Symphony SA-160 Flight Manual

Download

Page 1

Page 2

Page 3

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

APPLICABILITY / REVISIONS

APPLICABILITY

Feb 25, 2005

This handbook contains information applicable to the model SA 160 aircraft designated by serial number and registration number shown on thetitlepage. All information is based on data available at the time of delivery of your aircraftby SymphonyAircraft IndustriesInc.

NOTE: A current handbook must be in the aircraft during flight. It

is theoperator's responsibility to maintainthe handbook in acurrentstatus.

The information in this handbook will be kept current by revisions issuedby . Revision materialwill contain information necessary toupdate the text, figures,and chartsof thepresent handbookand /or addinformation.

1.Incorporating Revisions

Revisions must be incorporated as they are issued. Revision status is noted on List of Revisions page and Log of Effective Pages table in this section. Revisionsshall beinserted intothe handbookas follows:

(a) Alwaysreplace pageswith revisionpages ofsame pagenumber. (b) Insert additional pages in correct numerical order within each

section.

Revisions

SymphonyAircraft Industries

Page 4

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

APPLICABILITY / REVISIONS

2.Identification ofRevised Material

Revisions, additions and deletions will be identified by a vertical black line alongthe outsideof thepage oppositeonly the portion ofthe printed matterthat waschanged.

A line along the outside margin of the page beside the page number indicatesthat non-changedmaterial hasa newphysical locationonly.

Thedate ofthe revisionis shownon eachrevised page.

Feb 25, 2005

Page 5

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

The following Log of Effective Pages provides a listing of all effective pages in the POH, as well as the date of issue or revision.

Revision Level Date of Issue

0 (Original Issue) Feb 25, 2005

PAGE DATE PAGE DATE

iii

Title Feb 25, 2005 i Feb 25, 2005 ii Feb 25, 2005 iii Feb 25, 2005 iv Feb 25, 2005

vi Feb 25, 2005 vii Feb 25, 2005 viii Feb 25, 2005 ix Feb 25, 2005 x Feb 25, 2005 xi Feb 25, 2005 1-1 Feb 25, 2005 1-2 Feb 25, 2005 1-3 Feb 25, 2005 1-4 Feb 25, 2005 1-5 Feb 25, 2005 1-6 Feb 25, 2005

v Feb 25, 2005

1-7 Feb 25, 2005 1-8 Feb 25, 2005 1-9 Feb 25, 2005 1-10 Feb 25, 2005 1-11 Feb 25, 2005 1-12 Feb 25, 2005 1-13 Feb 25, 2005 1-14 Feb 25, 2005 2-1 Feb 25, 2005 2-2 Feb 25, 2005 2-3 Feb 25, 2005 2-4 Feb 25, 2005 2-5 Feb 25, 2005 2-6 Feb 25, 2005 2-7 Feb 25, 2005 2-8 Feb 25, 2005 2-9 Feb 25, 2005 2-10 Feb 25, 2005

LOG OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

Feb 25, 2005

Page 6

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

2-11 Feb 25, 2005 2-12 Feb 25, 2005 3-1 Feb 25, 2005 3-2 Feb 25, 2005 3-3 Feb 25, 2005 3-4 Feb 25, 2005 3-5 Feb 25, 2005 3-6 Feb 25, 2005 3-7 Feb 25, 2005 3-8 Feb 25, 2005 3-9 Feb 25, 2005 3-10 Feb 25, 2005 3-11 Feb 25, 2005 3-12 Feb 25, 2005 3-13 Feb 25, 2005 3-14 Feb 25, 2005 3-15 Feb 25, 2005 3-16 Feb 25, 2005 3-17 Feb 25, 2005 3-18 Feb 25, 2005

4-1 Feb 25, 2005 4-2 Feb 25, 2005 4-3 Feb 25, 2005 4-4 Feb 25, 2005 4-5 Feb 25, 2005 4-6 Feb 25, 2005 4-7 Feb 25, 2005 4-8 Feb 25, 2005 4-9 Feb 25, 2005

3-19 Feb 25, 2005 3-20 Feb 25, 2005 3-21 Feb 25, 2005

4-10 Feb 25, 2005 4-11 Feb 25, 2005 4-12 Feb 25, 2005 4-13 Feb 25, 2005 4-14 Feb 25, 2005 4-15 Feb 25, 2005 4-16 Feb 25, 2005 4-17 Feb 25, 2005 4-18 Feb 25, 2005 4-19 Feb 25, 2005 4-20 Feb 25, 2005 4-21 Feb 25, 2005 4-22 Feb 25, 2005 4-23 Feb 25, 2005 4-24 Feb 25, 2005 4-25 Feb 25, 2005 4-26 Feb 25, 2005 4-27 Feb 25, 2005 4-28 Feb 25, 2005 4-29 Feb 25, 2005 4-30 Feb 25, 2005 4-31 Feb 25, 2005 4-32 Feb 25, 2005 5-1 Feb 25, 2005 5-2 Feb 25, 2005 5-3 Feb 25, 2005 5-4 Feb 25, 2005 5-5 Feb 25, 2005 5-6 Feb 25, 2005 5-7 Feb 25, 2005 5-8 Feb 25, 2005 5-9 Feb 25, 2005

PAGE DATE PAGE DATE

LOG OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

Feb 25, 2005

Page 7

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

5-10 Feb 25, 2005 5-11 Feb 25, 2005 5-12 Feb 25, 2005 5-13 Feb 25, 2005 5-14 Feb 25, 2005 5-15 Feb 25, 2005 5-16 Feb 25, 2005 5-17 Feb 25, 2005 5-18 Feb 25, 2005 5-19 Feb 25, 2005 5-20 Feb 25, 2005 5-21 Feb 25, 2005 5-22 Feb 25, 2005

6-1 Feb 25, 2005 6-2 Feb 25, 2005 6-3 Feb 25, 2005 6-4 Feb 25, 2005 6-5 Feb 25, 2005 6-6 Feb 25, 2005 6-7 Feb 25, 2005 6-8 Feb 25, 2005 6-9 Feb 25, 2005 6-10 Feb 25, 2005 6-11 Feb 25, 2005 6-12 Feb 25, 2005 6-13 Feb 25, 2005

7-1 Feb 25, 2005 7-2 Feb 25, 2005 7-3 Feb 25, 2005

5-23 Feb 25, 2005 5-24 Feb 25, 2005

6-14 Feb 25, 2005

7-4 Feb 25, 2005 7-5 Feb 25, 2005 7-6 Feb 25, 2005 7-7 Feb 25, 2005 7-8 Feb 25, 2005 7-9 Feb 25, 2005 7-10 Feb 25, 2005 7-11 Feb 25, 2005 7-12 Feb 25, 2005 7-13 Feb 25, 2005 7-14 Feb 25, 2005 7-15 Feb 25, 2005 7-16 Feb 25, 2005 7-17 Feb 25, 2005 7-18 Feb 25, 2005 7-19 Feb 25, 2005 7-20 Feb 25, 2005 7-21 Feb 25, 2005 7-22 Feb 25, 2005 7-23 Feb 25, 2005 7-24 Feb 25, 2005 7-25 Feb 25, 2005 7-26 Feb 25, 2005 7-27 Feb 25, 2005 7-28 Feb 25, 2005 7-29 Feb 25, 2005 7-30 Feb 25, 2005 7-31 Feb 25, 2005 7-32 Feb 25, 2005 7-33 Feb 25, 2005 7-34 Feb 25, 2005 7-35 Feb 25, 2005

PAGE DATE PAGE DATE

LOG OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

Feb 25, 2005

Page 8

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

7-36 Feb 25, 2005 7-37 Feb 25, 2005 7-38 Feb 25, 2005 7-39 Feb 25, 2005 7-40 Feb 25, 2005 7-41 Feb 25, 2005 7-42 Feb 25, 2005 7-43 Feb 25, 2005 7-44 Feb 25, 2005 7-45 Feb 25, 2005 7-46 Feb 25, 2005 7-48 Feb 25, 2005 7-49 Feb 25, 2005

8-1 Feb 25, 2005 8-2 Feb 25, 2005 8-3 Feb 25, 2005 8-4 Feb 25, 2005 8-5 Feb 25, 2005 8-6 Feb 25, 2005 8-7 Feb 25, 2005 8-8 Feb 25, 2005 8-9 Feb 25, 2005 8-10 Feb 25, 2005 8-11 Feb 25, 2005 8-12 Feb 25, 2005 8-13 Feb 25, 2005 8-14 Feb 25, 2005

7-50 Feb 25, 2005 7-51 Feb 25, 2005 7-52 Feb 25, 2005 7-53 Feb 25, 2005 7-54 Feb 25, 2005

8-15 Feb 25, 2005 8-16 Feb 25, 2005 8-17 Feb 25, 2005

LOG OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

PAGE DATE PAGE DATE

Feb 25, 2005

Page 9

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

vii

LOG OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Feb 25, 2005

Page 10

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

viii

LOG OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Feb 25, 2005

Page 11

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

LIST OF REVISIONS

Description

Page No.

Date

Rev. No.

Feb 25, 2005

Approval

Page 12

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

LIST OF REVISIONS

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Feb 25, 2005

Page 13

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

CONTENTS

SECTION

GENERAL............................1

LIMITATIONS .........................2

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ................3

NORMAL PROCEDURES ..................4

PERFORMANCE........................5

WEIGHT AND BALANCE

EQUIPMENT LIST.......................6

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

OF THE AIRCRAFT AND ITS SYSTEMS ..........7

HANDLING, SERVICING AND

MAINTENANCE ........................8

SUPPLEMENT .........................9

Feb 25, 2005

Page 14

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

Page 15

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

SECTION 1

GENERAL

1-1

SECTION 1

GENERAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Aircraft Views (3) ..............................................................................1-2

1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................1-4

1.3 Technical Data ......................................................................................1-5

Engine.................................................................................................1-5

Propeller.............................................................................................1-5

Fuel......................................................................................................1-5

Oil........................................................................................................1-6

Maximum Certificated Weights......................................................1-6

Typical Aircraft Weights...................................................................1-6

Cabin and Entry Dimensions .........................................................1-7

Baggage Space...................................................................................1-7

Specific Loadings..............................................................................1-7

Other Data .........................................................................................1-7

1.5 Symbols, Abbreviations and Terminology .......................................1-8

(a) General Airspeed Terminology and Symbols......................1-8

(b) Meteorological Terminology ................................................1-10

(d) Engine Instruments ...............................................................1-11

(e) Aircraft Performance and Flight

Planning Terminology...........................................................1-11

(f) Weight and Balance...............................................................1-12

(g) Other Definitions ...................................................................1-14

Feb 25, 2005

Page 16

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

AIRCRAFT VIEWS

Abb. 1-1(1)

Aircraft Views

1-2

10.67 (35)

2.11 (6.92)

1.118 (3.67)

3.27 (10.75)

0.86 (2.82)

m (ft.)

SECTION 1 GENERAL

Feb 25, 2005

Page 17

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

Abb. 1-1(2)

Aircraft Views

1-3

2.82 (9.25)

1.72 (5.67)

6.960 (22.84)

SECTION 1

GENERAL

Notes:

The ground clearance of the propeller at maximum takeoff weight and in the takeoff attitude is at least 0.180 m (7 in.). Maximum propeller diameteris 1.854m (73in.). Thewing areais 11.93m² (128.4sq.ft.). A minimum turning radius of 6.6 m (21.7 ft) (Pivot point to the wing tip) can be achieved.

Control Surface Deflections:

- Aileron Up 23° - Down 17°;

- Elevator Up 21° - Down 20°;

- Rudder Left 21°- Right 21°;

- Trim Tab Up 10° - Down 20°;

- Flaps - Down 0° to 40°.

Feb 25, 2005

Page 18

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

1-4

1.1 INTRODUCTION

SECTION 1 GENERAL

This manual constitutes a Transport Canada approved Airplane Flight Manualfor Canadianregistered airplanesin accordancewith AWM 523.

In countries other than Canada, Transport Canada operating rules may not apply. Operators must ensure that the aircraft is operated in accordancewith nationaloperating rules.

The manual is divided into 8 sections and contains data for the pilot that must be available in accordance with the CARs. Supplementary specificationsof theaircraft manufacturerare alsoincluded.

The handbook is intended to familiarize the pilot with the aircraft, operating limits, emergency procedures, normal procedures and performance.

The handbook does not serve as a substitute for appropriate flight training and knowledge of valid airworthiness advisories, the relevant official aviation rules and the advisory circulars. It is not intended as orientation for flight, basic training, or as a training manual, and it may onlybe usedas thecurrentstatus for theoperationof theAircraft.

The handbook is divided into sections, which are numbered with Arabic digits. Each section is divided by separator sheets for speedy reference. The operating limitsand theemergency proceduresare placedbefore the normal procedures, the performance data and the other sections. The section "Emergency Procedures" is marked witha red tab divider so that thissection canbe lookedup immediately.

Provision for an extension to the handbook is provided. Therefore, some paragraph numbers, figure numbers, position numbers and pages are deliberatelyomitted andannotated "Intentionally leftblank".

Feb 25, 2005

Page 19

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

1.3 TECHNICAL DATA

1-5

SECTION 1

GENERAL

Engine

Propeller

Fuel

(a) Number 1 (b) Engine Manufacturer Textron Lycoming. (c) Engine Model O-320-D2A (d) Engine Type Four cylinder, direct drive,

horizontally opposed,

air cooled engine with

a float type carburetor (e) Rated Power 119 kW (160 BHP) (f) Rated Speed 2700 RPM (g) Bore 130.175 mm (5.125 in.) (h) Stroke 98.425 mm (3.875 in.) (i) Displacement 5.24 l (319.8 cu.in.) (j) Compression Ratio 8.5:1

(a) Number 1 (b) Propeller Manufacturer MT-propeller (c) Propeller Model MT 186 R 140-3D P-244-3 (d) Number of Blades 2 (e) Propeller Diameter 1860 mm, (73.2) (f) Propeller Type Wood, fixed pitch

(a) Fuel Approved Fuel Grades

AVGAS 100 LL blue (b) Total Capacity 122 l (32.2 U.S. Gal) (c) Total Usable 110 l (29.1 U.S. Gal)

Feb 25, 2005

Page 20

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

1-6

SECTION 1 GENERAL

Oil

Maximum Certified Weights

Typical Aircraft Weights

(a) Oil Specification Aviation Grade Straight

Mineral Oil MIL-L-6082

and Aviation Grade Ashless

Dispersant Oil MIL-L-22851

(b) Oil Viscosity

Mean Environment- MIL-L-6082 MIL-L-22851 Temperature Ashless Dispersant

Above 16°C (60°F) SAE 50 SAE 40 or SAE 50

-1°C to 32°C SAE 40 SAE 40

-18°C to 21°C SAE 30 SAE 30 or SAE 40 Below -12°C SAE 20 SAE 30

(a) Maximum Ramp Weight 975 kg (2150 lbs) (b) Maximum Takeoff Weight 975 kg (2150 lbs) (c) Landing Weight 926 kg (2041 lbs) (d) Maximum Weight in Baggage Compartment 75 kg (165 lbs)

but in the front or rear area maximum 45 kg (99 lbs)

(a) Empty Weight depending

630 - 660 kg (1389 - 1455 lbs)

(b) Maximum Useful Load 345 kg (761 lbs)

(30°F) (90°F)

(0°F) (70°F)

(10°F)

on installed equipment:

Feb 25, 2005

Page 21

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

1-7

SECTION 1

GENERAL

Cabin and Entry Dimensions

Baggage Spaces

Specific Loadings

(a) Maximum Cabin Width 1.10 m (43.3 in.) (b) Maximum Cabin Length 1.22 m (48.0 in.) (c) Maximum Cabin Height 1.14 m (44.8 in.) (d) Maximum Entry Width 0.805 m (31.7 in.) (e) Maximum Entry Height 0.80 m (31.5 in.) (f) Maximum Sill Height 0.838 m (33 in.)

(a) Compartment Width 0.44 m (17.3 in.) - 0.87 m (34.3 in.) (b) Compartment Length 1.255 m (49.4 in.) (c) Compartment Height 0.45 m (17.7 in.) - 0.77 m (30.3 in.) (a) Volume 870 l (30.72 cu.ft)

(a) Wing Area Loading 81.7 kg/m (16.73 lbs/sq.ft.) (b) Power Loading Takeoff Power (N) / 975 x 9.81 (N) = 0.122

= 8.19 kg/kW (13.89 lbs/hp)

Feb 25, 2005

Page 22

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

1-8

SECTION 1 GENERAL

1.5 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY

The followingdefinitions arefor symbols,abbreviation, and terms which are used in this handbook or are relevant for the pilot during the operationof theAircraft.

means the indicated speed of an aircraft, corrected for position and instrument error. CAS is equal to TAS in standardatmosphere atsea level.

CalibratedAirspeed expressedin "knots”.

isthe speedrelative tothe ground.

is thespeed ofan aircraftas shownon the airspeed indicator whencorrectedfor instrument error. IASvalues published inthis Handbookassume zeroinstrumenterror.

IndicatedAirspeed expressedin "knots".

isthe ratioof true airspeedto thespeed ofthe sound.

is the airspeed of anAircraft relative to undisturbedair which is the CAS corrected for altitude, temperature and compressibility.

(a) General Airspeed Terminology and Symbols

CAS

KCAS

IAS

KIAS

TAS

Calibrated Airspeed

Ground Speed

Indicated Airspeed

Mach Number

Tr ue Airspeed

Feb 25, 2005

Page 23

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

1-9

SECTION 1

GENERAL

V/V

Maneuvering Speed

Maximum Flap Extended Speed

Never Exceed Speed

Maximum Structural Cruising Speed

Stall Speed

Stall Speed with flap

Best Angle-of-Climb Speed

Best Rate-of-Climb Speed

V/M

is the maximum speed at which application of

fullavailable aerodynamiccontrol willnot overstressthe Aircraft.

is the highest speed permissible with

wingflaps ina prescribedextended position.

or Mach Number is the speed limit that may not

beexceeded atany time.

is the speed that should not be

exceededexceptin smoothair andthen onlywith caution.

or the minimum steady flight speed at which the Aircraft

iscontrollable.

orthe minimumsteady flight speedat whichthe

Aircraftis controllablein thelanding configuration.

is the airspeed which delivers the greatest

gainof altitudein theshortest possiblehorizontal distance.

is the airspeed which delivers the greatest

gainin altitudein theshortest possibletime.

NE NE

Feb 25, 2005

Page 24

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

1-10

SECTION 1 GENERAL

(b) Meteorological Terminology

ISA

OAT

MSN

Indicated Pressure Altitude

Pressure Altitude

Station Pressure

International StandardAtmosphere

Outside Air Temperature

inwhich (1) The airis adry perfect gas; (2) The temperatureat sealevel is15° Celsius(59° Fahrenheit); (3) The pressureat sealevel is29.92 inchesh g.(1013.2mb); (4) The temperature gradient from sea level to the altitude at which

thetemperature is-56.5°C (-69.7°F) is- 0.00198°C (- 0.003564°F)per footand zeroabove thataltitude.

is the free air static temperature, obtained either from inflight temperature indications or ground meteorological sources, adjusted for instrument error and compressibilityeffects.

Mean Sea Level

The number actually read from an altimeter when the barometric subscalehas beenset to29.92 inchesof mercury (1013.2mb).

Altitudemeasured fromstandardsea levelpressure(29.92 in.hg.)by a pressure or barometric altimeter. It is the indicated pressure altitude corrected for position and instrument error. In this Handbook,altimeter instrument errorsare assumedto bezero.

Actualair pressureat fieldelevation.

Feb 25, 2005

Page 25

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

1-11

SECTION 1

GENERAL

(d) Engine Instruments

(e) Aircraft Performance and Flight Planning Terminology

Takeoff Power

Maximum Continuous Power

Cruise Climb Power

Maximum Cruise Power

EGT-Indicator

CHT-Indicator

Climb Gradient

Themaximum powerpermissible fortakeoff(may betime limited).

Highestpower setting,not limitedby time.

Powerrecommended forcruise climb.

The maximum power setting for which specific values of fuel flow

andairspeed arepresented.

ExhaustGas TemperatureIndicator

Cylinder Heat Temperature Indicator

The demonstrated ratio of the change in height during a portion of a climb, to the horizontal distance traversed in the same time interval

Feb 25, 2005

Page 26

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

1-12

SECTION 1 GENERAL

Demonstrated Crosswind Velocity

Accelerate-StopDistance

Route Segment

MEA

Reference Datum

Station

Arm

The demonstrated crosswind velocity is the velocity of the crosswindcomponent forwhich adequatecontrol ofthe Aircraft during takeoff and landing was actually demonstrated during certificationtests.

The distance required to accelerate an Aircraft to a specified speed and, assuming failure of an engine at the instant that speed is attained,to bringthe Aircraftto astop.

A part of a route. Each end of that part is identified by: (1) a geographical location;or (2) apoint at whicha definite radiofix can beestablished.

Minimumenroute IFRaltitude.

An imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal distances are measuredfor balancepurposes.

A location along the Aircraft fuselage usually given in terms of distancefrom thereference datum.

The horizontal distance from the reference datum to the center of gravity(C.G.) ofan item.

(f) Weight and Balance

Feb 25, 2005

Page 27

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

1-13

SECTION 1

GENERAL

Moment

Center of gravity (C.G.)

C.G. Arm

C.G. Limits

Usable Fuel

Unusable Fuel

Standard Empty Weight

Basic Empty Weight

Useful load

The productof theweight ofan itemmultiplied byits arm.(Moment divided by a constant is used to simplify balance calculations by reducingthe numberof digits.)

The point at which an Aircraft would balance if suspended. Its distance from the reference datum is found by dividing the total momentby thetotal weightof theAircraft.

The arm obtained by adding the Aircraft's individual moments and dividingthe sumby thetotal weight.

The extreme center of gravity locations within which the Aircraft mustbe operatedat agiven weight.

Fuelavailable forflight planningpurposes.

Fuel remaining after a run out test has been completed in accordancewith governmental regulations.

Weightof astandard Aircraftincluding unusablefuel, fulloperating fluidsand fulloil.

Standardempty weightplus optionalequipment.

Difference between take off weight, or ramp weight if applicable andbasic emptyweight.

Feb 25, 2005

Page 28

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

Payload

Maximum Ramp Weight

Maximum Takeoff Weight

Maximum Landing Weight

Maximum Zero Fuel Weight

Weightof occupants,cargo andbaggage.

Maximum weight approved for ground maneuvre. (It includes weightof start,taxi andrun upfuel.)

Maximumweight approvedfor thestart ofthe takeoffrun.

Maximumweight approvedfor thelanding touchdown.

Maximumweight exclusiveof usablefuel.

Methods, proceduresor limitswhich must befollowed precisely toavoid injury ordeath.

(g) Other Definitions

1-14

CAUTION !

WARNING !

SECTION 1 GENERAL

Methods, procedures or limits which must be followed to avoid damageto equipment.

Additionalprocedures orinformation pertainingto thetext.

NOTE:

Feb 25, 2005

Page 29

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

SECTION 2

LIMITATIONS

2-1

SECTION 2

LIMITATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2.1 General..................................................................................................2-2

2.3 Airspeed Limitations...........................................................................2-2

2.5 Airspeed Indicator Markings.............................................................2-3

2.7 Power Plant Limitations .....................................................................2-4

2.9 Engine Parameter Color Markings...................................................2-5

2.11 Weight Limits .......................................................................................2-6

2.13 Center of Gravity Limits.....................................................................2-6

2.15 Maneuver Limits .................................................................................2-6

2.17 Flight Load Factor Limits ...................................................................2-7

2.19 Crew ......................................................................................................2-7

2.21 Kinds of Operations............................................................................2-7

2.23 Fuel Limitations...................................................................................2-8

2.29 Placards .................................................................................................2-9

2.25 Other Limitations ................................................................................2-8

(a) Airframe.....................................................................................2-8

2.27 Temperature Limitation ......................................................................2-8

Feb 25, 2005

Page 30

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

2.1 GENERAL

2.3 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS

2-2

This section contains the operating limits (approved by the regulatory authority), the instrument markings, the color coding and the most important placards that are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft,engine, systems,and theaircraft's standardequipment.

The Chapter 4 "Airworthiness" of the SA 160 Maintenance Manual containsthe prescribedlimitations concerning themaintenance.

The aircraft must be operated in compliance with these operating limits, which areprovided inthe form ofmarkings andplacards aswell asin this manual. Operating limits for specific systems and equipment are incorporated in section9, entitled"Supplements".

Airspeed KIAS KCAS

- 162 162 Do not exceed this speed in any operation.

Maximum Structural Cruising 130 130 Speed - Do not exceed this speed except in smooth air and then only with caution.

975 kg (2150 lbs). Do not make 116 116 full or abrupt control movements above this speed.

Maneuvering Speed at weightV/V

SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS

Feb 25, 2005

Page 31

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

WARNING !

2-3

Airspeed KIAS KCAS

Maximum Flap Extended Speed 90 89

, Flap setting 20° and 40° Do not exceed this speed with flaps down.

Stalling Speed - Minimum 60 59 steady flight speed at which the aircraft is controllable.

Stalling Speed - Minimum 51 50 steady flight speed at which the aircraft is controllable in the landing configuration.

2.5 AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS

SECTION 2

LIMITATIONS

Feb 25, 2005

Markings KIAS Remarks

Red Line 162 Never exceed speed. Maximum speed for

all operations.

Yellow Arc 130 - 162 Operations must be conducted with

caution and only in smooth air.

The maneuvering speed decreases at lighter weight as the effects ofaerodynamic forcesbecome morepronounced. Linear interpolation may be used for intermediate gross weights. Maneuvering speed should not be exceeded while operating in roughair.

Page 32

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

2-4

2.7 POWER PLANT LIMITATIONS

(a) Number of Engines 1 (b) Engine Manufacturer Textron Lycoming (c) Engine Model Number O-320 D2A (d) Engine Operating Limits

(1) Maximum Takeoff Power 119 kW (160 BHP) (2) Maximum Engine Speed 2700 RPM (3) Maximum Oil Temperature 245 °F (118°C)

(e) Oil Pressure

Minimum Oil Pressure (Red Line) 25 psi Maximum Oil Pressure (Red Line) 97 psi

(f) Fuel Pressure

Minimum Pressure (Red Line) 0.5 psi Maximum Pressure (Red Line) 8 psi

(g) Fuel grade (minimum requirement)

only aviation fuel AVGAS 100LL

(h) Oil grades (minimum requirement) aviation oils

(see section 8, para. 8.11) (h) Number of Propellers 1 (i) Propeller Manufacturer MT-Propeller (j) Propeller Model MT 186 R 140-3D (k) Propeller Diameter 1.854 m (73 in.) (l) Static RPM at Maximum Takeoff Power 2700 RPM

SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS

Green Arc 60 - 130 Normal Operating Range

White Arc 51 - 90 Full Flap Operating Range

Markings KIAS Remarks

Feb 25, 2005

Page 33

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

2-5

2.9 ENGINE PARAMETER COLOR MARKINGS

ENGINE PARAMETER COLOR MARKINGS ON THE VM 1000 INDICATOR

SECTION 2

LIMITATIONS

Feb 25, 2005

Parameter

RPM ~ U / MIN

0600 - 2700

75 - 245

150 - 435

1300 -1550

24.0 - 28.7

1-50

28.8 - 31.9

32.0

436 - 500

501

0.5 - 8.0

2 -16

17-18

13.0 - 29.0

0-24

25-54

55-95

96-97

8.1

246

29.1 - 31.0

31.1

2701

MAN PRES ~ HG

OIL PRES ~ PSI

AMPS ~ A

VOLTS ~ V

OIL TEMP ~ °F

CHT ~ °F

EGT ~ °F

FUEL PRES ~ PSI

FUEL FLOW ~ GPH

LOW

RED ARC

(PROHIBITED)

UPPER

RED ARC

(PROHIBITED)

LOW

YELLOW ARC

(CAUTION!)

UPPER

YELLOW ARC

(CAUTION!)

GREEN ARC

(NORMAL

OPERATING

RANGE)

Page 34

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

2-6

2.11 WEIGHT LIMITS

(a) Maximum Ramp Weight: 975 kg (2150 lbs) (b) Maximum Takeoff Weight:

For dependence maximum weights on performance see section 5, “Performance”.

975 kg (2150 lbs) (c) Maximum Landing Weight 926 kg (2042 lbs) (d) Maximum Weight in Baggage Compartment 75 kg (165 lbs)

but in the front or rear area maximum 45 kg (99 lbs)

NOTE:

2.13 CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITS

Weight Forward Aft kg /lbs (m / in. aft of (m / in. aft of

Datum.) Datum)

648 / 1428 2.45 / 96.46 975 / 2150 - 2.60 / 102.36

hanges between the specified points are linear. The reference datum is 1.5367 m (60.5 in.) in front of the firewall. Statements for correct loading see also in section 6, “Weight and Balance".

NOTE: C

2.15 MANEUVER LIMITS

All aerobatics maneuvers including spins are prohibited. The aircraft is authorized for maneuvers in which the angle off bank is notmore than60°.

SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS

Feb 25, 2005

Page 35

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

2-7

2.17 FLIGHT LOAD FACTOR LIMITS

Configuration Maximum Flight Load

Factor

Flaps Up 3.80 / -1.5 Flaps Down 2.00

Maneuvers with a negative flight load factor are prohibited.

2.21 KINDS OF OPERATIONS

2.19 CREW

SECTION 2

LIMITATIONS

Feb 25, 2005

(a) Minimum Crew VFR 1 Pilot (b) Minimum Crew IFR (c) Max. Persons on Board 2

1 Pilot* (FAA registered Aircraft)

* Pilots operating aircraft of other than U.S. registry should refer to the appropriate

regulations of the country of certification.

The aircraft iscertified for VFR Day /Night andIFR operations as long as theequipment requiredby FARPart91 isinstalled andoperational.

Flightinto knownor forecasticing conditionsis prohibited.

The reference to types of flight operations on the operating limitation placard reflects equipment installed at the time of Airworthiness Certificateissuance.

Page 36

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

2-8

2.23 FUEL LIMITATIONS

2.25 OTHER LIMITATIONS

(a) Total Fuel: 122 l (32.2 U.S.Gallons)

Additional Fuel Limitations:

(a) With less than 12 liters (3 U.S. Gallons) per each wing tank (Indicator

shows “Lo”) power on descents with flaps fully extended must be limitedto maximum10 minutesduration.

(b) Usable Fuel: 110 l (29.1 U.S.Gallons)

SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS

(a) Airframe

For safe aircraft operation all four Vortex Generators (Refer to Section 7, 7.3Aircraft) mustbe inplace andin goodcondition.

Absence of one or several Vortex Generators affects the flight behaviorof theaircraft unfavorablywhen closeto thestall speed.

WARNING !

2.27 TEMPERATURE LIMITATION

(a) OAT for Operating (Avionics) -20/+50°C

Feb 25, 2005

Page 37

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

2-9

SECTION 2

LIMITATIONS

2.29 PLACARDS

The following placards must be attached inboard and outboard of the aircraftin therequired places.

1.In fullview ofthe pilot:

WITH FUELBELOW 12 LITERS (3 U.S. GAL.) IN EACH WING TANK (”Lo” IND.), POWER ON DESCENTS WITH FLAPS DOWN ARE LIMITEDTO 10 MINUTESMAX DURATION.

(SEEPOH)

Feb 25, 2005

For IFR equipped aircraft only.

For VFR equipped aircraft only.

OPERATING MODE: NORMAL CATEGORY FOR FLIGHTS IN VFR, DAY AND NIGHT CERTIFIED FLIGHTS INTO KNOWN ICING CONDITIONS ARE PROHIBITED! FLIGHTS IN HEAVY TURBULENT AIR AND CLOSE TO THUNDERSTORMS ARE PROHIBITED! SEE THE LIMITATION SECTION IN THE POH

MAXIMUM GROSS WEIGHT:

MANEUVERING SPEED: MAX. FLAP EXTENDED SPEED: MAX. DEMONSTRATED CROSSWIND COMPONENT:

MAXIMUM LANDING WEIGHT:

2150 [lbs] 2042 [lbs]

116 [kts]

90 [kts]

20 [kts] 17 [kts]

TAKEOFF LANDING

OPERATING MODE: NORMAL CATEGORY FOR FLIGHTS IN VFR, IFR, DAY AND NIGHT CERTIFIED FLIGHTS INTO KNOWN ICING CONDITIONS ARE PROHIBITED! FLIGHTS IN HEAVY TURBULENT AIR AND CLOSE TO THUNDERSTORMS ARE PROHIBITED! SEE THE LIMITATION SECTION IN THE POH

MAXIMUM GROSS WEIGHT:

MANEUVERING SPEED: MAX. FLAP EXTENDED SPEED: MAX. DEMONSTRATED CROSSWIND COMPONENT:

MAXIMUM LANDING WEIGHT:

2150 [lbs] 2042 [lbs]

116 [kts]

90 [kts]

20 [kts] 17 [kts]

TAKEOFF LANDING

Page 38

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

2-10

SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS

MODEL

A 229

MANUFACTURED

SA 160

ERIAL NO.

0X/200X S-XXXX

Symphony Aircraft Industries

Trois-Rivieres-Québec

Canada

2. Near oil access door

3. Left fuselage, near the engine cowling

USE ONLY OIL THAT COMPLIES WITH APPLICABLE

PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK

ENGINE OIL

ABOVE 16°C (60°F) SAE 40 OR SAE 50

-1°C TO 32°C SAE 40

-18°C TO 21°C SAE 30 OR SAE 40 BELOW -12°C SAE 30

(30°F) (90°F)

(0°F) (70°F)

(10°F)

NO SMOKING

THE AIRCRAFT MUST BE OPERATED IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK

ACROBATIC MANEUVERS, INCLUDING SPINS, ARE NOT APPROVED

TYPE CERTIFICATE

Feb 25, 2005

Page 39

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

2-11

SECTION 2

LIMITATIONS

Rescue!

PUSH AND TURN DOWN TO OPEN

2. OPEN2. OPEN

1. PUSH

5. On the doors below the door handle

99 LBS MAXIMUM

MAXIMUM

MAXIMUM 165 COMBINED

BAGGAGE FORWARD OF RED MARKING

BAGGAGE AFT OF RED MARKING

99 LBS

LBS

SEE WEIGHT AND BALANCE DATA

6. On the baggage door

AIRCRAFT DATA PLATE

LOCATED AT FIREWALL

THIS SIDE!

4. On the left fuselage side below the horizontal stabilizer

Feb 25, 2005

Page 40

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

2-12

SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS

8. Near fuel tank filler cap

CAUTION 24 VOLTS D.C.

OBSERVE PROPER POLARITY

THIS AIRCRAFT IS EQUIPPED WITH

ALTERNATOR AND A NEGATIVE

GROUND SYSTEM.

REVERSE POLARITY WILL DAMAGE

ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS.

7. Near external power receptacle

Feb 25, 2005

For aircraft registered in countries where SI units are used.

For aircraft registered in countries where imperial units are used.

Page 41

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 3

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

3-1

SECTION 3

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Page

3.1 General..................................................................................................3-2

3.3 Airspeeds for Emergency Operations..............................................3-3

3.5 Emergency Procedures Checklist .....................................................3-4

(a) Engine Failure During Takeoff Roll.......................................3-4

(b) Engine Failure Immediately After Takeoff...........................3-4

(d) Landing Without Engine Power............................................3-5

(e) Rough Engine Operation .......................................................3-5

(f) Precautionary Landing With Engine Power........................3-6

(g) Ditching .....................................................................................3-6

(h) Engine Fire During Start.........................................................3-7

(i) Engine Fire In Flight................................................................3-7

(j) Electrical Fire In Flight ............................................................3-8

(k) Loss Of Oil Pressure ................................................................3-8

(l) Power Supply System Malfunction.......................................3-9

(m) Excessive Rate Of Charge.......................................................3-9

(n) Icing............................................................................................3-9

(o) Flap Actuator Drive Failure ...................................................3-9

(p) Static Source Blockage (IFR).................................................3-10

(q) Spin Recovery Procedure .....................................................3-10

3.7 Amplified Emergency Procedures..................................................3-11

Engine Failure During Takeoff Roll (3.5 a)..................................3-11

Engine Failure Immediately After Takeoff (3.5 b)......................3-11

Engine Failure During Flight (3.5 c).............................................3-12

Landing Without Engine Power (3.5 d) ......................................3-13

Rough Engine Operation (3.5 e)...................................................3-14

Feb 25, 2005

Page 42

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

3-2

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

3.1 GENERAL

SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Precautionary Landing With Engine Power (3.5 f) ...................3-14

Ditching (3.5 g)................................................................................3-15

Engine Fire During Start (3.5 h) ...................................................3-15

Engine Fire In Flight (3.5 i)............................................................3-16

Electrical Fire In Flight (3.5 j) ........................................................3-16

Loss Of Oil Pressure (3.5 k)...........................................................3-17

Power Supply System Malfunction (3.5 l)...................................3-18

Excessive Rate Of Charge (3.5 m).................................................3-18

Icing (3.5 n) ......................................................................................3-19

Static Source Blockage IFR (3.5 p)................................................3-20

Spin Recovery Procedure (3.5 q) ..................................................3-20

This section contains the recommended procedures for coping with various emergencies or critical situations as required by the Aviation Authorities, as well as those necessary for operation of the aircraft, as determined bythe operatingand designfeatures ofthe aircraft. Emergency procedures associated with optional systems and equipment, which require handbook supplements, are presented in Section9, “Supplements”. Thissection isdivided intotwo mainparts:

1) The first part contains the emergency procedure checklists. These

checklists are clearly arranged to give an action sequence to be followedduring givensituations withoutexplanations.

2) The second part provides amplified emergency procedures

corresponding tothe emergency procedures checklist items. These amplified emergency procedures contain additional information to

Feb 25, 2005

Page 43

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

3-3

3.3 AIRSPEEDS FOR EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

(a) Stalling Speeds

(b) Maneuvering Speeds

(d) Speed For Maximum Gliding

975 kg (2150 lbs) Flaps Up ............................................................60 KIAS

, Flaps Full Down..............................................51 KIAS

...........................................................................116 KIAS

..................................................................162 KIAS

i) Flaps Up.......................................................................................74 KIAS

ii) Flaps 20°......................................................................................65 KIAS

Gliding at the above speeds will result in 1.6 NM of gliding distance per 1000 ft for both flight configurations.

975 kg (2150 lbs)

Distance Without Engine Power

SECTION 3

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

provide the pilot with a more complete description of the procedures and a better understanding of the reasons for the actionslisted. The numbers located in parentheses () after each paragraph headingindicate thecorresponding checklistparagraph.

It isrecommended thatpilots familiarizethemselves withthe emergency procedures described in this section and review them periodically. This process helps ensure pilots take the appropriate action should an emergencysituation arise. These proceduresare offeredas acourse ofaction forcoping witha given situation or condition.

Standard Emergency Procedures are a part of pilot training. The information given here does not replace this education. They provide a sourceof referencefor theprocedures thatare applicableto thisaircraft.

They are not a substitute for sound judgment,

goodairmanship andcommon sense

Feb 25, 2005

Page 44

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

3-4

3.5 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES CHECKLIST

(a) Engine Failure During Takeoff Roll

1. Throttle...........................................................................................IDLE

2. Apply brakesand holddirection. Avoidobstructions, ifpossible:

3. Flaps .......................................................................................RETRACT

4. Mixture ........................................................................IDLE CUT-OFF

5. Ignition Switch ...............................................................................OFF

6. Switch ALT / BAT............................................................................OFF

(b) Engine Failure Immediately After Takeoff

1. Establish glide,

Airspeed with Flaps down .....................................................65 KIAS

Airspeed with Flaps up...........................................................74 KIAS

2. Land straight ahead, make only shallow turn to avoid obstructions, if possible:

3. Mixture ........................................................................IDLE CUT-OFF

4. Fuel Valve ........................................................................................OFF

5. Ignition Switch ...............................................................................OFF

6. Switch ALT / BAT............................................................................OFF

1. Establish glide - secure airspeed of 74 KIAS. Locate suitable

field. At sufficient flight altitude:

2. Mixture................................................................CHECK FULL RICH

3. Aux. Fuel Pump ...............................................................................ON

4. Carburetor Heat...............................................................................ON

5. Ignition Switch ........................................................................“BOTH“

SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Feb 25, 2005

Page 45

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

6. Fuel Valve ..........................................................................CHECK ON

7. Fuel Quantity ...........................................................................CHECK

8. Engine Parameters...................................................................CHECK

If power is not restored, prepare for Landing Without Engine Power (d).

If propeller is stopped (V<70 KIAS):

Ignition switch shortly ..........................................................“START“

to initiate autorotation.

3-5

SECTION 3

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

(d) Landing Without Engine Power

1. Airspeed ....................................................................................74 KIAS

2. Seat Belts and Harnesses..........................................................TIGHT

3. Flaps .............................................................................as required SET

Before landing:

4. Mixture ........................................................................IDLE CUT-OFF

5. Fuel Valve ........................................................................................OFF

6. Ignition Switch ...............................................................................OFF

7. Switch ALT / BAT............................................................................OFF

Touchdown with lowest possible airspeed

8. Doors................................UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN

9. Brakes as required.....................................................................APPLY

(e) Rough Engine Operation

1. Carburetor Heat...............................................................................ON

2. Aux. Fuel Pump ...............................................................................ON

3. Mixture ...........................ADJUST for MAXIMUM SMOOTHNESS

4. Primer ......................................................................CHECK LOCKED

5. Ignition Switch...................................................L thenR; thenBOTH

If operation is satisfactory on either magneto, continue on that magneto to first suitable airfield.

7. Engine Parameters...................................................................CHECK

If roughness continues for some minutes and atmospheric

conditions make carburetor icing unlikely:

8. Carburetor Heat .............................................................................OFF

Feb 25, 2005

Page 46

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

3-6

SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

(f) Precautionary Landing With Engine Power

1. Locate suitablefield. Test suitabilityof thefield withoverflight.

2. If radio contact is available, inform the corresponding ground stationabout intentionsand location.

3. Prepare forlanding approach. In finalturn:

4. Airspeed ....................................................................................65 KIAS

5. Flaps....................................................................................................40°

6. Seat Belts and Harnesses..........................................................TIGHT

Before landing:

7. Switch ALT / BAT............................................................................OFF

9. After touchdown with lowest possible airspeed, apply brakes and attempt to avoid obstructions, if possible:

10. Mixture ........................................................................IDLE CUT-OFF

11. Ignition Switch ...............................................................................OFF

12. Fuel Valve ........................................................................................OFF

8. Cabin Doors........................UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN

(g) Ditching

After an engine failure immediately secure glide speed 74 KIAS, trim aircraft. Whenthe mainlandcan't bereached:

1. Transmit Mayday message giving location and intentions, set Squawk7700 (oras directedby TC) Perform approach into the wind if strong winds and heavy seas, otherwise parallelto swells.

2. Seat Belts and Harnesses..........................................................TIGHT

3. ELT ........................................................................................ACTIVATE

4. Flaps (65 KIAS) ..................................................................................40°

7. Aircraft ................................................................................EVACUATE

8. Inflate LifeVests andRaft whenclear ofaircraft.

Cabin Doors......................UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN

6 Touchdown on water surface should be made at lowest possible

airspeed with maximum angle off attack.

Feb 25, 2005

Page 47

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

3-7

SECTION 3

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

(h) Engine Fire During Engine Start

1. Ignition Switch........................................................CRANK ENGINE

If engine starts:

2. Keep throttle for a few minutes at.....................................1800 RPM

3. Engine .............................................................................SHUTDOWN

and inspect for damage.

If engine fails to start:

4. Ignition Switch.........................CONTINUE CRANKING ENGINE

5. Throttle .............................................................................FULL OPEN

6. Mixture ........................................................................IDLE CUT-OFF

7. Fuel Valve ........................................................................................OFF

If fire continues

8. “ALT / BAT“......................................................................................OFF

9. Fire Extinguisher ............................................................................USE

10. Aircraft ................................................................................EVACUATE

(i) Engine Fire In Flight

1. Fuel Valve ........................................................................................OFF

2. Throttle....................................................................................CLOSED

3. Mixture ........................................................................IDLE CUT-OFF

4. Aux. Fuel Pump ..............................................................................OFF

5. Cabin Heat.......................................................................................OFF

6. Cabin Ventilation for Lowest

Smoke in Cabin ...............................................................................SET

Inform the corresponding ground station

7. “ALT / BAT“......................................................................................OFF

8. Fire Extinguisher as required............................................ACTIVATE

Proceed with Landing Without Engine Power(d)

Feb 25, 2005

Page 48

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

3-8

SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

(j) Electrical Fire In Flight

1. Switch ALT / BAT............................................................................OFF

2. Cabin Ventilation ...................................................................CLOSED

3. Cabin Heat.......................................................................................OFF

4. Fire Extinguisher as required............................................ACTIVATE

5. All other Switches

(except ignition switch).................................................................OFF

Afterfire iscompletely extinguished,ventilate cabin. If it cannot be visually determined that the fire is completely extinguished,land assoon aspossible.

Afterascertaining thatfire hasbeen extinguishedcompletely:

6. Cabin ventilation.............................................................FULL OPEN

7. Switch ALT / BAT.............................................................................ON

8. Circuit Breakers........................................................................CHECK

If the short circuit is localized:

9. Required electrics ............................................................................ON

10. Land as soon as practical to inspect damages.

WARNING !

(k) Loss Of Oil Pressure

Land as soon as possible.

Oil Temperature.............................................................................CHECK

Prepare for Landing Without Engine Power (d).

Feb 25, 2005

Page 49

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

3-9

SECTION 3

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

(l) Power Supply System Malfunction

Ammeterand voltmetershows apower supplysystem malfunction.

1. “ALT“ Switch .....................................................................CHECK ON

2. ALT FLD circuit breaker..........................................................CHECK

and reset as required.

3. “ALT“ Switch ..................................................................OFF then ON

Ifpower ofalternator isnot restored:

4. “ALT“Switch....................................................................................OFF

5. Non-essential electrical equipment.............................................OFF

6. Land as soon as practical.

(m) Excessive Rate Of Charge

Ammeter and voltmeter shows a excessive rate of charge.

1. “ALT“ Switch ...................................................................................OFF

2. Non-essential electrical equipment.............................................OFF

3. Land as soon as practical.

(n) Icing

Watch for signs of icing conditions, immediately leave the region in whichthe icingoccurred. Ifpossible, changeflight altitude.

Feb 25, 2005

(o) Flap Actuator Drive Failure

“Flap in Motion” light stay ¨on¨ when the flaps are fully retracted or extended.

1. FLAPS circuit breaker .......................................................................PULL

2. Land as soon as practical.

Page 50

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

Page 51

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

(q) Spin Recovery Procedure

1. Throttle ..........................................................................................IDLE

2. Ailerons ................................................................................NEUTRAL

3. Rudder ..........FULL OPPOSITE TO DIRECTION OF ROTATION

At the same time

4. Elevator ................................................................................NEUTRAL

5. Rudder (when rotation stops) ..........................................NEUTRAL

As rotation stops make a smooth recovery from the dive. If flaps were extended, retract and establish horizontal flight with engine poweras required.

3-10

Icing has a very strong negative effect on the aerodynamic characteristicsof theaircraft. Stalling speedincreases. Continuedflight inicing conditionsis prohibited.

1. Pitot Heat Switch.............................................................................ON

2. Carburetor Heat...............................................................................ON

4. Wind shield Heat

With an ice accumulation of 5mm ore more on the wing leading edges, perform landing with flaps retracted or in 20° position. Airspeed in final approach must be higher corresponding the ice accumulationand theflap position.

Cabin Heat / Ventilation .................................................................ON

Land at the nearest airfield.

.............................................................................ON

(p) Static Source Blockage (IFR)

1. Alternate Static Source ....................................................................OPEN

2. Airspeed .........................................................................................ADJUST

According to the Airspeed Calibration

(Alternate Static Source) table in Section 5. P.5.11

WARNING !

Feb 25, 2005

Page 52

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

3.7 AMPLIFIED EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Engine Failure During Takeoff Roll Checklist 3.5 a

If lossof poweroccurs duringtakeoff roll, theaircraft mustbe brought to a halt as soon as possible in order to avoid leaving the runway. Enginepower mustbe reducedto idle. It is recommended that flaps be retracted in order to reduce lift force. This increases the rolling friction and therefore decreases the accelerate-stopdistance. If the aircraft goes off the runway, damage (possible collision with obstacles and even overturning) cannot be excluded. Seat belts and harnesses mustbe tightto reducethe possibilityof injury. In order to reduce the danger of a short circuit and /or fire, the fuel supply tothe engineshould becut offand theelectrical systemturned off. Cut off the fuel supply by moving the Mixture control to the position IDLE CUT-OFF. Turn off the ALT / BAT switch and the ignitionswitch.

Engine Failure Immediately After Takeoff Checklist 3.5 b

In climbingflight withoutengine power, theaircraft will loseairspeed very quickly. In order to guarantee further controllability the control stickmust bemoved forward toestablish aglide attitude. Avoidobstacles andavoid steepangles ofbank.

At no time should the airspeed decrease below the stalling speed for the configuration setting. Note: This speed increases by increasing the angle of bank of the aircraft. See section 5 Fig. 5-5 "StallingSpeed".

WARNING !

Feb 25, 2005

3-11

Page 53

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

3-12

Engine Failure During Flight (Restart Procedures)

Checklist 3.5 c

Sudden and complete engine power loss is usually the result of fuel flow interruption. Power should be restored shortly after fuel flowis restored. If power loss occurs at low altitude, the first step is to prepare for an emergency landing. Promptly establish a glide attitude and secure the speed for best gliding angle (74 KIAS). Trim the aircraft and look fora fieldsuitable forlanding. If altitude permits, move the mixture control to RICH and check the auxiliary fuel pump and, if required, switch to ON. It supports the fuel supply to the engine if the engine driven fuel pump has failed. Switch the carburetor heat to ON. Check to ensure the ignition switchis in"BOTH" position.

At airspeeds below 75 KIAS the propeller can stop (no autorotation).

In this event increase the airspeed to autorotation or turn ignition

When performing an off field landing, damage (possible collision with obstacles and even overturning) cannot be excluded. Seat belts andharnesses mustbe tightto reducethe possibilityof injury. In order to reduce the danger of a short circuit and /or fire, the fuel supply to the engine should cut off and the electrical system turned off. Cut off the fuel supply by moving the Mixture control to the position IDLECUT-OFF and the fuel valve to OFF. Turn off the ALT / BATswitch andthe ignitionswitch. Touchdownshould bemade atthe lowestpossible airspeed.

WARNING !

Feb 25, 2005

SECTION 3

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Page 54

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

Page 55

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

3-13

SECTION 3

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Landing Without Engine Power Checklist 3.5 d

The gliding air speed of 74 KIAS (flaps up) and 65 KIAS (flaps 20°) delivers minimum loss of altitude in a given time. Over a distance of

1.6NM theloss ofaltitude is1000 ft. With sufficient altitude and after selection of a suitable field, a spiral pattern should be attempted around the selected field. In this way, a series of correction possibilities are available in order to complete a preciselanding atthe chosenpoint withoutengine power. While descending, if radio contact is available, notify the corresponding ground station of your difficulty, location and intentions. Excessaltitude maybe lostby wideningthe pattern, using flaps,side-slipping, ora combinationof these.

Atno time should theairspeed reducebelow thestalling speed for the configuration setting. Note: This speed increases by increasing the angle of bank of the aircraft. See section 5, Fig. 5-4 “StallingSpeed“.

In order to contact the ground at the lowest possible speed, flaps should be full extended just before landing and the speed should be 65KIAS.

WARNING !

switchto STARTtostart theengine. Check the fuel valve is in ON position, and the fuel quantity in the wing tanks is sufficient. By examining the engine parameters, it is usually possible to determine the cause of the power loss and rectify thesituation. As soon as the engine power is restored, and if the failure cause was notcarburetor icing,move thecarburetor heatto theOFF position. If power is not regained, proceed with the “Landing Without Engine

Feb 25, 2005

Page 56

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

Precautionary Landing With Engine Power Checklist 3.5 f

A precautionary landing with engine power usually offers sufficient time reserve to take all the necessary measures to minimize the danger. The choice of the field should be made considering size, surface conditions, vegetation, any obstructions in the planned

3-14

Rough Engine Operation Checklist 3.5 e

Roughengine operationcan becaused byvarious problems. In the case of carburetor icing, turn carburetor heat ON. Wait for a decrease in engine roughness or an increase in RPM, indicating ice removal. If carburetor heat shows no effect, and atmospheric conditions make carburetor icing unlikely (if CAT indicator installed, check reading), after some minutes turn carburetor heat OFF. Check thefuel valveis inON position. The auxiliary fuel pump supports the fuel supply to engine if the enginedriven fuelpump doesnot workcorrectly. Check the mixture control lever position, adjust for maximum smoothness. A unlocked primer may also cause for engine roughness. Switching from BOTH to either L or R ignition switch position will identifya magnetoor aspark plugproblem. Check the VM 1000 display for abnormal readings that may indicate thecause.

SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

While perform a forced landing on unknown field, damage (possible collision with obstacles and even overturning) cannot be excluded. Seat belts and harnesses must be tight to reduce the possibility of injury. In order to reduce the danger of a short circuit and /or fire, the fuel supply to the engine should cut off and the electrical system turned off. Cut off the fuel supply by moving the Mixture control to the position IDLECUT-OFF and the fuel valve to OFF. Turn off the ALT / BATswitch andthe ignitionswitch.

Feb 25, 2005

Page 57

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

3-15

SECTION 3

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

approach direction and the current wind direction. A fly-over provides the opportunity for abetter assessment of the selectedfield. A ground station by radio should if possible, be informed of the decisionfor precautionary landingand thelocation. It is recommended to make a landing approach from the downwind leg above the field. This procedure provides enough time and correction possibilitiesfor a precise approach. On final approach the normal speedand flapsettings shouldbe taken. Perform a landing on an non-prepared field, any damage (possible collision with obstacles or overturn) can not be excluded. Seat belts andharnesses setup tightlyreduce theinjury hazard. When committed toa landing, turn OFF theALT / BAT switchbefore touchdown and unlatch both doors before touch down. After touchdown at the lowest possible airspeed, attempt to brake the aircraft as soonas possible. Stop the engine withmixture controland Ignition Switch. Then, closing the fuel valve, interrupt the fuel supply.

Ditching Checklist 3.5 g

During a landing in water, tighten seat belts to reduce the risk of injury. Brief passenger, if any, on the opening mechanism of the seat beltsbefore touchdown.Unlatchdoor beforetouchdown. Touchdown on the water surface with minimum possible airspeed and maximum angle of attack. Evacuate aircraft, inflate life vests and raftwhen clearof aircraft.

Engine Fire During Engine Start Checklist 3.5 h

Engine firesduring enginestart are usuallythe result ofover priming. In such a case, the first effort to extinguish the fire should be to

Feb 25, 2005

Page 58

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

3-16

Electrical Fire In Flight Checklist 3.5 j

If smoke and/or fumes are experienced inthe cabin, this may indicate a cable fire, the whole electrical system of the aircraft should be switched off to prevent spreading of any fire: With the exception of the ignition, turn all electrical equipment and the ALT / BAT switch OFF. Turn the cabin heat OFF and close the cabin ventilation to avoid smokeingress intothe cabin. After discharging fire extinguisher ascertain that the fire has been extinguished. Then ventilatethe cabinsufficiently.

SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

attempt an engine start in order to draw the excess fuel back into the induction system. If the engine starts, with higher RPM there is a good chance to blow out a possible external fire. If the engine fails to start, try to draw the fire back into the engine by moving the mixture control to IDLE CUT-OFF, opening the throttle, turning OFF the fuel valve,while crankingthe engine. If is not possible to extinguish thefire, turn OFF the ALT / BAT switch, usethe fireextinguisher,evacuate theaircraft.

Engine Fire In Flight Checklist 3.5 i

If an enginefire exists, shut off thefuel supplyto theengine by closing the fuel valve. Then, stop the engine with the throttle, the mixture control and the ignition switch. Turn OFF the auxiliary fuel pump. In order to avoid smoke reaching the cabin, check cabin heat is off. If smoke enters the cabin via cabin ventilation, close it. After information of the corresponding groundstation about thesituation, turn OFF ALT/ BAT switch. Proceed with the “Landing Without EnginePower” procedure(Checklist 3.5d).

clearly

Feb 25, 2005

Page 59

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

3-17

WARNING !

Loss of Oil Pressure Checklist 3.5 k

Loss of oil pressuremay beeither partialor complete. A partial lossof oil pressure usually indicates a malfunction in the oil pressure regulating systemof theengine. However,an oilloss and/ordefect of the oilpump isalso possible. In eithercase, a landingshould bemade as soon as possible to investigate the cause and to prevent engine damage. A complete loss of oil pressure indication may be the result of a faulty gauge,a totaloil pumpfailure, ormay signifyoil exhaustion. Immediately proceedtoward the nearestairfield, andbe prepared for the engine to stop suddenly. Avoid unnecessary loadson the engine. Flight altitude should be maintained. Pay particular attention to the oiltemperature. Depending on the circumstances, it may be advisable to make a off field landing while power is still available, particularly if other indications of actual oil pressure loss, such as sudden increase in temperatures, or oil smoke, or oil on the windshield, are apparent, andan airfield isnot close. If an engine stoppage occurs, proceed with “Landing Without EnginePower” (Checklist3.5 d)

SECTION 3

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Feb 25, 2005

Residual smoke in the cabin can cause feeling of sickness and of nausea. Therefore, ventilatecabin fully andmake aprecautionary emergencylanding.

Pop all circuit breakers and set ALT / BAT switch ON. Then set circuit breakers one by one for required electrics and to localize a possible shortcircuit.

Page 60

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

3-18

SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Power Supply System Malfunction Checklist 3.5 l

Loss of alternator output can be detected by monitoring the ammeter andthe voltmeteron theVM 1000indicator. Verify the “ALT” switch is on. Check the ALT FLD circuit breaker and resetif required. Attempt to reset the over voltage protection system of the alternator regulator by turning “ALT” OFF and then ON. Check the ammeter andvoltmeter. If the alternator will not reset, turn OFF the ALT switch and reduce the electrical load to a minimum. All electrical load is now being supplied by the battery. Turn off all non-essential electrical equipment. Proceedtoward nearestairfield.

A power supply malfunction has no effect of the engine operation.

NOTE:

Excessive Rate Of Charge Checklist 3.5 m

With a faulty alternator regulator an excessive rate of charge and an

overchargingof thebattery mayoccur. Electricalequipment maybe damagedby overvoltage. If ammeter and voltmeter on the VM 1000 indicator indicates an

excessive rate of charge, turn OFF the Alternator by the switch ALT.

Turn off non-essential electrical equipment, to decreases the battery

discharge. In such case all electrical load is being supplied by the

battery. Terminate flightas soonas practical.

Feb 25, 2005

Page 61

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

3-19

WARNING !

SECTION 3

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Feb 25, 2005

Icing Checklist 3.5 n

Under certain circumstances, usually in cold weather, icing conditions mayprevail andice can accumulateon external surfaces of the aircraft. The occurrence and the manner of icing depends on the air temperature, humidity, as well asother atmospherically condition butalso onthe airspeedof theaircraft. At the first sign of icing conditions the area of icing should be left as soonas possible.

Icing has a very strong negative effect on the aerodynamic characteristicsof theaircraft. Stalling speedincreases. Continuedflight inicing conditionsis prohibited.

Achange oftemperature willoccur witha changeof altitude. The pitot heat reduces the chance of ice accumulation on the pitot tube, which could cause wrong indications and failure of the static / dynamicsystem. The carburetor is especially at risk because of the rapid absorption of heat from the air by vaporization of the fuel. To prevent carburetor icing and an engine power loss, switch carburetor heat . Cabin heatingand cabinventilation preventsicing onthe windshield. It is advisable to proceed toward the nearest airfield and wait for better weatherconditions. Withan ice accumulation on the wingleading edges of 5mm or more, perform alanding withflaps upor in20° position. The landing approach speed should be higher depending upon amountof theaccumulation.

Page 62

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

3-20

SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Static Source Blockage (IFR) Checklist 3.5

If erroneous readings of the static source instruments (aispeed, altimeter and verticalspeed) aresuspected, thealternate staticsource valve, onthe left side of instrument panel, should be opened to supply static pressure from the cabin to these instruments. With the alternate static source on, adjust indicated airspeed slightly during climb or approach according to the Airspeed Calibration (Alternate Static Source) table in section 5 as page 5.11 appropriate for vent configuration, causing the aircraft to be flownwithin thenormal operatingspeed limits.

Spin Recovery Procedure Checklist 3.5 p

Cause ofinadvertent spinsis usually theresult ofheavy orinsensitive controlinputs. The spinrecoveryis unproblematicwith theSA 160.

Once the spin is recognized: first move the throttle to idle and the ailerons to neutral. Stop the rotation of the aircraft by applying the rudder full opposite to the direction of yaw. At the same time move the control stick forward up until the elevator is approx. in neutral position,to reducethe angleof attackto subcritical values. When the rotation stops, neutralize the rudder and make a smooth recovery from the resulting dive increasing engine power as required. Ifflaps weredown retractas soonas rotationis stopped.

For spinrecovery movethe ailerons in neutral position andNOTE:

WARNING !

Feb 25, 2005

Intentionalspins inthe SA 160 are prohibited.

Page 63

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

check this by means of control stick position to the panel. Different aileron forces cause an incorrect neutral position andmay delaythe spinrecovery.

The maximum altitude loss for a 1-turn spin is 300 ft. 1000 ft may required to accomplishing both, the spin recovery and the dive

3-21

SECTION 3

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Feb 25, 2005

Page 64

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

Page 65

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

4-1

Page

4.1 General..................................................................................................4-3

4.3 Airspeeds For Normal Operation .....................................................4-4

4.5 Normal Procedures Checklist............................................................4-4

(a) Preflight Inspection .................................................................4-4

(b) Before Starting Engine ............................................................4-9

(d) Starting Hot Engine ..............................................................4-10

(e) Engine Start With External Power Source .........................4-10

(f) Warm-Up.................................................................................4-10

(g) Taxiing......................................................................................4-11

(h) Ground Check........................................................................4-11

(i) Before Takeoff .........................................................................4-12

(j) Takeoff......................................................................................4-12

Normal Conditions .............................................................4-12

Short Field ............................................................................4-13

(k) Climb........................................................................................4-13

(l) Cruise.......................................................................................4-13

(m) Descent ....................................................................................4-14

(n) Before Landing.......................................................................4-14

(o) Landing....................................................................................4-15

Normal Conditions .............................................................4-15

Balked Landing ...................................................................4-15

(p) After Landing..........................................................................4-15

(q) Engine Shut Down 4-16

(r) After Engine Shut Down ......................................................4-16

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

Feb 25, 2005

Page 66

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-2

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Page

4.7 Amplified Normal Procedures ........................................................4-17

(a) Preflight Inspection (4.5 a)....................................................4-17

Cabin .....................................................................................4-17

Left Wing..............................................................................4-18

Nose Section.........................................................................4-19

Right Wing ...........................................................................4-19

Fuselage ................................................................................4-20

(b) Before Starting Engine (4.5 b) ..............................................4-21

(d) Starting Hot Engine (4.5d)....................................................4-23

(e) Engine Start with External Power Source..........................4-23

(f) Warm-Up (4.5f).......................................................................4-24

(g) Taxiing (4.5 g) ..........................................................................4-24

(h) Ground Check(4.5h)..............................................................4-25

(i) Before Takeoff (4.5i) ...............................................................4-26

(j) Takeoff (4.5j)............................................................................4-26

Normal Conditions .............................................................4-26

Short Runway......................................................................4-27

(k) Climb (4.5k) .............................................................................4-27

(l) Cruise (4.5l) .............................................................................4-28

(m) Descent (4.5m) ........................................................................4-29

(n) Before Landing (4.5n)............................................................4-30

(o) Landing (4.5o).........................................................................4-31

Normal Conditions .............................................................4-31

Balked Landing ...................................................................4-31

(p) After Landing (4.5p) ..............................................................4-32

(q) Engine Shut Down (4.5q)......................................................4-32

(r) After Engine Shut Down (4.5r) ............................................4-32

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

Feb 25, 2005

Page 67

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-3

4.1 GENERAL

Thissection containsthe normal operatingprocedures forthe aircraft. All of the normal operating procedures required by the Aviation Authorities, as well as those necessary for operation of the aircraft, as determined by the operating and design features of the aircraft, are presented. Normal operating procedures associated with optional systems and equipment, which require handbook supplements, are presented in Section9, “Supplements”. This section shouldput the pilotin a position to usethe aircraft and/orits systems and equipment optimally and safely. Therefore, it is recommended tomake yourself familiarwith theprocedures and beable tomaster them.

Thissection isdivided intotwo mainparts:

1. The first part contains the normal procedure checklists. These checklists are clearly arranged to give an action sequence for normal procedureswith littleemphasis onthe operationof thesystems.

2. The second part provides amplified normal procedures corresponding to the normal procedures checklist items. These amplified normal procedures contain detailed information and explanations of theprocedures andhow toperform them. Thisportion ofthe sectionis notintended foruse inflight. The numbers located in parentheses () after each paragraph heading indicatethe corresponding checklistparagraph.

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

Feb 25, 2005

Page 68

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-4

4.3 AIR SPEEDS FOR NORMAL OPERATION

The following air speeds are important for the safe operation of the aircraft. These air speeds apply to a standard aircraft up to maximum weightand understandard conditionsat sealevel.

Performance for a specific aircraft may vary from published values depending upon different condition; e.g: different equipment on the aircraft,another engine, andother atmosphericfactors etc.

(a) BestRate ofClimb Speed ............................................................80KIAS

(decreaseofone knotper 1000ft tomin. 73KIAS)

(b) Best Angleof ClimbSpeed..........................................................70 KIAS

(d) BalkedLanding............................................................................65 KIAS

(e) MaximumTurbulent AirOperating Speed ............................130KIAS

(f) Max.Demonstr. CrosswindVelocity Takeoff/Ldg. .................20/17kts

4.5 NORMAL PROCEDURES CHECKLIST

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

(a) Preflight Inspection

1. Cabin

Control Stick Lock .....................................................................UNLOCK

POH / Checklists ....................................................................AVAILABLE

Electrical Switches................................................................................OFF

Light Dimmer Switches ......................................................................OFF

Ignition Switch .....................................................................................OFF

Circuit Breakers........................................................................CHECK IN

Throttle..........................................................................................CLOSED

Mixture ..............................................................................IDLE CUT-OFF

Flight Controls ....................................................................CHECK FREE

Trim.....................................................................CHECK, SET NEUTRAL

Feb 25, 2005

Page 69

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-5

Figure 4-1

PREFLIGHT INSPECTION

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

Feb 25, 2005

Page 70

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-6

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

Seat position...................................................................................CHECK

BAT Switch.............................................................................................ON

Fuel Quantity.................................................................................CHECK

Flaps EXTEND, Yellow Light “Flaps in Motion”......................CHECK

Landing Light (at Night)..............................................................CHECK

Strobe Light (at Night)..................................................................CHECK

NAV Light (at Night) ....................................................................CHECK

Instr. / Map Lights (at Night) .......................................................CHECK

BAT Switch............................................................................................OFF

Fuel Tank Sump .............................................DRAIN fuel into clear cup

Fuel ................................................................................CHECK for water,

sediment and proper fuel

Left Main Gear Strut and Wheel Fairing...................................CHECK

Main Wheel Tire............................................................................CHECK

for proper inflation and general condition

Wing Surface .............................................FREE of ICE, FROST, SNOW

Left-Side Top-Deck Hatch.......................................CHECK for security

Flap and Aileron......................................................CHECK for freedom

of movement and security

Bonding Straps ...............................CHECK for security of attachment

and general conditions

Static Dischargers ...........................CHECK for security of attachment

and general conditions

Counter Weight ..............................CHECK for security of attachment

Wing Tip and Lights .....................................................................CHECK

Wing Leading Edge with Vortex Generators ............................CHECK

Stall Warning System....................................................................CHECK

Fuel Tank Vent Line ..........................................CHECK for free venting

2. Left Wing

20° Flap Position Color Marking on Flap Track ........................CHECK

for condition

Feb 25, 2005

Page 71

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-7

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

Pitot Tube........................................................REMOVE pitot tube cover

Pitot Tube Hole.....................................................................CHECK clear

Fuel Tank ....................................................................CHECK VISUALLY

for desired level

Fuel Filler Cap ................................................................................CHECK

secure and vent unobstructed

Cowling...........................................................................................CHECK

fasteners for security

Windshield ........................................................CHECK for any damage

Air Inlets.............................................................CHECK for obstructions

Landing Light ........................................................CHECK for condition

Propeller and Spinner ..............................CHECK for nicks and cracks

Generator Drive Belt.......................................................CHECK tension

Oil...........................................................................................CHECK level

Oil Filler Cup...................................................................................CLOSE

Oil Access Door...............................................................................CLOSE

Nose Gear Strut and Wheel Fairing ...........................................CHECK

Nose Wheel Tire CHECK

For proper inflation and general condition

Wing Surface .............................................FREE of ICE, FROST, SNOW

Fuel Tank ....................................................................CHECK VISUALLY

for desired level

Fuel Filler Cap ................................................................................CHECK

Secure and Vent unobstructed

Wing Leading Edge with Vortex Generators ............................CHECK

Fuel Tank Vent Line ..........................................CHECK for free venting

Wing Tip and Lights .....................................................................CHECK

Counter Weight ..............................CHECK for security of attachment

3. Nose

4. Right Wing

Feb 25, 2005

Page 72

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-8

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

Static Dischargers ...........................CHECK for security of attachment

and general conditions

Flap and Aileron......................................................CHECK for freedom

of movement and security

Bonding Straps ...............................CHECK for security of attachment

and general conditions

Right-Side Top-Deck Hatch ....................................CHECK for security

Fuel Tank Sump .............................................DRAIN fuel into clear cup

Fuel ................................................................................CHECK for water,

sediment and proper fuel

Right Main Gear Strut and Wheel Fairing ................................CHECK

Main Wheel Tire............................................................................CHECK

for proper inflation and general condition

Fuselage Skins ..........................CHECK

Antennas.........................................................................................CHECK

Empennage ............................................CLEAR of ICE, FROST, SNOW

Elevator.....................CHECK for freedom of movement and security

Trim Tab ....................................................................CHECK for integrity

Rudder ......................CHECK for freedom of movement and security

Static Dischargers ...........................CHECK for security of attachment

and general conditions

Baggage Compartment ...................CHECK baggage anchored down

Baggage Door ..................................................CLOSED AND LOCKED

At fuselage bottom:

Fuel System Low-Point Drain......................DRAIN fuel into clear cup

Fuel..................................CHECK for water,

Static/Dynamic System Drain Valve..........................CHECK for water

Cabin:

20° Flap Position Color Marking on Flap Track ........................CHECK

for condition

for stress cracks and fractures

sediment and proper fuel

BAT Switch.............................................................................................ON

5. Fuselage

Feb 25, 2005

Page 73

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-9

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

Feb 25, 2005

(b) Before Starting Engine

Preflight Check ......................................................................COMPLETE

BAT switch..............................................................................................ON

Cabin Lighting (at Night)................................................AS REQUIRED

Fuel Quantity........................................................................SUFFICIENT

Seat Belts and Harnesses........................................FASTENED/CHECK

Cabin Doors ...........................................................CLOSED / LATCHED

Charts, Navigation Equipment, and

Flashlight (at Night) ..............................................................ON BOARD

AVIONIC 1, AVIONIC 2 (IFR) Switches...........................................OFF

Fuel Valve ................................................................................CHECK ON

Brakes......................................................................................................SET

ALT Switch ............................................................................................ON

INST LT / MAP LT Dimmer Switches (at Night) ..............................ON

DOME LT Switch (at Night)...............................................................OFF

STROBE LT Switch ...............................................................................ON

Carburetor Heat ...................................................................................OFF

Throttle.....................................................................6 mm (1/4 in.) OPEN

Mixture.....................................................................................FULL RICH

Primer ......................................................... ONE TO THREE STROKES

Propeller Area .................................................................................CLEAR

Ignition Switch.................................................................................START

Throttle...........................................................................................ADJUST

to 1000 - 1200 RPM

Oil pressure ....................................................................................CHECK

NAV LT Switch (at Night)....................................................................ON

Flaps.............................................................................................RETRACT

BAT Switch............................................................................................OFF

Page 74

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-10

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

(d) Starting Hot Engine

Brakes......................................................................................................SET

ALT Switch.............................................................................................ON

STROBE LT Switch ...............................................................................ON

Carburetor Heat ...................................................................................OFF

Throttle.....................................................................6 mm (1/4 in.) OPEN

Mixture.....................................................................................FULL RICH

Propeller Area .................................................................................CLEAR

Ignition Switch.................................................................................START

Throttle...........................................................................................ADJUST

to 1000 - 1200 RPM

Oil pressure ....................................................................................CHECK

NAV LT Switch (at Night)....................................................................ON

(e) Engine Start With External Power Source

External Power Source ...........................................................CONNECT

Start engine according (b) and (c) or (b) and (d), then:

Throttle.................................................................................................IDLE

External Power Plug.........................................................DISCONNECT

Throttle...........................................................................................ADJUST

to 1000 - 1200 RPM

Ammeter .........................................................................................CHECK

If engine does not start within 10 sec., disengage the starter and try again after a few seconds.

NOTE!

(f) Warm-Up

Throttle.............................................................................1000 - 1200 RPM

Avionic Equipment ..................................................ON AS REQUIRED

Feb 25, 2005

Page 75

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-11

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

(g) Taxiing

Taxi Area...........................................................................................CLEAR

Throttle............................................................................APPLY SLOWLY

Brakes ..............................................................................................CHECK

Controls...................................CHECK for free and correct movement

(h) Ground Check

Brakes................................................................................................APPLY

Throttle........................................................................................1800 RPM

Magnetos..................................................................CHECK “L“ then “R“

Maximum Drop 175 RPM

Maximum Difference 50 RPM between magneto

Ignition Switch..............................................................................“BOTH“

Throttle.................................................................................................IDLE

Engine runs smooth with..................................................500 - 700 RPM

Throttle.............................................................................1000 - 1200 RPM

Voltage.............................................................................................CHECK

Oil Pressure ....................................................................................CHECK

Oil Temperature.............................................................................CHECK

Fuel Pressure ..................................................................................CHECK

Carburetor Heat ....................................................................................ON

RPM drop at least 50 RPM

Carburetor Heat ...................................................................................OFF

Feb 25, 2005

Vacuum ...........................................................................................CHECK

Ammeter .........................................................................................CHECK

Oil Temperature.............................................................................CHECK

Circuit Breakers .............................................................................CHECK

Page 76

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-12

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

(j) Takeoff

Normal Conditions

Flaps..........................................................................................................20°

Brakes...........................................................................................RELEASE

Throttle...................................................................................FULL OPEN

At a speed of 53 KIAS..................................................ROTATE to lift-off

After lift-off accelerate to:

Airspeed...................................................................................65 - 75 KIAS

After an altitude of 50 ft is achieved:

(i) Before Takeoff

Brakes................................................................................................APPLY

Throttle.............................................................................1000 - 1200 RPM

Seats ...........................................................................................ENGAGED

Seat Belts and Harnesses........................................FASTENED/CHECK

Empty Seat ...........................................Seat Belts SNUGLY FASTENED

Cabin Doors...................................................CLOSED AND LATCHED

Instrument/Map Light (at Night)...............................................ADJUST

Primer

Fuel Valve ................................................................................CHECK ON

Pitot Heat................................................................................................ON

Aux. Fuel Pump.....................................................................................ON

Fuel Quantity.................................................................................CHECK

Mixture.....................................................................................FULL RICH

Carburetor Heat ...................................................................................OFF

Ignition Switch..............................................................................“BOTH“

Engine Parameters.........................................................................CHECK

Flight Instruments.....................................................adjust and CHECK

Navigation Equipment.............................OPERATIONAL as required

Trim .........................................................................................................SET

...........................................................................................LOCKED

Feb 25, 2005

Page 77

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-13

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

(l) Cruise

Trim .........................................................................................................SET

Cruise Power....................in accordance with the flight planning SET

Feb 25, 2005

Wing Flaps..................................................................................RETRACT

Airspeed ..........................................................................................80 KIAS

Flaps..........................................................................................................20°

Brakes................................................................................................APPLY

Throttle...................................................................................FULL OPEN

When full engine power is available:

Brakes...........................................................................................RELEASE

At a speed of 53 KIAS..................................................ROTATE to lift-off

After lift-off accelerate to:

Airspeed ..........................................................................................62 KIAS

After an altitude of 50 ft is achieved:

Wing Flaps..................................................................................RETRACT

Airspeed ..........................................................................................80 KIAS

Short Field

(k) Climb

Flaps .......................................................................................RETRACTED

Trim .................................................................................................ADJUST

Best Rate Climb Speed..................................................................80 KIAS

Best Angle Climb Speed ...............................................................70 KIAS

Aux. Fuel Pump....................................................................................OFF

Engine Parameters.........................................................................CHECK

Page 78

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

CAUTION !

4-14

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

(n) Before Landing

SeatBelts andHarnesses.........................................FASTENED/CHECK

Mixture.....................................................................................FULL RICH

Aux. Fuel Pump.....................................................................................ON

Carburetor Heat ....................................................................................ON

Landing Light........................................................................................ON

Flaps..................................................................................As required SET

Trim .........................................................................................................SET

Parking Brake Control Knob (optional)..............CHECK PUSHED IN

Final Approach Speed:

Flaps 40° ..........................................................................................65 KIAS

It is recommended that all necessary landing checks and actions in the cabin are completed before turning

NOTE:

Mixture ...........................................................................................ADJUST

Engine Parameters.........................................................................CHECK

Fuel Quantity.................................................................................CHECK

Prolonged operation with a lean mixture, at more than 75% enginepower, couldresult inengine damage.

(m) Descent

Carburetor Heat................................................................AS REQUIRED

Mixture..............................................................ENRICH AS REQUIRED

Power......................................................................................................SET

Airspeed .............................................................................AS REQUIRED

Cylinder Head Temperature........................................................CHECK

Feb 25, 2005

Page 79

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-15

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

(o) Landing

Normal Conditions

Balked Landing

Flaps..........................................................................................................40°

Airspeed...........................................................................................65 KIAS

Flare the aircraft,so thatit flaresout atapprox. 0,5 mover, and parallel to,the runway surface. Increase pitch with decreasing speed, so that the aircraft slowly approaches the ground and make contact with the lowest possible speed- mainwheels first. Aftertouchdown:

NoseWheel ...................................................................LOWER GENTLY

Braking................................................................................AS REQUIRED

Throttle....................................................................................FULL OPEN

CarburetorHeat....................................................................................OFF

Airspeed...........................................................................Stabilize 65KIAS

Trim .........................................................................................................SET

Afterreaching thesafety heightof 50ft:

Flaps.............................................................................................RETRACT

Feb 25, 2005

on to the final approach. In this way, the pilot's attention canbe directedcompletely tocontrolling the aircraft.

(p) After Landing

Flaps.............................................................................................RETRACT

CarburetorHeat....................................................................................OFF

FUELPUMP Switch.............................................................................OFF

Page 80

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-16

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

(q) Engine Shut Down

Flaps.............................................................................................RETRACT

Avionics .................................................................................................OFF

Throttle..............................................................................1000 -1200 RPM

Mixture...............................................................................IDLE CUT-OFF

IgnitionSwitch......................................................................................OFF

STROBELTSwitch ...............................................................................OFF

NAV LT Switch (at Night)...................................................................OFF

DOME LT Switch (at Night)................................................................ON

INST LT /MAP LT Dimmer Switch (at Night)..................................OFF

ALT / BAT Switch (on Day).................................................................OFF

ALT Switch (at Night)..........................................................................OFF

(r) After Engine Shut-Down

AllElectrical Equipment......................................................................OFF

IgnitionSwitch......................................................................................OFF

Throttle........................................................................................FULL AFT

Mixture...............................................................................IDLE CUT-OFF

ControlStick ................................................................................LOCKED

DOME LT Switch (at Night)...............................................................OFF

BATSwitch (atNight)...........................................................................OFF

WheelChocks.............................................................................IN PLACE

TieDowns......................................................................................SECURE

Coverings................................................................................INSTALLED

PITOTHT Switch .................................................................................OFF

LDGLTSwitch .........................................................................on dayOFF

Feb 25, 2005

Page 81

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-17

4.7 AMPLIFIED NORMAL PROCEDURES

The following provides detailed information and supplementary notes fornormal operationof theaircraft.

(a) Preflight Inspection (4.5 a)

The aircraft should be given a thorough preflight check. A check of the aircraft's logs is also required. Scheduled aircraftinspections and maintenancemust becompletely documented. The maincomponent ofpreflight inspectionis anaircraft visual check inaccordance withthe check-list(Fig. 4-1).

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

1. Cabin

Inthe cabin: first,unlock thecontrol stick. You should ascertain that a current SA 160 flight manual as well the checklistsare on-board. The instrumentation andthe control elements of the cockpit are tobe checkedfor externaldamage. Checkthe fuelquantity bymeans ofthe fuellevel indicator. Allswitches (inclusivethe ignitionswitch) mustbe OFF. Verify theinstrument/map lightdimmer switchesare inoff position.

When the instrument light dimmer switch is in ON position the annunciator lights “Fuel Pump” and “Flaps in Motion” will be dimmed(See Section7, “Lights”).

CAUTION !

Feb 25, 2005

Page 82

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-18

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

All circuit breakers are in ON position. The throttle control lever shouldbe inthe closedposition andthe mixturein idlecut-off. While movingcontrol stick,check theailerons andthe elevatorfor free andcorrect movement. Checkthe trimfor freedomof movementand setto neutral. Theseat positionand itslocking areto bechecked. Extend the wing flaps and leave this position for a better view of mechanics.

2. Left Wing

Bleed fuel from the left wing fuel tank drain into a clear vessel and inspect for water and sediment contamination. Drain until water or sediment isgone. Both fueltank sumps shouldbe draineddaily prior tothe firstflight. The left main gear strut with wheel fairing is to be checked for damage. The tire should be checked for proper inflation and condition. Next, check the wing surface is clear of ice, frost, snow or other extraneoussubstances. The quick-releaselocks ofthe top-deckhatches for theleft wingare to bechecked forproper lock. Verify the 20° flap position color marking on the inboard flap track is presentand ingood condition. At the wing trailing edge, the wing flaps and ailerons as well as its hinges are to be checked for damage and condition, the ailerons for smoothness and freedom of operation. Bonding straps and static dischargersshould befirmly attachedand ingood condition. The security of attachment of the aileron counter weight is to be checked. Checkthe wingtip andthe navigation/ strobelights fordamage. Check the wing leading edge with the vortex generators for any damage. With ALT / BAT in ON position it is possible to check the general function ofthe stallwarning systemby carefully moving upwardsthe smallplate onthe transmitter.

Feb 25, 2005

Page 83

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-19

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

Checkthe endof fueltank ventline forobstructions. Remove the cover from the pitot tube and check the pitot pressure holefor integrityand thatit isclear ofobstructions. Open the fuel cap and visually check the fuel level for correspondence with fuel level indicator reading. After this, replace capsecurely.

3. Nose Section

Check the cowling for damage and correct fitting. All quick-release fasteners of the cowling must be locked. Check the windshield for damage such as cracks and scratches and clean if necessary. Check the air inlets for damage and obstructions (use only authorized cleaningmaterials). The propeller and the spinner are to be checked for nicks, cracks, or otherdefects. Through the right air inlet check the proper tension of the alternator belt. Open the oil access door on the right side of the upper cowling and check the oil levelwith the dipstick. It shouldbe no less as5 liters (5,3 qts). Then,close theoil fillercap accurately. Close theoil accessdoor. Check the nose gear strut and the wheel fairing for damage. If required remove the wheel chock. Check tire for cuts, wear, and properinflation.

4. Right Wing

The wing surface should be clear of ice, frost, snow or other extraneoussubstances. Open the fuel cap and visually check the fuel level for correspondence with fuel level indicator reading. After this, replace capsecurely. Check the wing leading edge with the vortex generators for any damage. Theend offuel tankvent linemust befree ofobstructions. Check the wing tip and the navigation / strobe lights for mechanical

Feb 25, 2005

Page 84

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-20

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

damage. The security of attachment of the aileron counter weight is tobe checked. At the wing trailing edge, the ailerons and wing flaps as well as its hinges are to be checked for damage and condition, the ailerons for smoothness and freedom of operation. Bonding straps and static dischargersshould befirmly attachedand ingood condition.

Next, through the quick drain of the right wing fuel tank sump drain fuel into clear cup and check for water and sediment. Drain until wateror sedimentis gone. The right main gear strut and wheel fairing is to be checked for damage. The tire should be checked for proper inflation and condition.

Verify the 20° flap position color marking on the inboard flap track is presentand ingood condition. The quick-release locks of the top-deck hatches for the right wing are tobe checkedfor properlock.

5. Fuselage

The fuselage skins are to be checked for damage such as delaminations or tears and the antennae for their integrity and security. Checkthe staticports forobstructions andintegrity. The empennageshould beclear of ice,frost, snow orother extraneous substances. The security of attachment of the horizontal stabilizer, and the freedom of movement of the elevator are to be checked. The piano type hingesof the elevatorshow nodamage andare securedproperly as well as the elevator pushrod. The trim tab is in neutral position. Check trim tab pushrod. Rudder as well as its hinges are to be checkedfor damage,smoothness andfreedom ofoperation there. The static dischargers should be firmly attached and in good condition. The baggage in the baggage compartment should be securely anchored down. Close thebaggage doorand lockit bymeans ofboth locks.

Feb 25, 2005

Page 85

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-21

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

(b) Before Starting Engine (4.5 b)

Prior to starting the engine, a pre-flight check must be I night use the dome light. The fuelon board mustbe sufficient for the flight. Pilot and passenger must be securely fastened by the seat lapbelts and shoulder harnesses and the doors must be closed and secure.

Make sure that with the seat belts securely fastened all controls can be easily reached and can be move full travelwithout obstruction.

Check all navigation material necessary for the flight is on board (at nightadditionally aflashlight foremergency purposes). The AVIONICS switch should be in OFF position.

Any Avionics inthe ONposition couldbe damaged duringengine start.

Equipment unnecessarily switched ON during the start sequence, could complicate the starting process becauseof theirpower consumption.

Checkthe fuelvalve isin ONposition forfuel supply.

completed. At

NOTE:

CAUTION !

Feb 25, 2005

Next, through the fuel system low-point drain located on the bottom of the cabin, drain fuel into clear cup and check for water and sediment. Drainuntil wateror sedimentis gone. Checkthe pitotand staticsystems low-pointdrains forwater. Finally, enterthe cabinand turn ON theBATswitch. Retract theflaps andswitch BATOFF.

Page 86

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-22

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

Set thebrakes andturn onthe alternator andthe strobelight. At night turn on the instrument and map lights. They should be switched on to check the engine parameters on the VM 1000 display during start. Checkthe carburetorheat isOFF. It is recommended, that when starting a cold engine, prime it by pumping throttle one to threestrokes. In thisway extrafuel becomes injecteddirectly intothe cylinderfuel-air inductionsystem. Then open the throttle lever approximately 6 mm (1/4 in.). Set the MIXTURElever tothe FULLRICH position. For aircraft equipped with a primer system, it is recommended,that when starting a cold engine, prime it (max. 3 strokes) and secure the primerbutton.

Overpriming complicates the engine starting process, it may resultin adischarge offuel oreven anengine fire. A unlocked primer button can affect negatively to engine operation.

After ascertaining that the propeller area is clear of people (6 meters), engage the starter by rotating the ignition switch clockwise. As soon as the engine fires, release ignition switch, and move the throttle to attain 1000 - 1200 RPM. If the engine does not fire within 5 - 10 seconds, disengage the starter and repeat starting procedure after approx2 minutes. The oil pressure immediately after starting should at least be 25 psi. Otherwise, shutdown engine. Atnight,turn ONthe NAV light.

WARNING !

Feb 25, 2005

Page 87

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-23

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

Feb 25, 2005

(d) Starting Hot Engine (4.5d)

Set the brakes and turn on the alternator and the strobe light. At night, turn on the instrument and map lights. They should be switched on to check the engine parameters on the VM 1000 display duringstart. Check thecarburetor heatis OFF. Open the throttle lever approximately 6 mm (1/4 in.). The MIXTURE levermust bein FULLRICH position. After ascertaining that the propeller area is clear of people (6 meters), engage the starter by rotating the ignition switch clockwise. As soon as the engine fires, release ignition switch, and move the throttle to attain 1000 - 1200 RPM. If the engine does not fire within 5 - 10 seconds, disengage the starter and repeat starting procedure after approx.2 minutes. The oil pressure immediately after starting should at least be 25 psi. Otherwise, shutdown engine. Atnight turn ONthe NAVlight.

(e) Engine Start With External Power Source (4.5e)

The voltmeter indication on the VM 1000 display will show the proper connection of the external power source. If necessary the external power may be electrical disconnected from aircraft by turning “BAT” off. After the engine has started according to (b) and (c) or (b) and (d), reduce power to idle and disconnect the external power source from the aircraft by an assistant. After removing the external power source, increase the engine power to 1000 - 1200 RPM and check that the ammeter indicates an alternator output.

Page 88

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-24

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

If oil pressure is not indicated or it is too low within 30 seconds afterengine start,stop theengine anddetermine the cause.

In very cold weather it will take a few seconds longer to get anoil pressureindication.

Starter manufacturers recommend limiting cranking periods to 30 seconds with a two minutes rest between cranking periods. Longer starting attempts will shorten the lifeof thestarter.

NOTE:

CAUTION !

(f) Warm up (4.5f)

Warm-up the engine at 1000 - 1200 RPM. Engine is warm for takeoff whenthrottle canbe openedwithout enginefaltering. In the meantime, turn on required electrical equipment such as the navigation equipment, setup if necessary and check for proper functioning. Check allengine parameters, thevolt- / ammeteras well as thesuction gaugereadings. All circuitbreakers mustbe ON.

(g) Taxiing (4.5 g)

After ascertaining the area in the intended taxi direction is clear, increase theengine powerslowly. Taxi forwards afew feet, andapply the brakes to determine their effectiveness. While taxiing, make slight turns to check the function of the steering. Check once more ailerons, elevator and rudder for proper deflection, smoothness and

Feb 25, 2005

Page 89

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-25

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

Feb 25, 2005

freedom of movement in their entire operating range. Avoid holes andruts inthe taxisurface whentaxiing overuneven ground. Do not operate the engine at high RPM while running up or taxiing over gravel, loose stones, or any loose material to prevent abrasion andstone damageto thepropeller blades.

(h) Ground Check (4.5h)

Set the brake and advance the throttle to 1800 RPM. Move Ignition switch to L (magneto) Position, note RPM and switch back to BOTH. Move Ignition switch to R (magneto) position, note RPM and switch back to BOTH. RPM drop should not exceed 175 RPM on either magneto andthe differencebetween themagnetos should notexceed 50 RPM. Move the throttle control to the most rear position. Engine mustbe run at500 -700 RPMwithout extremevibrations. Open the throttle smoothly to full throttle. The engine should accelerateto maximumRPM withoutfaltering. Set 1800 RPM and switch ON carburetor heat. Its operation makes itself noticeable through a RPM drop at least of 50 RPM. Turn OFF carburetorheat. The RPM should adjust itself. Check engine parameters on VM 1000 display. The oil pressure, the oil temperature and the fuel pressure must be within the green ranges.

Since the engine is closely cowled for efficient in-flight engine cooling,do notoperate itmore than3 minutesat maximumRPM.

Prolonged engine operations below 1000 RPM may cause spark plug fouling.

CAUTION !

Page 90

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-26

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

(i) Before Takeoff (4.5i)

All circumstances for each particular takeoff, such as runway surface, meteorologicalconditions etc.,should beconsidered. With brakes set to avoid fouled spark plugs and battery discharge, perform the necessary checks with approx. 1000-1200 RPM engine speed. Ensure that the seats are fixed, and both seat belts are fastenedeven if nopassenger. Checkthat thecabin doorsare closedand latched. At night adjust instrument and map light intensity corresponding to surrounding lightconditions. Check the fuel valve is open. Turn ON the auxiliary fuel pump to prevent loss ofpower should theengine drivenfuel pump failduring takeoff. Ensurethe fuelquantity issufficient forthe plannedflight. Check the mixtureis inthe FULLRICH position,the carburetorheat is OFFand theIgnition switchis inBOTH position. Check again that all engine parameters are within the permissible limits. Set up the attitude indicator and the compass. Adjust the barometric altimeter as required. Check the navigation equipment required for plannedflight isoperational. Adjustthe trimslightly aftof neutral. Setflaps intakeoff positionand check thatthey aredown.

A minimum amount of leaning is permitted for smooth

engineoperation whentaking offat highelevation airfields.

visually

NOTE:

(j) Takeoff (4.5 j)

Normal Conditions

Normal take-offs are accomplished with flaps in 20° position. However, under difficult wind conditions such as crosswind near at the maximum demonstrated crosswinds, a takeoff with flaps up may beadvisable.

Feb 25, 2005

Page 91

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-27

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

Feb 25, 2005

Setthe trimas required. Move the throttle control fully forward and allow the aircraft to accelerateto 53KIAS. Lift thenose wheeland letthe aircraftlift-off. Accelerate the aircraft in a shallow climb to 65 KIAS and then transfer toclimb flightwith 65- 75KIAS. Slowly retract the flaps at an altitude of at least 50 ft and perform furtherclimbing with80 KIASairspeed.

Lower theflaps totakeoff position20°. Set thetrim asrequired. Hold thebrakes on. Move the throttle control fully forward and only upon reaching the fullengine power, releasethe brakes. After reaching a airspeed of 53 KIAS, lift the nose wheel and let the aircraft lift-off. Accelerate the aircraft in a shallow climb to 65 KIAS and then transfer to climbflight withthis speed. Once clear of any obstacles,slowly retract the flapsat an altitude of at least50 ftand climbat 80KIAS airspeed.

Short Runway

(k) Climb (4.5 k)

Onceestablished intothe climb(flaps-up andA/C trimmed), Turn OFFthe auxiliaryfuel pump. The best rateof climbspeed atmaximum weightis 80KIAS (MeanSea Level). The speed decreases one knot per 1000 ft to 75 kts as minimum. The best angle of climb speed is 70 KIAS (flaps retracted). For climbing en route, the best rate of climb speed plus 5 - 10 KIAS is recommended. Thevisibility overthe aircraftis thereforeincreased. During the climb, the engine parameters are to be checked,especially the cylinder head temperature. Under very high outside temperatures, climb speed can be increased to maximize engine cooling.

Cross- Wind

When performing a flap-ups take off due to heavy crosswinds, the aircraftmust beaccelerated to60 kiasprior tonose wheellift off.

Page 92

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-28

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

(l) Cruise (4.5 l)

Adjustthe elevatortrim, tomakeflying onlong routeseasier. The cruise speed and the cruise power settings depend on many factorssuch asaltitude, airtemperature, aircraftloading andso on. The normal cruising power is 55% - 75% of the rated horsepower of the engine. Airspeeds, which may be obtained at various altitudes and power settings, can bedetermined from the performance graphs providedin section5. A correct mixture setting can significantly reduce fuel consumption. Forthat: (a) Establish desired cruise power and allow engine parameters to

stabilize.

(b) Press BUTTON 1 at VM 1000 display (see Section 7)to activate the

“LeanEGT Mode”.

clockwise to start the EGT bars climbing (about one bar per 2 seconds). If the leanest EGT has been detected, the bar graph for thatEGT willbegin flashing. Stopleaning.

(d) Enrich engine mixture by rotating mixture knob counter-

clockwiseto setfinal mixtureas follows: (1) For (up to 75% power) - 150°F on rich

sidepeak EGT.

Never exceed the maximum red line cylinder head temperature limit. Always return the mixture to full rich before increasing power settings. Prolonged operation with a lean mixture, at more than 75% enginepower, canresult inengine damage. Avoidrough engineoperation

Maximum Power Cruise

CAUTION !

Feb 25, 2005

Page 93

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

(m)Descent (4.5 m)

Before descent turn ON the carburetor heat or set according to atmospheric conditions ( if CAT indicator is installed, check reading), andenrich themixture asrequired. While performing a power off descent, in order to check the power response and prevent plug fouling, periodically partially open and then close the throttle. When leveling off, set power as required and selectcarburetor heatOFF.

In order to avoid an overcooling of the engine avoid prolongeddescent athigh speedand lowpower.

With less than 12 liters (3 U.S. Gal.) per each wing tank (”Lo” at indicator) power on descents (50 - 75%) with flaps fully extended and more as 70 KIAS airspeed must be limited to maximum 10 minutesduration. Before continuing descent, perform a 3 minute level flight with flapsup (refersection 7).

NOTE:

4-29

WARNING !

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

(2) For (75% power and below) Operate at

peakEGT, orenrich toobtain enginesmoothness. For further information, refer to Lycoming Operator's manual and VM1000 Manual. While cruising, check the engine parameters on VM 1000 display frequently. Keep track of fuel status in terms of flight time and fuel burn perhour aswell asby indicationsof fuellevel indicators.

Best Economy Cruise

Feb 25, 2005

Page 94

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

(n) Before Landing (4.5n)

Checkthat seatbelts arefastened securely. The mixture control should be kept FULL RICH to ensure maximum accelerationif itshould benecessary. Turn ON the auxiliary fuel pump, the carburetor heat, and the landinglight. Extend theflaps asrequired. On final approach,landing flapsshould be selected according to the runway surface, wind conditions and aircraftloading. Adjust trim. Verify theparking brakecontrolknob ispushed in.

If landing is made with the parking brake set, the brakes will maintainany pressureapplied aftertouchdown.

Thefinal approachspeed withflaps extendedto 40°is 65KIAS.

It is recommended that all necessary landing checks and actions in the cabin are completed before turning into the final approach. In this way, the pilot's attention can be dedicatedto controllingthe aircraft

Themaximum speedwith flapsin extendedposition is90 KIAS.

NOTE!

4-30

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

CAUTION !

Feb 25, 2005

Page 95

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-31

SECTION 4

NORMAL PROCEDURES

Feb 25, 2005

(o)Landing (4.5o)

Normal Conditions

Balked Landing

The amount of flap used during approach and landing should be varied accordingto therunway surface, wind conditionsand aircraft loading. It is recommended generally to perform the touch down at theminimum possiblesafe speedconsistent withexisting conditions. Under normal conditions, that will be with full extended flaps and approach speed of 65 KIAS. When landing in a strong wind, particular in crosswind,it can be required to select a higher approach speedand extendthe flapsonly partiallyor notat all. When landing, flare the aircraft, so that it flares out at approx. 0.5 m overand parallelto therunway surface. While decreasing speed, increase angle of attack by easing the stick back, so that the aircraft contacts with the lowest possiblespeed main wheelsfirst atthe lowestpossible speed. After touch down, hold the nose wheel off the ground as long as possible,and asthe aircraftslows down,gently lowerthe nose. Applybrakes asrequired.

After making the decision for a balked landing; move the throttle full forward swiftly but not abruptly and turn OFF the carburetor heat to ensurethe maximumengine power. Aneasy torqueeffect ofthe aircraftaround thelongitudinal axisto the Whilst accelerating, transfer aircraft to level flight and then to climbingflight. Stabilize at a speed of 65 KIAS. Retract flaps slowly upon reaching a safealtitude.

Page 96

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

4-32

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

(p) After Landing (4.5p)

Retractflaps. Turn OFFthe carburetorheat andthe auxiliaryfuel pump. Turn OFFpitot tubeheat, ifit wasin operation. Turn OFFthe landinglight.

Unnecessary further electrical equipment may be turned OFF to reducethe dischargeof thebattery.

NOTE:

(q) Engine Shut Down (4.5q)

Checkthe flapsare completelyretracted. Turn OFFall avionics. Adjust the throttle to 1000 - 1200 RPM and pull the mixture control backto IDLECUT-OFF. ,Turn OFFthe ignitionswitch. Turn offthe strobelight andat nightthe navigationlights. Turn off the instrument and map lights, cabin lighting turn on the dome light. If the dome light is needed, leave the BAT switch on.

(r) After Engine Shut Down(4.5 r)

In the cabin, check all electrical equipment is turned OFF. Ignition switchand ALT/ BAT switchmust beswitched OFF. Thethrottle must be closedand themixture inthe positionIDLE CUT-OFF. The installation of control locks protects against damage in strong wind and preserves the flying control hinges. Chocking the main wheels and the installation of tie downs prevents inadvertent run awayor turnover ofthe aircraftin highwind conditions.

Feb 25, 2005

Page 97

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 5

PERFORMANCE

5-1

Page

5.1 General..................................................................................................5-2

5.3 Introduction to the Performance Parameters and

Flight Planning ....................................................................................5-2

5.5 Flight Planning Example....................................................................5-3

(a) Takeoff..............................................................................................5-4

(b) Cruise...............................................................................................5-4

(d) Landing ...........................................................................................5-6

5.7 Use of Performance Charts ................................................................5-8

(a) Approximation Method................................................................5-9

(b) Interpolation Method....................................................................5-9

5.9 Performance Charts...........................................................................5-10

Fig.

5-1 Air Speed Calibration ............................................................5-10

5-2 Altimeter Correction..............................................................5-12

5-3 Temperature Conversion ......................................................5-14

5-4 Liters / Gallons Conversion ..................................................5-15

5-5 Stall Speeds .............................................................................5-16

5-6 Takeoff Distance (for short fields)........................................5-17

5-7 Rate of Climb ..........................................................................5-18

5-8 Time, Fuel and Distance to Climb .......................................5-19

5-9 Cruise Performance ...............................................................5-20

5-10 Best Range Profile ..................................................................5-22

5-11 Endurance Profile ..................................................................5-23

5-12 Landing Distance (for short fields) .....................................5-24

SECTION 5

PERFORMANCE

Feb 25, 2005

Page 98

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

5-2

5.1 GENERAL

This SECTION contains all the prescribed performance data as well as supplementary informationfor thisaircraft. Performance data for optional equipment that requires handbook supplementsis providedin Section9, “SUPPLEMENTS”.

5.3 PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS AND FLIGHT PLANNING - INTRODUCTION

SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE

The performance informationon thefollowing pagesshows whatis tobe expected of the aircraft under various conditions. They are also a means forsufficient andcorrect flightplanning. The data has been computed from extensive flight tests with the aircraft and engine in good condition and is approximated to average piloting techniques. Effects of ambient conditions (such as a soft or grass runway surfaces fortakeoff and landing, or winds aloft on cruise and range performance) are not considered on the charts, and tables must be interpolated by the pilot. Performance information presented in the range and endurance profile charts allowfor 45minutes ofreserve fuelat thespecified power settings. Fuel consumption is based on flight with appropriate leaning techinque forthe mixtureat differentaltitudes. The recommended procedures for leaning mixture are explained in Section4, 4.7“AMPLIFIEDNORMAL PROCEDURES“of thishandbook. Due to the various influences on fuel consumption during flight, (use all available information) check fuel flow and quantity frequently while in flight. To obtain the performance indicated in the charts, follow the chart procedures. This section contains aflight planning example. This exampleshows the order as well as the manner in which to perform flight planning with reasonableaccuracy byusing theperformance chartsand tables. Inaddition, eachchart includesit ownexample.

Feb 25, 2005

Page 99

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

5-3

5.5 FLIGHT PLANNING EXAMPLE

SECTION 5

PERFORMANCE

The following example uses information from the performance charts to plan a flight.

Example

The following information is used:

TakeoffWeight 975 kg (2150lbs) UsableFuel 110 l(29.1 U.S.Gal.)

Airfield PressureAltitude 930 ft AirTemperature 13°C WindComponent 14 ktsHeadwind RunwayLength 800 m(2625 ft)

TotalDistance 280 NM Cruise PressureAltitude 6000 ft Cruise OAT 3°C Wind 20 kts Headwind

Airfield PressureAltitude 2000 ft AirTemperature 11°C RunwayLength 1200 m (3937ft)

Aircraft Configuration

Takeoff Conditions

Cruise Conditions

Landing Conditions

Feb 25, 2005

Page 100

SA 160

AIRCRAFTA I R C R A F T

Symphony

5-4

SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE

(a) Takeoff

(b) Cruise

Forthis the chart: fig.5-6 "Takeoff Distance(for short fields)"is to beused. The values shown are based on the normal procedure "Takeoff - Short Field“(see Section4, “NORMALPROCEDURES“). By means of the appropriate column with the air temperature and the linewith corresponding altitude,the takeoffdistanceis found. Conservative values can be safely established by reading the chart at the next higher value of altitude or temperature. This results in the following:

GroundRoll 370 m (1214ft) Totaldistance toclear a50-ft obstacle 475 m (1558ft)

Therunway lengthof 2000ft.is thereforesufficient. The Chartfigure thenshows theexistingwind conditions.The correction fora 14kts headwindbecomes;

14 kts/ 9 kts x 10% =15.6% decrease

Thisresults inthe followingtakeoff distances,corrected forthe wind:

GroundRoll 312 m (1024ft) Totaldistance toclear a50-ft obstacle 329 m (1316ft)

The cruising altitude and the winds enroute are determined from route restrictions and meteorological conditions. The optimal power setting selection for cruise must be determined based on several factors. This includesthe closerconsideration ofthe cruise performance data (Fig. 5-9), range profiles (Fig. 5-10), and endurance profile charts (Fig. 5-

Feb 25, 2005