obligation under this warranty is to repair or
replace any instrument or part thereof (except
tubes and batteries) which, within a year after
shipment, proves defective upon examination.
To exercise this warranty, contact your Keithley
field engineering representative. You will be
given assistance and shipping instructions.
REPAIRS AND RECALIBRATION
Keithley Instruments and its international dis-
tributors maintain complete repair facilities.
To insure prompt repair or recalibration service,
please contact your Keithley field representative
before returning the instrument.
Estimates for repairs, normal recalibrations,
and
calibrations traceable to the National Bureau of
Standards are available upon request.
MODEL 150A
CONTEXTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
section Page
INTRODUCTION. . . 1-l D. Zero Suppression. . . . . .
I.
II.
III.
IV.
SPECIFICATIONS .
OPERATION . . 3-l
Operating Controls.
A.
Preliminary Set-up. 3-l
B.
General Precautions
C.
D.
Measuring Voltages. 3-3
Measuring Current . 3-3
E.
Other Applications. 3-3
F.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
2-l
3-l
3-2
4-l
Section
Other Controls. . . . . 4-2
E.
Power Supply. . . . . . .
F.
MAINTENANCE. . . . . .
V.
Trouble-Shooting. . . . 5-l
Excessive Output Noise. . 5-l
Output Not Zero . 5-2
220-Volt Operation. . . 5-2
VI. REPLACEABLE PARTS . . . .
Models 150A,
150AR Replaceable
Parts List . . . .
Input Circuit , . .
A.
AC Amplifier. . .
B.
DC Amplifier. . . .
C.
4-l
4-l
4-l
Model 1501 Replaceable Parts
List............
Model 1502 Replaceable Parts
List............
Voltage Resistance Chart. . 6-9
Schematic Diagram 12188D.
Page
4-2
4-2
5-l
6-1
6-2
6-7
6-7
6-11
9~ Change Notice
* Yellow Change Notice sheet is included only for instrument modifications
affecting the Instruction Manual.
0764R
i
MODEL 150A
1NTR0lxlc!rI0n
SECTION I
- INTRODUCTION
The Model 150A Microvolt-Ammeter is a stable, versatile instrument
for measuring extremely low level DC signals. It functions as a
voltmeter from one microvolt to one volt full scale, and as an
ammeter from one milliampere to one hundred micro-microamperes
full scale.
It also operates as a DC amplifier with gains up to
ten million for driving recorders.
The very low noise level of the Model 150A, together with its long
term stability make it ideal for many measurements requiring extreme power sensitivity.
Typical applications include measuring the output from strain gages,
thermopiles, thermocouples, bolometers, phototubes, ionization chambers,
scintillation counters, and barrier layer cells. Other apnlications
are found in cell studies, measurement of electrochemical potentials,
electrolytic corrosion studies, molecular weight analysis and Hall
effect studies.
In addition to its use as a direct indicator of minute potentials
and currents, the Model 150A may also be used as a null detector in
Wheatstone or Mueller bridges,
or with an external voltage source as
a meg-megohmmeter.
An important feature of the instrument is zero supnression up to
100 times full scale,
in place of the usual more limited meter zero.
This permits measurements of small signals in the presence of large
thermal EMF's or other masking DC signals.
l-l
MDLRL 15OA
SPECIFICATIONS
SECTION II -
SPECIFICATIONS
VOLllvIETw sF%xxlxcATIoRS
RANCE.:
Thirteen overlapping ranges in lx and p steps from one micrcvolt
to one volt full scale on a zero-center meter.
ZERO AccuRAcy: 2% of full scale on all ranges.
STABILITY:
After one hour,
+O.lmicrovolt +2 x 1O-5 R microvolt drift per
day, where R is the source resistance in ohms.
NOISE:
nlicmvo1t m3). At various
With the input shorted, less than 0.03 microvolt peak-to-peak (0.006
cmrce
r&sistances, she noise peak-to-peak in
microvolts is given by E = 6.5 x lo- (R + ZOoO)~, since the Input resistance is added to R, the source resistance.
INFUT RHISTANCE:
Tabulated below; if input shunting resistors are requested,
the Input resistance is loo kilohms on MICROVOLT ranges and one megohm on
MILLIVOIiT rages.
maximum murce resistancea specified on the l- and 3microvolt ranges also hold with shunting input resistors.
RAliOE
Input Resistance
Max. Source Resistance
lmicrovolt
3 micrcvolts
10 microvolts
30 micrcvolts
loo microvolts and
1 megohm
3 megohms
10 megohms
30 megohms
90 megohms
10 kilohms
30Mlom
100 kilohms
300 kilohms
1 megohm
above
RESPONSE SPEE!D (1% to VC$ of final value):
With maximum specified source resistance,
except the l-microvolt range,
where it is within two seconds.
Depends on ~0urc.e resistance.
less than one second on all ranges
With source resistance less than l@ of the maximum, response is within 0.5
second, except on the l-microvolt range, where It is within one second.
VOLTAOE ZERO SUPPRE!SS: Ranges of lo, 100, loo0 and 10,OoO micmvoltS; and
0.1, 1, 10 and loo millivolts, corresponding to the MICROVOLTS and MILLIVOLlB
positions on the FUNCTION switch.
Accuracy of the buckout ranges Is about
2% and stability is such that 100 times full scale may be suppressed.
RANLIES:
ampere (10'
Fi
een overlapping rangee in IX and p steps from 0.1
in
smpere) to loo0 microamperes (10'3 ampere) on a zero-center
SIIIJA-~~C~-
meter.
STABILTPY: After one hour', 22 x lO-ll ampere per day.
0763
2-l
sPFCLF1cATI0NS
MODEL 15OA
NOISE:
Less than 2 x 10-12
ampere peak-to-peak.
ACCURACY: Within 3% of full scale on all ranges.
VOLTAGE DROP:
100 microvolts on the MILLI-MICRO
AlmZRES ranges, one millivolt
on the MICROAMFERES ranges.
INFVT RESISTANCE: On the MICRCAMPERES
ranges the input resistance is equal
to 10-3 divided bx&the range in amperes. On the MILLI-MICROAMPERES ranges
it is equal. to 10
RESPONSE SPEED:
divided by the range in amperes.
One second maximum, except on the 0.1~milli-microampere
range, where it Is two seconds maximum.
CURRENT ZERO swpREss:
Up to 100 full scales on any range. Accuracy and
stability are the same as for the voltage zero suppress.
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
ouTHl* +
-I.0 volts at five milliemper s for full-scale deflection on any range.
Gain of dc amplifier is from 10 to lG 7 .
OUTPUT RmT.sTANcE:
60 CFS REJ-EZTION:
Less than 10 dms within the emplifierpassbend.
Greater than
50:
1.
-LNHJl! ISOLATION:
Neg8tiVe
volts with respect to the case.
terminal may be grounded or floating up to +&JO
A link is provided for grounding the negative
terminal to the case.
CONNECTORS: Input: Special receptacle.
Rear Output: Amphenol 8GPC2F
Front Output (Model15OAR): Binding posts.
'IUBE COMPLEMENT: TWO
one 6~~6, one
TOWER:
Lo5-125
6084.
v0lt.s OP
~~86,
210-250
one 0~2, one l2~T'7, two 12~x7, one 12&A, one 5651,
Mlts,
special order.
AccEssoRIEs SUPPLIED:
Model 1501 Low Thensal Test Leads; a length of low-
U.-l/6 inches high x 7$ inches wide x ,13* inches deep.
7 inches high x 19 inches wide x 13 inches deep.
20
pounds.
22
pounds.
receptacle.
50
watts, 60 CPS.
50-CPS
models on
2-2
0763~
I&XIEL 15OA
OFTRAl'ION
A. o- c0mR0J.s
The controls of the Modell5OA exe simple and conveniently placed.
Their functions are as follows:
ON switch is located to the right of the panel meter.
l?UICTION stitch selects the fkuction which is to be used: MILLI-
vom, MIcmvoLm, MICRORANGE switch selects the full scale multiplier of the function
selected by the IBJNUTION switch.
tions are to be used for CURRENT measurements only.
ZEIiU SUPPRESS controls consist of the zero RA!K$E switch, which
selects the coarse range of suppressing voltage in discreet steps
and the zero SET potentiometer,
fine control, including settings through zero.
B.
PBELrnY SET-UP
SECTION
III -
OPElRATION
or MILLI-MICROAMPERES.
Note that the .3 and .l posi-
which
gives continuously variable
Connect the instrument to the power line. Unless otherwise marked the
unit may be used on IL7 volt, 60 cps line. To convert to 220-volt
operation, refer to the MAINTENANCE section.
is furnished, which grouuds the cabiuet.
Athree-wire line cord
If a three-wire receptacle
is not available, use the two-pin adapter furuished, and ground the
third lead to e.n external ground.
Set controls as follows:
FlJfEIIION: MILLIVOLTS
RANGE: loo0
.zEm s-s: OFF
Inptl~
Short the input leads together.
0763~
3-l
MDDEL 150A
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
C.
Source Resistance - In SECTION II - SPECIFICATIONS un-
1.
der INRJT RESISTANCE, the maximum source resistance for use with
each voltage range is specified. Reasonable operation is possible
with source resistance up to ten times greater than those specified;
however, the measurement will suffer from a considerable decrease in
speed of response, and measuring accuracy. If the instrument is
left completely open-circuited, the meter will generally drift off
scale on any voltage range. On current ranges this does not happen
because of the input shunting resistors.
Shielding - Since the instrument operates with a modulator fre-
2.
quency of 120 cps, it is no% generally sensitive to 60 cps pickup
unless it is large enough to overload the amplifier.
may be a source of difficulty when using the amplifier with high
impedances on the more sensitive voltage ranges and on the two or
three most sensitive current ranges. In these cases it is desirable
to shield the leads and the sources as completely as possible. In
some cases a simple low-pass filter at the input to eliminate fre-
quencies of about 1 cps and above will be helpful. No use is made
of an input filter in this instrument, since any input series impedance due to the filter will increase the input noise and the thermal
drift.
be grounded.
When operating above ground, the case of the instrument must
The pickup
Thermal E&iF - Extreme precautions have been taken in the input
3.
circuit to minimize thermal EMF's so that the residual EMF is less
than 0.6 microvolt.
copper. Any other metal will generate a thermocouple potential.
Lead solder is particularly troublesome.
a problem,
supplied with the instrument.
Input Noise:
Ir.
resistance and is approximately given by
where E is the rms noise,
assumed that the bandwidth of the instrument is about 1 cps and the
temperature is SOoF.
noise and compare results.
resistors approach the ideal resistor.
manganin resistors are used,a considerable thermal EMF of the re-
sistor material against copper will be observed.
Checking the Zero Point - At low levels, spurious E&W's may be
5.
generated simply by contact between the input leads and the terminals
under test.
adjust the zero after establishing a zero reference in the apparatus
under test.
bridge exciting voltage; or with a phototube, shield the tube from
light.
soldering should be done with the cadmium-tin solder
If possible,
For example,
'Ihe material used in the input circuit is pure
Where thermal EMF's are
The noise at the input is a function of input
E q 1.29 x lo-lo (R+2000)$
and R is the source resistance.
If noise is observed,
Also bear in mind that only wire-wound
always leave the instrument connected and
in bridge measurements, disconnect the
calculate the theoretica
However, if Evanohm or
It is
3-2
0763~
MODEL 150A OPERATION
6. Overloads - The current applied to the input circuit should be less
than one milliampere dc steady
When the FUNCTION switch is on the MILLIVOLTS position, the off-scale
impedance can be as low as 10 kilohms. On the MICROVOLTS position, it
may approach 10 ohms.
D. MEASURING VOLTAGE
Direct Voltage Measurements - Place the FUNCTION switch at
1.
MILLIVOLTS or MICROVOLTS as necessary for the measurement to be taken
Then turn the RANGE switch to more sensitive ranges until the meter
gives a usable deflection.
Measuring Voltage Variations - Set the FUNCTION switch and RANGE
2.
switch to obtain the best deflection of the meter. Use the ZERO SUPPRESS controls as described in IV-D to increase the sensitivity of
the meter. Then small changes in a relatively large steady signal may
be displayed with a large scale deflection.
3. Measuring Differential Voltages - When measurements are to be made
in a circuit where the LOW connection is above ground potential, re-
move the DISCONNECT LINK from one of its posts. This disconnects the
instrument circuit ground from chassis ground. DO NOT attempt to make
such measurements where the low side of the circuit being measured is
more than 400 volts above external ground potential.
state,
10 milliamperes dc short-term.
E.
F.
If a recorder is being used with the instrument in this arrangement,
the recorder ground must not be connected to the output ground of the
instrument, since the low side of the output would no longer be grounded.
MEASURING
Direct Current Reading - Turn the FUNCTION switch to MICROAMPERES or
MILLI-MICROAMPERES, and the RANGE to 1000.
the current source and set the RANGE to the range which gives the
best deflection of the meter.
Measuring Current Variations - Proceed as above for direct current
readings,
IV-D.
OTHER APPLICATIONS
Null Indicator - The Model 510A makes an extremely sensitive null
1.
indicator which may be used in a Wheatstone or Mueller Bridge.
In a Wheatstone Bridge,
resistor arms.
the bridge can be adjusted to give a zero reading on the meter. The
instrument can then be set on more sensitive ranges for finer adjustments
of the bridge,*
UNRENT
Connect the instrument to
and then use the ZERO SUPPRESS and SET as described under
the Model 150A is connected between the two
With the FUNCTION on MILLIVOLTS, and the RANGE on 1000,
*If the bridge is arranged so that one terminal of the detector is
grounded, the Model 150A may be used as described in E.
detector must be used floating, remove the DISCONNECT LINK at the
rear and observe the same precautions as in D.3.for measuring
differential voltages.
0764R 3-3
If the
OPERATION
Megohmmeter - The Model 510A may be used to measure resistances,
2.
utilizing an external voltage source and measuring the current which
flows in the unknown.
MODEL 150A
3-4
0764R
MODEL I.5OA
CIRCUPP DY&CRIppIoIi
SECTION IV - CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The Model 150A is basically a narrow-band chopper amplifier employing
negative feedback to stabilize the gain and increase the input impedance.
A. Input Circuit
Zero Stability: The effect of thermal W's generated in the input
circuitry is reduced to nearly the vanishing point by the use of only
copper or silver materials in the input circuit. All solder joints
are made with a low thermal cadmium-tin solder. The chopper and
chopper transformer employ copper leads.
All switching in the input
circuit is accomplished with a solid copper switch. Critical resistors in the input circuit are wound of copper wire. The input
connector has solid copper spring-loaded contacts.
The input voltage is applied to the moving arm of a 120-cps mechan-
ical chopper.
The feedback voltage is connected to the primary
center tap of the input transformer. '%us, the difference voltage
is applied first across one half of the primary and then, +th phase
reversal, to the other half.
This full wave error signal is stepped
up 16 to 1 by the input transformer and applied to the grid of VI., a
608h low-noise pentode.
AC Amplifier
B.
In parallel with the plate load resistor of Vl is a relatively high
Q, 120 cps resonant circuit which narrows the bantiidth and reduces
spurious signals.
V2 and V3, EF86 pentodes, further amplify the chopped error sipnal
which is then demodulated synchronously by selenium diodes DlOlend
Dl.02.
To obtain the 120 cps demodulator driving sianal, use is made of the
ripple frequency from a bridge rectifier circuit
line voltage.
The ripple Js connected to the primary of the de-
operating
modulator driver transformer.
tC Amplifier
C.
The demodulated signal is applied to the grid of VL. Vii, V5, and
~6 form the dc amplifier and output cathode follower which add
further forward gair. to the system and
supply output
power. Feed-
back around VL, V5 and V6 multiplies the effective capacitance of
demodulator filter capacitor Cl13 by about 1000. This yields the
large equivalent capacitance necessary to smcoth the demodulated
error signal.
Because of the feedback, spurious noise in the dc
stages outside the pass band of the whole amplifier are effectively
degenerated.
from the
0763~
4-l
CIRCUll’ WBXIFTION
Zero Suppression
D.
A low-current *lo volt supply is derived from the main dc supply
using lo-volt sener diodes.
voltage from -10 to +lO volts,
propriate dropping resistors to the feedback point to achieve sero
suppression. The potentiometer is the front panel control marked
SET, while switch
Labeled RANGE.
Other Controls
E.
Three controls are set at the factory and should require only infrequent attention by the user.
R118 is an internal control marked DC AMP BAL. It is used to zero the
IX amplifier, i.e.,
modulator output is zero.
ance will simply be fed back to the inout to produce a small error signal
to correct itself.
portion of the meter multiplier resistance to allow for meter-to-meter
sensitivity differneces.
MIDELL 150A
Potentiometer Rl7h may be set at any
this voltage being applied through ap-
S3,
which detemAnes the portion fed back, is
to set the output voltage to sero when the de-
This is not very critical since any unbal-
RlS7is markedME!WR:CAt.
This is the variable
FCL77,
marked CURRENT BALAE!CE, may be set at some voltage which will
cause a current to flow through Rl75 to the chopper am. This current
is used to compensate for a
would otherwise flow in the input circuit.
differs from chopper to chopper,but is fairly
small
generated "chopper current" which
This "chopper current"
stable
for long periods
of time. Its effect on any current range could be removed with the
ZERO SUPPRESS controls, but the Current Balance method used here gives
an effective aero input current for all ranges.
Power Supply
F.
A standard half-wave rectifier followed by an R-C filter is used to
supply unregulated B+ and B- to the output cathode follower.
The unregulated B- is regulated to
-150 volts in V7, OA2, and is used
for the negative returns for the dc amplifier.
Unregulated B+ is fed to the plate of V8, 12BU, the series tube in a
225-volt electronic regulator. The output voltage from this regulator
is divided by R510 and P.511 and compared to reference tube V9, a
The difference signal is amplified
by
cascade amplifier VlO, a 12AX7,
and applied to the grid-cathode circuit of the series tube.
regulated 225 volts supplies Bc directly to the dc amplifier, through
a decoupling filter (R176, CllO) to the second and third ac amplifier
stages, and through another decoupling filter (R103, ClOh) to the
first ac amplifier stage.
5651.
This
4-2
Regulated B+ and B- also supply currents to the 10 volt sener diodes
which are used for xero suppression. This gives two-stage regula-
tion for these very critical voltages.
The first two ac amplifier filaments and the first dc amplifier fila-
ments are driven by a bridge-rectified 6-volt d.c. supply.
The R-C
filter, R512, C507, and ~5~8, insure lowripple.
0763
Mom
15oA
MAIAPENAIOCE
SECTION V -
Except for occasional tube or chopper replacement, very little maintenance
is required by the Models 150A and 15OAR.
below rating and solid-state devices are employed where possible to achieve
long, trouble-free service.
Certain portions of the input circuit are wired using copper wire and special
cadmium-tin solder.
reason, these joints must be unsoldered or re-soldered, USE ONLY CADMIUMTIN SOLDER AND A COPPER-TIPPED SOLD!iRING IRON !'bMICH HAS NEVER BEEN USED WITH
ORDINARY LEAD-TIN SOLDER.
with each instrument.
What may seem to be circuit failure in the Micro Volt-Ammeter is quite often
found to be an unusual condition in the entire test set-up. Therefore, before trouble-shooting the instrument,
rectly with:
1.
2.
3.
If the difficulty persists,
ployed to determine the fault.
These special joints are painted red. If, for any
A small spool of cadmium-tin solder is supplied
All other circuitry disconnected.
Input shorted (with copper leads).
Power line voltage and frequency correct.
the following systematic procedure may be em-
MAINTENANCE
Components are operated well
check to see whether it operates cor-
TROUBLE-SHOOTING
Reference is made to the Schematic Diagram, lZl@8D, and the VoltageResistance Diagram enclosed at the rear of the manual.
To begin trouble-shooting, short the input terminals, strap chassis ground to IO
withthe link pmvided(Model15OAB only), and switchRANGE to OFF.& zero off-
set of a few tenths of a microvolt is noml. On current functions with the
input terminals open but shielded,
with the CURRENT BALANCE control.
EXCESSIVE OUTPUT NOISE (INPUT TmINALS SHORTED)
Short the input grid of the dc amplifier, pin 7 of Vk, to ground. If this
stops the noise,
because of the very low signal levels involved, noise in the ac amplifier
is difficult to trace by other than the substitution method. Most logical
noise sources are Vl or the chopper.
cap at the top, and unscrew the three thumb-screw nuts which
per leads.
When inserting the new chopper,
against the copper terminals and that the insulating washers are between
the leads and the thumb-screw nuts. ,Observe wiring so as to rewire exactly
the same as the original.
it is being generated in the ac amplifier. Unfortunately,
Unscrew the four chopper mounting screws and lift out the chopper.
it should be possible to set aero current
To replace the chopper, unplug the
clamp
make sure that the chopper leads are pressed
the chop-
5-l
-CE
M)DEL 15OA
If the noise persists after shorti.ng the dc amplifier input, the noise is
being generated in the dc amplifier or power supply. A stage-by-stage
search should reveal the source.
OUTPUT NOT ZERO (INPUT TERMINALS SHORTED)
Be sure that RAIWE is set to OFF.
pin 7 of Vh, to ground.
zero.
fault.
If this cannot be done, the dc amplifier or power supply are at
If it can be set to zero, the trouble may be in the ac amplifier
Use the DC AMP BAL control to set the output to
Short the clc amplifier input grid,
or demodulator circuit.
- B+ should be about +225 on pin 1 of ~8
Zoui~ pins 2, h or 7 of v7. If v7 is not fir&
correct the fault in the unregulated B-. If +225 is not pre;ent,
check for unregulated B4 (about 3LO vclts) at the plate pin 9 of
va. If
the
unregulated Ik is all right, check the tube pin voltages
of ~8, V9, and VlO to locate the faulty tube or part.
b.
AC Amplifier
- Remove
the
output
tube (~6) and
clip
the output connector to ground. Place the FlJBCTION switch on
MlLLIVOLTS, and turn the SJEC and RANGE controls full
clockwise. This puts a large dc error signal across the chopper
and input transformer.
Use an oscilloscope to check for the
presence of 120 cps at the primary of the input trsnsformers (the
two outside terminals on the chopper terminal block). Absence of
signal means chopper failure (or much less likely, shorted input
transformer). Listen for audible chopper action and check chopper
drive, if necessary.
If the 120 cps signal is present,
the ac amplifier,
reducing the input signal as desired by backing
check stage-by-stage throughout
off the RANGE and/or SET controls, until the failure is
discovered.
and B-
pir 1 of
Demodulator Circuit - Check for presence of about 80 volts -
d.
at the secondary of the demodulator transformer (at the ends of R113
and Rllh).
The tests outlined above will not suffice to pin-point every fault
which may exist. They should, however, lead to the correction of
common failures.
by these
means,
In the event that troubles cannot be corrected
or the user finds it more expedient, the unit may
be returned to the factory for repair and recalibration at a
nominal cost.
220-VOLT OPERATION
For 220~volt operation the
power
transformer primary connections must be
changed. The jumpers connecting black and black-white together and blue
and blue-white should be removed.
The blue and black-white leads should
be tied together. Replaos the 1.5 tuapere fuse (Keith&y part m-8) with
a 0.75 ampere fuse (Kaithley part W-14).
5-B
MODELS 150A, 15OAR MICROVOLT-AMMETERS REPLACEABLE PARTS
SECTION 6.
6-1. REPLACEABLE PARTS LIST.
REPLACEABLE PARTS
The Replaceable Parts List describes the components of the Models 150A and 15OAR Microvolt-Ammeters and their accessories.
The List gives the circuit designation,
manufacturer,
the manufacturer's part number and the Keithley Part Number.
the part description, a suggested
The name and address of the manufacturers listed in the "Mfg. Code" column
are contained in Table 2.
6-2.
HOW TO ORDER PARTS.
a. For parts orders,
include the instrument's model and serial number, the
Keithley Part Number, the circuit designation and a description of the part.
All structural parts and those parts coded for Keithley manufacture (80164)
must be ordered from Keithley Instruments, Inc.
In ordering a part not
listed in the Replaceable Parts List, completely describe the part, its
function and its location.
Order parts through your nearest Keithley distributor or the Sales
b.
Service Department, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
aP
ampere
n
Ohm
CbVar
CerD
camp
DCb
ETB
Carbon Variable
Ceramic, Disc
composition
Deposited Carbon
Electrolytic, tubular
f farad
k kilo (103)
M or meg mega (106) or megohms
m
Mfg.
MtF
Mil. No.
rs
milli (10-3)
Manufacturer
Metal Film
Military Type Number
Mylar
TABLE 1.
Abbreviations and Symbols.
FMC
Paper, metal cased
Poly Polystyrene
P
pica (10-12)
Spec Special
w
v
Var
w
micro (10-6)
volt
Variable
watt
ww Wirewound
WWVar
Wirewound Variable
0764R
6-l
REPLACEABLE PARTS MODELS 150A, 15OAR MICROVOLT-AMMETERS
MODELS 150A, 15OAR REPLACEABLE PARTS LIST
(Refer to Schematic Diagram 12188D for circuit designations.)