Synapse SNAP Connect E20 User Manual

USER GUIDE

SNAP Connect E20

SNAP Enabled Gateway
Version 1.1 for
Firmware Versions 1.X and Higher

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Synapse logo, SNAP, and Portal are all registered trademarks of Synapse Wireless, Inc.

Doc# 116-031520-002-D000

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ille, AL 35806 // [phone] // Synapse-Wireless.com

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License governing any code samples presented in this user guide

Redistribution of code and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that it retains the copyright notice,
operates only on SNAP® networks, and the paragraphs below in the documentation and/or other materials are provided with the distribution:

Copyright 2008-2015, Synapse Wireless Inc., All rights Reserved.

Neither the name of Synapse nor the names of contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
written permission.

This software is provided "AS IS," without a warranty of any kind. ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES,
INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED.
SYNAPSE AND ITS LICENSORS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING
THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS DERIVATIVES. IN NO EVENT WILL SYNAPSE OR ITS LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST REVENUE, PROFIT OR DATA, OR FOR
DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, HOWEVER CAUSED AND REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF LIABILITY,
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF SYNAPSE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

NOTE: This equipment is meant to be installed in accordance with all applicable local, state, and national
electrical codes. If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection
provided by the equipment may be impaired. Read these instructions, keep these instructions, and heed
all warnings.

Instructions

This symbol is intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating and
maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying the appliance.

1. Overview

E20

OS

Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, Linux kernel 3.10.17

CPU

ARM Cortex-A9, 800MHz (Freescale iMX6-S)

Flash

4GB eMMC

RAM

512M DDR3, 400MHz

Network

10/100 Ethernet, WiFi, SM220

USB host

1 type A

USB client

1 micro-USB - SiLabs CP2102

Operating
Temperature

-40C - 70C*
Board Size

15.5cm x 9cm x 2cm

11-26V DC

See synapse-wireless.com for more information.

Cellular Option

Internal cell modem

Storage Expansion

uSD – internal

4 LEDs
3 Buttons

The SNAP Connect E20 combines a Synapse SM220 RF module and an embedded Linux-based computer to
provide connectivity (Ethernet, cellular, Wi-Fi, serial,) and site aggregation capabilities to a diverse array of SNAP
IoT networks across industrial temperature ranges.

TCP/IP connections can even bridge remote SNAP devices into one common network, an effective method for
centralizing data storage, performing web-based analytics, and monitoring remote applications.

Powered by Freescale’s i.MX 6 processor, the E20 has ample computing power, reliable connectivity options,
and a sturdy design that makes it the ideal networking gateway for large-scale IoT deployments.

Input Voltage

LEDs / Buttons

* When running an application that demands unusually intensive CPU/Memory resources at 70C, the
temperature on the processor core might reach up to 90C resulting in performance degradation. For more
information, see http://cache.freescale.com/files/32bit/doc/app_note/AN4579.pdf.

This equipment is certified by Underwriters Laboratories for operation in a maximum ambient
temperature of 65°C. The product safety standard to which this unit is evaluated and certified, IEC 60950­1, and UL 60950-1 for the US and Canada, specifies a maximum temperature limit of 70°C on metal
surfaces which may be touched. During operation, there is a slight temperature rise on the surfaces of the
E20. Therefore, when installed into an ambient environment at 70°C, the surface temperatures on the E20
will exceed the limit of 70°C.

AC power supply sold separately.

SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide 1

2. Quick Start Guide

1. Connect the Micro-USB Serial port on the E20 to your PC

2. Apply power to the E20

3. Find the serial port that has been assigned to the E20 by your computer:
a. Windows:

i. Look under “Ports” in Device Manager.

ii. Look for “Silicon Labs CP210x USB to UART Bridge.”

b. Linux:

i. look for /dev/ttyUSB0 in the /dev/ directory:

ii. The USB# may be higher if you have additional ttyUSB devices plugged in.

4. Using your preferred terminal emulator (Tera Term, PuTTY, minicom, etc.), connect to the E20 using the

following serial port settings:

a. Baud rate: 115200
b. 8 bits
c. No parity
d. 1 stop bit
e. No flow control

5. Initial login:
a. Username: snap
b. Password: synapse

NOTE: You must change your password on first boot

6. Obtaining SNAP Connect (optional)
a. sudo -H pip install snapconnect -i https://update.synapse-wireless.com/pypi/

2 SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide

3. Basic Installation and Specifications

Mounting the E20

The E20 has a number of mounting holes along the outside flanges of the unit, any of which can be used for
mounting the E20 to a solid surface.

Synapse also provides an optional DIN Rail Mounting kit if you wish to mount the E20 on a DIN rail. (See

synapse-wireless.com

available space.

To mount the E20 flat against the DIN rail:

Attach the two white mounting clips to the E20 as shown in the diagram below:

for part number.) There are two options for DIN rail attachment depending on your

SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide 3

To mount the E20 perpendicular to the DIN rail:

1. Attach the white mounting clip to the stand-off bracket using the two screws provided with the DIN rail

kit as shown in the diagram.

2. Remove the top and bottom screws from the narrow edge of the E20, leaving the one in the center.

3. Using the screws you just removed, attach the mounting bracket to the E20 as shown in the diagram.

Connecting Power to the E20

The E20 is powered by DC sources with output voltage in the range of 11V – 26V and is able
to supply up to 1A. The E20 has two provisions for supplying the DC input to the unit: 1) the

2.0 mm center-positive mono jack connector at the bottom of the left side and 2) the green
terminal block connector on the bottom of the unit.

The 2.0 mm center-positive mono jack connector on the side of the unit is typically used when powering the E20
using an external AC/DC power adapter. When powered by the mono jack, the DC input connector on the
bottom of the unit is physically disconnected internally.

If you’re applying power via the terminal block, the positive and negative terminals are marked on the front
label of the unit (see image to the right). The terminal block header that
connects to the E20 requires 14-30AWG wire. (The terminal block header
is part #1900882 from Phoenix Contact. See their website for more info.)

The DC source should be a SELV source in accordance with IEC 60950-1,
properly certified by the relevant authorities in your location, having
ratings suitable for the environmental conditions of the installation.

All DC wiring should be done in accordance with all relevant local and
national wiring regulations and should be protected by a suitably rated
fuse or circuit breaker sized according to the relevant wiring codes. The
maximum interrupting rating of the overcurrent protective device is not to exceed 8A.

Use only AC/DC power adapters that are properly certified by the relevant authorities in your location, having
ratings suitable for the environmental conditions of the installation.

4 SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide

E20 Dimensions

SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide 5

Power supply requirements:

Barrel or DC Input

Min

Typ

Max

Units

Table 1: E20 Power

Input Voltage (DC) 11 26 V

Input Current 0.13 1.0 A

USB A Port (output)

Supply Voltage 4.75 5 5.25 V

Supply Current 500 mA

Note: If the E20 is installed into an end product, wiring should be done in accordance with the relevant

product safety standard of the end product.

Depending on configuration, the E20 will have one to three antennas, and connectors as shown below:

6 SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide

4. Initial Setup

Accessing the E20 Console

The micro-USB port on the E20 provides a serial connection which can be used to access the command prompt.
Additionally, the E20 is accessible via SSH over the Ethernet if you know the IP address. Generally, accessing the
E20 the first time is easiest via the micro-USB port.

Initial User Settings

• Initial login credentials:

o Username: snap
o Password: synapse

NOTE: On first login, the password must be changed. This is a security REQUIREMENT so that deployed
E20s will not have a known default password.

Serial Port Settings

• Baud rate: 115200

• 8 bits

• No parity

• 1 stop bit

• No flow control

Enabling Root and Changing Passwords

• Root is initially disabled. To enable you must set a root password:

$ sudo passwd root

• To change the password for another username, substitute the username in the password command:

$ sudo passwd snap

NOTE: No account can connect via SSH without a password.

Connecting in Windows

• Download and install a terminal emulator such as PuTTY or TeraTerm

• If necessary, obtain the SiLabs CP210x USB to UART VCP drivers from www.silabs.com

• Connect the E20 to the computer via the micro-USB cable

• Determine which COM port your OS has allocated to the E20 serial port.

o In Windows, look under “Ports” in Device Manager.

o Look for “Silicon Labs CP210x USB to UART Bridge.”

• Using a terminal emulator, open a serial connection to the indicated COM port

SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide 7

Connecting in Linux

• Download and install a terminal emulator such as minicom or screen

• Connect the E20 to the computer via the micro-USB cable

• Open /dev/ttyUSB0 in the /dev/ directory:

The USB# may be higher if you have additional ttyUSB devices plugged in.

• Using your terminal emulator, open a serial connection to the indicated tty port.

5. SNAP Connect (802.15.4 Connection)

The E20 contains a Synapse SM220 module, accessible via the serial ports /dev/snap0 and /dev/snap1.

SNAP Connect supplies the software infrastructure on the E20 to connect the gateway to the SNAP network via
these serial ports.

To download and install SNAP Connect run the following from the E20 command line:

$ sudo -H pip install snapconnect -i https://update.synapse­wireless.com/pypi/

After installing SNAP Connect, you’ll also want to install the latest version of PyCrypto. This can be obtained via
apt-get by entering:

$ sudo apt-get install python-crypto

6. E20 Specific Software Packages

A factory defaulted E20 comes with Ubuntu 14.04, running a custom 3.10.17 Linux kernel based on the imx6
kernel by Freescale. The E20 comes with several support packages pre-installed and additional ones may be
installed via apt-get and pip.

NOTE: Before installing new packages, be sure to run apt-get update to sync your E20 with the

package server, so you will obtain the newest version. The apt-get update may take a few minutes
depending on your internet connection.

Additionally, it is recommended you upgrade your e20 utilities, (which are described in detail below,)
by running the following command, as new versions and bug fixes may be available:

sudo apt-get install e20-cell-helpers e20-leds e20-gpio-scripts e20-snap­utils

8 SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide

The E20 is pre-installed with specific apt-get helper packages. The packages can be found in the
/usr/local/bin directory unless noted otherwise. They are:

e20-cell-helpers – a cell modem
support package

e20-leds, e20-buttons packages –
a simple LED and button control
scripts package

Telit modem
example scripts to
reset, disable, enable

callvz – Invokes PPPD to communicate with cell
modem on Verizon

power-cell-modem – Powers the cell modem

the cell modem

enable-cell-modem – Enables the cell modem

wake-cell-modem – Wakes the cell modem

Configuration and
control files for cell
modems

telit-att – pppd configuration file for ATT

telit-att-chat - scripted AT commands issued to
modem for AT&T

(/etc/ppp/peers)

telit-verizon – pppd configuration file for Verizon

telit-verizon-disconnect – Disconnects modem
from tower

verizon-chat - scripted AT commands issued to
modem for Verizon

led-1, led-2, led-3 Controls lighting for led 1, 2, and 3

button-1, button-2,

Reads button states

button-3

e20-gpio-scripts package -

S30gpios Start up script to initialize GPIO lines package

Initializes GPIO lines (/etc/rc2.d)

E20 support package for the SM220 must be installed via apt-get:

e20-snap-utils package –

wake_snap_node wakes the SM220 (if it was sleeping)

maintenance and support scripts
for SM220

This package depends on SNAP

reset_snap_node resets the SM220

flash-bridge performs maintenance on the SM220

Connect (See Section 5 – SNAP
Connect for installation
instructions)

SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide 9

7. User Buttons and LEDs

The E20 has 3 user-programmable buttons, and 3 user-programmable tri-color LEDs.

GPIO 40 LED-1 red

GPIO 41 LED-1 green

GPIO 42 LED-2 red

GPIO 43 LED-2 green

GPIO 44 LED-3 red

GPIO 45 LED-3 green

GPIO 117 Button 1

GPIO 118 Button 2

GPIO 119 Button 3

Each tri-color LED is controlled by 2 GPIO lines (red, green) and the combination of these lines gives 3 colors for
each LED (red, green, amber).

For convenience, programs are pre-installed on the E20 to interact with these peripherals:

Controlling LEDs

Provided by package e20-leds:

• /usr/local/bin/led-1

• /usr/local/bin/led-2

• /usr/local/bin/led-3

Usage:

• led-1 red

• led-1 green

• led-1 amber

• led-1 off

By default, on power-up all three LEDs will turn on in amber mode, then turn off after Linux has booted.

Reading the buttons (Provided by package e20-buttons):

• /usr/local/bin/button-1

• /usr/local/bin/button-2

• /usr/local/bin/button-3

Prints the button status (1 = up, 0 = pressed,) and returns this number as the exit code

10 SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide

8. Controlling the Internal SNAP Engine

The E20 has the ability to wake and reset the SM220 using two dedicated GPIO pins:

• Wake Snap Node: GPIO 33 (tied to pin GPIO_F1 on the SM220)

• Reset Pin: GPIO 34

Additionally, maintenance scripts on the E20 control the SM220 beyond interacting with the SNAPpy script over
the UART. These scripts allow you to perform recovery maintenance such as erasing an unresponsive SNAPpy
image, factory defaulting the NV params, and uploading new firmware.

SNAP maintenance scripts and helper utilities can be installed via:

$ sudo apt-get install e20-snap-utils

Waking the SM220

First, GPIO_F1 must be set as a wakeup pin on the SM220. To do this, use the wakeupOn function:

from synapse.pinWakeup import *
from synapse.platforms import *

# other code
# before putting node to sleep

wakeupOn(GPIO_F1, True, False)

When you want to wake the node, call the provided wake-snap-node script, which will perform this function
for you automatically.

• This script is located at /usr/local/bin/wake-snap-node

Resetting the SM220

There is no special setup required to reset the SM220, just call reset-snap-node which will briefly drive the
reset GPIO low, forcing the SM220 to reset.

This script is located at /usr/local/bin/reset-snap-node

Restoring the functionality of an unresponsive SM220

The E20 comes with a recovery utility which is capable of erasing the loaded SNAPpy image, factory defaulting
the NV params, and uploading a firmware image.

This script is included in the e20-snap-utils package (see above for installation instructions) and is located at

/usr/local/bin/flash-bridge

Usage:

flash-bridge -e (to erase the running SNAPpy image)

•

•

flash-bridge -i imageName (to upload firmware image “imageName” to the SM220)

•

flash-bridge -nv (to restore the default NV params)

SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide 11

9. SM220 SNAP Node

The SM220 SNAP node connects the wireless SNAP network to the E20 gateway. The SM220 communicates with
the rest of the E20 via 2 serial ports.

LED Control

The SM220 controls the tri-color led labeled “SNAP” on the case via GPIO_A4 (green) and GPIO_A5 (red).
(For amber, both GPIOs are used.)

NOTE: This LED is only accessible via the SNAP node.

Example of flashing the led via GPIO_A4 on the SM220:

from synapse.platforms import *
@setHook(HOOK_STARTUP)
def startupEvent():
setPinDir(GPIO_A4, True)
@setHook(HOOK_1S)
def tick():
pulsePin(GPIO_A4, 500, False)

Controlling the E20 from the SM220

The SM220 has two pins dedicated to interfacing with the E20.

• GPIO_C4 – System Reset. Active low. Triggers a hardware reset on the E20.

• GPIO_F2 – Interrupt / General Use – Tied to GPIO 32 on the E20.

GPIO_F2 can be used to signal the E20 that some event of interest has occurred that might need a response
even if a SNAP Connect application is not running.

A simple example of how to monitor for this interrupt condition or event is provided below:

if [[ ! -d /sys/class/gpio/gpio32/ ]] ; then
echo 32 > /sys/class/gpio/export
echo in > /sys/class/gpio/gpio32/direction
fi

while [[ `cat /sys/class/gpio/gpio32/value` != 0 ]] ; do
sleep 1
done

echo "Got interrupt!"

GPIO_C4 can be used to perform a hard reset of the E20 without resetting the SM220. This can be used to force
a reboot if you are otherwise unable to access your E20. Note that any saved data may be lost when performing
a hard reset, and this is intended only to recover control when the E20 has become unresponsive.

@setHook(HOOK_STARTUP)
setPinPullup(GPIO_C4, True)
writePin(GPIO_C4, True)
setPinDir(GPIO_C4, True)
def resetE20():
pulsePin(GPIO_C4, 1, False)

12 SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide

10. Factory Restore / Re-Flashing your E20

For most E20s, a factory restore is accomplished using a microSD card image.

Note: Not all E20s can be programmed via the microSD card. If your E20 case does not look like the one
pictured in Figure 1, or when you remove the back panel there is no microSD card slot
and button present, skip ahead to Restoring from a USB Flash Drive.

Restoring from a MicroSD Card

• From the Synapse Wireless forums, download the newest microSD card E20

installer image:

https://forums.synapse-wireless.com/showthread.php?t=9

• Write this image to your microSD card.

o In Windows, this is easiest done using something like Win32DiskImager.
o In Linux, you can use dd from the command line:

Note: Make sure that the “of” variable points to the correct device before
executing this command. (An easy way to verify which device is the SD
card is to execute the ls command in the /dev directory before and after
inserting the SD card.) Writing to the wrong device could potentially
overwrite critical information such as your system hard drive.

$ dd if=e20-VERSION-sdcard.img of=/dev/sdX
bs=1M
# where e20-VERSION-sdcard.img is the sdcard
image file
# and /dev/sdX is the device file of the uSD card device
$ sync
$ eject /dev/sdX

Figure 1: The microSD card slot can be

found by removing the back panel.

• Remove the access cover on the rear of the E20

• Insert the microSD card into the microSD card slot on the back of the E20

• Hold the button near the slot, apply power, and release the button

• After a few moments, LEDs 1, 2, and 3 should turn red. When programming blink green three times,

programming has finished, and you can re-apply power to your unit

• Reinstall the access cover, tightening the screw using a screwdriver

Restoring from a USB Flash Drive

Some very early models of the E20 did not support flashing an image from the microSD card. These devices
require a USB flash drive image and slightly more user interaction to flash a new image. However the process is
finished, they are very similar.

• From the Synapse Wireless forums, download the newest USB flash drive E20 installer image:

https://forums.synapse-wireless.com/showthread.php?t=9

• Write this image to your flash drive.

o In Windows, this is easiest done using something like Win32DiskImager.
o In Linux, you can use dd from the command line:

$ dd if=e20-VERSION-sdcard.img of=/dev/sdX bs=1M
# where e20-VERSION-sdcard.img is the sdcard image file

SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide 13

# and /dev/sdX is the device file of the drive - NOT a partition on
the drive!
$ sync

$ eject /dev/sdX

• Apply power to the E20

• Establish a serial connection to the E20, then interrupt U-Boot by pressing a key when the prompt “Hit

any key to stop autoboot” appears.

o If you miss this prompt and the E20 boots into Linux, issuing “reboot” from Linux will return you

to it.

• Once at the U-Boot-E20> prompt, insert the flash drive into E20 and issue the following two commands:

usb start; mw 0x12000000 0x0 0x10 000; mmc write 0x12000000 0 0x10000;
fatload usb 0 0x12000000 u-boot.imx; mmc write 0x12 00 0000 2 0x260;

usb start; fatloa d usb 0 0x1 2000000 installer-uImag e; fat loa d usb 0
0x18000000 imx6 s-e20.dtb; setenv bootargs console=ttymxc0,115200 --no-log;
bootm 0x12000000 - 0x18000000

• After a few moments, the LEDs should turn red – when the LEDs blink green three times and you can

then re-apply power to your unit.

11. Common Linux Operations

The E20 is pre-loaded with Ubuntu Linux, and use assumes knowledge of the Linux OS. Ample documentation is
available online to perform all operations within the capability of the E20. The following are a few common
operations:

Making Custom Software run Automatically at Startup

For trivial scripts that should do something once at boot time, you can add a simple shell script you want called
at one of a few places:

• /etc/rc.local

• /etc/rc2.d/newprogramname

For applications you want to have started as a service which can be started, stopped, and restarted; you can
create an Upstart service at:

• /etc/init/newprogramname.conf

14 SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide

A basic example of making a SnapConnect application run as a service could be achieved by generating the
following file in /etc/init/snapconnect.conf :

# SNAP Connect - start a SNAP Connect application as a service
#

description "Start SNAP Connect"

start on runlevel [2]
stop on runlevel [!2]

exec python /home/snap/my_snapconnect_example.py

The command

python /home/snap/my_snapconnect_example.py would then be executed on boot, and

stopped on shutdown. You could also start and stop by issuing the following commands:

$ sudo service snapconnect start
$ sudo service snapconnect restart
$ sudo service snapconnect stop

Note that this is a basic example that illustrates a starting point for developing your custom Upstart service.

Resetting a Lost User Password

• Interrupt u-boot by rebooting the E20, then pressing any key when the message “Hit any key to stop

autoboot” appears.

• From the U-Boot command prompt, enter the following two commands:

U-Boot-E20> setenv mmcargs 'setenv bootargs console=${console},${baudrate} --no­log fec.macaddr=${macaddr} root=${mmcroot} rootdelay=2 rw single'

U-Boot-E20> boot

Ensuring that the E20 stays connected over Ethernet

An unaddressed bug in Ubuntu 14.04 can affect E20 units with eth0 configured to boot automatically in DHCP
mode. By default, the E20 is patched to activate eth0 in a mode which should put the DHCP client in the
background, and obtain an IP address when a link becomes available. However, if you had an IP address before,
and the lease on your address has not passed, dhclient only tries to renew it ONE time and then quits trying. (As
opposed to if you didn’t have one, it keeps searching for a DHCP server.) This can potentially leave the E20
without an IP address. If this is a concern for you, consider setting up the following script to run in the
background on boot:

#!/bin/bash
while [[ true ]] ; do
OUTPUT=`ifconfig eth0 | grep 'inet addr:' | wc -w 2>/dev/null`
if [[ $OUTPUT == "0" ]] ; then
ifdown eth0 && ifup eth0 &
fi
sleep 600
done

SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide 15

12. Wifi

$ wpa_passphrase 'myssid' 'mypassword'

Typical steps in working with wifi:

Edit /etc/network/interfaces:

#auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
wpa-driver wext

• wlan0 does not activate by default

 Uncomment #auto wlan0 to activate automatically

Connecting to an access point:

 Generate your passphrase key:

network={
ssid="myssid"
#psk="mypassword"
psk=2f0568b3492812bd56b946dbaf3fd7dd669b9a4602a09aa6462ff057949b025c
}

 Put the output of that into /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

network={
ssid="myssid"
psk=2f0568b3492812bd56b946dbaf3fd7dd669b9a4602a09aa6462ff057949b025c
}

 You may need additional options depending on your network setup.
 You can now either run sudo ifup wlan0 to bring up the interface and connect to the network, or

reboot. Once auto wlan0 is present in your network interfaces file, wlan0 will be brought up and
attempt to connect to the network automatically on boot.

16 SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide

Setting up Access-Point (AP) mode:

$ wpa_passphrase 'myssid' 'mypassword'

• apt-get install udhcpd

• Generate your passphrase (you will need this information later when we call iwpriv):

network={
ssid="myssid"
#psk="mypassword"
psk=2f0568b3492812bd56b946dbaf3fd7dd669b9a4602a09aa6462ff057949b025c
}

• Set up /etc/udhcpd.conf

# The start and end of the IP lease block
start 192.168.0.20 #default: 192.168.0.20
end 192.168.0.254 #default: 192.168.0.254
# The interface that udhcpd will use
interface wlan0 #default:eth0
[rest cut off for brevity]
# The start and end of the IP lease block
start 192.168.0.20 #default: 192.168.0.20
end 192.168.0.254 #default: 192.168.0.254
# The interface that udhcpd will use
interface wlan0 #default:eth0
[rest cut off for brevity]

Set up udhcpd to run by default by editing /etc/default/udhcpd:

# Comment the following line to enable
DHCPD_ENABLED="yes"
# Options to pass to busybox' udhcpd.
#
# -S Log to syslog
# -f run in foreground
DHCPD_OPTS="-S"

SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide 17

Set up wlan0 with a static IP so it can act as a gateway by editing

/etc/network/interfaces:

# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
# Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d:

allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
address 192.168.0.1
netmask 255.255.255.0

Set things up with iwpriv (using the information you gathered from wpa_passphrase

earlier, ):

snap@localhost:~$ sudo iwpriv wlan0 AP_SET_CFG
ASCII_CMD=AP_CFG,SSID="myssid",SEC="wpa2­psk",KEY=2f0568b3492812bd56b946dbaf3fd7dd669b9a4602a09aa6462ff057949b025c,CHANNE
L=1,PREAMBLE=1,MAX_SCB=8,END

Change parameters as needed (e.g. what CHANNEL you want to be on.)

Start AP mode:

snap@localhost:~$ sudo iwpriv wlan0 AP_BSS_START

Stop AP mode:

snap@localhost:~$ sudo iwpriv wlan0 AP_BSS_STOP

18 SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide

13. Cell Modem

The E20 currently supports the Telit DE910-DUAL on Verizon Wireless. Support for AT&T and others is
forthcoming.

To initiate a PPPD session on Verizon Wireless:

/usr/local/bin/callvz &

To terminate the connection:

poff telit-verizon

These scripts are not guaranteed to work with your network or data plan, and are provided for illustrative
purposes only.

Troubleshooting Cellular Connectivity

If you are deploying the E20 in a situation which will be dependent on the cellular connection for connectivity,
you will most likely want to take some precautions to ensure that the connection re-establishes itself in the
event of failure (signal and handshaking issues, etc.) There are multiple ways to potentially address this, and the
best way is largely depended on your needs and setup.

• The addition of a ‘persist’ string to your PPP configuration file, will make PPPD attempt to reconnect if it

detects the connection to the tower has been dropped. The PPPD session initiated by callvz uses
/etc/ppp/peers/telit-verizon as the PPP configuration file.

• A background shell script, monit utility, or cron job which monitors if PPPD is running, and re-launches it if it

detects it is not

• Use of the reset-cell-modem script, which pulls the reset line on the cell modem, hardware resetting it if

needed.

SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide 19

14. Troubleshooting and Common Problems

The Ethernet does not work or eth0 does not appear in ifconfig

Most likely, your MAC address has not been set. If you run ifconfig -a and see output similar to:

eth_badmac Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1c:2c:ff:ff:ff

Your MAC address has reverted to the default and needs to be set. See SNAP Connect is not working below.

SNAP Connect is not working

Check for one of the following possible issues:

1. SNAP Connect may be out of date – prior versions of SNAP Connect were incompatible with some version of

the Python Tornado package or may have failed to obtain the MAC address correctly. Upgrade to the latest
version of SNAP Connect by using the instructions in Section 5.

2. Your MAC address is not set:

• Start or reboot your E20, and press a key when prompted by U-Boot to interrupt autoboot.

• You should arrive at the U-Boot-E20> command prompt.

• Enter the following commands:

U-Boot-E20> setenv macaddr “0x00,0x1c,0x2c,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX”
U-Boot-E20> saveenv
U-Boot-E20> saveenv

• Replace the 0xXX entries with your last three octets of your MAC address, which should be found on the

label on your E20’s case. Note that the comma delimited 0xXX format is required.

I cannot SSH into my E20

You cannot SSH into the E20 as root, or any user account which does not have the password set. Be sure to
have set a password for the account you want to use to connect.

Ensuring that the E20 stays connected over Ethernet

An unaddressed bug in Ubuntu 14.04 can affect E20 units with eth0 configured to boot automatically in DHCP
mode. By default, the E20 is patched to activate eth0 in a mode which will put the DHCP client in the
background and obtain an IP address when a link becomes available. However, if you had an IP address before,
and the lease on your address has not passed, dhclient only tries to renew it ONCE and quits trying. (As opposed
to if you didn’t have one, it keeps searching for a DHCP server.) This can potentially leave the E20 without an IP
address. If this is a concern for you, consider setting up the following script to run in the background on boot:

#!/bin/bash
while [[ true ]] ; do
OUTPUT=`ifconfig eth0 | grep 'inet addr:' | wc -w 2>/dev/null`
if [[ $OUTPUT == "0" ]] ; then
ifdown eth0 && ifup eth0 &
fi
sleep 600
done

20 SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide

15. Regulatory Information and Certifications

RF Exposure Statement

This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This
equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance of 20cm between the radiator and your
body. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or
transmitter.

FCC Certifications and Regulatory Information (USA Only)

FCC Part 15 Class B

These devices comply with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1)
These devices may not cause harmful interference, and (2) These devices must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause harmful operation.

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) (FCC 15.105)

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part
15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that the interference will not occur in a particular installation.
If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by
turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of
the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the
equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that of the receiver.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by
turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of
the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

Labeling Requirements (FCC 15.19)

This device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this
device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.

If the FCC ID for the module inside this product enclosure is not visible when installed inside another device,
then the outside of the device into which this product is installed must also display a label referring to the
enclosed module FCC ID.

SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide 21

Modifications (FCC 15.21)

Changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by Synapse Wireless, Inc. may void the
user's authority to operate this equipment.

Declaration of Conformity

(In accordance with FCC 96-208 and 95-19)

Manufacturer's Name: Synapse Wireless, Inc.

Headquarters: 6723 Odyssey Drive

Huntsville, AL 35806

Synapse Wireless, Inc. declares that the product:

Product Name: E20-0, E20-3G, E20-3G1

to which this declaration relates, meet the requirements specified by the Federal Communications Commission
as detailed in the following specifications:

• Part 15, Subpart B, for Class B equipment

• FCC 96-208 as it applies to Class B personal computers and peripherals

The products listed above have been tested at an External Test Laboratory certified per FCC rules and has been
found to meet the FCC, Part 15, Emission Limits. Documentation is on file and available from Synapse Wireless,
Inc.

Industry Canada (IC) Statement

This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

22 SNAP Connect E20 Users Guide