently asked questions to help
you troubleshoot common problems encountered with the Model 2657A.
• Next steps (on page 11-1): Provides information about additional resources that can help you use
the Model 2657A.
Bookmarks for each section are provided in the PDF version. The manual sections are also listed in
the Table of Contents located at the beginning of this manual.
For more information about bookmarks, see Adobe
®
Acrobat® or Reader® help.
Applications
In addition to being a stand-alone instrument, the Keithley Instruments Model 2657A can intelligently
connect to other instruments and multiple devices. This manual provides application examples that
guide you through several common instrument-to-instrument scenarios. These applications are
presented after the summary information about the Model 2657A, and include:
• Making basic front-panel measurements (on page 5-1): Demonstrates the basic measurement
function using a single Model 2657A and a two-terminal device under test (DUT).
• Measuring diode off-state breakdown (on page 6-1): Two examples demonstrate how to use the
Model 2657A to measure the reverse breakdown characteristics of a high voltage diode. The
Model 2657A measures the leakage current as the reverse voltage is swept to the specified
breakdown voltage of the diode.
• Measuring capacitor leakage (on page 7-1): Demonstrates how to use the Model 2657A to
measure the leakage current and calculate the insulation resistance of a capacitor.
• Measuring MOSFET characteristics (on page 8-1): Two examples demonstrate how to use the
Model 2657A to measure the drain to source breakdown voltage and leakage current of a
MOSFET. These tests perform the BV
• Measuring thyristor DC characteristics (on page 9-1): Three examples demonstrate how to use
the Model 2657A to characterize several DC characteristics of gated thyristors.
measurement and I
dss
measurements.
dss
2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012 1-3
Using the Model 2657A in a custom test fixture or system ....... 2-3
In this section:
Introduction .............................................................................. 2-1
Using the Model 2657A with the Model 8010 test fixture ......... 2-1
Introduction
The Model 2657A can generate hazardous voltages. It is intended for use with a test fixture or in a
test system that has safety mechanisms in place to prevent an operator from accessing these
voltages.
This section describes how to use the Model 2657A with:
Section 2
Safe configuration and test setup
• The optional Keithley Instruments Model 8010 High Power Device Test Fixture
• A custom test fixture or system
Using the Model 2657A with the Model 8010 test fixture
The Model 8010 test fixture is designed to safely and easily interface to the Model 2657A for quick
testing of a variety of packaged devices.
Only one Model 2657A may be connected to the Model 8010. However, you can connect other
Keithley SourceMeter Instruments (SMUs) to the Model 8010 for testing multi-pin devices. See the
Model 8010 User's Manual for a list of supported instruments.
The Model 8010 provides a safety interlock for up to six SMUs, including the Model 2657A. Opening
the test fixture lid disables the output of any SMU that can produce hazardous live voltages (more
than 42 V
To connect the safety interlock from the Model 8010 to the Model 2657A, use the CA-558-2 cable
assembly. This cable is supplied with the Model 8010. The cable assembly connects the safety
interlock pins on the digital I/O connector of the Model 2657A to any one of the Series 26xxA Interlock
connectors on the rear panel of the Model 8010. See
connections (on page 2-2) for connection details.
The Model 2657A is provided with an interlock circuit that must be positively activated in
order for the high voltage output to be enabled. The interlock helps facilitate safe operation
of the equipment in a test system. Bypassing the interlock could expose the operator to
hazardous voltages that could result in personal injury or death.
). Closing and latching the lid enables testing with hazardous voltages.
peak
Model 8010 to Model 2657A rear panel
Section
User's Manual
2: Safe configuration and test setup Model 2657A High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument
To connect the Model 2657A output to the Model 8010, use only Model HV-CA-554 high-voltage
triaxial cable assemblies. See the following figure for connections.
Be sure to connect the Model 8010 to protective earth (safety ground) using the screws on its rear
panel.
The ground wires must be attached to a known protective earth (safety ground) before
powering on instruments. Failure to attach the ground wires to a known protective earth may
result in electric shock.
Refer to the Model 8010 User's Manual for additional details.
Figure 1: Model 8010 to Model 2657A rear panel connections
2-2 2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012
Model 2657A
Safe configuration and test setup
High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 2:
Using the Model 2657A in a custom test fixture or system
You can use the Model 2657A safely with a properly designed custom test fixture or with a
semiconductor device prober or handler.
Connect the enclosure of all metal test fixtures to protective earth (safety ground).
Nonconductive test fixtures must be rated to double the maximum capability of the test
equipment in the system. Failure to attach the ground wires to a known protective earth may
result in electric shock.
Connecting the interlock of the Model 2657A
The graphic below shows how the interlock pin controls the high voltage supply.
Figure 2: Interlock control of the high voltage power supply
2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012 2-3
Section
User's Manual
2: Safe configuration and test setup Model 2657A High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument
The output of the Model 2657A can only be turned on when the interlock is engaged. Attempting to
turn on the output when the interlock is disengaged will generate error code 802, "Output Blocked by
Interlock."
The interlock is engaged when the interlock pin is pulled high through a switch to more than +4 V. To
drive the interlock pin high, the external supply must supply a minimum of 50 mA. The interlock is
disengaged when the signal applied is less than +4 V. The absolute maximum input is −0.4 V to
+6.0 V.
The interlock is intended for use through a normally open switch, which may be installed on the lid of
a test fixture, on the enclosure of a semiconductor prober or device handler, or on the door or doors
of a test equipment rack.
Connecting the Model 2657A output to a custom test fixture
Keithley Instruments offers several accessories that can help you when building a custom test fixture
or system.
You can use high voltage coaxial or triaxial connectors on your test fixture. The following sections
show you how to connect from the Model 2657A to the custom fixture and also how to make
connections to the device inside the custom fixture.
Using coaxial connections (SHV)
You may need to adapt connections from the Model 2657A to safe high-voltage (SHV) coaxial
connections in your test system. For this situation, you can use the Keithley Instruments
Model SHV-CA-553 high-voltage triaxial to SHV cable assemblies.
The inner shield of the high-voltage triaxial connector is not carried to the SHV connector end. The
result of this is that portions of the test setup are unguarded. This can increase source and
measurement settling time. It can also degrade low-current measurement performance.
Figure 3: High-voltage triaxial to SHV cable assembly (SHV-CA-553)
Figure 4: High-voltage triaxial to SHV coaxial cable assembly schematic
2-4 2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012
Model 2657A
Safe configuration and test setup
High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 2:
Be aware that when you connect the Model SHV-CA-553 cable assembly to the SLO/LO triaxial
connector on the rear panel of the Model 2657A, the LO terminal is the inner (or first) shield.
Therefore, the LO terminal is not carried to the SHV end of the Model SHV-CA-553 cable assembly.
Use the LO triaxial connector on the rear panel of the Model 2657A to access Output LO.
If you need to convert from safe high-voltage (SHV) to another connector type, be sure to
only adapt SHV connectors to connectors that are rated to the maximum possible voltage in
your test setup. If you use adapters that are not rated to the maximum possible voltage in
your test setup, electric shock may result.
Four-wire connections to a test fixture with SHV connectors
The following figure is an example that demonstrates the 4-wire connections from the Model 2657A to
a resistor installed in a custom test fixture with SHV connectors.
Figure 5: Four-wire connections to a custom test fixture with SHV connectors
2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012 2-5
Section
User's Manual
1
Model 2657A protective earth (safety
1
Additional connections for redundant protective
protective earth (safety ground) cable assembly.
2
Interlock connection
1
Model 2657A digital I/O; pin 24 (INT) and pin 22
connection
4
Interlocked metal safety enclosure
1
A safety enclosure with an interlock that has a
normally-open (NO) switch.
5
Test fixture protective earth (safety
ground)
1
Redundant grounds may be required for specific
test setups.
6
Sense HI, HI, LO, and sense LO
panel-mount SHV connections
4
Customer-supplied.
7
Model SHV-CA-553 High-Voltage
Triaxial to SHV Cable
4
8
Model 2657A
1
2: Safe configuration and test setup Model 2657A High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument
Item Description Qty Notes
ground)
earth may be required.
Keithley Instrument's Model CA-568 is a
(5 VDC) connected to the test fixture lid switch.
Keithley Instrument's Model 7709-308 is a 25-pin
interlock male connector that can be used for
custom connections.
Interlock switch is shown in the disengaged (lid
open) position.
3 Test fixture interlock switch
1
Figure 6: Physical four-wire connections to a test fixture with SHV connectors
2-6 2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012
Model 2657A
Safe configuration and test setup
1
Outer jacket
2
Outer shield
Spacing between the inner shield and any user accessible circuit: 33.5
16.75 mm
4
Center conductor
Spacing between the center conductor:
And a metal enclosure (if used): 16.75 mm
5
First dielectric
6
Second dielectric
7
Inner jacket
With wrapped tape barrier. Minimum spacing between inner and outer
High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 2:
Using high-voltage triaxial connectors
You may use the Keithley Instruments HV-CA-571-3 cable assembly to create custom test fixtures or
systems with panel-mount high-voltage triaxial connectors. Use the HV-CA-554 cable assemblies to
connect the Model 2657A to these custom test fixtures.
Figure 7: Connect to custom test fixtures with the HV-CA-571-3 cable assembly
The HV-CA-571-3 is supplied with one unterminated end. It is intended to be used in a safe
enclosure.
To properly connect the unterminated end to points in your test circuit, ensure proper voltage spacing
for the maximum possible voltage in your test system. For 3000 V, ensure these spacings:
Figure 8: Voltage spacing
Item Description Notes
3 Inner shield
mm; spacing between the inner shield and a metal enclosure (if used):
• And any user accessible circuit: 33.5 mm
•
2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012 2-7
shield: 16.75 mm.
Section
User's Manual
2: Safe configuration and test setup Model 2657A High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument
Please note how the above spacing requirements relate to the output terminals of the Model 2657A:
Figure 9: Model 2657A HI and SHI terminals
Follow all spacing requirements as described in Using high-voltage triaxial connectors (on page 2-7).
For the Sense LO and LO terminals, the center conductor and first shield should be within a few volts
of each other to guarantee normal operation. Therefore, there is minimal space required between
these two conductors.
Figure 10: Model 2657A Sense LO and output LO terminal
Figure 11: Model 2657A LO terminal
Connections to LO on the Model 2657A are not necessarily at 0 V. Hazardous voltages could
exist between LO and chassis ground. Make sure that high-voltage precautions are taken
throughout the test system. Alternatively, limit hazardous levels by adding external
protection to limit the voltage between LO and chassis. Failure to make sure high-voltage
precautions are used throughout the test system or a failure to limit hazardous levels could
result in severe personal injury or death from electric shock.
2-8 2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012
Model 2657A
Safe configuration and test setup
High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 2:
Four-wire connections to a test fixture with HV triaxial connectors
The following graphic demonstrates 4-wire connections from the Model 2657A to a resistor in a
custom test fixture that uses Keithley Instruments high-voltage triaxial connectors.
You may need additional connections for redundant protective earth (safety ground) that are not
shown in the following graphic.
Hazardous voltages may be present on all output and guard terminals. To prevent electrical
shock that could cause injury or death, never make or break connections to the Model 2657A
while the instrument is powered on. Turn off the equipment from the front panel or
disconnect the main power cord from the rear of the Model 2657A before handling cables.
Putting the equipment into standby does not guarantee that the outputs are powered off if a
hardware or software fault occurs.
Figure 12: Model 2657A four-wire connections (remote sensing)
2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012 2-9
Section
User's Manual
1
Model 2657A protective earth (safety
1
Additional connections for redundant protective
protective earth (safety ground) cable assembly.
2
Interlock connection
1
Model 2657A digital I/O pin 24 (INT) and pin 22
connection
4
Interlocked metal safety enclosure
1
A safety enclosure with an interlock that has a
normally-open (NO) switch.
5
Test fixture protective earth (safety
ground)
1
Redundant grounds may be required for specific
test setups.
6
Model HV-CA-571-3 High-Voltage
Unterminated Cable Assembly
3
See schematic for connections. Refer to Using
Triaxial Cable
8
Model 2657A
1
2: Safe configuration and test setup Model 2657A High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument
Item Description Qty Notes
ground)
earth may be required.
Keithley Instrument's Model CA-568 is a
(5 VDC) connected to the test fixture lid switch.
Keithley Instrument's Model 7709-308 is a 25-pin
interlock male connector that can be used for
custom connections.
Interlock switch is shown in the disengaged (lid
open) position.
3 Test fixture interlock switch
Triaxial Panel-Mount Connector to
7 Model HV-CA-554 High-Voltage
1
3
high-voltage triaxial connectors (on page 2-7).
Figure 13: Model 2657A four-wire connections (remote sensing) physical connections
2-10 2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012
Front panel ............................................................................... 3-2
In this section:
Introduction .............................................................................. 3-1
Introduction
Before starting this section, complete the tasks outlined in the Model 2657A Quick Start Guide. Once
you have completed those tasks, read this section, which provides enough basic information about
the Model 2657A front-panel interface to work through the examples provided in this manual.
The front panel of the Keithley Instruments Model 2657A contains the following items:
Section 3
Using the front-panel interface
• POWER switch
• Display
• The navigation wheel
• The setup and control keys
You can use the keys, display, and the navigation wheel
and to set values.
For additional information about the front panel, see the “General operation” section in the Model
2657A Reference Manual.
The power cord supplied with the Model 2657A contains a separate ground wire for use with
grounded outlets. When proper connections are made, the instrument chassis is connected
to power-line ground through the ground wire in the power cord. Ensure that the protective
earth (safety ground) terminal is properly connected to a known protective earth (safety
ground) before operating the instrument. Failure to use a grounded outlet may result in
personal injury or death due to electric shock.
Operating the instrument on an incorrect line voltage may cause damage to the instrument, possibly
voiding the warranty.
to access, view, and edit the menu items
Section
User's Manual
EDIT
Instrument is in editing mode
ERR
Questionable reading or invalid calibration step
REM
TALK
Instrument is addressed to talk
LSTN
Instrument is addressed to listen
SRQ
Service request is asserted
REL
FILT
Digital filter is enabled
AUTO
Source or measure autorange is selected
* (asterisk)
Readings are being stored in the buffer
3: Using the front-panel interface Model 2657A High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument
Front panel
The front panel of the Model 2657A is shown below.
Figure 14: Front panel
(1) The POWER switch. Press this switch to turn the instrument on (|). Press it again to turn the
instrument off (O).
(2) The display. During operation, the display provides readings and information about the selected
measurement and configuration. It also shows the control status (local or remote). If REM is
displayed, the instrument is being controlled remotely (through GPIB, LAN, or RS-232). If REM is
not displayed, control is through the front panel.
During setup, the display shows menu choices that you can use to configure the instrument.
The items listed below represent the possible display indicators and what they mean.
Indicator Meaning
Instrument is in remote mode
Relative mode is enabled
(3) The navigation wheel . Turn the navigation wheel to scroll to a menu option or to change
the selected value.
Push the navigation wheel
cases, pressing the navigation wheel
to open menus or to select a menu option or a value. In most
performs the same action as pressing the ENTER key.
(4) The OUTPUT ON/OFF control. Press this control to turn the Model 2657A source output on or off.
The output indicator will light when the source is on.
3-2 2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012
Model 2657A
Toggles between the source-measure displays and the user message mode.
Configures a function or operation.
Selects the source function (V or A) and places the cursor in the source field for
editing.
Places the cursor in the compliance limit field for editing. Also selects the limit value
Directly controls the mode.
Cycles through display resolution (4½, 5½, or 6½ digits).
Selects either the fast or integrating analog-to-digital converter (ADC). When the
Accesses the main menu. The main menu can be used to configure many facets of
Accepts the current selection or opens the next menu option. In most cases,
pressing the ENTER key is the same as pressing the navigation wheel .
(see To change a value using the numeric keypad (on page 3-4)).
High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 3: Using the front-panel interface
(5) The setup and control keys. These keys provide front panel control and configuration. The
following figure illustrates each key's location. The table following the figure contains a definition
of each key.
Figure 15: Setup and control keys
Key descriptions
Key Description
DISPLAY
CONFIG
SRC
ME AS
LIMIT
MODE
DIGITS
SPEED
REL
FILTER
LOAD
RUN
STORE
RECALL
TRIG
MENU
EXIT
(LOCAL)
ENTER
Cycles through measure functions (V, A, Ω, or W).
to edit (V, A, or W).
integrating ADC is selected, this key also sets the measurement speed and
accuracy by controlling the measurement aperture.
Controls relative measurements. This allows a baseline value to be subtracted from
a reading.
Enables or disables the digital filter. You can use this filter to reduce reading noise.
Loads a test for execution.
Runs the last selected factory or user-defined test code.
Accesses reading buffers and takes readings.
Recalls data (or statistics) from CHANA-BUFF1 or CHANA-BUFF2.
Triggers readings.
operation.
Cancels the selection and backs out of the menu structure. Also used as a LOCAL
key to take the instrument out of remote operation.
Number
keys
2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012 3-3
When enabled, the number keys (0-9, +/-, 0000) allow direct numeric entry when the
instrument is in the EDIT mode. Press the navigation wheel
to enter EDIT mode
Section
User's Manual
3: Using the front-panel interface Model 2657A High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument
Placing a Model 2657A in standby
Hazardous voltages may be present on all output and guard terminals. To prevent electrical
shock that could cause injury or death, never make or break connections to the Model 2657A
while the instrument is powered on. Turn off the equipment from the front panel or
disconnect the main power cord from the rear of the Model 2657A before handling cables.
Putting the equipment into standby does not guarantee that the outputs are powered off if a
hardware or software fault occurs.
When the instrument is on, you can place the output in an active output state (output on) or a standby
mode (output off). From the front panel, press the OUTPUT ON/OFF control to toggle the output
using the present instrument configuration. You can also place the output in standby over the remote
interface by sending the following command:
smua.source.output = 0
Even though the instrument is placed in standby, the output may not be actually off.
Changing values from the front panel
You can use the navigation wheel or the number pad to change values on the display, as described in
the following sections.
To change a value using the navigation wheel :
1. Turn the navigation wheel
to go to the character you want to change (the character blinks
when selected).
2. Press the navigation wheel
3. Turn the navigation wheel
4. Press the navigation wheel
to edit that character.
to change the value.
to enter the change.
5. Repeat these steps as needed to change the value.
6. Press the ENTER key or the navigation wheel
when finished changing all the characters.
To change a value using the numeric keypad:
1. You must enable the keypad. Press the MENU key, then select DISPLAY > NUMPAD >
ENABLE.
2. Use the CURSOR arrow keys to move the cursor to the value that you want to edit.
3. Press the number keys (0-9, +/-, 0000). The cursor moves to the next value on the right.
4. Repeat the above steps as required to set the desired values.
5. Press the ENTER key to accept the value or press the EXIT (LOCAL) key to cancel the change.
6. (Optional) Press the EXIT (LOCAL) key to return to the main menu.
3-4 2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012
TSP Express ............................................................................ 4-9
In this section:
Introduction .............................................................................. 4-1
Connecting to the instrument web interface ............................. 4-1
Web interface home page ........................................................ 4-2
IP configuration tab .................................................................. 4-3
TSB Embedded ........................................................................ 4-4
Reading buffers ........................................................................ 4-7
Introduction
The Model 2657A web interface allows you to review instrument status, control the instrument, and
upgrade the instrument over a LAN connection.
Section 4
Using the web interface
The instrument web page resides in the firmware of the instrument. Changes you make through the
web interface are immediately made in the instrument.
Many examples in this manual and in the Model 2657A Reference Manual can be run through the
TSB Embedded page of the instrument web interface.
Connecting to the instrument web interface
The instrument web interface requires the web browser plug-in JavaTM SE Runtime Environment
Version 6 or later. The latest version of the plug-in is available from
http://www.java.com/en/download/manual.jsp (http://www.java.com/en/download/manual.jsp).
Installation files are also available on the Model 2657A Product Information CD-ROM that came with
your instrument.
The instrument web interface uses Java applets and, depending on your browser security settings,
may require your permission to download and install them.
To connect to the instrument web interface, you must have a LAN connection from the computer to
the instrument. See "LAN concepts and settings" in the Model 2657A Reference Manual for more
information about configuring the Model 2657A for a LAN connection, connecting the Model 2657A to
the LAN, and establishing a LAN connection to the instrument.
Once the Model 2657A is configured correctly and connected to the LAN, you can use the Keithley
®
Discovery Browser to identify the IP addresses of instruments that are connected to the LAN and
LXI
that support the VXI-11 discovery protocol as required by LXI. You can also manually set up the IP
address.
Section
User's Manual
4: Using the web interface Model 2657A High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument
The Keithley LXI Discovery Browser is available on the instrument CD. It is also available on the
Keithley Instruments website (http://www.keithley.com
).
To locate the Keithley LXI Discovery Browser on the Keithley website:
1. Select the Support tab.
2. In the model number box, type 2657A.
3. From the list, select Software and click the search icon. A list of software applications for the
instrument is displayed.
4. See the readme file included with the application for more information.
For more information about the LXI Consortium, see the LXI Consortium website
(http://www.lxistandard.org/).
To use the Keithley LXI Discovery Browser to identify IP addresses:
1. From the Windows Start Menu, select Keithley Instruments.
2. In the LXI Discovery Browser folder, double-click LXI Discovery Browser.
3. The tool should automatically identify the IP addresses of connected instruments. If no IP
addresses are shown, click Refresh.
4. Double-click the IP address in the Browser to open the web interface for the instrument.
To manually set up the IP address to connect the instrument to the web interface:
1. Connect the Model 2657A to the LAN and confirm that the LAN light on the instrument is
illuminated. The LAN light is located on the rear panel as part of the LAN RJ-45 connector.
®
2. Open an Internet browser, such as Microsoft
Windows® Internet Explorer® (version 6.0 or later
only).
3. If you do not know the IP address, press the MENU key on the instrument front panel and then
select LAN > STATUS > IP-ADDRESS.
4. In the Address box of the Internet browser, enter the IP address of the instrument and press
Enter.
The home page of the instrument web interface is displayed.
Web interface home page
The Welcome page of the web interface gives you basic information about the instrument, including:
• The instrument model, serial number, firmware revision, calibration date, and LXI information
• An ID button to help you locate the instrument
• Links to the instrument web options, including TSB Embedded, Reading Buffers, Flash Upgrade,
4-2 2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012
and TSP
®
Express.
Mo
Using the web interface
del 2657A High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument User's Manual Section 4:
IP configuration tab
The IP Configuration tab provides access to the Model 2657A LAN settings. Refer to the Model
2657A Reference Manual for additional information about IP configuration.
You must reload the page if you change the LAN settings from the Modify IP configuration page. If the
IP address changes (due to automatic configuration mode or changing the setting to a different static
IP address), you must type the new IP address in the address bar of your Internet browser before you
can use the web interface again.
2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012 4-3
Section
User's Manual
4: Using the web interface Model 2657A High Power System Sourcemeter® Instrument
TSB Embedded
TSB Embedded is a web application that includes a command-line interface that you can use to issue
commands and interact with the instrument. TSB Embedded also provides a convenient way to
create and manage user scripts. TSB Embedded resides in the instrument.
You can use TSB Embedded to run the application examples in other sections of this manual.
If you can access the web interface home page, but cannot use TSB Embedded (or TSP Express),
make sure you have the Java
TM
SE Runtime Environment (JRE) Version 6 or later installed on your
computer.
Create a script using TSB Embedded
If you are using TSB Embedded to create scripts, you do not need to use the commands
loadscript or loadandrunscript and endscript.
Exercise: Create and run a script with TSB Embedded
The following programming example illustrates the setup and command sequence of a basic
source-measure procedure with the following parameters:
• Source function and range: voltage, autorange
• Source output level: 1000 V
• Current compliance limit: 10 mA
• Measure function and range: current, 20 mA
To create and run a sample script with TSB Embedded:
1. From the navigation on the left side of the web interface, select TSB Embedded. The TSB
Embedded page is displayed.
Figure 16: Select TSB Embedded
4-4 2657A-900-01 Rev. A / April 2012
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