Sutter Instrument LB10-3, Lambda 10-3 Operation Manual

Lambda 10

Lambda 10----3

Lambda 10Lambda 10

Optical Filter Changer and

Optical Filter Changer and Optical Filter Changer and

SmartShutter

SmartShutter™ Control System

SmartShutterSmartShutter

Operation Manual

Operation ManualOperation Manual

Rev. 3.03 ( 20110829)

™ Control System

™ Control System™ Control System

One Digital Drive

Novato, CA 94949

Voice: 415-883-0128 Web: www.sutter.com Fax: 415-883-0572 Email: info@sutter.com

LAMBDA 10 ® is a registered trademark, and SmartShutter™ is a trademark, both of Sutter Instrument Company.

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

iii

DIS C LAIM ER

DIS C LAIM ERDIS C LAIM ER

The Lambda 10

Lambda 10----3333 is an optical filter switcher and shutter controller designed for the specific

Lambda 10Lambda 10

use of changing filters into and out of an optical pathway and no other use is recommended.

This instrument is designed for use in a laboratory environment. It is not intended, nor should it be used in human experimentation or applied to humans in any way. This is not a medical device.

Do not open or attempt to repair the instrument. Extreme heat and high voltages are present and could cause injury.

Do not allow unauthorized and/or untrained operative to use this device.

Any misuse will be the sole responsibility of the user/owner and Sutter Instrument Company assumes no implied or inferred liability for direct or consequential damages from this instrument if it is operated or used in any way other than for which it is designed.

SAFE TY W ARNI N GS A ND

SAFE TY W ARNI N GS A ND PREC AUTI ONS

SAFE TY W ARNI N GS A ND SAFE TY W ARNI N GS A ND

Electrical

ElectricalElectrical

PRECA UTIO NS

PRECA UTIO NSPRECA UTIO NS



Operate the Lambda 10

Operate the Lambda 10----3 using 110

Operate the Lambda 10Operate the Lambda 10 voltage.

voltage. This instrument is designed for connection to a standard laboratory power outle

voltage. voltage. (Overvoltage Category II), and because it is a microprocessor

(Overvoltage Category II), and because it is a microprocessor--

(Overvoltage Category II), and because it is a microprocessor(Overvoltage Category II), and because it is a microprocessor be accorded the same system wiring precautions as any 'computer type' system. A surge

be accorded the same system wiring precautions as any 'computer type' system. A surge

be accorded the same system wiring precautions as any 'computer type' system. A surge be accorded the same system wiring precautions as any 'computer type' system. A surge protector and power regulator are recommended.

protector and power regulator are recommended.

protector and power regulator are recommended.protector and power regulator are recommended.

 Fuse Replacement:

A spare fuse is located in the power input module. Please refer to the fuse

A spare fuse is located in the power input module. Please refer to the fuse----replacement

A spare fuse is located in the power input module. Please refer to the fuseA spare fuse is located in the power input module. Please refer to the fuse appendix for more details on fuse ratings and for instructions on how to change the fuse.

appendix for more details on fuse ratings and for instructions on how to change the fuse.

appendix for more details on fuse ratings and for instructions on how to change the fuse. appendix for more details on fuse ratings and for instructions on how to change the fuse.

Avoiding Electrical Shock and Fire

Avoiding Electrical Shock and Fire----related Injury

Avoiding Electrical Shock and FireAvoiding Electrical Shock and Fire



grounded outlet (3

grounded outlet (3----prong). This is required to protect you from injury in the event th

grounded outlet (3grounded outlet (3 an electrical hazard occurs.

an electrical hazard occurs.

an electrical hazard occurs.an electrical hazard occurs.



Do not disassemble the system. Refer servicing to qualified personnel.

Do not disassemble the system. Refer servicing to qualified personnel.Do not disassemble the system. Refer servicing to qualified personnel.



This instrument is designed for connection to a standard laboratory power outlet

This instrument is designed for connection to a standard laboratory power outleThis instrument is designed for connection to a standard laboratory power outle

Fuse Replacement: Replace

Fuse Replacement: Fuse Replacement:

T3.15A, 250V,

T3.15A, 250V, 5 x 20mm, Time Delay fuse

T3.15A, 250V, T3.15A, 250V,

(Examples: Bussmann GDC

(Examples: Bussmann GDC----3.15A or S506

(Examples: Bussmann GDC(Examples: Bussmann GDC

Always use the grounded power supply cord set provided to connect the system to a

Always use the grounded power supply cord set provided to connect the system to a Always use the grounded power supply cord set provided to connect the system to a

To prevent fire or shock hazard do not expose the unit to rain or moisture.

To prevent fire or shock hazard do not expose the unit to rain or moisture. To prevent fire or shock hazard do not expose the unit to rain or moisture.

3 using 110----120 V AC, 60 Hz, or 220

3 using 1103 using 110

Replace only with the same type and rating:

Replace Replace 5 x 20mm, Time Delay fuse (IEC 60127

5 x 20mm, Time Delay fuse 5 x 20mm, Time Delay fuse

Littelfuse 218 3.15 or 218 3.15P (RoHS))

Littelfuse 218 3.15 or 218 3.15P (RoHS)) Littelfuse 218 3.15 or 218 3.15P (RoHS))

prong). This is required to protect you from injury in the event that

prong). This is required to protect you from injury in the event thprong). This is required to protect you from injury in the event th

120 V AC, 60 Hz, or 220----240 V AC., 50 Hz line

120 V AC, 60 Hz, or 220120 V AC, 60 Hz, or 220

only with the same type and rating:

only with the same type and rating: only with the same type and rating:

(IEC 60127----2, Sheet III)

(IEC 60127(IEC 60127

3.15A or S506----3333.15R (RoHS); or

3.15A or S5063.15A or S506

related Injury

related Injuryrelated Injury

240 V AC., 50 Hz line

240 V AC., 50 Hz line 240 V AC., 50 Hz line

--controlled device, it should

controlled device, it should

----

controlled device, it should controlled device, it should

2, Sheet III)

2, Sheet III)2, Sheet III)

.15R (RoHS); or

.15R (RoHS); or.15R (RoHS); or

replacement

replacement replacement

at at

t t

Optical Radiation

Optical RadiationOptical Radiation

This system is designed for use in conjunction with high

This system is designed for use in conjunction with high----intensity light sources. Failure to

This system is designed for use in conjunction with highThis system is designed for use in conjunction with high comply with any of the following precautions may result in injury to the users of this device

comply with any of the following precautions may result in injury to the users of this device

comply with any of the following precautions may result in injury to the users of this device comply with any of the following precautions may result in injury to the users of this device as well as those working in the general area

as well as those working in the general area near the device.

as well as those working in the general area as well as those working in the general area

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

near the device.

near the device.near the device.

intensity light sources. Failure to

intensity light sources. Failure to intensity light sources. Failure to



Electromagnetic Interference

Electromagnetic InterferenceElectromagnetic Interference

To comply with FDA and CE electromagnetic immunity and interference standards; and to

To comply with FDA and CE electromagnetic immunity and interference standards; and to To comply with FDA and CE electromagnetic immunity and interference standards; and to reduce the electromagnetic couplin

reduce the electromagnetic coupling between this and other equipment in your lab always

reduce the electromagnetic couplinreduce the electromagnetic couplin use the type and length of interconnect cables provided with the unit for the interconnection

use the type and length of interconnect cables provided with the unit for the interconnection

use the type and length of interconnect cables provided with the unit for the interconnection use the type and length of interconnect cables provided with the unit for the interconnection of one or more filter wheels and/or shutters, h

of one or more filter wheels and/or shutters, host computer via serial RS

of one or more filter wheels and/or shutters, hof one or more filter wheels and/or shutters, h interface, or othe

interface, or other equipment via TTL connections

interface, or otheinterface, or othe appendix for more details).

appendix for more details).

appendix for more details).appendix for more details).

Never look into the optical pathway of the high intensity light sources typically used

Never look into the optical pathway of the high intensity light sources typically used Never look into the optical pathway of the high intensity light sources typically used

with this instrument. Doing so can cause permanent eye damage.

with this instrument. Doing so can cause permanent eye damage.with this instrument. Doing so can cause permanent eye damage.

The high

The high----intensity light sources typically used with this instrument also produce a

The highThe high

ssssignificant amount of heat. Direct contact with the housing of those instruments can

ignificant amount of heat. Direct contact with the housing of those instruments can

ignificant amount of heat. Direct contact with the housing of those instruments can ignificant amount of heat. Direct contact with the housing of those instruments can

cause serious burns.

cause serious burns.cause serious burns.

The SmartShutter is Not a Safety Shutter:

The SmartShutter is Not a Safety Shutter: Sutter Instrument Co.’s SmartShutter is

The SmartShutter is Not a Safety Shutter: The SmartShutter is Not a Safety Shutter:

not i

not intended to be a ‘safety shutter.’ A safety shutter usually closes automatically in the

ntended to be a ‘safety shutter.’ A safety shutter usually closes automatically in the

not inot i

ntended to be a ‘safety shutter.’ A safety shutter usually closes automatically in the ntended to be a ‘safety shutter.’ A safety shutter usually closes automatically in the

event of a power failure and is designed with the primary goal of ensuring that it will not

event of a power failure and is designed with the primary goal of ensuring that it will not event of a power failure and is designed with the primary goal of ensuring that it will not allow any unintended exposure. For laser safety applications, a shutter is no

allow any unintended exposure. For laser safety applications, a shutter is normally

allow any unintended exposure. For laser safety applications, a shutter is noallow any unintended exposure. For laser safety applications, a shutter is no designed so that no single component failure allows an unintended exposure to the laser

designed so that no single component failure allows an unintended exposure to the laser

designed so that no single component failure allows an unintended exposure to the laser designed so that no single component failure allows an unintended exposure to the laser beam. The SmartShutter is intended for use in the controlling of light in scientific and

beam. The SmartShutter is intended for use in the controlling of light in scientific and

beam. The SmartShutter is intended for use in the controlling of light in scientific and beam. The SmartShutter is intended for use in the controlling of light in scientific and industrial applications. The SmartShutter was designed for high performa

industrial applications. The SmartShutter was designed for high performance and

industrial applications. The SmartShutter was designed for high performaindustrial applications. The SmartShutter was designed for high performa durability, but without certain features that would be desirable in a safety shutter

durability, but without certain features that would be desirable in a safety shutter

durability, but without certain features that would be desirable in a safety shutter durability, but without certain features that would be desirable in a safety shutter application.

application.

application. application.

intensity light sources typically used with this instrument also produce a

intensity light sources typically used with this instrument also produce a intensity light sources typically used with this instrument also produce a

Sutter Instrument Co.’s SmartShutter is

Sutter Instrument Co.’s SmartShutter is Sutter Instrument Co.’s SmartShutter is

rmally

rmally rmally

nce and

nce and nce and

g between this and other equipment in your lab always

g between this and other equipment in your lab always g between this and other equipment in your lab always

ost computer via serial RS----232 or parallel

ost computer via serial RSost computer via serial RS

r equipment via TTL connections (see the TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

r equipment via TTL connectionsr equipment via TTL connections

(see the TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

(see the TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS (see the TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

232 or parallel

232 or parallel 232 or parallel

Operational

OperationalOperational

Failure to comply with any of the following precautions may

Failure to comply with any of the following precautions may damage this device.

Failure to comply with any of the following precautions may Failure to comply with any of the following precautions may



This instrument is designed for operation in a laboratory environment (Pollution Degree

This instrument is designed for operation in a laboratory environment (Pollution Degree This instrument is designed for operation in a laboratory environment (Pollution Degree I).

I).

I).I).



This unit is not designed for operation at altitudes above 2000 meters nor was it tested

This unit is not designed for operation at altitudes above 2000 meters nor was it tested This unit is not designed for operation at altitudes above 2000 meters nor was it tested for safety above 2000 meters.

for safety above 2000 meters.

for safety above 2000 meters.for safety above 2000 meters.



DO NOT CONNECT OR DISC

DO NOT CONNECT OR DISCONNECT THE CABLES BETWEEN THE

DO NOT CONNECT OR DISCDO NOT CONNECT OR DISC

CONTROLLER AND THE MECHANICAL UNITS WHILE POWER IS ON.

CONTROLLER AND THE MECHANICAL UNITS WHILE POWER IS ON. CONTROLLER AND THE MECHANICAL UNITS WHILE POWER IS ON.

ONNECT THE CABLES BETWEEN THE

ONNECT THE CABLES BETWEEN THE ONNECT THE CABLES BETWEEN THE

damage this device.

damage this device. damage this device.

Please allow at least 20 seconds after turning the unit off before disconnecting the

Please allow at least 20 seconds after turning the unit off before disconnecting the Please allow at least 20 seconds after turning the unit off before disconnecting the mechanical units. Failure to do this may result in damage to the electronics.

mechanical units. Failure to do this may result in damage to the electronics.

mechanical units. Failure to do this may result in damage to the electronics.mechanical units. Failure to do this may result in damage to the electronics.



Oper

Operate only in a location where there is a free flow of fresh air on all sides.

ate only in a location where there is a free flow of fresh air on all sides.

OperOper

ate only in a location where there is a free flow of fresh air on all sides. ate only in a location where there is a free flow of fresh air on all sides.

NEVER ALLOW THE FREE FLOW OF AIR TO BE RESTRICTED.

NEVER ALLOW THE FREE FLOW OF AIR TO BE RESTRICTED.NEVER ALLOW THE FREE FLOW OF AIR TO BE RESTRICTED.

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DISCLAIMER

DISCLAIMER ................................

DISCLAIMERDISCLAIMER

SAFETY WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIO

SAFETY WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

SAFETY WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIOSAFETY WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIO

Electrical .................................................................................................................................................iii

Avoiding Electrical Shock and Fire-related Injury.............................................................................iii

Optical Radiation ...................................................................................................................................iii

Electromagnetic Interference...............................................................................................................iv

Operational .............................................................................................................................................iv

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

1. GENERAL INFORMATION ................................

1. GENERAL INFORMATION1. GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................1

1.1.1 How to use this Manual.............................................................................................................1

1.1.2 Technical Support......................................................................................................................1

1.2 General Description..........................................................................................................................1

1.3 Filter Wheel.......................................................................................................................................2

1.3.1 Mechanical Description .............................................................................................................2

1.3.2 Filter Wheels...............................................................................................................................3

1.3.2.1 Mechanical Description.......................................................................................................4

1.3.3 Filters...........................................................................................................................................4

1.3.4 Slide-in or Drop-in Filter Holders............................................................................................5

1.3.5 Shutters.......................................................................................................................................5

1.3.6 SmartShutter Mounts ...............................................................................................................6

1.3.7 Cables ..........................................................................................................................................6

1.3.8 Devices for TTL-Control of Shutters .......................................................................................6

Adapters................................................................................................................................................6

1.4 SmartShutter ....................................................................................................................................7

1.4.1 Step Motor Based Shutter Advantages....................................................................................7

1.4.2 Modes...........................................................................................................................................9

1.4.3 Special Considerations.............................................................................................................10

1.4.3.1 Mounting............................................................................................................................10

1.4.3.2 Opening and Closing Times .............................................................................................10

1.4.3.3 Repetition Rates and Duty Cycle.....................................................................................11

1.5 Controller.........................................................................................................................................12

1.5.1 Principles of Operation............................................................................................................12

1.5.2 Rear Panel Connectors ............................................................................................................12

1.5.3 Front Panel Controls...............................................................................................................15

1.5.3.1 Power Switch.....................................................................................................................15

1.5.3.2 Keypad................................................................................................................................15

1.5.3.3 Display ................................................................................................................................16

1.6 Options and Accessories.................................................................................................................16

1.6.1 Supported Filter Wheel and Shutter Configurations...........................................................16

1.7 Functional Description...................................................................................................................17

1.7.1 Stepping Motor Operation ......................................................................................................17

................................................................

NS................................

................................................................

NSNS

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...........1111

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iii

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iii

iiiiii

2. INSTALLATION

INSTALLATION ................................

2.2.

INSTALLATION INSTALLATION

2.1 Unpacking........................................................................................................................................19

................................................................

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

................................................................

............................................................

................................................................

............................19

........................................................

1919

2.2 Pre-Installation Considerations ....................................................................................................20

2.2.1 Vibrations..................................................................................................................................20

2.3 Installing the Filter Wheel.............................................................................................................21

2.4 Filter Wheel Assembly....................................................................................................................22

2.5 Loading Filters................................................................................................................................23

2.5.1 Filter Orientation.....................................................................................................................23

2.5.2 Filter Cups and Filter Holders................................................................................................23

2.5.3 Installation of Filters into Filter Holders..............................................................................25

2.5.4 Installation of Filters into Filter Cups...................................................................................27

2.6 Filter Loading Tips.........................................................................................................................29

2.6.1 Selection of a Filter Position...................................................................................................29

2.6.2 Use of Blanking Discs ..............................................................................................................29

2.6.3 Neutral Density Filters............................................................................................................29

2.7 Shutter Options...............................................................................................................................29

2.8 Mounting a SmartShutter in a Lambda LS.................................................................................30

3. OPERATIONS

OPERATIONS ................................

3.3.

OPERATIONS OPERATIONS

3.1 First Time Use ................................................................................................................................31

3.1.1 Line Power (Mains)..................................................................................................................31

3.2 Basic Operation...............................................................................................................................32

3.2.1 Initialization .............................................................................................................................32

3.3 Make It Go.......................................................................................................................................32

4. OPERATIONS: MANUAL CONTROL

OPERATIONS: MANUAL CONTROL................................

4.4.

OPERATIONS: MANUAL CONTROL OPERATIONS: MANUAL CONTROL

4.1 Power -Up Sequence.......................................................................................................................35

4.2 Setting the Position of the Active Filter Wheel...........................................................................36

4.3 Toggling Shutter States (S1 and S2) ............................................................................................36

4.4 Displaying the Main Menu.............................................................................................................36

4.5 Selecting Various Modes and Configurations with the MODE Key .........................................36

4.6 Selecting the Active Filter Wheel for Manual Control (MODE 1) ............................................37

4.7 Selecting the Speed for the Active Filter Wheel (MODE 2).......................................................37

4.8 Selecting Shutter TTL Control (MODE 3) ..................................................................................38

4.8.1 Enabling Shutter TTL Control (MODE 3 1 or MODE 3 3)................................................38

4.8.2 Determining the Shutter TTL Control Mode (MODE 3 1 1|2|3 or MODE 3 3 1|2|3)...38

4.9 Selecting a Test Mode (MODE 4)..................................................................................................39

4.10 Selecting SmartShutter Modes (MODE 5) ................................................................................39

4.10.1 Setting a SmartShutter to Neutral Density Mode.............................................................39

4.11 Saving and Restoring SmartShutter Mode Configurations (MODE 6)..................................40

4.12 New Menus as of Lambda 10-3 Firmware Rev. 1.21 ................................................................40

4.12.1 Setting Power-up Defaults (MODE 7).................................................................................40

4.12.1.1 Setting the Speed Defaults for Wheels A, B, & C (MODE 7 1 1|2|3 [0 – 7])............40

4.12.1.2 Setting the Position (Filter) Defaults for Wheels A, B, & C (MODE 7 1 5|6|7 [0 –

7]).....................................................................................................................................................41

4.12.1.3 Setting the Default Communications Port (MODE 7 1 4).........................................41

4.12.1.4 Setting the Current SmartShutter Mode as the Default (MODE 7 1 8 1|2)............41

4.12.1.5 Resetting All to Factory Defaults (MODE 7 2)............................................................41

................................................................

.........................................................

................................................................

................................31

................................................................

.........................35

..................................................

3131

3535

5. EXTERNAL COMMAND CONTROL

EXTERNAL COMMAND CONTROL OPERATIONS OVERVIEW

5.5.

EXTERNAL COMMAND CONTROL EXTERNAL COMMAND CONTROL

5.1 Input Command Structure............................................................................................................43

5.1.1 Command Descriptions ...........................................................................................................43

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

OPERATIONS OVERVIEW ................................

OPERATIONS OVERVIEWOPERATIONS OVERVIEW

..........................................

................................................................

..........43

....................

4343

vii

5.2 Filter Wheel Commands ................................................................................................................47

5.2.1 Filter Wheel Command Byte Encoding.................................................................................49

5.3 Shutter Commands.........................................................................................................................49

5.3.1 Open Shutter A ........................................................................................................................51

5.3.2 Open Shutter A Conditionally ................................................................................................51

5.3.3 Close Shutter A.........................................................................................................................51

5.3.4 Open Shutter B ........................................................................................................................51

5.3.5 Open Shutter B Conditionally ................................................................................................51

5.3.6 Close Shutter B.........................................................................................................................51

5.3.7 Open Shutter C.........................................................................................................................51

5.3.8 Open Shutter C Conditionally ................................................................................................51

5.3.9 Close Shutter C.........................................................................................................................51

5.3.10 Fast-Mode Shutter.................................................................................................................51

5.3.11 Soft-Mode Shutter..................................................................................................................51

5.3.12 Neutral Density Mode Shutter.............................................................................................51

5.4 Special Commands..........................................................................................................................52

5.4.1 Batch Start and Batch End.....................................................................................................53

5.4.2 Status.........................................................................................................................................53

5.4.3 All Motors Power On ...............................................................................................................55

5.4.4 All Motors Power Off...............................................................................................................56

5.4.5 Batch Transfer..........................................................................................................................56

5.4.6 Transfer to On Line.................................................................................................................56

5.4.7 Transfer to Local......................................................................................................................56

5.4.8 Reset ..........................................................................................................................................56

5.4.9 Get Controller Type and Configuration ................................................................................56

5.5 Shutter Control without Remote Commands via Dedicated TTL Line ...................................57

5.6 Remote Control Command Programming...................................................................................58

5.6.1 Preparing the Command Byte................................................................................................58

5.6.1.1 Encoding Filter Commands Into a Single Byte..............................................................58

5.6.1.2 Shutter or Special Commands .........................................................................................59

5.6.2 Command Transmission Protocol..........................................................................................59

5.6.2.1 Confirmation Command Echo.........................................................................................59

5.6.2.2 Command Completion Indicator .....................................................................................59

6. EXTERNAL SERIAL RS

EXTERNAL SERIAL RS----232 INTERFACE CONTROL

6.6.

EXTERNAL SERIAL RS EXTERNAL SERIAL RS

6.1 Connecting to the Serial Port........................................................................................................61

6.2 Input Command Set and Protocol ................................................................................................62

7. EXTERNAL USB INTERFACE CONTROL

EXTERNAL USB INTERFACE CONTROL ................................

7.7.

EXTERNAL USB INTERFACE CONTROL EXTERNAL USB INTERFACE CONTROL

7.1 Installing the Lambda 10-3 as a USB Device on a Windows System using the Standard

Device Driver.........................................................................................................................................63

7.1.1 Installation Steps .....................................................................................................................64

7.1.2 Interactive USB Device Driver Installation..........................................................................65

7.2 Installing the Lambda 10-3 as a USB Device on a Windows System using CDM (Combined

Driver Model) Device Driver................................................................................................................67

7.3 Installing the USB interface for non-Windows systems.............................................................68

7.4 Verifying USB Communication between Remote Computer and Lambda 10-3 .....................68

7.5 Uninstalling the USB Driver for the Lambda 10-3.....................................................................70

7.6 Remote Commands and the USB Interface.................................................................................71

232 INTERFACE CONTROL................................

232 INTERFACE CONTROL232 INTERFACE CONTROL

................................................................

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

.............................................................

................................................................

................................................

................................................................

.............................61

..........................................................

................63

................................

6161

6363

viii

8. EXTERNAL PARALLEL I

EXTERNAL PARALLEL INTERFACE CONTROL

8.8.

EXTERNAL PARALLEL I EXTERNAL PARALLEL I

8.1 Connecting to the Parallel Port Interface....................................................................................73

8.2 Input Command Structure............................................................................................................74

8.2.1 Filter Commands......................................................................................................................75

8.2.2 Special Commands: ON LINE, BATCH, and SHUTTER Commands .............................76

8.3 Output Command Structure: BUSY and ERROR lines............................................................76

8.4 Strategies for Controlling the Lambda 10-3 via the Parallel Port ............................................77

8.4.1 Using Input Lines Only...........................................................................................................77

8.4.2 Using Fewer than Eight Input Lines.....................................................................................77

8.4.3 Using the BUSY Line ..............................................................................................................78

8.4.4 Using the ERROR Line...........................................................................................................78

8.5 Using a Computer’s Parallel (Printer) Port.................................................................................78

8.5.1 Connecting to the PC Parallel (Printer) Port.......................................................................79

8.5.2 Input Command Structure .....................................................................................................80

8.5.3 Output Command Structure: BUSY and ERROR Lines....................................................81

8.6 Dedicated TTL Line........................................................................................................................82

9. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS: EXTERNAL LOGIC LEVEL (TTL) SHUTTER CONTROL

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS: EXTERNAL LOGIC LEVEL (TTL) SHUTTER CONTROL

9.9.

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS: EXTERNAL LOGIC LEVEL (TTL) SHUTTER CONTROL OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS: EXTERNAL LOGIC LEVEL (TTL) SHUTTER CONTROL

................................

................................................................

9.1 Using the Computer’s Parallel Port for Control.........................................................................85

9.2 Enabling/Disabling and Setting the Type of TTL IN Control...................................................87

................................................................

NTERFACE CONTROL................................

NTERFACE CONTROLNTERFACE CONTROL

................................................................

..............................................................

................................................................

....................................

................................................................

..............................85

............................................................

....73

........

7373

8585

10. MAINTENANCE

10. MAINTENANCE................................

10. MAINTENANCE10. MAINTENANCE

11. TROUBLESHOOTING

11. TROUBLESHOOTING................................

11. TROUBLESHOOTING11. TROUBLESHOOTING

11.1 Filter Wheel Error Detection and Recovery ..............................................................................91

11.2 Filter Wheel Movement Errors: Causes and Solutions...........................................................91

11.2.1 Filter Weight vs. Speed..........................................................................................................91

11.2.2 Oscillation when Stopping ....................................................................................................91

11.2.3 Oscillations when Moving .....................................................................................................91

11.2.4 Movement Errors after Successive Moves ..........................................................................92

11.3 Helpful Tips about Filter Wheel Movement Errors..................................................................92

11.4 SmartShutter Movement Errors: Causes and Solutions ........................................................92

11.4.1 SmartShutter Movement Errors after Successive Moves .................................................92

APPENDIX A. LIMITED WARRANTY

APPENDIX A. LIMITED WARRANTY................................

APPENDIX A. LIMITED WARRANTYAPPENDIX A. LIMITED WARRANTY

APPENDIX B.

APPENDIX B. ACCESSORIES

APPENDIX B.APPENDIX B.

B.1. Filter Wheels..................................................................................................................................97

B.2. SmartShutter.................................................................................................................................98

APPENDIX C. FUSE REPLACEMENT

APPENDIX C. FUSE REPLACEMENT................................

APPENDIX C. FUSE REPLACEMENTAPPENDIX C. FUSE REPLACEMENT

APPENDIX D. TECHNICAL SPECIF

APPENDIX D. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

APPENDIX D. TECHNICAL SPECIFAPPENDIX D. TECHNICAL SPECIF

D.1. Controller.....................................................................................................................................101

D.2. Filter Wheel, 25 mm (1”): ..........................................................................................................105

D.3. Filter Wheel, 32 mm (1.27”):.....................................................................................................105

D.4. SmartShutter, 25 mm (1 in) (standalone):...............................................................................105

D.5. SmartShutter, 35 mm (1.38 in) (standalone):..........................................................................106

ACCESSORIES ................................

ACCESSORIES ACCESSORIES

................................................................

ICATIONS................................

ICATIONSICATIONS

................................................................

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................................................................

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............................................................

................................................................

.........................................

................................................................

...........................................................

................................................................

.........................................

................................................................

..........................89

....................................................

................91

................................

............................95

........................................................

.........97

..................

...........................99

......................................................

.........101

..................

8989

9191

9595

9797

9999

101

101101

APPENDIX F. EXTERNAL CONTROL COMMAND REFERENCE

APPENDIX F. EXTERNAL CONTROL COMMAND REFERENCE ................................

APPENDIX F. EXTERNAL CONTROL COMMAND REFERENCEAPPENDIX F. EXTERNAL CONTROL COMMAND REFERENCE

INDEX

INDEX................................

INDEXINDEX

................................................................

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

................................................................

..........................................

................................................................

...............................................

................................................................

...............117

..............................

..........107

107

....................

107107

117

117117

TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1. Lambda 10-3 filter wheel (without shutter). .......................................................................3

Figure 1-2. Lambda 10-3 filter wheel housing (with shutter). ..............................................................3

Figure 1-3. Lambda 10-3 filter wheel housing with SmartShutter.......................................................3

Figure 1-4. 25mm SmartShutter (standalone)........................................................................................8

Figure 1-5. 35mm SmartShutter (standalone)........................................................................................8

Figure 1-6. 25mm SmartShutter mounted on the housing of a 25mm Filter Wheel. ........................9

Figure 1-7. 35mm SmartShutter mounted on 32mm Filter Wheel Assembly. ...................................9

Figure 1-8. SmartShutter timing............................................................................................................11

Figure 1-9. Generation 1 rear panel electrical connections. ................................................................12

Figure 1-10. Generation 2 rear panel electrical connections...............................................................13

Figure 1-11. Generation 3 rear panel electrical connections)..............................................................13

Figure 1-12. Generation 4 rear panel electrical connections...............................................................13

Figure 1-13. Lambda 10-3 front panel controls.....................................................................................15

Figure 2-1. Schematic diagram of two possible experimental configurations. ..................................21

Figure 2-2. Filter wheel-mounting stand...............................................................................................22

Figure 2-3. Filter wheel connection.......................................................................................................23

Figure 2-4. Filter holder components.....................................................................................................24

Figure 2-5. Changing filters in the Slide-In Filter Holder. ..................................................................25

Figure 2-6. Removing the retaining ring................................................................................................26

Figure 2-7. Assembly order of filter holder parts.................................................................................26

Figure 2-8. Filter ports (plug is removed from the loading port). .......................................................28

Figure 3-1. Lambda 10-3 cabinet (rear view) showing power connection and fuse. .........................31

Figure 3-2. Power switch (front panel). .................................................................................................31

Figure 3-3. Power connection..................................................................................................................32

Figure 6-1. Serial port pin assignments.................................................................................................61

Figure 7-1. The USB cable device connector.........................................................................................64

Figure 7-2. The Lambda 10-3 USB receptacle. .....................................................................................64

Figure 7-3. Host connector end of USB cable........................................................................................65

Figure 7-4 -- USB host receptacle on remote computer.......................................................................65

Figure 7-5 New USB device detected message box...............................................................................65

Figure 7-6 -- Digital Signature dialog box..............................................................................................66

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

Figure 7-7 -- Specifying location of driver files......................................................................................66

Figure 7-8 Browsing for the driver file needed......................................................................................67

Figure 7-9 USBTest main screen..........................................................................................................69

Figure 8-1. Location of parallel port on rear of Lambda 10-3 controller cabinet..............................73

Figure 8-2. Parallel interface DB-25 connector on the Lambda 10-3.................................................73

Figure 8-3. PC parallel (printer) port.....................................................................................................79

Figure 9-1. Location of TTL IN jumpers on the Lambda 10-3 controller board. ..............................86

Figure 9-2. TTL IN jumpers detail.........................................................................................................87

Figure 11-1. Rear view of the Lambda 10-3 showing the power entry module and fuse location...99

TABLE OF TABLES

Table 2-1. Maximum allowable filter thickness. ...................................................................................25

Table 4-1. Filter switching times (in milliseconds)...............................................................................38

Table 4-2. Factory defaults for filter wheels, SmartShutters, and communications ports..............42

Table 5-1. Remote control command categories. ..................................................................................43

Table 5-2. Remote Control Commands..................................................................................................44

Table 5-3. Command Code Ranges.........................................................................................................47

Table 5-4. Filter Command Structure....................................................................................................48

Table 5-5. Shutter commands. ................................................................................................................49

Table 5-6. Special command codes..........................................................................................................52

Table 5-7. Status command return codes and data. .............................................................................53

Table 5-8. “Get Controller Type and Configuration” command return codes and data. .................57

Table 8-1. Lambda 10-3 Parallel Interface Pin Assignments..............................................................74

Table 8-2. Filter command structure. ....................................................................................................75

Table 8-3. PC and Lambda 10-3 parallel port pin assignments ..........................................................80

Table 8-4. PC printer adapter addresses................................................................................................81

Table 8-5. Computer parallel port commands for TTL control of shutters. ......................................83

Table 9-1. Commands for PC parallel port control of dedicated TTL line.........................................85

Table D-1. Lambda 10-3 pre-2010 version controller cables..............................................................101

Table D-2. Lambda 10-3 2010 version controller cables. ...................................................................103

Table F-3. Complete Command Reference. .........................................................................................107

Table F-4. Filter command structure...................................................................................................112

Table F-5. Status command return codes and data............................................................................113

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

Table F-6. Get Controller Type and Configuration command return data. ....................................115

TABLE OF LISTINGS

Listing 8-1. Batch transfer via PC parallel port program....................................................................76

Listing 8-2. Program to obtain the Lambda 10-3 status on the PC parallel port..............................81

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

xii

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LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

1. G ENER AL I NFOR M ATIO N

GEN E RAL INFO RMATI ON

1.1.

GEN E RAL INFO RMATI ONG ENERA L IN FORM ATION

1.1

1.1 Introduction

Introduction

1.11.1

IntroductionIntroduction

The Lambda 10-3 is a filter wheel and shutter control system designed for the rapid change and aperture control of wavelength, and is comprised of two subsystems: 1) a controller, and

2) a combination of filter wheels and shutters that are placed in the optical pathway(s) of your existing experimental setup. The controller is microprocessor-controlled with capability of delivering power and control signals to one to two filter wheels, and optionally to one to two integrated shutters. Each integrated shutter may be a SmartShutter or a conventional shutter. Each of the two filter wheel/shutter combinations may also consist of a standalone filter wheel and a standalone SmartShutter. A third standalone filter wheel (without integrated shutter) is also supported. In the latest revision of the Lambda 10-3, the third standalone filter wheel may be replaced with a standalone SmartShutter.

1.1.1

1.1.1 How to use this Manual

How to use this Manual

1.1.11.1.1

How to use this ManualHow to use this Manual

Installation of the filter wheel and filters is discussed in the FILTER WHEEL section, SmartShutter installation is discussed in the SMARTSHUTTER section, and installation and manual operation of the controller are discussed in the CONTROLLER section. This unit supports a SmartShutter three filter wheels are also supported, two of which may be equipped with shutters. Finally, the remote operation of the Lambda 10-3 through its serial and USB ports is discussed in the REMOTE CONTROL sections.

SmartShutter or a traditional shutter. Up to two shutters are supported. Up to

SmartShutterSmartShutter

1.1.2

1.1.2 Technical Support

Technical Support

1.1.21.1.2

Technical SupportTechnical Support

Unlimited technical support is provided by Sutter Instrument Company at no charge to our customers. Our technical support staff is available between the hours of 8:00 AM and 5:00 PM (Pacific Time) at (415) 883

1.2

1.2 General Description

General Description

1.21.2

General DescriptionGeneral Description

The Lambda 10-3 is a microprocessor controlled, high-speed filter wheel system designed for microscopy and other applications that require rapid and accurate wavelength switching. The Lambda 10-3 controller can control two filter wheels each with a high-speed shutter and a third filter wheel without a shutter, and features both USB and serial RS-232 input for remote control.

The controller is designed around an embedded microcontroller, which automatically determines the equipment installed. The electronics for controlling a shutter are already installed, even if you did not order that option. If you add a shutter later, there are no additional electronics to buy, although you may need to configure the circuit board for the size of shutter if you wish to install a UNIBLITZ shutter.

The controller can run up to three filter wheels, up to two of which can be equipped with a shutter, or different combinations of filter wheels and standalone smart shutters, all under remote control through a USB or serial input using the same simple protocol as the previous Lambda 10- 2 controller with only minor differences. The USB and the serial RS-232 interfaces use the exact same remote control command set. Some important considerations

(415) 883----0128

(415) 883(415) 883

0128. You may also E-mail your queries to info@sutter.com

01280128

info@sutter.com.

info@sutter.cominfo@sutter.com

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

about using a combination of input sources (e.g., the keypad and the Serial port) are discussed in the Remote Control section of this manual.

The following instructions are meant to help you set up the Lambda 10-3 and become familiar with the manual mode of filter selection. Other sections of this manual contain detailed discussions on the functionality of the controller, how filters are installed, and setting up remote control communications.

The LAMBDA SmartShutter

LAMBDA SmartShutter is a microprocessor controlled, high-speed shutter designed for

LAMBDA SmartShutter LAMBDA SmartShutter microscopy and other applications that require a shutter function. The Lambda 10-3 controller can control two SmartShutters. Shutters are commonly used to turn off a light source in order to prevent photo bleaching or other photo damage. In addition, they may be used to select between multiple light sources or light paths, such as transmitted light versus fluorescence excitation. SmartShutters, in particular, have the ability to be placed into one of several modes. These modes determine the way the actual shutter action works: Fast Mode, Soft Mode, and Neutral Density Mode. Fast Mode provides for the fastest open/close action of the shutter. Soft Mode, is slightly slower than Fast Mode, and provides for a somewhat gradual open/close action, as well as being quieter. Neutral Density Mode allows for the control of the aperture of the open state of the shutter – between 1 and 144 microsteps may be selected for the Neutral Density Mode. Neutral Density Mode also provides for the control of light intensity without affecting the wavelength.

The primary use of the shutter is as an accessory to the Lambda 10 series of filter wheels, but it is also used as a stand-alone piece for the transmitted light arm of inverted microscopes. The electro-mechanical shutters actuated by solenoids have been used by most optical manufacturers for decades, and have some outstanding features. They act quickly, they can be driven by simple electronics, and the package is quite thin. However, these units are prone to frequent failures and usually cannot be repaired. There is effectively no warranty from the manufacturer for the end user. Although they can produce short bursts of operation at 30 Hertz, they will overheat and fail quickly if this rate of opening is maintained. These shutters also produce a good deal of vibration and audible noise.

1.3

1.3 Filter Wheel

Filter Wheel

1.31.3

Filter WheelFilter Wheel

1.3.1

1.3.1 Mechanical Description

Mechanical Description

1.3.11.3.1

Mechanical DescriptionMechanical Description

The basic components of the filter wheel mechanical assembly are shown in following figures. The only components that are to be removed by the user are the drop-in or slide-in filter holders and the plug in the loading port. At no time should the user remove the cover plate from the wheel housing.

1. 10-position wheel (removed from motor hub)

2. Installed filter cup

3. Wheel housing

4. Cover plate (removed from wheel housing

5. Stepper motor

6. Drop-in filter holder (Figure 1-1) or slide-in filter holder (Figure 1-2)

7. Mounting ears

8. Optical port

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

9. Loading port (plug installed)

10. Shutter housing

Figure 1-1. Lambda 10-3 filter wheel (without shutter).

Figure 1-2. Lambda 10-3 filter wheel housing (with shutter).

Figure 1-3. Lambda 10-3 filter wheel housing with SmartShutter.

1.3.2

1.3.2 Filter Wheels

Filter Wheels

1.3.21.3.2

Filter WheelsFilter Wheels

When a Lambda 10-3 Filter Wheel system is purchased, its configuration may include one filter wheel, with or without a shutter. If the Lambda 10-3 system is purchased with a 10position 25mm (1-inch) filter wheel, you may wish to exchange the filter wheel with a 10position 32mm or a 5-position 50mm filter wheel. If the filter wheel being replaced is a 10position 32mm filter wheel equipped with a 35mm shutter (UNIBLITZ® or SmartShutter),

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

then Lambda 10-3 controller must be modified by Sutter Instrument Co. before said filter wheel with shutter is connected. If the 32mm filter wheel is not equipped with a shutter, or if installing a 50mm filter wheel, then no modification to the Lambda 10-3 controller is needed. Note that

Note that you must

Note that Note that

you must only

you mustyou must

only use filter wheels manufactured by Sutter Instrument Company.

onlyonly

use filter wheels manufactured by Sutter Instrument Company. All

use filter wheels manufactured by Sutter Instrument Company. use filter wheels manufactured by Sutter Instrument Company. filter wheel options are listed in Sutter Instrument’s catalogue and web site (http://www.sutter.com), and in the following list.

LB10



10----position, 25mm fil

position, 25mm filter wheels

1010

position, 25mm filposition, 25mm fil



4444----position, 25mm filter wheels:

position, 25mm filter wheels:

position, 25mm filter wheels:position, 25mm filter wheels:



10----position 32mm filter wheels:

position 32mm filter wheels:

1010

position 32mm filter wheels:position 32mm filter wheels:



5555----position 50mm filter wheel

position 50mm filter wheel::::

position 50mm filter wheelposition 50mm filter wheel

ter wheels::::

ter wheelster wheels

LB10----NW (without shutter)

LB10LB10 LB10

LB10----NWIQ (with 25mm SmartShutter (IQ25

LB10LB10 LB10

LB10----NWS (with UNIBLITZ® shutter)

LB10LB10 LB10

LB10----NWE (without shutter and set up for emission)

LB10LB10 LB10

LB10----WHS4 (without shutter)

LB10LB10 LB10

LB10----WHS4IQ (with SmartShut

LB10LB10 LB10

LB10----WHS4E (without shutter and set up for

LB10LB10 emission)

emission)

emission)emission) LB10

LB10----W32 (without shutter)

LB10LB10 LB10

LB10----NW32IQ (with 35mm SmartShutter (IQ35

LB10LB10 LB10

LB10----W32S (with 35mm UNIBLITZ® shutter)

LB10LB10 LB10

LB10----W50 (without shu

LB10LB10

NW (without shutter)

NW (without shutter)NW (without shutter) NWIQ (with 25mm SmartShutter (IQ25----W2))

NWIQ (with 25mm SmartShutter (IQ25NWIQ (with 25mm SmartShutter (IQ25 NWS (with UNIBLITZ® shutter)

NWS (with UNIBLITZ® shutter)NWS (with UNIBLITZ® shutter) NWE (without shutter and set up for emission)

NWE (without shutter and set up for emission)NWE (without shutter and set up for emission) WHS4 (without shutter)

WHS4 (without shutter)WHS4 (without shutter) WHS4IQ (with SmartShutter)

WHS4IQ (with SmartShutWHS4IQ (with SmartShut WHS4E (without shutter and set up for

WHS4E (without shutter and set up for WHS4E (without shutter and set up for

W32 (without shutter)

W32 (without shutter)W32 (without shutter) NW32IQ (with 35mm SmartShutter (IQ35----W))

NW32IQ (with 35mm SmartShutter (IQ35NW32IQ (with 35mm SmartShutter (IQ35 W32S (with 35mm UNIBLITZ® shutter)

W32S (with 35mm UNIBLITZ® shutter)W32S (with 35mm UNIBLITZ® shutter) W50 (without shutter).

W50 (without shuW50 (without shu

tter).

tter).tter).

ter)

ter)ter)

W2))

W2))W2))

W))

W))W))

1.3.2.1 Mechanical Description

1. 10-position wheel (removed from motor hub)

2. Installed filter cup

3. Wheel housing

4. Cover plate (removed from wheel housing

5. Stepper motor

6. Drop-in filter holder (Figure 1-1) or slide-in filter holder (Figure 1-2)

7. Mounting ears

8. Optical port

9. Loading port (plug installed)

10. Shutter housing

1.3.3

1.3.3 Filters

Filters

1.3.31.3.3

FiltersFilters

The Lambda 10-3 Controller can be used with a range of filter wheels. Most of these wheels accept both 25 mm and 1-inch diameter filters. When larger filters are required, wheels are available that accept 32 mm and 50 mm diameter filters.

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

Filter wheels designed for use with 1 inch or 25 mm filters will accept filters with a thickness that does not exceed the following dimensions:



4.5 mm (0.18 in.) for Slide

4.5 mm (0.18 in.) for Slide----in filter holders

4.5 mm (0.18 in.) for Slide4.5 mm (0.18 in.) for Slide



5.38 mm (0.21 in.) for Drop

5.38 mm (0.21 in.) for Drop----in filter holders

5.38 mm (0.21 in.) for Drop5.38 mm (0.21 in.) for Drop



9 mm (0.35 in.) for Filter cups

9 mm (0.35 in.) for Filter cups9 mm (0.35 in.) for Filter cups

in filter holders

in filter holdersin filter holders

in filter holders

in filter holdersin filter holders

Filter wheels designed for use with 32 mm filters will accept filters with a thickness that does not exceed the following dimensions:



9 mm (0.35 in.) for Filter cups

9 mm (0.35 in.) for Filter cups9 mm (0.35 in.) for Filter cups

Instructions for installing filters into the filter wheel can be found in the FILTER WHEEL chapter of this manual. Filters are not supplied by Sutter Instrument Company but filters conforming to the above

conforming to the above specifications can be purchased from any filter manufacturer.

conforming to the above conforming to the above

1.3.4

1.3.4 Slide

Slide----in or Drop

1.3.41.3.4

in or Drop----in Filter Holders

SlideSlide

in or Dropin or Drop

Filters are not supplied by Sutter Instrument Company but filters

Filters are not supplied by Sutter Instrument Company but filters Filters are not supplied by Sutter Instrument Company but filters

specifications can be purchased from any filter manufacturer.

specifications can be purchased from any filter manufacturer.specifications can be purchased from any filter manufacturer.

in Filter Holders

in Filter Holdersin Filter Holders

Many users prefer having extra Slide-in or Drop-in filter holders for more convenient replacement of these “fixed” filters. Only use filter holders made by Sutter Instrument Company in the Lambda 10

Company in the Lambda 10----3 Filter Wheel.

Company in the Lambda 10Company in the Lambda 10

3 Filter Wheel. Extra filter holders for one-inch wheels are

3 Filter Wheel. 3 Filter Wheel.

Only use filter holders made by Sutter Instrument

Only use filter holders made by Sutter Instrument Only use filter holders made by Sutter Instrument

readily available from Sutter Instrument Company or their distributors and are listed as “SLIDE-IN” and “DROP-IN” in the Sutter catalogue. At this point, there are no slide-in filter holders for 32 mm systems, although a 32-mm Drop-in filter holder is available. In addition, there is a fixed filter position for a heat-blocking filter in most 32-mm microscope adapters offered by Sutter Instrument Company. Slide-in and drop-in filter holders are not available for the 50 mm filter wheels.

1.3.5

1.3.5 Shutters

Shutters

1.3.51.3.5

ShuttersShutters

If you purchase a Lambda 10-3 Filter Wheel system without a shutter and later decide to add one to the system, the Filter Wheel must be returned to the factory for the upgrade. The current version of the Lambda 10-3 Filter Wheel controller can support a retrofit with a SmartShutter or traditional shutter, without modification. The installation of a traditional shutter may require the setting of a jumper to configure the driver circuit for the size of shutter installed. You must contact Sutter Instrument Company or your distributor for details

contact Sutter Instrument Company or your distributor for details.

contact Sutter Instrument Company or your distributor for detailscontact Sutter Instrument Company or your distributor for details

You must only use shutters installed by Sutter Instrument Company

You must You must

only use shutters installed by Sutter Instrument Company --

only use shutters installed by Sutter Instrument Company only use shutters installed by Sutter Instrument Company

----

In addition to the shutters that are integrated with filter wheels listed previously under “Filter Wheels”, the following SmartShutters are supported by the Lambda 10-3:

IQ12

IQ12----SA

SA 12.5mm SmartShutter™ with stand-alone housing

IQ12IQ12

SASA

IQ25

IQ25----SA1

SA1 25mm SmartShutter™ with stand-alone housing

IQ25IQ25

SA1SA1

IQ25

IQ25----LS

LS 25mm SmartShutter™ with housing to fit Lambda LS

IQ25IQ25

LSLS

IQ25

IQ25----DG

DG 25mm SmartShutter™ with housing to fit Lambda DG-4/DG-5

IQ25IQ25

DGDG

IQ35

IQ35----SA

SA 35mm SmartShutter™ with stand-alone housing

IQ35IQ35

SASA

IQ50

IQ50----SA

SA 50mm SmartShutter™ with stand-alone housing

IQ50IQ50

SASA

NOTE: Where vignetting may be an issue in a 25mm optical pathway environment, a 35mm

NOTE: Where vignetting may be an issue in a 25mm optical pathway environment, a 35mm NOTE: Where vignetting may be an issue in a 25mm optical pathway environment, a 35mm SmartShutter is recommended.

SmartShutter is recommended.

SmartShutter is recommended.SmartShutter is recommended.

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

1.3.6

1.3.6 SmartShutter Mounts

SmartShutter Mounts

1.3.61.3.6

SmartShutter MountsSmartShutter Mounts

An 8-32 screw-mount hole exists on the edge of the SmartShutter opposite the motor, into which may be attached a mounting post of any desired length. When the SmartShutter is mounted on a post using this screw-mount hole, the exact center of the shutter aperture is precisely aligned with the vertical center of the post. Posts of various lengths are available from Sutter Instrument Co. This post, along with posts of other dimensions, as well as post holders and bases, are available from most laboratory equipment suppliers.

A SmartShutter can also be mounted on a Sutter Instrument Co. Filter Wheel with a special enclosure, as well as with other Sutter Instrument Co. products, such as the Lambda LS, Lambda DG-4, Lambda DG-5, and various Lambda 10 series Filter Wheel controllers. Please consult with Sutter Instrument Co.’s Technical Support for the different configuration possibilities.

1.3.7

1.3.7 Cables

Cables

1.3.71.3.7

CablesCables

A special cable is required for connecting a standalone SmartShutter to Ports A and B of the Lambda 10-3. The CIQ-2 cable is a split cable consisting of one DB-25 connector at the main end (for connecting to the “SmartShutter” connector A or B on the rear of the Lambda 10-3 cabinet) and a DB-9 connector at each of the split ends. One split end is shorter than the other. When connecting a single standalone SmartShutter to the Lambda 10-3 Port A or B, the SmartShutter connects to the DB-9 connector of the longer split, and a terminator is required to be attached to the DB-9 connector of the shorter split.

NOTE: Dual SmartShutters connected with the CIQ

NOTE: Dual SmartShutters connected with the CIQ----2

NOTE: Dual SmartShutters connected with the CIQNOTE: Dual SmartShutters connected with the CIQ not supported. However, the CIQ

not supported. However, the CIQ----2 cable can be used to connect a single standalone

not supported. However, the CIQnot supported. However, the CIQ SmartShutter to the 25

SmartShutter to the 25----pin “SmartShutter” connector f

SmartShutter to the 25SmartShutter to the 25

pin “SmartShutter” connector for port bay A or B.

pin “SmartShutter” connector fpin “SmartShutter” connector f

2 cable can be used to connect a single standalone

2 cable can be used to connect a single standalone 2 cable can be used to connect a single standalone

2 cable connected to the Lambda 10

cable connected to the Lambda 10----3 is

2 2

cable connected to the Lambda 10cable connected to the Lambda 10

or port bay A or B.

or port bay A or B.or port bay A or B.

3 is

3 is 3 is

When connecting a standalone SmartShutter to a correctly-configured Port C of the Lambda 10-3, only a standard DB-9-to-DB-9 cable is required. Note that older generations of the Lambda 10-3 do not support a shutter on Port C.

1.3.8

1.3.8 Devices fo

Devices for TTL

1.3.81.3.8

Devices foDevices fo

r TTL----Control of Shutters

r TTLr TTL

Control of Shutters

Control of ShuttersControl of Shutters

Two devices are available from Sutter Instrument for the TTL control of shutters that are attached to the Lambda 10-3.

FSWITCH:

FSWITCH: A foot switch with BNC connector. It changes the ON/OFF state of the

FSWITCH:FSWITCH:

shutter with each foot press. The state is maintained as long as the switch remains depressed.

FSTOGGLE:

FSTOGGLE:FSTOGGLE:

Adapters

AdaptersAdapters

Like the FSWITCH, but alternates the ON/OFF state with each foot press.

Most microscopes, cameras, light sources and other optical instruments to which the Lambda 10-3 Filter Wheel may be interfaced will require some sort of adapter to link the devices. Adapters for interfacing the Filter Wheel to most instruments are available from Sutter Instrument Company or can be custom built by Sutter Instrument. Suitable adapters are available from other sources, as well, but Sutter Instrument Company assumes no

available from other sources, as well, but Sutter Instrument Company assumes no

available from other sources, as well, but Sutter Instrument Company assumes no available from other sources, as well, but Sutter Instrument Company assumes no responsibility for the performance, suitability, and safety of adapters built by the user or

responsibility for the performance, suitability, and safety of adapters built by the user or

responsibility for the performance, suitability, and safety of adapters built by the user or responsibility for the performance, suitability, and safety of adapters built by the user or other manufacturers.

other manufacturers.

other manufacturers.other manufacturers.

Suitable adapters are

Suitable adapters are Suitable adapters are

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

1.4

1.4 SmartShutter

SmartShutter

1.41.4

SmartShutterSmartShutter

The SmartShutter is a lightweight motor-driven aluminum vane under microprocessor control. Because of the microprocessor control, the motion of the vane can be tailored for different roles. The vane starts and stops under motor control, eliminating the sharp jolt typical of other fast shutters.

1.4.1

1.4.1 Step Motor Based Shutter Advantages

Step Motor Based Shutter Advantages

1.4.11.4.1

Step Motor Based Shutter AdvantagesStep Motor Based Shutter Advantages

The new step motor-based shutter is made from a handful of parts, any of which can be replaced if it fails. The speed of opening and closing of the shutter is practically the same as the traditional shutters, and the mechanism is more robust. The shutter blade is stopped by action of the motor rather than by mechanical stops that might fail. Because the motion profile of the shutter is controlled by a microprocessor, the motion can be optimized for speed or for smoothness. The microprocessor-based controller also offers the potential for a very adaptable controller, which could include additional functions and modes of operation. If the electronics fail, the motor can be disconnected and the blade set open or closed by hand. Operation does not require over-driving the windings, so it can maintain operation at up to 40 Hz continuously. The unit can operate on modest voltages, which are typically available in the Lambda 10 series controllers. The package size is comparable to the traditional shutters and can be customized when needed.

Another advantage of step motor-based shutter is the ability to control the aperture of shutter blade in its opened state. This mode is called Neutral Density and is used to control the intensity of the light coming through the opened shutter without affecting the light’s wavelength. The neutral density aperture size of the shutter is determined by the number of microsteps (1 through 144) specified for the motor to open the shutter.

The following instructions describe how to set up the Lambda SmartShutter and selecting filters in manual mode. More detailed discussions on the controller functions, installing filters, and remote communications are found in other sections of this manual.

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

Figure 1-4. 25mm SmartShutter (standalone).

Figure 1-5. 35mm SmartShutter (standalone).

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

Figure 1-6. 25mm SmartShutter mounted on the housing of a 25mm Filter Wheel.

The following figure shows a 35mm SmartShutter mounted on a 32mm Filter Wheel housing.

Figure 1-7. 35mm SmartShutter mounted on 32mm Filter Wheel Assembly.

1.4.2

1.4.2 Modes

Modes

1.4.21.4.2

ModesModes

The Lambda 10-3 supports three modes of operation for the SmartShutter.



Fast Mode:

In the fast mode the motion is optimized for the fastest open and close times,

both of which will be about 8 msec.



Soft Mode:

The soft mode offers even less vibration at the expense of slower open and

close times.

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

Neutral Density Mode:

In this mode the user selects the extent to which the shutter opens. When used with the Sutter Instrument light guide system (LLG), this allows the light output from the light guide to be attenuated without changing its wavelength or spatial distribution. The value for opening can be selected in steps from 1 (no opening) to 144 (complete opening).

1.4.3

1.4.3 Special Considerations

Special Considerations

1.4.31.4.3

Special ConsiderationsSpecial Considerations

The new step motor-based SmartShutter is made from a handful of parts, any of which can

be replaced for service. The SmartShutter can open or close in about 8 msec...., and the

mechanism is robust. The shutter blade is stopped by action of the motor rather than by mechanical stops that might fail. Because the motion profile of the shutter is controlled by a microprocessor, the motion can be optimized for speed or for smoothness. The microprocessor-based controller also offers additional functions and modes of operation. If the electronics fail, the motor can be disconnected and the blade set open or closed by hand.

1.4.3.1 Mounting

When a 25 mm SmartShutter is to be mounted to a Lambda 10 filter wheel, a special version of the SmartShutter is supplied which will attach directly to the slide-in filter housing. The C-mount threads in the SmartShutter housing will accept the standard Sutter microscope adapters.

When a 35 mm SmartShutter is mounted to a 32 mm Lambda 10 series filter wheel, a special adapter threads into the filter wheel T-mount, on to which the SmartShutter is mounted. The 35 mm SmartShutter has a receptacle for the flange on the end of this T-mount tube and this allows the SmartShutter to mount to the flange on the end of the tube in many different orientations. On the other side of the SmartShutter a similar rotating mount accepts an adapter that is used to couple to our standard microscope adapters. It is possible to install a T-mount instead, if desired.

1.4.3.2 Opening and Closing Times

The SmartShutter has a typical time to open of 8 milliseconds, from the point a complete command or TTL signal is received. The time to close is also eight milliseconds. This is true for both the 25 mm and the 35 mm versions operating in the fast mode. Note that the controller will not accept new commands or TTL pulses in the FAST mode for about 12 msec after a command has been received. The additional time is required for display changes and other overhead.

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Figure 1-8. SmartShutter timing.

The timing of a

SmartShutter is shown in the figure above. The bottom trace is a TTL signal,

the middle trace is a 25 mm SmartShutter, and the upper trace is a 35 mm SmartShutter.

Operation is slower in the ND (Neutral Density) and SOFT modes. In the SOFT mode, the SmartShutter has a typical time to open of 60 msec. from the point a complete command or TTL signal is received. The time to close is also 60 msec. This is true for both the 25 mm and the 35 mm versions. In the ND mode, the time to open and the time to close will depend on the number of steps selected. For a complete opening of 144 steps, the time to open and the time to close will each be about 38 msec. The time required will be approximately proportional to the number of steps, or about 2.6 msec per 10 steps.

1.4.3.3 Repetition Rates and Duty Cycle

Operation does not require over-driving the motor windings, so the motor windings are not damaged by frequent opening and closing over long time periods. 25 mm (one inch) versions can usually operate well at up to 20 Hz. 35 mm versions can usually operate well at up to 15 Hz. These shutters may be operated at higher rates up to 40 Hz, but there will normally be specific frequencies in the higher ranges that will produce errors in motion of the shutter blade. This is the result of resonances in the mechanical and electrical systems.

If the duty cycle is substantially different from 50%, errors in movement may occur at lower frequencies. At 40 Hz, the cycle time is 25 msec., with 12.5 msec. between open and close

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

commands. This is close to the absolute minimum time in either the open or closed state. If you attempt to reduce the time in either state below 12 msec, the controller will not start to change the shutter state until the 12-msec minimum period is over.

1.5

1.5 Controller

Controller

1.51.5

ControllerController

1.5.1

1.5.1 Principles of Operation

Principles of Operation

1.5.11.5.1

Principles of OperationPrinciples of Operation

The Lambda 10-3 controller can be operated locally (manually) from the controller keypad or remotely from a computer either through the serial, USB, or parallel port. These four operational modes (manual, USB and serial) are functionally identical. Each allows the user to select:



Filter Wheel



Filter position



Filter switching speed



Shutter position



Shutter mode

The remainder of this chapter provides a detailed description of the controller’s rear panel connectors and front panel controls. Information needed to connect the power cord and filter wheel(s) is found in the FIRST TIME USE chapter. Instructions on operation of the controller and manual keypad control of the filter wheel(s) are presented in the MANUAL CONTROL chapter. The REMOTE CONTROL chapter explains control of the unit from a remote device, as well as supplying some technical details relevant to local operation. Technical details, which are not required for operation but which may help you understand the behavior of the unit, are found in APPENDIX A: Stepping Motor Operation.

1.5.2

1.5.2 Rear Panel Connectors

Rear Panel Connectors

1.5.21.5.2

Rear Panel ConnectorsRear Panel Connectors

All electrical connections are all made on the rear panel of the Lambda 10-3. See the FIRST TIME USE chapter for details on connecting the power cord and filter wheel cable(s).

Figure 1-9. Generation 1 rear panel electrical connections.

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Figure 1-10. Generation 2 rear panel electrical connections

Figure 1-11. Generation 3 rear panel electrical connections).

Figure 1-12. Generation 4 rear panel electrical connections.

WHEEL A

WHEEL A (Gen 1

WHEEL AWHEEL A

(Gen 1 –––– 3) or A (Gen 4)

(Gen 1 (Gen 1

SMART

SMARTSMART

3) or A (Gen 4)

3) or A (Gen 4) 3) or A (Gen 4)

SHUTTER:

SHUTTER: This 25-pin DSUB connector is used to interface with a filter

SHUTTER:SHUTTER:

wheel that has an integrated SmartShutter or a standalone SmartShutter.

UNIBLITZ

UNIBLITZUNIBLITZ

®®®®

: This 15-pin DSUB connector is used to interface with a filter wheel that

: : is either standalone (has no integrated shutter) or one that has an integrated Uniblitz®1 shutter.

TTL IN:

TTL IN: This BNC connector is used optionally for interfacing with a TTL-triggering

TTL IN:TTL IN: device that controls the opening and closing control of Shutter A (Uniblitz or SmartShutter).

TTL OUT:

TTL OUT: This BNC connector is used optionally to relay out to another device the

TTL OUT:TTL OUT: TTL signaling coming in on TTL IN.

NOTE:

NOTE: A standalone filter wheel (one

NOTE: NOTE: shutter) can be attached to the 15

shutter) can be attached to the 15----pin connector at the same time as a standalone

shutter) can be attached to the 15shutter) can be attached to the 15

Uniblitz is a registered trademark of Vincent Associates.

A standalone filter wheel (one that

A standalone filter wheel (one A standalone filter wheel (one

that is not equipped with an integrated

is not equipped with an integrated

thatthat

is not equipped with an integrated is not equipped with an integrated

pin connector at the same time as a standalone

pin connector at the same time as a standalone pin connector at the same time as a standalone

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SmartShutter is attached to the 25

SmartShutter is attached to the 25----pin connector. Do not attempt to attach two filter

SmartShutter is attached to the 25SmartShutter is attached to the 25 wheels to the Wheel A set of connectors.

wheels to the Wheel A set of connectors.

wheels to the Wheel A set of connectors.wheels to the Wheel A set of connectors.

WHEEL B

WHEEL B (Gen 1

WHEEL BWHEEL B

(Gen 1 –––– 3) or B (Gen 4)

(Gen 1 (Gen 1

The connectors for WHEEL B are provided for interfacing with a second filter wheel and/or shutter, and have the same functionality as those for WHEEL A..

WHEEL C (

WHEEL C (Gen 1

WHEEL C (WHEEL C (

Gen 1 –––– 3)

Gen 1 Gen 1

Only a filter wheel can be connected as Wheel C. The connectors for Wheel C cannot be used for shutters (as part of the filter wheel or standalone). If a filter wheel that is equipped with an integrated shutter is attached as Wheel C, the integrated shutter will be non-functional.

NOTE

NOTE 1

NOTENOTE

NOTE 2: If the filter wheel is connected to the 15

NOTE 2: If the filter wheel is connected to the 15----pin connector and has an integrated

NOTE 2: If the filter wheel is connected to the 15NOTE 2: If the filter wheel is connected to the 15 UNIBLITZ shutte

UNIBLITZ shutter, the shutter will be nonfunctional.

UNIBLITZ shutteUNIBLITZ shutte

: Do not attempt to attach two filter wheels to the Wheel C set of connectors.

Do not attempt to attach two filter wheels to the Wheel C set of connectors.

1 1

: :

Do not attempt to attach two filter wheels to the Wheel C set of connectors.Do not attempt to attach two filter wheels to the Wheel C set of connectors.

pin connector. Do not attempt to attach two filter

pin connector. Do not attempt to attach two filter pin connector. Do not attempt to attach two filter

3) or B (Gen 4)

3) or B (Gen 4) 3) or B (Gen 4)

3) 3)

r, the shutter will be nonfunctional.

r, the shutter will be nonfunctional.r, the shutter will be nonfunctional.

pin connector and has an integrated

pin connector and has an integrated pin connector and has an integrated

NOTE 3: If the filter wheel is connected to the 25

C (

C (Gen

Gen 4444))))

C (C (

GenGen

NOTE 3: If the filter wheel is connected to the 25----pin connector and has an integrated

NOTE 3: If the filter wheel is connected to the 25NOTE 3: If the filter wheel is connected to the 25 SmartShutter, the SmartShutter will be nonfunctional.

SmartShutter, the SmartShutter will be nonfunctional.

SmartShutter, the SmartShutter will be nonfunctional.SmartShutter, the SmartShutter will be nonfunctional.

pin connector and has an integrated

pin connector and has an integrated pin connector and has an integrated

This port array is configurable to support either a standalone filter wheel or a standalone SmartShutter.

NOTE

NOTE 1

NOTENOTE same time, only one or the other will be functional according to how the Lambda 10

same time, only one or the other will be functional according to how the Lambda 10----3

same time, only one or the other will be functional according to how the Lambda 10same time, only one or the other will be functional according to how the Lambda 10 is configured.

is configured.

is configured.is configured.

NOTE 2: If the connected filter whe

NOTE 2: If the connected filter wheel is equipped with a UNIBLITZ shutter, the

NOTE 2: If the connected filter wheNOTE 2: If the connected filter whe shutter will be nonfunctional.

shutter will be nonfunctional.

shutter will be nonfunctional.shutter will be nonfunctional.

NOTE 3: A standalone SmartShutter is connected to the SMARTSHUTTER

NOTE 3: A standalone SmartShutter is connected to the SMARTSHUTTER NOTE 3: A standalone SmartShutter is connected to the SMARTSHUTTER connector via

connector via a cable with 9

connector via connector via

: If both a standalone filter wheel and a SmartShutter are connected at the

If both a standalone filter wheel and a SmartShutter are connected at the

1 1

: :

If both a standalone filter wheel and a SmartShutter are connected at the If both a standalone filter wheel and a SmartShutter are connected at the

el is equipped with a UNIBLITZ shutter, the

el is equipped with a UNIBLITZ shutter, the el is equipped with a UNIBLITZ shutter, the

a cable with 9----pin D

a cable with 9a cable with 9

pin D----SHELL connectors at each end.

pin Dpin D

SHELL connectors at each end.

SHELL connectors at each end.SHELL connectors at each end.

USB PORT:

USB PORT: This is a B type USB connector, which allows connection to a host computer

USB PORT: USB PORT: USB port.

SERIAL PORT

SERIAL PORT: This 9 pin, DSUB connector is used for establishing a serial interface

SERIAL PORTSERIAL PORT between the Lambda 10-3 and a remote device (computer) using the cable provided.

3 3

PARALLEL POR

PARALLEL PORTTTT: This 25 pin, DSUB connector is used for establishing a parallel interface

PARALLEL PORPARALLEL POR between the Lambda 10-3 and a remote device (computer) using the cable provided.

LINE POWER

LINE POWER: This socket is used to connect the power cord to the Lambda 10-3.

LINE POWERLINE POWER

FUSE LABEL

FUSE LABEL: Information found here includes the model number of this instrument,

FUSE LABELFUSE LABEL appropriate supply voltage, and the type of fuse required for the supply voltage.

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FUSE

FUSE: Fuse compartment containing the supply voltage fuse and an extra fuse. Replace

FUSEFUSE blown fuses with a fuse of the appropriate value as given on the fuse label (back panel of the controller) or on the TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS page in this manual.

1.5.3

1.5.3 Front Panel Controls

Front Panel Controls

1.5.31.5.3

Front Panel ControlsFront Panel Controls

Figure 1-13. Lambda 10-3 front panel controls.

1.5.3.1 Power Switch

This turns on the system power.

1.5.3.2 Keypad

There are 16 keys on the Lambda 10-3 keypad.

Numerical keys 0 to 9:

Numerical keys 0 to 9: These keys manually select filter positions and, via the MODE key,

Numerical keys 0 to 9:Numerical keys 0 to 9: choose between the eight pre-set filter wheel speeds. During menu navigation, the 0 key causes a return to the main display.

LOCAL:

LOCAL: Takes the controller off-line (for manual operation via the controller’s front-panel

LOCAL:LOCAL: keypad and display).

ON LINE:

ON LINE: Puts the controller on-line (for remote control from a host computer connected

ON LINE:ON LINE: via RS-232 serial or USB).

S1:

S1: Open/close Shutter A.

S1:S1:

S2:

S2: Open/close Shutter B.

S2:S2:

MODE:

MODE: Invokes a menu structure, allowing for the setting of the following:

MODE:MODE:

• Set active filter wheel.

Set active filter wheel.

Set active filter wheel.Set active filter wheel.

• Select filter wheel speed.

Select filter wheel speed.

Select filter wheel speed.Select filter wheel speed.

• Select shutter TTL control.

Select shutter TTL control.

Select shutter TTL control.Select shutter TTL control.

• Select among various test modes.

Select among various test modes.

Select among various test modes.Select among various test modes.

• Select operation modes of the SmartShutters.

Select operation modes of the SmartShutters.

Select operation modes of the SmartShutters.Select operation modes of the SmartShutters.

• Save and restore SmartShutter mode configurations.

Save and restore SmartShutter mode configurations.

Save and restore SmartShutter mode configurations.Save and restore SmartShutter mode configurations.

ENTER:

ENTER: Used to navigate menus and for the entering of values from the keypad.

ENTER:ENTER:

While a key is depressed, the controller detects its functionality. However, the controller will not act upon the functionality indicated by a depressed key until released. A key that is pressed while a move is in progress but released after the move is over will cause the action

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

associated with that key to occur normally. Keys pressed and released while a move is in progress are ignored.

1.5.3.3 Display

When the controller is switched (powered) on, the controller homes all the attached filter wheels and activate all the attached shutters. During this initialization process, the following is displayed on the controller’s display.

After the controller has finished initializing, the status screen is displayed.

WHEEL: A-25MM 0 1 B-NC C-NC U SHUTR: A- OFF B-FAST OFF

The first line of the status screen indicates which of the three possible filter wheels are connected, what their respective sizes are, and the position and speed setting of each. “NC” is shown for a channel to which no filter wheel is attached. At the end of the first line is a character which indicates online/offline status of the controller (online is indicated by “U” if the USB interface is in control or “S” for the serial interface. “L” indicates local (offline) mode, allowing for keypad control).

The second line of the status screen shows the opened/closed state of the two possible shutters that can be attached to the controller. When an attached shutter is a SmartShutter, its mode is also shown.

See the next chapter for a detailed description of how to control the controller locally via the keypad and how to navigate through the various menus shown on the controller’s front-panel display.

1.6

1.6 Options and Accessories

Options and Accessories

1.61.6

Options and AccessoriesOptions and Accessories

1.6.1

1.6.1 Supported Filter Wheel and Shutter Configurations

Supported Filter Wheel and Shutter Configurations

1.6.11.6.1

Supported Filter Wheel and Shutter ConfigurationsSupported Filter Wheel and Shutter Configurations

The Lambda 10-3 controller provides three port bays (A, B, and C) each to which can be connected a filter wheel and/or shutter.

1. Port Bays AAAA and BBBB each supports the following:

A filter wheel with integrated shutter (SmartShutter or UNIBLITZ®2)

A standalone filter wheel (no integrated shutter)

A standalone SmartShutter (no filter wheel)

A standalone filter wheel and a standalone SmartShutter

UNIBLITZ is a registered trademark of Vincent Associates.

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

2. Port Bay CCCC supports one standalone filter wheel. No shutter support is provided. A filter wheel with integrated shutter can be connected to Port Bay C, but the shutter will be inoperative.

1.7

1.7 Functional Description

Functional Description

1.71.7

Functional DescriptionFunctional Description

1.7.1

1.7.1 Stepping Motor Operation

Stepping Motor Operation

1.7.11.7.1

Stepping Motor OperationStepping Motor Operation

Stepping motors are not as familiar to most people as the common DC motor, but there are some similarities. The DC motor consists of an armature, an electromagnet mounted on a rotating shaft, which is located inside a permanent magnet. Current is supplied to the electromagnet through brushes that rub on contacts on the armature. When the electromagnet is energized, the armature rotates to align the poles of the electromagnet with the opposite poles of the permanent magnet. Of course, before this can occur, the rotation of the armature changes the contact plates rubbing on the brushes so that the current is reversed. This causes the poles of the electromagnet to reverse, establishing a force for continued rotation. This switching action is called commutation.

In stepping motors, the rotating element, called a rotor, is generally a permanent magnet while the fixed element, the stator, is the electromagnet. The key difference between stepping motors and DC motors, however, is the method of commutation. The DC motor commutates automatically as it rotates. Thus, the timing of the commutation is determined by the speed of rotation, which may vary with the load or applied power. The commutation of the stepping motor is set by external electronics, forcing the motor to rotate at a predetermined rate. If the load is such that the motor does not have the force to produce the correct rate of rotation, the rotation will become erratic and may even reverse.

The force exerted between two magnet poles is proportional to the square of the distance between the poles. A motor with a single electromagnet and only two poles would exhibit considerable loss of power when the distance between the poles of the permanent magnet and the electromagnet was greatest. It is understandable that, in most practical DC motors, the armature has more than 2 poles. This allows the commutation to occur over a smaller angle of rotation, so that the active poles can always be relatively close to the poles of the permanent magnet.

Stepping motors are also made with multiple poles on both the rotor and stator; the exact arrangement determines the number of steps per revolution. The motor used in the Lambda 10-3 has 200 steps per revolution (1.8 degrees per step). There are usually two windings in the stator, and reversing the current on one of the windings produces a single step of rotation. Reversing the current on the second winding will then produce another step. If the first winding is then reversed again, returning to its original value, a third step will result. Finally, reversing the second winding, so that both windings are back to their original state, will produce a fourth step. This pattern may then be repeated to continue rotation in the same direction. Reversing the sequence produces steps of rotation in the opposite direction.

The rate and distance of rotation is determined by the rate and number of commutation steps. As long as the current is held constant in both windings, the rotor will not rotate. This makes the stepping motor ideal for producing fast start and stop movements. Some limitations should be considered. Given that there are only 4 states of the control electronics (2 polarities for each of the 2 windings) but 200 steps per revolution, it follows that, for each of these 4 states, there are 50 possible rotary positions. In order to establish the absolute

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

position an external sensor must be added. Absolute position only needs to be determined once so long as the subsequent moves occur without errors.

Correct operation of stepping motors, which is outlined above, is not always obtained. If the motor lacks the torque to accelerate and decelerate the load at the rate indicated by the control electronics, the resulting move may differ from that commanded by the control electronics. For instance, if enough external force is applied, the motor shaft may be rotated even though the command signal has not changed. For small rotations (less than 3.6 degrees), the motor shaft will return to the correct position if the force is removed. For larger rotations, the shaft will stop at the nearest of the 50 correct positions for that command signal when the external force is removed.

LAMBDA 10-3 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 3.03 (20110829)

+ 102 hidden pages

Sutter Instrument LB10-3, Lambda 10-3 Operation Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual