Tabor Electronics 5064, 1074, 2074 User Manual

Models 5064 / 1074 / 2074

50 / 100 / 200 MS/s Four Channel

Arbitrary Waveform Generator

Publication No. 070307

Tabor Electronics Ltd.

Tabor Electronics Ltd.

P.O. Box 404, Tel Hanan Israel 20302

Tel: [phone], FAX: [phone]

PUBLICATION DATE: July 15, 2015

Copyright 2005 by Tabor Electronics Ltd. Printed in Israel. All rights reserved. This book or parts thereof may
not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publisher.

WARRANTY STATEMENT

Products sold by Tabor Electronics Ltd. are warranted to be free from defects in workmanship or materials.
Tabor Electronics Ltd. will, at its option, either repair or replace any hardware products which prove to be de­fective during the warranty period. You are a valued customer. Our mission is to make any necessary repairs
in a reliable and timely manner.

Duration of Warranty

The warranty period for this Tabor Electronics Ltd. hardware is three years, except software and firmware
products designed for use with Tabor Electronics Ltd. Hardware is warranted not to fail to execute its pro­gramming instructions due to defect in materials or workmanship for a period of ninety (90) days from the date
of delivery to the initial end user.

Return of Product

Authorization is required from Tabor Electronics before you send us your product for service or calibration.
Call your nearest Tabor Electronics support facility. A list is located on the last page of this manual. If you are
unsure where to call, contact Tabor Electronics Ltd. Tel Hanan, Israel at 972-4-821-3393 or via fax at 972-4­821-3388. We can be reached at: [e-mail]

Limitation of Warranty

Tabor Electronics Ltd. shall be released from all obligations under this warranty in the event repairs or modifi­cations are made by persons other than authorized Tabor Electronics service personnel or without the written
consent of Tabor Electronics.

Tabor Electronics Ltd. expressly disclaims any liability to its customers, dealers and representatives and to
users of its product, and to any other person or persons, for special or consequential damages of any kind and
from any cause whatsoever arising out of or in any way connected with the manufacture, sale, handling, re­pair, maintenance, replacement or use of said products.

Representations and warranties made by any person including dealers and representatives of Tabor Electron­ics Ltd., which are inconsistent or in conflict with the terms of this warranty (including but not limited to the limi­tations of the liability of Tabor Electronics Ltd. as set forth above), shall not be binding upon Tabor Electronics
Ltd. unless reduced to writing and approved by an officer of Tabor Electronics Ltd.

This document may contain flaws, omissions or typesetting errors. No warranty is granted nor liability as­sumed in relation thereto. The information contained herein is periodically updated and changes will be incor­porated into subsequent editions. If you have encountered an error, please notify us at sup­[e-mail]. All specifications are subject to change without prior notice.

Except as stated above, Tabor Electronics Ltd. makes no warranty, express or implied (either in fact or by op­eration of law), statutory or otherwise; and except to the extent stated above, Tabor Electronics Ltd. shall have
no liability under any warranty, express or implied (either in fact or by operation of law), statutory or otherwise.

PROPRIETARY NOTICE

This document and the technical data herein disclosed, are proprietary to Tabor Electronics, and shall not, without ex­press written permission of Tabor Electronics, be used, in whole or in part to solicit quotations from a competitive source
or used for manufacture by anyone other than Tabor Electronics. The information herein has been developed at private
expense, and may only be used for operation and maintenance reference purposes or for purposes of engineering eval­uation and incorporation into technical specifications and other documents, which specify procurement of products from
Tabor Electronics.

FOR YOUR SAFETY

Before undertaking any troubleshooting, maintenance or exploratory procedure, read care­fully the WARNINGS and CAUTION notices.

This equipment contains voltage hazardous to human life and safety, and is capable of in­flicting personal injury.

If this instrument is to be powered from the AC line (mains) through an autotransformer,
ensure the common connector is connected to the neutral (earth pole) of the power supply.

Before operating the unit, ensure the conductor (green wire) is connected to the ground
(earth) conductor of the power outlet. Do not use a two-conductor extension cord or a
three-prong/two-prong adapter. This will defeat the protective feature of the third conductor
in the power cord.

Maintenance and calibration procedures sometimes call for operation of the unit with power
applied and protective covers removed. Read the procedures and heed warnings to avoid
“live” circuits points.

Before operation this instrument:

1. Ensure the instrument is configured to operate on the voltage at the power source. See
Installation Section.

2. Ensure the proper fuse is in place for the power source to operate.

3. Ensure all other devices connected to or in proximity to this instrument are properly
grounded or connected to the protective third-wire earth ground.

If the instrument:

- fails to operate satisfactorily

- shows visible damage

- has been stored under unfavorable conditions

- has sustained stress

Do not operate until performance is checked by qualified personnel.

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

We: Tabor Electronics Ltd.
9 Hatasia Street, Tel Hanan
ISRAEL 36888

declare, that the 50/100/200MS/s Four Channel Arbitrary Waveform Generators

Models 5064, 1074 and 2074

complies with the requirements of the Electro Magnetic Compatibility 89/336/EEC as
amended by 92/31/EEC, 93/68/EEC, 92/263/EEC and 93/97/EEC and the Low Voltage
Directive 73/23/EEC amended by 93/68/EEC, according to testing performed at
ORDOS/E.M.I TEST LABs (#7TBR1228CX, Mar. 2007). Compliance was demonstrated
to the following specifications as listed in the official Journal of the European
Communities:

Safety:

IEC/EN 61010-1 2nd Edition: 2001+ C1, C2

EMC:

EN55022:2001 - Class A Radiated and Conducted Emission
IEC61000-3-2:2001(Am1) - Harmonics
IEC61000-3-3:2002(Am1) - Flickers
IEC61000-4-2:2001(Am1+Am2) - ESD: Contact Discharge ±4Kv

Air Discharge ±8Kv
IEC61000-4-3:2002(Am1) - Radiated immunity - 3V/m (80MHz-1000MHz)
IEC61000-4-4:2001 (Am2) - Electrical Fast Transient and Burst ±1.0kV, 5kHz
IEC61000-4-5:2001 (Am1) - Surges DM ±1.0kV CM ±2.0Kv
IEC61000-4-6:2003 - Current injection immunity - 3Vrms
IEC61000-4-8:2001 - Magnetic field 1Amper
IEC61000-4-11: 2001 - Voltage dips and variation

Models 5064, 1074 and 2074 are built on the same platform and share specifications
and features except the 5064 is limited to 50MS/s (25MHz BW), while the 1074 is limited
to 100MS/s (50MHz BW) and the 2074 is 200MS/s (80MHz BW). The tests were
performed on a typical configuration.

A

Table of Contents

Chapter Title Page

1

Getting Started

What’s in This Chapter.......................................................................................................1-3

Introduction........................................................................................................................1-3

2074 Feature Highlights.....................................................................................................1-3

rbConnection Feature Highlights......................................................................................1-4

Introduction........................................................................................................................1-6

Options..............................................................................................................................1-8

Identifying Installed Options............................................................................................ 1-8

Manual Changes ................................................................................................................ 1-8

Safety Considerations........................................................................................................1-8

Supplied Accessories.........................................................................................................1-9

Specifications.....................................................................................................................1-9

Functional Description........................................................................................................1-9

Front Panel Connectors and Indicators........................................................................... 1-9

Main Output – CH1, CH2, CH3 and CH4.................................................................... 1-9

SYNC Output..............................................................................................................1-10

Front Panel Controls....................................................................................................... 1-10

Rear Panel Input & Output Connectors........................................................................... 1-12

TRIG IN......................................................................................................................1-12

REF IN........................................................................................................................1-12

SYNC1, 2, 3 and 4......................................................................................................1-13

LAN............................................................................................................................1-13

USB............................................................................................................................1-13

GPIB...........................................................................................................................1-13

....................................................................................................................1-1

i

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User Manual

2

AC LINE.....................................................................................................................1-14

AC FUSE.................................................................................................................... 1-14

X-INST SYNC.............................................................................................................1-14

Run Modes ........................................................................................................................ 1-15

Continuous......................................................................................................................1-15

Triggered........................................................................................................................1-15

Burst...............................................................................................................................1-16

Gated.............................................................................................................................. 1-16

Delayed Trigger .................................................................................................................1-17

Re-Trigger..........................................................................................................................1-17

Trigger Source...................................................................................................................1-17

External...........................................................................................................................1-17

Bus .................................................................................................................................1-17

Mixed..............................................................................................................................1-18

Output Type.......................................................................................................................1-18

Standard Waveforms ...................................................................................................... 1-18

Half Cycle Waveforms.....................................................................................................1-20

Arbitrary Wave form s....................................................................................................... 1-21

Sequenced Waveforms................................................................................................... 1-23

Sequence Advance Modes......................................................................................... 1-25

Modulate d Wave for ms.................................................................................................... 1-27

Modulation Off............................................................................................................ 1-28

(n)PSK........................................................................................................................ 1-28

(n)QAM....................................................................................................................... 1-29

Modulation Run Modes......................................................................................................1-29

uxiliary Functions .............................................................................................................1-29

Digital Pulse Generator................................................................................................... 1-29

Counter/Timer................................................................................................................. 1-30

Output State.......................................................................................................................1-31

Customizi n g the Output U n its.............................................................................................1-31

Programming the Model 2074............................................................................................1-32

Configuring the Instrument

Installatio n Overview..........................................................................................................2-2

Unpacking and Initial Inspection.........................................................................................2-2

Safety Precautions.............................................................................................................2-2

Performance Checks..........................................................................................................2-3

Power Requirements..........................................................................................................2-3

Grounding Requirements...................................................................................................2-3

Long Term Storage or Repackaging for Shipment

..............................................................................................2-1

.............................................................2-4

ii

A

Contents (continued)

3

Preparation for Use............................................................................................................2-4

Installation..........................................................................................................................2-4

Installing Software Utilities.................................................................................................2-5

Controlling the Instrument from Remote.............................................................................2-5

Connecting to a Remote interface......................................................................................2-6

Selecting a Remote interface.............................................................................................2-6

GPIB Configuration.........................................................................................................2-7

USB Configuration..........................................................................................................2-8

LAN Configuration..........................................................................................................2-14

Choosing a Static IP Address......................................................................................2-16

Using the Instrument

Overview............................................................................................................................3-3

Inter-Channel Dependency................................................................................................3-3

Inter-Channel Phase Dependency ............................................................................... 3-3

Output Termi n ation............................................................................................................3-4

Input / Output

Power On/Reset Defaults...................................................................................................3-4

Resetting the 2 0 7 4.............................................................................................................3-5

Controlling the 2074...........................................................................................................3-6

2074 Front Panel Menus....................................................................................................3-8

Enabling the Outputs........................................................................................................3-12

Selecting a Waveform Type.............................................................................................3-13

Changing the Output Frequency......................................................................................3-14

Changing the Sample Clock Frequency...........................................................................3-15

Programming the Amplitude and Offset............................................................................3-16

Selecting a Run Mode......................................................................................................3-18

Triggered Mode .......................................................................................................... 3-19

Delayed Trigger.......................................................................................................... 3-20

Re-Trigger................................................................................................................... 3-20

Gated Mode................................................................................................................ 3-21

Burst Mode ................................................................................................................. 3-21

Using the Manual Trigger.................................................................................................3-23

Using the SYNC Output...................................................................................................3-23

pplying Filters ................................................................................................................3-24

Selecting the SCLK Source and Reference......................................................................3-25

Generating Standard Waveforms .....................................................................................3-25

Generating Arbitrary Waveforms......................................................................................3-35

Protection ....................................................................................................3-4

.........................................................................................................3-1

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Overview............................................................................................................................3-3

Inter-Channel Dependency................................................................................................ 3-3

Inter-Channel Phase Dependency ............................................................................... 3-3

Output Termi n ation............................................................................................................3-4

Input / Output

Power On/Reset Defaults...................................................................................................3-4

Resetting the 2 0 7 4.............................................................................................................3-5

Controlling the 2074...........................................................................................................3-6

2074 Front Panel Menus....................................................................................................3-8

Enabling the Outputs........................................................................................................3-12

Selecting a Waveform Type.............................................................................................3-13

Changing the Output Frequency......................................................................................3-14

Changing the Sample Clock Frequency...........................................................................3-15

Programming the Amplitude and Offset............................................................................3-16

Selecting a Run Mode......................................................................................................3-18

Triggered Mode .......................................................................................................... 3-19

Delayed Trigger.......................................................................................................... 3-20

Re-Trigger................................................................................................................... 3-20

Gated Mode................................................................................................................ 3-21

Burst Mode ................................................................................................................. 3-21

Using the Manual Trigger.................................................................................................3-23

Using the SYNC Output...................................................................................................3-23

pplying Filters ................................................................................................................3-24

Selecting the SCLK Source and Reference......................................................................3-25

Generating Standard Waveforms .....................................................................................3-25

Generating Arbitrary Waveforms......................................................................................3-35

What Are Arbitrary Waveforms?................................................................................. 3-36

Generating Arbitrary Waveforms................................................................................ 3-36

Generating Sequenced Waveforms .................................................................................3-38

What Are Sequenced Waveforms?............................................................................ 3-39

Editing the Sequence Table ....................................................................................... 3-41

Selecting Sequence Advance Modes......................................................................... 3-43

Generating Modulated Waveforms...................................................................................3-45

Off............................................................................................................................... 3-45

(n)PSK..................................................................................................................... 3-46

User PSK ................................................................................................................ 3-48

(n)QAM.................................................................................................................... 3-49

User QAM ............................................................................................................... 3-50

Using the Auxiliary Functions...........................................................................................3-51

Using the Digital Pulse Generator.............................................................................. 3-52

Protection ....................................................................................................3-4

iv

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Contents (continued)

4

Pulse Generator Menus.......................................................................................... 3-54

Pulse Design Limitations..................................................................................................3-56

Using the Counter/Timer............................................................................................. 3-58

Accessing the Counter/Timer Menus ......................................................................... 3-58

Selecting a Counter/Timer Function........................................................................... 3-59

Counter/Timer Menus ............................................................................................. 3-60

Counter/Timer Limitations....................................................................................... 3-61

Using the Half Cycle Waveforms......................................................................................3-62

Accessing the half Cycle Menus................................................................................. 3-62

Half Cycle Menus.................................................................................................... 3-63

Synchronizing Multiple Instruments............................................................................ 3-64

Connecting the instruments.................................................................................... 3-66

Selecting a Master .................................................................................................. 3-66

Operating Synchronized Instruments ..................................................................... 3-69

Understanding the Basics of Phase Offset between Channels.................................. 3-70

Adjusting Phase Offset for Standard Waveforms................................................... 3-70

Adjusting Phase Offset for Arbitrary Waveforms.................................................... 3-73

Adjusting Phase Offset for Modulated Waveforms................................................. 3-73

Customizi n g the Output U n its...........................................................................................3-73

Selecting the Horizontal Units .................................................................................... 3-73

Adjusting Load Impedance......................................................................................... 3-74

Monitoring the Internal Temperature................................................................................ 3-74

ArbConnection©.................................................................................................................4-1

What’s in This Chapter?.....................................................................................................4-3

Introduction to ArbConnection............................................................................................4-3

Installing ArbConnection....................................................................................................4-3

Quitting ArbConnection................................................................................................. 4-4

For the New and Advanced Users................................................................................ 4-4

Conventions Used in This Manual................................................................................ 4-4

The Opening Screen..........................................................................................................4-5

rbConnection Features....................................................................................................4-6

The Control Panels............................................................................................................4-6

The Operation Panels................................................................................................... 4-8

Main .......................................................................................................................... 4-8

Standard.................................................................................................................. 4-10

Arbitrary/Sequence ................................................................................................. 4-11

Using the Memory Partition Table .......................................................................... 4-13

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5

Using the Waveform Studio.................................................................................... 4-15

Trigger..................................................................................................................... 4-19

The Modulation Panels............................................................................................... 4-21

FM........................................................................................................................... 4-21

AM........................................................................................................................... 4-22

Sweep..................................................................................................................... 4-23

ASK/FSK/PSK......................................................................................................... 4-24

Ampl/Freq Hop........................................................................................................ 4-26

(n)PSK..................................................................................................................... 4-28

(n)QAM.................................................................................................................... 4-30

3D............................................................................................................................ 4-32

The Auxiliary Panels...................................................................................................4-33

Counter/Timer......................................................................................................... 4-33

Pulse Generator...................................................................................................... 4-34

Half Cycle................................................................................................................ 4-35

Digital Pattern.......................................................................................................... 4-36

X-Instrument Sync .................................................................................................. 4-38

The System Panels..................................................................................................... 4-41

General/Filters......................................................................................................... 4-41

Calibration............................................................................................................... 4-42

The Composers Panels.............................................................................................. 4-43

The Wave Composer.............................................................................................. 4-43

The Toolbar ................................................................................................................ 4-50

The Waveform Screen................................................................................................ 4-51

Generatin g Waveforms Using the Equati o n E d i tor ...........................................................4-52

Writing Equations........................................................................................................ 4-54

Equation Convention .................................................................................................. 4-55

Typing Equations........................................................................................................ 4-56

Equation Samples....................................................................................................... 4-57

Combining Waveforms ............................................................................................... 4-61

The Pulse Composer.............................................................................................. 4-63

The FM Composer.................................................................................................. 4-81

The 3D Composer................................................................................................... 4-85

The Command Editor.......................................................................................................4-91

Logging SCPI Commands................................................................................................4-91

Remote Programming Reference

What’s in This Chapter.....................................................................................................5-3

Introductio n to SCPI.........................................................................................................5-3

Command Format..........................................................................................................5-4

..................................................................................... 5-1

vi

Contents (continued)

Command Separator .....................................................................................................5-4

The MIN and MAX

Querying Parameter Setting..........................................................................................5-5

Query Response Format ...............................................................................................5-5

SCPI Command Terminator..........................................................................................5-5

IEEE-STD-488.2 Common Commands.........................................................................5-5

SCPI Parameter Type....................................................................................................5-6

Numeric Parameters..................................................................................................5-6

Discrete Parameters ..................................................................................................5-6

Boolean Parameters..................................................................................................5-6

Arbitrary Block Parameters........................................................................................5-6

Binary Block Parameters ...........................................................................................5-7

SCPI Syntax and Styles...................................................................................................5-7

Instrument Control Commands........................................................................................5-14

Standard Waveforms Control Commands........................................................................5-24

Arbitrary Waveforms Control Commands.........................................................................5-31

Sequenced Waveforms Control Commands....................................................................5-38

Modulate d Wave for ms Co ntro l Co mman d s........................................................... ...........5-44

PSK Modulation Programming......................................................................................5-46

QAM Modulation Programming.....................................................................................5-50

Run Mode Commands.....................................................................................................5-53

Auxiliary Commands........................................................................................................5-58

Digital Pulse Programming............................................................................................5-59

Counter/Timer Programming.........................................................................................5-64

Half Cycle Programming................................................................................................5-67

System Commands .......................................................................................................5-69

IEEE-STD-488.2 Common Commands and Queries ....................................................... 5-74

The SCPI Status Registers............................................................................................5-75

The Status Byte

Reading the Status Byte Register
Clearing the St at us Byte Register
Service Requ est Enable Register (SRE)
Standard Event

Standard Event Status Enable Register (ESE) .........................................................5-79

Error Messages...............................................................................................................5-80

Parameters .....................................................................................5-5

Register (STB)....................................................................................5-75

.............................................................................5-76

.............................................................................5-76

..................................................................5-78

Status Register (ESR)......................................................................5-78

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6

Performance Checks.......................................................................................................... 6-1

Warm-up Period................................................................................................................6-4

Initial Instrument Setting...................................................................................................6-4

Frequency Accuracy.........................................................................................................6-4

Frequency Accuracy, Internal Reference.....................................................................6-5

Frequency Accuracy, External 10MHz Reference....................................................... 6-5

Amplitude Accuracy..........................................................................................................6-6

Amplitude Accuracy......................................................................................................6-6

Offset Accuracy ................................................................................................................6-6

Offset Accuracy.............................................................................................................6-6

Squarewave Characteristics.............................................................................................6-7

Squarewave Checks.....................................................................................................6-7

Skew Between Channels..............................................................................................6-8

Sinewave Characteristics.................................................................................................6-8

Sinewave Distortions ....................................................................................................6-9

Sinewave Spectral Purity..............................................................................................6-9

Sinewave Flatness......................................................................................................6-10

Trigger operation Characteristics...................................................................................6-11

Trigger, Gate, and Burst Characteristics....................................................................6-11

Mixed Trigger Advance Test.......................................................................................6-12

Delayed Trigger Characteristics .................................................................................6-13

Re-trigger Characteristics...........................................................................................6-13

Trigger Slope...............................................................................................................6-14

Trigger Level...............................................................................................................6-15

Sequence operation .......................................................................................................6-16

Automatic Advance.....................................................................................................6-16

Step Advance..............................................................................................................6-17

Single Advance...........................................................................................................6-18

Modulated Waveforms Characteristics ..........................................................................6-19

(n)PSK.........................................................................................................................6-19

(n)QAM........................................................................................................................6-20

SYNC Output operation..................................................................................................6-20

SYNC Qualifier - Bit ....................................................................................................6-21

SYNC Qualifier - LCOM..............................................................................................6-21

SYNC Position ............................................................................................................6-22

Waveform Memory Operation ........................................................................................6-23

Waveform memory......................................................................................................6-23

Remote Interfac e s ..........................................................................................................6-23

GPIB Control...............................................................................................................6-23

USB Control ................................................................................................................6-24

LAN Control.................................................................................................................6-24

Auxiliary Coun te r/Timer Operation.................................................................................6-25

viii

Contents (continued)

7

Frequency...................................................................................................................6-25

Period, Period Averaged.............................................................................................6-26

Pulse Width.................................................................................................................6-26

Totalize, Gated............................................................................................................6-27

Totalize, Infinite...........................................................................................................6-28

Adjustments and Firmware Update ..................................................................................7-1

What’s in This Chapter ............................................................................................................7-1

Performance Checks ...............................................................................................................7-2

Environmental Conditions........................................................................................................7-2

Warm-up Period ...................................................................................................................7-2

Recommended Test Equipment..............................................................................................7-2

Adjustment Procedures ...........................................................................................................7-3

Reference Oscillators Adjustments ......................................................................................... 7-5

Channels 1, 2, 3 & 4 Adjustments...........................................................................................7-7

Base Line Offset Adjustments..............................................................................................7-7

Offset Adjustments...............................................................................................................7-8

Amplitude Adjustments ......................................................................................................7-12

Flatness Adjustments.........................................................................................................7-14

Pulse Response Adjustments............................................................................................7-19

Updating 2074 Firmware .......................................................................................................7-21

Appendices

A

Specifications .....................................................................................................................A-1

ix

List of Tables

Chapter Title Page

1-1, Run Modes and Trigger Source Options Summary...........................................................1-16

1-2, Trigger Source Options Summary.....................................................................................1-18

1-3, Sequence Advance and Trigger Options Summary...........................................................1-27

2-1, Valid and Invalid IP Addresses for Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 ........................................ 2-17

3-1, Default Conditions After Reset............................................................................................3-6

3-2, Front Panel Waveform Menus.............................................................................................3-8

3-3, Front Panel Run Mode Menus ..........................................................................................3-10

3-4, Front Panel Utility and Output Menus................................................................................3-10

3-5, Front Panel Auxiliary Menus ............................................................................................. 3-11

5-1, Model 2074 SCPI Commands List Summary......................................................................5-8

5-2, Instrument Control Commands Summary .........................................................................5-14

5-3, Instrument Control Commands Summary .........................................................................5-24

5-4, Arbitrary Waveforms Commands Summary......................................................................5-32

5-5, Sequence Control Commands..........................................................................................5-39

5-6, Modulated Waveforms Commands...................................................................................5-44

5-7, Run Mode Commands......................................................................................................5-53

5-8, Auxiliary Commands.........................................................................................................5-58

5-9, System Commands Summary...........................................................................................5-69

6-1, Recommended Test Equipment...........................................................................................6-4

6-2, Frequency Accuracy.............................................................................................................6-5

6-3, Frequency Accuracy Using External 10MHz Reference .....................................................6-5

6-4, Amplitude Accuracy, DAC output..................................................................................... ....6-6

x

Contents (continued)

6-5, Offset Accura cy ..................................................................................................................6-7

6-6, Square wave Characteristic s .............................................................................................6-8

6-7, Sinewave Dis tortion............................................................................................................6-9

6-8, Sinewave Sp e ctral Purity .................................................................................................6-10

6-9, Sinewave Fla tne s s ...........................................................................................................6-10

6-10, Trigger, gate, and burst Characteristics.........................................................................6-11

6-11, Trigger Delay Tests........................................................................................................6-13

6-12, Re-Trigger Delay Tests ..................................................................................................6-14

6-13, Frequency Measurement Accuracy...............................................................................6-25

6-14, Period Measurement Accura cy......................................................................................6-26

6-15, Pulse Width Measurement Accuracy.............................................................................6-27

6-16, Totalize, Ga te Measurement Accuracy..........................................................................6-2 7

7-1, Recommended calibration for Adjustments.....................................................................7-4

xi

List of Figures

Chapter Title Page

1-1, Model 2074............................................................................................................................1-4

1-2, ArbConnection – The Control Panels.....................................................................................1-5

1-3, ArbConnection – The Wave Composer..................................................................................1-5

1-4, ArbConnection – The Pulse Composer..................................................................................1-6

1-5, 2074 Front Panel Controls...................................................................................................1-10

1-6, 2074 Rear Panel..................................................................................................................1-13

1-7, Typical 2074 Standard Waveforms Display..........................................................................1-19

1-8, ArbConnection Example - Typical Standard Waveforms Panel............................................1-20

1-9, Typical Half Cycle Display....................................................................................................1-21

1-10, Typical 2074 Arbitrary Waveforms Display.........................................................................1-22

1-11, ArbConnection Example – Typical Arbitrary & Sequenced Waveforms Panel....................1-22

1-12, Segment 1 Waveform – Sinc..............................................................................................1-23

1-13, Segment 2 Waveform - Sine..............................................................................................1-23

1-14, Segment 3 Waveform - Pulse ............................................................................................1-24

1-15, Sequenced Waveform........................................................................................................1-24

1-18, Typical Front Panel Programming of a Sequence Table ....................................................1-25

1-19, ArbConnection Sequence Table Studio..............................................................................1-25

1-18, Typ ical Modula te d waveform Displ ay.................................................................................1-28

1-19, ArbConnection Example – FM Modulation Panel...............................................................1-28

2-1, Selecting a Remote interface.................................................................................................2-8

2-2, GPIB Configuration Screen....................................................................................................2-9

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2-3, USB Device Detected..........................................................................................................2-10

2-4, Found New Hardware Wizard..............................................................................................2-10

2-5, Choose Your Search and installation Options......................................................................2-11

2-7, New Hardware Found and Software installed.......................................................................2-12

2-8, Found New Hardware - USB Serial Port ..............................................................................2-12

2-9, Choose Your Search and installation Options......................................................................2-13

2-11, New Hardware Found and Software installed.....................................................................2-14

2-12, Model 2074 Configured for USB Operation........................................................................2-15

2-13, LAN Configuration Screen..................................................................................................2-16

3-1, Reset 2074 to Factory Defaults..............................................................................................3-5

3-2, 2074 Front Panel Operation...................................................................................................3-7

3-3, Enabling and Disabling the Outputs.....................................................................................3-12

3-4, Selecting an Output Waveform Type....................................................................................3-13

3-5, Modifying Output Frequency................................................................................................3-14

3-6, Modifying Sample Clock Frequency.....................................................................................3-15

3-7, Programming Amplitude and Offset .....................................................................................3-17

3-8, Run Mode Options...............................................................................................................3-18

3-9, Trigger Run Mode Parameters.............................................................................................3-20

3-10, Gated Mode Parameters....................................................................................................3-21

3-11, Burst Run Mode Parameters..............................................................................................3-23

3-12, SYNC and Filter Parameters..............................................................................................3-23

3-13, Modifying the SCLK and 10 MHz Clock Source.................................................................3-25

3-14, Built-in Standard Waveforms Menu....................................................................................3-26

3-15, the Wave Composer Tool for Generating Arbitrary Waveforms..........................................3-35

3-16, Programming Arbitrary Waveform Parameters...................................................................3-38

3-17, Using ArbConnection to Generate Sequences...................................................................3-39

3-18, Sequence Parameters .......................................................................................................3-40

3-19, Editing the Sequence Table...............................................................................................3-43

3-20, Sequence Advance Options...............................................................................................3-44

3-21, Selecting a modulated Waveform.......................................................................................3-45

3-22, Modulation OFF Parameters..............................................................................................3-46

3-23, QPSK Modulation Display Example...................................................................................3-47

xiii

List of Figures (continued)

3-24, QPSK Data Entry Table Example.......................................................................................3-48

3-25, User PSK Display ..............................................................................................................3-48

3-26, User PSK Data Entry Table Example.................................................................................3-49

3-27, 64QAM Display Example...................................................................................................3-50

3-28, 64QA M Data Entry Table Example....................................................................................3-50

3-29, User Display.......................................................................................................................3-51

3-30, User QAM Data Entry Table Example................................................................................3-51

3-31, Accessing the Pulse Generator Menus ..............................................................................3-52

3-32, the Digital Pulse Generator Menus.....................................................................................3-53

3-33, Programming the Pulse Period Parameter.........................................................................3-53

3-34, Double Pulse Mode............................................................................................................3-56

3-35, Accessing the Counter/Timer Menus .................................................................................3-59

3-36, the Digital Counter/Timer Menus........................................................................................3-59

3-37, Selecting a Counter/Timer Measurement Function . ...........................................................3-60

3-38, Accessing the Digital Pattern Menus..................................................................................3-62

3-39, the Digital Pattern Menus...................................................................................................3-63

3-40, Connecting the 2074 Synchronization Cables....................................................................3-65

3-41, Selecting the Multi-Instruments Synchronization Menus ....................................................3-66

3-42, Selecting the Couple State.................................................................................................3-66

3-43, Programming Slaves IP Address........................................................................................3-67

3-44, Activating the Synchronization Process..............................................................................3-68

3-45, Programming Phase Offset between Channels..................................................................3-71

3-46, Changing the Start Phase on the Sine Waveform..............................................................3-71

3-47, Customizing the Model 2074..............................................................................................3-73

3-48, Reading the 2074 Internal Temperature.............................................................................3-74

xiv

2074

User Manual

4-1, Startup & Communication Options.........................................................................................4-5

4-2, ArbConnection's Toolbars......................................................................................................4-5

4-5, the Main Panel.......................................................................................................................4-9

4-6, the Standard Waveforms Panel ...........................................................................................4-11

4-7, the Ar bitrary & Sequence Panel...........................................................................................4-13

4-8, the Memory Partition Table..................................................................................................4-15

4-9, the Waveform Studio............................................................................................................4-17

4-10, the Sequence Table...........................................................................................................4-18

xv

List of Figures (continued)

4-11, the Trigger Panel ...............................................................................................................4-21

4-13, the (n)PSK Modulation Panel.............................................................................................4-23

4-14, 16PSK Data Table Sample ................................................................................................4-23

4-15, Symbol Design Table Sample............................................................................................4-24

4-16, the (n)QAM Modulation Panel............................................................................................4-25

4-17, 64QAM Data Table Sample ...............................................................................................4-25

4-18, Symbol Design Table Sample............................................................................................4-26

4-20, the Counter/Timer Panel....................................................................................................4-28

4-21, the Digital Pulse Generator Panel......................................................................................4-29

4-22, the Half Cycle Panel...........................................................................................................4-30

4-23, Multi-Instruments Synchronization Dialog Box Example.....................................................4-31

4-24, IP Address Setup Example (from left to right) Master and two Slaves ................................4-32

4-25, Assigning Master and Slave Addresses.............................................................................4-33

4-27, the General/Filters Panel....................................................................................................4-34

4-28, the Calibration Panel..........................................................................................................4-36

4-

30, the Wave Composer Opening Screen................................................................................4-37

4-31, the Open Waveform Dialog Box.........................................................................................4-39

4-32, Zooming In on Waveform Segments..................................................................................4-41

4-33, Generating Distorted Sine waves from the built-in Library..................................................4-43

4-34, the To o lbar Icons........................................................................................................ .......4-43

4-35, the Waveform Screen........................................................................................................4-44

4-36, the Equation Editor Dialog Box..........................................................................................4-45

4-37, an Equation Editor Example...............................................................................................4-50

4-38, Using the Equation Editor to Modulate Sine Waveforms....................................................4-51

4-39, Using the Equation Editor to Add Second Harmonic Distortion..........................................4-52

4-40, Using the Equation Editor to Generate Exponentially Decaying Sinewave.........................4-53

4-41, Using the Editor to Build Amplitude Modulated Signal with Upper and Lower Sidebands...4-54

4-42, Combining Waveforms into Equations................................................................................4-55

4-43, the Pulse Composer Screen ..............................................................................................4-57

4-44, the Pulse Editor..................................................................................................................4-59

4-45, the Pulse Editor Options ....................................................................................................4-60

xvi

2074

User Manual

4-46, the Pulse Composer Toolbar Icons....................................................................................4-61

4-47, Complete Pulse Train Design.............................................................................................4-62

4-48, Section 5 of the Pulse Train Design...................................................................................4-62

4-49, Selecting Pulse Editor Options...........................................................................................4-63

4-50, Using the Pulse Editor........................................................................................................4-65

4-51, Building Section 1 of the Pulse Example............................................................................4-67

4-52, Building Section 2 of the Pulse Example............................................................................4-68

4-53, Building Section 3 of the Pulse Example............................................................................4-70

4-54, Building Section 4 of the Pulse Example............................................................................4-71

4-55, Building Section 5 of the Pulse Example............................................................................4-72

4-56, the Pulse Editor Download Summary.................................................................................4-73

4-57, the Command Editor..........................................................................................................4-74

4-58, Log File Example...............................................................................................................4-75

5-1, Definite Length Arbitrary Block Data Format .....................................................................5-33

5-2, 16-bit Initial Waveform Data Point Representation............................................................5-33

5-3, 16-bit Waveform Data Point Representation.....................................................................5-34

5-4, Segment Address and Size Example................................................................................5-36

5-5, 64-bit Sequence Table Download Format.........................................................................5-40

5-6. SCPI Status Registers......................................................................................................5-77

7-1, Calibration Password...............................................................................................................7-5

7-2, Calibration Panel .....................................................................................................................7-5

7-3, Software Version Screen.......................................................................................................7-22

7-4, The NETConfig Utility............................................................................................................7-23

7-5, Check for Progress Bar Movement.................................................................................. .....7-24

7-6, WW2074 has been Detected on the LAN Network ..............................................................7-25

7-7, The Firmware Update Dialog Box.........................................................................................7-25

7-8, Firmware Update Path...........................................................................................................7-26

7-9, Firmware Update Completed ......................................................................... ......... ..............7-27

xvii

What’s in This Chapter ....................................................................................................... 1-3

Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1-3

2074 Feature Highlights ..................................................................................................... 1-3

ArbConnection Feature Highlights...................................................................................... 1-4

Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1-6

Options .............................................................................................................................. 1-8

Identifying Installed Options ............................................................................................ 1-8

Manual Changes ................................................................................................................ 1-8

Safety Considerations ........................................................................................................ 1-8

Supplied Accessories ......................................................................................................... 1-9

Specifications ..................................................................................................................... 1-9

Functional Description ........................................................................................................ 1-9

Front Panel Connectors and Indicators ................................................................ ........... 1-9

Main Output – CH1, CH2, CH3 and CH4 .................................................................... 1-9

SYNC Output .............................................................................................................. 1-10

Front Panel Controls ....................................................................................................... 1-10

Rear Panel Input & Output Connectors ........................................................................... 1-12

TRIG IN ...................................................................................................................... 1-12

REF IN........................................................................................................................ 1-12

SYNC1, 2, 3 and 4 ...................................................................................................... 1-13

LAN ................................................................................................ ............................ 1-13

USB ............................................................................................................................ 1-13

GPIB ........................................................................................................................... 1-13

AC LINE ..................................................................................................................... 1-14

AC FUSE .................................................................................................................... 1-14

X-INST SYNC ............................................................................................................. 1-14

Run Modes ........................................................................................................................ 1-15

Continuous ..................................................................................................................... 1-15

Triggered ................................ ........................................................................................ 1-15

Burst ................................................................................................................................ 1-16

Gated .............................................................................................................................. 1-16

Delayed Trigger ................................................................................................................. 1-17

Re-Trigger ......................................................................................................................... 1-17

Trigger Source ................................................................................................................... 1-17

External ........................................................................................................................... 1-17

Bus .................................................................................................................................. 1-17

Mixed ............................................................................................................................... 1-18

Output Type ....................................................................................................................... 1-18

Standard Waveforms ....................................................................................................... 1-18

Half Cycle Waveforms ..................................................................................................... 1-20

Arbitrary Waveforms ........................................................................................................ 1-21

Sequenced Waveforms ................................................................................................... 1-23

Sequence Advance Modes .......................................................................................... 1-25

Modulated Waveforms ..................................................................................................... 1-27

Modulation Off ............................................................................................................. 1-28

(n)PSK ........................................................................................................................ 1-28

(n)QAM ....................................................................................................................... 1-29

Modulation Run Modes ...................................................................................................... 1-29

Auxiliary Functions ............................................................................................................. 1-29

Digital Pulse Generator .................................................................................................... 1-29

Counter/Timer .................................................................................................................. 1-30

Output State ...................................................................................................................... 1-31

Customizing the Output Units ............................................................................................ 1-31

Programming the Model 2074 ............................................................................................ 1-32

1-2

What’s in This

Chapter

This chapter contains a general description of the Model 2074
Waveform Generator and an overall functional description of the
instrument. It also describes the front and rear panel connectors
and indicators.

NOTE

This manual is common to Models 5064, Model 1074 and
Model 2074. Features and functions are described for the
Model 2074 and the variations are described in Appendix
A. The main differences are related to the highest
sampling clock rate and the output frequency. If you
purchased either Model 5064 or Model 1074, refer to the
specifications and ignore references to frequency and
sample clock limits that exceed those which are listed in
Appendix A.

Introduction

Model 2074 is a four-channel, Universal Waveform Generator. It is
a high performance waveform generator that combines four
separate and powerful channels in one small package. Supplied
free with the instrument is ArbConnection software utility, which is
used for controlling the 2074 and for generating, editing and
downloading waveforms from a remote computer. The following
highlights the 2074 and ArbConnection features.

2074 Feature
Highlights

 Four output configuration with Independent waveform control
 Tight phase offset control between channels (1 point resolution)
 16-bit vertical resolution
 Generates signals up to 20 Vp-p (into high impedance load)
 16-bit LVDS level digital pattern output
 2 M memory depth for each channel
 200 MS/s sample clock frequency
 80 MHz output bandwidth
 1 ppm clock stability
 Extremely low phase noise carrier
 PSK and QAM modulation
 Built-in standard waveforms; half-cycle waveforms
 Separate sequence generators for each channel

1-3

 Multiple instrument synchronization, jitter-free and phase control
 Remote calibration without removing case covers
 Auxiliary pulse generator and counter/timer functions
 GPIB, USB and Ethernet interfaces

ArbConnection
Feature
Highlights

 Three powerful tools in one software package: Complete

instrument control, as well as, waveform and pulse composers

 Detailed virtual front panels control all 2074 functions and modes
 Wave composer generates, edits and downloads complex

waveforms

 Easy, on-screen generation of complex pulses using the pulse

composer

 Equation editor generates waveforms from equations
 SCPI command and response editor simulates ATE operation
 Translates waveform coordinates from ASCII and other formats
 Simplifies generation of complex sequences

Various screens of the ArbConnection program are shown in
Figures 1-2 through 1-4.

Figure 1-1, Model 2074

1-4

Figure 1-2, ArbConnection – The Control Panels

Figure 1-3, ArbConnection – The Wave Composer

1-5

Introduction

A detailed functional description is given following the general
description of the features, functions, and options available with the
Model 2074.

The Model 2074 is a bench-top, 2U high, half rack wide, four­channel synthesized Waveform Generator, a high performance
instrument that provides multiple and powerful functions in one
small package. The 2074 generates an array of standard
waveforms from a built-in waveform library as well as arbitrary,
sequenced and modulated waveforms. The generator outputs 16-bit
waveforms from two channels at up to 200 MS/s with different
waveform properties. The unique design provides increased

dynamic range and lower “noise floor” making it ideal for the

generation of multi-tone signals and I&Q modulation.
Sample rates up to 200 MS/s are available with memory size up to

2 Meg. All channels are synchronized to the same sampling clock
however, each channel can output a different waveform shape and
length and by designing waveforms with different length, each
channel can output different frequencies that are synchronized to
the same sample clock source.

Based entirely on digital design, the 2074 has no analog functions
resident in its hardware circuits and therefore, data has to be
downloaded to the instrument for it to start generating waveforms.
The instrument can compute and generate a number of standard
functions such as sine, square, triangle and others. Complex
waveforms can be computed in external utilities, converted to an

Figure 1-4, ArbConnection – The Pulse Composer

1-6

appropriate format and downloaded to the 2074 as waveform
coordinates. Dedicated waveform memory stores waveforms in
memory segments and allows playback of a selected waveform,
when required. The waveforms are backed up by batteries or can
be stored in a flash memory for use at a later time.

Frequency accuracy of the output waveform is determined by the
clock reference. Using the internal TCXO the reference oscillator
provides 1 ppm accuracy and stability over time and temperature. If
higher accuracy and/or stability are required, one may connect an
external reference oscillator to the rear panel input and use this
input as the reference for the 2074. Frequency may be is
programmed from the front panel with 11 digits of resolution and
with up to 14 digits from an external controller, so using an external
reference is recommended, if you intend to utilize the full resolution
provided by the instrument.

Output amplitude for each of the channels may be programmed
separately from 20 mV to 20 Vp-p into an open circuit, and 20 mV
to 10 V into 50 loads. Amplitude and offsets are completely
independent to each other and can be programmed with 4 digits of
resolution as long as the +5 V and the -5 V rail limitations (double
into open circuit) are not exceeded. The amplitude display is
calibrated to the load source, which is normally 50 . In cases
where the load difference is different, you can customize the
instrument to display the correct amplitude reading that matches
your load impedance.

Besides its normal continuous mode, the Model 2074 responds to a
variety of trigger sources. The output waveform may be gated,
triggered, or may generate a counted burst of waveforms. A built-in
re-trigger generator with a programmable period can be used as a
replacement of an external trigger source. Triggers can be delayed
to a specific interval by a built-in trigger delay generator that has a
range of 200 ns to over 20 seconds.

The arbitrary waveform memory is comprised of a bank of 16-bit
words. Each word represents a point on the horizontal waveform
scale. Each word has a horizontal address that can range from 0 to
2 Meg and a vertical address that can range from -32767 to +32768
(16 bits). Using a high speed clocking circuit, the digital contents of
the arbitrary waveform memory is extracted and routed to the
Digital to Analog Converter (DAC). The DAC converts the digital
data to an analog signal, and the output amplifier completes the
task by amplifying or attenuating the signal at the output connector.

There is no need to use the complete memory bank every time an
arbitrary waveform is generated. Waveform memory can be divided
into up to many smaller segments and different waveforms can be
loaded into each segment. The various segments may then be
loaded into a sequence table to generate long and complex
waveforms. The sequence table can link and loop up to multiple
segments in user defined order. Each channel has its own
sequence generator.

1-7

The Tabor Model 2074 can be controlled from either GPIB, USB, or
LAN interfaces. The product is supplied with IVI.COM driver and
ArbConnection software. ArbConnection simulates an array of
mechanical front panels with the necessary push buttons, displays
and dials to operate the Model 2074 from a remote interface as if it
is a bench-top instrument. ArbConnection also allows on-screen
creation and editing of complex waveforms and patterns to drive the
2074 various outputs.

It is highly recommended that the user become familiar with the
2074 front panel, its basic features, functions and programming
concepts as described in this and the following chapters.

Options

Several options are available for the 2074. These are listed below.
Note that all options are factory installed and therefore, they must
be ordered with the product.

1. Option 1 - 2 Meg Waveform Memory – increases the memory
capacity from 1 Meg to 2 Meg. The 2 Meg waveform memory
option is not field installable and therefore, it must be ordered
with the product. Compare the option number below with the
number printed on your instrument to check if the 2 Meg
waveform memory option is installed in your equipment.

Identifying
Installed Options

Options must be specified at the time of your purchase. If you place
an order for an option, you may interrogate the instrument if the
option is indeed installed on your unit. The Installed Options field in
the System display shows which of the options is installed in your
instrument. Information how to operate the menus and how to
access the System menu is given in Chapter 3.

Manual Changes

Technical corrections to this manual (if any) are listed in the back of
this manual on an enclosed MANUAL CHANGES sheet.

Safety
Considerations

The Model 2074 has been manufactured according to international
safety standards. The instrument meets EN61010-1 and UL1244
standards for safety of commercial electronic measuring and test
equipment for instruments with an exposed metal chassis that is
directly connected to earth via the chassis power supply cable.

WARNING

Do not remove instrument covers when operating the
instrument or when the power cord is connected to the
mains.

1-8

Any adjustment, maintenance and repair of an opened, powered-on
instrument should be avoided as much as possible, but when
necessary, should be carried out only by a skilled person who is
aware of the hazard involved.

Supplied
Accessories

The instrument is supplied with a CD that includes the User Manual,
ArbConnection and IVI engine and driver.

The instrument is supplied with a power cord and a CD which
contains ArbConnection, manual, IVI driver and supporting files.
USB, LAN and synchronization cables and a service manual are
available upon request.

Specifications

Instrument specifications are listed in Appendix A. These
specifications are the performance standards or limits against which
the instrument is tested. Specifications apply under the following
conditions: output terminated into 50 after 30 minutes of warm up
time, and within a temperature range of 20 oC to 30 oC.
Specifications outside this range are degraded by 0.1 % per oC.

Functional
Description

A detailed functional description is given in the following
paragraphs. The description is divided into logical groups: Front
panel input and output connectors, rear panel input and output
connectors, operating modes, output type, output state,
synchronization, and front panel indicators.

Front Panel
Connectors and
Indicators

The Model 2074 has 3 BNC connectors on its front panel: two main
outputs and one SYNC output. Each connector on the front panel
has an LED associated with it, indicating when the output is active
(LED on), or when inactive (LED off). The function of each of the
front panel connectors is described in the following paragraphs.

Main Output – CH1,
CH2, CH3 and CH4

The main output connectors generate fixed (standard) waveforms to
80 MHz, user (arbitrary), sequenced and modulated waveforms.
The arbitrary and sequenced waveforms are sampled with sampling
clock rate to 200 MS/s. Output source impedance is 50 , hence
the cable connected to this output should be terminated with 50
load resistance. If the output is connected to a different load
resistance, determine the actual amplitude from the following
equation:

1-9

The output amplitude is doubled when the output impedance is
above roughly 10 k.

SYNC Output

The SYNC output generates a single or multiple TTL pulses for
synchronizing other instruments (i.e., an oscilloscope) to the output
waveform. The SYNC signal always appears at a fixed point relative
to the waveform. The location of the pulse sync along the waveform
is programmable. The SYNC output is used as marker output when
the 2074 is programmed to one of the modulation functions. The
source of the sync can be programmed to source from channel 1 or
channel 2.

Front Panel
Controls

Front panel controls and keys are grouped in logical order to
provide efficient and quick access to instrument functions and
parameters. Refer to Figure 1-5 throughout the following
description to learn the purpose and effect of each front panel
control.

 

L

L

R

R







50

V2V progout

1

2

3

4 5 6

7

8

10 9 11

12

1-10

Figure 1-5, 2074 Front Panel Controls

Note

The index in the following paragraphs point to the
numbered arrows in Figure 1-6.

1. Power Switch – Toggles 2074 power ON and OFF

2. Menu Top – Selects the root menu. This button is disabled
during parameter editing

3. Menu Soft Keys – Soft keys have two functions:

1) Selects output function shape or operating mode,

2) Selects parameter to be audited

These buttons are disabled during parameter editing

4. Menu Back – Backs up one menu position. This button is
disabled during parameter editing

5. Cancel (Local) – Has two functions:

1) When in edit mode, cancels edit operation and restore
last value

2) When operating the 2074 from a remote interface,
none of the front panel buttons are active. The Local
button moves control back from remote to front panel
buttons

6. Enter (Man Trig) – Has two functions:

1) When multiple parameters are displayed on the
screen, the cursor and the dial scroll through the
parameters. Pressing Enter selects the parameter for
edit. After the parameter has been modified, the Enter
button locks in the new variable and releases the
buttons for other operations

2) When the 2074 is placed in “Triggered” run mode, the
Man Trig button can be used to manually trigger the
2074

7. Cursor UP, Down, Left and Right – Has two functions:

1) When multiple parameters are displayed on the
screen, the cursor and the dial scroll through the
parameters

2) When parameter is selected for editing, cursor buttons
right or left move the cursor accordingly. Cursor
buttons up or down modify parameter value
accordingly

8. Dial – Has similar functionality as the cursor UP and Down
keys

9. Numeral keypad – These keys are used for modifying an
edited parameter value

10. Parameter Suffixes (M, k, x1 and m) – These keys are used

1-11

to place suffix at the end of the parameter. They are also
used for terminating an edit operation

11. Program – Use keypads 1 through 4 to modify the screen to
display channels 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. These keys can
be used only when the 2074 is not in edit mode

12. ON/OFF – This key can be used only when the 2074 is not in
edit mode. The ON/OFF toggles output waveform, at the
output connector, on and off.

Rear Panel Input &
Output Connectors

The 2074 has a number of connectors on its rear panel. These
connectors are described below. Figure 1-6 shows rear panel plugs,
indicators, connectors and other parts.

TRIG IN

In general, the trigger input is used for stimulating output
waveforms at the main output connector(s). The trigger input is
inactive when the generator is in continuous operating mode. When
placed in trigger, gated or burst mode, the trigger input is made
active and waits for the right condition to trigger the instrument. The
trigger input is edge sensitive, i.e., it senses transitions from high to
low or from low to high.

Trigger level and edge sensitivity are programmable for the trigger
input. For example, if your trigger signal rides on a dc level, you
can offset the trigger level to the same level as your trigger signal,
thus assuring correct threshold for the trigger signal. The trigger
level is adjustable from -5 V to +5 V.

The trigger input is common to all channels. Therefore, if the 2074
is placed in trigger mode, all channels share the same mode and
the trigger input causes all channels to start generating waveforms
at the same time. Phase relationship between channels is tightly
controlled in trigger mode and therefore, you should expect the
channels to start generating waves with exactly the same start
phase. Further control of leading edge offset between channels is
also provided.

REF IN

This SMB connector accepts 10 MHz reference signal. The
reference input is available for those applications requiring better
accuracy and stability than what is provided by the 2074. The
reference input is active only after selecting the external reference
source mode. The reference input, by default, accepts TTL level
signals and the input impedance is 10 k however, the input can
be modified to accept 0 dBm sine waveformsand its impedance
modified to 50 . The modification is done by moving jumpers
internally. Information on the modification is provided to the user
upon request.

1-12

SYNC1, 2, 3 and 4

These BNC connectors generate synchronization signals, each for
every channel. The sync outputs ate active at all times, regardless
if the front panel main outputs were turned on or not and therefore,
if you leave cables hooked on these connectors, make sure they ca
not damage your equipment when you turn on the 2074.

LAN

This RG45 connector accepts standard Ethernet cable. Correct
setting of the IP address is required to avoid conflicts with other
instruments or equipment on the network. Information how to
change IP address and load instrument drivers to the computer is
provided in the Installation chapter of this manual.

USB

This connector accepts standard USB-1 cable. The connection to
the host computer is automatic and does not require any address
setting from within the 2074. The first time the 2074 is connected to
the computer, it will request the driver file. This file is located on the
CD which is supplied with the instrument. Information how to install
the driver is provided in the Installation chapter of this manual.

GPIB

This 24-pin connector accepts standard GPIB cable. The GPIB
address is configured using the front panel utility menu. The 2074
conforms to the IEEE-488.2 standard. Programming protocol is
SCPI version 1993.0. GPIB cables are available separately from
your Tabor dealer.

Figure 1-6, 2074 Rear Panel

1-13

AC LINE

This 3-prong AC LINE connector accepts ac line voltage. The 2074
senses the line voltage and sets the appropriate range
automatically. Therefore, the traditional line voltage selector is not
available on the rear panel. To avoid potentially hazardous
situations, always connect the center pin to mains ground using the
line cord that is supplied with the instrument.

AC FUSE

The AC fuse protects the 2074 from excessive current. Always
replace the fuse with the exact type and rating as printed on the
rear panel. If the fuse blows again after replacement, we
recommend that you refer your instrument immediately to the
nearest Tabor service center.

X-INST SYNC

The X_INST SYNC (Multi-Instrument Synchronization) group of is
comprised of four SMB connectors, designated as SCLK OUT/IN,
and COUPLE OUT/IN. Theses connectors are installed in your
instrument only if you ordered the multi-instrument synchronization
option. Besides the rear panel connectors, you should receive a
few other cables. Information how to connect and synchronize
between two or more instrument is given later in this manual.

SCLK OUT

This SMB connector outputs the programmed sample clock
frequency. Output level is 400mVp-p, terminated into 50. Note
that correct termination is necessary for this output otherwise you
will not see this signal at all. This output generates sample clock
waveforms continuously, regardless if the 2074 is operating in
continuous, trigger, or gated modes.

The sample clock output is used for multiple-instruments
synchronization. In master mode, connect this output with an SMB
to SMB cable to the SCLK IN on the adjacent slave instrument. You
may also use this output to synchronize other components in your
system to one master clock.

SCLK IN

This SMB connector accepts 300mVp-p to 1Vp-p into 50 level
signal. Normally, this input is disabled. When enabled, the clock at
this input replaces the internal clock generator and the 2074
generates waveforms having the external sample clock rate.

When synchronizing you 2074 as a slave unit, an SMB to SMB
cable is connected from the Master SCLK OUT connector to this
SCLK IN connector.

COUPLE OUT

This SMB connector outputs the coupling signals to the slave unit.
Output level is LVPECL, terminated into 50 to 1.3V. For multi­instrument synchronization, connect this output to the COUPLE IN

1-14

connector on the slave unit.

COUPLE IN

This SMB connector accepts coupling signals from the master unit.
Input level is LVPECL, terminated into 50 to 1.3V. For multi­instrument synchronization, connect this input to the COUPLE OUT
connector on the master unit.

Run Modes

The 2074 can be programmed to operate in one of four run modes:
Continuous, Triggered, Gated and counted Burst. There are two
other modes that can operate in conjunction with the basic four run
modes, these are: Delayed Trigger and Re-Trigger. The run modes
are common to all of the 2074 waveform output

Summary of run modes and optional trigger sources are listed in
Table 1-1. Information in this table also identifies legal run modes
and lists possible setting conflicts.

Continuous

In normal continuous mode, the selected waveform is generated
continuously at the selected frequency, amplitude and offset. Only
when operated from a remote interface, the output can be toggled
on and off using a trigger command.

Triggered

In triggered mode, the Model 2074 circuits are armed to generate
one output waveform. The trigger circuit is sensitive to transitions at
the trigger input. Select between positive or negative transitions to
trigger the instrument. You may also program the trigger level to the
desired threshold level. When triggered, the generator outputs one
waveform cycle and remains idle at the last point of the waveform.

The Model 2074 can be triggered from a number of sources:

1) Rear panel connector, designated as TRIG IN,

2) Front panel button marked as MAN TRIG (second function to
the Enter button), and

3) Bus commands that are applied to the instrument from any
interface, LAN, USB or GPIB.

Description of the various trigger source options is given in the
following paragraphs.

The trigger signal, whether it comes from an external source or from
an interface command, is routed through some electrical circuits.
These circuits cause some small delay known as system delay.
System delay cannot be eliminated completely. The system delay is
a factor that must be considered when applying a trigger signal. It
defines the time that will lapse from a valid trigger edge or software
command to the instant that the output reacts.

1-15

Burst

The burst mode is an extension of the triggered mode where the
Model 2074 can be programmed to output a pre-determined
number of waveforms. Note that the burst run mode cannot be
applied to sequenced waveform because the two functions share
the same circuit and therefore, whenever counted burst is selected
for sequenced waveforms, the generator will issue a setting conflict
error.

Run Mode

Trigger Option

Status

Continuous

External
Bus
Mixed
Delayed Trigger

Re-Trigger

(*) Output signal is toggled on and off

using interface triggers

Disabled
Active(*)
Disabled
Active

Disabled

Triggered

External
Bus
Mixed
Delayed Trigger
Re-Trigger

Active

Active

Active
Active
Active

Counted Burst

External
Bus
Mixed
Delayed Trigger
Re-Trigger

(*) Not in conjunction with Re-Trigger
(**) Not in conjunction with Mixed

Active

Active

Active(*)
Active
Active(**)

Gated

External

Bus

Mixed

Delayed Trigger

Re-Trigger

Active

Active

Disabled

Active

Disabled

Gated

In gated mode, the 2074 generates output waveforms between two
gating signal. Only hardware triggers can be used to open and
close the gate. The gate opens on the first trigger transition and
closes on the second transition. Trigger level and trigger slope are
programmable. Trigger delay and re-trigger do not apply to the
gated run mode.

Table 1-1, Run Modes and Trigger Source Options Summary

1-16

Delayed Trigger

The delayed trigger function is exactly the same as the trigger mode
except a programmable delay inhibits signal output for a pre­determined period after a valid trigger. The delay time defines the
time that will lapse from a valid trigger (hardware or software) to
output. The delay is programmable in steps of 20 ns from 200 ns to
20 s. The trigger delay can be applied to all run modes: continuous,
trigger and burst.

Re-Trigger

The Re-trigger run mode requires only one trigger command to start
a sequence of triggered or counted burst of signals. The re-trigger
delay defines the time that will lapse from the end of a signal to the
start of the next signal. Re-trigger delay is programmable in steps of
20 ns from 200 ns to 20 seconds.

Trigger Source

The Model 2074 can be triggered from a number of sources:

1) Rear panel connector, designated as TRIG IN;

2) Front panel button marked as MAN TRIG (second function to
the Enter button); and

3) Bus commands that are applied to the instrument from any
interface, LAN, USB or GPIB.

Description of the various trigger source options is given in the
following paragraphs. Summary of trigger options and optional
trigger sources are listed in Table 1-2, identifying legal operating
modes and listing possible setting conflicts.

External

When selecting the External trigger source, the rear panel TRIG IN
connector becomes active and every legal signal that is applied to
this input is causing the 2074 to trigger. Alternately, if an external
signal is not available, the front panel MAN TRIG button may also
be used to trigger the instrument. When EXT is selected, triggers
commands from a remote interface are ignored. EXT is the default
trigger source.

Bus

When selecting the Bus as a trigger source, the rear panel TRIG IN
connector and the front panel MAN TRIG button are disabled and
only trigger commands from a remote interface are accepted by the
instrument. Make sure that the appropriate trigger source is
selected if you mix remote and local operation.

1-17

Mixed

Mixed trigger advance source defines special trigger behavior
where the 2074 expects to first receive remote bus trigger and only
then accept hardware triggers. The first time that the 2074 is placed
in this mode, all EXT (rear and front panel hardware) triggers are
ignored until a remote *TRG is issued. Following the first software
trigger, subsequent triggers from the remote interface (software) are
ignored and only rear and front panel triggers are accepted by the
instrument.

Trigger
Option

Source/ Description

Status

External

Interface trigger commands
Rear panel TRIG IN connector

Front panel MAN TRIG button

Disabled
Active

Active

Bus

Interface trigger commands
Rear panel TRIG IN connector
Front panel MAN TRIG button

Active
Disabled
Disabled

Mixed

Interface trigger commands
Rear panel TRIG IN connector
Front panel MAN TRIG button
(*) First trigger from BUS only,

subsequent triggers from EXT only

Active(*)
Active(*)
Active(*)

Output Type

The Model 2074 can output five types of waveforms: Standard,
Arbitrary, Sequenced and Modulated waveforms. The various
output types are described in the following paragraphs.

Standard
Waveforms

The 2074 can generate an array of standard waveforms. The
waveforms are generated mathematically from standard equations
and converted to waveform coordinates that are downloaded to the
working memory. Unlike analog function generators that use
electrical circuits to produce the wave shapes, the 2074 must
compute the waveform coordinates every time a new function is
selected or every time the parameters of the function change.

The 2074 can produce 11 standard waveforms: sine, triangle,
square, ramp and pulse, sinc, gaussian and exponential pulses, dc
and Pseudo-random noise. Some of the waveforms parameters can
be modified such as start phase for sine and triangle, duty cycle for
square, rise and fall times for pulses etc. The standard waveforms

Table 1-2, Trigger Source Options Summary

1-18

are the most commonly used wave shapes and therefore were
collected to a library of standard waveforms that can be used
without the need to compute and download waveform coordinates.

The repetition rate of the standard waveforms is given in units of
Hz. Both channels share the same clock source and therefore,
when a standard function shape is selected for re-play, the
frequency of the waveforms is the same at the output connectors of
both channels. Also, when standard waveforms are used, both
channels share the same run mode, as well as delayed trigger and
re-trigger settings. On the other hand, each channel can have a
unique set of waveform, amplitude, offset and waveform
parameters without interference between the channels.

When both channels are programmed for standard waveforms, the
skew between the channels is minimal. Refer to Appendix A for the
skew between channels specification.

Figure 1-7 shows typical front panel for the standard waveform
display and Figure 1-8 shows typical standard waveform panel as
displayed when ArbConnection is used for remote programming.

Figure 1-7, Typical 2074 Standard Waveforms Display

1-19

Half Cycle
Waveforms

As a subset of the standard waveforms, the 2074 can generate
some of the waveforms, split into two half cycle. When generated
continuously, the second half cycle is delayed by a programmed
interval. In triggered mode, each trigger stimulates half cycle of the
selected function.

Three half cycle waveform shapes are available for generation:
Sine, triangle and square. Note when the half cycle function is
selected, both channels are placed in this mode automatically.

The repetition rate of the half cycle waveforms is given in units of
Hz. Both channels share the same clock source and therefore,
when a standard function shape is selected for re-play, the
frequency of the half cycle waveforms is the same at the output
connectors of both channels. Also, when half cycle waveforms are
selected, both channels share the same run mode, as well as
delayed trigger and re-trigger settings.

Figure 1-7 shows typical front panel for the standard waveform
display and Figure 1-8 shows typical standard waveform panel as
displayed when ArbConnection is used for remote programming.
Figure 1-9 shows typical front panel for the half cycle waveforms
display.

Figure 1-8, ArbConnection Example - Typical Standard Waveforms Panel

1-20

Arbitrary
Waveforms

One of the main functions of the Racal model 2074 is generating
real-life waveforms. These are normally not sinewaves and squares
but user specific waveforms. Generating such waveforms require
external utilities such as MatLAB or even spreadsheets but having
the program alone is not enough for the 2074; Once the waveform
is computed and defined, it must be converted to a format which the
instrument can accept and coordinates downloaded to the
generator memory for re-play.

Arbitrary waveforms are stored as digital XY coordinates in a
special memory, normally referred to as working memory. Each
coordinate is referred to as waveform point, or waveform sample.
The waveform is better defined if it has many waveform points. For
example, with only 8 point, sine waveform will hardly resemble the
shape of a sinewave and will look more like an up-down staircase,
but with 100 points, the same sine waveform will look almost
perfect.

The final shape of the waveform is produced by a DAC (Digital to
Analog Converter) The waveform samples are clocked to the DAC
at a rate defined by the sample clock frequency. The output of the
DAC converts the digital data to analog levels and passes on the
signal to the output amplifier. The shape of the function is more or
less the same as it comes out of the DAC except it could be
amplified or attenuated, depending on the require amplitude level.

The size of the working memory is limited to the way the hardware
was designed. The 2074 has 1Meg points available as standard (2
Meg point optional) to build one or more waveforms. There is no
need to use the entire memory for only one waveform; The memory
can be divided into smaller segments loaded with different
waveforms while the instrument can be programmed to output one
segment at a time.

Figure 1-9, Typical Half Cycle Display

1-21

The Model 2074 has separate arbitrary waveform memories for
each channel and each channel can be loaded with different
waveforms. Channels are not limited by the number of segments
and by the shape of the waveforms.

Figure 1-10 shows typical front panel for the arbitrary waveform
display and Figure 1-11 shows typical ArbConnection panel as
displayed when ArbConnection is used for remote programming.

Figure 1-10, Typical 2074 Arbitrary Waveforms Display

Figure 1-11, ArbConnection Example – Typical Arbitrary & Sequenced Waveforms Panel

1-22

Sequenced
Waveforms

The sequence generator is a very powerful tool that lets you link
and loop segments in any way you desire. The Model 2074 has two
separate sequence generators – one for each channel. Each
sequence generator is dedicated to its own channel.

The sequence circuit is useful for generating long waveforms with
repeated sections. The repeated waveform has to be programmed
once and the repeater will loop on this segment as many times as
selected. When in sequenced mode, there is no time gap between
linked or looped segments. Sequence tables must be loaded to the
generator before sequenced waveforms can be generated. The
data for the sequence table is first prepared on an external platform,
then downloaded to the generator.

As a simple example of a sequenced waveform, look at Figures 1­12 through 1-14. The waveforms shown in these figures were
placed in memory segments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The sequence
generator takes these three waveforms links and loops them in a
predefined order to generate the waveform shown in Figure 1-15.

Figure 1-12, Segment 1 Waveform – Sinc

Figure 1-13, Segment 2 Waveform - Sine

1-23

The following sequence was made of segment 2 repeated twice,
segment 1 repeated four times, and segment 3 repeated two times.

Figure 1-16 shows typical front panel entry for the above sequence

and Figure 1-17 shows the waveform studio as is typically being

used for building and generating the sequence table from remote.

Figure 1-14, Segment 3 Waveform - Pulse

Figure 1-15, Sequenced Waveform

1-24

Sequence Advance
Modes

As shown above, sequences are built as simple table of which
define link, segment, loops and advance bits. When placed in
sequenced mode, the output is changing from link to link in an
ascending order. The term Sequence Advance Modes defines what
is causing the instrument to step from link to link. There are four
basic advance modes that can be selected for the sequence mode:
Auto, Stepped, ingle and Mixed. These modes are explained in the
following paragraphs. Also note that there are some limitations that

Figure 1-16, Typical Front Panel Programming of a Sequence Table

Figure 1-17, ArbConnection Sequence Table Studio

1-25

should be observed while using the various sequenced advance
modes. These limitations are summarized in Table 1-3.

Auto

Auto advance sequence is the mode that you want to use when the
sequence is expected to run continuously from the first step in the
table to the last, and then resume from the first step. There are no
interrupts between steps and between the last and the first step of
the sequence. When auto mode is selected, the 2074 can also be
placed in triggered and gated run modes. The various run mode
options that are available for the auto advance mode are
summarized in Table 1-3.

Stepped

Stepped advance sequence is the mode that you want to use when
the sequence is expected to advance on triggers only. The trigger
source is selectable from either external or bus commands. The
step will run continuously until a trigger advances the sequence to
the next step. When the last step is reached, the next trigger will
advance to the first step in the sequence and this sequence will
repeat itself as long as triggers are applied to the generator. Note
that the generator operates in continuous run mode; Trying to place
it in trigger or gated run mode will issue a settings conflict error
message. The various run mode options that are available for the
step advance mode are summarized in Table 1-3.

Single

Single sequence advance is the mode that you want to use when
the sequence is expected to advance on triggers only. The trigger
source is selectable from either external or bus commands. The
step will run once until a trigger advances the sequence to the next
step. When the last step is reached, the next trigger will advance to
the first step in the sequence and this sequence will repeat itself as
long as triggers are applied to the generator. Note that the
generator operates in triggered run mode; Trying to place it in
continuous or gated run mode will issue a settings conflict error
message. The various run mode options that are available for the
single advance mode are summarized in Table 1-3.

Mixed

Mixed advance sequence is the mode that you want to use when
some steps of the sequence are expected to run as if in Auto
advance mode while some steps that are flagged should wait and
operate as if in Stepped sequence mode. The base run mode of the
instrument is continuous. The sequence will step through segments
of the table that are marked as continuous and will stop and wait for
a trigger on sequence steps that are marked with a special flag.
Note that the generator operates in continuous run mode; Trying to
place it in trigger or gated run mode will issue a settings conflict
error message. The various run mode options that are available for
the step advance mode are summarized in Table 1-3.

1-26

Run
Mode

Run Mode

Status

Trigger Option

Status

Auto

Continuous

Triggered

Gated

Burst

Active

Active

Active
Disabled

External
Bus
Mixed
Delayed Trigger
Re-Trigger

Active

Active

Disabled

Active
Disabled

Step

Continuous

Triggered

Gated

Burst

Active

Disabled

Disabled
Disabled

External
Bus
Mixed
Delayed Trigger
Re-Trigger

Active

Active

Disabled
Active
Disabled

Single

Continuous

Triggered

Gated

Burst

Disabled

Active

Disabled
Disabled

External
Bus
Mixed
Delayed Trigger
Re-Trigger

Active

Active

Disabled
Active
Disabled

Mixed

Continuous

Triggered

Gated

Burst

Active

Disabled

Disabled

Disabled

External
Bus
Mixed
Delayed Trigger
Re-Trigger

Active

Active

Disabled

Active

Disabled

Modulated
Waveforms

I & Q modulation is one of the fastest growing requirements for
digital waveform generation applications. The 2074 can generate
phase modulation and QAM modulation on all four channels where
each pair generates a separate modulation scheme. Having two
pairs of modulation channels is specifically helpful for speeding up
tests on parts in production.

Figure 1-18 shows a typical front panel entry for modulated
waveform and Figure 1-19 shows an ArbConnection example of a
modulation panel.

Table 1-3, Sequence Advance and Trigger Options Summary

1-27

Modulation Off

In modulation OFF, the output generates continuous Carrier
Waveform frequency. The carrier waveform is sinewave and its
frequency can be programmed using the CW Frequency menu. The
value programmed for the CW Frequency parameter, is used for all
other modulation functions.

(n)PSK

The (n)PSK function allows shifts through multiple phase and
amplitude positions to form phase shift constellations. There are 6
different types of phase shift keying that the 2074 can generate:
BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, pi/4DQPSK, 8PSK and 16PSK. The User
PSK can be used for generating non-standard phase shifts.

Figure 1-18, Typical Modulated waveform Display

Figure 1-19, ArbConnection Example – FM Modulation Panel

1-28

Programming the user PSK is easily done using very simple table
entries which define symbol and phase value. In this function, the
amplitude remains constant throughout the entire phase entries.

(n)QAM

The (n)QAM function is similar to the standard ASK function except
the output can shift to multiple amplitudes and phase positions to
form an amplitude/phase shift constellations. There are 4 different
types of Quadrature Amplitude Modulation that the 2074 can
generate: 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM. If another constellation
scheme is required, one can use the User QAM to design his/her
own symbol list and constellation.

Modulation Run
Modes

Run modes are shared by all waveforms that are generated by the
2074, including modulation. However, there are some limitations
that apply to the modulation functions. The modulation functions will
no operate in gated or burst mode, all other features that apply to
trigger are available for the user, including re-trigger and trigger
delay.

Auxiliary
Functions

The 2074, besides its standard waveform generation functions, has
two additional auxiliary functions that can transform the instrument
to one of two, stand-alone, full-featured, instruments: Digital Pulse
Generator and Counter/Timer. Operating instructions for the
auxiliary functions are given in Chapter 3. The following describes
these two auxiliary functions in general.

Digital Pulse
Generator

The digital pulse generator auxiliary function transforms the 2074
into a four-channel pulse generator with the capability to generate
pulses exactly as they would be generated by a stand-alone pulse
generator instrument. When using this function one could program
all pulse parameters in timing units. All pulse parameters are
programmable including period, pulse width, rise and fall times,
delay, polarity and more. Operating instructions for the digital pulse
generator are given in Chapter 3. Model 2074 front panel and
ArbConnection control panel examples for the digital pulse
generator function are shown in figures 1-20 and 1-21, respectively.

1-29

Counter/Timer

The counter/timer auxiliary function transforms the 2074 into a
counter/timer instrument with the capability to measure parameters
exactly as they would be measured by a stand-alone counter/timer
instrument. When using this function one could select the
measurement function, gate time trigger level and hold the
measurement till condition requires a reading. The readings are
taken and displayed on the LCD display, or passed on the remote
interface to the host computer for further processing. Operating
instructions for the counter/timer are given in Chapter 3. 2074 front
panel and ArbConnection control panel examples for the
counter/timer are shown in figures 1-22 and 1-23, respectively.

Figure 1-20, 2074 Digital Pulse Generator Menu Example

Figure 1-21, ArbConnection Digital Pulse Generator Panel Example

1-30

Output State

The main outputs can be turned on or off. The internal circuit is
disconnected from the output connector by a mechanical switch
(relay). This feature is useful for connecting the main outputs to an
analog bus. For safety reasons, when power is first applied to the
chassis, the main output is always off.

Customizing the
Output Units

There are some parameters that could be customized for easier fit
of the output; These are: horizontal time units, load impedance, 10
MHz reference source and sample clock source. Information on the
customization options is given in chapter 3.

Figure 1-22, 2074 Counter/Timer Menu Example

Figure 1-23, ArbConnection Counter/Timer Panel Example

1-31

Programming the
Model 2074

The Model 2074 has no controls on its front panel. Instrument
functions, parameters, and modes can only be accessed through

VXIbus commands. There are a number of ways to “talk” to the

instrument. They all require that an appropriate software driver be
installed in the Resource Manager (slot 0). The rest is a matter of
practice and knowledge of the language in use. There are other
system considerations like address selection that have to be settled
before programming the instrument. These topics are discussed in
later chapters.

Low level programming of the Model 2074 is done using SCPI
commands. Programming aspects are covered in Chapters 4. High
level drivers like IVI drivers are beyond the scope of this manual.
Contact your Tabor representative for more information about high
level drivers for the Model 2074.

1-32

Chapter 2

Configuring the Instrument

Title Page

Installation Overview............................................................................................................ 2-2

Unpacking and Initial Inspection.......................................................................................... 2-2

Safety Precautions............................................................................................................... 2-2

Performance Checks ........................................................................................................... 2-3

Power Requirements ........................................................................................................... 2-3

Grounding Requirements..................................................................................................... 2-3

Long Term Storage or Repackaging for Shipment

Preparation for Use.............................................................................................................. 2-4

Installation............................................................................................................................ 2-4

Installing Software Utilities...................................................................................................2-5

Controlling the Instrument from Remote.............................................................................. 2-5

Connecting to a Remote interface ....................................................................................... 2-6

Selecting a Remote interface............................................................................................... 2-6

GPIB Configuration .......................................................................................................... 2-7

USB Configuration............................................................................................................ 2-8

LAN Configuration............................................................................................................ 2-14

Choosing a Static IP Address....................................................................................... 2-15

............................................................. 2-4

2074

User Manual

Installation Overview

Unpacking and Initial Inspection

Safety Precautions

This chapter contains information and instructions necessary to
prepare the Model 2074 for operation. Details are provided for
initial inspection, grounding safety requirements, repackaging
instructions for storage or shipment, installation information and
Ethernet address configuration.

Unpacking and handling of the generator requires normal
precautions and procedures applicable to handling of sensitive
electronic equipment. The contents of all shipping containers should
be checked for included accessories and certified against the
packing slip to determine that the shipment is complete.

The following safety precautions should be observed before using
this product. Although some instruments and accessories would
normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations
where hazardous conditions may be present.

CAUTION

This product is intended for use by qualified persons
who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the
safety precautions required to avoid possible injury.
Read the operating information carefully before using
the product.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal
voltage may be present on power cables, connector jacks, or test
fixtures. The American National Standard Institute (ANSI) states
that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V
RMS, 42.4V peak or 60 VDC are present.

WARNING

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test
cables, or any other instrument parts while power is
applied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power
from the entire test system before connecting cables or
jumpers, installing or removing cards from the
computer, or making internal changes such as changing
the module address.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current
path to the common side of the circuit under test or
power line (earth) ground. Always keep your hands dry
while handling the instrument.

2-2

Configuring the Instrument

Performance Checks

2

Performance Checks

Power Requirements

When using test fixtures, keep the lid closed while power is applied
to the device under test. Carefully read the Safety Precautions
instructions that are supplied with your test fixtures.

Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and
all test cables. Only qualified service personnel should perform
maintenance.

The instrument has been inspected for mechanical and electrical
performance before shipment from the factory. It is free of physical
defects and in perfect electrical order. Check the instrument for
damage in transit and perform the electrical procedures outlined in
the section entitled Unpacking and Initial Inspection.

The function generator may be operated from a wide range of
mains voltage 85 to 265 Vac. Voltage selection is automatic and
does not require switch setting. The instrument operates over the
power mains frequency range of 48 to 63Hz. Always verify that the
operating power mains voltage is the same as that specified on the
rear panel.

Grounding Requirements

The 2074 should be operated from a power source with its neutral
at or near ground (earth potential). The instrument is not intended
for operation from two phases of a multi-phase ac system or across
the legs of a single-phase, three-wire ac power system. Crest factor
(ratio of peak voltage to rms.) should be typically within the range of

1.3 to 1.6 at 10% of the nominal rms. mains voltage.

To ensure the safety of operating personnel, the U.S. O.S.H.A.
(Occupational Safety and Health) requirement and good
engineering practice mandate that the instrument panel and
enclosure be “earth” grounded. Although BNC housings are
isolated from the front panel, the metal part is connected to earth
ground.

WARNING

Do not attempt to float the output from ground as it may
damage the Model 2074 and your equipment.

2-3

2074

User Manual

Long Term Storage or Repackaging for Shipment

If the instrument is to be stored for a long period of time or shipped
to a service center, proceed as directed below. If repacking
procedures are not clear to you or, if you have questions, contact
your nearest Tabor Electronics Representative, or the Tabor
Electronics Customer Service Department.

1. Repack the instrument using the wrappings, packing material
and accessories originally shipped with the unit. If the original
container is not available, purchase replacement materials.

2. Be sure the carton is well sealed with strong tape or metal
straps.

3. Mark the carton with the model and serial number. If it is to

be shipped, show sending and return address on two sides of
the box.

If the instrument is to be shipped to Tabor Electronics
for calibration or repair, attach a tag to the instrument
identifying the owner. Note the problem, symptoms, and
service or repair desired. Record the model and serial
number of the instrument. Show the RMA (Returned
Materials Authorization) order as well as the date and
method of shipment. ALWAYS OBTAIN AN RMA
NUMBER FROM THE FACTORY BEFORE SHIPPING THE
2074 TO TABOR ELECTRONICS.

NOTE

Preparation for Use

Installation

2-4

Preparation for use includes removing the instrument from the
container box, installing the software and connecting the cables to
its input and output connectors.

If this instrument is intended to be installed in a rack, it must be
installed in a way that clears air passage to its cooling fans. For
inspection and normal bench operation, place the instrument on the
bench in such a way that will clear any obstructions to its rear fan to
ensure proper airflow.

Using the 2074 without proper airflow will result in
damage to the instrument.

CAUTION

Configuring the Instrument

Installing Software Utilities

2

Installing Software Utilities

The 2074 is supplied with a CD that contains the following
programs: IVI Driver, ArbConnection, USB driver and some other
utilities to aid you with the operation of the instrument. For bench
operation, all that you need from the CD is this manual however, it
is recommended that you stow away the CD in a safe place in case
you’ll want to use the 2074 from a host computer or in a system.

The IVI driver is a useful utility that provides standard
communication and commands structure to control the 2074 from
remote. Programming examples are also available to expedite your
software development. The IVI driver comes free with the 2074
however, you’ll need the IVI engine and visa32.dll run time utilities
to be able to use the IVI driver. The additional utilities can be
downloaded for free from NI’s (National instrument) web site –

www.ni.com.

ArbConnection is a user friendly program that lets you control
instruments functions and features from a remote computer. It also
lets you generate and edit arbitrary waveforms on the screen, build
sequence tables, modulating signals and much more and then
download the signals to your 2074 without the hustle of writing
complex programs and utilities. This is also a great tool for you to
experiment simple, or complex command string to gain experience
before you write your own code. ArbConnection has a command
editor feature that allows direct low-level programming of the 2074
using SCPI commands, just as you will be using them in your
program. Installation of ArbConnection is simple and intuitive and
only requires that visa32.dll runtime file be added to your Windows
system folder. Download the file from NI’s (National instrument)
web site –
ArbConnection are given in Chapter 4.

www.ni.com. Installation and operating instruction for

Controlling the Instrument from Remote

The USB driver is required if you intend to connect the 2074 to a
host computer on a USB bus. Information how to connect the USB
cable and how to load the software is given in this chapter.

In general, the 2074 can be controlled from remote using one of the
following interfaces: USB, Ethernet and GPIB. Remote interface
cables are not supplied with the instrument so if you plan on using
one of the remote programming option, make sure you have a
suitable cable to connect to your host computer. The following
paragraphs describe how to connect and configure the 2074 to
operate from remote. The description is given for computers fitted
with Windows XP but little changes will show while installing
software on different Windows versions.

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User Manual

Connecting to a Remote interface

You can connect your Tabor 2074 to GPIB, USB, or LAN adapters,
depending on your application and requirements from your system.
Installing interface adapters in your computer will not be described
in this manual since the installation procedures for these adapters
change frequently. You must follow the instructions supplied with
your particular adapter. Before proceed with the remote interface
installation, install an adapter card and follow the instructions in the
following paragraphs.

GPIB Connection

Direct connection between a host computer and a single device
with GPIB is not recommended since GPIB adapter is usually
expensive and is not really required for direct connection. Use GPIB
connection in cases where download speed is critical to the system
or when you already have GPIB system in place and you are
adding the 2074 as a GPIB device. The GPIB port is connected with
a special 24-wire cable. Refer interconnection issues to your GPIB
supplier. After you connect the 2074 to the GPIB port, proceed to
the GPIB Configuration section in this chapter for instructions how
to select a GPIB address.

USB Connection

Direct connection between a single host computer and a single
device with USB is most recommended as this does not require any
specific considerations and device configuration. Just connect your
Tabor 2074 to your PC using a standard USB cable and the
interface will self configure. After you connect the 2074 to the USB
port, proceed to the USB Configuration section in this chapter for
instructions how to install the USB driver.

Selecting a Remote interface

LAN Connection

Direct connection between a single host computer and a single
device with 10/100 BaseT is possible, but you must use a special
cable that has its transmit and receive lines crossed. If your site is
already wired connect the 2074 via twisted pair Ethernet cable.
Take care that you use twisted pair wires designed for 10/100
BaseT network use (phone cables will not work). Refer
interconnection issues to your network administrator. After you
connect the 2074 to the LAN port, proceed to the LAN Configuration
section in this chapter for instructions how to set up LAN
parameters.

The 2074 is supplied by the factory with the active remote interface
set to USB. If you intend to use USB connection, then all you need
to do is connect your USB cable and proceed with the USB
Configuration instructions as given in this chapter to install the USB
driver and to configure the USB port (first connection only). If you
already used your instrument in various platforms and want to re­select your interface

2-6

Configuring the Instrument

Selecting a Remote interface

To select an active Interface, you need to access the Select
Interface screen as shown in Figure 2-1. To access this screen
press the TOP menu button, then select the Utility soft key and
scroll down with the dial to the Remote Setup option and press the
Enter key. The Select Interface soft key will update the display with
the interface parameters.

Use the curser keys left and right to point to the required interface
option then press Enter. The new interface will Initialize and the
icon at the top will be updated and will flag the active interface
option.

The interface icon is always displayed at the top of the screen so if
you are not sure which of the interfaces is selected, compare the
following icons to what you have on the screen:

Designates GPIB interface is selected and active. GPIB

configuration is required to communicate with your PC.

Designates USB interface is selected and active. First

connection requires USB configuration and software driver
installation to communicate with your PC.

2

Designates LAN interface is selected and active. LAN

configuration is required to communicate with your PC.

Figure 2-1, Selecting a Remote interface

GPIB Configuration

GPIB configuration requires an address setting only. If you intend to
use more than one instrument on the bus, you have to make sure
each device has a unique address setting. GPIB address is
programmed from the front panel Utility menu as shown in Figure 2-

2. To access this screen press the TOP menu button, then select
the Utility soft key and scroll down with the dial to the Remote Setup

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User Manual

option and press the Enter key. The GPIB soft key will update the
display with the GPIB address parameter. The default address is 4.
To modify the address, press the Enter key and use the dial or
keypad to select the new address. Press Enter for the 2074 to
accept the new address setting.

Note

Configuring your GPIB address setting does not
automatically select the GPIB as your active remote
interface. Setting a remote interface is done from the
Select interface menu. Information how to select and
Interface is given hereinbefore.

USB Configuration

2-8

Figure 2-2, GPIB Configuration Screen

The USB requires no front panel configuration parameters.
Following simple installation steps as shown later, just connect your
Tabor 2074 to your PC using a standard USB cable and the
interface will self configure. The first time you connect the
generator to your PC, the new hardware will be detected and the
message as shown in Figure 2-3 will appear:

Configuring the Instrument

Selecting a Remote interface

Figure 2-3, USB Device Detected

2

Figure 2-4, Found New Hardware Wizard

Immediately thereafter, the Found New Hardware Wizard will open,
as shown in Figure 2-4. Select the Install from a list or specific
Location option and click on next. At this time insert the installation
CD into your CD driver. If you know the logical letter for your CD
drive, type in the information in the path field. If you are not sure
where this driver is, click on the Browse button and look for the
path. Check the appropriate controls as shown in Figure 2-5 and
then click on Next. With Service Pack 2 only, you’ll be prompted
with a Windows Logo Warning message, as shown in figure 2-6,
advising you that the software has not been verified for its
compatibility with Windows XP. Click on Continue Anyway. To
complete the process press on Finish, as shown in Figure 2-7.

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Figure 2-5, Choose Your Search and installation Options

2-10

Figure 2-6, Windows Logo Warning Message

Configuring the Instrument

Selecting a Remote interface

Figure 2-7, New Hardware Found and Software installed

2

Figure 2-8, Found New Hardware - USB Serial Port

Figure 2-7 shows that the Tabor 2074 USB Waveform Generator
has been found and software driver installed. However, the process
does not end at this point but continues to assign a logical port
address to the USB driver. After you click on Finish, the Found New
Hardware message appears however, this time it has found a USB
serial port, as shown in Figure 2-8.

Proceed with the installation till a logical drive is assigned to the
USB port. The process is very similar to what you have done
before, just select the path and options in the next dialog box and
click on Next as shown in Figure 2-9. With Service Pack 2 only,
you’ll be prompted with a Windows Logo Warning message, as
shown in figure 2-10, advising you that the software has not been
verified for its compatibility with Windows XP. Click on Continue
Anyway. To complete the process click on Finish, as shown in
Figure 2-11.

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User Manual

Figure 2-9, Choose Your Search and installation Options

2-12

Figure 3-10, Windows Logo Warning Message

Configuring the Instrument

Selecting a Remote interface

2

Figure 2-11, New Hardware Found and Software installed

The process above detected a USB device and installed the
software for it, then it has assigned a Serial Port address to the
USB post. In fact, this ends the process unless you want to verify
that the drivers and the port are correctly assigned on your PC.

To make sure your USB port and the Tabor 2074 configured
correctly, compare your Device Manager to the example in Figure
2-12.

Note

Configuring your USB setting does not automatically
select the USB as your active remote interface. Setting a
remote interface is done from the Select interface menu.
Information how to select and Interface is given
hereinbefore.

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User Manual

Figure 2-12, Model 2074 Configured for USB Operation

LAN Configuration

There are several parameters that you may have to set to establish
network communications using the LAN interface. Primarily you’ll
need to establish an IP address. You may need to contact your
network administrator for help in establishing communications with
the LAN interface. To change LAN configuration, you need to
access the LAN 10/100 screen as shown in Figure 2-13. To access
this screen press the TOP menu button, then select the Utility soft
key and scroll down with the dial to the Remote Setup option and
press the Enter key. The LAN 10/100 soft key will update the
display with the LAN parameters.

Note there are some parameters that are shown on the display that
cannot be accessed or modified; These are: Physical Address and
Host Name. These parameters are set in the factory and are unique
for product. The only parameters that can be modified are the IP
Address, the Subnet mask and the Default gateway. Correct setting
of these parameters is essential for correct interfacing with the LAN
network. Description of the LAN settings and information how to
change them is given in the following.

2-14

Configuring the Instrument

Selecting a Remote interface

Note

Configuring your LAN setting does not automatically
select the LAN as your active remote interface. Setting a
remote interface is done from the Select interface menu.
Information how to select and Interface is given
herinbefore.

2

Figure 2-13, LAN Configuration Screen

There are three LAN parameters in this screen that can be modified
and adjusted specifically to match your network setting; These are
described below. Consult your network administrator for the setting
that will best suit your application.

• IP address - The unique, computer-readable address of a

device on your network. An IP address typically is represented
as four decimal numbers separated by periods (for example,

192.160.0.233). Refer to the next section - Choosing a Static IP
Address.

• Subnet mask - A code that helps the network device determine

whether another device is on the same network or a different
network.

• Gateway IP - The IP address of a device that acts as a

gateway, which is a connection between two networks. If your
network does not have a gateway, set this parameter to 0.0.0.0.

Choosing a Static IP Address

For a Network Administered by a Network Administrator

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If you are adding the Ethernet device to an existing Ethernet
network, you must choose IP addresses carefully. Contact your
network administrator to obtain an appropriate static IP address for
your Ethernet device. Also have the network administrator assign
the proper subnet mask and gateway IP.

For a Network without a Network Administrator

If you are assembling your own small Ethernet network, you can
choose your own IP addresses. The format of the IP addresses is
determined by the subnet mask. You should use the same subnet
mask as the computer you are using with your Ethernet device. If
your subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, the first three numbers in every
IP address on the network must be the same. If your subnet mask
is 255.255.0.0, only the first two numbers in the IP addresses on
the network must match.

For either subnet mask, numbers between 1 and 254 are valid
choices for the last number of the IP address. Numbers between 0
and 255 are valid for the third number of the IP address, but this
number must be the same as other devices on your network if your
subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.

Table 2-1 shows examples of valid and invalid IP addresses for a
network using subnet mask 255.255.255.0. All valid IP addresses
contain the same first three numbers. The IP addresses in this table
are for example purposes only. If you are setting up your own
network, you probably do not have a gateway, so you should set
these values to 0.0.0.0.

Table 2-1, Valid and Invalid IP Addresses for Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0

IP Address Comment

123.234.45.211 Valid.

123.234.45.213 Valid. The first three numbers match the previous IP address. The fourth number
must be a unique number in the range of 1 to 254.

123.202.45.214 Invalid. Second number does not match the previous IP addresses. The first three
numbers must match on all IP addresses with subnet mask 255.255.255.0.

123.234.45.0 Invalid. The first three numbers are valid but the fourth number cannot be 0.

123.234.45.255 Invalid. The first three numbers are valid but the fourth number cannot be 255.

2-16

TIP

To find out the network settings for your computer, perform

Configuring the Instrument

Selecting a Remote interface

the following steps:

• For Windows 98/Me/2000/XP

1. Open a DOS prompt.

2. Type IPCONFIG.

3. Press <Enter>.

If you need more information, you can run ipconfig with the
/all option by typing IPCONFIG /all at the DOS prompt. This
shows you all of the settings for the computer. Make sure you
use the settings for the LAN adapter you are using to
communicate with the LAN device.

• For Windows 95

1. Open a DOS prompt.

2. Type WINIPCFG.

3. Press <Enter>.

2

Select the Ethernet adapters you are using to
communicate with the Ethernet device from the drop­down list.

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2-18

Chapter 3

Using the Instrument

Title Page

Overview ..............................................................................................................................3-3

Inter-Channel Dependency ..................................................................................................3-3

Inter-Channel Phase Dependency ................................................................................3-3

Output Termination ..............................................................................................................3-4

Input / Output

Power On/Reset Defaults ....................................................................................................3-4

Resetting the 2074...............................................................................................................3-5

Controlling the 2074.............................................................................................................3-6

2074 Front Panel Menus...................................................................................................... 3-8

Enabling the Outputs .........................................................................................................3-12

Selecting a Waveform Type............................................................................................... 3-13

Changing the Output Frequency........................................................................................ 3-14

Changing the Sample Clock Frequency ............................................................................3-15

Programming the Amplitude and Offset............................................................................. 3-16

Selecting a Run Mode........................................................................................................ 3-18

Triggered Mode ...........................................................................................................3-19

Delayed Trigger ...........................................................................................................3-20

Re-Trigger....................................................................................................................3-20

Gated Mode .................................................................................................................3-21

Burst Mode ..................................................................................................................3-22

Using the Manual Trigger................................................................................................... 3-23

Using the SYNC Output ..................................................................................................... 3-23

Applying Filters ..................................................................................................................3-24

Selecting the SCLK Source and Reference....................................................................... 3-25

Generating Standard Waveforms ......................................................................................3-25

Generating Arbitrary Waveforms .......................................................................................3-35

What Are Arbitrary Waveforms?..................................................................................3-36

Generating Arbitrary Waveforms .................................................................................3-36

Generating Sequenced Waveforms................................................................................... 3-38

Protection ......................................................................................................3-4

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2074

User Manual

What Are Sequenced Waveforms?.............................................................................3-39

Editing the Sequence Table ........................................................................................3-41

Selecting Sequence Advance Modes .........................................................................3-43

Generating Modulated Waveforms .................................................................................... 3-45

Off................................................................................................................................3-45

(n)PSK .....................................................................................................................3-46

User PSK .................................................................................................................3-48

(n)QAM ....................................................................................................................3-49

User QAM ................................................................................................................3-50

Using the Auxiliary Functions............................................................................................. 3-51

Using the Digital Pulse Generator...............................................................................3-52

Pulse Generator Menus...........................................................................................3-54

Pulse Design Limitations.................................................................................................... 3-56

Using the Counter/Timer .............................................................................................3-58

Accessing the Counter/Timer Menus ..........................................................................3-58

Selecting a Counter/Timer Function............................................................................3-59

Counter/Timer Menus ..............................................................................................3-60

Counter/Timer Limitations .......................................................................................3-61

Using the Half Cycle Waveforms ....................................................................................... 3-62

Accessing the half Cycle Menus .................................................................................3-62

Half Cycle Menus.....................................................................................................3-63

Synchronizing Multiple Instruments ............................................................................3-64

Connecting the instruments.....................................................................................3-65

Selecting a Master ...................................................................................................3-65

Operating Synchronized Instruments ......................................................................3-68

Understanding the Basics of Phase Offset between Channels ..................................3-69

Adjusting Phase Offset for Standard Waveforms....................................................3-69

Adjusting Phase Offset for Arbitrary Waveforms.....................................................3-72

Adjusting Phase Offset for Modulated Waveforms..................................................3-72

Customizing the Output Units ............................................................................................ 3-72

Selecting the Horizontal Units ..................................................................................... 3-72

Adjusting Load Impedance..........................................................................................3-73

Monitoring the Internal Temperature.................................................................................. 3-73

3-2

Using the Instrument

Overview

3

Overview

This chapter contains information about how to operate the Tabor

2074. Operation is divided into two general categories: basic bench
operation, and remote operation (GPIB, USB and ENET). Basic
bench operation, which is covered in this section, describes how to
operate the arbitrary waveform generator using front panel
sequences. The 2074 is supplied with ArbConnection, a PC based
software package with a graphical user interface to allow users to
program all of the functions directly. LabView drivers and a set of
SCPI commands are available for more experienced programmers.

The following paragraphs describe the various modes of operation
and give examples of how to program the Model 2074. The manual
is organized by instrument function and instructions are given in
each paragraph on how to use the function from both the front
panel and ArbConnection.

NOTE

This manual is common to Models 5064, Model 1074
and Model 2074. Features and functions are described
for the Model 2074 and the variations are described in
Appendix A. The main differences are related to the
highest sampling clock rate and the output frequency. If
you purchased either Model 5064 or Model 1074, refer to
the specification list and ignore references to frequency
and sample clock limits that exceed those which are
listed in Appendix A.

Inter-Channel Dependency

Inter-Channel Phase Dependency

The 2074 has four output channels. Although this is a four-channel
instrument, many of the commands that set parameters and
functions are shared by all other channels. For example, sample
clock and run modes can not be set separately for each channel.
On the other hand, you may program each channel to have
different function shape, amplitude and offset. Table 3-1 lists the
function and parameters and their related Inter-channel
dependency.

The 2074 has only one sample clock source, which means that
waveform samples are clocked simultaneously on both channels.
Therefore, if you are looking to have completely separated
channels, with no correlation between the two signals, this is not
the right instrument for you. However, most applications for
multiple channels generator require phase correlation between the
outputs and this is the way the 2074 is constructed. Shared sample
clock source assures that both channels start generating signals
exactly on the same phase and, in addition, there is an assurance
that there is no jitter between the channels. Inter-channel phase
control is described later in this chapter, in the Using the Auxiliary
Functions section.

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User Manual

Output Termination

Input / Output Protection

During use, output connectors must be properly terminated to
minimize signal reflection or power loss due to impedance
mismatch. Proper termination is also required for accurate
amplitude levels at the output connectors. Use 50Ω cables and
terminate the main and SYNC cables with terminating resistors.
Always place the 50 Ω termination at the far end of the cables.

Note that the display reading of the amplitude level is calibrated to
show the actual level on the load, when the load impedance is
exactly 50 Ω. There are cases however, where the load has
different impedance so, in that case, the display reading will
indicate a different reading than the actual amplitude level on the
load. The 2074 provides a customization menu where the load
impedance can be changed from 50 Ω to other values. Information
how to customize the 2074 is given later in this chapter.

The Model 2074 provides protection for internal circuitry connected
to input and output connectors. Refer to the specifications in
Appendix A to determine the level of protection associated with
each input or output connector.

WARNING

Power On/Reset Defaults

The outputs can only be connected to resistive loads.
Connecting the 2074 to inductive or capacitive load may
damage the output and void the warranty on the
instrument.

The 2074 utilizes non-volatile memory backup that automatically
stores the last setup before the generator has been turned off.
Every time you turn on the instrument, the non-volatile memory
updates the front panel setting with modes, parameters and
waveforms from its last setting with only one exception, for safety
reasons, the outputs remain off even if they were turned on before
powering down the 2074.

After power on, the instrument displays information messages and
updates the display with the last setup information. The 2074 can
always be reset to its default values; Information on how to restore
default parameters is given below.

NOTE

3-4

The non-volatile memory is backed up by a set of

rechargeable batteries. The batteries are being charged
only when the instrument is plugged into the mains
outlet and the power is turned on. Minimum charge time
that will assure reasonable back up power is 48 hours.
After charging the batteries, you may expect that front
panel settings will remain unaffected for a period of
roughly 4 hours. Longer backup periods are not
guaranteed so if you need to keep your settings without
interruptions, make sure the instrument is always
connected to the mains power and the power to the 2074
is left on.

Using the Instrument

Resetting the 2074

3

Resetting the
2074

If you are not yet fully familiar with front panel operation of the 2074,
you may find yourself locked into a "dead-end" situation where
nothing operates the way it should. The fastest way to restore the
generator to a known state is by resetting the instrument to factory
defaults.

Observe Figure 3-1 and reset parameters to factory defaults as
follows:

1. Press the Utilities soft key

2. Scroll down to the, or

Press button 3 to restore factory defaults

3.

Table 3-1 summarizes factory defaults for the most common
parameters. A complete list of all parameters, their defaults, as well
as their maximum and minimum values is given in Chapter 4.

Figure 3-1, Reset 2074 to Factory Defaults

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User Manual

Table -1, Default Conditions After Reset

Function / Parameter

Outputs State: Off Separate

SYNC State: Off Common

Operating Mode: Continuous Common

Active Channel: 1 Separate

Digital Pattern State: Off Separate

Output Function: Standard Separate

Output Function Shape: Sine Separate

Standard Wave Frequency: 1 MHz Common

User Wave Sample Clock: 10 MS/s Common

Sample Clock Source & Reference: Internal Common

Amplitude: 5 V Separate

Offset: 0 V Separate

Filter State: Off Separate

Filter Type: Auto Separate

Trigger Slope: Positive Common

Trigger Level: 1.6 V Common

Default

Inter-Channel Dependency

Trigger Source: External Common

Trigger Delay: Off Common

Re-Trigger: Off Common

Modulation State: Off Common

Controlling the 2074

Controlling 2074 function, modes and parameters is simply a matter
of pressing once or twice the appropriate button as described in the
following paragraphs. Refer to Figure 3-2 throughout this
description.

1. Power Switch – Toggles 2074 power ON and OFF

2. Menu Top – Selects the root menu. This button is disabled

during parameter editing

3. Menu Soft Keys – Soft keys have two functions:

1) Selects output function shape or operating mode,

2) Selects parameter to be audited
These buttons are disabled during parameter editing

4. Menu Back – Backs up one menu position. This button is

disabled during parameter editing

3-6

5. Cancel (Local) – Has two functions:

A

1) When in edit mode, cancels edit operation and restore last
value

2) When operating the 2074 from a remote interface, none of
the front panel buttons are active. The Local button moves
control back from remote to front panel buttons

Using the Instrument

Controlling the 2074

3

11 12

9

2

3

B

C

D

1

4

Figure

6. Enter (MAN TRIG) – Has two functions:

3-2, 2074 Front Panel Operation

1) When multiple parameters are displayed on the screen,
the cursor and the dial scroll through the parameters.
Pressing Enter selects the parameter for edit. After the
parameter has been modified, the Enter button locks in
the new variable and releases the buttons for other
operations

2) When the 2074 is placed in “Triggered” run mode, the
Man Trig button can be used to manually trigger the 2074

5 6

8

10

7

7. Cursor UP, Down, Left and Right – Has two functions:

1) When multiple parameters are displayed on the screen,
the cursor and the dial scroll through the parameters

2) When parameter is selected for editing, cursor buttons
right or left move the cursor accordingly. Cursor buttons
up or down modify parameter value accordingly

8. Dial – Has similar functionality as the cursor UP and Down

keys

9. Numeral keypad – These keys are used for modifying an

edited parameter value

10. Parameter Suffixes (M, k, x1 and m) – These keys are used

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2074

User Manual

to place suffix at the end of the parameter. They are also
used for terminating an edit operation

11. Program – Use the Program keys to modify the screen to

display parameters from channel 1, 2, 3 or 4. These keys can
be used only when the 2074 is not in edit mode

12. ON/OFF – This key can be used only when the 2074 is not in

edit mode. The ON/OFF toggles output waveform on and off
at the output connector.

2074 Front Panel
Menus

The 2074 has over 300 parameters that control functions, modes,
waveforms and auxiliary functions. Due to the complexity of the
product, the functions were divided to logical groups and sub­groups and access to these groups is provided using the soft key
menus. There are five main menus, of which can be accessed after
pressing the TOP soft key; These are shown in Figure 3-1 and are
mark as item 3 (A, B, C and D). The main menus are Waveform,
Run Mode, Utility, Outputs and Auxiliary. Each main menu provides
access to sub-menus as summarized in Tables 3-2 to 3-5. Note that
the description in these tables is given for general understanding of
what is available in terms of operating the instrument. For detailed
instructions, check the appropriate section of the manual.

Table

Soft
Key

A Waveform

A Standard
A Wave Shape Select from a wave shapes list
B Frequency Programs standard waveform frequency
C Amplitude Programs output amplitude
D Offset Programs output amplitude offset

↓D (*) Phase Parameters depend on selected shape

↓D Reset Parameters Resets parameters for this waveform only

B Arbitrary
A Sample Clock Programs sample clock frequency
B Amplitude Programs output amplitude
C Offset Programs output amplitude offset
D Active Segment Selects the active arbitrary waveform segment

↓D Wave Composer Provides access to the waveform composer
↓D Delete Segments Deletes a specific segment

TOP
Menu

2nd Level
Menu

-2, Front Panel Waveform Menus

3rd Level
Menu

Notes

Provides access to initial selection of the
waveform type. Selects from Standard,
Arbitrary, Sequenced and Modulated

(*) ↓D denotes you have to scroll down to access the menu. Scroll using the arrows up or down or the dial.

3-8

Using the Instrument

2074 Front Panel Menus

3

Table 3 -2, Front Panel Waveform Menus (continued)

Soft
Key

↓D Amplitude Programs output amplitude
↓D Offset Programs output amplitude offset
↓D Active Sequence Selects the active sequence for the output

↓D (n)PSK CW Frequency Programs the carrier waveform frequency
↓D (n)PSK Symbol Rate Programs the symbol transition rate
↓D (n)PSK Marker Programs the marker position
↓D (n)PSK Amplitude Programs the CW Amplitude
↓D (n)PSK Offset Programs the CW amplitude offset

↓D (n)QAM CW Frequency Programs the carrier waveform frequency
↓D (n)QAM Symbol Rate Programs the symbol transition rate
↓D (n)QAM Marker Programs the marker position
↓D (n)QAM Amplitude Programs the CW Amplitude
↓D (n)QAM Offset Programs the CW amplitude offset

TOP
Menu

C Sequenced
A View Table Provides access to the sequence table
B Advance Mode Programs the sequence advance mode
C Advance Source Selects the sequence advance source
D Sample Clock Programs the sample clock frequency

Modulation
Option

D Modulated
A Off Modulation Type Selects from Off, PSK and QAM
B Off CW Frequency Programs the carrier waveform frequency
C Off Amplitude Programs the CW Amplitude
D Off Offset Programs the CW amplitude offset
B (n)PSK PSK Type

C (n)PSK PSK Data

D (n)PSK CW Control Turns CW on and off

B (n)QAM QAM Type

C (n)QAM QAM Data

D (n)QAM CW Control Turns CW on and off

2nd Level
Menu

3rd Level
Menu

Notes

Programs the PSK type: PSK, BPSK, QPSK,
OQPSK, pi/4DQPSK, 8PSK and 16PSK

Displays and edits (n)PSK data table. Also,
provides access to demonstration data symbols

Programs the QAM type: 16QAM, 64QAM,
256QAM and User QAM

Displays and edits (n)QAM data table. Also,
provides access to demonstration data symbols

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Table -3, Front Panel Run Mode Menus

Soft
Key

(*) ↓D denotes you have to scroll down to access the menu. Scroll using the arrows up or down or the dial.

TOP
Menu

B Run Mode

A Continuous Selects the continuous run mode
B Triggered

C Gated

D Burst

2nd Level
Menu

3rd Level
Menu

Notes

Provides access to 2074 Run Mode options:
Continuous, Triggered, Gated and Counted
Burst

Selects the triggered run mode. Provides
access to trigger parameters, re-trigger on/off
and re-trigger parameters

Selects the gated run mode. Provides access to
gating parameters

Selects the triggered run mode. Provides
access to counted burst parameters, re-trigger
on/off and re-trigger parameters

Table

Soft
Key

TOP
Menu

C Utility

Factory Reset

Customize

System

Remote Setup

A Select interface Selects between GPIB, USB and LAN
B GPIB Programs GPIB address
C USB Display information on the USB ID
D LAN Programs LAN IP address
D Outputs

2nd Level
Menu

-4, Front Panel Utility and Output Menus

3rd Level
Menu

Notes

Provides access to factory reset, display
customization, remote setup and system parameters

Allows reset of all 2074 parameters to factory default
values

Provides access to display customization: horizontal
units, clock sources, load impedance, dial direction
and display brightness

Displays all 2074 system parameters, including serial
number, installed option, last calibration date. Also
monitors internal temperature rise.

Provides access to selecting the remote interface.
Available interfaces are LAN, USB and GPIB

Provides access to output on/off control, filter on/off
and type, SYNC output on/off control and properties,
and start phase offset between channels.

3-10

Using the Instrument

2074 Front Panel Menus

3

Table -5, Front Panel Auxiliary Menus

Soft
Key

↓D Auxiliary

↓D High Time Programs the pulse high time parameter
↓D Fall Time Programs the pulse fall time parameter
↓D High Level Programs the pulse high level parameter
↓D Low Level Programs the pulse low level parameter
↓D Polarity Programs the pulse polarity parameter
↓D Double State Toggles double pulse state on and off
↓D Channel State Programs the channel programmability state
↓D Sync Position Programs the sync pulse position parameter

↓D Trigger Slope Programs the trigger slope for the counter input
↓D Reset/Arm

↓D Offset Programs the half cycle amplitude offset
↓D

↓D Phase Programs the half cycle start phase angle

TOP
Menu

A Pulse Generator Apply Changes

B Period Programs the period of the pulse
C Delay Programs the delay from the start of the pulse
D Rise Time Programs the pulse rise time parameter

A Counter/Timer Counter Function Selects the counter/timer measurement function
B Display Time

C Gate Time Programs the counter gate time
D Trigger Level Programs the trigger level for the counter input

A Half Cycle Half Cycle Shape

B Delay Programs the delay between the half cycles
C Frequency Programs the delay from the start of the pulse
D Amplitude Programs the half cycle Amplitude

A X-Inst Sync, Couple State Toggles master/slave mode on and off
B Properties

C Slaves IP Address

Auxiliary
Function

2nd Level
Menu

Notes

Provides access to the following auxiliary
functions: Digital Pulse Generator,
Counter/Timer, Half Cycle waveforms, Multi­instrument synchronization and Digital Patterns.

Press this button to accept modifications of
pulse parameters.

Selects between continuous and single
measurement cycles

Resets the counter display and arms the counter
for the next measurement cycle

Selects the half cycle waveform shape. Select
between sine, triangle or square waveforms

Programs the start phase of the sine and
triangular waveforms

Provide access to selection of the master and
delay between adjacent instruments

Allows addition of slave units. Every added IP
address is automatically added as slave

(*) ↓D denotes you have to scroll down to access the menu. Scroll using the arrows up or down or the dial.

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User Manual

Enabling the Outputs

3

For safety reasons, main outputs default setting is OFF. The
outputs can be turned on and off using either the hot keys, or the
Output Menu. Observe Figure 3-3 and disable or enable the main
outputs using the procedure below. The same procedure can be
used for enabling and disabling the SYNC output. The numbers on
Figure 3-3 correspond to the procedure steps in the following
description.

1. While not editing any parameter, select the channel you want to
turn on using one of the keys that are circled with the
PROGRAM label

2. Press ON/OFF to toggle main output on and off. Notice when
you turn on the output, the LED which is associated with the
programmed output is turned on as well.

12

5, 7

4

Figure

Alternately, the outputs can be turned on and off from the Outputs

3-3, Enabling and Disabling the Outputs

sub menu. Use the following procedure to open the Outputs dialog
box press to toggle output state:

3. Press TOP to display the root menu

4. Press Outputs to open the Outputs dialog box as shown in
Figure 3-3

5. Use the dial or arrow keys to access the required field. Focus is
on a filed that is painted orange.

6. To edit the field press Enter. The edited field will turn white with
orange borders

7. Use the dial or arrow keys to change the field

8. Press Enter again to lock in the setting

6, 8

3-12

Using the Instrument

Selecting a Waveform Type

3

Selecting a
Waveform Type

1

There are four main types of waveforms that the 2074 can produce:
Standard, Arbitrary, Sequenced and Modulated waveforms.
Standard and modulated waveforms are computed from equations
and tables that are built into the program. The instrument can
output arbitrary and sequenced waveforms however, only after
waveform data has been downloaded into its memory.

Digital patterns can also be generated from a rear-panel connector
in conjunction with the arbitrary waveform output. The digital
patterns, however, will be described and discussed separately in
this chapter.

Refer to Figure 3-4 and use the following procedure to select an
output waveform type.

Note that there are sub-menus associated with each output type
menu. Accessing and using these sub-menus is described later in
this chapter. The numbers on Figure 3-4 correspond to the
procedure steps in the following description.

2

3

Figure

Alternately, the outputs can be turned on and off from the Outputs

3-4, Selecting an Output Waveform Type

sub menu. Use the following procedure to open the Outputs dialog
box press to toggle output state:

1. Press TOP to display the root menu

2. Press Waveforms, the display as shown in Figure 3-4 will open.

3. Press one of the soft keys to select the required waveform.

Note the waveform screen shows a sine waveform. The sine is the
default waveform. After you select a different waveform type, the
screen will be updated with a new symbol, which is associated with
the new type.

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User Manual

Note

The picture in the 2074 LCD display is an icon only. The
actual output waveform may look entirely different.

Changing the Output Frequency

1

You should be careful not to confuse waveform frequency with
sample clock frequency. The waveform frequency parameter is
valid for standard waveforms only and controls waveform frequency
at the output connector; The sample clock frequency parameter is
valid for arbitrary and sequenced waveforms only and defines the
frequency of which the generator clocks data points.

Standard waveform frequency is measured in units of Hz. Arbitrary
waveform sample clock frequency is measured in units of S/s
(samples per second). The frequency of a given arbitrary waveform
at the output connector is dependant on sample clock frequency,
the number of data points, and other specific waveform definitions.

2

3

3-14

Figure

3-5, Modifying Output Frequency

The frequency of the output waveform will change only if a standard
waveform is generated. First select a standard waveform as
described earlier and then proceed with frequency modification.

Observe Figure 3-5 and modify frequency using the following
procedure. The index numbers in Figure 3-5 correspond to the
procedure steps in the following description.

1. Press the Frequency soft key to select the frequency parameter

2. Use the numeric keypad to program the new frequency value

3. Press M, k, x1 or m to terminate the modification process

Alternately, you can modify the frequency value with the dial and
arrow keys but then the termination of the process is by pressing
Enter only.

If you use the dial or arrow keys to modify the frequency
parameter, the output is updated immediately as soon as
you modify the parameter. The final value will be locked
in as soon as you press Enter. If you choose to leave the
old value, press Cancel to terminate the process and to
discard of any change made to this parameter

Changing the Sample Clock Frequency

Note

Using the Instrument

3

Changing the
Sample Clock
Frequency

1

The frequency of the sample clock will affect the output waveform
only if arbitrary or sequenced waveforms are generated. First select
an arbitrary waveform as described earlier and then proceed with
sample clock frequency modification.

Observe Figure 3-6 and modify the sample clock using the following
procedure. The index numbers in Figure 3-6 correspond to the
procedure steps in the following description.

2

3

Figure 3-6, Modifying Sample Clock Frequency

1. Press the Sample Clock soft key to select the sample clock

parameter

2. Use the numeric keypad to dial the new sample clock frequency

value

3. Press “M” for MS/s, “k” for kS/s, “x1” for S/s, or “m” for mS/s to

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User Manual

terminate the modification process

Alternately, you can modify the sample clock frequency value with
the dial and arrow keys but then the termination of the process is by
pressing Enter only.

Note

If you use the dial or arrow keys to modify the sample
clock frequency parameter, the output is updated
immediately as soon as you modify the parameter. The
final value will be locked in as soon as you press Enter.
If you choose to leave the old value, press Cancel to
terminate the process and to discard of any change
made to this parameter

Programming the Amplitude and Offset

Output amplitude and offset can be programmed independently and
separately for each channel. Amplitude and offset are set within
windows, so before you select values for these parameters, make
sure you do not exceed the limits.

Amplitude and offset can be programmed independently as long as
the following relationship between the two values is not exceeded:

Window +≥

Amplitude

Offset

2

The first thing you do before you program amplitude and offset
setting is define which of the channels is being programmed. The
active channel is displayed at the upper right corner of the LCD
display.

When the display shows
currently programming channel 1 parameters. Keypads “1” and “2”
are used as hot keys for channel selection. While not editing any
parameter, press key “2” to program channel 2 parameters.

When the display shows
proceed with channel 2 programming. Use the same procedure to
modify the parameters for channels 3 and 4.

The amplitude and offset parameters are duplicated in multiple
screens however, when changed for a specific function shape, the
new value is updated on all screens for all other function shapes.
Refer to Figure 3-7 and modify amplitude and offset using the
procedure as described below. The index numbers in Figure 3-7
correspond to the procedure steps in the following description.

at the upper right corner, you are

at the upper right corner, you can

3-16

1. Press the Amplitude soft key button

2. Press Enter to edit the Amplitude value

3. Use the numeric keypad to program the new value

4. Press “m” for mV, or “x1” for volts to select the suffix letter.

5. Press Enter to lock in the value

Alternately, you can modify the amplitude value with the dial and
arrow keys but then the termination of the process is by pressing
Enter.

Offset is programmed the same way as amplitude except select
Offset from the soft key menus to access the offset parameter.

If you use the dial or arrow keys to modify the amplitude
or offset parameters, the output is updated immediately
as soon as you modify the parameter. The final value will
be locked in as soon as you press Enter. If you choose
to leave the old value, press Cancel to terminate the
process and to discard of any change made to this
parameter

Programming the Amplitude and Offset

Note

Using the Instrument

3

1

4

5

3, 6

Figure 3-7, Programming Amplitude and Offset

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User Manual

Selecting a Run Mode

The Model 2074 offers four run modes: Continuous, Triggered,
Gated and Burst.

The selected waveform is repeated continuously when the
instrument is set to operate in Continuous mode. The continuous
output can be turned on and off from a remote interface, and thus
controlling the start and stop of the waveform from an external
source. The operating mode defaults to continuous after reset.

Triggered, Gated, and Burst modes require an external signal to
initiate output cycles. In some case, an internal trigger generator is
available to generate the required trigger stimuli without the need to
connect to external devices. Figure 3-8 show the run mode options.
Press one of the soft keys in the left to select the required run
mode.

Description of the various runs modes and the parameters that are
associated with each run mode is given in the following paragraphs.

1

2, 4

Figure

Burst run mode is shown in Figure 3-8 as an example
however, the following description applies to all Run
Mode menus.

In general, a specific run mode is selected from the Run Mode soft
key menu. The screen as shown in Figure 3-8 is displayed. Proceed
to select the run mode and to program parameters as follows:

1. Press one of the soft keys to select from: Continuous,
Triggered, Gated or burst. The output will immediately be

3-8, Run Mode Options

Note

3-18

updated with the selected run mode

2. Use the arrow keys or the dial to scroll down to the parameter

field you want to modify

3. Press Enter to edit the field value

4. Use the arrow keys or the dial to modify the parameter

5. Press Enter to lock in the value

Using the Instrument

Selecting a Run Mode

3

Triggered Mode

In Triggered mode, the output remains at a DC level as long as a
valid trigger signal has not occurred. Each time a trigger occurs, the
2074 generates one complete output waveform. At the end of the
output cycle, the output resumes position at a DC level that is equal
to the amplitude of the last point of the waveform.

The instrument may be triggered from one of the following sources:
A rear panel input, designated as TRIG IN, front panel button,
marked MAN TRIG and a remote command such as *TRG. When
placed in EXT (external) trigger source, remote commands are
ignored and the instrument monitors the TRIG IN connector or the
MAN TRIG control. When in BUS, the hardware inputs are ignored
and only remote commands can trigger the instrument. The MIX is
a special trigger advance mode that senses the first remote trigger
and only then enables the hardware sources.

There are four parameters you can adjust for this mode:

Source – defines the trigger source. EXT enables the rear

panel trigger input, BUS enables remote commands and MIX
enables remote command and after the first trigger enables the
EXT source.

Slope – defines edge sensitivity for the trigger input
Level – sets the trigger level crossing point for the rear panel

TRIG IN connector. Signal transition to above the trigger level
will trigger the instrument. When the slope is set to negative,
transitions to below the trigger level will trigger the instrument.
Trigger level sensitivity and maximum level should be observed
to avoid damaging the input

Trigger Delay – defines the state of the delayed trigger

function.

Re-Trigger – defines the state of the re-trigger function

You may use the triggered mode to trigger standard, arbitrary
sequenced and modulated waveforms. The Trigger run mode
parameters are shown in Figure 3-9.

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2074

User Manual

Delayed Trigger

Re-Trigger

Figure

3-9, Trigger Run Mode Parameters

The delayed trigger function operates in conjunction with the
triggered and counted burst modes. When enabled, it inhibits the
output signal for a pre-determined period after a valid trigger. The
delay time defines the time that will lapse from a valid trigger
(hardware or software) to output. To enable the delayed trigger
feature, scroll down to the Trigger Delay State field and press Enter.
Use the down key to change the sate to ON and press enter again
to lock in the state position. The delay field then becomes active.
Scroll down to the delay field and press enter. Modify the delay to
match your delay requirement and press Enter again.

Note that the minimum delay is 200 ns and can be increased to
over 20 seconds with 20 ns resolution.

The re-trigger function operates in conjunction with the triggered
and counted burst modes. When enabled, it does not modify the
output except when a valid trigger is received. It then starts an
automatic sequence of internal triggers that generate repeated
output cycles or bursts. The time in the re-trigger group defines the
time that will lapse from the end of the signal to the start of the next
signal.

3-20

To enable the re-trigger feature, scroll down to the Re-Trigger State
field and press Enter. Use the down key to change the sate to ON
and press enter again to lock in the state position. The re-trigger
time field then becomes active. Scroll down to the re-trigger time
field and press enter. Modify the time to match your requirement
and press Enter again.

Note that the minimum re-trigger interval is 200 ns and can be
increased to over 20 seconds with 20 ns resolution.

Using the Instrument

Selecting a Run Mode

3

Gated Mode

When set to gated mode, the 2074 output remains at a DC level as
long as the rear-panel TRIG IN signal remains inactive. The output
gates on and off between two transitions, either positive or
negative, depending on the slope setting. Only the rear panel TRIG
IN connector can be used for operating the gated mode.

When placed in gated mode, the generator idles on a DC level until
the first gate on transition. The signal will complete after the gate off
transition and the generator will once again resume DC level equal
to the last point of the waveform.

There are two parameters you can adjust for the gated mode:

Source – defines the gating signal source. Since the gated run

mode relies on hardware transitions, only EXT is a valid source

for the gated mode.
Slope – defines if the generator is gating on and off on positive

or negative transitions.

Level – sets the trigger level crossing point for the rear panel

TRIG IN connector. Signal transition to above the trigger level
will gate the instrument. When the slope is set to negative,
transitions to below the trigger level will gate the instrument.
Trigger level sensitivity and maximum level should be observed
to avoid damaging the input

You may use the gated mode to gate standard, arbitrary,
sequenced and modulated waveforms. The gated run mode
parameters are shown in Figure 3-10.

Figure

3-10, Gated Mode Parameters

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User Manual

Burst Mode

Burst mode is similar to Triggered mode with the exception that only
one trigger signal is needed to generate a counted number of
output waveforms. In Burst mode, the output remains at a DC level
as long as a valid trigger signal has not occurred. Each time a
trigger occurs, the 2074 generates a counted number of burst of
waveforms. At the end of the output burst, the output resumes
position at a DC level that is equal to the amplitude of the last point
of the waveform.

The instrument may be triggered from one of the following sources:
A rear panel input, designated as TRIG IN, front panel button,
marked MAN TRIG and a remote command such as *TRG. When
placed in EXT (external) trigger source, remote commands are
ignored and the instrument monitors the TRIG IN connector or the
MAN TRIG control. When in BUS, the hardware inputs are ignored
and only remote commands can trigger the instrument. The MIX is
a special trigger advance mode that senses the first remote trigger
and only then enables the hardware sources.

There are four parameters you can adjust for this mode:

Source – defines the trigger source. EXT enables the rear

panel trigger input, BUS enables remote commands and MIX
enables remote command and after the first trigger enables the
EXT source.

Slope – defines edge sensitivity for the trigger input
Level – sets the trigger level crossing point for the rear panel

TRIG IN connector. Signal transition to above the trigger level
will trigger the instrument. When the slope is set to negative,
transitions to below the trigger level will trigger the instrument.
Trigger level sensitivity and maximum level should be observed
to avoid damaging the input

Burst – Defines the number of cycles the generator will output

after a trigger signal. Each channel can be programmed to have
a unique burst counter.

Trigger Delay – defines the state of the delayed trigger

function.

Re-Trigger – defines the state of the re-trigger function

3-22

You may use the counted burst mode in conjunction with standard,
arbitrary and modulated waveforms only. Sequenced waveforms
can not be used in burst mode. The Burst run mode parameters are
shown in Figure 3-11.

Using the Instrument

Using the Manual Trigger

3

Using the Manual
Trigger

Using the SYNC Output

Figure

3-11, Burst Run Mode Parameters

The manual trigger allows you to trigger or gate the 2074 directly
from the front panel. This button is active only when the generator is
placed in external trigger only. The MAN TRIG button is a second
function to the Enter button and can be used only when the display
is not in editing mode.

The 2074 has four sync outputs, one for every channel, located on
the rear panel. The outputs are always active, regardless if the main
output is turned on or off and therefore, for safety reasons, if you
are not sure if the output can damage your devices, disconnect the
sync outputs from your test gear immediately after you turn off the
generator. Each sync pulse can be programmed to have a different
position along the waveform length. The SYNC parameters are
shown in Figure 3-12. The Menu is accessible by selecting the
Outputs soft key as shown in Figure 3-3.

Figure

3-12, SYNC and Filter Parameters

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2074

User Manual

Applying Filters

There are four parameters you can adjust for the SYNC output:

Active Channel – When you select CH1, CH2, CH3 or CH4,

subsequent programming will apply to the selected channel
only. For example, if you want to program the sync position for
channel 3, press key number 3 on the keypad and observe that
the CH3 option is checked. You can then move forward to
program the sync position for channel 3. Note that when you
exit this menu, the display will still be associated with channel 3
programming so if you intend to program another channel,
select the required channel, as explained in the above.

Position – Lets you place the sync start at any point along the

length of the waveform. Placement resolution is 4 points. As
default, the sync signal is positioned at the beginning of the
waveform. Position is unique for each channel so if you change
from channel to channel, you can see that the field is updated
with the correct position, as was programmed for the specific
channel.

Four filters are available for each channel. These filters have fixed
cutoff frequencies of which their properties are specified in
Appendix A. The built-in filters are switched in after the DAC circuit
and are used for reducing the noise, harmonics and spurious
signals above the cutoff frequency.

The built-in filters are available for the user in standard, arbitrary,
sequenced and modulated modes. The only function where the
Model 2074 does not allow external control is when standard
sinusoidal waveform is selected.

Note

The default output function of the generator is the sine
waveform. The instrument is using filters to reconstruct
this waveform and therefore, the state of the filters can
not be changed until another output function is selected.
A setting conflict error will occur if one attempts to
change the filter state before changing to another output
function.

If you do not plan on using the filters, make sure that you leave the
selection OFF. This will eliminate confusing setting conflicts.

Modification of the filter state and range is done from the Outputs
menu. To access this menu select the Outputs screen as shown in
Figure 3-12.

3-24

Selecting the SCLK Source and Reference

Using the Instrument

3

Selecting the SCLK
Source and
Reference

In cases where synchronization to other instruments in a system is
needed, you have two options: Use an external clock source for the
10 MHz reference clock or replace the internal sample clock
generator entirely with an external clock source. Either way, this is a
major twist in the 2074 basic operation because if, for any reason,
you leave one or both source options on external and do not apply
the necessary signal to the input, the operation of the generator will
be impeded without visual references that something is wrong.

The SCLK and the 10MHz reference source menu were placed in
the Customize menu, as shown in Figure 3-13. Change these
settings only if you are absolutely sure that another reference
source is available at the appropriate inputs.

The SCLK input is located on the rear panel. Use this input to
replace the internal sample clock generator. The external sample
clock input accepts ECL level signals, terminated to –2V into 50Ω.

The 10 MHz reference input is also located on the rear panel. It
accepts TTL level signals only. Note that the 2074 internal
reference is accurate to within 1 ppm.

To display and modify the SCLK or the 10 MHz clock source, press
TOP, then Utility and scroll down to the Customize option.

Figure

3-13, Modifying the SCLK and 10 MHz Clock Source

Generating Standard Waveforms

The majority of applications require the use of common waveforms
such as sinusoidal, triangular and square. In fact, these are the only
waveforms that function generators can produce and therefore, one
should expect that these waveforms be available even in a complex
generator such as this. The 2074, being a completely digital
instrument, has a library of built-in waveforms that allow generation
of these basic waveforms plus many more.

By default, the 2074 is programmed to generate one of the common

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2074

User Manual

waveforms in the market – sine waveform. Figure 3-14 shows a list
of all other waveforms that the instrument can generate however,
one must not forget that the waveforms are generated digitally from
either lookup tables or formulated from standard equations and
therefore, each time a new waveform is selected, one should
expect to have a slight delay between the time the waveform was
selected to when it is being generated at the output connector.

The waveforms that reside in the built- in library are referred to as
Standard Waveforms. The meaning of this term is that these
waveforms have standard characteristics that is commonly known
and or associated with these waveforms. For example, sine
waveform has known spectral and power distribution that could be
compared to published mathematical equations. The quality of the
generator determines how closeness of the waveform generation to
its pure mathematical properties.

The 2074 has a library of 10 standard waveforms: Sine, Triangle,
Square, Ramp, pulse, sinc, Gaussian, Exponential, DC and Noise.
Some of the parameters for these waveforms can be modified to
fine tune the waveforms for specific applications. For example,
changing the sine start phase on channels 2 and 3 create a three­phase sine system. The standard waveforms and their parameters
that can be modified are summarized in the following paragraphs.

Figure

3-14, Built-in Standard Waveforms Menu

Sine Wave

The sine waveform is the most commonly used waveform. The
waveform is generated from a lookup table that has 1000 points
and therefore, the sine waveform is generated with 1000-points
accuracy up to about frequency setting of 200 kHz (output
frequency = sample clock frequency / number of points). As
frequency is increased above 200 kHz the number of points is being
reduced automatically up to a point where filters are being switched

3-26

in to reconstruct the waveform. The technique of generating sine
waves above certain frequency is not within the scope of this
manual however, one should remember that above certain
frequency the waveform is loosing purity and quality because the
number of points that are available to construct the waveform are
inversely proportional to the output frequency. This statement is
true for all standard waveforms and this is the reason for limiting the
upper frequency of certain waveforms.

There are certain menus that provide access to sine waveform
parameters; These are:

Frequency – programs the frequency of the sine waveform. Note

that at low frequencies (up to about 200 kHz), when you modify the
frequency parameter, the output responds with coherent change
however, at higher frequencies, the waveform has to be re­computed every time and therefore, when you modify the
frequency, the output wanders until the waveform is being re­computed and then restored to full accuracy.

Amplitude – programs the amplitude of the output waveform. Note

that amplitude and offsets can be programmed freely within the
specified amplitude window, as explained in the Programming
Amplitude and Offset section in this chapter. Note that setting the
amplitude parameter in this menu overrides amplitude setting in all
other menus.

Using the Instrument

3

Offset – programs the offset of the output waveform. Note that

offset and amplitude can be programmed freely within the specified
amplitude window, as explained in the Programming Amplitude and
Offset section in this chapter. Note that setting the offset parameter
in this menu overrides offset setting in all other menus.

Phase – sets the start phase of the output waveform. You will not

be able to see any change in the waveform if you generate a
continuous sine waveform however, if you place the generator in
triggered run mode, the output will start the sine wave generation
from a point defined by the Phase parameter. The start phase is
programmed in units of degree.

Reset Parameters – Resets the sine wave parameters to their

original factory defaults.

Square Wave

The square waveform is a commonly used waveform. The
waveform is generated from a lookup table that has 1000 points
and therefore, the square waveform is generated with 1000-points
accuracy up to about frequency setting of 200 kHz (output
frequency = sample clock frequency / number of points). As
frequency is increased above 200 kHz the number of points is being
reduced automatically.

There are certain menus that provide access to square waveform

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2074

User Manual

parameters; These are:

Frequency – programs the frequency of the square waveform.

Note that at low frequencies (up to about 200 kHz), when you
modify the frequency parameter, the output responds with coherent
change however, at higher frequencies, the waveform has to be re­computed every time and therefore, when you modify the
frequency, the output wanders until the waveform is being re­computed and then restored to full accuracy.

Amplitude – programs the amplitude of the output waveform. Note

that amplitude and offsets can be programmed freely within the
specified amplitude window, as explained in the Programming
Amplitude and Offset section in this chapter. Note that setting the
amplitude parameter in this menu overrides amplitude setting in all
other menus.

Offset – programs the offset of the output waveform. Note that

offset and amplitude can be programmed freely within the specified
amplitude window, as explained in the Programming Amplitude and
Offset section in this chapter. Note that setting the offset parameter
in this menu overrides offset setting in all other menus.

Duty Cycle – programs the square wave duty cycle (pulse width to

period ratio). The duty cycle is programmed as percent of the
period. The default value is 50 %.

Reset Parameters – Resets the square wave parameters to their

original factory defaults.

Triangle Wave

The triangle waveform is a commonly used waveform. The
waveform is generated from a lookup table that has 1000 points
and therefore, the triangle waveform is generated with 1000-points
accuracy up to about frequency setting of 200 kHz (output
frequency = sample clock frequency / number of points). As
frequency is increased above 200 kHz the number of points is being
reduced automatically. The triangular waveform is reasonable up to
about 20 MHz where 10 points are available to generate its shape.
As the number of points decrease further, the shape becomes
distorted to a point where it is not usable anymore.

There are certain menus that provide access to triangle waveform
parameters; These are:

Frequency – programs the frequency of the triangle waveform.

Note that at low frequencies (up to about 200 kHz), when you
modify the frequency parameter, the output responds with coherent
change however, at higher frequencies, the waveform has to be re­computed every time and therefore, when you modify the
frequency, the output wanders until the waveform is being re­computed and then restored to full accuracy.

3-28

Amplitude – programs the amplitude of the output waveform. Note

that amplitude and offsets can be programmed freely within the
specified amplitude window, as explained in the Programming
Amplitude and Offset section in this chapter. Note that setting the
amplitude parameter in this menu overrides amplitude setting in all
other menus.

Offset – programs the offset of the output waveform. Note that

offset and amplitude can be programmed freely within the specified
amplitude window, as explained in the Programming Amplitude and
Offset section in this chapter. Note that setting the offset parameter
in this menu overrides offset setting in all other menus.

Phase – sets the start phase of the output waveform. You will not

be able to see any change in the waveform if you generate a
continuous triangular waveform however, if you place the generator
in triggered run mode, the output will start the triangle wave
generation from a point defined by the Phase parameter. The start
phase is programmed in units of degree.

Reset Parameters – Resets the triangular wave parameters to their

original factory defaults.

Using the Instrument

3

Ramp Wave

The ramp waveform is a special case of the triangular waveform
with a slight difference, the ramp can be adjusted for its rise and fall
times. The ramp waveform is a very common waveform and is
required for numerous applications however, not being a true ramp
generator, the ramp parameters are computed and programmed as
percent of the ramp period. The waveform is computed every time a
parameter is modified. 1000 points are allocated for the ramp shape
up to about frequency setting of 200 kHz (output frequency =
sample clock frequency / number of points). As frequency is
increased above 200 kHz the number of points is being reduced
automatically. The ramp waveform is reasonable up to about 20
MHz where 10 points are available to generate its shape. As the
number of points decrease further, the resolution of the parameters
is lost to a point where it is not usable anymore.

There are certain menus that provide access to ramp waveform
parameters; These are:

Frequency – programs the frequency of the ramp waveform. Note

that at low frequencies (up to about 200 kHz), when you modify the
frequency parameter, the output responds with coherent change
however, at higher frequencies, the waveform has to be re­computed every time and therefore, when you modify the
frequency, the output wanders until the waveform is being re­computed and then restored to full accuracy.

Amplitude – programs the amplitude of the output waveform. Note

that amplitude and offsets can be programmed freely within the

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