Please read this manual and follow its instructions carefully. To emphasize special information, the words
!
WARNING
lighted by these signal words.
!
WARNING
Indicates a potential hazard that could result in death or injury.
!
CAUTION
Indicates a potential hazard that could result in vehicle damage.
NOTE:
Indicates special information to make maintenance easier or instructions clearer.
!
WARNING
This service manual is intended for authorized Suzuki dealers and qualified service technicians only.
Inexperienced technicians or technicians without the proper tools and equipment may not be able to
properly perform the services described in this manual.
Improper repair may result in injury to the technician and may render the vehicle unsafe for the driver
and passengers.
!
, and NOTE have special meanings. Pay special attention to the messages high-
CAUTION
!
WARNING
For vehicles equipped with a Supplemental Restraint (Air Bag) System:
• Service on and around the air bag system components or wiring must be performed only by an
authorized SUZUKI dealer. Refer to “Air Bag System Components and Wiring Location View” under
“General Description” in air bag system section in order to confirm whether you are performing service on or near the air bag system components or wiring. Please observe all WARNINGS and “Service Precautions” under “On-Vehicle Service” in air bag system section before performing service
on or around the air bag system components or wiring. Failure to follow WARNINGS could result in
unintentional activation of the system or could render the system inoperative. Either of these two
conditions may result in severe injury.
• If the air bag system and another vehicle system both need repair, Suzuki recommends that the air
bag system be repaired first, to help avoid unintended air bag system activation.
• Do not modify the steering wheel, instrument panel or any other air bag system component on or
around air bag system components or wiring. Modifications can adversely affect air bag system
performance and lead to injury.
• If the vehicle will be exposed to temperatures over 93 °C (200 °F), for example, during a paint baking
process, remove the air bag system components, that is air bag (inflator) modules, SDM and/or seat
belt with pretensioner, beforehand to avoid component damage or unintended activation.
Page 3
FOREWORD
This manual contains procedures for diagnosis, maintenance, adjustments, minor service operations,
replacement of components (Service) and for disassembly and assembly of major components (Unit RepairOverhaul).
Applicable model: 2007 XL7 (JC636)
The contents are classified into sections each of which is given a section number as indicated in the Table of
Contents on following page. And on the first page of each individual section is an index of that section.
This manual should be kept in a handy place for ready reference of the service work.
Strict observance of the so specified items will enable one to obtain the full performance of the vehicle.
When replacing parts or servicing by disassembling, it is recommended to use SUZUKI genuine parts, tools and
service materials as specified in each description.
All information, illustrations and specifications contained in this literature are based on the latest product
information available at the time of publication approval. And used as the main subject of description is the
vehicle of standard specifications among others.
Therefore, note that illustrations may differ from the vehicle being actually serviced.
The right is reserved to make changes at any time without notice.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any
purpose, without the express written permission of Suzuki Motor Corporation.
Test Probe Notice .............................................. 00–4
Page 8
00-1 Precautions:
Precautions
Precautions
Definition of Caution, Notice, and Important
The diagnosis and repair procedures in the Service
Manual contain both general and specific Cautions,
Notices, and Importants. SUZUKI is dedicated to the
presentation of service information that helps the
technician to diagnose and repair the systems
necessary for the proper operation of the vehicle,
however, certain procedures may present a hazard to
the technician if they are not followed in the
recommended manner. Cautions, Notices, and
Importants are elements designed to prevent these
hazards, however, not all hazards can be foreseen. This
information is placed at strategic locations within the
service manual. This information is designed to prevent
the following from occurring:
• Serious bodily injury to the technician
• Damage to the vehicle
• Unnecessary vehicle repairs
• Unnecessary component replacement
• Improper repair or replacement of vehicle
components. Any caution or notice that appears in
general information is referenced from the individual
service categories.
• Improper operation or performance of any systems or
components which are dependent upon the proper
operation or performance of the system or component
under repair
• Damage to fasteners, basic tools, or special tools
• The leakage of coolant, lubricant, or other vital fluids
IMPORTANT Defined
IMPORTANT statements emphasize a necessary
characteristic of a diagnostic or repair procedure.
IMPORTANT statements are designed to do the
following:
• Clarify a procedure
• Present additional information for accomplishing a
procedure
• Give insight into the reason or reasons for performing
a procedure in the manner recommended
• Present information that will help to accomplish a
procedure in a more effective manner
• Present information that gives the technician the
benefit of past experience in accomplishing a
procedure with greater ease
CAUTION Defined
When encountering a CAUTION, you will be asked to
take a necessary action or not to take a prohibited
action. If a CAUTION is not heeded, the following
consequences may occur:
• Serious bodily injury to the technician
• Serious bodily injury to other technicians in the
workplace area
• Serious bodily injury to the driver and/or passenger(s)
of the vehicle, if the vehicle has been improperly
repaired
NOTICE Defined
Notices call special attention to a necessary action or to
a prohibited action. If a NOTICE is not heeded, the
following consequences may occur:
• Damage to the vehicle
• Unnecessary vehicle repairs
• Unnecessary component replacement
• Improper operation or performance of the system or
component under repair
• Damage to any systems or components which are
dependent upon the proper operation of the system or
component under repair
Approved Equipment for Collision Repair
Caution
!
WARNING
To avoid personal injury when exposed to
welding flashes or to galvanized (Zinc Oxide)
metal toxic fumes while grinding/cutting on
any type of metal or sheet molded
compound, you must work in a properly
ventilated area, wearing an approved
respirator, eye protection, earplugs, welding
gloves, and protective clothing.
Assistant Driving Caution
!
WARNING
An assistant should drive the vehicle while
the technician checks for the location of the
reported condition. Otherwise, personal
injury could result.
Cleaning Solvent Caution
!
WARNING
Bodily injury may occur if the cleaning
solvent is inhaled or exposed to the skin.
Page 9
Precautions: 00-2
Eye Protection Caution
!
WARNING
Approved safety glasses and gloves should
be worn when performing this procedure to
reduce the chance of personal injury.
Foam Sound Deadeners Caution
!
WARNING
Foam sound deadeners must be removed
from areas within 152.4 mm (6 in) of where
flame is to be used for body repairs. When
reinstalling foam sound deadeners, avoid
inhaling fumes as bodily injury may result.
Gasoline/Gasoline Vapors Caution
!
WARNING
Gasoline or gasoline vapors are highly
flammable. A fire could occur if an ignition
source is present. Never drain or store
gasoline or diesel fuel in an open container,
due to the possibility of fire or explosion.
Have a dry chemical (Class B) fire
extinguisher nearby.
Glass and Sheet Metal Handling Caution
!
WARNING
When working with any type of glass or sheet
metal with exposed or rough edges, wear
approved safety glasses and gloves in order
to reduce the chance of personal injury.
Moving Parts and Hot Surfaces Caution
!
WARNING
Avoid contact with moving parts and hot
surfaces while working around a running
engine in order to prevent physical injury.
Protective Goggles and Glove Caution
!
WARNING
Always wear protective goggles and gloves
when removing exhaust parts as falling rust
and sharp edges from worn exhaust
components could result in serious personal
injury.
Road Test Caution
!
WARNING
Road test a vehicle under safe conditions
and while obeying all traffic laws. Do not
attempt any maneuvers that could jeopardize
vehicle control. Failure to adhere to these
precautions could lead to serious personal
injury and vehicle damage.
Work Stall Test Caution
!
WARNING
One or more of the following guidelines may
apply when performing specific required
tests in the work stall:
• When a test requires spinning the drive
wheels with the vehicle jacked up, adhere
to the following precautions:
– Do not exceed 56 km/h (35 mph) when
spinning one drive wheel with the other
drive wheel stopped. This limit is
necessary because the speedometer
indicates only one-half the actual
vehicle speed under these conditions.
Personal injury may result from
excessive wheel spinning.
– If all of the drive wheels are spinning at
the same speed, do not exceed 112 km/h
(70 mph). Personal injury may result
from excessive wheel spinning.
– All persons should stay clear of the
rotating components and the balance
weight areas in order to avoid possible
personal injury.
– When running an engine in the repair
stall for an extended period of time, use
care not to overheat the engine and the
transmission.
• When a test requires jacking up the vehicle
and running with the wheels and brake
rotors removed, adhere to the following
precautions:
– Support the suspension at normal ride
height.
– Do not apply the brake with the brake
rotors removed.
– Do not place the transmission in PARK
with the drive axles spinning.
– Turn Off the ignition in order to stop the
powertrain components from spinning.
• When running an engine in the work stall,
use the exhaust removal system to prevent
breathing dangerous gases.
Page 10
00-3 Precautions:
Belt Dressing Notice
!
CAUTION
Do not use belt dressing on the drive belt.
Belt dressing causes the breakdown of the
composition of the drive belt. Failure to
follow this recommendation will damage the
drive belt.
Brake Fluid Effects on Paint and Electrical
Components Notice
!
CAUTION
Avoid spilling brake fluid onto painted
surfaces, electrical connections, wiring, or
cables. Brake fluid will damage painted
surfaces and cause corrosion to electrical
components. If any brake fluid comes in
contact with painted surfaces, immediately
flush the area with water. If any brake fluid
comes in contact with electrical connections,
wiring, or cables, use a clean shop cloth to
wipe away the fluid.
Clean, Dry, Low Pressure Gas Source
Notice
!
CAUTION
Use the EVAP Pressure/Purge Diagnostic
Station J 41413 in order to provide a clean,
dry, low pressure gas source. Do not
substitute any other pressurized gas source.
Damage may result to the EVAP system.
Clearcoat/Ultraviolet Screeners Notice
!
CAUTION
Removing more than 0.5 mils of the clearcoat
can result in early paint failure. The clearcoat
contains ultraviolet screeners. Do not finesse
sand more than what is required to remove
the defect.
Component Fastener Tightening Notice
!
CAUTION
Replacement components must be the
correct part number for the application.
Components requiring the use of the thread
locking compound, lubricants, corrosion
inhibitors, or sealants are identified in the
service procedure. Some replacement
components may come with these coatings
already applied. Do not use these coatings
on components unless specified. These
coatings can affect the final torque, which
may affect the operation of the component.
Use the correct torque specification when
installing components in order to avoid
damage.
Fastener Notice
!
CAUTION
Use the correct fastener in the correct
location. Replacement fasteners must be the
correct part number for that application.
Fasteners requiring replacement or fasteners
requiring the use of thread locking
compound or sealant are identified in the
service procedure. Do not use paints,
lubricants, or corrosion inhibitors on
fasteners or fastener joint surfaces unless
specified. These coatings affect fastener
torque and joint clamping force and may
damage the fastener. Use the correct
tightening sequence and specifications when
installing fasteners in order to avoid damage
to parts and systems.
Machined Surface Damage Notice
!
CAUTION
Do not nick, scratch or damage the sealing
surface. The sealing surface is a machined
surface. Damage to the machined surface
can cause leakage.
Page 11
Precautions: 00-4
OBDII Symbol Description Notice
!
CAUTION
The OBD II symbol is used on the circuit
diagrams in order to alert the technician that
the circuit is essential for proper OBD II
emission control circuit operation. Any
circuit which fails and causes the
malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) to turn ON,
or causes emissions-related component
damage, is identified as an OBD II circuit.
Pipe Wrench Positioning Notice
!
CAUTION
The pipe wrench must be placed at the valve
end of the steering gear and positioned up
against the inner tie rod housing. Placing the
pipe wrench in any other location will cause
damage to the steering gear.
Test Probe Notice
!
CAUTION
Do not insert test equipment probes (DVOM
etc.) into any connector or fuse block
terminal. The diameter of the test probes will
deform most terminals. A deformed terminal
will cause a poor connection, which will
result in a system failure. Always use the J35616 GM-Approved Terminal Test Kit in
order to front probe terminals. Do not use
paper clips or other substitutes to probe
terminals.
When using the J-35616 GM-Approved
Terminal Test Kit, ensure the terminal test
adapter choice is the correct size for the
connector terminal. Do not visually choose
the terminal test adapter because some
connector terminal cavities may appear
larger than the actual terminal in the cavity.
Using a larger terminal test adapter will
damage the terminal. Refer to the J-35616
GM-Approved Terminal Test Kit label on the
inside of the J-35616 GM-Approved Terminal
Test Kit for the correct adapter along with the
connector end view for terminal size.
Page 12
00-5 Precautions:
Page 13
Section 0
General Information
CONTENTS
Table of Contents 0- i
0
General Information ............................... 0A–1
General Description ............................................ 0A–1
Abbreviations and Meanings.............................. 0A–1
Registered and Non-Registered Trademarks .... 0A–6
Arrows and Symbols .......................................... 0A–7
RPO Code List ................................................... 0A–7
US English/Metric Conversion ........................... 0A–8
Decimal and Metric Equivalents......................... 0A–9
*GM PRO code “LY7” described throughout
in this manual means the engine type name
for the engine with “N36A” indication on the
cylinder block and installed in XL7.
US English/Metric Conversion
English
In order to calculate English measurement, divide by
the number in the center column.
In order to calculate metric measurement, multiply by
the number in the center column.
This vehicle provides fastener dimensions using the metric system. Most metric fasteners are approximate in diameter
to equivalent English fasteners. Make replacements using fasteners of the same nominal diameter, thread pitch, and
strength.
A number marking identifies the OE metric fasteners except cross-recess head screws. The number also indicates the
strength of the fastener material. A Posidrive® or Type 1A cross-recess identifies a metric cross-recess screw. For
best results, use a Type 1A cross-recess screwdriver, or equivalent, in Posidrive® recess head screws.
North American Industries have adopted a portion of the ISO-defined standard metric fastener sizes. The purpose was
to reduce the number of fastener sizes used while retaining the best thread qualities in each thread size. For example,
the metric M6.0 X 1 screw, with nearly the same diameter and 25.4 threads per inch replaced the English 1/4-20 and
1/4-28 screws. The thread pitch is midway between the English coarse and fine thread pitches.
Fastener Strength Identification
1. English Bolt, Grade 2 (Strength Class)4. English Bolt, Grade 8 (Strength Class)
2. English Bolt, Grade 5 (Strength Class)5. Metric Nut, Strength Class 9
3. English Bolt, Grade 7 (Strength Class)6. Metric Bolts, Strength Class Increases as Numbers Increase
The most commonly used metric fastener strength property classes are 9.8 and 10.9. The class identification is
embossed on the head of each bolt. The English, inch strength classes range from grade 2 to grade 8. Radial lines are
embossed on the head of each bolt in order to identify the strength class. The number of lines on the head of the bolt
is 2 lines less than the actual grade. For example, a grade 8 bolt will have 6 radial lines on the bolt head. Some metric
nuts are marked with a single digit strength identification number on the nut face.
Many metric fasteners available in the aftermarket parts channels are designed to metric standards of countries other
than the United States, and may exhibit the following:
• Lower strength
• No numbered head marking system
• Wrong thread pitch
Page 24
0A-11 General Information:
The metric fasteners on this vehicle is designed to new, international standards. The following are the common sizes
and pitches, except for special applications:
• M6.0 X 1
• M8 X 1.25
• M10 X 1.5
• M12 X 1.75
• M14 X 2.00
• M16 X 2.00
Prevailing Torque Fasteners
Prevailing torque fasteners create a thread interface between the fastener and the fastener counterpart in order to
prevent the fastener from loosening.
All Metal Prevailing Torque Fasteners
These fasteners accomplish the thread interface by a designed distortion or deformation in the fastener.
Nylon Interface Prevailing Torque Fasteners
These fasteners accomplish the thread interface by the presence of a nylon material on the fastener threads.
Adhesive Coated Fasteners
These fasteners accomplish the thread interface by the presence of a thread-locking compound on the fastener
threads. Refer to the appropriate repair procedure in order to determine if the fastener may be reused and the
applicable thread-locking compound to apply to the fastener.
1. Prevailing Torque Nut, Center Lock Type
2. Prevailing Torque Nut, Top Lock Type
3. Prevailing Torque Nut, Nylon Patch Type
4. Prevailing Torque Nut, Nylon Washer Insert Type
5. Prevailing Torque Nut, Nylon Insert Type
6. Prevailing Torque Bolt, Dry Adhesive Coating Type
7. Prevailing Torque Bolt, Thread Profile Deformed Type
8. Prevailing Torque Bolt, Nylon Strip Type
9. Prevailing Torque Bolt, Out-of-Round Thread Area Type
A prevailing torque fastener may be reused ONLY if:
• The fastener and the fastener counterpart are clean and not damaged
• There is no rust on the fastener
• The fastener develops the specified minimum torque against its counterpart prior to the fastener seating
Page 25
General Information: 0A-12
Metric Prevailing Torque Fastener Minimum Torque Development
Application
All Metal Prevailing Torque Fasteners
6 mm0.4 N⋅m4 lb in
8 mm0.8 N⋅m7 lb in
10 mm1.4 N⋅m12 lb in
12 mm2.1 N⋅m19 lb in
14 mm3 N⋅m27 lb in
16 mm4.2 N⋅m37 lb in
20 mm7 N⋅m62 lb in
24 mm10.5 N⋅m93 lb in
Nylon Interface Prevailing Torque Fasteners
6 mm0.3 N⋅m3 lb in
8 mm0.6 N⋅m5 lb in
10 mm1.1 N⋅m10 lb in
12 mm1.5 N⋅m13 lb in
14 mm2.3 N⋅m20 lb in
16 mm3.4 N⋅m30 lb in
20 mm5.5 N⋅m49 lb in
24 mm8.5 N⋅m75 lb in
MetricEnglish
Specification
English Prevailing Torque Fastener Minimum Torque Development
Application
All Metal Prevailing Torque Fasteners
1/4 in0.5 N⋅m4.5 lb in
5/16 in0.8 N⋅m7.5 lb in
3/8 in1.3 N⋅m11.5 lb in
7/16 in1.8 N⋅m16 lb in
1/2 in2.3 N⋅m20 lb in
9/16 in3.2 N⋅m28 lb in
5/8 in4 N⋅m36 lb in
3/4 in7 N⋅m54 lb in
Nylon Interface Prevailing Torque Fasteners
1/4 in0.3 N⋅m3 lb in
5/16 in0.6 N⋅m5 lb in
3/8 in1 N⋅m9 lb in
7/16 in1.3 N⋅m12 lb in
1/2 in1.8 N⋅m16 lb in
9/16 in2.5 N
5/8 in3.4 N⋅m30 lb in
3/4 in5 N⋅m45 lb in
MetricEnglish
Specification
⋅m22 lb in
Page 26
0A-13 General Information:
Thread Inserts
General purpose thread repair kits. These kits are
available commercially.
Repair Procedure
!
WARNING
Refer to Safety Glasses Caution.
NOTE
Refer to the thread repair kit manufacturer's
instructions regarding the size of the drill and
tap to use.
Avoid any buildup of chips. Back out the tap
every few turns and remove the chips.
4. Thread the thread insert onto the mandrel of the
installer. Engage the tang of the insert onto the end
of the mandrel.
NOTE
The insert should be flush to one turn below
the surface.
5. Lubricate the insert with light engine oil, except when
installing in aluminum and install the insert.
6. If the tang of the insert does not break off when
backing out the installer, break the tang off with a
drift.
1. Determine the size, the pitch, and the depth of the
damaged thread. If necessary, adjust the stop collars
on the cutting tool and tap to the required depth.
2. Drill out the damaged threads. Clean out any chips.
3. Lubricate the tap with light engine oil. Tap the hole.
Clean the threads.
Page 27
Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle
General Information: 0A-14
!
WARNING
To avoid any vehicle damage, serious personal injury or death when major components are removed
from the vehicle and the vehicle is supported by a hoist, support the vehicle with jack stands at the
opposite end from which the components are being removed and strap the vehicle to the hoist.
!
WARNING
To avoid any vehicle damage, serious personal injury or death, always use the jackstands to support
the vehicle when lifting the vehicle with a jack.
!
CAUTION
Perform the following steps before beginning any vehicle lifting or jacking procedure:
• Remove or secure all of the vehicle's contents in order to avoid any shifting or any movement that
may occur during the vehicle lifting or jacking procedure.
• The lifting equipment or the jacking equipment weight rating must meet or exceed the weight of the
vehicle and any vehicle contents.
• The lifting equipment or the jacking equipment must meet the operational standards of the lifting
equipment or jacking equipment's manufacturer.
• Perform the vehicle lifting or jacking procedure on a clean, hard, dry, level surface.
• Perform the vehicle lifting or jacking procedure only at the identified lift points. DO NOT allow the
lifting equipment or jacking equipment to contact any other vehicle components.
Failure to perform the previous steps could result in damage to the lifting equipment or the jacking
equipment, the vehicle, and/or the vehicle's contents.
Page 28
0A-15 General Information:
Vehicle Lifting-Frame Contact Lift
Front Lift Pads
When lifting the vehicle with a frame-contact lift, place the front lift pads approximately 12.2 in (310 mm) inboard from
the front pinchweld flanges.
Rear Lift Pads
When lifting the vehicle with a frame-contact lift, place the rear lift pads 10.0 in (255 mm) inboard from the rear
pinchweld flanges.
Vehicle Jacking
Under the Center of the Rear Suspension
Lift the rear of the vehicle by placing the floor jack lift pad at the center of the rear suspension.
Supporting the Vehicle with Jackstands
NOTE
Place jackstands ONLY under strong and stable vehicle structures.
Vehicle, Engine and Transmission, Transfer Case, Axle ID, and VIN Location, Derivative and
Usage
PositionDefinitionCharacterDescription
Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) System
The VIN plate (1) is the legal identifier of the vehicle. The VIN plate is located on the upper left corner of the
instrument panel and can be seen through the windshield from the outside of the vehicle.
1, 2, 3Manufacturer2 S 3SUZUKI (Canada CAMI production)
All engines and transmissions are stamped with a partial VIN. This table identifies the different VIN derivative
characters and their respective positions.
4--9Plant Sequence Number—Plant Sequence Number
A VIN derivative can be used to determine if a vehicle contains the original engine or transmission by matching the
VIN derivative positions to their accompanying positions in the complete VIN.
AF33-5 M09-M45 Transaxle ID and VIN Derivative Locations
Refer to “Transmission Identification Information”.
3.6L LY7 Engine ID and VIN Derivative Locations
Refer to “Engine Identification: ”.
Vehicle Certification, Tire Placard, Anti-Theft, and Service Parts ID Label
Page 30
0A-17 General Information:
CalloutDescription
Vehicle Certification Label
The vehicle certification label is located on the driver door and displays the following assessments:
• Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR)
• Gross axle weight rating (GAWR), front and rear
• The gross vehicle weight (GVW) is the weight of the vehicle and everything it carries. The GVW must not exceed
the GVWR. Include the following items when figuring the GVW:
– The base vehicle weight (factory weight)
– The weight of all vehicle accessories
– The weight of the driver and the passengers
– The weight of the cargo
1Name of Manufacturer
2Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
3Gross Axle Weight Rating (Front, Rear)
4Canadian Safety Mark (w/RPO Z49)
5Certification Statement
6Vehicle Class Type (Pass Car, etc.)
7Vehicle Identification Number
8Date of Manufacture (Mo/Yr)
Tire Placard
The tire placard label is located on the center pillar and displays the following assessments:
The vehicle service parts identification label is located in the instrument panel (I/P) compartment. The label is use to
help identify the vehicle original parts and options.
13Model Designation
14Order Number
15Exterior Color
16Paint Technology
17Vehicle Identification Number
18Wheel Base
19Part Number Location
Anti-Theft Label
The Federal law requires that manufacturer label certain body parts on this vehicle with the VIN. The
purpose of the law is to reduce the number of motor vehicle thefts by helping in the tracing and
recovery of parts from stolen vehicles.
Labels are permanently affixed to an interior surface of the part. The label on the replacement part
20
contains the letter R, the manufacturer's logo, and the DOT symbol.
The anti-theft label must be covered before any painting, and rustproof procedures, and uncovered
after the procedures. Failure to follow the precautionary steps may result in liability for violation of the
Federal Vehicle Theft Prevention Standard and possible suspicion to the owner that the part was
stolen.
Page 31
Vibration Theory and Terminology
Vibration Theory
The designs and engineering requirements of vehicles
have undergone drastic changes over the last several
years.
Vehicles are stiffer and provide more isolation from road
input than they did previously. The structures of today's
stiffer vehicles are less susceptible to many of the
vibrations which could be present in vehicles of earlier
designs, however, vibrations can still be detected in a
more modern vehicle if a transfer path is created
between a rotating component and the body of the
vehicle.
There are not as many points of isolation from the road
in many vehicles today. If a component produces a
strong enough vibration, it may overcome the existing
isolation and the component needs to be repaired or
replaced.
The presence/absence of unwanted noise and vibration
is linked to the customer's perception of the overall
quality of the vehicle.
Vibration is the repetitive motion of an object, back and
forth, or up and down. The following components cause
most vehicle vibrations:
• A rotating component
• The engine combustion process firing impulses
Rotating components will cause vibrations when
excessive imbalance or runout is present. During
vibration diagnosis, the amount of allowable imbalance
or runout should be considered a TOLERANCE and not
a SPECIFICATION. In other words, the less imbalance
or runout the better.
Rotating components will cause a vibration concern
when they not properly isolated from the passenger
compartment: Engine firing pulses can be detected as a
vibration if a motor mount is collapsed.
A vibrating component operates at a consistent rate (km/
h, mph, or RPM). Measure the rate of vibration in
question. When the rate/speed is determined, relate the
vibration to a component that operates at an equal rate/
speed in order to pinpoint the source. Vibrations also
tend to transmit through the body structure to other
components. Therefore, just because the seat vibrates
does not mean the source of vibration is in the seat.
Vibrations consist of the following three elements:
• The source - the cause of the vibration
• The transfer path - the path the vibration travels
through the vehicle
• The responder - the component where the vibration is
felt
General Information: 0A-18
In the preceding picture, the source is the unbalanced
tire. The transfer path is the route the vibrations travels
through the vehicle's suspension system into the
steering column. The responder is the steering wheel,
which the customer reports as vibrating. Eliminating any
one of these three elements will usually correct the
condition. Decide, from the gathered information, which
element makes the most sense to repair. Adding a brace
to the steering column may keep the steering wheel from
vibrating, but adding a brace is not a practical solution.
The most direct and effective repair would be to properly
balance the tire.
Vibration can also produce noise. As an example,
consider a vehicle that has an exhaust pipe grounded to
the frame. The source of the vibration is the engine firing
impulses traveling through the exhaust. The transfer
path is a grounded or bound-up exhaust hanger. The
responder is the frame. The floor panel vibrates, acting
as a large speaker, which produces noise. The best
repair would be to eliminate the transfer path. Aligning
the exhaust system and correcting the grounded
condition at the frame would eliminate the transfer path.
Page 32
0A-19 General Information:
Basic Vibration Terminology
The following are the 2 primary components of vibration
diagnosis:
• The physical properties of objects
• The object's properties of conducting mechanical
energy
The repetitive up and down or back and forth movement
of a component cause most customer vibration
complaints. The following are the common components
that vibrate:
• The steering wheel
• The seat cushion
•The frame
•The IP
Vibration diagnosis involves the following simple outline:
1. Measure the repetitive motion and assign a value to
the measurement in cycles per second or cycles per
minute.
2. Relate the frequency back on terms of the rotational
speed of a component that is operating at the same
rate or speed.
3. Inspect and test the components for conditions that
cause vibration.
For example, performing the following steps will help
demonstrate the vibration theory:
The motion of the stick occurs in repetitive cycles. The
cycle begins at midpoint, continues through the lowest
extreme of travel, then back past the midpoint, through
the upper extreme of travel, and back to the midpoint
where the cycle begins again.
The cycle occurs over and over again at the same rate,
or frequency. In this case, about 10 cycles in one
second. If we measure the frequency to reflect the
number of complete cycles that the yardstick made in
one minute, the measure would be 10 cycles x 60
seconds = 600 cycles per minute (cpm).
We have also found a specific amount of motion, or
amplitude, in the total travel of the yardstick from the
very top to the very bottom. Redo the experiment as
follows:
1. Reclamp the yardstick to the edge of a table, leaving
about 25 cm (10 in) hanging over the edge of the
table.
2. Pull down on the edge of the stick and release while
observing the movement of the stick.
The stick vibrates at a much faster frequency: 30 cycles
per second (1,800 cycles per minute).
1. Clamp a yardstick to the edge of a table, leaving
about 50 cm (20 in) hanging over the edge of the
table.
2. Pull down on the edge of the stick and release while
observing the movement of the stick.
Page 33
Cycle
1. 1st Cycle3. 3rd Cycle
2. 2nd Cycle4. Time
General Information: 0A-20
Vibration Cycles in Powertrain Components
1. Spindle
2. Pinion Nose
The word cycle comes from the same root as the word circle. A circle begins and ends at the same point, as thus, so
does a cycle. All vibrations consist of repetitive cycles.
Page 34
0A-21 General Information:
Frequency
1. Amplitude3. Time in Seconds
2. Reference4. 1 Second
Frequency is defined as the rate at which an event occurs during a given period of time. With a vibration, the event is
a cycle, and the period of time is 1 second. Thus, frequency is expressed in cycles per second.
The proper term for cycles per seconds is Hertz (Hz). This is the most common way to measure frequency. Multiply the
Hertz by 60 to get the cycles or revolutions per minute (RPM).
Amplitude
4. Peak-to-Peak Amplitude
Amplitude is the maximum value of a periodically varying
quantity. Used in vibration diagnostics, we are referring it
to the magnitude of the disturbance. A severe
disturbance would have a high amplitude; a minor
disturbance would have a low amplitude.
Amplitude is measured by the amount of actual
movement, or the displacement. For example, consider
the vibration caused by an out-of-balance wheel at 80
km/h (50 mph) as opposed to 40 km/h (25 mph). As the
speed increases, the amplitude increases.
Free Vibration
Free vibration is the continued vibration in the absence
of any outside force. In the yardstick example, the
yardstick continued to vibrate even after the end was
released.
1. Maximum
2. Minimum
3. Zero-to-Peak Amplitude
Forced Vibration
Forced vibration is when an object is vibrating
continuously as a result of an outside force.
Page 35
Centrifugal Force Due to an Imbalance
General Information: 0A-22
1. Location of Imbalance (Degrees)2. Centrifugal Force Acting on Spindle
A spinning object with an imbalance generates a centrifugal force. Performing the following steps will help to
demonstrate centrifugal force:
1. Tie a nut to a string.
2. Hold the string. The nut hangs vertically due to gravity.
3. Spin the string. The nut will spin in a circle.
Centrifugal force is trying to make the nut fly outward, causing the pull you feel on your hand. An unbalanced tire
follows the same example. The nut is the imbalance in the tire. The string is the tire, wheel, and suspension assembly.
As the vehicle speed increases, the disturbing force of the unbalanced tire can be felt in the steering wheel, the seat,
and the floor. This disturbance will be repetitive (Hz) and the amplitude will increase. At higher speeds, both the
frequency and the amplitude will increase. As the tire revolves, the imbalance, or the centrifugal force, will alternately
lift the tire up and force the tire downward, along with the spindle, once for each revolution of the tire.
Page 36
0A-23 General Information:
Natural or Resonant Frequency
The natural frequency is the frequency at which an
object tends to vibrate. Bells, guitar strings, and tuning
forks are all examples of objects that tend to vibrate at
specific frequencies when excited by an external force.
Suspension systems, and even engines within the
mounts, have a tendency to vibrate at certain
frequencies. This is why some vibration complaints
occur only at specific vehicle speeds or engine RPM.
The stiffness and the natural frequency of a material
have a relationship. Generally, the stiffer the material,
the higher the natural frequency. The opposite is also
true. The softer a material, the lower the natural
frequency. Conversely, the greater the mass, the lower
the natural frequency.
Resonance
1. Frequency - cps
2. Suspension Frequency
3. Unbalanced Excitation
4. Point of Resonance
5. Problem Speed
All objects have natural frequencies. The natural
frequency of a typical automotive front suspension is in
the 10-15 Hz range. This natural frequency is the result
of the suspension design. The suspension's natural
frequency is the same at all vehicle speeds. As the tire
speed increases along with the vehicle speed, the
disturbance created by the tire increases in frequency.
Eventually, the frequency of the unbalanced tire will
intersect with the natural frequency of the suspension.
This causes the suspension to vibrate. The intersecting
point is called the resonance.
The amplitude of a vibration will be greatest at the point
of resonance. While the vibration may be felt above and
below the problem speed, the vibration may be felt the
most at the point of resonance.
Page 37
Damping
General Information: 0A-24
1. Low Damping2. High Damping
Damping is the ability of an object or material to dissipate or absorb vibration. The automotive shock absorber is a
good example. The function of the shock absorber is to absorb or dampen the oscillations of the suspension system.
Page 38
0A-25 General Information:
Beating (Phasing)
Two separate disturbances that are relatively close together in frequency will lead to a condition called beating, or
phasing. A beating vibration condition will increase in intensity or amplitude in a repetitive fashion as the vehicle
travels at a steady speed. This beating vibration can produce the familiar droning noise heard in some vehicles.
Beating occurs when 2 vibrating forces are adding to each other's amplitude. However, 2 vibrating forces can also
subtract from each other's amplitude. The adding and subtracting of amplitudes in similar frequencies is called
beating. In many cases, eliminating either one of the disturbances can correct the condition.
Order
Order refers to how many times an event occurs during 1
revolution of a rotating component.
For example, a tire with 1 high spot would create a
disturbance once for every revolution of the tire. This is
called first-order vibration.
Page 39
General Information: 0A-26
An oval-shaped tire with 2 high spots would create a
disturbance twice for every revolution. This is called
second-order vibration. Three high spots would be thirdorder, and so forth. Two first-order vibrations may add or
subtract from the overall amplitude of the disturbance,
but that is all. Two first-order vibrations do not equal a
second-order. Due to centrifugal force, an unbalanced
component will always create at least a first-order
vibration.
Service Programming System (SPS)
For step by step programming instructions, please refer
to the techline information system (TIS) terminal.
Review the information below to ensure proper
programming protocol.
NOTE
• DO NOT program a control module unless
you are directed by a service procedure or
you are directed by a service bulletin.
Programming a control module at any
other time will not permanently correct a
customer's concern.
• It is essential that the Tech 2 and the TIS
terminal are both equipped with the latest
software before performing service
programming system (SPS).
• Some modules will require additional
programming/setup events performed
before or after programming.
• Some vehicles may require the use of a
CANDi module for programming.
• Review the appropriate service information
for these procedures.
• DTCs may set during programming. Clear
DTCs after programming is complete.
• Clearing powertrain DTCs will set the
Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) system
status indicators to NO.
Ensure the following conditions are met before
programming a control module:
• Vehicle system voltage
– There is not a charging system concern. All
charging system concerns must be repaired before
programming a control module.
– Battery voltage is greater than 12 volts but less
than 16 volts. The battery must be charged before
programming the control module if the battery
voltage is low.
– A battery charger is NOT connected to the vehicle's
battery. Incorrect system voltage or voltage
fluctuations from a battery charger, may cause
programming failure or control module damage.
– Turn OFF or disable any system that may put a
load on the vehicle's battery, such as the following
components:
parking brake, on most vehicles, disables the
DRL system.
– Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)
systems
– Engine cooling fans, radio, etc.
• The ignition switch must be in the proper position. The
Tech 2 prompts you to turn ON the ignition, with the
engine OFF. DO NOT change the position of the
ignition switch during the programming procedure,
unless instructed to do so.
• Make certain all tool connections are secure, including
the following components and circuits:
– The RS-232 communication cable port
– The connection at the data link connector (DLC)
– The voltage supply circuits
• DO NOT disturb the tool harnesses while
programming. If an interruption occurs during the
programming procedure, programming failure or
control module damage may occur.
• DO NOT turn OFF the ignition if the programming
procedure is interrupted or unsuccessful. Ensure that
all control module and DLC connections are secure
and the TIS terminal operating software is up to date.
Attempt to reprogram the control module. If the control
module cannot be programmed, replace the control
module.
Page 40
0A-27 General Information:
DTC Symptom Description - Vehicle Diagnostic Information
A DTC symptom is a 2-digit number which adds additional detail to a DTC. The DTC symptom provides additional
information without requiring a large increase in the number of new DTCs.
DTC Symptom Categories
The DTC symptom is made up of 2 alphanumeric digits. The first digit following the DTC indicates the DTC symptom
category. There are 16 possible categories available in the range of 0 through the letter F. Currently there are 8
categories in use, 0 through 7. These 8 categories together with their definitions are given below.
Category
Number
0General Electrical Failures
1Additional General Electrical Failures
2
3ECU Internal Failures
4ECU Programming Failures
5Algorithm Based Failures
6Mechanical Failures
7Bus Signal/Message Failures
8-FReserved by DocumentNot in use at this time.
FM/PWM (Frequency/Pulse Width
Modulated) Failures
Category NameCategory Description
This category includes standard wiring failure modes, direct
current quantities related by Ohm's Law and quantities
related to amplitude, frequency or rate of change, and wave
shape.
This category includes the overflow from the previous
category.
This category includes faults related to frequency modulated
and pulse width modulated inputs and outputs of the
electronic control module (ECU). This category also includes
faults where position is determined by counts.
This category includes faults related to memory, software,
and internal electrical circuitry; requiring ECU replacement.
This category includes faults related to operational software,
calibrations, and options, remedied by programming the
ECU.
This category includes faults based on comparing two or
more input parameters for plausibility or comparing a single
parameter to itself with respect to time.
This category includes faults detected by inappropriate
motion in response to an ECU controlled output.
This category includes faults related to bus hardware and
signal integrity. This category is also used when the physical
input for a signal is located in one ECU and another ECU
diagnoses the circuit.
Page 41
General Information: 0A-28
DTC Symptom Subtypes
The second digit of the DTC symptom is the subtype of
the DTC symptom. These subtypes and their categories,
together with their definitions, are given in the following
table. DTC symptom 00 is a special case. If 00 is
displayed, only the base code number and its description
apply. Information regarding the fault will be provided in
the code setting criteria.
Example
The DTC symptoms associated with each DTC provide
more information about the fault that caused that DTC.
An example of a DTC displayed can be B1451 05 where
the B1451 is the DTC, and 05 after the space represents
the DTC symptom. While the DTC indicates that the fault
is in the accessory power circuit, this DTC symptom
indicates the circuit is shorted to battery or open.
Another possible symptom for this code is B1451 02,
where B1451 indicates the accessory power circuit, and
02 indicates the circuit is shorted to ground.
DTC SymptomDTC Symptom Description
00No Additional Information
01Short to Battery
02Short to Ground
03Voltage Below Threshold
04Open Circuit
05Short to Battery or Open
06Short to Ground or Open
07Voltage Above Threshold
08Signal Invalid
GM-approved
weld-thru
coating or
equivalent
Fusor super
flexible antiflutter foamfast set,
Fusor P/N 121/
124 or
equivalent
Panel bonding
adhesive
HVAC—
Others
Cutting type
fluid
General
Gm Part NO.
GM P/N
89021822
(Canadian P/N
992727)
—
GM P/N
12346392
(Canadian P/
N 10952983)
GM P/N
12345726
GM P/N
12378523
GM P/N
12378566
(Canadian P/N
88901674)
Lord Fusor P/N
110B/111B
GM P/N
12378567
(Canadian P/N
88901675)
Lord Fusor P/N
108B/109B
GM P/N
88861039 or
8886140
—3M 059173MBody panel mating surfaces
——
—
GM P/N
12378526
(Canadian P/N
88900060)
GM P/N
1052864
(Canadian P/N
992881)
Standard
Name
Glass Cleaner
Adhesion
Promoter
—
Epoxy
—
Fast Set Panel
Bonding
Adhesive
Medium Set
Panel Bonding
Adhesive
—
3M P/N 8116
Ashland Plio
Grip Panel
PAG oil
Polyalkylene
glycol
WD 40®Vals par
SupplierApplication
Accrapac/
Kemkrest
GM
Goodwrench,
Various
GM
Goodwrench
GM
Goodwrench,
Various
GM
Goodwrench,
Various
General
Motors
materials and
products
manufactured
by Lord
Adhesives
General
Motors
materials and
products
manufactured
by Lord
Adhesives
GM
Goodwrench,
Various
GM
Goodwrench,
Various
3MBody Structure Section
Windshield
High strength plastic
(Flexible plastic part)
Body section
Urethane adhesive-installed
window Adhesive service kit
description in Body general
description section
Seat metal (Rigid plastic part)
Body Structure Section
SRIM most rigid plastic part
Body Structure Section
Door panel hemming
Door outer panel replacement
Body/Door Section
Body Structure Section
High strength plastic
(Flexible plastic part)
Body Structure Section
Between door outer panel and inner
safety beam
Body Structure Section
—Compressor
When performing the drilling,
counterboring and tapping
procedures. Base engine service
thread repair
Page 45
Component Location
Engine Identification
Vehicle Identification Number
The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) Derivative is
located in one place on the engine and is a seventeen
digit number stamped or laser etched onto the block at
the vehicle assembly plant. If reading the identification
number the following information can be obtained:
• The first three digits identify the vehicle make.
• The fourth digit is the vehicle line.
• The fifth digit identifies the chassis type.
• The sixth & seventh digits are the grade type.
• The eight digit is the engine.
• The ninth digit is a check digit.
• The tenth digit is the model year.
• The eleventh digit is the manufacturing plant.
• The twelfth to seventeenth digits are the serial
number.
General Information: 0A-32
The engine block is marked with the engine plant
sequence number on a pad area on the left rear side (1).
The engine block is marked with the VIN on a pad area
on the left rear side (1).
Engine Plant Sequence Number
The engine plant sequence number is located in one
place on the engine and is a twelve digit number
stamped or laser etched onto the block at the engine
assembly plant.
Engine Traceability Label
The engine traceability label is located in a place on the
engine and consists of the broadcast code, bar code and
sequence number.
The engine traceability label (1) is located on the rear of
the left cylinder head.
Engine Barcode Description
PositionDefinitionCharacterDescription
Engine Barcode Description
The Engine Barcode format is 10XXX-XXXXXXXXX, totaling 15 characters.
1-2Flex ID10Component ID
3-5Broadcast CodeBWDBroadcast Code
6Hyphen—Hyphen
7-13Serial Number—Serial Number
14-15Blank—Intentionally Blank
Page 46
0A-33 General Information:
Transmission Identification Information
1. Transmission I.D. Location7. Serial Number During the Month of Manufacture
2. Model Number8. Assembly Line Code
3. I.D. Code9. Model of Transaxle, V = 55-50SN
4. GM Part Number10. Month of Manufacture, A = Jan, B = Feb, etc
5. Calibration Code11. Year of Manufacture, 03 = 2003
6. AW Production Unit Number
Diagnostic Information and Procedures
Diagnostic Procedure Instructions - Vehicle Diagnostic Information
The following is an overview of instructions for all 16 categories which may be included in a diagnostic procedure.
Diagnostic Instructions
A link to the “Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle Diagnostic Information” is provided here. This procedure should be
performed prior to performing other diagnostic procedures, as this prevents misdiagnosis where there are integrated
system dependencies.
A link to the “Strategy Based Diagnosis: ” is provided here. This provides an overview on how a technician should
diagnose a vehicle.
A link to the “Diagnostic Procedure Instructions - Vehicle Diagnostic Information” is provided here. This information is
an overview of instructions for all 16 categories which may be included in a diagnostic procedure.
DTC Descriptor
Describes what DTCs are diagnosed in this procedure. The DTC number, with Symptom Description when applicable,
and descriptor are written out.
Page 47
General Information: 0A-34
Diagnostic Fault Information
The diagnostic Fault Information table identifies each circuit that makes up an electrical subsystem and the associated
circuit faults. DTCs and symptoms are listed in the table for all circuit fault modes. This information can be used to
diagnose an electrical fault, or as a quick visual aid showing how the different symptoms and DTCs apply for the
subsystem being diagnosed.
Even though all the DTCs and symptoms are shown in this table it does not mean they will all be diagnosed in the
same procedure.
An example table from an engine coolant temperature (ECT) procedure:
Circuit
ECT Sensor SignalP0117P0118P0118
ECT Low Reference—P0118P0118
Short to
Ground
Open/High
Resistance
Short to Voltage
Signal
Performance
P0125
P0128
P0125
P0128
Typical Scan Tool Data
The Typical Scan Tool Data table identifies a scan tool data parameter and its value in reference to potential circuit
faults.
An example table from an ECT procedure:
ECT Sensor Temperature - PCM
CircuitShort to GroundOpenShort to Voltage
Operating Conditions: Engine Running
Parameter Normal Range:−32 to +130°C (−26 to +275°F)
Circuit/System Description identifies how a circuit/
system normally functions.
Conditions for Running the DTC
Conditions for Running the DTC, identifies what
conditions must be present to allow the diagnostic to run.
Conditions for Setting the DTC
Conditions for Setting the DTC, identifies the
condition(s) that must be present in order to fail the
diagnostic and when to set the DTC.
Action Taken When the DTC Sets
Actions Taken When the DTC sets, identifies the default
actions taken when a control module sets a DTC.
Conditions for Clearing the DTC
Conditions for Clearing the DTC, identifies the conditions
that must be met in order to clear the DTC.
Diagnostic Aids
Diagnostic Aids are suggestions which explain other
methods to diagnose the condition. It also provides
unique information about the system used to assist the
technician in finding and repairing a vehicle condition.
Reference Information
Reference Information includes links providing additional
information for the diagnostic procedure.
For example:
• Schematic Reference
• Connector End View Reference
• Description and Operation
• Electrical Information Reference
• DTC Type Reference
• Scan Tool Reference
• Special Tools Required
Page 48
0A-35 General Information:
Circuit/System Verification
The diagnostic format does not force a technician to any
of the 3 diagnostic categories (Circuit/System
Verification, Circuit/System Testing and Component
Testing). However, performing the Circuit/System
Verification category first, aids in determining if a vehicle
condition is current. This category also serves to route
the technician to another diagnostic procedure which
should be performed first; for example, a DTC with a
higher priority.
Circuit/System Verification is a non-intrusive procedure
outlining how to verify that a system or a portion of a
system is functioning correctly. During the verification
process, the vehicle is kept intact and tested as a
complete system. This verification is used to assist the
technician in determining whether a condition is current
or intermittent. When a condition is determined to be
intermittent, a technician can use the link in Electrical
Information Reference: “Testing for Intermittent
Conditions and Poor Connections: ”.
The technician should be able to identify if the fault is
occurring on the input circuit - signal or on the output
circuit - control when applicable. The technician will need
to decide from the verification results if the system is
working correctly or if further diagnosis needs to be
performed in either Circuit/System Testing and/or
Component Testing.
Circuit/System Testing
The diagnostic format does not force a technician to any
of the 3 diagnostic categories (Circuit/System
Verification, Circuit/System Testing and Component
Testing). However, beginning with the Circuit/System
Verification category aids in determining if a vehicle
condition is current.
Circuit/System Testing is a step by step, positive-flow,
testing sequence which allows the technician to perform
each test step, in sequence, until a fault is detected. If
the result of a test step is achieved, the normal flow is to
proceed to the next step. If the result is NOT achieved,
the repair arrow bullet will identify what actions need to
take place.
Intrusive diagnostics are performed to locate the system
fault. System harness connections are disconnected
from the module or component to test individual circuit
functions. The module or component will be used to
assist in verifying the circuit function. When a test does
not pass, the repair steps will indicate what circuit faults
to test. For example, short to voltage, short to ground or
open/high resistance.
When testing for individual circuit faults, the technician is
expected to include terminal inspections such as
connection surfaces and terminal tension at both the
harness and component/module. Additionally, a
technician can use the links in Electrical Information
Reference: “Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor
Connections: ” or “Circuit Testing: ”.
The control modules and components will also be
diagnosed during these test steps. A retest of a control
module or component should always be performed
before replacement. For example, re-connect all
components and modules and retest the system to verify
the condition still exists before replacing modules or
components.
Component Testing
The diagnostic format does not force a technician to any
of the 3 diagnostic categories (Circuit/System
Verification, Circuit/System Testing and Component
Testing). However, beginning with the Circuit/System
Verification category aids in determining if a vehicle
condition is current.
Component Testing can offer static and/or dynamic
component tests. These tests can be used to verify if a
component is operating correctly to avoid unnecessary
replacement.
Testing modules in this category will not be offered. In
most cases, the module is used to verify the harness
circuits in the Circuit/System Testing category and a
retest of the module should always be performed before
replacement.
Repair Instructions
Repair Instructions provides a link to “Diagnostic Repair
Verification - Vehicle Diagnostic Information”. This link
describes how to verify the vehicle is repaired.
All links to Repair or Replacement procedures are
located here.
Repair Verification
Repair Verification describes how to verify the vehicle is
repaired when additional instructions are needed beyond
what is in Diagnostic Repair Verification.
Page 49
General Information: 0A-36
Strategy Based Diagnosis - Vehicle Diagnostic Information
The goal of Strategy Based Diagnostics is to provide guidance when you create a plan of action for each specific
diagnostic situation. Following a similar plan for each diagnostic situation, you will achieve maximum efficiency when
you diagnose and repair vehicles. Although each of the Strategy Based Diagnostics boxes is numbered, you are not
required to complete every box in order to successfully diagnose a customer concern. The first step of your diagnostic
process should always be, verify the Customer Concern box. The final step of your diagnostic process should be
Repair and verify the Fix box 7. Refer to the following chart for the correct Strategy Based Diagnostics.
1. Verify the Customer Concern: The first part of this step is to obtain as
much information as possible from the customer. Are there aftermarket
accessories on the vehicle? When does the condition occur? Where does
the condition occur? How long does the condition last? How often does
the condition occur? In order to verify the concern, the technician should
be familiar with the normal operation of the system and refer to the owner
or service manual for any information needed.
2. Preliminary Checks: Conduct a thorough visual inspection. Review the
service history. Detect unusual sounds or odors. Gather diagnostic trouble
code (DTC) information in order to achieve an effective repair.
5.3. No Published Diagnostics: Analyze the Concern. Develop a plan for the
diagnostics. The service manual schematics will help you to see system
power, ground, input and output circuits. You can also identify splices and
other areas where multiple circuits are tied together. Look at component
locations to see if components, connectors or harnesses may be exposed
to extreme temperature, moisture, road salt or other corrosives battery
acid, oil or other fluids. Utilize the wiring diagrams, system description and
operation, and system circuit description.
5.4. Intermittents: An intermittent condition is one that does not occur
continuously and will occur when certain conditions are met. Generally,
intermittents are caused by faulty electrical connections and wiring,
malfunctioning components, electromagnetic/radio frequency
interference, and aftermarket equipment. Combine technician knowledge
with efficient use of the available service information. Evaluate the
symptoms and conditions described by the customer. Use a check sheet
or other method in order to identify the component. Follow the suggestions
for intermittent diagnosis found in the service manual. A scan tool and a
digital multi-meter may have data capturing capabilities that can assist in
detection of intermittents.
Page 50
0A-37 General Information:
3. Perform Published Diagnostic System Check: The Diagnostic System
Check verifies the proper operation of the system. This will lead the
technician in an organized approach to diagnostics.
4. Check Bulletins, Recalls and Preliminary Information (PI)s.6. Re-examine the Concern: If a technician cannot successfully find or
5.1. Stored DTCs: Follow the designated DTC in order to make an effective
repair.
5.2. Symptom No DTC: Select the appropriate symptom. Follow the diagnostic
steps or suggestions in order to complete the repair.
5.5. Vehicle Operates as Designed: This condition exists when the vehicle is
found to operate normally. The condition described by the customer may
be normal. Compare with another like vehicle that is operating normally
under the same conditions described by the customer. Explain your
findings and the operation of that system to the customer.
isolate the concern, a re-evaluation is necessary. Re-verify the concern.
The concern could be an intermittent or normal condition.
7. Repair and Verify Fix: After isolating the cause, make the repairs and
validate for the correct operation. Verify that the symptom has been
corrected, which may involve road testing the vehicle.
Strategy Based Diagnosis
The goal of Strategy Based Diagnostics is to provide guidance when you create a plan of action for each specific
diagnostic situation. Following a similar plan for each diagnostic situation, you will achieve maximum efficiency when
you diagnose and repair vehicles. Although each of the Strategy Based Diagnostics boxes is numbered, you are not
required to complete every box in order to successfully diagnose a customer concern. The first step of your diagnostic
process should always be, verify the Customer Concern box. The final step of your diagnostic process should be
Repair and verify the Fix box 7. Refer to the following chart for the correct Strategy Based Diagnostics.
Page 51
General Information: 0A-38
1. Verify the Customer Concern: The first part of this step is to obtain as
much information as possible from the customer. Are there aftermarket
accessories on the vehicle? When does the condition occur? Where does
the condition occur? How long does the condition last? How often does
the condition occur? In order to verify the concern, the technician should
be familiar with the normal operation of the system and refer to the owner
or service manual for any information needed.
2. Preliminary Checks: Conduct a thorough visual inspection. Review the
service history. Detect unusual sounds or odors. Gather diagnostic trouble
code (DTC) information in order to achieve an effective repair.
3. Perform Published Diagnostic System Check: The Diagnostic System
Check verifies the proper operation of the system. This will lead the
technician in an organized approach to diagnostics.
4. Check Bulletins, Recalls and Preliminary Information (PI)s.6. Re-examine the Concern: If a technician cannot successfully find or
5.1. Stored DTCs: Follow the designated DTC in order to make an effective
repair.
5.2. Symptom No DTC: Select the appropriate symptom. Follow the diagnostic
steps or suggestions in order to complete the repair.
5.3. No Published Diagnostics: Analyze the Concern. Develop a plan for the
diagnostics. The service manual schematics will help you to see system
power, ground, input and output circuits. You can also identify splices and
other areas where multiple circuits are tied together. Look at component
locations to see if components, connectors or harnesses may be exposed
to extreme temperature, moisture, road salt or other corrosives battery
acid, oil or other fluids. Utilize the wiring diagrams, system description and
operation, and system circuit description.
5.4. Intermittents: An intermittent condition is one that does not occur
continuously and will occur when certain conditions are met. Generally,
intermittents are caused by faulty electrical connections and wiring,
malfunctioning components, electromagnetic/radio frequency
interference, and aftermarket equipment. Combine technician knowledge
with efficient use of the available service information. Evaluate the
symptoms and conditions described by the customer. Use a check sheet
or other method in order to identify the component. Follow the suggestions
for intermittent diagnosis found in the service manual. A scan tool and a
digital multi-meter may have data capturing capabilities that can assist in
detection of intermittents.
5.5. Vehicle Operates as Designed: This condition exists when the vehicle is
found to operate normally. The condition described by the customer may
be normal. Compare with another like vehicle that is operating normally
under the same conditions described by the customer. Explain your
findings and the operation of that system to the customer.
isolate the concern, a re-evaluation is necessary. Re-verify the concern.
The concern could be an intermittent or normal condition.
7. Repair and Verify Fix: After isolating the cause, make the repairs and
validate for the correct operation. Verify that the symptom has been
corrected, which may involve road testing the vehicle.
Vehicle-to-Vehicle Diagnostic Comparison
Comparing the customer's vehicle to a KNOWN GOOD vehicle that is essentially identical will help determine if the
customer's concern may be characteristic of a vehicle design. To arrive at a valid conclusion, the comparison must be
performed under the same conditions, using the same criteria, on a vehicle that has the same option content as the
customer's vehicle.
The comparison vehicle must match the customer's vehicle in the following areas:
• Model Year
•Make
• Model
• Body style
• Powertrain configuration
• Driveline configuration
• Final drive ratio
• Tire/wheel size and type
• Suspension package
• Trailering package
•GVW rating
• Performance options
• Luxury options
Page 52
0A-39 General Information:
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List - Vehicle Diagnostic Information
This master DTC list includes all applicable DTCs in alphanumeric order with descriptors.
The GM LAN modules on this vehicle also support DTC Symptom information. Refer to “DTC Symptom Description Vehicle Diagnostic Information” for additional information on DTC symptoms.
DTCDTC Descriptor
NOTE
Do not clear any DTCs unless instructed to do so by a diagnostic procedure
NOTE
If any DTCs are Powertrain related DTCs, select Capture Info in order to store the DTC information
with the scan tool
Temperature Control 1 Feedback
Circuit
Temperature Control 2 Feedback
Circuit
Temperature Control 3 Feedback
Circuit
Cruise Control System Active
Indicator Circuit
Electronic Control Unit (ECU)
Performance
Device Ignition 1 ON and START
Circuit
Device Ignition 1 CircuitSDM“DTC B1370: ”
Device Voltage Reference Output 2
Circuit
Ignition Switched Power Run/Crank
Relay Circuit
Ignition Switched Power Relay 2
Circuit
Device Voltage Reference Output
Circuit
Left Seat Cushion Heater Sensor
Circuit
Right Seat Cushion Heater Sensor
Circuit
C0750Left Front Low Tire Pressure SensorRCDLR“DTC C0750, C0755, C0760, or C0765: ”
C0755Right Front Low Tire Pressure Sensor RCDLR“DTC C0750, C0755, C0760, or C0765: ”
C0760Left Rear Low Tire Pressure SensorRCDLR“DTC C0750, C0755, C0760, or C0765: ”
C0765Right Rear Low Tire Pressure Sensor RCDLR“DTC C0750, C0755, C0760, or C0765: ”
C0775
C0890
C0899Device Voltage LowEBCM“DTC C0899: ”
C0900Device Voltage HighEBCM“DTC C0900: ”
P0008
P0009
P0010
P0011
P0013
P0014
Unconfigured Transponder/Vehicle
Configuration Not Programmed
Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor
Circuit
Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor
Circuit
Antilock Brake System (ABS) Brake
Switch/Sensor Circuit
Antilock Brake System (ABS) Enable
Relay Contact Circuit
Steering Wheel Position Sensor
Uncorrelated
Rear Axle Coupling Solenoid Control
Circuit
Rear Axle Coupling Temperature
Sensor Circuit
Electronic Control Unit (ECU)
Performance
Low Tire Pressure System Sensors
Not Learned
Device Voltage Reference Output 3
Circuit
Engine Position System Performance
Bank 1
Engine Position System Performance
Bank 2
Intake Camshaft Position (CMP)
Actuator Solenoid Control Circuit
Bank 1
Intake Camshaft Position (CMP)
System Performance Bank 1
Exhaust Camshaft Position (CMP)
Actuator Solenoid Control Circuit
Bank 1
Exhaust Camshaft Position (CMP)
System Performance Bank 1
Module that
Sets the DTC
TDM“DTC B3976: ”
EBCM“DTC C0035-C0050: ”
EBCM“DTC C0035-C0050: ”
EBCM“DTC C0161: ”
EBCM“DTC C0201: ”
EBCM“DTC C0252: ”
CCM“DTC C0393: ”
CCM“DTC C0394: ”
EBCM“DTC C0550: ”
CCM“DTC C0550: ”
EBCM“DTC C0561: ”
CCM“DTC C0561: ”
RCDLR“DTC C0775: ”
BCM“DTC C0277 or DTC C0890: ”
ECM“DTC P0008 or P0009: ”
ECM“DTC P0008 or P0009: ”
“DTC P0010, P0013, P0020, P0023, P2088,
ECM
ECM“DTC P0011, P0014, P0021, or P0024: ”
ECM
ECM“DTC P0011, P0014, P0021, or P0024: ”
P2089, P2090, P2091, P2092, P2093, P2094,
or P2095: ”
Camshaft Position (CMP) Correlation
Bank 1
Crankshaft Position (CKP) - Exhaust
Camshaft Position (CMP) Correlation
Bank 1
Crankshaft Position (CKP) - Intake
Camshaft Position (CMP) Correlation
Bank 2
Crankshaft Position (CKP) - Exhaust
Camshaft Position (CMP) Correlation
Bank 2
Intake Camshaft Position (CMP)
Actuator Solenoid Control Circuit
Bank 2
Intake Camshaft Position (CMP)
System Performance Bank 2
Exhaust Camshaft Position (CMP)
Actuator Solenoid Control Circuit
Bank 2
Exhaust Camshaft Position (CMP)
System Performance Bank 2
HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 1
Sensor 1
HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low
Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 1
HO2S Heater Control Circuit High
Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 1
Heater Control Circuit Bank 1
Sensor 2
HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low
Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 2
HO2S Heater Control Circuit High
Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 2
HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 2
Sensor 1
HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low
Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 1
HO2S Heater Control Circuit High
Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 1
HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 2
Sensor 2
HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low
Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 2
HO2S Heater Control Circuit High
Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 2
Module that
Sets the DTC
ECM“DTC P0016, P0017, P0018, or P0019: ”
ECM“DTC P0016, P0017, P0018, or P0019: ”
ECM“DTC P0016, P0017, P0018, or P0019: ”
ECM“DTC P0016, P0017, P0018, or P0019: ”
“DTC P0010, P0013, P0020, P0023, P2088,
ECM
ECM“DTC P0011, P0014, P0021, or P0024: ”
ECM
ECM“DTC P0011, P0014, P0021, or P0024: ”
ECM
ECM
ECM
ECM
ECM
ECM
ECM
ECM
ECM
ECM
ECM
ECM
P2089, P2090, P2091, P2092, P2093, P2094,
or P2095: ”
P0100Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor CircuitECM“DTC P0100, P0102, or P0103: ”
P0101
P0102
P0103
P0111
P0112
P0113
P0115
P0116
P0117
P0118
P0119
P0120Throttle Position (TP) Sensor CircuitTCM
P0121
P0122
P0123
P0125
P0128
P0131
P0132
P0133
P0134
P0135
P0137
P0138
P0140
P0141
P0151
P0152
Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
Performance
Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Circuit
Low Frequency
Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Circuit
High Frequency
Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
Circuit Performance
Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
Circuit Low Voltage
Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
Circuit High Voltage
Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)
Sensor Circuit
Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)
Sensor Performance
Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)
Sensor Circuit Low Voltage
Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)
Sensor Circuit High Voltage
Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)
Sensor Circuit Intermittent
Throttle Position (TP) Sensor 1
Performance
Throttle Position (TP) Sensor 1 Circuit
Low Voltage
Throttle Position (TP) Sensor 1 Circuit
High Voltage
Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)
Insufficient for Closed Loop
Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)
Below Thermostat Regulating
Temperature
HO2S Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1
Sensor 1
HO2S Circuit High Voltage Bank 1
Sensor 1
HO2S Slow Response Bank 1 Sensor
1
HO2S Circuit Insufficient Activity Bank
1 Sensor 1
HO2S Heater Performance Bank 1
Sensor 1
HO2S Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1
Sensor 2
HO2S Circuit High Voltage Bank 1
Sensor 2
HO2S Circuit Insufficient Activity Bank
1 Sensor 2
HO2S Heater Performance Bank 1
Sensor 2
HO2S Circuit Low Voltage Bank 2
Sensor 1
HO2S Circuit High Voltage Bank 2
Sensor 1
Knock Sensor (KS) Circuit Low
Voltage Bank 1
Knock Sensor (KS) Circuit High
Frequency Bank 1
Knock Sensor (KS) Circuit Low
Voltage Bank 2
Knock Sensor (KS) Circuit High
Frequency Bank 2
Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor A
Circuit
Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
Performance
Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
Circuit High Duty Cycle
“DTC P0326, P0327, P0328, P0331, P0332, or
P0333: ”
“DTC P0326, P0327, P0328, P0331, P0332, or
P0333: ”
“DTC P0326, P0327, P0328, P0331, P0332, or
P0333: ”
“DTC P0326, P0327, P0328, P0331, P0332, or
P0333: ”
Diagnostic Procedure
Page 60
0A-47 General Information:
DTCDTC Descriptor
P0341
P0342
P0343
P0346
P0347
P0348
P0366
P0367
P0368
P0391
P0392
P0393
P0420
P0430
P0442
P0443
P0446
P0449
P0451
P0452
P0453
P0455
P0458
Intake Camshaft Position (CMP)
Sensor Performance Bank 1
Intake Camshaft Position (CMP)
Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1
Intake Camshaft Position (CMP)
Sensor Circuit High Voltage Bank 1
Intake Camshaft Position (CMP)
Sensor Performance Bank 2
Intake Camshaft Position (CMP)
Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 2
Intake Camshaft Position (CMP)
Sensor Circuit High Voltage Bank 2
Exhaust Camshaft Position (CMP)
Sensor Performance Bank 1
Exhaust Camshaft Position (CMP)
Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1
Exhaust Camshaft Position (CMP)
Sensor Circuit High Voltage Bank 1
Exhaust Camshaft Position (CMP)
Sensor Performance Bank 2
Exhaust Camshaft Position (CMP)
Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 2
Exhaust Camshaft Position (CMP)
Sensor Circuit High Voltage Bank 2
Catalyst System Low Efficiency Bank
1
Catalyst System Low Efficiency Bank
2
Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System
Small Leak Detected
Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Purge
Solenoid Control Circuit
Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Vent
System Performance
Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Vent
Solenoid Valve Control Circuit
Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) Sensor
Performance
Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) Sensor
Circuit Low Voltage
Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) Sensor
Circuit High Voltage
Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System
Large Leak Detected
Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Purge
Solenoid Control Circuit Low Voltage
P0571Cruise Control Brake Switch CircuitECM“DTC P0571: ”
P0572Brake Switch Circuit 1 Low VoltageECM“DTC P0572: ”
P0573Brake Switch Circuit 1 High VoltageECM“DTC P0573: ”
P0575Cruise Control Switch Signal CircuitECM“DTC P0575: ”
P0601
P0602
P0603
Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Purge
Solenoid Control Circuit High Voltage
Fuel Level Sensor 1 Circuit Low
Voltage
Fuel Level Sensor 1 Circuit High
Voltage
Fuel Level Sensor 1 Circuit
Intermittent
Cooling Fan Relay 2 and 3 Control
Circuit
Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System
Flow During Non-Purge
Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Vent
Solenoid Valve Control Circuit Low
Voltage
Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Vent
Solenoid Valve Control Circuit High
Voltage
Cold Start Idle Air Control (IAC)
System Performance
Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) Sensor
Circuit
Air Conditioning (A/C) Refrigerant
Pressure Sensor Circuit Low Voltage
Air Conditioning (A/C) Refrigerant
Pressure Sensor Circuit High Voltage
Control Module Read Only Memory
(ROM)
Transmission Control Module (TCM)
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Control Module Not ProgrammedECM
Transmission Control Module (TCM)
Not Programmed
Control Module Long Term Memory
Reset
Transmission Control Module (TCM)
Long Term Memory Reset
Module that
Sets the DTC
ECM“DTC P0443, P0458, or P0459: ”
ECM“DTC P0462: ”
ECM“DTC P0463: ”
ECM“DTC P0464: ”
“DTC P0480, P0481, P0691, P0692, P0693, or
P0694: ”
ECM
ECM“DTC P0496: ”
ECM“DTC P0449, P0498, or P0499: ”
ECM“DTC P0449, P0498, or P0499: ”
ECM“DTC P0506, P0507, or P050A: ”
ECM“DTC P0520: ”
ECM“DTC P0532 or P0533: ”
ECM“DTC P0532 or P0533: ”
ECM“DTC P0562: ”
TCM“DTC P0562 or P0563: ”
ECM“DTC P0563: ”
TCM“DTC P0562 or P0563: ”
ECM
TCM“DTC P0601, P0602, P0603, or P0604: ”
TCM“DTC P0601, P0602, P0603, or P0604: ”
ECM
TCM“DTC P0601, P0602, P0603, or P0604: ”
“DTC P0480, P0481, P0691, P0692, P0693, or
P0694: ”
P0627Fuel Pump Relay Control CircuitECM“DTC P0627, P0628, or P0629: ”
P0628
P0629
P0633Theft Deterrent Key Not Programmed ECM“DTC P0633: ”
P0638
P06425 Volt Reference 1 Circuit Low Voltage ECM“DTC P0642 or P0643: ”
P0643
P0645
P0646
P0647
P0650
P06525 Volt Reference 2 Circuit Low Voltage ECM“DTC P0652 or P0653: ”
P0653
P0685
P0686
P0687
P0689
P0690
P0691
P0692
P0693
Memory (RAM)
Transmission Control Module (TCM)
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Starter Relay Control Circuit Low
Voltage
Starter Relay Control Circuit High
Voltage
Generator F-Terminal Circuit Low
Voltage
Generator F-Terminal Circuit High
Voltage
Fuel Pump Relay Control Circuit Low
Voltage
Fuel Pump Relay Control Circuit High
Voltage
Throttle Actuator Control (TAC)
Command Performance
6 Volt Reference 1 Circuit High
Voltage
Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Relay
Control Circuit
Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Relay
Control Circuit Low Voltage
Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Relay
Control Circuit High Voltage
Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
Control Circuit
6 Volt Reference 2 Circuit High
Voltage
Engine Controls Ignition Relay Control
Circuit
Engine Controls Ignition Relay Control
Circuit Low Voltage
Engine Controls Ignition Relay Control
Circuit High Voltage
Engine Controls Ignition Relay
Feedback Circuit Low Voltage
Engine Controls Ignition Relay
Feedback Circuit High Voltage
Cooling Fan Relay 1 Control Circuit
Low Voltage
Cooling Fan Relay 1 Control Circuit
High Voltage
Cooling Fan Relays 2 and 3 Control
Circuit Low Voltage
P081AStarter Inhibit Circuit Low VoltageTCM“DTC P081A or P081B: ”
P081BStarter Inhibit Circuit High VoltageTCM“DTC P081A or P081B: ”
P0826Up and Down Shift Switch CircuitTCM
P0864
P0897Transmission Fluid LifeTCM“DTC P0897: ”
P0962
P0963
P0966
P0967
Cooling Fan Relays 2 and 3 Control
Circuit High Voltage
5 Volt Reference 3 Circuit High
Voltage
Transmission Control Module (TCM)
Requested MIL Illumination
Transmission Range (TR) Switch
Performance
Transmission Range (TR) Switch
Circuit Low Voltage
Transmission Range (TR) Switch
Circuit High Voltage
Transmission Fluid Temperature (TFT)
Sensor Performance
Transmission Fluid Temperature (TFT)
Sensor Circuit Low Voltage
Transmission Fluid Temperature (TFT)
Sensor Circuit High Voltage
Input Speed Sensor Circuit Low
Voltage
Output Speed Sensor Circuit Low
Voltage
Torque Converter Clutch (TCC)
System - Stuck Off
Torque Converter Clutch (TCC)
System - Stuck On
Shift Solenoid (SS) 3 Valve
Performance - Stuck On
TCM Communication Circuit
Performance
Line Pressure Control (PC) Solenoid
Control Circuit Low Voltage
Line Pressure Control (PC) Solenoid
Control Circuit High Voltage
Torque Converter Clutch (TCC)
Pressure Control (PC) Solenoid
Control Circuit Low Voltage
Torque Converter Clutch (TCC)
Pressure Control (PC) Solenoid
Control Circuit High Voltage
Module that
Sets the DTC
ECM
ECM“DTC P0698 or P0699: ”
ECM“DTC P0700: ”
TCM“DTC P0706-P0708: ”
TCM“DTC P0706-P0708: ”
TCM“DTC P0706-P0708: ”
TCM“DTC P0711, P0712, or P0713: ”
TCM“DTC P0711, P0712, or P0713: ”
TCM“DTC P0711, P0712, or P0713: ”
TCM“DTC P0717 or P0722: ”
TCM“DTC P0717 or P0722: ”
TCM“DTC P0741: ”
TCM“DTC P0742: ”
TCM“DTC P0762: ”
ECM“DTC P0864: ”
TCM
TCM
TCM
TCM
“DTC P0480, P0481, P0691, P0692, P0693, or
P0694: ”
“DTC P0962, P0963, P0966, P0967, P0970, or
P0971: ”
“DTC P0962, P0963, P0966, P0967, P0970, or
P0971: ”
“DTC P0962, P0963, P0966, P0967, P0970, or
P0971: ”
“DTC P0962, P0963, P0966, P0967, P0970, or
P0971: ”
Diagnostic Procedure
Page 64
0A-51 General Information:
DTCDTC Descriptor
P0970
P0971
P0973
P0974
P0976
P0977
P0979
P0980
P0982
P0983
P0985
P0986
P1011
P1012
P1013
P1014
P1380
P1551
P1629
P1631
P1632
P167DIgnition Control (IC) PerformanceECM“DTC P167D: ”
P1719Incorrect Shifting DetectedTCM“DTC P1719: ”
P1779Torque Delivered SignalTCM
P2088
P2089
P2090
P2091
Shift Pressure Control (PC) Solenoid
Control Circuit Low Voltage
Shift Pressure Control (PC) Solenoid
Control Circuit High Voltage
Shift Solenoid (SS) 1 Control Circuit
Low Voltage
Shift Solenoid (SS) 1 Control Circuit
High Voltage
Shift Solenoid (SS) 2 Control Circuit
Low Voltage
Shift Solenoid (SS) 2 Control Circuit
High Voltage
Shift Solenoid (SS) 3 Control Circuit
Low Voltage
Shift Solenoid (SS) 3 Control Circuit
High Voltage
Shift Solenoid (SS) 4 Control Circuit
Low Voltage
Shift Solenoid (SS) 4 Control Circuit
High Voltage
Shift Solenoid (SS) 5 Control Circuit
Low Voltage
Shift Solenoid (SS) 5 Control Circuit
High Voltage
Intake Camshaft Position (CMP)
Actuator Park Position Bank 1
Exhaust Camshaft Position (CMP)
Actuator Park Position Bank 1
Intake Camshaft Position (CMP)
Actuator Park Position Bank 2
Exhaust Camshaft Position (CMP)
Actuator Park Position Bank 2
Misfire Detected - Rough Road Data
Not Available
Throttle Valve Rest Position Not
Reached During Learn
Theft Deterrent Fuel Enable Signal
Not Received
Theft Deterrent Fuel Enable Signal
Not Correct
Theft Deterrent Fuel Disable Signal
Received
Intake Camshaft Position (CMP)
Actuator Solenoid Control Circuit Low
Voltage Bank 1
Intake Camshaft Position (CMP)
Actuator Solenoid Control Circuit High
Voltage Bank 1
Exhaust Camshaft Position (CMP)
Actuator Solenoid Control Circuit Low
Voltage Bank 1
Exhaust Camshaft Position (CMP)
Actuator Solenoid Control Circuit High
Voltage Bank 1
P2119Throttle Closed Position Performance ECM“DTC P0638, P2100, P2101, or P2119: ”
P2122
P2123
P2127
P2128
P2138
P2176
P2177
P2178
P2179
P2180
P2187Fuel Trim System Lean at Idle Bank 1 ECM“DTC P2177, P2179, P2187, or P2189: ”
P2188Fuel Trim System Rich at Idle Bank 1 ECM“DTC P2178, 2180, P2188, or P2190: ”
P2189Fuel Trim System Lean at Idle Bank 2 ECM“DTC P2177, P2179, P2187, or P2189: ”
P2190Fuel Trim System Rich at Idle Bank 2 ECM“DTC P2178, 2180, P2188, or P2190: ”
P2227
P2228
Actuator Solenoid Control Circuit Low
Voltage Bank 2
Intake Camshaft Position (CMP)
Actuator Solenoid Control Circuit High
Voltage Bank 2
Exhaust Camshaft Position (CMP)
Actuator Solenoid Control Circuit Low
Voltage Bank 2
Exhaust Camshaft Position (CMP)
Actuator Solenoid Control Circuit High
Voltage Bank 2
Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Low
Limit Bank 1
Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System High
Limit Bank 1
Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Low
Limit Bank 2
Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System High
Limit Bank 2
Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Motor
Control Circuit
Control Module Throttle Actuator
Position Performance
Throttle Actuator Control (TAC)
System - Forced Engine Shutdown
Throttle Actuator Control (TAC)
Module Internal Circuit
Accelerator Pedal Position (APP)
Sensor 1 Circuit Low Voltage
Accelerator Pedal Position (APP)
Sensor 1 Circuit High Voltage
Accelerator Pedal Position (APP)
Sensor 2 Circuit Low Voltage
Accelerator Pedal Position (APP)
Sensor 2 Circuit High Voltage
Accelerator Pedal Position (APP)
Sensor 1-2 Correlation
Minimum Throttle Position Not
Learned
Fuel Trim System Lean at Cruise or
Accel Bank 1
Fuel Trim System Rich at Cruise or
Accel Bank 1
Fuel Trim System Lean at Cruise or
Accel Bank 2
Fuel Trim System Rich at Cruise or
Accel Bank 2
Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor
Circuit High Voltage
HO2S Signal Circuit Shorted to Heater
Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 1
HO2S Signal Circuit Shorted to Heater
Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 2
HO2S Signal Circuit Shorted to Heater
Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 1
HO2S Signal Circuit Shorted to Heater
Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 2
HO2S Signal Stuck Lean Bank 1
Sensor 2
HO2S Signal Stuck Rich Bank 1
Sensor 2
HO2S Signal Stuck Lean Bank 2
Sensor 2
HO2S Signal Stuck Rich Bank 2
Sensor 2
P2636Fuel Transfer Pump Flow InsufficientECM“DTC P2636: ”
P2637Transmission Torque Delivered Circuit TCM
P280A
U0073High Speed Communication Bus
U0100
U0101
U0104
U0121
U0122
U0131
U0140
U0151
U0155
U0164
U0168
U0170
U0184Lost Communication With Radio
U0198
U0214
U1500Inter-Device Dedicated Bus 1EBCM, VCIM“DTC U1500: ”
U1814
U2099
U2100
U2105
Control Module Ignition Off Timer
Performance
Transmission Range (TR) Switch
Circuit Not Learned
Lost Communication With Engine/
Powertrain Control Module (ECM/
PCM)
Lost Communication With
Transmission Control Module (TCM)
Lost Communication With Cruise
Control Module
Lost Communication With Electronic
Brake Control Module (EBCM)
Lost Communication With Vehicle
Dynamics Control Module
Lost Communication With Power
Steering Control Module
Lost Communication With Body
Control Module (BCM)
Lost Communication With Sensing
and Diagnostic Module (SDM)
Lost Communication With Instrument
Panel Cluster (IPC) Control Module
Lost Communication With HVAC
Control Module
Lost Communication With Vehicle
Theft Deterrent (VTD) Control Module
Lost Communication With Passenger
Presence System (PPS)
Lost Communication With
Communication Interface Module
(OnStar®)
Lost Communication With Remote
Function Actuator (RFA)
Powertrain High Speed
Communication Enable Circuit
High Speed Communication Enable
Circuit
Controller Area Network (CAN) Bus
Communication
“DTC U2105-U2199 (Except U2142 and
U2143): ” “DTC U2105-U2199 (U2142 or U2143
only): ”
Diagnostic Procedure
Page 68
0A-55 General Information:
DTCDTC Descriptor
U2106
U2107
U2142
U2143
Lost Communications With
Transmission Control System
Lost Communications With Body
Control System
Lost Communication With Yaw Rate
Sensor (YRS)
Lost Communications With Steering
Angle Sensor (SAS)
Module that
Sets the DTC
EBCM
EBCM
EBCM
EBCM
Diagnostic Starting Point - Vehicle
Diagnostic Information
Begin the system diagnosis with “Diagnostic System
Check - Vehicle Diagnostic Information”. The Diagnostic
System Check - Vehicle will provide the following
information:
• The identification of the control modules which are not
communicating through the serial data circuit.
• The identification of any stored diagnostic trouble
codes (DTCs) and their status.
The use of the Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle will
identify the correct procedures to begin vehicle
diagnosis. These must be performed before system DTC
or symptom diagnosis.
Diagnostic Procedure
“DTC U2105-U2199 (Except U2142 and
U2143): ” “DTC U2105-U2199 (U2142 or U2143
only): ”
“DTC U2105-U2199 (Except U2142 and
U2143): ” “DTC U2105-U2199 (U2142 or U2143
only): ”
“DTC U2105-U2199 (Except U2142 and
U2143): ” “DTC U2105-U2199 (U2142 or U2143
only): ”
“DTC U2105-U2199 (Except U2142 and
U2143): ” “DTC U2105-U2199 (U2142 or U2143
only): ”
2. Review the following Vibration Diagnostic Process.
3. Review the general descriptions to familiarize
yourself with vibration theory and terminology, the J
38792-A, Electronic Vibration Analyzer (EVA) 2 and
the J 38792-VS, Vibrate Software. Reviewing this
information will help you determine whether the
condition described by the customer is a potential
operating characteristic or not.
Refer to the following:
– “Vibration Theory and Terminology”
– “Electronic Vibration Analyzer (EVA) Description
and Operation”
– “Vibrate Software Description and Operation”
– “Reed Tachometer Description”
Diagnostic Starting Point - Vibration
Diagnosis and Correction
The information contained in this Vibration Diagnosis
and Correction section is designed to cover various
vehicle designs and configurations. Not all content will
apply to all vehicles.
NOTE
The following steps must be completed
before using the analysis tables or the
symptom tables.
1. Perform the “Vibration Analysis - Road Testing” table
before using the other Vibration Analysis tables or
the Symptom tables in order to effectively diagnose
the customer's concern.
The use of Vibration Analysis - Road Testing will first
provide duplication of virtually any vibration concern
and then identify the correct procedure for
diagnosing the area of concern which has been
duplicated.
Vibration Diagnostic Process
NOTE
Using the following steps of the vibration
diagnostic process will help you to
effectively narrow-down and pin-point the
search for the specific source of a vibration
concern and to arrive at an accurate repair.
1. Gather specific information on the customer's
vibration concern.
2. Perform the road testing steps in sequence as
identified in Vibration Analysis - Road Testing in
order to duplicate the customer's concern and
evaluate the symptoms of the concern under
changing conditions. Observe what the vibration
feels like and what it sounds like. Observe when the
symptoms first appear, when they change, and when
they cease.
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General Information: 0A-56
3. Determine if the customer's vibration concern is truly
an abnormal condition or something that is
potentially an operating characteristic of the vehicle.
4. Systematically eliminate or “rule-out” possible
vehicle systems.
5. Focus diagnostic efforts on the remaining vehicle
system and systematically eliminate or “rule-out”
possible components of that system.
6. Make a repair on the remaining component, or
components, which have not been eliminated
systematically, and must therefore be the cause of
the vibration.
7. Verify that the customer's concern has been
eliminated or at least brought to an acceptable level.
8. Again perform the road testing steps in sequence as
identified in Vibration Analysis - Road Testing in
order to verify that the vehicle did not have more
than one vibration occurring.
Preliminary Visual/Physical Inspection
• Inspect for aftermarket equipment and modifications
which could affect the operation of the vehicle rotating
component systems.
• Inspect the easily accessible or visible components of
the vehicle rotating component systems for obvious
damage or conditions which could cause the
symptom.
• Inspect the tire inflation pressures for the proper
pressure.
Diagnostic Aids
Improper component routing or isolation, or components
which are worn or faulty may be the cause of intermittent
conditions that are difficult to duplicate. If the vibration
concern could not be duplicated by following the steps of
the Vibration Diagnostic Process, refer to “Vibration
Diagnostic Aids”.
Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle
Diagnostic Information
1. Verify that none of the following preliminary
inspections/tests reveal the cause of the vehicle
concern before beginning diagnosis:
– Ensure that the battery is fully charged. Refer to
“Battery Inspection/Test: ”.
– Ensure that the battery cables are clean and tight.
– Inspect for any open fuses. Refer to “Power
Distribution Schematics: ” and “Electrical Center
Identification Views: ”.
– Ensure that the grounds are clean, tight, and in
the correct location. Refer to “Ground Distribution
Schematics: ” and “Power and Grounding
Component Views: ”.
– Inspect the easily accessible systems or the
visible system components for obvious damage or
conditions that could cause the concern. This
would include checking to ensure that all
connections/connectors are fully seated and
secured.
– Inspect for aftermarket devices that could affect
the operation of the system. Refer to “Checking
Aftermarket Accessories: ”.
– Search for applicable service bulletins.
➢ If the preceding inspections/tests resolve the
concern, go to“Diagnostic Repair Verification Vehicle Diagnostic Information”.
2. Install a scan tool. Verify that the scan tool powers
up.
➢ If the scan tool does not power up, refer to “Scan
Tool Does Not Power Up: ”.
3. Ignition ON, Engine OFF, verify communication with
all of the control modules on the vehicle. Refer to
“Data Link References: ” for information on the
modules you should expect to communicate.
➢ If the scan tool does not communicate with one or
more of the expected control modules, refer to
“Data Link References: ”.
Page 70
0A-57 General Information:
4. Verify that the following DTCs are not set: U1814,
B1428.
➢ If either of the DTCs are set, refer to “DTC U1814: ”
or “DTC B1428: ”.
NOTE
Open the drivers door to ensure retained
accessory power mode (RAP) is inactive
during this test. The engine may start during
this test. Turn the engine OFF as soon as the
crank power mode has been observed.
5. With a scan tool, access the Body Control Module
Power Mode data display list.
Verify that all the parameters listed in the following
table correspond to the ignition key position. The
PMM Power Mode parameters table below illustrates
the correct state of these parameters (circuits) with
the corresponding ignition switch positions. The
circuits related to the parameters are in parenthesis.
➢ If any of the power mode parameters do not match
in any ignition switch position, refer to “Power Mode
Mismatch: ”.
6. Ignition ON, view the security indicator. The security
indicator should not remain illuminated after the
vehicle bulb check has completed.
➢ If the security indicator remains illuminated after the
bulb check, refer to “Diagnostic Trouble Code
(DTC) List - Vehicle Diagnostic Information” and
diagnose any of the following theft deterrent DTCs
set as current: B1000, B302A, B3031, B3055,
B3060, B3935, B3976, P0513, P0633, P1629,
P1631, or P1632.
7. Attempt to start the engine. Verify that the engine
cranks.
➢ If the engine does not crank, refer to “Symptoms -
Engine Electrical: ”.
8. Attempt to start the engine. Verify the engine starts
and runs.
➢ If the engine does not start and run, refer to “Engine
Cranks but Does Not Run: ”.
NOTE
Do not clear any DTCs unless instructed to
do so by a diagnostic procedure.
NOTE
If any DTCs are Powertrain related DTCs,
select Capture Info in order to store the DTC
information with the scan tool.
9. Use the appropriate scan tool selections to obtain
DTCs from each of the vehicle modules. Verify there
are no DTCs reported from any module.
➢ If any DTCs are present, refer to “Diagnostic
Trouble Code (DTC) List - Vehicle Diagnostic
Information” and diagnose any current DTCs in the
following order:
a. DTCs that begin with a U.
b. B1000, B1001, B1016, B1019, C0550, C0551,
C0558, P0601, P0602, P0603, P0604, P0606,
P2101, P2107, or P2610
c. B1325, B1424, B1517, C0800, C0899, C0900,
P0560, P0562, or P0563
d. Component level DTCs.
e. System level DTCs.
f.Any remaining DTCs.
10. If the customer concern is related to inspection/
maintenance (I/M) testing, refer to “Evaporative
Emission Control System Description: ”.
➢ If none of the previous tests or inspections
addresses the concern, refer to “Symptoms -
PMM Power Mode Parameters
Ignition Switch Position
Off Key OutOffKey Out/ACCInactiveInactive
Off Key INOffKey In/OffInactiveInactive
AccessoryAccessoryKey In/ACCActiveInactive
RunRunRunActiveActive
StartCrank RequestCrankInactiveActive
Current Power
Mode
Ign. Off/Run/
Crank
(Off/Run Crank
voltage circuit)
Ignition
Accessory/Run
(Accessory
voltage circuit)
Ignition Run/
Crank
(Ignition 1
Voltage circuit)
Page 71
General Information: 0A-58
Diagnostic Repair Verification - Vehicle
Diagnostic Information
1. Install any components or connectors that have been
removed or replaced during diagnosis.
2. Perform any adjustment, programming or setup
procedures that are required when a component or
module is removed or replaced.
3. Clear the DTCs.
4. Turn OFF the ignition for 60 seconds.
5. If the repair was related to a DTC, duplicate the
Conditions for Running the DTC and use the Freeze
Frame/Failure Records, if applicable, in order to
verify the DTC does not reset. If the DTC resets or
another DTC is present, refer to the “Diagnostic
Trouble Code (DTC) List - Vehicle Diagnostic
Information” and perform the appropriate diagnostic
procedure.
Or
If the repair was symptom related, duplicate the
conditions under which the customer concern
occurred to verify the repair. If the customer concern
reoccurs, return to “Symptoms - Vehicle Diagnostic
Information” and perform the appropriate symptom
diagnostic.
Driver Information and Entertainment
• “Symptoms - Entertainment: ”
• “Symptoms - Displays and Gages: ”
• “Symptoms - Secondary and Configurable Customer
Controls: ”
Perform the following steps in sequence BEFORE using these symptom tables.
1. Begin the diagnosis of a vibration concern by reviewing “Diagnostic Starting Point - Vibration Diagnosis and
Correction” to become familiar with the diagnostic process used to properly diagnose vibration concerns.
2. Perform the “Vibration Analysis - Road Testing” table before using these symptom tables in order to duplicate and
effectively diagnose the customer's concern.
Symptom Tables
Refer to a Vibration Analysis table as indicated in the following symptom tables, based on the most dominant
characteristic of the customer's vibration concern, felt or heard, that is evident during the appropriate condition of the
occurrence.
Vibration Symptoms that are Felt
Typical
CategoryDescription
Can sometimes be seen or felt in
the steering wheel, seat or
Shake
console.
Related terminology: shimmy,
wobble, waddle, shudder, hop
Roughness
Similar to the feeling of holding a
jigsaw.
Similar to the feeling of holding an
electric razor.
Buzz
May be felt in the hands through
the steering wheel, in the feet
through the floor, or in the seat of
the pants.
May produce a “pins and needles”
sensation or may put hands or
Tingling
feet “to sleep”.
Highest vibration frequency range
that can still be felt.
Frequency
Range
5-20 Hz
20-50 Hz
50-100 Hz
Greater
than 100 Hz
Condition of OccurrenceArea of Focus
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Still occurs during coast down
in NEUTRAL
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Affected by torque/load
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Affected by steering input
Engine Speed Sensitive
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Still occurs during coast down
in NEUTRAL
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Affected by torque/load
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Affected by steering input
Engine Speed Sensitive
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Affected by torque/load
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Affected by steering input
Engine Speed Sensitive
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Affected by torque/load
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Affected by steering input
Engine Speed Sensitive
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Tire and
Wheel: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Driveline: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Hub and/or
Axle Input: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Engine: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Tire and
Wheel: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Driveline: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Hub and/or
Axle Input: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Engine: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Driveline: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Hub and/or
Axle Input: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Engine: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Driveline: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Hub and/or
Axle Input: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Engine: ”
Page 73
Vibration Symptoms that are Heard
CategoryDescription
Usually heard as an interior noise
similar to the noise of a bowling
ball rolling down an alley, deep
thunder, or a bass drum.
Boom
• Related terminology - droning,
growling, moaning, roaring,
rumbling, humming
• May not be accompanied by a
perceptible vibration
(roughness)
Similar to the sound of a
bumblebee or blowing air across
the top of a bottle.
Moan or
Drone
• Related terminology humming, buzzing, resonance
• May be accompanied by a
perceptible vibration (buzz)
Howl
Similar to the sound of the wind
howling.
Similar to the sound of
Whine
mosquitoes, turbine engines, or
vacuum cleaners.
Typical
Frequency
Range
20-60 Hz
60-120 Hz
120-300 Hz
300-500 Hz
General Information: 0A-60
Condition of OccurrenceArea of Focus
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Still occurs during coast down
in NEUTRAL
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Affected by torque/load
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Affected by steering input
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Affected by torque/load
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Affected by steering input
Engine Speed Sensitive
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Tire and
Wheel: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Driveline: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Hub and/or
Axle Input: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Driveline: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Hub and/or
Axle Input: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Engine: ”
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Affected by torque/load
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Affected by steering input
Engine Speed Sensitive
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Affected by torque/load 2WD mode
Vehicle Speed Sensitive
Affected by torque/load 4WD mode
Squeaks and rattles are caused by improperly controlled relative motion between vehicle components.
There are 4 ways to prevent squeaks and rattles.
To aid in diagnosing, use J 39570 or J 41416.
• Attach the component that squeaks or rattles securely.
• Separate the components that squeak or rattle to prevent contact.
• Insulate the components that squeak or rattle.
• Insulate low uniform friction surfaces to eliminate stickslip motion.
Page 74
0A-61 General Information:
Vibration Analysis - Road Testing
Test Description
The numbers below refer to the step numbers on the diagnostic table.
5.
Obtaining rotational speed for the components rotating at tire/wheel speed is critical to systematically eliminating
specific vehicle component groups. These component rotational speeds can be generated by using the J 38792-VS
Vibrate Software, or through calculating them manually.
14.
NOTE
Be certain to OBSERVE for disturbances that match the customer's description FIRST, then look at the
J 38792-A frequency which corresponds with that disturbance.
Proper location of the J 38792-A Electronic Vibration Analyzer (EVA) 2, sensor onto the component which is most
excited by the vibration disturbance is critical to obtaining an accurate frequency reading.
This test will duplicate virtually any disturbance which occurs while the vehicle is in motion.
17.
Accelerate to a speed high enough above the speed of the disturbance to allow for the time needed to shift into
NEUTRAL and for the engine to decrease in RPM to idle speed, before coasting down through the disturbance range.
18.
This test will either eliminate or confirm the engine as a contributing cause of the customer concern.
StepActionYesNo
!
WARNING
Refer to “Road Test Caution: ”.
Did you review the Diagnostic Starting Point - Vibration
Diagnosis?
1
Did the customer concern indicate that the vibration occurs
2
ONLY while the vehicle is standing still?
Visually inspect the tire and wheel assemblies, steering
components and suspension components for any possible
3
faults.
Are the tire and wheel assemblies, steering components and
suspension components in good working condition?
NOTE
Do NOT operate the vehicle until the faults are
corrected.
Correct the faults with the tire and wheel assemblies, steering
4
components, and/or the suspension components before
proceeding.
Did you correct the faults with the tire and wheel assemblies,
steering components, and/or the suspension components?
1. Obtain the drive axle final drive ratio.
2. If the J 38792-VS, Vibrate Software, IS available, obtain
the transmission gear ratios.
3. If the J 38792-VS is NOT available, take note of the tire
size on each axle, then calculate the tire rotational speed
5
for each size tire used and calculate the propeller shaft
rotational speed, if equipped. Refer to “Component
Rotational Speed Calculation: ”.
Did you obtain the powertrain ratios for use with the J 38792VS, or calculate the component rotational speeds, if J 38792VS is NOT available?
Go to “Diagnostic
Go to Step 2
Starting Point Vibration Diagnosis
and Correction”
Go to Step 6 Go to Step 3
Go to Step 5 Go to Step 4
Go to Step 5 Go to Step 3
Go to Step 6 —
Page 75
General Information: 0A-62
StepActionYesNo
1. Install a scan tool.
2. With the scan tool, bring up the Powertrain Control Module
6
data list and select Engine Speed.
Is the scan tool operating properly?
Go to Step 7
Go to “Diagnostic
System Check Vehicle Diagnostic
Information”
Using the J 38792-A, Electronic Vibration Analyzer (EVA) 2 is
the preferred method for gathering necessary vibration
frequency data.
If the J 38792-A is not available, the necessary vibration
frequency data will have to be obtained based on symptoms
observed during testing. Review “Symptoms - Vibration
7
Go to Step 8 Go to Step 9
Diagnosis and Correction” to become familiar with the possible
frequency ranges. Review Symptoms - Vibration Diagnosis
and Correction, as necessary throughout the remainder of
diagnostics.
Is the J 38792-A available for use?
Install the J 38792-A.
Is the J 38792-A operating properly?
8
Go to Step 9
Go to “Electronic
Vibration Analyzer
(EVA) Description and
Operation”
Did the customer concern indicate that the vibration occurs
9
ONLY while the vehicle is standing still?
Did the customer concern indicate that the vibration occurs
10
ONLY during heavy acceleration at launch?
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Engine: ”
Go to Step 10
Go to Step 11 Go to Step 14
1. Install the J 38792-A sensor, if available, to the pinion area
of the drive axle. Route the sensor lead wire clear of
rotating parts and loosely secure the wire clear of moving
parts. If it is not possible to install the J 38792-A sensor, if
available, to the drive axle, install the sensor to an
exposed portion of the floor panel or seat track in the area
that the customer noted is most respondent to the
vibration.
2. Select a smooth, level road.
3. With the vehicle at a stand-still, apply the regular brake
and place the transmission in the lowest forward gear.
NOTE
11
Do not accelerate to the point of causing the drive
wheels to squeal, slip or hop - this would obscure
Go to Step 12 Go to Step 14
the results of the test.
4. Release the regular brakes and accelerate aggressively to
32 km/h (20 mph).
5. Observe the vehicle for disturbances that match the
customer's description and note the following conditions:
– The vibration frequency reading, if detected by the J
38792-A
– The feel and/or sound of the disturbance
6. If a reading could not be obtained by the J 38792-A, move
the J 38792-A sensor, if available, to another part that is
respondent to the vibration and repeat steps 3-5.
Were you able to duplicate the customer's concern?
12Is the vehicle primary driveline configuration rear wheel drive?Go to Step 13 Go to Step 14
Is the vehicle equipped with a solid drive axle?
13
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Driveline: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Hub and/or
Axle Input: ”
Page 76
0A-63 General Information:
StepActionYesNo
1. Install the J 38792-A sensor, if available, to the component
identified by the customer as most respondent to the
vibration. If no component was identified, install the J
38792-A sensor, if available, to the steering column. You
may have to move the sensor to other locations later.
2. Select a smooth, level road and slowly accelerate the
vehicle up to highway speed.
3. Observe the vehicle for disturbances that match the
customer's description and note the following conditions:
– The vehicle speed
14
– The engine RPM
Go to Step 17 Go to Step 15
– The transmission gear range and the specific gear
– The vibration frequency reading, if detected by the J
38792-A
– The feel and/or sound of the disturbance
4. If the vibration seems to excite a particular component of
the vehicle more than the steering column, then move the
J 38792-A sensor, if available, onto that component and
repeat steps 2 and 3.
Were you able to duplicate the customer's concern?
Is the vehicle equipped with selectable four-wheel or all-wheel
15
drive?
Go to Step 16 Go to Step 17
1. With the J 38792-A sensor still installed in the same
position, activate/engage all-wheel drive.
2. Select a smooth, level road and slowly accelerate the
vehicle up to highway speed.
3. Observe the vehicle for disturbances that match the
customer's description and note the following conditions:
– The vehicle speed
16
– The engine RPM
– The transmission gear range and the specific gear
Go to Step 17
Go to “Vibration
Diagnostic Aids”
– The vibration frequency reading, if detected by the J
38792-A
– The feel and/or sound of the disturbance
4. If the vibration seems to excite a particular component of
the vehicle more than the steering column, then move the
J 38792-A sensor, if available, onto that component and
repeat steps 2 and 3.
Were you able to duplicate the customer's concern?
1. Accelerate the vehicle to a speed higher than the speed at
which the disturbance occurs.
NOTE
If the vehicle is equipped with a continuously
variable type automatic transmission, let the
17
vehicle coast to a stop before shifting back into
gear.
2. Shift the vehicle into NEUTRAL and allow the vehicle to
coast down through the disturbance range.
Does the disturbance still occur while coasting-down in
NEUTRAL?
Go to Step 19 Go to Step 18
Page 77
General Information: 0A-64
StepActionYesNo
1. Select a smooth, level road and slowly accelerate the
vehicle up to the speed at which the disturbance occurs.
2. Decelerate and safely downshift by one gear range.
18
3. Operate the vehicle at the same VEHICLE SPEED at
which the disturbance occurs.
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Hub and/or
Axle Input: ”
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Engine: ”
Does the same disturbance still occur while going the same
vehicle speed in a lower gear range?
If the J 38792-A is not available, refer to “Symptoms -
19
Vibration Diagnosis and Correction”.
Did the J 38792-A detect a dominant frequency?
Go to Step 20
Go to “Symptoms Vibration Diagnosis
and Correction”
1. If the J 38792-VS IS available, use the drive axle final
drive ratio, the specific transmission gear ratio, and the
engine RPM to make a comparison to the dominant
frequency reading recorded.
20
2. If the J 38792-VS is NOT available, compare the dominant
frequency reading recorded to the component rotational
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Tire and
Wheel: ”
Go to Step 21
data which you calculated previously.
Does the frequency data clearly fall within the tire/wheel
parameters ONLY?
Does the frequency data clearly fall within the propeller shaft
21
parameters ONLY?
Is the vehicle equipped with a solid drive axle?Go to “Symptoms -
22
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Driveline: ”
Vibration Diagnosis
and Correction”
Go to Step 22
Go to “Vibration
Analysis - Hub and/or
Axle Input: ”
Vibration Diagnostic Aids
NOTE
If you have not reviewed the Diagnostic
Starting Point - Vibration Diagnosis and
completed the Vibration Analysis tables as
indicated, refer to “Diagnostic Starting Point Vibration Diagnosis and Correction”
BEFORE proceeding.
The diagnostic information contained in this Diagnostic
Aids section will help you determine the correct course
of action to take for the following 4 main conditions.
Refer to the appropriate condition from this list:
• “Vibration Diagnostic Aids - Vibration Intermittent or
Not Duplicated”
• “Vibration Diagnostic Aids - Vibration Duplicated,
Component Not Identified”
• “Vibration Diagnostic Aids - Vibration Duplicated,
Difficult to Isolate/Balance Component”
• “Vibration Diagnostic Aids - Vibration Duplicated,
Appears to be Potential Operating Characteristic”
Vibration Diagnostic Aids - Vibration
Intermittent or Not Duplicated
NOTE
If you have not completed the Vibration
Analysis tables as indicated and reviewed
Vibration Diagnostic Aids, refer to “Vibration
Diagnostic Aids” BEFORE proceeding.
If you have not been able to duplicate the vibration
concern or have only been able to duplicate the concern
intermittently, review the following information.
Most vibration concerns that cannot be duplicated are
due to either specific conditions that are not present
during the duplicating attempts, or due to not following
the procedures designed to duplicate concerns properly
and in the sequence indicated.
Page 78
0A-65 General Information:
Specific Conditions Can Affect the Condition
Consider the following conditions which may not have
been present while attempts were made to duplicate the
vibration concern. Attempt to obtain more specific
information from the customer as to the EXACT
conditions that are present when they experience the
vibration which they are concerned about. Attempt to
duplicate the vibration concern again while recreating
the EXACT conditions necessary, except those which
pose a safety concern or are outside the boundaries of
normal operating conditions, such as loading the vehicle
beyond its designed weight ratings, etc.
Most attempts to duplicate a vibration concern are made
after the vehicle has been driven to the repair facility and
perhaps even sat inside the building for a time; the
vehicle may be too warm to detect the concern during
duplication efforts. The opposite could also occur;
perhaps the vehicle has sat out in the cold for a time and
fails to reach full operating temperatures during attempts
to duplicate the concern.
Temperature, Ground-Out, Accessory Load
Flat Spots on Tires
Tires which have sat and been cool for a time can
develop flat spots.
Irregular Wear on Tire Treads
Tires which have sat and been cool for a time will be
stiffer and any irregular wear conditions will be more
noticeable than they will be once the tires have warmed
and softened.
Exhaust System Growth
Exhaust systems may exhibit a ground-out condition
when cool which goes away once the system is hot. The
opposite may be true that the exhaust system is fine
when cool but a ground-out condition occurs once the
system reaches operating temperatures. Exhaust
systems can grow by 2½-5 cm (1-2 in) when hot.
Engine-Driven Accessory Noises
NOTE
When a stethoscope equipped with a probe is
used to assist in identifying possible
vibrating components, the results must be
compared to the sound quality of the same
accessory, in a equally-equipped, same
model year and type, KNOWN GOOD vehicle,
and under the same conditions. Refer to
“Vehicle-to-Vehicle Diagnostic Comparison”.
A stethoscope equipped with a probe can be used as an
additional means to assist in identifying accessories
which may be causing or contributing to a vibration
concern.
• Belt Whipping
An engine accessory drive belt, or belts could exhibit
a whipping condition if a belt is deteriorating and
deposits are building up on the underside of the belt.
• Loose Mounting Brackets or Component Ground-Out
Engine-driven accessories such as a generator, a
power steering pump, or an air conditioning
compressor could exhibit noise conditions due to
either loose mounting brackets or due to related
components of the system in a ground-out condition
during certain operation of that accessory system.
• Cold or Hot
Accessories could exhibit noise conditions when cool
which go away once they are fully warmed-up, or the
opposite may be true.
• Load on an Accessory Component
Accessories could exhibit a noise condition while
under a heavy load - perhaps when combined with a
cool or fully warmed-up condition.
• Bent or Misaligned Pulleys
Bent or mis-aligned pulleys in one or more enginedriven accessory systems could contribute to a noise
or vibration condition.
• Fluid Level in Accessory Systems
Accessories could exhibit a noise condition due to an
abnormal amount of fluid contained in the system of
which the accessory is a part. For example:
– An improper power steering fluid level could
produce noises in the power steering system.
– An improper air conditioning refrigerant level or an
excessive amount of refrigerant oil could produce
noises or possibly vibrations in the air conditioning
system.
• Incorrect Fluid Type in Accessory Systems
Accessories could exhibit a noise condition due to the
incorrect type of fluid contained in the system of which
the accessory is a part.
Vehicle Payload
The vibration concern may only occur when the vehicle
is carrying heavy payloads or towing a trailer; the vehicle
may have been empty during duplication efforts.
Heavy Payload
The vehicle may have been empty during attempts to
duplicate the vibration concern, but the customer may
actually experience the vibration concern while the
vehicle is carrying a large payload.
Trailer Towing
The customer may experience the vibration concern only
while towing a trailer.
Roadway Selection
The selection of roadways used to perform the vibration
duplication procedures is likely to be in the near vicinity
of the repair facility and may not provide a road surface
that is similar enough to the surface on which the
customer usually drives the vehicle.
The customer may only experience the vibration on a
particular roadway. Perhaps the roadway is overly
crowned or is very bumpy or rough.
Page 79
General Information: 0A-66
Vibration Diagnostic Aids - Vibration
Duplicated, Component Not Identified
NOTE
If you have not completed the Vibration
Analysis tables as indicated and reviewed
Vibration Diagnostic Aids, refer to “Vibration
Diagnostic Aids” BEFORE proceeding.
Aftermarket Add-On Accessories
Aftermarket accessories which have been added to the
vehicle can actually transmit and magnify INHERENT
component rotational frequencies, if the accessories
were not installed correctly.
An accessory should be installed in such a way that it is
isolated from becoming a possible transfer path into the
rest of the vehicle. For example, if a set of running
boards has been installed improperly and they are
sensitive to a particular frequency of a rotating
component, the running boards could begin to respond
to the frequency and actually create a disturbance once
the amplitude of the frequency reaches a high enough
point, probably at a higher vehicle speed.
If the same set of running boards were installed
properly—isolated properly—the transfer path would be
removed and the disturbance would no longer be
present.
Vibration Diagnostic Aids - Vibration
Duplicated, Difficult to Isolate/Balance
Component
NOTE
If you have not completed the Vibration
Analysis tables as indicated and reviewed
Vibration Diagnostic Aids, refer to “Vibration
Diagnostic Aids” BEFORE proceeding.
If you have duplicated the vibration concern but have
had difficulty in balancing a component or isolating a
component, refer to the following information.
Most vibration concerns are corrected or eliminated
through correcting excessive runout of a component,
correcting balance of a component, or isolating a
component which has come into abnormal contact with
another object/component.
Components which can generate a lot of energy and are
experiencing excessive runout, imbalance, or groundout can produce a vibration with a strong enough
amplitude that the vibration can transmit to components
which are closely related. This type of a condition is
usually related to and sensitive to torque-load. The most
likely system that could exhibit this type of a condition is
the driveline.
Driveline Torque-Load Conditions
An drive axle that has internal conditions such as
excessive runout of components, misalignment of
components, imbalance, etc., can produce vibration
concerns which may be transmitted into the propeller
shaft, or shafts. This sort of a vibration occurrence can
increase or decrease in severity based primarily upon
torque-load, but can also be affected by cold or hot
conditions.
The propeller shaft and other related components may
or may not pass inspections for wear or damage, runout,
alignment, etc., depending upon whether there is only
one vibration source or more than one.
Difficult to System Balance the Driveline
If after following the Vibration Analysis - Driveline table
you were instructed to system balance the driveline and
you experienced difficulty in doing so while CAREFULLY
following the procedures indicated—the EVA strobe
readings seem to keep changing—then the axle
differential to which the propeller shaft is attached should
be suspected to have internal problems which are being
transmitted to the propeller shaft. Refer to the drive axle
diagnosis information, for internal axle diagnostics.
Vibration Diagnostic Aids - Vibration
Duplicated, Appears to be Potential
Operating Characteristic
NOTE
If you have not completed the Vibration
Analysis tables as indicated and reviewed
Vibration Diagnostic Aids, refer to “Vibration
Diagnostic Aids” BEFORE proceeding.
Check Service Bulletins
If BOTH of the following statements are TRUE, then
check service bulletins for the condition identified. If the
condition has already been identified and investigated
prior to this vehicle, and has been determined to be
something that is not truly an operating characteristic or
that perhaps is not design-intent, there will likely be
adjustments or corrections identified which will address
the condition.
• You CAREFULLY followed the steps indicated
through reviewing the Diagnostic Starting Point Vibration Diagnosis and completing the Vibration
Analysis tables identified and you have duplicated the
vibration concern.
• You have come to the conclusion through comparison
with a very equally-equipped, same model year and
type, KNOWN GOOD vehicle that the customer's
concern is a condition that appears to be a potential
operating characteristic of the vehicle.
Page 80
0A-67 General Information:
Vibration in Service-Stall Test (Non-Torque
Sensitive)
Special tool
J 38792-A Electronic Vibration Analyzer (EVA) 2
!
CAUTION
Do not fill the propeller shaft with foam, oil,
or any other substance in order to correct a
vibration. Filling the propeller shaft is only
effective in reducing an unrelated condition
called Torsional Rattle. Filling the propeller
shaft should only be done in strict adherence
to the procedure outlined in corporate
bulletins that address Torsional Rattle.
Failure to follow the correct procedure will
induce a vibration and/or affect the structural
integrity of the propeller shaft. The propeller
shaft will then have to be replaced.
1. Turn the ignition ON but do not start the engine.
2. Place the transmission in NEUTRAL.
3. Raise and support the vehicle. Support the drive axle
or axles at curb height. Refer to “Lifting and Jacking
the Vehicle”.
4. Remove the tire and wheel assemblies from the
vehicle. Refer to “Tire and Wheel Removal and
Installation: ”.
5. Remove the brake rotors or drums, if equipped, from
the drive axle or axles.
6. Inspect the propeller shaft or shafts. All propeller
shafts should be free of undercoating before
continuing.
!
CAUTION
Do not depress the brake pedal with the
brake rotors and/or the brake drums
removed, or with the brake calipers
repositioned away from the brake rotors, or
damage to the brake system may result.
7. Have an assistant start the engine.
8. Place the transmission in the highest forward gear.
9. Accelerate and decelerate the vehicle through the
speed range at which the vibration was first noted
during the Vibration Analysis-Road Testing
procedure.
10. Record whether the vibration was present, and at
what speed.
11. If the vibration is present, determine which end of the
propeller shaft is vibrating the most. Hold the
vibration sensor of the J 38792-A Electronic
Vibration Analyzer (EVA) 2, up to the pinion nose
and the transmission or transfer case tailshaft
housing.
12. If the vehicle is equipped with a multiple-piece
propeller shaft, hold the vibration sensor of the J
38792-A up to the propeller shaft support bearing
assembly, or assemblies to inspect for vibration.
13. If the transmission or transfer case output shaft
housing is vibrating, hold the vibration sensor of the
J 38792-A up to the transmission crossmember
under the transmission mount. If there is no vibration
on the crossmember, then the transmission mount is
working properly.
14. Record which end of the propeller shaft is vibrating
the most, and how severe the vibration is. The
inspection will be a reference by which to judge
future progress.
Vibration in Service-Stall Test (Torque
Sensitive)
Special tool
J 38792-A Electronic Vibration Analyzer (EVA) 2
!
CAUTION
Do not fill the propeller shaft with foam, oil,
or any other substance in order to correct a
vibration. Filling the propeller shaft is only
effective in reducing an unrelated condition
called Torsional Rattle. Filling the propeller
shaft should only be done in strict adherence
to the procedure outlined in corporate
bulletins that address Torsional Rattle.
Failure to follow the correct procedure will
induce a vibration and/or affect the structural
integrity of the propeller shaft. The propeller
shaft will then have to be replaced.
1. Turn the ignition ON but do not start the engine.
2. Place the transmission in NEUTRAL.
3. Raise and support the vehicle. Support the drive axle
or axles at curb height. Refer to “Lifting and Jacking
the Vehicle”.
4. Remove the tire and wheel assemblies from the
vehicle. Refer to “Tire and Wheel Removal and
Installation: ”.
5. Remove the brake rotors or drums, if equipped, from
the drive axle or axles.
6. Hold the vibration sensor of the J 38792-A Electronic
Vibration Analyzer (EVA) 2, against the pinion nose.
!
CAUTION
Do not depress the brake pedal with the
brake rotors and/or the brake drums
removed, or with the brake calipers
repositioned away from the brake rotors, or
damage to the brake system may result.
Page 81
General Information: 0A-68
7. Have an assistant start the vehicle.
8. Place the transmission in the highest forward gear.
9. Accelerate and decelerate the vehicle through the
speed range at which the vibration was first noted
during the Vibration Analysis - Road Testing
procedure.
10. If a vibration is present, note the J 38792-A reading
during acceleration or deceleration.
11. Note as to whether or not the pinion nose vibrates
under load during acceleration or deceleration.
12. If the vibration is not reproduced, reinstall the brake
rotors and/or drums and the wheel/tire assemblies to
put an additional load on the system. Perform steps
7-11 and check the components again.
13. If the vibration is still not reproduced with rotors and/
or drums reinstalled, lightly apply the brakes to
further load the system while maintaining the
vibration concern speed.
14. If the pinion nose vibrates under acceleration or
deceleration, and other driveline components have
been eliminated as a cause, the vibration may be an
internal axle problem.
Control Module References
Control ModuleSchematicRepair InstructionProgramming and Setup
• “Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle Diagnostic Information”
• “Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List - Vehicle Diagnostic Information”
• “Symptoms - Vehicle Diagnostic Information”
Audio Amplifier“Radio/Navigation System
Schematics: ”
Auxiliary Blower Control
Module
Blower Control Module
Body Control Module“Body Control System
Digital Radio Receiver
Electronic Brake Control
Module (ABS)
Engine Control Module“Engine Controls
Heated Seat Control Module
Inflatable Restraint
Passenger Presence
System
Inflatable Restraint Sensing
and Diagnostic Module“SIR Schematics: ”
Inside Rearview Mirror
Instrument Panel Cluster“Instrument Cluster
Radio“Radio/Navigation System
Rear Differential Clutch
Control Module
“HVAC Schematics: ”
“HVAC Schematics: ”
Schematics: ”
“Radio/Navigation System
Schematics: ”
“Antilock Brake System
Schematics: ”
Schematics: ”
“Heated/Cooled Seat
Schematics: ”
“SIR Schematics: ”
“Inside Rearview Mirror
Schematics: ”
Schematics: ”
Schematics: ”
“All-Wheel Drive
Schematics: ”
“Amplifier Replacement: ”
“Auxiliary Blower Control
Module Replacement: ”
“Blower Motor Control
Module Replacement: ”
“Body Control Module
Replacement: ”
“Digital Radio Receiver
Replacement: ”
“Electronic Brake Control
Module Replacement: ”
“Engine Control Module
Replacement: ”
“Front Seat Heater Control
Module Replacement: ”
“Inflatable Restraint
Passenger Presence
System Replacement Front: ”
“Inflatable Restraint Sensing
and Diagnostic Module
Replacement: ”
“Rearview Mirror
Replacement: ”
“Instrument Cluster
Replacement: ”
“Radio Replacement: ”
“Rear Differential Clutch
Control Module
Replacement: ”
This device requires no
programming or setup
This device requires no
programming or setup
This device requires no
programming or setup
“Body Control Module
Programming and Setup: ”
“Digital Radio Receiver
Setup: ” after DRR
replacement
“Electronic Brake Control
Module Programming and
Setup: ”
“Engine Control Module
Programming and Setup: ”
“Service Programming
System (SPS)” after heated
seat control module
replacement
“Passenger Presence
System Programming and
Setup: ”
“Inflatable Restraint Sensing
and Diagnostic Module
Programming and Setup: ”
“Compass Calibration and
Magnetic Variance: ” after
rear view mirror
replacement
“Instrument Cluster
Programming and Setup: ”
“Radio Setup: ” after radio
replacement
“Rear Differential Clutch
Control Module
Programming and Setup: ”
Page 82
0A-69 General Information:
Control ModuleSchematicRepair InstructionProgramming and Setup
Remote Control Door Lock
Receiver
Sunroof Control Module
Theft Deterrent Module
Transmission Control
Module
“Remote Function
Schematics: ”
“Sunroof Schematics: ”
“Immobilizer Schematics: ”
“Automatic Transmission
Controls Schematics: ”
“Remote Control Door Lock
Receiver Replacement: ”
“Sunroof Control Module
Replacement: ”
“Theft Deterrent Module
Replacement: ”
“Transmission Control
Module Removal: ”
and
“Transmission Control
Module Installation: ”
“Transmitter Programming: ”
after RCDLR replacement
This device requires no
programming or setup
“Theft Deterrent Control
Module Programming and
Setup: ”
“Transmission Control
Module Programming and
Setup: ”
Page 83
General Information: 0A-70
Special Tools and Equipment
Substitute Special Tool Table
The substitute special tools below are usable instead of the special tools described in this manual.
NOTE
“—” indicates the substitute special tool is not available.
Engine
Special Tools Described in This ManualSubstitute Special Tools
EN-4611909916-14521
Off-Vehicle Valve Spring
Compressor Adapter
J-24460-0109918-78211
Cooling System Pressure
Tes te r
Valve Spring Compressor
Attachment
Radiator Cap Tester Kit
J-6125-1B09921-96010
Slide Hammer with AdapterOil Seal Remover & Slider
Page 84
0A-71 General Information:
Suspension
Special Tools Described in This ManualSubstitute Special Tools
J-4509709913-75821
Rear Control Arm Bushing
Remover
J-4540009943-25010
Strut Spring CompressorSpring Compressor
Bearing Installer Attachment
Driveline/Axle
Special Tools Described in This ManualSubstitute Special Tools
DT-4807409924-07710
Input and Output Shaft Seal
Installer
Synchronizer Hub Installer
Page 85
Special Tools Described in This ManualSubstitute Special Tools
J-3383209913-75821
Output Shaft Seal InstallerBearing Installer Attachment
J-8092
Driver Handle
General Information: 0A-72
J-3591009943-57010
Drive Axle Seal Clamp PliersBand Compressor
09943-57021
Pliers, Low-Profile Clamp
Page 86
0A-73 General Information:
Transmission/Transaxle
Special Tools Described in This ManualSubstitute Special Tools
J-2332709926-96040
Clutch Spring CompressorClutch Spring Compressor
No.8
J-3558209913-85210
Oil Pump Seal InstallerBearing Installer
J-4123609926-98350
Coast Clutch Spring
Compressor
J-4480909924-07730
Output Shaft Seal InstallerBearing Installer
Spring Compressor No.4
Page 87
Special Tools Described in This ManualSubstitute Special Tools
Electronic Vibration Analyzer (EVA)
Description and Operation
Special tool
J 38792-A Electronic Vibration Analyzer
The J 38792-A, electronic vibration analyzer (EVA), is a
12-volt powered hand-held device, similar to a scan tool,
which receives input from an attached vibration sensor
or accelerometer and displays the most dominate input
frequency(ies) (up to three) on its liquid crystal display.
The vibration concern frequency(ies) are obtained
through the use of the J 38792-A while following the
Vibration Analysis Diagnostic Tables. The frequency(ies)
obtained, when applied to the Vibration Analysis
Diagnostic Tables, are used as a primary input to help
determine the source of the vibration concern.
EVA Vibration Sensor
The J 38792-A vibration sensor incorporates a 6.1 m (20
ft) cord, that allows the sensor to be placed on virtually
any component of the vehicle where a vibration concern
is felt.
The J 38792-A contains 2 sensor input ports which can
be activated individually to allow for 2 individual vibration
sensor inputs. The vibration sensors can then be placed
in 2 different locations in the vehicle and their individual
inputs can be read without having to stop a test, move
the sensor and resume the test. The use of 2 vibration
sensors can help in more quickly finding and recording
an accurate frequency of the vibration concern, and in
more quickly making comparisons between 2 different
areas of a single component, or a vehicle system, during
the diagnostic process.
EVA Vibration Sensor Placement
Proper placement of the J 38792-A vibration sensor
(accelerometer) is critical to ensure that proper vibration
readings are obtained by the J 38792-A. The vibration
sensor should be placed on the specific vehicle
component identified as being the most respondent to
the vibration. If no component has been identified, install
the sensor to the steering column as a starting point.
EVA Vibration Sensor-to-Component Attachment
The vibration sensor of the J 38792-A is designed to
pickup disturbances which primarily occur in the vertical
plane, since most vibrations are felt in that same up-anddown direction. The J 38792-A vibration sensor is
therefore directional sensitive and must be attached to
vehicle components such that the side of the sensor
marked UP is always facing upright and the sensor body
is as close to horizontal as possible. The sensor must be
installed in the exact same position each time tests are
repeated or comparisons are made to other vehicles.
The J 38792-A vibration sensor can be attached to
vehicle components in various ways. For non-ferrous
surfaces, such as the shroud of a steering column, the
sensor can be attached using putty, or hook and loop
fasteners. For ferrous surfaces, the sensor can be
attached using a magnet supplied with the sensor.
EVA Software Cartridge
The J 38792-A uses a software cartridge, the J 3879260, which provides various information to the J 38792-A.
The J 38792-60 provides the J 38792-A with an
additional feature which can be selected and utilized to
assist in diagnosing vibration concerns.
NOTE
The Auto-Mode function of the J 38792-A
cartridge, J 38792-60, is designed to be used
in SUPPORT of the Vibration Analysis
Diagnostic Tables ONLY.
This support-feature is available through the J 38792-A
Auto-Mode function. When selected, the J 38792-A will
prompt the user to select which one of 2 vehicle systems
(vehicle speed or engine speed), is the SUSPECTED
source of the vibration concern. Using the inputted
vehicle data parameters along with the most dominate
vibration frequency obtained, it will identify a
SUSPECTED source of the vibration concern, such as
first-order tire and wheel. This can be a useful feature
when used in conjunction with the Vibration Analysis
Diagnostic Tables, to confirm results obtained through
the diagnostic process.
NOTE
The J 38792-A vibration sensor must be
attached to vehicle components in the
manner indicated in order to achieve
accurate frequency readings of the vibration
disturbance.
EVA Smart Strobe Function
The J 38792-A can be used to identify some rotating
components/systems which exhibit imbalance IF the
component rotational speed is the dominant frequency
of the vibration concern. The J 38792-A is equipped with
a strobe light trigger wire which can be used with an
inductive pickup timing light, J 38792-25, or equivalent
included with the J 38792-KIT, or available separately.
Using the Smart Strobe function enables the user to
input the vibration frequency to which the strobe will
flash. By marking the suspected rotating component,
such as a pulley, adjusting the strobe frequency to match
the dominant vibration frequency at the engine RPM
noted during diagnosis, and then operating the engine at
that specific RPM, the mark on the object will appear to
be stationary if that object is imbalanced.
Page 93
General Information: 0A-80
EVA Strobe Balancing Function
The J 38792-A can be used to identify the light spot on a
propeller shaft IF the propeller shaft rotational speed is
the dominant frequency of the vibration concern. The J
38792-A is equipped with a strobe light trigger wire
which can be used with an inductive pickup timing light, J
38792-25, or equivalent included with the J 38792-KIT,
or available separately, and in conjunction with the J
38792-A vibration sensor to identify the light spot on a
propeller shaft and to help in making a determination as
to when propeller shaft balance is obtained.
Averaging/Non-Averaging Modes
The EVA provides 2 modes of displaying the most
dominate frequencies which the EVA vibration sensor
(accelerometer) detects; averaging and non-averaging
(instantaneous).
The averaging mode uses multiple vibration samples
taken over a period of time and then displays the most
dominant frequencies which have been averaged-out.
Using the averaging mode minimizes the distractions
caused by a sudden vibration frequency being displayed
that is not related to the concern vibration, such as from
pot holes or from uneven road surfaces.
The non-averaging (instantaneous) mode is more
sensitive to vibration disturbances than the averaging
mode. Using the non-averaging mode will generate
instantaneous frequency displays which are not
averaged across multiple samples over a period of time;
the specific vibration frequencies that occur at a specific
moment during diagnostic testing will be displayed at
that moment. The non-averaging (instantaneous) mode
is useful when measuring a vibration disturbance that
exists for only a short period of time or during
acceleration/deceleration testing.
When operating the EVA in the averaging mode along
with the Auto Mode, “A” will be displayed along the top of
the screen to the left of the vibration sensor input port
being used. When operating the EVA in the averaging
mode and the Manual Mode, “AVG” will be displayed
along the top center of the screen.
When operating the EVA in the non-averaging
(instantaneous) mode along with the Auto Mode, “I” will
be displayed along the top of the screen to the left of the
vibration sensor input port being used. When operating
the EVA in the non-averaging (instantaneous) mode and
the Manual Mode, the top center of the screen will be
blank.
EVA Display
The most dominant input frequencies, up to three,
received from the J 38792-A vibration sensor, are
displayed in descending order of amplitude strength.
The frequency readings are displayed along the left side
of the screen, followed to the right by either a bar graph
or the suspected source of the vibration - depending
upon the mode selected, then the amplitude reading for
each frequency along the right side of the screen. The
top row of the screen indicates the units of measure
being displayed for the frequencies along the left side
and for the amplitudes along the right side. The top row
also indicates the vibration sensor input port which was
selected on the keypad (A or B) and which mode was
selected: averaging or non-averaging (instantaneous).
The frequency(ies) can be displayed in either revolutions
per minute (RPM) or revolutions per second; Hertz (Hz).
The selected display type (RPM or Hz) will be indicated
at the left side of the screen, above the frequency
readings.
When the AUTO MODE function is not in use, a bar
graph is displayed next to each frequency to provide a
quick visual indication of the relative amplitude strength.
When the AUTO MODE function is being used, the
suspected source of the vibration is displayed next to
each frequency to provide support to the diagnostic
process.
The actual amplitude strength of each frequency is
displayed at the right side of the screen and shown in
G’s-of-acceleration force.
Page 94
0A-81 General Information:
Vibrate Software Description and Operation
The J 38792-VS, Vibrate Software, is a computer
software program which is designed to be used in
support of the Vibration Analysis diagnostic tables, along
with the J 38792-A, Electronic Vibration Analyzer (EVA)
and a scan tool, to help in determining the source of a
vibration concern. The J 38792-VS is designed to
provide quick calculations and produce a chart of the
rotational speeds and frequency ranges for specific
vehicle systems and components, based upon vehicle
data parameters inputted by the user.
The J 38792-VS uses the vehicle data parameters, such
as axle ratio, number of engine cylinders, etc. to create
the base chart, depicting the relationships of the various
vehicle systems and/or components. The chart view can
be modified to show data related to vehicle speed only,
engine speed only, or both vehicle speed and engine
speed. The user can then plot the dominant frequency
reading obtained on the J 38792-A which correlates with
the vibration concern, and the engine RPM obtained on
a scan tool which correlates with the concern. Once
these pieces of data are correctly plotted, the chart will
point to the source of the vibration concern, which
should confirm the results obtained through the following
the Vibration Analysis diagnostic tables.
Due to the limited diagnostic capability, limited
availability and increasing costs of the reed tachometer,
it is NOT recommended as the primary tool to use in
diagnosing a vibration concern.
When diagnosing a vibration concern, use the J 38792A, electronic vibration analyzer (EVA). The J 38792-A
has been designed to overcome the shortcomings to the
reed tachometer. Refer to “Electronic Vibration Analyzer
(EVA) Description and Operation”.
Special Tools - Squeaks and Rattles
IllustrationTool Number/ Description
J 39570
Chassis Ear
Reed Tachometer Description
The reed tachometer consists of 2 rows of reeds
arranged side-by-side. Each reed is tuned to vibrate or
resonate when it is excited by a specific frequency. The
reeds are arranged by their specific resonant frequency,
increasing from left to right, ranging from 10-80 Hz. This
arrangement allows for a visual display of the most
dominate frequencies which fall within this range.
The reed tachometer can be a helpful diagnostic tool,
however it is extremely sensitive to external inputs that
are not related to the vibration concern, such as rough
road surfaces, etc., and it is difficult to master its use.
Due to these conditions, the reed tachometer has limited
diagnostic capability.
J 41416
Ultrasonic Leak Detector
Special Tools and Equipment - Vibration
Diagnosis and Correction
IllustrationTool Number/Description
J 7872
Magnetic Base Dial
Indicator Set
Page 95
General Information: 0A-82
IllustrationTool Number/Description
J 8001
Dial Indicator Set
J 23409
Dial Indicator Extension - 7
5/8 in
IllustrationTool Number/Description
J 38792-A
Electronic Vibration
Analyzer 2
J 38792-VS
Vibrate Software
J 23498-A
Driveshaft Inclinometer
J 23498-20
Driveshaft Inclinometer
Adapter
J 35819
Flange Runout Gage
J 38792-20
20-Foot Timing Light
Power Cord Extension
J 38792-25
Inductive Pickup Timing
Light
J 38792-27
6-Foot EVA Power Cord
Extension
Page 96
0B-1 Maintenance and Lubrication:
Maintenance and Lubrication
Scheduled Maintenance
Maintenance Items
The Normal Maintenance Replacement Parts information will only be found in the Owner's Manual. Refer to the
Maintenance Schedule subsection of the Owner's Manual.
You may be able to use the Search information function using the words Replacement Parts.
Maintenance Schedule (North American Emissions)
The Maintenance Schedule information will only be found in the Owner's Manual.
Refer to the Maintenance Schedule subsection of the Owner's Manual, or you may be able to use the Search
information function using the words Scheduled Maintenance.
Oil Life System Resetting
When the system has calculated that oil life has been diminished, it will indicate that an oil change is necessary. A
CHANGE ENGINE OIL light will come on. Change the engine oil as soon as possible within the next 600 miles (1 000
km). It is possible that, if driving under the best conditions, the oil life system may not indicate that an oil change is
necessary for over a year. However, the engine oil and filter must be changed at least once a year and at this time the
system must be reset.
If the system is ever reset accidentally, change the engine oil at 3,000 miles (5 000 km) since last oil change.
How to Reset the Engine Oil Life System
The Engine Oil Life System calculates when to change the engine oil and filter based on vehicle use.
Anytime the oil is changed, reset the system so it can calculate when the next oil change is required. If a situation
occurs where the oil is changed prior to a CHANGE ENGINE OIL SOON message being turned on, reset the system.
1. Press the vehicle information button on the driver information center (DIC) until OIL LIFE REMAINING displays.
2. Press and hold the Set/Reset button on the DIC for more than 5 seconds. The oil life will change to 100 percent.
If the light or message comes back on and stays on when you start the vehicle, the Engine Oil Life System has not
reset. Repeat the procedure.
Specifications
Approximate Fluid Capacities
The following approximate capacities are given in English and metric conversions. See “Fluid and Lubricant
Recommendations” for more information. All capacities are approximate. When adding, be sure to fill to the
approximate level, as recommended in this manual. Recheck fluid level after filling.
Application
Cooling System10.0 liters10.6 quarts
Engine Oil with Filter
The Recommended Fluids and Lubricants information will only be found in the Owner's Manual. Refer to the
Maintenance Schedule subsection of the Owner's Manual.
You may be able to use the Search information function using the words Fluids or Lubricants.