Tektronix 2651A Reference manual

Model 2651A High Power
System SourceMeter Instrument

Reference Manual

2651A-901-01 Rev. C October 2021

tek.com/keithley

*P2651A-901-01C*

2651A-901-01C

High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument

Reference Manual

Model 2651A

© 2021, Keithley Instruments, LLC

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

All rights reserved.

Any unauthorized reproduction, photocopy, or use of the information herein, in whole or in part,

without the prior written approval of Keithley Instruments, LLC, is strictly prohibited.

These are the original instructions in English.

TSPTM, TSP-LinkTM, and TSP-NetTM are trademarks of Keithley Instruments, LLC. All Keithley

Instruments product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, LLC.

Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

The Lua 5.0 software and associated documentation files are copyright © 1994 - 2015, Lua.org,

PUC-Rio. You can access terms of license for the Lua software and associated documentation at

the Lua licensing site (https://www.lua.org/license.html).

Microsoft, Visual C++, Excel, and Windows are either registered trademarks or trademarks of

Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Document number: 2651A-901-01 Rev. C October 2021

Safety precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although
some instruments and accessories would normally be used with nonhazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous
conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required
to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the
product. Refer to the user documentation for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product warranty may be impaired.
The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the
equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the
instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line
voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the user documentation. The procedures
explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, perform safe installations, and repair products. Only properly trained
service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are measurement, control, and data I/O connections, with low
transient overvoltages, and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient
overvoltages. Measurement Category II (as referenced in IEC 60664) connections require protection for high transient
overvoltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Certain Keithley measuring instruments may be connected to
mains. These instruments will be marked as category II or higher.

Unless explicitly allowed in the specifications, operating manual, and instrument labels, do not connect any instrument to mains.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test

fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than
30 V RMS, 42.4 V peak, or 60 VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any
unknown circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators
are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential
human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If
the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 V, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance-limited
sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective
devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, ensure that the line cord is connected to a properly-grounded power receptacle. Inspect the
connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input
power disconnect device must be provided in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under
test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting
cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth)
ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the
voltage being measured.

For safety, instruments and accessories must be used in accordance with the operating instructions. If the instruments or
accessories are used in a manner not specified in the operating instructions, the protection provided by the equipment may be
impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories. Maximum signal levels are defined in the
specifications and operating information and shown on the instrument panels, test fixture panels, and switching cards.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with the same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as protective earth (safety ground)

connections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use

of a lid interlock.

If a screw is present, connect it to protective earth (safety ground) using the wire recommended in the user documentation.

The symbol on an instrument means caution, risk of hazard. The user must refer to the operating instructions located in the
user documentation in all cases where the symbol is marked on the instrument.

The symbol on an instrument means warning, risk of electric shock. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal
contact with these voltages.

The symbol on an instrument shows that the surface may be hot. Avoid personal contact to prevent burns.

The symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.

If this symbol is on a product, it indicates that mercury is present in the display lamp. Please note that the lamp must be
properly disposed of according to federal, state, and local laws.

The WARNING heading in the user documentation explains hazards that might result in personal injury or death. Always read
the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading in the user documentation explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may
invalidate the warranty.

The CAUTION heading with the symbol in the user documentation explains hazards that could result in moderate or minor
injury or damage the instrument. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated
procedure. Damage to the instrument may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.
To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits — including the power

transformer, test leads, and input jacks — must be purchased from Keithley. Standard fuses with applicable national safety
approvals may be used if the rating and type are the same. The detachable mains power cord provided with the instrument may
only be replaced with a similarly rated power cord. Other components that are not safety-related may be purchased from other
suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component (note that selected parts should be purchased only through
Keithley to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product). If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement
component, call a Keithley office for information.

Unless otherwise noted in product-specific literature, Keithley instruments are designed to operate indoors only, in the following
environment: Altitude at or below 2,000 m (6,562 ft); temperature 0 °C to 50 °C (32 °F to 122 °F); and pollution degree 1 or 2.

To clean an instrument, use a cloth dampened with deionized water or mild, water-based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the
instrument only. Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that
consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., a data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never
require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board
should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

Safety precaution revision as of June 2017.

Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1-1

Welcome .............................................................................................................................. 1-1

Extended warranty ............................................................................................................... 1-1

Contact information .............................................................................................................. 1-1

Customer documentation ..................................................................................................... 1-2

Organization of manual sections ............................................................................................... 1-2

Capabilities and features...................................................................................................... 1-3

Model-specific capabilities ................................................................................................... 1-4

General information .............................................................................................................. 1-4

Displaying the serial number ..................................................................................................... 1-4

General operation .................................................................................................... 2-1

General ratings ..................................................................................................................... 2-1

Controls, indicators, and connectors .................................................................................... 2-2

Front panel ................................................................................................................................ 2-2

Rear panel................................................................................................................................. 2-6

Cooling vents ....................................................................................................................... 2-8

Starting up your instrument .................................................................................................. 2-9

Procedure.................................................................................................................................. 2-9

Placing the Model 2651A in standby ....................................................................................... 2-10

Warmup period ........................................................................................................................ 2-10

Line frequency configuration ................................................................................................... 2-10

Fuse replacement ................................................................................................................... 2-11

System information ............................................................................................................ 2-11

Menu overview ................................................................................................................... 2-11

Menu navigation ...................................................................................................................... 2-11

Menu trees .............................................................................................................................. 2-13

Setting values .......................................................................................................................... 2-16

Beeper ................................................................................................................................ 2-18

Display mode ..................................................................................................................... 2-19

Basic operation .................................................................................................................. 2-19

Operation overview ................................................................................................................. 2-19

Operation considerations for the ADC ..................................................................................... 2-25

Basic source-measure procedure ........................................................................................... 2-27

Triggering in local mode .......................................................................................................... 2-30

Configuring trigger attributes in local mode ............................................................................. 2-31

Configuring for measure-only tests using the MODE key ........................................................ 2-32

Voltmeter and ammeter measurements .................................................................................. 2-33

Ohms measurements ................................................................ .............................................. 2-34

Power measurements ............................................................................................................. 2-37

Contact check measurements ................................................................................................. 2-40

Saved setups .......................................................................................................................... 2-42

DUT test connections ......................................................................................................... 2-45

Input/output connectors ........................................................................................................... 2-45

2-wire local sensing connections ............................................................................................. 2-47

Table of contents

Table of contents Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual

4-wire remote sensing connections ......................................................................................... 2-48

Contact check connections ..................................................................................................... 2-49

Multiple SMU connections ....................................................................................................... 2-50

Combining SMU outputs ......................................................................................................... 2-51

Guarding and shielding ........................................................................................................... 2-57

Test fixture .............................................................................................................................. 2-62

Floating a SMU ....................................................................................................................... 2-63

DUT connection settings .................................................................................................... 2-64

Sense mode selection ................................................................ ............................................. 2-64

Output-off states ...................................................................................................................... 2-65

USB storage overview ........................................................................................................ 2-69

Connecting the USB flash drive .............................................................................................. 2-70

File system navigation ............................................................................................................. 2-70

Displayed error and status messages ................................................................................ 2-71

Range ................................................................................................................................. 2-71

Available ranges ...................................................................................................................... 2-72

Maximum source values and readings ................................ ................................ .................... 2-72

Measure autodelay .................................................................................................................. 2-73

Ranging limitations .................................................................................................................. 2-73

Manual ranging ....................................................................................................................... 2-73

Autoranging ............................................................................................................................. 2-74

Low range limits ...................................................................................................................... 2-74

Range considerations ............................................................................................................. 2-75

Range programming ............................................................................................................... 2-76

Digits .................................................................................................................................. 2-77

Setting display resolution from the front panel ........................................................................ 2-77

Setting display resolution from a remote interface .................................................................. 2-77

Speed ................................................................................................................................. 2-78

Setting the speed from the front panel .................................................................................... 2-78

Setting the speed using the remote interface .......................................................................... 2-79

Remote communications interfaces ................................................................................... 2-80

Supported remote interfaces ................................................................................................... 2-80

Output queue .......................................................................................................................... 2-81

LAN communications .............................................................................................................. 2-81

GPIB operation ........................................................................................................................ 2-83

General bus commands .......................................................................................................... 2-86

Front-panel GPIB operation .................................................................................................... 2-88

RS-232 interface operation ..................................................................................................... 2-90

Functions and features ............................................................................................ 3-1

Relative offset ...................................................................................................................... 3-1

Enabling and disabling relative offset from the front panel ........................................................ 3-1

Defining a relative offset value from the front panel .................................................................. 3-2

Relative offset commands ......................................................................................................... 3-2

Filters.................................................................................................................................... 3-3

Filter types................................................................................................................................. 3-3

Response time .......................................................................................................................... 3-4

Enabling the filter from the front panel ...................................................................................... 3-4

Configuring the filter from the front panel .................................................................................. 3-5

Setting the filter using a remote interface .................................................................................. 3-5

Reading buffers .................................................................................................................... 3-6

Front-panel reading buffer control ............................................................................................. 3-6

Remote reading buffer programming ...................................................................................... 3-11

Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual Table of contents

Sweep operation ................................................................................................................ 3-21

Sweep characteristics ............................................................................................................. 3-23

Configuring and running sweeps ............................................................................................. 3-31

Sweeping using factory scripts ................................................................................................ 3-33

Sweep programming examples ............................................................................................... 3-34

Triggering ........................................................................................................................... 3-36

Remote triggering overview..................................................................................................... 3-36

Using the remote trigger model ............................................................................................... 3-38

SMU event detectors ............................................................................................................... 3-42

Using trigger events to start actions on trigger objects ............................................................ 3-44

Digital I/O port and TSP-Link synchronization lines ................................................................ 3-45

Timers ..................................................................................................................................... 3-48

Event blenders ........................................................................................................................ 3-57

LAN triggering overview .......................................................................................................... 3-58

Command interface triggering ................................................................................................. 3-60

Manual triggering .................................................................................................................... 3-60

Interactive triggering ................................................................................................................ 3-61

Hardware trigger modes .......................................................................................................... 3-65

Understanding synchronous triggering modes ........................................................................ 3-69

High-capacitance mode ..................................................................................................... 3-73

Understanding high-capacitance mode ................................ ................................ ................... 3-73

Enabling high-capacitance mode ............................................................................................ 3-76

Display operations .............................................................................................................. 3-79

Display functions and attributes .............................................................................................. 3-79

Display features ...................................................................................................................... 3-79

Display messages ................................................................................................................... 3-81

Input prompting ....................................................................................................................... 3-85

Indicators................................................................................................................................. 3-87

Local lockout ................................ ................................ ........................................................... 3-88

Load test menu ....................................................................................................................... 3-88

Running a test from the front panel ......................................................................................... 3-90

Key-press codes ..................................................................................................................... 3-90

Digital I/O ........................................................................................................................... 3-92

Port configuration .................................................................................................................... 3-92

Digital I/O configuration ........................................................................................................... 3-94

Controlling digital I/O lines....................................................................................................... 3-94

Using output enable ................................................................................................................ 3-96

Interlock................................................................................................................................... 3-98

TSP-Link trigger lines ................................................................ .............................................. 3-98

Theory of operation ................................................................................................. 4-1

Analog-to-digital converter ................................................................................................... 4-1

Source-measure concepts ................................................................................................... 4-2

Limit principles .......................................................................................................................... 4-2

Overheating protection .............................................................................................................. 4-3

Operating boundaries ................................................................................................................ 4-5

Basic circuit configurations ...................................................................................................... 4-20

Guard ...................................................................................................................................... 4-24

Cable considerations ............................................................................................................... 4-26

Measurement settling time considerations ......................................................................... 4-27

Programming example for controlling settling time delay ........................................................ 4-28

Effects of load on current source settling time ................................................................... 4-28

Creating pulses with the Model 2651A SMU ..................................................................... 4-29

Table of contents Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual

Pulse rise and fall times .......................................................................................................... 4-29

Pulse width .............................................................................................................................. 4-30

Remote commands .................................................................................................. 5-1

Introduction to TSP operation .............................................................................................. 5-1

Controlling the instrument by sending individual command messages ..................................... 5-1

Queries ..................................................................................................................................... 5-3

Information on scripting and programming ................................................................................ 5-3

About TSP commands ......................................................................................................... 5-4

Beeper control ........................................................................................................................... 5-4

Bit manipulation and logic operations ........................................................................................ 5-4

Data queue................................................................................................................................ 5-5

Digital I/O .................................................................................................................................. 5-5

Display ...................................................................................................................................... 5-6

Error queue ............................................................................................................................... 5-7

Event log ................................................................................................................................... 5-7

File I/O ...................................................................................................................................... 5-7

GPIB ......................................................................................................................................... 5-8

Instrument identification ............................................................................................................ 5-9

LAN and LXI .............................................................................................................................. 5-9

Miscellaneous ......................................................................................................................... 5-10

Parallel script execution .......................................................................................................... 5-11

Queries and response messages ............................................................................................ 5-11

Reading buffer ......................................................................................................................... 5-12

Reset ....................................................................................................................................... 5-12

RS-232 ................................................................ .................................................................... 5-13

Saved setups .......................................................................................................................... 5-13

Scripting .................................................................................................................................. 5-13

SMU ........................................................................................................................................ 5-14

SMU calibration ....................................................................................................................... 5-15

Status model ................................ ................................ ........................................................... 5-16

Time ........................................................................................................................................ 5-17

Triggering ................................................................................................................................ 5-17

TSP-Link ................................................................................................................................. 5-19

TSP-Net .................................................................................................................................. 5-20

Userstrings .............................................................................................................................. 5-20

Factory scripts .................................................................................................................... 5-21

Running a factory script .......................................................................................................... 5-21

Retrieving and modifying a factory script listing ...................................................................... 5-22

KISweep factory script ............................................................................................................ 5-22

KIPulse factory script .............................................................................................................. 5-23

KIHighC factory script ............................................................................................................. 5-24

KIParlib factory script .............................................................................................................. 5-25

KISavebuffer factory script ...................................................................................................... 5-25

Instrument programming ......................................................................................... 6-1

Fundamentals of scripting for TSP ....................................................................................... 6-1

What is a script? ........................................................................................................................ 6-2

Runtime and nonvolatile memory storage of scripts .................................................................. 6-2

What can be included in scripts? ............................................................................................... 6-3

Commands that cannot be used in scripts ................................................................................ 6-3

Manage scripts .......................................................................................................................... 6-3

Working with scripts in nonvolatile memory............................................................................. 6-11

Programming example: Interactive script ................................................................................ 6-13

Fundamentals of programming for TSP ............................................................................. 6-15

What is Lua? ................................ ................................ ........................................................... 6-15

Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual Table of contents

Lua basics ............................................................................................................................... 6-15

Standard libraries .................................................................................................................... 6-30

Script with a for loop ................................................................................................................ 6-34

Test Script Builder .............................................................................................................. 6-34

Installing the TSB software...................................................................................................... 6-35

Using Test Script Builder (TSB) .............................................................................................. 6-35

Project navigator ..................................................................................................................... 6-36

Script editor ............................................................................................................................. 6-37

Outline view............................................................................................................................. 6-37

Programming interaction ......................................................................................................... 6-38

Working with TSB Embedded ............................................................................................ 6-39

Send individual instrument commands with TSB Embedded .................................................. 6-40

Password management ..................................................................................................... 6-41

Setting the password from a command or web interface ........................................................ 6-42

Unlocking the remote interface ................................................................................................ 6-43

Resetting the password ........................................................................................................... 6-43

Advanced scripting for TSP ............................................................................................... 6-44

Global variables and the script.user.scripts table .................................................................... 6-44

Create a script using the script.new() command ..................................................................... 6-45

Rename a script ...................................................................................................................... 6-48

Retrieve a user script .............................................................................................................. 6-50

Delete user scripts from the instrument ................................................................................... 6-52

Restore a script to the runtime environment ........................................................................... 6-53

Memory considerations for the runtime environment .............................................................. 6-53

TSP-Link system expansion interface ................................................................................ 6-55

Master and subordinates ......................................................................................................... 6-55

TSP-Link system ..................................................................................................................... 6-56

TSP-Link nodes ....................................................................................................................... 6-56

Connections ................................................................ ............................................................ 6-57

Initialization ............................................................................................................................. 6-57

Resetting the TSP-Link network .............................................................................................. 6-58

Accessing nodes ..................................................................................................................... 6-59

Using the reset() command ..................................................................................................... 6-60

Using the abort command ....................................................................................................... 6-60

Triggering with TSP-Link ......................................................................................................... 6-60

TSP advanced features ........................................................................................................... 6-61

Using groups to manage nodes on TSP-Link network ............................................................ 6-64

Running simultaneous test scripts ........................................................................................... 6-65

Using the data queue for real-time communication ................................................................. 6-67

Copying test scripts across the TSP-Link network .................................................................. 6-67

Removing stale values from the reading buffer cache ............................................................ 6-67

TSP-Net ............................................................................................................................. 6-68

TSP-Net capabilities ................................................................................................................ 6-68

Using TSP-Net with any ethernet-enabled instrument ............................................................ 6-69

TSP-Net compared to TSP-Link to communicate with TSP-enabled devices ......................... 6-71

TSP-Net instrument commands: General device control ........................................................ 6-71

TSP-Net instrument commands: TSP-enabled device control ................................................ 6-71

Example: Using tspnet commands .......................................................................................... 6-72

TSP command reference ......................................................................................... 7-1

TSP command programming notes ..................................................................................... 7-1

Placeholder text ........................................................................................................................ 7-1

Syntax rules .............................................................................................................................. 7-2

Time and date values ................................................................................................................ 7-2

Remote versus local state ......................................................................................................... 7-3

Table of contents Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual

Using the TSP command reference ..................................................................................... 7-3

Command name and summary table ........................................................................................ 7-4

Command usage ....................................................................................................................... 7-5

Command details ...................................................................................................................... 7-6

Example section ........................................................................................................................ 7-6

Related commands and information .......................................................................................... 7-7

TSP commands .................................................................................................................... 7-7

beeper.beep() ............................................................................................................................ 7-7

beeper.enable ........................................................................................................................... 7-8

bit.bitand() ................................................................................................................................. 7-8

bit.bitor() .................................................................................................................................... 7-9

bit.bitxor() ................................................................................................................................ 7-10

bit.clear() ................................................................................................................................. 7-11

bit.get() .................................................................................................................................... 7-12

bit.getfield() ............................................................................................................................. 7-13

bit.set() .................................................................................................................................... 7-14

bit.setfield().............................................................................................................................. 7-15

bit.test() ................................................................................................................................... 7-16

bit.toggle() ............................................................................................................................... 7-17

bufferVar.appendmode ........................................................................................................... 7-18

bufferVar.basetimestamp ........................................................................................................ 7-19

bufferVar.cachemode .............................................................................................................. 7-20

bufferVar.capacity ................................................................................................................... 7-21

bufferVar.clear() ...................................................................................................................... 7-22

bufferVar.clearcache() ............................................................................................................. 7-22

bufferVar.collectsourcevalues ................................................................................................. 7-23

bufferVar.collecttimestamps .................................................................................................... 7-24

bufferVar.fillcount .................................................................................................................... 7-25

bufferVar.fillmode .................................................................................................................... 7-26

bufferVar.measurefunctions .................................................................................................... 7-27

bufferVar.measureranges ....................................................................................................... 7-28

bufferVar.n .............................................................................................................................. 7-29

bufferVar.readings ................................................................................................................... 7-30

bufferVar.sourcefunctions ....................................................................................................... 7-31

bufferVar.sourceoutputstates ................................................................................................ .. 7-32

bufferVar.sourceranges ........................................................................................................... 7-33

bufferVar.sourcevalues ........................................................................................................... 7-34

bufferVar.statuses ................................................................................................................... 7-35

bufferVar.timestampresolution ................................................................................................ 7-36

bufferVar.timestamps .............................................................................................................. 7-37

ConfigPulseIMeasureV() ......................................................................................................... 7-38

ConfigPulseIMeasureVSweepLin() ......................................................................................... 7-40

ConfigPulseIMeasureVSweepLog() ........................................................................................ 7-42

ConfigPulseVMeasureI() ......................................................................................................... 7-44

ConfigPulseVMeasureISweepLin() ......................................................................................... 7-47

ConfigPulseVMeasureISweepLog() ........................................................................................ 7-49

dataqueue.add() ...................................................................................................................... 7-51

dataqueue.CAPACITY ............................................................................................................ 7-52

dataqueue.clear() .................................................................................................................... 7-53

dataqueue.count ..................................................................................................................... 7-54

dataqueue.next() ..................................................................................................................... 7-55

delay() ..................................................................................................................................... 7-57

digio.readbit() .......................................................................................................................... 7-58

digio.readport() ........................................................................................................................ 7-59

digio.trigger[N].assert() ............................................................................................................ 7-60

digio.trigger[N].clear() .............................................................................................................. 7-60

digio.trigger[N].EVENT_ID ...................................................................................................... 7-61

digio.trigger[N].mode ................................................................................................ ............... 7-62

digio.trigger[N].overrun ............................................................................................................ 7-63

digio.trigger[N].pulsewidth ....................................................................................................... 7-64

Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual Table of contents

digio.trigger[N].release() .......................................................................................................... 7-65

digio.trigger[N].reset() ............................................................................................................. 7-65

digio.trigger[N].stimulus ........................................................................................................... 7-66

digio.trigger[N].wait() ............................................................................................................... 7-68

digio.writebit() .......................................................................................................................... 7-69

digio.writeport() ....................................................................................................................... 7-70

digio.writeprotect ..................................................................................................................... 7-71

display.clear() .......................................................................................................................... 7-71

display.getannunciators() ........................................................................................................ 7-72

display.getcursor() ................................................................................................................... 7-74

display.getlastkey() ................................................................................................................. 7-75

display.gettext() ....................................................................................................................... 7-76

display.inputvalue() ................................................................................................................. 7-78

display.loadmenu.add() ........................................................................................................... 7-79

display.loadmenu.catalog() ..................................................................................................... 7-81

display.loadmenu.delete() ....................................................................................................... 7-82

display.locallockout ................................................................................................................. 7-83

display.menu() ......................................................................................................................... 7-84

display.numpad ....................................................................................................................... 7-85

display.prompt() ...................................................................................................................... 7-85

display.screen ......................................................................................................................... 7-87

display.sendkey() .................................................................................................................... 7-87

display.setcursor() ................................................................................................................... 7-89

display.settext() ....................................................................................................................... 7-90

display.smuX.digits ................................................................................................................. 7-91

display.smuX.limit.func ............................................................................................................ 7-92

display.smuX.measure.func .................................................................................................... 7-93

display.trigger.clear() ............................................................................................................... 7-94

display.trigger.EVENT_ID ....................................................................................................... 7-94

display.trigger.overrun ............................................................................................................. 7-95

display.trigger.wait() ................................................................................................................ 7-95

display.waitkey() ...................................................................................................................... 7-96

errorqueue.clear() ................................................................................................................... 7-98

errorqueue.count ..................................................................................................................... 7-98

errorqueue.next() .................................................................................................................... 7-99

eventlog.all() .......................................................................................................................... 7-100

eventlog.clear() ..................................................................................................................... 7-101

eventlog.count ....................................................................................................................... 7-101

eventlog.enable ..................................................................................................................... 7-102

eventlog.next() ...................................................................................................................... 7-102

eventlog.overwritemethod ..................................................................................................... 7-103

exit() ...................................................................................................................................... 7-104

fileVar:close() ........................................................................................................................ 7-104

fileVar:flush() ......................................................................................................................... 7-105

fileVar:read() ......................................................................................................................... 7-107

fileVar:seek() ......................................................................................................................... 7-108

fileVar:write() ......................................................................................................................... 7-110

format.asciiprecision ............................................................................................................. 7-111

format.byteorder .................................................................................................................... 7-112

format.data ............................................................................................................................ 7-113

fs.chdir() ................................................................................................................................ 7-114

fs.cwd() ................................................................................................................................. 7-115

fs.is_dir() ............................................................................................................................... 7-116

fs.is_file() ............................................................................................................................... 7-117

fs.mkdir() ............................................................................................................................... 7-118

fs.readdir() ............................................................................................................................. 7-119

fs.rmdir() ................................................................................................................................ 7-120

gettimezone() ........................................................................................................................ 7-121

gm_isweep() .......................................................................................................................... 7-122

gm_vsweep() ......................................................................................................................... 7-123

gpib.address .......................................................................................................................... 7-124

Table of contents Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual

i_leakage_measure() ............................................................................................................ 7-125

i_leakage_threshold() ............................................................................................................ 7-126

InitiatePulseTest() ................................................................................................................. 7-128

io.close()................................................................................................................................ 7-129

io.flush() ................................................................................................................................ 7-130

io.input() ................................................................................................................................ 7-131

io.open() ................................................................................................................................ 7-132

io.output() .............................................................................................................................. 7-133

io.read() ................................................................................................................................. 7-134

io.type() ................................................................................................................................. 7-135

io.write() ................................................................................................................................ 7-136

lan.applysettings() ................................................................................................................. 7-138

lan.autoconnect ..................................................................................................................... 7-139

lan.config.dns.address[N] ...................................................................................................... 7-140

lan.config.dns.domain ........................................................................................................... 7-141

lan.config.dns.dynamic .......................................................................................................... 7-142

lan.config.dns.hostname ....................................................................................................... 7-143

lan.config.dns.verify .............................................................................................................. 7-144

lan.config.duplex ................................................................................................................... 7-144

lan.config.gateway ................................................................................................................ 7-145

lan.config.ipaddress .............................................................................................................. 7-146

lan.config.method .................................................................................................................. 7-147

lan.config.speed .................................................................................................................... 7-148

lan.config.subnetmask .......................................................................................................... 7-149

lan.linktimeout ....................................................................................................................... 7-149

lan.lxidomain ................................ ................................ ......................................................... 7-150

lan.nagle................................................................................................................................ 7-151

lan.reset() .............................................................................................................................. 7-151

lan.restoredefaults() .............................................................................................................. 7-152

lan.status.dns.address[N] ...................................................................................................... 7-153

lan.status.dns.name .............................................................................................................. 7-154

lan.status.duplex ................................................................................................................... 7-155

lan.status.gateway ................................................................................................................ 7-155

lan.status.ipaddress .............................................................................................................. 7-156

lan.status.macaddress .......................................................................................................... 7-156

lan.status.port.dst .................................................................................................................. 7-157

lan.status.port.rawsocket ...................................................................................................... 7-157

lan.status.port.telnet .............................................................................................................. 7-158

lan.status.port.vxi11 .............................................................................................................. 7-158

lan.status.speed .................................................................................................................... 7-159

lan.status.subnetmask .......................................................................................................... 7-159

lan.timedwait ................................ ................................ ......................................................... 7-160

lan.trigger[N].assert() ............................................................................................................ 7-161

lan.trigger[N].clear() .............................................................................................................. 7-161

lan.trigger[N].connect() .......................................................................................................... 7-162

lan.trigger[N].connected ........................................................................................................ 7-163

lan.trigger[N].disconnect() ..................................................................................................... 7-164

lan.trigger[N].EVENT_ID ....................................................................................................... 7-164

lan.trigger[N].ipaddress ......................................................................................................... 7-165

lan.trigger[N].mode ................................................................................................................ 7-166

lan.trigger[N].overrun ............................................................................................................ 7-167

lan.trigger[N].protocol ................................................................ ................................ ............ 7-168

lan.trigger[N].pseudostate ..................................................................................................... 7-169

lan.trigger[N].stimulus ........................................................................................................... 7-170

lan.trigger[N].wait() ................................................................................................................ 7-171

localnode.autolinefreq ........................................................................................................... 7-172

localnode.description ............................................................................................................ 7-173

localnode.license ................................................................................................................... 7-174

localnode.linefreq .................................................................................................................. 7-174

localnode.model .................................................................................................................... 7-175

localnode.password .............................................................................................................. 7-175

Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual Table of contents

localnode.passwordmode ..................................................................................................... 7-176

localnode.prompts ................................................................................................................. 7-177

localnode.prompts4882 ......................................................................................................... 7-178

localnode.reset() ................................................................................................................... 7-179

localnode.revision ................................................................................................................. 7-180

localnode.serialno ................................................................................................................. 7-180

localnode.showerrors ............................................................................................................ 7-181

makegetter() .......................................................................................................................... 7-182

makesetter() .......................................................................................................................... 7-183

meminfo() .............................................................................................................................. 7-184

node[N].execute() .................................................................................................................. 7-185

node[N].getglobal() ................................................................................................................ 7-186

node[N].setglobal() ................................................................................................................ 7-187

opc() ................................................................................................ ...................................... 7-188

os.remove() ........................................................................................................................... 7-188

os.rename() ........................................................................................................................... 7-189

os.time() ................................................................................................................................ 7-189

print() ..................................................................................................................................... 7-190

printbuffer()............................................................................................................................ 7-191

printnumber() ......................................................................................................................... 7-192

PulseIMeasureV() ................................................................................................................. 7-193

PulseVMeasureI() ................................................................................................................. 7-194

QueryPulseConfig() ............................................................................................................... 7-195

reset() .................................................................................................................................... 7-197

savebuffer() ........................................................................................................................... 7-198

script.anonymous .................................................................................................................. 7-199

script.delete() ........................................................................................................................ 7-200

script.factory.catalog() ........................................................................................................... 7-200

script.load() ........................................................................................................................... 7-201

script.new()............................................................................................................................ 7-202

script.newautorun() ............................................................................................................... 7-203

script.restore() ....................................................................................................................... 7-204

script.run() ............................................................................................................................. 7-204

script.user.catalog() ............................................................................................................... 7-205

scriptVar.autorun ................................................................................................................... 7-206

scriptVar.list() ........................................................................................................................ 7-207

scriptVar.name ...................................................................................................................... 7-208

scriptVar.run() ....................................................................................................................... 7-209

scriptVar.save() ..................................................................................................................... 7-210

scriptVar.source .................................................................................................................... 7-211

serial.baud............................................................................................................................. 7-212

serial.databits ........................................................................................................................ 7-213

serial.flowcontrol ................................................................................................................... 7-214

serial.parity ............................................................................................................................ 7-215

serial.read() ........................................................................................................................... 7-216

serial.write() ........................................................................................................................... 7-217

settime() ................................................................................................................................ 7-218

settimezone() ........................................................................................................................ 7-219

setup.poweron ....................................................................................................................... 7-220

setup.recall() ......................................................................................................................... 7-221

setup.save() .......................................................................................................................... 7-222

smuX.abort() ......................................................................................................................... 7-223

smua.buffer.getstats() ........................................................................................................... 7-223

smuX.buffer.recalculatestats() ............................................................................................... 7-225

smuX.cal.adjustdate .............................................................................................................. 7-226

smuX.cal.date ....................................................................................................................... 7-227

smuX.cal.due ........................................................................................................................ 7-228

smuX.cal.fastadc() ................................................................................................................ 7-229

smuX.cal.lock() ...................................................................................................................... 7-230

smuX.cal.password ............................................................................................................... 7-231

smuX.cal.polarity ................................................................................................................... 7-232

Table of contents Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual

smuX.cal.restore() ................................................................................................................. 7-233

smuX.cal.save() .................................................................................................................... 7-234

smuX.cal.state ....................................................................................................................... 7-235

smuX.cal.unlock() .................................................................................................................. 7-236

smuX.contact.calibratehi() ..................................................................................................... 7-236

smuX.contact.calibratelo() ..................................................................................................... 7-238

smuX.contact.check() ............................................................................................................ 7-239

smuX.contact.r() .................................................................................................................... 7-240

smuX.contact.speed .............................................................................................................. 7-241

smuX.contact.threshold ......................................................................................................... 7-242

smuX.makebuffer() ................................................................................................................ 7-243

smuX.measure.adc ............................................................................................................... 7-243

smuX.measure.autorangeY................................................................................................... 7-244

smuX.measure.autozero ....................................................................................................... 7-245

smuX.measure.calibrateY() ................................................................................................... 7-246

smuX.measure.count ............................................................................................................ 7-247

smuX.measure.delay ............................................................................................................ 7-248

smuX.measure.delayfactor.................................................................................................... 7-249

smuX.measure.filter.count..................................................................................................... 7-250

smuX.measure.filter.enable................................................................................................... 7-251

smuX.measure.filter.type ...................................................................................................... 7-252

smua.measure.highcrangedelayfactor .................................................................................. 7-253

smuX.measure.interval ......................................................................................................... 7-254

smuX.measure.lowrangeY .................................................................................................... 7-255

smuX.measure.nplc .............................................................................................................. 7-256

smua.measure.overlappedY() ............................................................................................... 7-257

smuX.measure.rangeY ......................................................................................................... 7-258

smua.measure.rel.enableY ................................................................................................... 7-259

smua.measure.rel.levelY ....................................................................................................... 7-260

smuX.measure.Y() ................................................................................................................ 7-261

smuX.measureYandstep()..................................................................................................... 7-262

smuX.nvbufferY ..................................................................................................................... 7-263

smuX.reset() .......................................................................................................................... 7-264

smuX.savebuffer() ................................................................................................................. 7-265

smuX.sense .......................................................................................................................... 7-266

smuX.source.autorangeY ...................................................................................................... 7-267

smuX.source.calibrateY() ...................................................................................................... 7-268

smuX.source.compliance ...................................................................................................... 7-269

smuX.source.delay ................................................................................................................ 7-270

smuX.source.func ................................................................................................................. 7-271

smuX.source.highc ................................................................................................................ 7-271

smuX.source.levelY .............................................................................................................. 7-272

smuX.source.limitY ............................................................................................................... 7-273

smuX.source.lowrangeY ....................................................................................................... 7-274

smuX.source.offfunc ............................................................................................................. 7-275

smuX.source.offlimitY ........................................................................................................... 7-276

smuX.source.offmode ........................................................................................................... 7-277

smuX.source.output .............................................................................................................. 7-278

smuX.source.outputenableaction .......................................................................................... 7-279

smuX.source.rangeY ............................................................................................................. 7-280

smuX.source.settling ................................................................................................ ............. 7-281

smuX.source.sink .................................................................................................................. 7-282

smuX.trigger.arm.count ......................................................................................................... 7-283

smuX.trigger.arm.set() .......................................................................................................... 7-284

smuX.trigger.arm.stimulus..................................................................................................... 7-285

smuX.trigger.ARMED_EVENT_ID ........................................................................................ 7-286

smuX.trigger.autoclear .......................................................................................................... 7-287

smuX.trigger.count ................................................................................................................ 7-287

smuX.trigger.endpulse.action ................................................................................................ 7-289

smuX.trigger.endpulse.set() .................................................................................................. 7-289

smuX.trigger.endpulse.stimulus ............................................................................................ 7-291

Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual Table of contents

smuX.trigger.endsweep.action .............................................................................................. 7-292

smuX.trigger.IDLE_EVENT_ID ............................................................................................. 7-293

smuX.trigger.initiate() ............................................................................................................ 7-294

smuX.trigger.measure.action ................................................................................................ 7-295

smuX.trigger.measure.set() ................................................................................................... 7-296

smua.trigger.measure.stimulus ............................................................................................. 7-297

smuX.trigger.measure.Y() ..................................................................................................... 7-298

smuX.trigger.MEASURE_COMPLETE_EVENT_ID .............................................................. 7-299

smuX.trigger.PULSE_COMPLETE_EVENT_ID .................................................................... 7-299

smuX.trigger.source.action.................................................................................................... 7-300

smuX.trigger.source.limitY .................................................................................................... 7-301

smuX.trigger.source.linearY() ................................................................................................ 7-302

smuX.trigger.source.listY() .................................................................................................... 7-303

smuX.trigger.source.logY().................................................................................................... 7-304

smuX.trigger.source.set() ...................................................................................................... 7-306

smuX.trigger.source.stimulus ................................................................................................ 7-307

smuX.trigger.SOURCE_COMPLETE_EVENT_ID ................................................................ 7-308

smuX.trigger.SWEEP_COMPLETE_EVENT_ID ................................................................... 7-309

smua.trigger.SWEEPING_EVENT_ID .................................................................................. 7-309

status.condition ..................................................................................................................... 7-311

status.measurement.* ........................................................................................................... 7-313

status.measurement.buffer_available.* ................................................................................. 7-315

status.measurement.current_limit.* ....................................................................................... 7-317

status.measurement.instrument.* .......................................................................................... 7-318

status.measurement.instrument.smuX.* ............................................................................... 7-319

status.measurement.reading_overflow.* ............................................................................... 7-321

status.measurement.sink_limit.* ............................................................................................ 7-323

status.measurement.voltage_limit.* ...................................................................................... 7-324

status.node_enable ............................................................................................................... 7-325

status.node_event ................................................................................................................. 7-327

status.operation.* .................................................................................................................. 7-329

status.operation.calibrating.* ................................................................................................. 7-332

status.operation.instrument.*................................................................................................. 7-333

status.operation.instrument.digio.* ........................................................................................ 7-335

status.operation.instrument.digio.trigger_overrun.* ............................................................... 7-337

status.operation.instrument.lan.* ........................................................................................... 7-339

status.operation.instrument.lan.trigger_overrun.* .................................................................. 7-341

status.operation.instrument.smuX.* ...................................................................................... 7-343

status.operation.instrument.smuX.trigger_overrrun.* ............................................................ 7-345

status.operation.instrument.trigger_blender.*........................................................................ 7-347

status.operation.instrument.trigger_blender.trigger_overrun.* .............................................. 7-349

status.operation.instrument.trigger_timer.* ........................................................................... 7-351

status.operation.instrument.trigger_timer.trigger_overrun.* .................................................. 7-352

status.operation.instrument.tsplink.* ..................................................................................... 7-354

status.operation.instrument.tsplink.trigger_overrun.* ............................................................ 7-356

status.operation.measuring.*................................................................................................. 7-358

status.operation.remote.* ...................................................................................................... 7-359

status.operation.sweeping.* .................................................................................................. 7-361

status.operation.trigger_overrun.* ......................................................................................... 7-362

status.operation.user.* .......................................................................................................... 7-365

status.questionable.* ............................................................................................................. 7-367

status.questionable.calibration.* ............................................................................................ 7-369

status.questionable.instrument.* ........................................................................................... 7-370

status.questionable.instrument.smuX.* ................................................................................. 7-371

status.questionable.over_temperature.* ................................................................................ 7-373

status.questionable.unstable_output.* .................................................................................. 7-375

status.request_enable ................................................................ ................................ ........... 7-376

status.request_event ............................................................................................................. 7-378

status.reset() ................................ ................................ ......................................................... 7-380

status.standard.* ................................................................................................................... 7-381

status.system.* ...................................................................................................................... 7-383

Table of contents Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual

status.system2.* .................................................................................................................... 7-385

status.system3.* .................................................................................................................... 7-388

status.system4.* .................................................................................................................... 7-390

status.system5.* .................................................................................................................... 7-392

SweepILinMeasureV() ........................................................................................................... 7-394

SweepIListMeasureV() .......................................................................................................... 7-395

SweepILogMeasureV() ......................................................................................................... 7-396

SweepVLinMeasureI() ........................................................................................................... 7-398

SweepVListMeasureI() .......................................................................................................... 7-399

SweepVLogMeasureI() ......................................................................................................... 7-400

timer.measure.t() ................................................................................................................... 7-402

timer.reset() ........................................................................................................................... 7-403

trigger.blender[N].clear() ....................................................................................................... 7-403

trigger.blender[N].EVENT_ID ................................................................................................ 7-404

trigger.blender[N].orenable.................................................................................................... 7-405

trigger.blender[N].overrun ..................................................................................................... 7-406

trigger.blender[N].reset() ....................................................................................................... 7-407

trigger.blender[N].stimulus[M] ............................................................................................... 7-407

trigger.blender[N].wait() ......................................................................................................... 7-409

trigger.clear() ......................................................................................................................... 7-410

trigger.EVENT_ID ................................................................................................................. 7-410

trigger.timer[N].clear() ........................................................................................................... 7-411

trigger.timer[N].count ............................................................................................................. 7-412

trigger.timer[N].delay ............................................................................................................. 7-412

trigger.timer[N].delaylist ........................................................................................................ 7-413

trigger.timer[N].EVENT_ID .................................................................................................... 7-414

trigger.timer[N].overrun ......................................................................................................... 7-415

trigger.timer[N].passthrough .................................................................................................. 7-416

trigger.timer[N].reset() ........................................................................................................... 7-417

trigger.timer[N].stimulus ........................................................................................................ 7-418

trigger.timer[N].wait() ............................................................................................................. 7-419

trigger.wait() ................................ ................................ .......................................................... 7-420

tsplink.group .......................................................................................................................... 7-421

tsplink.master ........................................................................................................................ 7-422

tsplink.node ........................................................................................................................... 7-423

tsplink.readbit() ...................................................................................................................... 7-424

tsplink.readport() ................................................................................................................... 7-425

tsplink.reset() ......................................................................................................................... 7-426

tsplink.state ........................................................................................................................... 7-427

tsplink.trigger[N].assert() ....................................................................................................... 7-428

tsplink.trigger[N].clear() ......................................................................................................... 7-429

tsplink.trigger[N].EVENT_ID .................................................................................................. 7-430

tsplink.trigger[N].mode .......................................................................................................... 7-431

tsplink.trigger[N].overrun ....................................................................................................... 7-433

tsplink.trigger[N].pulsewidth .................................................................................................. 7-434

tsplink.trigger[N].release() ..................................................................................................... 7-435

tsplink.trigger[N].reset() ......................................................................................................... 7-436

tsplink.trigger[N].stimulus ...................................................................................................... 7-437

tsplink.trigger[N].wait() .......................................................................................................... 7-438

tsplink.writebit() ..................................................................................................................... 7-439

tsplink.writeport() ................................................................................................................... 7-440

tsplink.writeprotect ................................................................................................................ 7-441

tspnet.clear() ................................ ................................ ......................................................... 7-442

tspnet.connect() .................................................................................................................... 7-443

tspnet.disconnect() ................................................................................................................ 7-444

tspnet.execute() .................................................................................................................... 7-445

tspnet.idn() ............................................................................................................................ 7-446

tspnet.read() .......................................................................................................................... 7-447

tspnet.readavailable() ............................................................................................................ 7-448

tspnet.reset() ......................................................................................................................... 7-449

tspnet.termination() ............................................................................................................... 7-449

Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual Table of contents

tspnet.timeout ........................................................................................................................ 7-450

tspnet.tsp.abort() ................................................................................................................... 7-451

tspnet.tsp.abortonconnect ..................................................................................................... 7-452

tspnet.tsp.rbtablecopy() ......................................................................................................... 7-453

tspnet.tsp.runscript() ............................................................................................................. 7-454

tspnet.write() ......................................................................................................................... 7-455

userstring.add() ..................................................................................................................... 7-456

userstring.catalog() ............................................................................................................... 7-457

userstring.delete() ................................................................................................................. 7-458

userstring.get() ...................................................................................................................... 7-458

waitcomplete() ....................................................................................................................... 7-459

Troubleshooting guide ............................................................................................ 8-1

Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8-1

Error levels ........................................................................................................................... 8-1

Effects of errors on scripts ................................................................................................... 8-2

Retrieving errors ................................................................................................................... 8-2

Error summary list ................................................................................................................ 8-3

LAN troubleshooting suggestions ........................................................................................ 8-8

Frequently asked questions .................................................................................... 9-1

How do I display the instrument's serial number? ............................................................... 9-1

How do I optimize performance? ......................................................................................... 9-2

Disabling autozero to increase speed ....................................................................................... 9-2

How do I upgrade the firmware? .......................................................................................... 9-2

How do I use the digital I/O port? ......................................................................................... 9-3

How do I trigger other instruments? ..................................................................................... 9-3

Triggering a scanner ................................................................................................................. 9-3

Interactive trigger programming ................................................................................................ 9-4

More information about triggering ............................................................................................. 9-4

How do I generate a GPIB service request?........................................................................ 9-4

Setting up a service request ...................................................................................................... 9-4

Service request programming example ..................................................................................... 9-5

Polling for SRQs ........................................................................................................................ 9-5

How do I store measurements in nonvolatile memory? ....................................................... 9-5

When should I change the output-off state? ........................................................................ 9-6

How do I make contact check measurements? ................................................................... 9-6

How do I make low-current measurements? ....................................................................... 9-7

Low-current connections ........................................................................................................... 9-7

Low-current measurement programming example .................................................................... 9-9

How can I change the line frequency or voltage? ................................................................ 9-9

Where can I get the LabVIEW driver? ................................................................................. 9-9

What should I do if I get an 802 interlock error? ................................................................ 9-10

Why is the reading value 9.91e37? .................................................................................... 9-10

Table of contents Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual

Next steps ............................................................................................................... 10-1

Additional Model 2651A information .................................................................................. 10-1

Maintenance ........................................................................................................... 11-1

Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 11-1

Line fuse replacement ........................................................................................................ 11-1

Front-panel tests ................................................................................................................ 11-2

Keys test ................................................................................................................................. 11-2

Display patterns test ................................................................................................................ 11-3

Upgrading the firmware ...................................................................................................... 11-4

Using TSB to upgrade the firmware ........................................................................................ 11-5

Calibration .............................................................................................................. 12-1

Verification ......................................................................................................................... 12-1

Calibration test requirements .................................................................................................. 12-2

Restoring factory defaults........................................................................................................ 12-4

Performing the calibration test procedures .............................................................................. 12-5

Current source accuracy ......................................................................................................... 12-7

Current measurement accuracy .............................................................................................. 12-9

-45 A high speed ADC pulse verification script ..................................................................... 12-11

Voltage source accuracy ....................................................................................................... 12-13

Voltage measurement accuracy ............................................................................................ 12-14

Adjustment ....................................................................................................................... 12-16

Environmental conditions ...................................................................................................... 12-16

Adjustment considerations .................................................................................................... 12-17

Calibration adjustment overview ........................................................................................... 12-19

Calibration commands quick reference ................................................................................. 12-21

Adjustment procedure ........................................................................................................... 12-22

LAN concepts and settings ................................................................................... 13-1

Overview ............................................................................................................................ 13-1

Establishing a point-to-point connection ............................................................................ 13-1

Step 1: Identify and record the existing IP configuration ......................................................... 13-2

Step 2: Disable DHCP to use the existing computer IP address ............................................. 13-3

Step 3: Configure the LAN settings of the instrument ............................................................. 13-4

Step 4: Install the crossover cable .......................................................................................... 13-5

Step 5: Access the web interface of the instrument ................................................................ 13-6

Connecting to the LAN ....................................................................................................... 13-6

Setting the LAN configuration method ..................................................................................... 13-7

Setting the IP address ................................................................ ................................ ............. 13-7

Setting the gateway ................................................................................................................. 13-8

Setting the subnet mask .......................................................................................................... 13-8

Configuring the domain name system (DNS) .......................................................................... 13-8

LAN speeds ........................................................................................................................ 13-9

Duplex mode .................................................................................................................... 13-10

Viewing LAN status messages ........................................................................................ 13-10

Viewing the network settings ........................................................................................... 13-11

Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual Table of contents

Confirming the active speed and duplex negotiation ............................................................. 13-12

Confirming port numbers ....................................................................................................... 13-12

Selecting a LAN interface protocol ................................................................................... 13-13

VXI-11 connection ................................................................................................................. 13-13

Raw socket connection ......................................................................................................... 13-13

Dead socket connection ........................................................................................................ 13-14

Telnet connection .................................................................................................................. 13-14

Logging LAN trigger events in the event log .................................................................... 13-17

Accessing the event log from the command interface ........................................................... 13-19

Common commands .............................................................................................. 14-1

Common command summary ............................................................................................ 14-1

Script command equivalents .............................................................................................. 14-3

Command reference .......................................................................................................... 14-3

Identification query: *IDN?....................................................................................................... 14-3

Operation complete and query: *OPC and *OPC? .................................................................. 14-4

Reset: *RST ................................................................ ............................................................ 14-4

Self-test query: *TST? ............................................................................................................. 14-4

Trigger: *TRG .......................................................................................................................... 14-4

Wait-to-continue: *WAI ................................................................ ............................................ 14-5

General bus commands ..................................................................................................... 14-5

REN ........................................................................................................................................ 14-5

IFC .......................................................................................................................................... 14-6

LLO ......................................................................................................................................... 14-6

GTL ......................................................................................................................................... 14-6

DCL ......................................................................................................................................... 14-6

SDC ........................................................................................................................................ 14-7

GET ......................................................................................................................................... 14-7

SPE, SPD................................................................................................................................ 14-7

Status model .......................................................................................................... 15-1

Overview ............................................................................................................................ 15-1

Status register set contents ..................................................................................................... 15-1

Queues ................................................................................................................................... 15-2

Status function summary ......................................................................................................... 15-4

Status model diagrams ........................................................................................................... 15-5

Clearing registers ............................................................................................................. 15-13

Programming and reading registers ................................................................................. 15-13

Programming enable and transition registers ........................................................................ 15-14

Reading registers .................................................................................................................. 15-14

Status byte and service request (SRQ) ........................................................................... 15-15

Status Byte Register ............................................................................................................. 15-15

Service Request Enable Register ......................................................................................... 15-17

Serial polling and SRQ .......................................................................................................... 15-18

SPE, SPD (serial polling) ...................................................................................................... 15-18

Status byte and service request commands.......................................................................... 15-19

Enable and transition registers .............................................................................................. 15-19

Controlling node and SRQ enable registers .......................................................................... 15-19

Status register sets .......................................................................................................... 15-20

System Summary Registers .................................................................................................. 15-20

Standard Event Register ....................................................................................................... 15-21

Operation Status Registers ................................................................................................... 15-23

Table of contents Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual

Questionable Status Registers .............................................................................................. 15-24

Measurement Event Registers .............................................................................................. 15-24

Register programming example ............................................................................................ 15-26

TSP-Link system status ................................................................................................... 15-26

Status model configuration example ..................................................................................... 15-26

Display character codes ........................................................................................ 16-1

Model 2651A display character codes ............................................................................... 16-1

In this section:

Welcome .................................................................................. 1-1

Extended warranty ................................................................... 1-1

Contact information .................................................................. 1-1

Customer documentation ......................................................... 1-2

Capabilities and features .......................................................... 1-3

Model-specific capabilities........................................................ 1-4

General information .................................................................. 1-4

Welcome

Thank you for choosing a Keithley Instruments product. The Model 2651A High Power System
SourceMeter® Instrument provides manufacturers of electronic components and semiconductor
devices with an instrument that combines source and measurement capabilities in a single instrument
called a source-measure unit (also called a SMU). This combination simplifies test processes by
eliminating synchronization and connection issues associated with multiple instrument solutions.
A Model 2651A provides a scalable, high throughput, highly cost-effective solution for precision dc,
pulse, and low frequency ac source-measure testing that also maintains code compatibility with the
Series 2600B instruments.

Extended warranty

Additional years of warranty coverage are available on many products. These valuable contracts
protect you from unbudgeted service expenses and provide additional years of protection at a fraction
of the price of a repair. Extended warranties are available on new and existing products. Contact your
local Keithley Instruments office, sales partner, or distributor for details.

Contact information

If you have any questions after you review the information in this documentation, please contact your
local Keithley Instruments office, sales partner, or distributor. You can also call the Tektronix
corporate headquarters (toll-free inside the U.S. and Canada only) at 1-800-833-9200. For worldwide
contact numbers, visit tek.com/contact-us.

Section 1

Introduction

Section 1: Introduction Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual

1-2 2651A-901-01 Rev. C October 2021

Customer documentation

The documentation for the Model 2651A includes a Quick Start Guide, User's Manual, and Reference
Manual. The Model 2651A Quick Start Guide is provided as a hard copy with the instrument. You can
also access it from tek.com/keithley as an Adobe Acrobat PDF file.

Quick Start Guide: Provides unpacking instructions, describes basic connections, and reviews basic
operation information. If you are new to Keithley Instruments equipment, refer to the Quick Start
Guide to take the steps needed to unpack, set up, and verify operation.

User's Manual: Provides detailed applications to help you achieve success with your Model 2651A. It
provides information about the front panel to familiarize you with the instrument. It also presents an
overview of each application, followed by instructions to complete the application using the front panel
and TSP code.

Reference Manual: Includes advanced operation topics and maintenance information. Programmers
looking for a command reference and users looking for an in-depth description of the way the
instrument works (including troubleshooting and optimization) should refer to the Reference Manual.

Organization of manual sections

The information in this manual is organized into the following major categories:

• General operation: Describes the components of the instrument and basic operation.

• Functions and features: Describes features and functions, such as relative offset, filters,

reading buffers, triggering, the digital I/O port, and TSP-Link trigger lines.

• Theory of operation: Describes the internal circuitry and software of the Model 2651A in detail.

• Remote commands: Describes the basics of using remote commands to control the instrument,

including descriptions of the factory scripts.

• Instrument programming: Describes how to control the instrument using TSP, TSB and TSB

Embedded, TSP-Link system expansion, and TSP-Net.

• Command reference: Programming notes and an alphabetical listing of all commands available

for the Model 2651A.

• Troubleshooting guide: Description of the error queue and basic LAN troubleshooting.

• Frequently asked questions (FAQs): Information that addresses commonly asked questions.

• Next steps: Contains sources of additional information.

• Maintenance: Information on instrument maintenance, including line fuse replacement and

firmware upgrades.

• Calibration: How to verify and adjust the Model 2651A.

• LAN concepts and settings: How to set up the Model 2651A for use on a local area network.

Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual Section 1: Introduction

2651A-901-01 Rev. C October 2021 1-3

• Common commands: Descriptions of IEEE Std. 488.2 common commands.

• Status model: Description of the Model 2651A status model.

• Display character codes: Listing of the decimal values for the display character codes and their

corresponding displays.

Capabilities and features

Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instruments have the following features:

• Resistance and power measurement functions

• Four-quadrant sink or source operation

• Contact check function

• High-capacitance mode for load impedance up to 50 µF (microfarads)

• Linear, logarithmic, and custom sweeping and pulsing

• Filtering to reduce reading noise

• High-speed sampling fast analog-to-digital converter (ADC); the fast ADC uses a hardware buffer

that can store up to 5,000 readings in a single measure action

• A trigger model that supports extensive triggering and synchronization schemes at hardware

speeds

• Internal memory that stores five user setup options

• Dedicated reading buffers that can each store and recall over 140,000 measurements; additional

dynamic reading buffers can be created

• USB flash drive access for saving data buffers, test scripts, and user setups

• Digital I/O port that allows the Model 2651A to control other devices

• Compatible with Keithley IVy, a wireless I-V characterization tool

• LXI

®

• Embedded TSP scripting engine that is accessible from any host interface; responds to

high-speed test scripts comprised of instrument control commands

• TSP-Link

®

expansion bus that allows TSP-enabled instruments to trigger and communicate with
each other; advanced Test Script Processor (TSP®) scripting engine features enable parallel
script execution across the TSP-Link network

• Supports IEEE-488 (GPIB), RS-232, and ethernet local area network (LAN) connections

Section 1: Introduction Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual

1-4 2651A-901-01 Rev. C October 2021

Model-specific capabilities

Additional source and measure features:

• Source ± dc voltage from 1 mV to 40.4 V

• Source ± dc current from 10 pA to 20.2 A

• Source ± pulse current up to 50 A

• Measure ± pulse current up to 50 A

• Measure ± dc voltage from 1 mV to 40.4 V

• Measure ± dc current from 10 pA to 20.2 A

General information

Displaying the serial number

The instrument serial number is on a label on the rear panel of the instrument. You can also access
the serial number from the front panel using the front-panel keys and menus.

To display the serial number on the front panel:

1. If the Model 2651A is in remote operation, press the EXIT (LOCAL) key once to place the
instrument in local operation.

2. Press the MENU key.

3. Use the navigation wheel to scroll to the SYSTEM-INFO menu item.

4. Press the ENTER key. The SYSTEM INFORMATION menu is displayed.

5. Scroll to the SERIAL# menu item.

6. Press the ENTER key. The Model 2651A serial number is displayed.

In this section:

General ratings ......................................................................... 2-1

Controls, indicators, and connectors ........................................ 2-2

Cooling vents ........................................................................... 2-8

Starting up your instrument ...................................................... 2-9

System information ................................................................ 2-11

Menu overview ....................................................................... 2-11

Beeper ................................................................................... 2-18

Display mode ......................................................................... 2-19

Basic operation ...................................................................... 2-19

DUT test connections ................................ ............................. 2-45

DUT connection settings ........................................................ 2-64

USB storage overview ............................................................ 2-69

Displayed error and status messages .................................... 2-71

Range .................................................................................... 2-71

Digits ...................................................................................... 2-77

Speed ..................................................................................... 2-78

Remote communications interfaces ....................................... 2-80

General ratings

The Model 2651A instrument's general ratings and connections are listed in the following table.

Category

Specification

Supply voltage range

100 Vac to 240 Vac, 50 Hz or 60 Hz, 550 VA maximum

Input and output connections

See Rear panel (on page 2-6)

Environmental conditions

For indoor use only:

Altitude: Maximum 2000 meters (6562 feet) above sea level
Operating: 0 °C to 50 °C, 70% relative humidity up to 35 °C. Derate 3%

relative humidity/°C, 35 °C to 50 °C
Storage: −25 °C to 65 °C

Section 2

General operation

Section 2: General operation Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual

2-2 2651A-901-01 Rev. C October 2021

Controls, indicators, and connectors

Model 2651A controls, indicators, and the USB port are on the front panel (on page 2-2). Make
connections to the Model 2651A through connectors on the rear panel (on page 2-6).

Front panel

The front panel of the Model 2651A is shown below. The descriptions of the front-panel controls, USB
port, and indicators follow the figure.

Figure 1: Front panel Model 2651A

1. Power switch, display and configuration keys

Power switch. The in position turns the Model 2651A on (I); the out position turns it off
(O).
Toggles between the source-measure display and the user message display.

Configures a function or operation.

Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual Section 2: General operation

2651A-901-01 Rev. C October 2021 2-3

2. SMU setup, performance control, special operation, and numbers

SMU (source-measure unit) setup
SRC

Selects the source function (voltage or current) and places the cursor in the source field
for editing.

MEAS

Cycles through measure functions (voltage, current, resistance, or power).

LIMIT

Places the cursor in the compliance limit field for editing. Also selects the limit value to
edit (voltage, current, or power).

MODE

Selects a meter mode (I-METER, V-METER, OHM-METER, or WATT-METER).

Performance control
DIGITS

Sets the display resolution (4½, 5½, or 6½ digits).

SPEED

Sets the measurement speed (FAST, MEDium, NORMAL, HI-ACCURACY, or OTHER).
Setting the speed selects either the fast or integrating A/D converter. When FAST is
selected, the fast A/D converter is used; any other selection (MEDium, NORMAL,
HI-ACCURACY, or OTHER) selects the integrating A/D converter. When the integrating
A/D converter is selected, the measurement speed and accuracy are set by controlling
the measurement aperture. Also see Speed (on page 2-78).

REL

Controls relative measurements, which allows a baseline value to be subtracted from a
reading.

FILTER

Enables or disables the digital filter. You can use this filter to reduce reading noise.

Special operation

LOAD

Loads a test for execution (FACTORY, USER, or SCRIPTS).

RUN

Runs the last selected factory or user-defined test.

STORE

Accesses reading buffers and makes readings:

▪ TAKE_READINGS: Use to make readings and store them in a reading buffer.
▪ SAVE: Use to save a reading buffer to nonvolatile memory or to a user-installed

flash drive (USB1) in CSV or XML format.

Readings can include measurements, source values, and timestamp values.

RECALL

Recalls information (DATA or STATISTICS) stored in a reading buffer:

▪ DATA: Includes stored readings, and if configured, source values and timestamp

values.

▪ STATISTICS: Includes MEAN, STD DEV, SAMPLE SIZE, MINIMUM,

MAXIMUM, PK-PK.

TRIG

Triggers readings.

MENU

Accesses the main menu (on page 2-13). You can use the main menu to configure
many functions and features.

Section 2: General operation Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual

2-4 2651A-901-01 Rev. C October 2021

EXIT

Cancels the selection and returns to the previous menu or display. Also used as a
LOCAL key to take the instrument out of remote operation.

ENTER

Accepts the selection and moves to the next choice or exits the menu.

Numbers

Number keys

When enabled and in EDIT mode, the number keys (0 to 9, +/-, 0000) allow direct
numeric entry. Press the navigation wheel to enter EDIT mode. For more information,
see Setting a value (on page 2-16).

3. Range keys

Selects the next higher source or measure range.

Enables or disables source or measure autorange.

Selects the next lower source or measure range.

In addition to selecting range functions, the up and down range keys change the format
for numbers that are not ranges, such as the limit value.

4. Cursor keys

Use the CURSOR keys to move the cursor left or right. When the cursor is on the
source or compliance value digit, press the navigation wheel to enter edit mode, and
turn the navigation wheel to edit the value. Press the navigation wheel again when you
finish editing.
Use the CURSOR keys or the navigation wheel to move through menu items. To view a
menu value, use the CURSOR keys for cursor control, and then press the navigation
wheel to view the value or submenu item.

Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual Section 2: General operation

2651A-901-01 Rev. C October 2021 2-5

5. Navigation wheel

Turn the navigation wheel to:

▪ Move the cursor to the left and the right (the cursor indicates the selected value

or item)

▪ While in edit mode, increase or decrease a selected source or compliance value

Push the navigation wheel to:

▪ Enable or disable edit mode for the selected source or compliance value
▪ Open menus and submenu items
▪ Select a menu option or a value

6. Output control

Turns the source output on or off. The source output is on when this switch is
illuminated (blue).

7. USB port

Use the USB port to connect a USB flash drive to the instrument. You can use the USB flash drive
to store reading buffer data, scripts, and user setups. You can also use it to upgrade the firmware.