TAWI PRO40, PRO80, PRO180, PRO140, PRO250 User Manual

User guide for

TAWI Lifting Trolleys

1 Overview

TAW I

Lifting Trolleys provide lifting and transportation aid for loads up to 250kg (551lbs). The lifters can be
equipped with different tools that have battery driven lifting and lowering capabilities. The user moves the lifter
by pushing it, and prevents it from moving when stationary with the aid of brakes.

The lifters are available in seven different models, mainly differing in lifting capacity: PRO40, PRO80, PRO140,
PRO180, PRO250, PRO100ESE and PRO200ESE. This chapter presents an overview illustration of the lifters
and a table containing characteristics of the different models. Important information about how to load the lift­ers is also provided.

A

C

M

R

A Mast

B Control panel

B

K

D

E

F

G

L

N

J

P

H

Q

J Battery pack

K Power cord

C Emergency stop

D Identification plate

E Leg

F Rear wheels separately braked (PRO40)

G Rear wheels

H Battery charging indicator

02

L Hand control (all models except PRO40)

M Handle

N Central brake

P Sleigh

Q Front wheels

R Swiveling front wheels (PRO40 and PRO80)

This table presents information about STANDARD CONFIGURATIONS of each model.

Model PRO40 PRO80 PRO140 PRO180 PRO250 PRO100ESE PRO200ESE

Lifting
capacity

The lifting capacity is valid only in accordance to the appropriate load diagram, see Loading on page 04.
The max lifting capacity specified above are valid for standard configurations of the lifters. Check the sticker on the mast for

applicable max load.

40kg/
88lbs

80kg/
176lbs

140kg/
308lbs

180kg/
379lbs

250kg/
551lbs

100kg/
220lbs

200kg/
441lbs

Max lifting
height

The max lifting height specified above concern lifting heights with preserved max lifting capacity. These are valid for stan­dard configurations of the lifters.

Weight short/
medium/long
mast

The weight is valid for standard configurations of the lifters without tools.

Battery
charging
procedure

Lifts per
charge

Up and down
motions

1640mm/

64.5in

- /
41kg (90lbs)
/-

Plug in to electrical outlet (100-240 V, grounded, 50 - 60 Hz)
Recommended 8 hours continuous charge

40kg
(88lbs),
1m (39.3in)
x 100 times

Control
panel. One
speed.

2540mm/
100in

46kg
(101lbs)/
50kg
(110lbs)/
53kg
(116lbs)

80kg
(76lbs),
1m (39.3in),
x 100 times

Hand control. Two speeds.

2540mm/
100in

69kg
(152lbs)/
73kg
(160lbs)/
78kg
(171lbs)

140kg
(308lbs),
1m (39.3in),
x 100 times

2540mm/
100in

77kg
(169lbs)/
81kg
(178lbs)/
86kg
(189lbs)

180kg
(397lbs),
1m (39.3in),
x 100 times

2540mm/
100in

- /
107kg
(238lbs)/
113kg
(249lbs)

250kg
(551lbs),
1m (39.3in),
x 100 times

2222mm/

87.4in

Electrical
EasyTurn:

- /
115kg (253lbs)/
120kg (265lbs)

Manual
EasyTurn:

- /
113kg (249lbs)/
118kg (260lbs)

100kg
(220lbs),
1m (39.3in),
x 100 times

2195mm/

86.4in

- /
152kg
(335lbs)/

158kg
(348lbs)

200kg
(441lbs),
1m (39.3in),
x 100 times

Front wheels Swiveling Swiveling Fixed

Brake system Rear wheels

separately
braked

Overload
protection

Incorporated in circuit load

Central brake with directional lock.

03

Loading

The max lifting capacity of the lifters depends on where the mass centre of the load is located in terms of x and
y distances. The graphs in the load diagrams display allowed x-distances and the text above each load diagram
presents allowed y-distances.

PRO40, PRO80, PRO140, PRO180 and PRO250

Illustration of x and y-distances

Kg

X

Y

Valid for y-distances between 0 - 2540mm (0 - 100in).

Load diagram PRO40

Valid for y-distances between 0 - 1640mm (0 - 64.5in).

Load diagram PRO140Load diagram PRO80

Valid for y-distances between 0 - 2540mm (0 - 100in).

04

Load diagram PRO180 Load diagram PRO250

Valid for y-distances between 0 - 2540mm (0 - 100in). Valid for y-distances between 0 - 2540mm (0 - 100in).

PRO100ESE and PRO200ESE

Illustration of x and y-distances

X

Y

Load diagram PRO200ESE

Valid for y-distances between 0 - 2195mm (0 - 86.4in).

Load diagram PRO100ESE

Valid for y-distances between 0 - 2222mm (0 - 87.4in).

(x) mm

05

2 Quick start

This chapter presents how to fasten tools and how to start the lifter.

Fasten tools on the sleigh

Sometimes tools are attached at delivery. If not, at­tach the tool to the sleigh with at least three screws.
Select which holes to use in order to get the desired
max and min lifting heights.

1. Align the selected holes for attachment on the
tool with the ones on the sleigh.

2. Fasten with at least three screws.

• Make sure the screws are fastened correctly
and that the correct torque is applied on
each screw.

• Make sure the screws are dimensioned to
carry the weight of the tool plus the max load.

• When fastening EasySqueeze arms, use four
screws (type M8) per arm.

Torques to apply

Tool attachment for
model

PRO 40 and PRO80 M6 10 Nm

PRO140 and PRO180 M8 24 Nm

PRO250 M10 47 Nm

Type Torque (Nm,

class 8.8) (ft/lb)

(7.3 ft/lb)

(17.7 ft/lb)

(34.6 ft/lb)

Lift the lifter

To transport the lifter by lifting it, fasten a sling in the
handle according to illustration and lift.

6

3 User instructions

This chapter describes how to operate the

TAW I

Lifting Trolleys.

Start the lifter

Make sure that the wheels rotate smoothly, that the brakes on the rear wheels are functioning properly and that
the battery is charged. Review and perform relevant inspections. See Daily inspections by operator on page

20, Quarterly inspections by inhouse maintenance on page 21 and Yearly inspections by TAWI authorised
service technician on page 21.

1. Press the main switch to turn the power on.

» Response: The battery status display flashes for approximately three seconds and is thereafter lit.

2. The lifter is now ready for use.

• The lifter can be stopped at any time by pressing the emergency stop on the control panel.

• Only run the lifter when it is completely assembled.

• Check the lifter for safe functionality prior to each use, for instructions, see Inspections on page 20.

• The lifters has overload protection which will prevent tools from being raised when the specified max
load is exceeded. If the overload protection is activated, reduce the load and try again.

Charge the battery

The battery can be charged with the battery pack attached or detached from the lifter. The battery can not be
overcharged or charged too often. It is recommended to charge the battery as soon as it is not in use.

• A damaged power cord could cause electrical shock.

• Never touch any parts inside the battery pack when charging. Touching electrical parts can cause an
electric shock.

7

• The lifter can be switched on or off when charging the battery. It is recommended that the lifter is
switched off.

• To make sure not to damage the cord when pulling it out of the electrical outlet - grab, and apply the
force to the plug.

• It is recommended to charge the battery in a full cycle, however the battery system can be plugged in
for a longer period, since it cannot be overcharged. See Battery charging indicator on page 9.

• Never operate the lifter when the battery is charging (plugged in).

• The battery system has to be charged in a grounded electrical outlet.

• Charge the battery in a designated dry area.

• Normal charging of the battery creates very small amounts of hydrogen. However, the casing is venti­lated, and thereby the risk of hydrogen collection is minimal.

Charge with battery pack attached

1. Connect the power cord to a grounded electri­cal outlet (100 - 240 V, 50 - 60 Hz).

2. When the battery is charged, pull the power
cord out of the electric outlet and fasten it in its
holder on the mast.

Charge with battery pack detached

1. Grab the battery pack handle and lift vertically
to detach it from the lifter.

2. Place the battery in a designated dry area for
charging.

3. Connect the power cord to a grounded electri­cal outlet (100 - 240 V, 50 - 60 Hz).

100­240V

100­240V

4. When the battery is charged, pull the power
cord out of the electric outlet.

5. Place the battery back into position.

6. Fasten the power cord in its holder on the mast.

8

Battery charging indicator

The colour of the battery charging indicator communicates the following information:

PRO40 and PRO80

Orange Boost charge
Yellow Top up charge
Green Ready/standby

PRO140, PRO180, PRO250, PRO100ESE and
PRO200ESE

Yellow (steady) Boost charge

Yellow (flashing) Top up charge
Green Ready/standby
Red Error

Move the lifter

Grab the handles and push the lifter to move it forward.

Always move the lifter with the load in a lowered position.

9

Apply brakes to the lifter

There are two different brake options depending on the model of the lifter; rear wheels separately braked or
central brake.

Rear wheels separately braked (PRO40)

Engage or disengage the brakes on both rear
wheels.

A. Neutral

B. Brake

Central brake (all models except PRO40)

The central brake has three positions; brake, re­lease, and directional lock. Directional lock means
that the rear wheels are locked in a fixed position,
only allowing the lifter to move straight forward
and straight backwards. This feature keeps the lifter
steady and is helpful when it is transported a rela­tively long distance.

A. Directional lock

B. Neutral

C. Brake

A

B

A

B

A
B

C

Always apply brakes when loading and unloading.

10

Adjust legs

This section only applies to PRO80 and PRO140. The legs of these models can be adjusted in width.

Always apply brakes and take out the battery pack before leaning the lifter. Also make sure that no cables are
in the way or squeezed between the operator handle and the floor.

1. Lean the lifter and place it on its back.

2. Adjust the legs one side at a time:

a. Loosen and remove the screw closest to the

mast.

b. Loosen, but do not remove, the other screw

(located farthest away from the mast).

c. Refit the removed screw into the middle posi-

tion to enable the leg to move inwards and
outwards.

d. Extend the leg to desired position, make sure

it ends up within the max and min markings.

e. Remove the screw from the middle position.

f. Put the screw back and fasten into its original

position.

g. Make sure both screws are tightened to

24Nm (17.7 ft/lb).

3. Repeat step (2) for the other leg.

• Always adjust the legs within the max and min
markings.

• Exceeding this may cause damage to the lifter
and may cause injuries.

• The legs do not have to be adjusted
symmetrically.

• Each leg is adjustable by 150mm (5.9in).

24Nm

17.7 ft/lb

11

Operating tools

Tools are handled using a detachable hand control and the control panel. If the lifter is not equipped with a
hand control, only the control panel is used.

If a tool hits an object or surface during lowering, a safety mechanism will stop the downwards movement.
This is to prevent accidents.

Raise and lower with the hand control

The hand control can be detached from the handle and has two buttons, up and down. The hand control is
equipped with two speeds. Press firmly for faster movement and press lightly for slower movement.

Standard hand control

A. Press UP to raise

B. Press DOWN to lower

A

B

The Position stop hand control has
a button on top, see Position stop
on page 19.

A. Press UP to raise

B. Press DOWN to lower

C. Press the top button on top to

activate Position stop.

C

A

B

12

Control panel

There are three standard configurations of the control panel, they depend on the model of the lifter.

Control panel on lifter
equipped with a hand control.

A

G
H

F

A. Emergency stop

Control panel on lifter NOT
equipped with a hand control.

J

F

G. Service indicator

A

K
G

H

Control panel on lifter equipped
with EasySqueeze.

L
B

D

F

A

C

E

G
H

B. Close squeeze arms

C. Open squeeze arms

D. Rotate counterclockwise

E. Rotate clockwise

H. Main switch

J. Raise the tool (one speed)

K. Lower the tool (one speed)

L. Safety button

F. Battery status display

Battery status display

The battery status is indicated by the number of lit bars in the battery status display. When the bars are flashing,
the number of flashing bars communicate messages, see Codes on the battery status display on page 25.

13

General tools

General tools includes platforms, fork tools etcetera, see Tools on page 36 for additional examples. These
can be used to raise and lower loads and objects using the hand control and/or the control panel.

• Make sure that the load is stable and is secured on the general tool.

• Make sure the general tool is loaded according to load diagrams, see Loading on page 04.

• Always transport a load in a lowered position.

EasySqueeze

The EasySqueeze is an electrical gripping tool that handles objects from their outer surfaces. The EasySqueeze
is operated from the control panel, see Control panel on page 13 for illustrations of the buttons to use.

• Always stay clear of the area under the tool.

• Do not stand between the grippers.

Apply brakes when loading and unloading.

14

Grip an object

1. Move the lifter and use the hand control to
place the EasySqueeze arms centred in height
and depth over the object that is to be moved.

2. Press the Close squeeze arms (B) button and
keep it pressed.

» Response: When the preset gripping force is

reached, the EasySqueeze arms stop and the
Close squeeze arms (B) button is lit green.

Make sure all grippers are pressed against the
surface of the object. If they are not, loosen the
EasySqueeze arms and repeat step 2.

Rotate an object

When an object is gripped with the EasySqueeze
and raised approximately 20cm (7.8in), it is possible
to rotate the object clockwise or counterclockwise.

B

1. Press and hold the Rotate counterclockwise (D)
button or the Rotate clockwise (E) button.

2. Release the button when the desired or pre­defined angle is reached.

» Response: When the button is released, the

rotation stops.

Transport an object

Transport the object at a lowered position (in this
case, appoximately 20cm (7.8in) above ground
level).

It is desireable to transport the object in an angle
where it is resting on one of the EasySqueeze
arms.

D

E

1. Raise the object approximately 20cm (7.8in)
above ground level.

2. Release the brake.

3. Grab the handle and push the lifter to desired
location.

15

Release an object

• Make sure there is enough space when
unloading so that the EasySqueeze arms do
not collide with any surrounding items when
moving outwards to release the object.

• Do not release an object during raising or
lowering.

1. Apply the brake.

2. If applicable, rotate the object to the desired
angle for unloading.

3. Use the hand control to raise the object to de­sired height for unloading.

Make sure that the object is placed in the correct
position and that it is safe to release it.

C

L

4. Press the Open squeeze arms (C) button and the
Safety button (L) simultaneously and keep the

buttons pressed to release the object.

16

Coregripper

The Coregripper is a reel handling tool that handles the reel from the core. It is designed to handle reels with
a cardboard core. See Control panel on page 13 for illustrations of the buttons to use when operating an
electrical Coregripper.

Pick up and rotate a reel

Always stay clear of the area under the reel.

• The Coregripper is mainly designed to pick
up reels with the core in a vertical position.

• When lifting reels with the core in horisontal
position, the reel can fall off the Coregripper.
Make sure there is a secure grip before
rotating.

1. Move the lifter and place the centre of the
Coregripper above the core of the reel.

Apply brake to the rear wheels.

2. Press and hold the Down button on the hand
control to lower the Coregripper into the core of
the reel.

3. Release the Down button when the Coregripper
has reached desired depth.

4. Activate the gripping jaws by lifting the extractor
handle out of its slots. Use both hands.

5. Press and hold the Up button on the hand con­trol to lift the reel.

6. Raise the reel approximately 20cm (7.8in) from
ground level to check that the core is gripped
safely.

Make sure nobody is close to the lifter when pre­paring to rotate the reel.

17

7. Rotate the Coregripper to horisontal position by

grabbing the OPPOSITE side of the handle from
the side you stand with reference to the mast.

8. Pull the rotation lock pin outwards and hold.

9. Pull the handle to rotate the reel.

10. Carry the rotation through before putting the

rotation lock pin back gently.

For an effortless rotation, try to place the reel so
that its center of gravity ends up on the axis of
rotation.

Transport a reel

1. Release the brake and push the lifter to desired

location

• Always transport the reel with the core in hor­isontal position.

• Always transport objects at a lowered
position.

Release a reel onto a shaft

1. Push the lifter and raise the Coregripper to de­sired height (until it is in line with the shaft).

Make sure brakes are applied to the rear wheels
when handling the reel.

2. Disengage the gripping jaws by putting the
extractor handle back in its slots.

3. Manually push the reel onto the shaft.

18

Position stop

A Position stop switch can be assembled on the mast between the top and bottom position switches. The
Position stop can also be assembled at delivery

• There is always one top limit switch and one bottom limit switch assembled on the lifter. Make sure the
Position stop switch is placed between the top and bottom limit switches.

• NEVER move the top or bottom limit switches.

The Position stop is configured to stop the tool when the tool moves upwards or downwards. Contact a TAWI
authorised service technician for support with configuration of the Position stop.

1. The Position stop hand control has a button on top.

2. Press the top button (C) to activate the Position stop.

C

» Response: The top button (C) is activated and lit.

3. Depending on how the Position stop is configured, press UP (A) or
DOWN (B) to move the tool to desired position.

4. The tool stops when reaching the Position stop.

» Response: The tool stops.

5. Press the top button (C) to move the tool past the position switch.

» Response: The top button (C) stops being lit.

Ladder

TAW I

Lifting Trolleys have a ladder accessory which can be used to facilitate work. Be careful when using the lad-

der accessory along with the lifter, and pay attention to the sticker on the ladder, see Label on

ladder on page 10.

TAW I

Lifting Trolley

A

B

When using a ladder there is a risk of slipping and falling off it. Be careful and make sure:

• To have a good grasp of a supporting object when stepping onto and climbing the ladder.

• To have clean shoes with a good grip.

• That the ladder is clean and provides a good grip for your feet.

• Do not exceed the max load of the ladder, see Label on

TAW I

Lifting Trolley ladder on page 10.

• The brake must be applied on the lifter when using the ladder.

19

4 Service & maintenance

This chapter provides information about service and maintenance of the lifters. The chapter is divided into three
sections based on who is to perform the inspections and how often the inspections are to be carried out. Daily
by the operator, quarterly by inhouse maintenance or yearly by TAWI authorised service technician.

For technical service, maintenance or repairs contact your TAWI representative or [e-mail]. TAWI must
authorise all modifications to this product. TAWI assumes no responsibility for unauthorised modifications and
guarantees will automatically become invalid if unauthorised modifications have been made.

• Service must be carried out on a yearly basis or when the service indicator lamp (see G. Service indicator
on page 13) on the control panel is lit.

• If any damage/wear is detected on the lifter, this must immediately be reported to TAWI or authorised
TAWI representative. The lifter must be taken out of commission and not be used until the damage has
been repaired.

• All service must be carried out with the battery disconnected. The battery pack can be lifted out in order
to remove the power source.

• In order to deal with the lifter’s cables and wiring, a good knowledge of electricity and TAWI electrical
schedules of the lifters is required.

• If the battery needs to be replaced, either order a new battery pack from TAWI or make sure that an
original battery is used. If assistance is needed, contact TAWI.

• Keep the lifter clean, use a damp cloth. Do not use chemical cleaners.

Inspections

The following inspections are to be carried out.

Daily inspections by operator

1. If yearly service has been carried out, make sure that the service inspection date is valid.

2. Check that the max lifting capacity signs are visible.

3. Check that warning and operating labels are visible.

4. Make sure wheels and bearings are functioning and running smoothly.

5. Make sure breaks are functioning correctly and check for signs of damage/wear.

6. Check external wiring for damage/wear.

7. Make sure that the hand control is functioning properly.

20

Continue on the next page

8. Make sure correct and safe gripping of loads with EasySqueeze is achieved; The close button (A) on the
control panel will be lit green when the correct gripping force is achieved.

9. Check that the switch for deactivating rotation on the EasySqueeze is functioning correctly by lowering
the EasySqueeze tool to the min position and try to rotate. The turn function should be deactivated if the
switch is working correctly.

10. Make sure that the emergency stop is working correctly.

11. Lower the tool (without load) until it hits a surface or object close to the ground to check that the tipping
safety function is working properly.

Quarterly inspections by inhouse maintenance

1. Double check (carry out) all daily inspections mentioned in Daily inspections by operator.

2. Check all screws and nuts for damage/wear.

Yearly inspections by TAWI authorised service technician

1. Check that CE mark and serial number on the identification plate are visible.

2. Make sure all screws and nuts are tightened according to Torques to apply on page 6.

3. Pay extra attention to screws and nuts on mast, legs, tool attachments and EasySqueeze arms.

4. Make sure the tool is correctly attached and fastened securely.

5. Check belt wheels for signs of damage/wear.

6. Check the belt for wear and tear and make sure that it is properly secured in belt lock.

7. Make sure that upper and lower switches are functioning correctly.

8. Control that the battery voltage level is sufficient.

9. Control that the charger is supplying correct voltage.

10. Check all wiring for signs of damage/wear and make sure all connections are correct.

11. Make sure that overload protection is functioning properly by test lifting with 10% overload according to
indicated max load capacity.

12. Control screws and safety functions on tools e.g. springpins, safety locks etc.

13. Check belt tension and tighten belt if needed.

14. Control welds for damage/wear on legs and tools caused by misuse, overload etc.

15. Reset service indicator when inspection service has been carried out.

Torques

Type Torque (Nm, class 8.8) (ft/lb)
M5 6 Nm (4.4 ft/lb)
M6 10 Nm (7.3 ft/lb)
M8 24 Nm (17.7 ft/lb)
M10 47 Nm (34.6 ft/lb)

21

5 Troubleshoot

This chapter provides information on how to investigate or rectify problems that may occur. Actions marked with
(*) must be carried out by TAWI or a TAWI authorised service technician.

Main unit

Problem Likely caused by Action required

Main switch is turned off. Turn main switch on.

Emergency stop is engaged.

Batteries need charging.

Batteries are drained.

Charger is damaged.

Overload protection is activated. Reduce load to max stated capacity.

Limit switches are broken/damaged.

No signal from hand control.

No signal from control panel.

Wires or connections are loose in bat­tery pack.

Tool does not move up or down

Fuse has tripped.

Disengage the emergency stop.

Charge batteries according to manual. See (A) on page

25.

Change batteries.* See (A) on page 25.

Check if charger supplies correct voltage, if not replace
charger.*

Check functions of limit switches, replace if needed.*

Check if the hand control or connection cable are dam­aged. Replace if necessary.

Check signal from the control panel to circuit board.* See

See (A) on page 25.

(H) on page 25.

Check wire connection on batteries. Connect if necessary.

Check fuse, replace if broken.

Tool moves

slowly up/

down

The belt

slams at

descent

22

Mother board is damaged.

Control board is damaged.

Circuit board damaged.

Batteries are weak. Charge batteries according to manual.

Excessive friction in sleigh.

Belt needs tension. Tighten the belt.*

Replace mother board.*

Replace the control panel.*

Replace circuit board.*

Check if sleigh moves smoothly upwards with manual
force, if jammed, contact a TAWI authorised service
technician.*

Problem Likely caused by Action required

Belt transmission is worn in an inappro­priate way.

Noise from

belt drive

Brake has been misused. Replace rear wheels.

Brake does

not work

Wires or connections are loose.

Control panel is damaged.

Battey status

Charge indicator is

Emergency stop is activated.

display is not lit

LED has come loose from position.

Charger is broken.

not lit

Check belt and belt wheels for wear, replace if needed.*

Check wires and connections between mother board and
control panel.

Replace control panel.*

Deactivate emergency stop.

Check if LED has come loose. Fasten or replace if
necessary.

Replace battery charger.*

23

Tools

Problem Likely caused by Action required

Any faults of main unit. Check if main unit is working properly.

Overload protection is activated.

Actuators are damaged.

No electrical connection in slip
ring.

No signal from control panel.

Mother board is damaged.

Control board is damaged.

EasySqueeze arms do not move

Circuit board for squeeze function
damaged.

Any faults of main unit. Check if main unit is working properly.

Overload protection is activated.

Turn motor is damaged.

No signal from control panel.

Release pressure from ES arms, make sure lifted object is
in secure position before releasing pressure.

Replace actuators.*

Check connection in slip ring, replace if needed.*

Check signal from control panel to circuit board.*

Replace mother board.*

Replace control panel.*

Replace circuit board.*

Place center of gravity of load in rotation center.

Replace turn motor.*

Check signal from control panel to circuit board.*

Mother board is damaged.

Control board is damaged.

EasyTurn does not turn

EasyTurn does

not stop at pre-

Circuit board for turn function is
damaged.

Angle sensor broken. Replace angle sensor.*

No signal from control panel.

Circuit board for turn function is

dened angle

damaged.

Replace mother board.*

Replace control panel.*

Replace circuit board.*

Check signal from control panel to circuit board.*

Replace circuit board.*

24

Codes on the battery status display

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K

Message Action required

A. The battery needs charging.

B. There is a bad connection to the

motor.

C. The motor has a short circuit to a bat-

tery connection.

The lifter is shut down and needs charging. Switch it back on
and lower the tool to a safe level. Charge immediately.

Check all connections.

Contact a TAWI authorised service technician.

D. N/A

E. N/A

F. Sleepmode (follows a preset period of

inactivity, the function is there to save

Restart the lifter.

the battery).

G. Throttle fault.

H. Controller fault.

Make sure the throttle is in rest position before the lifter is
started.

Make sure all controller connections are secure.

J. N/A

K. An excessive voltage has been applied

to the control.

Often caused by a poor battery connection. Check the battery
connections.

25