Tegam 2411B Operation Manual

MODEL 2411B

2MS/s Arbitrary Waveform Generator

Operation Manual 810029-CD

Rev. D

Publication Date: November 2005

The Tegam 2411B is a high resolution 2 MS/s Arbitrary Waveform Generator with optional Windows® based waveform creation capability. The updated front panel and the optional WaveWork

Pro +. waveform creation software make the 2411B the easiest way to create and output the waveforms you need. The additional channels needed for multi-phase applications can be met with a simple connection between two or more 2411Bs. It’s combination of bench-top and system features, GPIB (optional) and RS232 (standard) interfaces and the integrated software which is optional and runs under Windows make this waveform generator package a versatile tool useful to create your waveforms for mechanical simulation, engine simulation, medical electronics, modulated sine wave applications and many more applications.

Lab-quality performance

z20 commonly used waveforms front-panel selectable zContinuous or triggered output--5 standard modes z16-bit high-fidelity waveforms--0.005% THD (typical) at 2kHz zHigh resolution output up to 2 MS/s zVery large waveform memory--64k words zLoop and link up to 100 waveforms (Sequence option)

Convenient bench-top features

zUpdated front panel includes control knob and back-lighted LCD zCursor Control of amplitude, offset, sample clock and frequency. zPortable, small profile package

System features

zRS-232 included zWaveform creation software under Windows available z4 programmable Sync pulses per waveform

TEGAM 2411B 2 MS/s Arbitrary Waveform Generator

The Front Panel

Front-Panel Entry

Press one of the System/Parameter menu keys or the Utility/Edit menu keys, and use soft keys

(F1~F4), knob or 10-keys to make selection. Then, press ENTER key.

Use the CLOCK/FREQ or AMPL/OFST key and the knob to make parameter changes. Use double arrow key to switch parameter selection.Use arrow keys to select digits and ranges.

The Rear Panel

III

Mains

Voltage

Range (V)

Power Mains Setting

Hi / Lo Range Fuse Rating

Selector Selector

90 ~ 105 108 ~ 126 198 ~ 231 216 ~ 252

120V 0.8A GDC

Hi Lo

240V 0.4A GDC

Table of Contents

The Front Panel...........................................................................................................................II

Front Panel Entry.........................................................................................................................II

The Rear Panel / Power Mains Setting......................................................................................III

Technical Specification.............................................................................................................VII

In This Manual........................................................................................................................VIII

Chapter 1 - Quick Start

To prepare the generator for use.............................................................................................1 - 2

To set the output frequency for standard waveforms.............................................................1 - 3

To set the sample clock rate....................................................................................................1 - 4

To set the output amplitude.....................................................................................................1 - 5

To set the output offset voltage...............................................................................................1 - 6

To select a standard waveform...............................................................................................1 - 7

To change the default length of standard waveform..............................................................1 - 8

To select a user-defined waveform.........................................................................................1 - 9

To select a sequence waveform (option)...............................................................................1 -10

To select operating mode.......................................................................................................1-12

Chapter 2 - About Arbitrary Waveforms

Waveform Generation.............................................................................................................2 - 2

Waveform Cycle..................................................................................................................... 2 -2

More on Waveform Cycle...................................................................................................... 2 -3

Digital and Analog Scaling.....................................................................................................2- 3

Other Considerations...............................................................................................................2- 3

Examples-Digital and Analog Scaling....................................................................................2 - 4

Waveform Types.....................................................................................................................2- 5

Sync Pulse...............................................................................................................................2- 6

Sync Outputs...........................................................................................................................2- 7

2411B Block Diagram.............................................................................................................2- 8

Chapter 3 - Front-Panel Menu Operation

Parameter Control

MODE menu............................................................................................................ 3 - 2

Sample Clock and Frequency (SCLK/FREQ) menu...............................................3 - 2

Amplitude/Offset (AMPL/OFST) menu..................................................................3 - 2

Function (FUNC) menu............................................................................................3 - 3

OUTPUT menu........................................................................................................3 - 4

Waveform Setup.....................................................................................................................3 - 4

Waveform Edit.................................................................................................................... ...3 - 4

System Control........................................................................................................................3 - 5

Default Settings.......................................................................................................................3 - 6

Standard Waveform List......................................................................................................... 3- 9

Chapter 4 - Waveform Creation System

Components............................................................................................................................4 - 2

User Interface.........................................................................................................................4 - 2

Memory Organization

Introduction..............................................................................................................4 - 4

Default Partitioning.................................................................................................4 - 4

Waveform Numbering..............................................................................................4 -4

Changing Waveform Block Length.........................................................................4 - 4

Waveform Number Block Length............................................................................4 - 5

Deleting Waveform..................................................................................................4 - 5

Inserting New Waveform numbers..........................................................................4 - 5

Table of Contents

Waveform Creation Using Front Panel

Introduction...............................................................................................................4 - 6

Line Mode................................................................................................................4 - 6

Vertex Mode............................................................................................................ 4 - 9

Math Operation........................................................................................................4-13

Examples.................................................................................................................4-14

Sequence Generator (Option)

Introduction...............................................................................................................4-17

Programming a Sequence.........................................................................................4-17

Deleting a Sequence.................................................................................................4 -18

Adding a Step into an Existing Sequence................................................................4-18

Deleting a Step from an Existing Sequence.............................................................4-19

Modyfying a Step within an Existing Sequence......................................................4-19

WaveWorks Pro Software (Option)........................................................................................4- 20

Chapter 5 - Multi-Instrument Operation

Basic Connection.....................................................................................................................5- 2

Multiple Phase Connection......................................................................................................5- 3

Multiple Phase Operation........................................................................................................5-4

Multiple Phase Setup...............................................................................................................5-6

Chapter 6 - Performance Verification

Introduction..............................................................................................................................6-2

Test Equipment Required.........................................................................................................6-2

Verification Test.......................................................................................................................6-2

Verification Test Sheet.............................................................................................................6-4

Chapter 7 - Remote Interface Operation

Introduction..............................................................................................................................7-2

To set the GPIB address..........................................................................................................7- 2

To set the RS-232 parameters..................................................................................................7- 3

RS-232 Adapter Cables...........................................................................................................7- 4

Before sending commands......................................................................................................7-5

Command Features

Command Execution.................................................................................................7- 5

Waveform Selection..................................................................................................7- 6

Waveform Deletion...................................................................................................7 - 6

Command Set..........................................................................................................................7- 7

Reset and Default Values...................................................................................................... 7-14

RS-232 Programming Example.............................................................................................7 -16

GPIB Programming Example................................................................................................7-18

Chapter 8 - Advanced Remote Operation

RS-232 Overview

Introduction...............................................................................................................8- 2

Interface Requirements.............................................................................................8 - 2

Verifcation of Communication..................................................................................8- 3

Command Syntax......................................................................................................8- 3

Common Commands.................................................................................................8- 3

Event Register and Status and Error Reporting........................................................8-4

Functional Syntax Elements......................................................................................8-4

Table of Contents

GPIB (optional) (IEEE-488.2) Overview

Introduction................................................................................................................8-7

Common Commands.................................................................................................8-8

Status and Event Registers........................................................................................ 8-9

Functional Elements - Syntax and Nomenclature...................................................8 - 11

Error Reporting........................................................................................................8-12

Data Formats

Decimal Numeric Program Data..............................................................................8 -13

Arbitrary Block Program Data.................................................................................8 -14

Remote Command Set

Introduction..............................................................................................................8 -15

Command Sequence..................................................................................................8-15

Command Execution................................................................................................8 -15

Command Set Hierarchy...........................................................................................8-16

Stacked Queries........................................................................................................8-16

Command Set............................................................................................................8 -17

Waveform Editing Principles..................................................................................................8-19

Waveform Memory Format

Decimal Waveform Download.................................................................................8- 21

Binary Waveform Download....................................................................................8-22

Example....................................................................................................................8-23

Binary Download Test Program for GPIB...............................................................8-25

Arbitrary Sync Pattern Programming

Overview.................................................................................................................. 8-28

Start/Length Sync Programming..............................................................................8-28

Block Sync Programming.........................................................................................8 -29

Combined Waveform and Sync Programming.........................................................8-30

Single Point Sync Query...........................................................................................8-31

Multiple Point Sync Query.......................................................................................8- 31

Sequence Generator Operation (Option)

Add Sequence...........................................................................................................8-33

Auto Sequence..........................................................................................................8-33

Sequence...................................................................................................................8-33

Sequence Burst.........................................................................................................8-34

Sequence Burst Number...........................................................................................8-34

Appendix

Menu Logic Tree

Standard Waveshape Equations

Amplitude/Offset Graph

Index Warranty

Techical Data Sheet

TEGAM 2411B 2MS/s Arbitrary Waveform Generator

VII

Output Waveforms

Up to 100 High-Definition User-defined Waveforms, Standard Waveforms: Sine, Square, Triangle, ±Sawtooth, DC, ±Pulse, ±Exponential, AM, SCM, FM, Lin/Log Sweep, Sin x/x (Sine), Gaussian, Haversine, Circle, Noise. 4 programmable sync pulses per waveform.

Sequence Generator (Optional)

Waveform: Transient-free Loop and Link Repetitions: Loop: 1,048,575 times Link: 100 waveforms Program: 1000 Steps total File: 100 Sequences

Waveform

Storage: 100 waveforms Resolution:

Horizontal Points: 65,504 max., 16 min. Vertical Points: 16 bits, 65,536 (-32768 to +32767)

Sample Rate:

Range: 0.1 Hz to 2MHz (10s to 500ns) Resolution: 4 digits

Accuracy:±50ppm Transition Time: <150ns (Tested with square wave, filter off, 10Vp-p, 50Ω termination.)

THD + Noise: -86dB typical (2kHz sinewave)

(Tested with 80kHz measurement bandwidth, 2 MHz clock, sinewave, 1000 points, filter on. full amplitude, 50Ω termination.)

Amplitude and Offset

Range

Resolution Accuracy

±1.00 to 10V 10mV 1 % of setting + 20mV ±100mV to 999mV 1mV 3% of setting + 5mV ±10mV to 99.9mV 100mV 5% of setting + 1mV (Tested with 1kHz sinewave plus DC offset, 50

source

impedance, open circuit.)

Selectable Analog Filter

Cutoff: 700kHz, 7th order; 40kHz, 3rd order

Operational Modes

Continuous: Output runs continuously between selected

memory address locations

Triggered: Output at start point until triggered, then runs once. Gated: As triggered except output is continuous until gate signal ends. Burst: Each trigger outputs a preprogrammed number of waveforms from 1 to 1,048,575.

Toggled: Alternate triggers gate the output waveform. Master-Slave: For multi-unit operation.

Cont-Sync: multiple units run continuously in sync with the master unit Trig-Sync: multiple units run in sync with the master unit for one cycle when the master unit is triggered. Trig-Sequence: a tail-chasing mode between the master and the slave unit initiated by triggering the master unit.

Outputs

Output: Front-panel main waveform output, 50Ω

impedance. Sync Outputs: Front-panel TTLsync output, 50Ω impedance plus 3 rear-panel TTL outputs. Programmable. Clock Out: Rear-panel AWG waveform sample clock output (TTL). x2 sample clock. Reference Out: Rear-panel internal 10MHz reference output (TTL).

Sync Trigger Out: Triggers additional units

Inputs

Trigger Input: Rear-panel TTL trigger input for trig-

gered,gated, burst, toggled and master-slave modes.

External TTL Sample Clock Input:< 4MHz Reference In: Rear-panel 10MHz reference input will

phase lock the internal crystal-controlled oscillator.

Trigger Sources

External Trigger Input Manual Trigger

Waveform Creation Tools (Option)

Software:

WaveWorks Pro+ for Windows

Operating System: Windows 2000, 98 or 95. PC Requirements: 486DX or better with 4MB RAM

space Interface: COM port or National Instrument AT-GPIB card (or equivalent)

Standard Function: 30 Math Operation:

Operators: 13 Transfer Functions: 20

Sequence Creation (optional hardware required) Waveform Analysis:

Frequency Domain: FFT and IFFT: up to 500th

harmonic, graphic display and tabulation

Time Domain: Waveform and Digital Pattern

Edit: Point, Vertex and Harmonics (FFT, IFFT).

Computer Interface

RS-232C: 19.2kBaud. max. GPIB (optional): IEEE Std. 488.2-1987

General

Stored Settings: 31 Temperature Range: +23 °C ± 3°C for specified oper-

ation. Operates 0°C to +50°C. Storage -20°C to +60°C. Dimensions: 11.5cm (4.53 in.) H; 25.8cm (10.14 in.) W; 30cm (11.81 in.)D.

Weight: 5.0kg (11 Ibs) Power: 55VA; 45W (max) 100/120/220/240 VAC. +5%,

-10%; 48 to 63 Hz.

Weight and dimensions are approximate. Errors and omissions excepted. Prices and specifications subject to change without notice. TEGAM is the registered trademark of TEGAM, Inc. © Copyright 2000 TEGAM Inc. All rights reserved.

Quick Start:

Chapter 1 will prepare you to use the basic parameters of the arbitrary waveform generator

within a short time. About Arbitrary Waveforms: Chapter 2 provides you the basic concept of arbitrary waveform genera-

tion.

Front-Panel Menu Operation: Chapter 3 describes the front-panel menu operation. Waveform Creation System: Chapter 4 describes the overview of waveform creation system. Multi-Instrument Operation: Chapter 5 describes the basic connection and the multiple unit operation

for multiphase applications. You will leam about the hardware connections and the available masterslave mode.

Performance Verification: Chapter 6 describes the procedure to verify the2411B specification. Remote Interface Operation: Chapter 7 describes the remote interfaces. You will leam how to send

simple commands over RS-232 or GPIB. The detail command list is included in this chapter. Advanced Remote Operation: Chapter 8 describes in details the remote interfaces. It is intended for

use by experienced systems programmers to control every feature of the 2411B from both RS-232 and GPIB.

In this manual

VIII

Quick Start

Chapter 1 Quick Start

To prepare the generator for use

The following steps will help you verify that the generator is ready for use.

1. Check the list of supplied items.

Verify that you have received the following items with your arbitrary waveform generator.

• One power cord

• One serial interface cable

• The instrument operation manual on CD ROM.

2. Check the power mains voltage setting on the rear-panel.

Verify that the mains voltage is set to the range for your location. You can verify the setting by observing the position of the slide switches on the rear panel. Refer to the rear panel diagram on page III.

3. Connect the power cord and turn on the generator.

The generator power switch is located at the lower left corner of the front-panel. The front-panel display will light up and indicate the name, the model number and the firmware version release level.

4. Press OUTPUT button, select ON (F1 softkey) and then press ENTER.

The LED above OUTPUT connector turns on. Now, the generator output is on.

5. Connect a BNC cable from the OUTPUT connector to an oscilloscope input.

Terminate the cable at the oscilloscope input with 50Ω load.

6. Connect a BNC cable from the front panel SYNC OUT connector to the external sync input of the oscilloscope.

Make an adjustment to the oscilloscope to synchronize the output waveform on the display.

1-2

Chapter 1 Quick Start

To set the output frequency for standard waveforms

To set the output frequency for standard waveforms.

At the initial power-on, the generator output is turned off. Be sure to follow the step 4 of the page 1-2 if you have not yet turned on the generator output. The following steps will show you how to change the output frequency to 12kHz. Remember that the output frequency is computed as shown.

Waveform Frequency = [(Sample Clock) / (Waveform Length)]*(Number of Cycles in the Waveform Frame)

1. Press SCLK (Sample Clock) / FREQ (Frequency) button. Then, press double arrow button to exchange the parameters.

The displayed frequency is either the power-on value or the previously selected

2. Enter the magnitude of the desired frequency.

Use the right-arrow button to place the cursor under the selected digit. Turn the knob to set the digit to

2. The frequency will indicate 12.00 kHz.

3. Select the desired frequency range.

Use the right-arrow button to place the cursor under the multiplier (k). Turn the knob counterclockwise to switch the range by a decade.

1-3

FREQ= 10.00 kHZ SCLK= 10.00 MHz

FREQ= 12.00 kHZ

SCLK= 12.00 MHz

FREQ= 1.200 k

SCLK= 1.200 MHz

Chapter 1 Quick Start

To set the sample clock rate

To set the sample clock rate.

At the initial power-on, the generator outputs a free-running sine wave at 10kHz with an amplitude of

5.0 V peak-to-peak (into 50Ω termination) after the output is turned on. The following steps will show you how to change the sample clock rate of a user-defined waveform or an optional sequence. The output frequency of any waveform is:

Waveform Frequency = [(Sample Clock) / (Waveform Length)]*(Number of Cycles in the Waveform Frame)

1. Press FUNC (function) key and select a user-defined waveform, WAV#. Select WAV#0 and press ENTER.

The default length of a user-defined waveform is 2000 points.

2. Press SCLK/FREQ (Sample Clock/Frequency) button.

The displayed sample clock is either the power-on value or the previous sample clock rate selected.

3. Enter the magnitude of the desired sample clock rate.

Use the right-arrow button to place the cursor under the selected digit. Turn the knob to set the digit to

4. Select the range of the desired frequency.

Use the right-arrow button to place the cursor under the multiplier (M). Turn the knob counterclockwise to switch the range by a decade. Observe the output frequency has changed by a decade.

1-4

SCLK= 10.00 MHZ

FREQ= 5.000 kHz

SCLK= 12.00 MHZ

FREQ= 6.000 kHz

SCLK= 1.200 MHZ

FREQ= 600.0 Hz

Chapter 1 Quick Start

To set the output amplitude

At the initial power-on, the generator outputs a cw sine wave at 10 kHz with an amplitude of 5V peakto-peak (into 50Ω termination) after the output is turned on. The following steps will show you how to change the amplitude to 2.5V peak-to-peak.

1. Press AMPL/OFST (Amplitude/Offset) button.

The displayed amplitude is either the power-on value or the previous amplitude selected.

2. Select the digit you are going to modify.

Use the left-arrow button to place the cursor under the selected digit.

3. Enter the magnitude of the desired amplitude

Turn the knob counter clockwise to set the digit to 2.

4. Enter the magnitude of the desired amplitude.

Use the right-arrow button to place the cursor under the selected digit. Turn the knob to set the digit to 5 to change the magnitude.

1-5

AMPL= 5.000 V

OFST= 0.000 V

AMPL= 5.000 V

OFST= 0.000 V

AMPL= 2.000 V

OFST= 0.000 V

AMPL= 2.5

00 V

OFST= 0.000 V

Chapter 1 Quick Start

To set the output offset voltage

To set the output offset voltage.

At the initial power-on, the generator outputs a cw sine wave at 1 kHz with an offset voltage of 0 V (into 50Ω termination) after the output is turned on. The following steps will show you how to add 1.0 V offset to the output.

1. Press AMPL/OFST button twice or press the double arrow button to exchange the parameters.

2. Select the digit and enter the desired offset voltage.

Use the left-arrow button to place the cursor under the number 0. Turn the knob to select the desired offset voltage. You must observe some restrictions for the magnitude of the offset voltage. The sum of the offset and peak amplitude can not exceed ±5 volts when terminated with 50Ω.

1-6

OFST= 0.0

00 V

AMPL= 2.500 V

OFST = 1.000 V

AMPL = 2.500 V

Amplitude and DC Offset Ranges

TEGAM 2411B utilizes unique combinations of the input and output attenuators for the output amplifier in order to accomplish the optimized signal attenuation. Therefore, if DC offset is applied to the signal, the following restrictions must be observed.

Amplitude Range

Legal Amplitude+DC Offset Limits

1V ~ 10.2V Amplitude + | DC Offset | < 10.4V 100mV ~ 999mV Amplitude + | DC Offset | <

1.00V

10mV ~ 99mV Amplitude + | DC Offset | <

100mV

Chapter 1 Quick Start

To select a standard waveform

To select a standard waveform.

At the initial power-on, the generator outputs a free-running sinewave at 1 kHz after the output is turned on. The following steps will show you how to select another standard waveform.

1. Press FUNC (function) button.

Select standard waveforms by pressing STDW (standard wave). The default length is set to 1000 points.

2. Use the right and left arrow buttons to view the selection menu.

Select one of the 20 standard waveforms.

3. Press SIN (sinewave) button to select parameter(s).

Use the double arrow button to exchange the parameters. Press the waveform button again to select more parameters if available.

4. Turn the knob or key in the parameters on the 10-key to enter parameters.

1-7

FUNC: wav# seq# STDW view

FUNC:STDW: SIN squ tri saw+

FUNC:STDW: am scm fm hsin

N=1.00 P=0.000 SIN squ tri saw+

Chapter 1 Quick Start

To change the default length of standard waveform

To select a standard waveform (continued)

5. Press ENTER button to set parameters.

Note: the standard waveform data is recomputed after the parameters are changed. It may take a fraction of a second to several seconds to compute and draw the new waveshape. The time to draw the waveform depends on the sample length and type of waveform selected.

To Change the default length of standard waveform.

The default length of 1000 points will create the maximum frequency of 2kHz sinewave. If higher frequency is required, the default length must be changed. The minimum length is 16 points.

1. Press SETUP button.

2. Press STDW (F2 soft key).

The display indicates standard waveform is located at the memory address of 10000 and the length is

1000. The 2411B automatically select the waveform memory location.

3. Press LEN (F4 soft key).

4. Turn the knob or key in the length on the 10-key to enter new length. Then, press OK (F3 soft key).

1-8

SETUP: WAV# STDW SEQ#

01000@10000 STDW SYNC LEN

free=54504 L=1000

OK CANC

Chapter 1 Quick Start

To select a user-defined waveform

To select a user-defined waveform.

At the initial power-on with the factory setting, the generator outputs free-running sinewave at 10 kHz after the output is turned on. The following steps will show you how to select a user-defined arbitrary arbitrary waveform. All user-defined waveforms must be created on the PC and downloaded to the 2411B using WaveWorks Pro or other software, or created using the edit utility prior to the selection. However, we have loaded the first five user-defined waveform locations with sample waveforms for your verification.

1. Press FUNC (function) button.

2. Press WAV# (F1 soft key).

If the waveform does not contain any data, it will not be displayed.

3. Press the knob to select one of the user-defined waveforms.

If the waveform does not contain any data, it will not be displayed.

4. Press ENTER button to select the user-defined waveform.

Whenever an asterisk is displayed on the LCD screen, the parameter selection is pending. You must press ENTER button to complete the selection.

1-9

FUNC: wav# seq# STDW view

*WAV# = 0

WAV# seq# stdw view

*WAV# = 2

WAV# seq# stdw view

WAV# = 2

WAV# seq# stdw view

Chapter 1 Quick Start

To select a sequence waveform

To select a sequence waveform. (option)

The following steps will show you how to select a sequence waveform. The sequence generator option must be installed in the 2411B prior to proceeding with the following steps. All user-defined waveforms must be created on the PC and downloaded to the 2411B by using WaveWorks Pro or must be created using the internal EDIT function before making the sequence selection. However, we have pre-loaded the first five user-defined waveforms with the sample waveforms. We will utilize these waveforms to demonstrate the sample sequence.

1. Press FUNC (function) button.

2. Press SEQ# (F2 soft key).

Turn the knob to select the desired Sequence waveform number. Press ENTER button. You will be able to view the sequence waveform, unless you have already altered the sequence steps.

3. Turn the knob to select one of the user-defined waveforms.

If the sequence does not contain any data, it will not be displayed.

1-10

FUNC: wav# seq# STDW view

*SEQ# = 0

wav# SEQ# stdw view

*SEQ# = 2

wav# SEQ# stdw view

Chapter 1 Quick Start

To select a sequence waveform

To select a sequence waveform (continued)

4. Press ENTER button to select the sequence waveform.

Whenever an asterisk is displayed on the LCD screen, the parameter selection is pending. You must press ENTER button to complete the selection.

Note: Each SEQ# may contain up to 4096 steps, use up to 1000 user-defined waveforms which may be repeated up to 1,000,000 repetitions.

1-11

SEQ# = 2

wav# SEQ# stdw view

Chapter 1 Quick Start

To select a operating mode

To select operating mode

The following steps will show you how to select an operating mode and output one cycle of a sinewavewhen a trigger signal is applied. The 2411B is initially set to CONT (continuous) mode.

1. Select a standard waveform.

See page 1-7 for the procedure.

2. Press MODE key to change the operating mode. Press TRIG (F2 soft key) to select trigger mode.

3. Press ENTER button to select the mode.

Whenever an asterisk is displayed on the LCD screen, the parameter selection is pending. You must press ENTER button to complete the selection.

4. Press SHIFT button and then press TRIG button (number 0 on 10-key) to output a single cycle of a sinewave.

Please note the LED light will turn on when SHIFT button is pressed. While the SHIFT light is on, the keypad will not function as a 10-keypad. Press again to disable the SHIFT button.

Note:

If you apply a single trigger pulse to the TRIG IN (TTL level) on the rear BNC connector, you can also output a single cycle of a sinewave.

By selecting UTIL (UTILITY) button and then selecting TGEN (Trigger GENerator) (F4), you may activate the internal trigger generator. When the internal generator is not in use, make sure that the triggert generator is set to OFF. Otherwise, it may interfere with other operation modes.

1-12

*MODE

cont TRIG gate brst

MODE: cont TRIG gate brst

About Arbitrary W aveforms

Chapter 2 About Arbitrary Waveforms

Waveform Generation

In an arbitrary waveform generator, you will define a waveform, using either the standard functions or custom profile data files to load waveform memory. A set of start and stop addresses which correspond to a waveform memory location is assigned with a waveform number. An address generator sequentially presents data values from the specified memory location to the digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The precision DAC converts the data into analog voltage values. This series of sequential voltage levels describes the output waveform with the frequency determined by the sample clock rate divided by the number of samples in the waveform. Changing the sample clock rate causes the address generator to change the speed at which the data is presented to the DAC, thereby changing the output frequency.

The waveforms you create are a series of data points consisting of X- and Y-axis values. For 16-bit generators, such as the TEGAM 2411B, the Y values between +32767 and -32768 are used. In describing the first point, 0, is given a Y value. The next point has another Yvalue, and so on up to the last address in your waveform. This series of points make up the waveshape.

Waveform Cycle

All the data points in the specified waveform memory location make up one waveform cycle. The waveform generator will output all the points in the waveform at the sample clock rate specified. The resulting frequency is equal to the sample clock rate divided by the number of data points in the waveform. If more than one cycle of the waveshape is entered into a waveform, the output frequency will be a multiple of one waveform generator cycle. For example, if you create a waveform with 3 triangle wave cycles using the same number of data points and the sample clock rate, the frequency will be 3 times higher.

2-2

Chapter 2 About Arbitrary Waveforms

Tegam 2411B Operation Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual