Tabor Electronics 9100A, 9400, 9200A User Manual

User Manual

Models 9100A, 9200A

and 9400

SINGLE/DUAL/FOUR-CHANNEL, HIGH VOLTAGE

WIDEBAND POWER AMPLIFIER

Publication No. 090126

Tabor Electronics Ltd.

Tabor Electronics Ltd.

P.O. Box 404, Tel Hanan Israel 20302

Tel: [phone], FAX: [phone]

PUBLICATION DATE: January 26, 2009

Copyright 2006 by Tabor Electronics Ltd. Printed in Israel. All rights reserved. This book or parts thereof may
not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publisher.

WARRANTY STATEMENT

Products sold by Tabor Electronics Ltd. are warranted to be free from defects in workmanship or materials.
Tabor Electronics Ltd. will, at its option, either repair or replace any hardware products which prove to be de­fective during the warranty period. You are a valued customer. Our mission is to make any necessary repairs
in a reliable and timely manner.

Duration of Warranty

The warranty period for this Tabor Electronics Ltd. hardware is three years, except software and firmware
products designed for use with Tabor Electronics Ltd. Hardware is warranted not to fail to execute its pro­gramming instructions due to defect in materials or workmanship for a period of ninety (90) days from the
date of delivery to the initial end user.

Return of Product

Authorization is required from Tabor Electronics before you send us your product for service or calibration.
Call your nearest Tabor Electronics support facility. If you are unsure where to call, contact Tabor Electronics
Ltd. Tel Hanan, Israel at 972-4-821-3393 or via fax at 972-4-821-3388. We can be reached at:

[e-mail]

Limitation of Warranty

Tabor Electronics Ltd. shall be released from all obligations under this warranty in the event repairs or modifi­cations are made by persons other than authorized Tabor Electronics service personnel or without the written
consent of Tabor Electronics.

Tabor Electronics Ltd. expressly disclaims any liability to its customers, dealers and representatives and to
users of its product, and to any other person or persons, for special or consequential damages of any kind
and from any cause whatsoever arising out of or in any way connected with the manufacture, sale, handling,
repair, maintenance, replacement or use of said products.

Representations and warranties made by any person including dealers and representatives of Tabor Elec­tronics Ltd., which are inconsistent or in conflict with the terms of this warranty (including but not limited to the
limitations of the liability of Tabor Electronics Ltd. as set forth above), shall not be binding upon Tabor Elec­tronics Ltd. unless reduced to writing and approved by an officer of Tabor Electronics Ltd.

Except as stated above, Tabor Electronics Ltd. makes no warranty, express or implied (either in fact or by
operation of law), statutory or otherwise; and except to the extent stated above, Tabor Electronics Ltd. shall
have no liability under any warranty, express or implied (either in fact or by operation of law), statutory or oth­erwise.

PROPRIETARY NOTICE

This document and the technical data herein disclosed, are proprietary to Tabor Electronics, and shall not, without express
written permission of Tabor Electronics, be used, in whole or in part to solicit quotations from a competitive source or used
for manufacture by anyone other than Tabor Electronics. The information herein has been developed at private expense,
and may only be used for operation and maintenance reference purposes or for purposes of engineering evaluation and
incorporation into technical specifications and other documents, which specify procurement of products from Tabor Elec­tronics.

FOR YOUR SAFETY

Before undertaking any troubleshooting, maintenance or exploratory procedure, read care­fully the WARNINGS and CAUTION notices.

This equipment contains voltage hazardous
to human life and safety, and is capable of
inflicting personal injury.

If this instrument is to be powered from the AC line (mains) through an auto­transformer, ensure the common connector is connected to the neutral (earth
pole) of the power supply.

Before operating the unit, ensure the conductor (green wire) is connected to
the ground (earth) conductor of the power outlet. Do not use a two-conductor
extension cord or a three-prong/two-prong adapter. This will defeat the pro­tective feature of the third conductor in the power cord.

Maintenance and calibration procedures sometimes call for operation of the
unit with power applied and protective covers removed. Read the procedures
and heed warnings to avoid “live” circuit points.

Before operating this instrument:

1. Ensure the proper fuse is in place for the power source to operate.

2. Ensure all other devices connected to or in proximity to this instrument are properly
grounded or connected to the protective third-wire earth ground.

If the instrument:

- fails to operate satisfactorily

- shows visible damage

- has been stored under unfavorable conditions

- has sustained stress

Do not operate until, performance is checked by qualified personnel.

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

We: Tabor Electronics Ltd.
9 Hatasia Street, Tel Hanan
ISRAEL 36888

declare, that the 400Vp-p Signal Amplifiers

Models 9100A, 9200A and 9400

meet the intent of Directive 89/336/EEC for Electromagnetic Compatibility and complies
with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC amended by 93/68/EEC,
according to testing performed at ORDOS/E.M.I TEST LABs (#6TBR1083SX, May

2006). Compliance was demonstrated to the following specifications as listed in the
official Journal of the European Communities:

Safety:

IEC/EN 61010-1 2nd Edition:2001+ C1, C2

EMC:

EN 50081-1 Emissions:
EN 55022 - Radiated, Class B
EN 55022 - Conducted, Class B
EN 50082-1 Immunity:
IEC 801-2 (1991) - Electrostatic Discharge
IEC 801-3 / ENV50140 (1993) - RF Radiated
IEC 801-4 (1991) - Fast Transients

Models 9100A, 9200A and 9400 are built on the same platform and share specifications
and features except the 9100A is a single channel version, while the 9200A has two
channels and 9400 has four channels. The tests were performed on a typical
configuration.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 – INSTALLATION

Installation........................................................................................................................................................ 1-1

Installation Overview........................................................................................................................................1-1

Unpacking and Initial Inspection ...................................................................................................................... 1-1

Safety Precautions........................................................................................................................................... 1-1

Operating Environment.................................................................................................................................... 1-2

Power Requirements........................................................................................................................................ 1-2

Grounding Requirements.................................................................................................................................1-3

Calibration........................................................................................................................................................ 1-3

Abnormal Conditions........................................................................................................................................ 1-3

Long Term Storage or Repackaging For Shipment.........................................................................................1-3

Preparation for Use..........................................................................................................................................1-4

Bench Installation............................................................................................................................................. 1-4

Rack Mounting ................................................................................................................................................. 1-4

Chapter 2 - INTRODUCTION and OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

Introduction and Operating Instructions........................................................................................................... 2-1

What’s in This Chapter ................................................................................................................................2-1

Introduction.................................................................................................................................................. 2-1

Conventions Used in this Manual................................................................................................................ 2-4

9100A/9200A/9400 Feature Highlights........................................................................................................ 2-5

Options......................................................................................................................................................... 2-5

Manual Changes.......................................................................................................................................... 2-5

Specifications............................................................................................................................................... 2-5

Front Panel Controls and Indicators............................................................................................................ 2-6

Mains Power Switch and Indicator........................................................................................................... 2-6

High Voltage Switch and Indicator........................................................................................................... 2-6

Unipolar Mode Indicator........................................................................................................................... 2-6

Front Panel Connectors............................................................................................................................... 2-6

Inputs .......................................................................................................................................................2-7

Outputs..................................................................................................................................................... 2-7

Rear Panel Controls and Connectors.......................................................................................................... 2-8

Mains Input Receptacle ...........................................................................................................................2-8

AC Voltage Selector................................................................................................................................. 2-9

Mains Fuse............................................................................................................................................... 2-9

Unipolar Mode Selector ........................................................................................................................... 2-9

Output Monitor Connectors...................................................................................................................... 2-7

Grounding Considerations......................................................................................................................... 2-10

Basic Operating Instructions...................................................................................................................... 2-10

Operating Modes....................................................................................................................................... 2-12

Selecting an Operating Modes............................................................................................................... 2-12

Using the Normal Output Mode .........................................................................................................2-12

Using the Unipolar Output Mode............................................................................................................... 2-13

Chapter 3 - MAINTENANCE, PERFORMANCE CHECKS and ADJUSTMENTS

What’s in This Chapter .....................................................................................................................................3-1

Performance Checks........................................................................................................................................3-1

Environmental Conditions.................................................................................................................................3-1

Warm-up Period................................................................................................................................................3-2

Recommended Test Equipment.......................................................................................................................3-2

Test Procedures ...............................................................................................................................................3-2

Amplifier Gain Accuracy ...................................................................................................................................3-3

Gain Accuracy Tests....................................................................................................................................3-3

Amplifier Bandwidth..........................................................................................................................................3-4

Bandwidth, Large Signals ............................................................................................................................3-4

Bandwidth, Small Signals.............................................................................................................................3-4

Amplifier Pulse Response ................................................................................................................................3-5

Rise/Fall Time Tests.....................................................................................................................................3-5

Overshoot Tests...........................................................................................................................................3-6

Amplifier Distortion............................................................................................................................................3-6

Distortion Tests ............................................................................................................................................3-6

Adjustments Procedure....................................................................................................................................3-8

Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................3-8

Performance Checks........................................................................................................................................3-8

Environmental Conditions.................................................................................................................................3-8

Required Equipment.........................................................................................................................................3-9

Initial Checks ....................................................................................................................................................3-9

Calibration Procedures.....................................................................................................................................3-9

Gain Adjustment...........................................................................................................................................3-9

Bandwidth Adjustment ...............................................................................................................................3-10

Appendix A - SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................................................. A-1

ii

List of Figures

Figure 1-1. Dual Rack Mounting Option.................................................................................................. 1-5

Figure 2-1, Model 9100A – Single channel High Voltage Amplifier ........................................................ 2-3

Figure 2-2, Model 9200A – Dual channel High Voltage Amplifier........................................................... 2-3

Figure 2-3, Model 9400 – Four channel High Voltage Amplifier ............................................................. 2-4

Figure 2-4, Model 9400 – Rear Panel Controls and Connectors............................................................ 2-8

Figure 2-5, Normal, Bipolar Amplified Sine Waveform.......................................................................... 2-12

Figure 2-6, Amplified Unipolar Sine Waveform..................................................................................... 2-13

List of Tables

Table 3- 1, Recommended Test Equipment............................................................................................. 3-2

Table 3-2, Gain Accuracy Tests.............................................................................................................. 3-4

Table 3-3, Output Bandwidth, Large Signals Tests................................................................................. 3-5

Table 3-4, Output Bandwidth, Small Signals Tests................................................................................. 3-6

Table 3-5, Rise/Fall Time Tests .............................................................................................................. 3-6

Table 3-6, Overshoot Tests..................................................................................................................... 3-7

Table 3-7, Distortion Tests ...................................................................................................................... 3-8

Table 3-8, Monitor Outputs Gain Accuracy Tests ................................................................................... 3-9

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-1, Output Monitor Bandwidth Tests ................ 3-9

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-2, Output Monitor Aberrations Tests............. 3-10

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-3, Output Monitor Distortion Tests................ 3-11

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-4, Unipolar Mode Gain Accuracy Tests........ 3-12

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-5, Unipolar Mode Output Bandwidth, Large

Signals Tests......................................................................................................................................... 3-13

iii

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iv

Chapter 1

Installation

Installation
Overview

Unpacking and
Initial Inspection

Safety
Precautions

This chapter contains information and instructions necessary to
prepare the 9400 for operation. Details are provided for initial
inspection, grounding requirements, repackaging instructions for
storage or shipment and installation information.

NOTE

This manual is common to Models 9100A, 9200A
and Model 9400. All instruments are built on the
same platform and share specifications and
features except the 9100A is a single channel
version, the 9200 has two channels and 9400 has
four channels.

Unpacking and handling of the generator requires normal
precautions and procedures applicable to handling of sensitive
electronic equipment. The contents of all shipping containers should
be checked for included accessories and certified against the
packing slip to determine that the shipment is complete.

Extreme safety precautions should be observed before using this
product. Although some instruments and accessories would
normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations
where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified persons who recognize
shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required
to avoid possible injury. The following sections contain information
and cautions that must be observed to keep the 9400 operating in a
correct and safe environment.

9100A/9200A/9400

CAUTION

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test
cables, or any other instrument parts while power
is applied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS
remove power from the entire test system before
connecting cables or jumpers. Do not touch any
object that could provide a current path to the
common side of the circuit under test or power line
(earth) ground. Always keep your hands dry while
handling the instrument.

Operating
Environment

The 9400 is intended for indoor use and should be operated in a
clean, dry environment with an ambient temperature within the
range of 0 °C to 40 °C.

WARNING

The 9400 must not be operated in explosive,
dusty, or wet atmospheres. Avoid installation of
the module close to strong magnetic fields.

The design of the 9400 has been verified to conform to EN 61010-

nd

1 2

addition safety standard per the following limits: Installation

(Overvoltage) Category I (Measuring terminals) Pollution Degree

2.
Pollution Degree 2 refers to an operating environment where

normally only dry non-conductive pollution occurs. Occasionally a
temporary conductivity caused by condensation must be
expected.

1-2 Installation

9100A/9200A/9400

Power
Requirements

The 9400 operates from one of the following nominal sources:
100V, 115V, or 230V ac. Voltage selection is done using the rear­panel power line selector switch. The instrument operates over
the power mains frequency range of 47 to 63 Hz. Always verify
that the operating power mains voltage is the same as that
specified on the rear panel voltage selector switch.

The 9400 is supplied with the correct power line setting. If this
setting needs to be change, use a flat-head screwdriver to set the
Line Selector switch on the rear panel to the required position.

The instrument is not intended for operation from two phases of a
multi-phase ac system or across the legs of a single-phase,
three-wire ac power system. Crest factor (ratio of peak voltage to
rms) should be typically within the range of 1.3 to 1.6 at 10% of
the nominal rms mains voltage.

WARNING

DO not connect the line cord to the 9400 before
you verify the correct power line setting. Failure
to switch the instrument to match the operating
line voltage will damage the instrument and may
void the warranty.

Grounding
Requirements

Calibration

To conform to the applicable safety and EMC requirements,
ensure that the Model 9400 is “earth” grounded. Always connect
the power using the supplied power cord with the earth pin
connected securely to the wall mount socket.

Signals connected to the amplifier inputs and to the amplifier
outputs are grounded through the outer shell of the BNC
connectors. Never attempt to float the signal from case ground as
it may damage the source equipment.

The recommended calibration interval is three years. Calibration
should be performed by qualified personnel only.

Installation 1-3

9100A/9200A/9400

Abnormal
Conditions

Long Term
Storage or
Repackaging For
Shipment

Operate the 9400 only as intended by the manufacturer. If you
suspect the product has been impaired, remove the power cord
and secure against any unintended operation. The 9400
protection is likely to be impaired if, for example, the instrument
fails to perform the intended operation or shows visible damage.

WARNING

Any use of the 9400 in a manner not specified by
the manufacturer may impair the protection
provided by the instrument

If the instrument is to be stored for a long period of time or shipped
immediately, proceed as directed below. If you have any questions,
contact your local Tabor representative or the Tabor Customer
Service Department.

1. Repack the instrument using the wrappings, packing material
and accessories originally shipped with the unit. If the original
container is not available, purchase replacement materials.

2. Be sure the carton is well sealed with strong tape or metal
straps.

3. Mark the carton with the model and serial number. If it is to be

shipped, show sending and return address on two sides of the
box.

NOTE

If the instrument is to be shipped to Tabor for
calibration or repair, attach a tag to the instrument
identifying the owner. Note the problem,
symptoms, and service or repair desired. Record
the model and serial number of the instrument.
Show the returned authorization order number
(RMA) as well as the date and method of shipment.
ALWAYS OBTAIN A RETURN AUTHORIZATION
NUMBER FROM THE FACTORY BEFORE SHIPPING
THE INSTRUMENT TO TABOR.

1-4 Installation

9100A/9200A/9400

Preparation for
Use

Bench
Installation

Rack Mounting

Preparation for use includes removing the instrument from the box,
the bag and installing the 9400 either on the bench or in a 19” rack.
Chapter 2 of the manual contains operating instructions. Make sure
you read and understand the instructions in Chapter 2 before
turning on the device.

The 9400 dissipates large amount of power. No special cooling is
required. However, the instrument should not be operated where
the ambient temperature exceeds 40 °C, when the relative humidity
exceeds 80% or condensation appears anywhere on the
instrument. Avoid operating the instrument close to strong magnetic
fields, which may be found near high power equipment such as
motors, pumps, solenoids, or high power cables. Always leave 4 cm
(about 1.5 inches) of ventilation space on all sides of the
instrument.

The 9400 can be rack mounted inside a standard 19” rack. It can be
mounted using one of two configurations: 1) single, or 2) side-by­side. Tabor offers rack-mounting ears for both options. Consult the
factory for the appropriate part number.

Using the single rack mounting option, the 9400 is supplied with a
blank panel that covers the empty side. The case can be mounted
either on the left or the right of the rack with the blank panel
covering the empty space.

Side-by-side option is available only with other Tabor products. In
this case, the two boxes are latched in the middle and side ears
connect the assembly to the rack. Figure 1-1 shows how the 9400
can be mounted next to a dual-channel arb – Model 2572.

Use care when rack mounting to locate the instrument away from
sources of excessive heat or magnetic fields. Always leave 4 cm
(1.5 inches) of ventilation space on top and bottom sides of the
power amplifier.

Installation 1-5

9100A/9200A/9400

Figure

1-1, Dual Rack Mounting Option

1-6 Installation

Chapter 2

Introduction and Operating Instructions

What’s in This
Chapter

Introduction

This chapter contains general and functional description of the
Models 9100A, 9200A and 9400 – high voltage, wideband amplifier
series. It also describes the front and rear panel connectors,
operational modes and all features available with the instruments.

Description

Models 9100A, 9200A and 9400 were designed as a general
purpose series, wide band and high voltage amplifier however, with
specific applications in mind. It has up to four channels built in a
small case size to save space and cost but without compromising
bandwidth and signal integrity. The Model 9100A is shown in
Figure 2-1, model 9200A is shown in Figure 2-2 and model 9400 in
Figure 2-3. All instruments are built on the same platform and share
specifications and features except the 9100A is a single channel
version, the 9200A is a dual channel version and the 9400 has four
channels.

NOTE

This manual is common to Models 9100A, 9200A and
Model 9400. All instruments are built on the same
platform and share specifications and features except
the 9100A is a single channel version, the 9200 has
two channels and 9400 has four channels.

The 9400 is intended to operate as an amplifying buffer for signals
such as available from waveform, function, or pulse generators.
Most of these generators can produce signals that are limited to 20
Vp-p into high impedance, so the 9400 can be used to convert
these voltages to levels as high as 400 Vp-p.

The amplifier case was designed to stack on top or below other
Tabor products. It measures 2U high and ½ rack size. It also can
be mounted next to a Tabor generator in a standard 19” rack, as
shown in Figure 2-4. The arbitrary waveform and amplifier
combination is a perfect fit for almost every high-voltage, wide
bandwidth application.

9100A/9200A/9400

Four Channels

Each channel can output signals from -200 V to +200 V with
continuous currents up to 50 mA. The output has a fixed gain of
x50 and its output signal is driven from a 0.1 Ω source impedance.
Normal loads are expected to be of resistive nature however, with
some degradation of its bandwidth, the output can drive capacitive
loads up to 1 nF, while maintaining its full amplitude range. Each
channel has a rear-panel monitor output that divides the main
output signal by 100. Having an output monitor is extremely useful
in such applications that require monitoring of the output signal with
low voltage sensors.

Modes of Operation

The amplifier can be used in one of two modes of operation. The
first is normal mode where each channel amplifies and outputs
bipolar signals. In this mode, the input signal is amplified and
delivered to the output terminals without modification of its original
properties, except its amplitude level. Using this mode of operation,
each channel can be used separately to amplify a unique signal.

The second mode of operation is the unipolar mode where the
signal is applied to one input, rectified, amplified and output through
two separate outputs. Using this mode, the amplifier is converted to
a two-input, four-output system, specifically designed to operate the
up/down and right/left actuators of a typical MEMS micro engine, as
well as for other applications requiring the precise conversion of
bipolar to unipolar signals.

Safety

Safety played a major role during the design of the Model 9400.
The high voltage path to the amplifier circuit is blocked by a front
panel mechanical switch and accidental application of high power
to the UUT is prevented by a safety latch. The Model 9400 will
output high voltage signals only after the safety latch has been
lifted and the high voltage switch flipped to ON position. In
emergency situations, one can hit the protective latch to
immediately remove the high voltage power from the output
terminals. Also, red light glows on the front panel whenever the
high voltage is turned on. For added safety measures, the output
connectors are covered with protective caps to prevent accidental
touch of the inner pin of the output connector.

2-2 Introduction and Operating Instructions

9100A/9200A/9400

Figure

2-1, Model 9100A – Single-channel High Voltage Power Amplifier

Figure

2-2, Model 9200A – Dual-channel High Voltage Power Amplifier

Introduction and Operating Instructions 2-3

9100A/9200A/9400

Figure

Conventions
Used in this
Manual

2-3, Model 9400 – Four-channel High Voltage Power Amplifier

The following symbols may appear in this manual:

NOTE

A Note symbol contains information relating to the use of this
product

CAUTION

A Caution symbol contains information that should be followed to
avoid personal damage to the instrument or the equipment
connected to it

A Warning symbol alerts you to a potential hazard. Failure to
adhere to the statement in a WARNING message could result in
personal injury.

.

WARNING

2-4 Introduction and Operating Instructions

9100A/9200A/9400

9100A/9200A/9400
Feature Highlights

• Single, Dual or Four independent channels

• Precise signal amplification for multiple applications

• -200 to +200 V (400 Vp-p)

• Output current up to 50 mA per channel (100 mA per

channel in 9200A and 150 mA in 9100A)

• Full power bandwidth from DC to >500 kHz

• Special unipolar mode for MEMS engine drivers

• Monitor Outputs for each channel

• High voltage safety latch and output protective caps

prevent accidental shock hazards

• Compatible with any of the Tabor arbitrary waveform
generators

• Small case size

Options

Manual Changes

Specifications

There are no options offered with the model 9400.

Manual changes and addendums (if any) are added at the end of
the manual.

Instrument specifications are listed in Appendix A. These
specifications are the performance standards or limits against
which the instrument is tested. Specifications apply under the
following conditions:

1. Output terminated into matching impedance

30 minutes of warm up time

2.

3.

Within the temperature range of 20°C to 30°C. Specifications
outside this range are degraded by 0.1% per °C.

Introduction and Operating Instructions 2-5

9100A/9200A/9400

Front Panel
Controls and
Indicators

Mains Power
Switch and
Indicator

High Voltage
Switch and
Indicator

There are a few controls and indicators on the front panel. These
control and indicate the status of the Mains power and of the high
voltage output status. These controls are described in the following.
Refer to Figure 2-3 throughout the description.

The mains power switch turns the instrument on and off. The light
next to the switch illuminates when the power is on and turns off
when the power is removed from the amplifier. Note however, that
by turning the mains power on the high voltage path remains
disconnected from the internal circuit. Information how to turn the
high voltage on is given in the following.

The high voltage switch, latch and indicator are part of the safety
measures taken to avoid exposure to lethal voltage hazards. Note
the position of the latch. When in the down position, the high
voltage path to the output amplifiers is disconnected and no
hazardous voltages are present at the output terminals. One can
turn on the power to the output terminals only by lifting the safety
latch and switching the high voltage on with the HI-V switch. High
voltage on is indicated by a clear light at the center of the front
panel. Use extreme caution when the high voltage light is on to
avoid contact with the inner conductor of the BNC connector.

In case of emergency, hit the latch from the top. The mechanical
construction of the latch is specially made to flip the high voltage
switch to the off position and hence remove the high voltage from
the output terminals.

Unipolar Mode
Indicator

Front Panel
Connectors

2-6 Introduction and Operating Instructions

The Unipolar mode indicator illuminates when the unipolar mode
has been selected. For normal mode of operation, where all four
channels are used separately, the Unipolar indicator should be
turned off. Information how to use the unipolar mode is given later
in this chapter.

The 9400 has 8 BNC connectors on its front panel, four are
designated as INPUT and four are marked as OUTPUT. These
connectors are described below. Notice that for safety purpose, the
output connectors are covered with special caps. The caps are
permanently connected to the front panel with chains to keep them
from getting lost. For safety, always keep the caps latched on the

9100A/9200A/9400

connectors except when connecting the outputs to the device under
test.

Inputs

Outputs

The input connector accepts signals within the range of DC to over
500 kHz and amplifies them by a fixed gain of x50. Input
impedance is 1MΩ.

Note that the amplifier input can not tolerate high voltage therefore,
before applying the cable to the input connector, make sure your
signal does not exceed the input rating, as specified in Appendix A
of this manual.

When used in normal operating mode (Unipolar light is off), the
9400 can be used as four independent amplifier channels so each
of the input connectors can be connected to a different signal
source.

The output connectors output amplified signals. Output source
impedance is 0.1Ω. Each output connector can generate signals
from -200 V to +200 V with continuous currents up to 50 mA.

When used in normal operating mode (Unipolar light is off), the
9400 can be used as four independent amplifier channels so each
of the output connectors can be connected to a different load
circuit. Normal loads are expected to be of resistive nature
however, with some degradation of its bandwidth, the output can
drive capacitive loads up to 1 nF, while still maintaining its full
amplitude range.

Rear Panel

WARNING

Applying the output signal on highly inductive or
highly capacitive loads may damage the amplifier.

Notice that for safety purpose, the output connectors are covered
with special caps. The caps are permanently connected to the front
panel with chains to keep them from getting lost. For safety
reasons, always keep the caps latched on the output connectors
except when connecting the outputs to the device under test.

There are a number of connectors and controls on the rear panel.
These are used for applying mains power, selecting and protecting

Introduction and Operating Instructions 2-7

9100A/9200A/9400

Controls and
Connectors

Figure

the line voltage. Unipolar mode selector and output monitor
connectors are also available on the rear panel. Information on the
various controls and connectors on the rear panel is given in the
following. Refer to Figure 2-4 throughout the following description.

2-4, Model 9400 – Rear Panel Controls and Connectors

Mains Input
Receptacle

AC Voltage
Selector

The mains input receptacle is used for connecting mains power to
the instrument. The receptacle is a standard, three prong
connector. Mating cable is supplied with the instrument. Before you
connect the mains cable to the wall socket, make sure the AC
Voltage Selector switch is set to the correct voltage setting as
required for individual countries. Information how to install the
instrument and how to select the correct voltage setting is
described in Chapter 1.

You can leave the mains cable connected both the instrument end
and the wall socket as long as you power the amplifier down using
the front panel Power switch.

The AC voltage switch is used for selecting the mains voltage level
as required by individual countries. Two nominal voltage settings
are available: 115 V and 230 V. Special input setting is available for
countries using nominal 100 V and 200 V mains voltage however,
such special must be specified at the time of the purchase.

2-8 Introduction and Operating Instructions

9100A/9200A/9400

If specified at the time of purchase, the instrument will be supplied
with the switch set to the required voltage level however, it is
always considered good practice to check the setting before
connecting the instrument to the wall socket.

Mains Fuse

Unipolar Mode
Selector

Output Monitor
Connectors

The Mains fuse protects the mains input voltage from over current
and overload conditions. Fuse rating is specified in the manual and
instructions how to replace the fuse are given in Chapter 1. Always
replace the fuse with the same type and rating as specified in the
manual.

Note that there are two types of fuses used for various mains
voltage settings. Therefore, to avoid blowing fuses, always check
that your AC voltage selector switch is set to the appropriate
voltage setting before connecting the instrument to the wall socket.

The unipolar mode selector switch selects between two basic
operating modes, normal and unipolar. Information on these modes
is given in the following. The Model 9400 is operating in normal
mode when the switch is set to its outside position. The instrument
is operating in unipolar mode when the switch is pushed in and the
front panel Unipolar indicator illuminates.

The output monitor connectors duplicate the signal at the front
panel output connectors except the output signal is divided by 100.
These outputs are used for monitoring the output signal with low
voltage sensors.

Grounding
Considerations

The bandwidth of the output monitor connectors is the same as
specified for the main output connectors. There are four
connectors, designated as Channel 1 through 4, one for each
output channel.

Understanding how to connect your ground path could be critical to
preserving the integrity of your output signal. If you are using a
single-ended output then it will probably be safe for you to connect
the circuit ground to case ground. However, in applications
requiring floated ground connection, it is imperative that the
amplifier ground be made floating as well. Since the model 9400
has its signal ground always connected to the case ground, it is
recommended that you consult the factory for a special version of

Introduction and Operating Instructions 2-9

9100A/9200A/9400

floated signal ground.
Always bear in mind the following warning:

WARNING

Input and output grounds are tied together and
therefore, it is absolutely forbidden to connect the
output ground to a different level than the input
ground. Failure to adhere to this limitation may
damage the 9400 and the surrounding equipments,
that are connected to its I/O connectors.

Basic Operating
Instructions

Being a passive device, there are no controls, nor computer
programming required to operate the 9400. The following
procedure is recommended for proper operation of the high voltage
power amplifier:

1. Make sure your amplifier is turned off and that the High
Voltage latch is forced to its down position. This will assure
that the high voltage path to the output connectors will be
blocked when power is applied to the amplifier

2. If you intend to operate the amplifier using its standard,
bipolar operating mode, make sure the rear panel switch is
set to Unipolar Mode OFF position (push the switch in and
out to feel the action and select the outward position of the
switch). Information how to use the amplifier in unipolar
mode is given later in this manual.

3. Connect the mains power cord to the rear panel AC Line
Input receptacle

4. Connect the mains power cord to the wall power socket

5. Turn power on using the front panel POWER switch. Not that
the power on light illuminates

2-10 Introduction and Operating Instructions

6. Using standard BNC to BNC cables (not supplied with the
instrument), connect the source signal(s) to the amplifier
input(s). Make sure the source signal level does not exceed
the level as specified in Appendix A of this manual

7. Remove the protective caps from the output connector(s). As
precaution, leave the protective caps on the unused output

9100A/9200A/9400

connectors

8. Using standard BNC to BNC cables (not supplied with the

instrument), connect the terminals to your load

9. (Optional step) Using standard BNC to BNC cables (not

supplied with the instrument), connect the rear panel output
monitors to a sensing device. Sensing device could be such
as an oscilloscope, DMM, digital recorder, or any other
sensing device, as long as its input impedance matches the
impedance as specified in Appendix A of this manual

WARNING

The following steps involve application of high
voltage to the output terminals. Voltage level could
be lethal, if any of the output wires is being
touched. Always keep safety distance from the
9400, its output terminals and the high voltage
path to the load circuit when high voltage is turned
on.

Operating Modes

10. Note the warning above and flip open the high voltage safety

latch on the high voltage switch

11. Flip the high voltage switch to its ON position and note that

the front panel High Voltage ON light illuminates. Amplified
signal is now available at the load circuit and the signal itself
can be monitored on the rear panel connectors

The amplifier can be used in one of two modes of operation. The
first is normal mode where each channel amplifies and outputs
bipolar signals. The second mode of operation is the unipolar mode
where the signal is applied to one input, rectified, amplified and
output through two separate outputs. Description how to select the
operating mode and how to use the 9400 in each mode is given
below.

Introduction and Operating Instructions 2-11

9100A/9200A/9400

Selecting an
Operating Modes

Using the Normal
Output Mode

The 9400 operating mode is selected using a rear panel switch,
which is labeled as UNIPOLAR MODE. Normal (bipolar) operating
mode is selected in the out position and unipolar mode is selected
when the switch is pushed in.

Using the normal, bipolar mode, the input signal is amplified and
delivered to the output terminals without modification of its original
properties, except its amplitude level. Using this mode of operation,
each channel can be used separately to amplify a unique signal.
So, normal mode of operation provides four separate amplifier
channels, labeled CH1 through CH4. Figure 2-5 shows an amplified
signal using the normal mode of operation.

CH1 Output

Figure

Using the Unipolar
Output Mode

2-12 Introduction and Operating Instructions

2-5, Normal, Bipolar Amplified Sine Waveform

Using the unipolar mode, the amplifier is converted to a two-input,
four-output system. Typical applications for this mode of operation
are to operate the up/down and right/left actuators of a typical
MEMS micro engine, as well as for other applications requiring the
precise conversion of bipolar to unipolar signals. Figure 2-6 shows
typical sine waveform which is rectified and converted to two
unipolar half sines. Note that channel 2 signal is shifted by 180°
from the channel 1 output.

9100A/9200A/9400

CH1 Output

CH2 Output

Figure

2-6, Amplified Unipolar Sine Waveform

Introduction and Operating Instructions 2-13

9100A/9200A/9400

This page was intentionally left blank

2-14 Introduction and Operating Instructions

Chapter 3

Performance Checks and Adjustments

What’s in This
Chapter

This chapter provides performance tests necessary to troubleshoot the
Model 9400 – four-channel, wideband power amplifier. If you
purchased the Models 9100A or 9200A, please ignore all references
to the third and forth channels.

WARNING

The procedures described in this section are for use only
by qualified service personnel. Many of the steps covered
in this section may expose the individual to potentially
lethal voltages that could result in personal injury or death
if normal safety precautions are not observed.

CAUTION

ALWAYS PERFORM PERFORMANCE TESTS IN A STATIC
SAFE WORKSTATION.

Performance
Checks

The following performance checks verify proper operation of the
instrument and should normally be used:

1. As a part of the incoming inspection of the instrument
specifications;

2. As part of the troubleshooting procedure;

3. After any repair or adjustment before returning the instrument to
regular service.

9100A/9200A/9400

Environmental
Conditions

Warm-up Period

Initial Instrument
Setting

Recommended
Test Equipment

Tests should be performed under laboratory conditions having an
ambient temperature of 25°C, ±5°C and at relative humidity of less
than 80%. If the instrument has been subjected to conditions outside
these ranges, allow at least one additional hour for the instrument to
stabilize before beginning the adjustment procedure.

Most equipment is subject to a small amount of drift when it is first
turned on. To ensure accuracy, turn on the power to the 9400 and
allow it to warm-up for at least 30 minutes before beginning the
performance test procedure.

To avoid confusion as to which initial setting is to be used for each
test, it is required that the high voltage be turned off prior to each test.
To turn the high voltage off, hit on the top of the latch and observe that
the High Voltage On light turns off.

Recommended test equipment for troubleshooting, calibration and
performance checking is listed in Table 3-1 below. Test instruments
other than those listed may be used only if their specifications equal or
exceed the required characteristics.

Equipment Model No. Manufacturer
Oscilloscope LT342 LeCroy
Distortion Analyzer 6900B Krohn Hite
Digital Multimeter 2000 Keithley
Waveform Generator WW2572 Tabor Electronics
100:1 High voltage Probe 6498 Pomona Electronics
4 kΩ/20W Load Resistance

Test Procedures

Table

3-1, Recommended Test Equipment

Tabor Electronics

Use the following procedures to check the Model 9400 against the
specifications. A complete set of specifications is listed in Appendix A.
The following paragraphs show how to set up the instrument for the
test, what the specifications for the tested function are, and what
acceptable limits for the test are. If the instrument fails to perform
within the specified limits, the instrument must be calibrated or tested
to find the source of the problem.

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-2

9100A/9200A/9400

WARNING

The output connectors of the Model 9400 produce voltages
up to 400Vp-p. The procedures described in this section
are for use only by trained and qualified service personnel.
Many of the steps covered in this section may expose the
individual to potentially lethal voltages that could result in
personal injury or death if extreme safety precautions are
not observed. Do not attempt to perform any of the
following tests except if you were trained and advised
specifically on the hazards involve. Never have your hands
on the cables while performing the test procedures.

In case of emergency, hit the high voltage latch from the
top; This action will remove the high voltage from the
output amplifiers and will provide safe access to the unit
under test.

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-3

9100A/9200A/9400

Amplifier Gain
Accuracy

Gain Accuracy Tests

Amplifier gain accuracy checks the gain accuracy of the power
amplifier. Each channel has its own power amplifier and therefore, the
accuracy is tested on each channel separately.

Equipment: DMM, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, Load Resistance,
50Ω feedthrough terminator

Preparation:

1. Configure the DMM as follows:
Function: ACV
Range: 200V

2. Connect the 9400 Channel 1 output to the DMM input. Attach

the load resistance at the input terminals of the DMM

3. Configure the Waveform Generator as follows:
Frequency: 1kHz
Output: On
Amplitude: As required for the test

4. Connect the waveform generator to Channel 1 input. Terminate

the waveform generator using the 50Ω feedthrough terminator at
the 9400 input

Test Procedure

1. Perform Gain Accuracy tests on channel 1 output using Table
3-2

2. Use the same procedure to check channels 2, 3 and 4

Table

Arb Amplitude DMM Reading

Setting Error Limits CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 Pass Fail

2 Vp-p
4 Vp-p
6 Vp-p
8 Vp-p

Amplifier
Bandwidth

Bandwidth, Large
Signals

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-4

35.4 V, ±0.7 V

70.75 V, ±1.4 V

106.1V, ±2.1 V

141.4 V, ±2.8 V

Amplifier bandwidth checks the bandwidth of the output. Each channel
has a different response and therefore, the bandwidth is tested on
each channel separately. The amplifier responds differently to small
and large signals and therefore its bandwidth is checked for ea ch type
of level

Equipment: Oscilloscope, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, Load
Resistance, x100 high voltage probe, 50Ω feedthrough terminator

3-2, Gain Accuracy Tests

9100A/9200A/9400

Arb Frequency Oscilloscope Reading

Setting Error Limits CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 Pass Fail

1 kHz 6 Divisions
100 kHz 6 ±0.5 Divisions
400 kHz 6 ±1 Divisions
550 kHz 6 ±1.8 Divisions

Preparation:

1. Configure the Oscilloscope as follows:

2. Connect the 9400 Channel 1 output to the load resistance

3. Connect the x100 high voltage probe across the load resistance

4. Configure the Waveform Generator as follows:

5. Connect the waveform generator to Channel 1 input. Terminate

Test Procedure

1. Using the variable vertical adjustment on the oscilloscope,

2. Perform bandwidth, large signals tests on channel 1 output

3. Use the same procedure to check channels 2, 3 and 4

Table

3-3, Output Bandwidth, Large Signals Tests

Time Base: 200 μs/div
Amplitude: 50 V/div

Amplitude: 8 V
Output: On
Frequency: As required for the tests

the waveform generator using the 50Ω feedthrough terminator at
the 9400 input

adjust the vertical trace to show exactly 6 vertical divisions
using Table 3-3

Bandwidth, Small
Signals

Equipment: Oscilloscope, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, Load
Resistance, 50Ω feedthrough terminator

Preparation:

1. Configure the Oscilloscope as follows:
Time Base: 200 μs/div
Amplitude: 5 V/div

2. Connect the 9400 Channel 1 output to the Oscilloscope input.

Attach the load resistance at the input terminals of the
oscilloscope

3. Configure the Waveform Generator as follows:
Amplitude: 200 mV
Output: On
Frequency: As required for the tests

4. Connect the waveform generator to Channel 1 input. Terminate

the waveform generator using the 50Ω feedthrough terminator at
the 9400 input

Test Procedure

1. Using the variable vertical adjustment on the oscilloscope,

adjust the vertical trace to show exactly 6 vertical divisions

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-5

9100A/9200A/9400

2. Perform bandwidth, small signals tests on channel 1 output
using Table 3-4

3. Use the same procedure to check channels 2, 3 and 4

Table

Arb Frequency Oscilloscope Reading

Setting Error Limits CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 Pass Fail

1 kHz 6 Divisions

500 kHz 6 ±0.5 Divisions

1 MHz 6 ±1.8 Divisions

1.8 MHz 6 ±1.8 Divisions

Amplifier Pulse
Response

Rise/Fall Time Tests

3-4, Output Bandwidth, Small Signals Tests

Amplifier pulse response checks the aberrations, which include rise
and fall times, overshoot and undershoot. Each channel has a
different response and therefore, the pul se response is tested on e ach
channel separately.

Equipment: Oscilloscope, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, Load
Resistance, x100 high voltage probe, 50Ω feedthrough terminator

Preparation:

1. Configure the Oscilloscope as follows:

Time Base: 500ns
Amplitude: 100 V/div

2. Connect the 9400 Channel 1 output to the load resistance

3. Connect the x100 high voltage probe across the load resistance

4. Configure the Waveform Generator as follows:

Amplitude: 8 V
Function: Square wave
Output: On
Frequency: 50 kHz

5. Connect the waveform generator to Channel 1 input. Terminate
the waveform generator using the 50Ω feedthrough terminator at
the 9400 input

Test Procedure

Parameter Oscilloscope Reading

Tested Error Limits CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 Pass Fail

Rise Time
Fall Time

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-6

<1 μs
<1 μs

1. Using the variable vertical adjustment on the oscilloscope,
adjust the vertical trace to show exactly 6 vertical divisions

2. Perform rise/fall time tests on channel 1 output using Table 3-5

3. Use the same procedure to check channels 2, 3 and 4

Table

3-5, Rise/Fall Time Tests

9100A/9200A/9400

Overshoot Tests

Equipment: Oscilloscope, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, Load
Resistance, x100 high voltage probe, 50Ω feedthrough terminator

Preparation:

1. Configure the Oscilloscope as follows:

Time Base: 500ns
Amplitude: 100 V/div

2. Connect the 9400 Channel 1 output to the load resistance

3. Connect the x100 high voltage probe across the load resistance

4. Configure the Waveform Generator as follows:

Amplitude: 6.4 V
Function: Square wave
Output: On
Frequency: 50 kHz

5. Connect the waveform generator to Channel 1 input. Terminate

the waveform generator using the 50Ω feedthrough terminator at
the 9400 input

Test Procedure

1. Using the variable vertical adjustment on the oscilloscope,

adjust the vertical trace to show exactly 6 vertical divisions

2. Perform overshoot tests on channel 1 output using Table 3-6

3. Use the same procedure to check channels 2, 3 and 4

Table

Parameter Oscilloscope Reading

Tested Error Limits CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 Pass Fail

Overshoot 10%

Amplifier
Distortion

Distortion Tests

Amplifier distortion checks the quality of the output against pure sine
waveforms characteristics. Each channel has a different response and
therefore, the distortion is tested on each channel separately.

Equipment: Distortion Analyzer, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, Load
Resistance, x100 high voltage probe, 50Ω feedthrough terminator

Preparation:

1. Connect the 9400 Channel 1 output to the load resistance

2. Connect the x100 high voltage probe across the load resistance

3. Connect the high voltage probe to the distortion analyzer input

4. Configure the Waveform Generator as follows:

3-6, Overshoot Tests

Amplitude: 8 V
Function: Sine wave
Output: On

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-7

9100A/9200A/9400

Frequency: As required for the tests

5. Connect the waveform generator to Channel 1 input. Terminate
the waveform generator using the 50Ω feedthrough terminator at
the 9400 input

Test Procedure

1. Perform Aberrations tests on channel 1 output using Table 3-7

2. Use the same procedure to check channels 2, 3 and 4

Table 3-7, Distortion Tests

Arb Frequency Distortion Meter Reading

Setting Error Limits CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 Pass Fail

5 kHz <0.08%

50 kHz <0.08%
100 kHz <0.15%
200 kHz <0.65%

Monitor Output
Characteristics

Gain Accuracy Tests

The monitor outputs are used for monitoring the high voltage signals
using low amplitude tools. In general, the gain, bandwidth, pulse
response and sinewave distortions should be very similar to those
characterized by the main outputs however, since the outputs are
used for monitoring purpose only, some of the characteristics are
relaxed. Each channel has its own monitor output and therefore, the
characteristics are tested on each channel separately.

Equipment: DMM, Arbitrary Waveform Generato r, 50Ω feedthrough
terminator

Preparation:

1. Configure the DMM as follows:
Function: ACV
Range: 4V

2. Connect the 9400 Channel 1 monitor output to the DMM input

3. Configure the Waveform Generator as follows:
Frequency: 1kHz
Output: On
Amplitude: As required for the test

4. Connect the waveform generator to Channel 1 input. Terminate

the waveform generator using the 50Ω feedthrough terminator at
the 9400 input

Test Procedure

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-8

1. Perform Gain Accuracy tests on channel 1 monitor output using

Table 3-8

2. Use the same procedure to check channels 2, 3 and 4

9100A/9200A/9400

Table 3-8, Monitor Outputs Gain Accuracy Tests

Arb Amplitude DMM Reading

Setting Error Limits CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 Pass Fail

2 V
4 V
6 V
8 V

350 mV, ±3 mV

710 mV, ±70 mV

1.06 V, ±100 mV

1.41 V, ±140 mV

Bandwidth Tests

Equipment: Oscilloscope, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, 50Ω
feedthrough terminator

Preparation:

1. Configure the Oscilloscope as follows:
Time Base: 200 μs/div
Amplitude: 1 V/div

2. Connect the 9400 Channel 1 output monitor to the Oscilloscope

input

3. Configure the Waveform Generator as follows:
Amplitude: 8 V
Output: On
Frequency: As required for the tests

4. Connect the waveform generator to Channel 1 input. Terminate

the waveform generator using the 50Ω feedthrough terminator at
the 9400 input

Test Procedure

1. Using the variable vertical adjustment on the oscilloscope,

adjust the vertical trace to show exactly 6 vertical divisions

2. Perform bandwidth tests on channel 1 output monitor using

Table 3-9

3. Use the same procedure to check channels 2, 3 and 4

Arb Frequency Oscilloscope Reading

Setting Error Limits CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 Pass Fail

1 kHz 6 Divisions
100 kHz 6 ±0.5 Divisions
400 kHz 6 ±1 Divisions
550 kHz 6 ±1.8 Divisions

Rise/Fall Time Tests

Table

3-9, Output Monitor Bandwidth Tests

Equipment: Oscilloscope, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, 50Ω
feedthrough terminator

Preparation:

1. Configure the Oscilloscope as follows:
Time Base: 500

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-9

9100A/9200A/9400

Amplitude: 1 V/div

2. Connect the 9400 Channel 1 output monitor to the Oscilloscope
input.

3. Configure the Waveform Generator as follows:

Amplitude: 8 V
Function: Square wave
Output: On
Frequency: 50 kHz

4. Connect the waveform generator to Channel 1 input. Terminate
the waveform generator using the 50Ω feedthrough terminator at
the 9400 input

Test Procedure

1. Using the variable vertical adjustment on the oscilloscope,
adjust the vertical trace to show exactly 6 vertical divisions

2. Perform rise/fall time tests on channel 1 output using Table 3­10

3. Use the same procedure to check channels 2, 3 and 4

Table

Parameter Oscilloscope Reading

Tested Error Limits CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 Pass Fail

Rise Time
Fall Time

Distortion Tests

3-10, Output Monitor Aberrations Tests

<1 μs
<1 μs

Equipment: Distortion Analyzer, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, 50Ω
feedthrough terminator

Preparation:

1. Connect the 9400 Channel 1 output monitor to the distortion
analyzer input.

2. Configure the Waveform Generator as follows:

Amplitude: 8 V
Function: Sine wave
Output: On
Frequency: As required for the tests

3. Connect the waveform generator to Channel 1 input. Terminate
the waveform generator using the 50Ω feedthrough terminator at
the 9400 input

Test Procedure

1. Perform Aberrations tests on channel 1 output using Table 3-11

2. Use the same procedure to check channels 2, 3 and 4

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-10

9100A/9200A/9400

Table 3-11, Output Monitor Distortion Tests

Arb Frequency Distortion Meter Reading

Setting Error Limits CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 Pass Fail

1 kHz <0.08%

50 kHz <0.08%
100 kHz <0.15%
200 kHz <0.65%

Unipolar Mode
Characteristics

Unipolar Mode
Indication

The unipolar mode is used for generating half wave unipolar sine
signals for applications such as actuating MEMS micro engines. Using
this mode, single sine input is routed through a bridge rectifier and
converted to the two halves of sine waveforms, which are 180° phase
offset between the two halves and both waveforms have unipolar
positive amplitude span. The following tests check the characteristics
of the unipolar circuit.

Equipment: Model 9400
Preparation:

1. Locate the Unipolar Mode selector switch on the rear panel

2. Locate the Unipolar Mode indicator light on the front panel

Test Procedure

1. Press the rear-panel switch in and out and note the front panel
Unipolar Mode indications:
a. The light should be ON when the switch is depressed,

indicating the Unipolar Model has been selected

b. The light should be OFF when the switch is in its outward

position, indicating the Unipolar Model has been removed

Test Results

Pass Fail

NOTE

The following tests check the characteristics of the 9400
when placed in Unipolar Mode. Depress the rear-panel
Unipolar Mode switch and make sure the front-panel
Unipolar Mode indicator is turned on. DO not change this
mode for the remaining of the performance tests.

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-11

9100A/9200A/9400

Gain Accuracy Tests

Table

Equipment: DMM, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, Load Resistance,
50Ω feedthrough terminator

Preparation:

1. Configure the DMM as follows:
Function: ACV
Range: 200V

2. Connect the 9400 Channel 1 output to the DMM input. Attach

the load resistance at the input terminals of the DMM

3. Configure the Waveform Generator as follows:
Frequency: 1kHz
Output: On
Amplitude: As required for the test

4. Connect the waveform generator to Channel 1 input. Terminate

the waveform generator using the 50Ω feedthrough terminator at
the 9400 input

Test Procedure

1. Perform Gain Accuracy tests on channel 1 and channel 2

outputs using Table 3-12

2. Use the same procedure to check channels 3 and 4

3-12, Unipolar Mode Gain Accuracy Tests

Arb Amplitude DMM Reading

Setting Error Limits CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 Pass Fail

2 Vp-p
4 Vp-p
6 Vp-p
8 Vp-p

Bandwidth

19.30 V, ±2 V

38.45 V, ±4 V

57.95 V, ±6 V

76.80 V, ±8 V

Equipment: Oscilloscope, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, Load
Resistance, x100 high voltage probe, 50Ω feedthrough terminator

Preparation:

1. Configure the Oscilloscope as follows:
Time Base: 200 μs/div
Amplitude: 20 V/div

2. Connect the 9400 Channel 1 output to the load resistance

3. Connect the x100 high voltage probe across the load resistance

4. Configure the Waveform Generator as follows:
Amplitude: 8 V
Output: On
Frequency: As required for the tests

Test Procedure

1. Using the variable vertical adjustment on the oscilloscope,

adjust the vertical trace to show exactly 6 vertical divisions

2. Perform bandwidth, large signals tests on channel 1 and

channel 2 outputs using Table 3-13

3. Use the same procedure to check channels 3 and 4

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-12

9100A/9200A/9400

Table

3-13, Unipolar Mode Output Bandwidth, Large Signals Tests

Arb Frequency Oscilloscope Reading

Setting Error Limits CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 Pass Fail

1 kHz 6 Divisions
100 kHz 6 ±0.5 Divisions
200 kHz 6 ±1 Divisions

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-13

9100A/9200A/9400

Adjustments
Procedure

CAUTION

RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK

DO NOT OPEN

Introduction

WARNING

The procedures described in this section are for use only
by qualified service personnel. Many of the steps covered
in this section may expose the individual to potentially
lethal voltages that could result in personal injury or death
if normal safety precautions are not observed.

This section contains the calibration procedure for the 9400 – high
voltage quad power amplifier. A list of specifications is given in
Appendix A of the Operations Manual. The adjustments that are
described in this document are for use by qualified service personnel
only. Do not perform these procedures unless qualified to do so. This
procedure is intended to be used once before complete and final
performance verification to verify that the 9400 meets its published
specifications.

Performance
Checks

Environmental
Conditions

Do not attempt to calibrate the amplifier before you verify that there is
no problem with the functionality of the product. A complete set of
specification is listed in Appendix A. If the instrument fails to perform
within the specified limits, the instrument must be tested to find the
source of the problem.

In case there is a reasonable suspicion that an electrical problem
exist within the 9400, perform a complete performance checks as
given in this chapter to verify proper operation of the instrument.

The 9400 can operate from 0°C to 40°C. Calibration should be
performed under laboratory conditions having an ambient temperature
of 25°C, ±5°C and at relative humidity of less than 80%. Turn on the
power to the 9400 and allow it to warm up for at least 15 minutes
before beginning the adjustment procedure. If the instrument has been
subjected to conditions outside these ranges, allow at least one
additional hour for the instrument to stabilize before beginning the
adjustment procedure.

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-14

9100A/9200A/9400

Required
Equipment

Initial Checks

Recommended equipment for calibration is listed in Table 3-1.
Instruments other than those listed may be used only if their
specifications equal or exceed the required minimal characteristics.
Also listed below are accessories required for calibration.

Proper calibration depends on healthy functionality of the 9400. These
initial checks are performed with the cover removed so take extra
precautions not to touch components or metal parts inside the 9400.
Always turn the power off and remove the power cord from the rear
panel Mains receptacle, if you are not sure or feel safe with any part
you are about to touch.

Before you perform the adjustments, verify that the 9400 operates
within the following conditions:

1. Turn Power on and observe that the power light turns on and the
fan is rotating and blowing air. Air is normally circulated from the
inside of the box.

2. Identify C105. Using a DMM measure the voltage drop across this
capacitor. Measurement should verify 12 Vdc, ±5%

3. Lift the front panel high voltage protection latch and turn on the
high voltage. Note that the High Voltage light turns on.

Calibration
Procedures

Gain Adjustment

4. Identify C38, C65, C84 and C110. Using a DMM measure the
voltage drop across these capacitors. Measurement should verify
218 Vdc, ±2%

5. Identify C37, C83, C63 and C109. Using a DMM measure the
voltage drop across these capacitors. Measurement should verify ­218 Vdc, ±2%

6. Close the covers and allow the 9400 to stabilize its operating
voltage conditions.

Use the following procedures to calibrate the Model 9400. The
following paragraphs show how to set up the instrument for calibration
and what the acceptable calibration limits are. Calibration must be
performed with the high voltage turned on. To turn the high voltage on,
lift the protective latch and flip the high voltage switch ON.

Equipment: Waveform Generator, DMM, Load Resistance, 50Ω
feedthrough terminator

Preparation (use the same procedure for channels 1 through 4):

1. Configure the DMM as follows:

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-15

9100A/9200A/9400

Function: ACV
Range: 200 V

2. Connect the 9400 Channel 1 (then 2, 3 and 4) output to the
DMM input. Terminate the signal with the load resistance at the
DMM input

3. Configure the waveform generator as follows:

Waveform: Sine
Frequency: 1 kHz
Amplitude: 8 V

4. Connect the waveform generator output to the 9400 Channel
1(then 2, 3 and 4) input. Use 50Ω feedthrough terminator at the
9400 input

Adjustment:

1. Identify the trimmers for each channel and make the
adjustments below for a DMM reading of 141.42 Vac, ±1%

2. For channel 1, adjust RV6 (course) and RV1 (fine)

3. For channel 2, adjust RV8 (course) and RV2 (fine)

4. For channel 3, adjust RV10 (course) and RV3 (fine)

5. For channel 4, adjust RV12 (course) and RV4 (fine)

Bandwidth
Adjustment, Main
Outputs

Equipment: Waveform Generator, Oscilloscope, x100 high voltage
probe, Load Resistance, 50Ω feedthrough terminator

Preparation (use the same procedure for channels 1 through 4):

1. Configure the oscilloscope as follows:

Time Base: 100 ns/div
Amplitude: 10 V initially, then use variable mode to

adjust to 6 vertical divisions

2. Connect the 9400 Channel 1 (then 2, 3 and 4) output to the load
resistance. Connect the oscilloscope using the x100 probe
across the load resistance

3. Configure the waveform generator as follows:

Waveform: Square
Frequency: 50 kHz
Amplitude: 8 V

4. Connect the waveform generator output to the 9400 Channel
1(then 2, 3 and 4) input. Use 50Ω feedthrough terminator at the
9400 input

Adjustment:

1. Identify the trimmers for each channel and make the
adjustments below for rise/fall time of <1 μs

2. For channel 1, adjust C43

3. For channel 2, adjust C64

4. For channel 3, adjust C85

5. For channel 4, adjust C113

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-16

9100A/9200A/9400

Bandwidth
Adjustment, Monitor
Outputs

Equipment: Waveform Generator, Oscilloscope, x100 high voltage
probe, Load Resistance, 50Ω feedthrough terminator

Preparation (use the same procedure for channels 1 through 4):

1. Configure the oscilloscope as follows:

Time Base: 50 ns/div
Amplitude: 10 V initially, then use variable mode to

adjust to 6 vertical divisions

2. Connect the 9400 Channel 1 (then 2, 3 and 4) output to the load

resistance.

3. Connect the Channel 1 (then 2, 3 and 4) monitor output to the

oscilloscope

4. Configure the waveform generator as follows:

Waveform: Square
Frequency: 1 kHz
Amplitude: 8 V

5. Connect the waveform generator output to the 9400 Channel

1(then 2, 3 and 4) input. Use 50Ω feedthrough terminator at the
9400 input

Adjustment:

1. Identify the trimmers for each channel and make the

adjustments below for rise time of 1 μs, ±100 ns

2. For channel 1, adjust RV5

3. For channel 2, adjust RV7

4. For channel 3, adjust RV9

5. For channel 4, adjust RV11

6. Modify the waveform generator frequency to 50 kHz and check

the adjustments. If results are not within the specified limits
alternate between 1 kHz and 50 kHz until adjustments until the
best result is achieved.

TIP

Always compare the pulse response from the monitor
outputs to the main outputs. Place the traces from both
outputs on the oscilloscope and, if necessary, re-touch the
adjustments (steps 2 through 5 above) until main and
monitor waveforms overlap as best as practical and
rise/fall times measurements fall within the specified limits.

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-17

9100A/9200A/9400

Maintenance and Performance Checks 3-18

Appendix A

9100A/9200A/9400 SPECIFICATIONS

Configuration

Amplifier Channels
9100 One single-ended output, bipolar voltage span;
9200 4 separate inputs and four single-ended outputs, bipolar voltage
span;
1 input, having two output channels with 180° phase offset, unipolar
voltage span
9400 2 separate inputs and two single-ended outputs, bipolar voltage
span;
2 separate inputs, each having two output channels with 180° phase
offset, unipolar voltage span

Input Characteristics

Connectors BNC
Impedance 1MΩ 
Coupling DC
Amplitude Level 8 Vp-p (-4 to +4 V peaks)
Frequency Range DC to >500 kHz (full power bandwidth); DC to >200 kHz, unipolar mode

Output Characteristics

General

Connector BNC
Impedance 0.1Ω
Load impedance Resistive, recommended for full power bandwidth spec, load resistance

limited by the output current ; Capacitive, up to 100 pF has minimal effect

on bandwidth, 1 nF reduces the full power bandwidth to 100 kHz
Coupling DC
Protection Short-circuit, 10 seconds
Gain x50, fixed
Polarity Output normal; half wave rectified
Amplitude 0 to 400 Vp-p (-200 to +200 V); 0 to +200 V, unipolar mode

Square Wave Characteristics

Transition Time <1μs
Aberrations <10%

Sine Wave Characteristics

Small Signal

Bandwidth (-3dB) 1.5 MHz, at 20 Vp-p

Large Signal

Bandwidth (-3dB) 500 kHz, at 400 Vp-p
Accuracy ±(2% of full-scale amplitude range + 50 mV), Square wave at 1 kHz
THD <0.1%, 10 Hz to 50 kHz; <0.8%, 50 kHz to 200 kHz

Specifications A-1

Output Monitor Characteristics

Connectors BNC (rear panel)
Source Impedance 3 kΩ
Load impedance 1 MΩ

Ratio 100:1,

±10%

General

Physical Size 2U, half-rack size
Power Requirements 100V/115V/230V, 47 to 63 Hz, <150 VA; <120W
Weight: Approximately 14 lbs (6.5 kg)
Signal Ground Connected to case ground
EMC Certification CE marked
Reliability MTBF per MIL-HDBK-217E, 25 °C, Ground Benign
Safety Designed to meet IEC EN61010-1, UL 3111-1
Workmanship Std. Conform to IPC-A-610D
Warranty: 3 years standard. Extended warranty available upon request

Environmental

Operating Temperature 0 °C - 40 °C, RH 80% (non-condensing)
Storage Temperature -30 °C to +80 °C

Specifications A-2