Sutter Instrument Lambda 10-2, Lambda 10-232S, Lambda 10-250, Lambda 10-232, Lambda 10-2S Operation Manuals

Download

Lambda 10

Lambda 10----2

Lambda 10Lambda 10

Optical Filter Changer

Optical Filter Changer Optical Filter Changer

Control

Control System

Control Control

Operation Manual

Operation ManualOperation Manual

Rev. 2.04 ( 20120224)

System

SystemSystem

One Digital Drive

Novato, CA 94949

Voice: 415-883-0128 Web: www.sutter.com Fax: 415-883-0572 Email: info@sutter.com

LAMBDA 10® is a registered trademark of Sutter Instrument Company.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

DIS CLA IMER

DIS CLA IMERDIS CLA IMER

The LAMBDA 10

LAMBDA 10----2222 Optical Filter Changer system is designed for the specific use of

LAMBDA 10 LAMBDA 10

iii

changing filters into and out of an optical pathway and no other use is recommended.

This instrument is designed for use in a laboratory environment. It is not intended for use, nor should it be used, in human experimentation or applied to humans in any way. This is not a medical device.

Do not open or attempt to repair the instrument. Extreme heat and high voltages are present and could cause injury.

Do not allow unauthorized and/or untrained operative to use this device.

Any misuse will be the sole responsibility of the user/owner and Sutter Instrument Company assumes no implied or inferred liability for direct or consequential damages from this instrument if it is operated or used in any way other than for which it is designed.

SAF ETY WA R NIN GS AND

SAF ETY WA R NIN GS AND P RECA UTI ON S

SAF ETY WA R NIN GS AND SAF ETY WA R NIN GS AND Electrical

Electrical

ElectricalElectrical

PREC AUT ION S

PREC AUT ION SPREC AUT ION S



Operate the Lambda 10

Operate the Lambda 10----2 using 110

Operate the Lambda 10Operate the Lambda 10 voltage. This instrument is designe

voltage. This instrument is designed for connection to a standard laboratory power

voltage. This instrument is designevoltage. This instrument is designe outlet (Overvoltage Category II), and because it is a microprocessor

outlet (Overvoltage Category II), and because it is a microprocessor--

outlet (Overvoltage Category II), and because it is a microprocessoroutlet (Overvoltage Category II), and because it is a microprocessor it should be accorded the same system wiring precautions as any 'computer type'

it should be accorded the same system wiring precautions as any 'computer type'

it should be accorded the same system wiring precautions as any 'computer type' it should be accorded the same system wiring precautions as any 'computer type' system. A surge protector and power reg

system. A surge protector and power regulator are recommended.

system. A surge protector and power regsystem. A surge protector and power reg



Avoiding Electrical Shock and Fire

Avoiding Electrical Shock and Fire----related Injury

Avoiding Electrical Shock and FireAvoiding Electrical Shock and Fire



Fuse Replacement: Replace only with the same type and rating:

Fuse Replacement: Replace only with the same type and rating: Fuse Replacement: Replace only with the same type and rating:

Voltage

Voltage Voltage

Setting

SettingSetting

110V

110V 1.5A, 250V

110V110V 220V

220V T0.63A, 250V

220V220V

A spare fuse is located in the power input module. Please refer to the fuse

A spare fuse is located in the power input module. Please refer to the fuse----replacement

A spare fuse is located in the power input module. Please refer to the fuseA spare fuse is located in the power input module. Please refer to the fuse appendix for more details on fuse ratings and for i

appendix for more details on fuse ratings and for instructions on how to change the

appendix for more details on fuse ratings and for iappendix for more details on fuse ratings and for i fuse.

fuse.

fuse. fuse.

Always use the grounded power supply cord set provided to connect the system to

Always use the grounded power supply cord set provided to connect the system to Always use the grounded power supply cord set provided to connect the system to

a grounded outlet (3

a grounded outlet (3----prong).

a grounded outlet (3a grounded outlet (3 that an electrical hazard occurs.

that an electrical hazard occurs.

that an electrical hazard occurs.that an electrical hazard occurs.

Do not disassemble the system. Refer servicing to qualified personnel.

Do not disassemble the system. Refer servicing to qualified personnel.Do not disassemble the system. Refer servicing to qualified personnel.

Type and Rating

Type and RatingType and Rating

1.5A, 250V Bussmann GMC

1.5A, 250V1.5A, 250V T0.63A, 250V Bussmann GDC

T0.63A, 250VT0.63A, 250V

2 using 110----120 V AC, 60 Hz, or 220

2 using 1102 using 110

Fuse

Fuse:

FuseFuse

Bussmann GMC----1.5A or GMC

Bussmann GMCBussmann GMC Bussmann GDC----630mA or S506

Bussmann GDCBussmann GDC Littelfuse: 218.630 or 218.063P (RoHS)

Littelfuse: 218.630 or 218.063P (RoHS)

Littelfuse: 218.630 or 218.063P (RoHS)Littelfuse: 218.630 or 218.063P (RoHS)

prong). This is required to protect you from injury in the event

prong). prong).

This is required to protect you from injury in the event

This is required to protect you from injury in the event This is required to protect you from injury in the event

120 V AC, 60 Hz, or 220----240 V AC., 50 Hz line

120 V AC, 60 Hz, or 220120 V AC, 60 Hz, or 220

d for connection to a standard laboratory power

d for connection to a standard laboratory power d for connection to a standard laboratory power

ulator are recommended.

ulator are recommended.ulator are recommended.

: (Time Delay, 5mm x 20mm, glass tube)

(Time Delay, 5mm x 20mm, glass tube) Voltage

: :

(Time Delay, 5mm x 20mm, glass tube)(Time Delay, 5mm x 20mm, glass tube)

Manufacturer Examples

Manufacturer ExamplesManufacturer Examples

1.5A or GMC----1.5

1.5A or GMC1.5A or GMC

630mA or S506----630

630mA or S506630mA or S506

related Injury

related Injuryrelated Injury

1.5----R (RoHS)

1.51.5

nstructions on how to change the

nstructions on how to change the nstructions on how to change the

240 V AC., 50 Hz line

240 V AC., 50 Hz line 240 V AC., 50 Hz line

--controlled device,

controlled device,

----

controlled device, controlled device,

R (RoHS)

R (RoHS)R (RoHS)

630----R (RoHS); or

R (RoHS); or

630630

R (RoHS); orR (RoHS); or

replacement

replacement replacement



Optical Radiatio

Optical Radiationnnn

Optical RadiatioOptical Radiatio

This system is designed for use in conjunction with high

This system is designed for use in conjunction with high----intensity light sources. Failure to

This system is designed for use in conjunction with highThis system is designed for use in conjunction with high comply with any of the following precautions may result in injury to the users o

comply with any of the following precautions may result in injury to the users of this

comply with any of the following precautions may result in injury to the users ocomply with any of the following precautions may result in injury to the users o device as well as those working in the general area near the device.

device as well as those working in the general area near the device.

device as well as those working in the general area near the device.device as well as those working in the general area near the device.

To prevent fire or shock hazard do not expose the unit to rain or moisture.

To prevent fire or shock hazard do not expose the unit to rain or moisture.To prevent fire or shock hazard do not expose the unit to rain or moisture.

intensity light sources. Failure to

intensity light sources. Failure to intensity light sources. Failure to

f this

f this f this

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)



Electromagnetic Interference

Electromagnetic InterferenceElectromagnetic Interference

To comply with FDA and CE electromagnetic immunity and interfer

To comply with FDA and CE electromagnetic immunity and interference standards; and to

To comply with FDA and CE electromagnetic immunity and interferTo comply with FDA and CE electromagnetic immunity and interfer reduce the electromagnetic coupling between this and other equipment in your lab always

reduce the electromagnetic coupling between this and other equipment in your lab always

reduce the electromagnetic coupling between this and other equipment in your lab always reduce the electromagnetic coupling between this and other equipment in your lab always use the type and length of interconnect cables provided with the unit for the

use the type and length of interconnect cables provided with the unit for the

use the type and length of interconnect cables provided with the unit for the use the type and length of interconnect cables provided with the unit for the interconnection of

interconnection of one or more f

interconnection ofinterconnection of 232 or parallel interface

232 or parallel interface, or o

232 or parallel interface232 or parallel interface SPECIFICATIONS appendix for more details)

SPECIFICATIONS appendix for more details)....

SPECIFICATIONS appendix for more details)SPECIFICATIONS appendix for more details)

Operational

OperationalOperational

Fai

Failure to comply with any of the following precautions may damage this device.

FaiFai



Never look into the optical pathway of the high intensity light sources typically

Never look into the optical pathway of the high intensity light sources typically Never look into the optical pathway of the high intensity light sources typically

used with this instrument. Doing so can cause permanent eye damage.

used with this instrument. Doing so can cause permanent eye damage.used with this instrument. Doing so can cause permanent eye damage.

The high

The high----intensity light s

The high The high

significant amount of heat. Direct contact with the housing of those instruments can

significant amount of heat. Direct contact with the housing of those instruments can significant amount of heat. Direct contact with the housing of those instruments can cause serious burns.

cause serious burns.

cause serious burns.cause serious burns.

lure to comply with any of the following precautions may damage this device.

lure to comply with any of the following precautions may damage this device. lure to comply with any of the following precautions may damage this device.

This instrument is designed for operation in a laboratory environment (Pollution

This instrument is designed for operation in a laboratory environment (Pollution This instrument is designed for operation in a laboratory environment (Pollution Degree I).

Degree I).

Degree I).Degree I).

This unit is not designed for operation at altitudes above 2000 meters nor was it test

This unit is not designed for operation at altitudes above 2000 meters nor was it tested

This unit is not designed for operation at altitudes above 2000 meters nor was it testThis unit is not designed for operation at altitudes above 2000 meters nor was it test for safety above 2000 meters.

for safety above 2000 meters.

for safety above 2000 meters.for safety above 2000 meters.

intensity light sources typically used with this instrument also produce a

intensity light sintensity light s

one or more filter wheels and/or shutters

one or more f one or more f

, or other equipment via TTL connections

, or o, or o

ources typically used with this instrument also produce a

ources typically used with this instrument also produce a ources typically used with this instrument also produce a

ence standards; and to

ence standards; and to ence standards; and to

ilter wheels and/or shutters, h

ilter wheels and/or shuttersilter wheels and/or shutters

ther equipment via TTL connections ((((ssssee the TECHNICAL

ther equipment via TTL connectionsther equipment via TTL connections

, host

ost computer via serial RS

, h, h

computer via serial RS----

ost ost

computer via serial RScomputer via serial RS

ee the TECHNICAL

ee the TECHNICAL ee the TECHNICAL

ed ed



DO NOT CONNECT OR DISCONNECT THE CABLES BETWEEN THE

DO NOT CONNECT OR DISCONNECT THE CABLES BETWEEN THE DO NOT CONNECT OR DISCONNECT THE CABLES BETWEEN THE

CONTROLLER AND THE MECHANICAL UNITS

CONTROLLER AND THE MECHANICAL UNITS (FILTER WHEELS AND/OR

CONTROLLER AND THE MECHANICAL UNITS CONTROLLER AND THE MECHANICAL UNITS SHUTTERS)

SHUTTERS) WHILE POWER IS ON.

SHUTTERS) SHUTTERS)

Please allow at least 20 seconds after turning the unit off before disconnecting

Please allow at least 20 seconds after turning the unit off before disconnecting the

Please allow at least 20 seconds after turning the unit off before disconnectingPlease allow at least 20 seconds after turning the unit off before disconnecting mechanical units. Failure to do this may result in damage to the electronics.

mechanical units. Failure to do this may result in damage to the electronics.

mechanical units. Failure to do this may result in damage to the electronics.mechanical units. Failure to do this may result in damage to the electronics.

Operate only in a location where there is a free flow of fresh air on all sides.

Operate only in a location where there is a free flow of fresh air on all sides. Operate only in a location where there is a free flow of fresh air on all sides.

NEVER ALLOW THE FREE FLOW OF AIR TO BE RESTRICTED.

NEVER ALLOW THE FREE FLOW OF AIR TO BE RESTRICTED.NEVER ALLOW THE FREE FLOW OF AIR TO BE RESTRICTED.

WHILE POWER IS ON.

WHILE POWER IS ON. WHILE POWER IS ON.

(FILTER WHEELS AND/OR

(FILTER WHEELS AND/OR (FILTER WHEELS AND/OR

the

the the

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DDDDISCLAIMER

ISCLAIMER................................

ISCLAIMERISCLAIMER

SAFETY WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

SAFETY WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS................................

SAFETY WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONSSAFETY WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

Electrical .................................................................................................................................................iii

Avoiding Electrical Shock and Fire-related Injury ............................................................................iii

Optical Radiation ...................................................................................................................................iv

Electromagnetic Interference...............................................................................................................iv

Operational.............................................................................................................................................iv

1. GENERAL

1. GENERAL ................................

1. GENERAL1. GENERAL

1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................1

1.1.1 How to Use this Manual............................................................................................................1

1.1.2 Technical Support......................................................................................................................1

1.2 General Description..........................................................................................................................1

1.2.1 Systems........................................................................................................................................2

1.2.2 Filter Wheels and Shutters.......................................................................................................2

1.2.3 Filters ..........................................................................................................................................4

1.2.4 Slide-In and Drop-In Filter Holders ........................................................................................4

1.2.5 Shutters.......................................................................................................................................5

1.2.6 Adapters......................................................................................................................................5

1.2.7 Other and Optional Accessories...............................................................................................5

1.2.7.1 Liquid Light Guide (LLG)..................................................................................................5

1.3 Functional Description.....................................................................................................................5

1.3.1 Stepping Motor Operation........................................................................................................5

................................................................

................................................

................................................................

.....................................

................................................................

................ iii

................................

........................................

................................................................

........1111

................

..... iii

iii

..........

iiiiii

iii

iiiiii

2. INSTALLATION

2. INSTALLATION ................................

2. INSTALLATION2. INSTALLATION

2.1 Unpacking..........................................................................................................................................7

2.2 Pre-installation Considerations ......................................................................................................7

2.2.1 Vibrations....................................................................................................................................7

2.3 Installing the Controller ..................................................................................................................8

2.3.1 Line Power (Mains) ...................................................................................................................8

2.4 Installing the Filter Wheel ............................................................................................................10

2.4.1 Filter Wheel Assembly Set Up................................................................................................11

2.5 First Time Use ................................................................................................................................12

2.5.1 Make It Go ................................................................................................................................12

2.6 Loading Filters................................................................................................................................13

2.6.1 Filter Orientation.....................................................................................................................13

2.6.2 Filter Cups and Filter Holders...............................................................................................13

2.6.3 Installation of Filters into Filter Holders .............................................................................15

2.6.4 Installation of Filters into Filter Cups ..................................................................................17

2.7 Filter Loading Tips.........................................................................................................................18

2.7.1 Selection of a Filter Position...................................................................................................18

2.7.2 Use of Blanking Discs..............................................................................................................18

2.7.3 Neutral Density Filters ...........................................................................................................19

3. OPERATIONS

OPERATIONS ................................

3.3.

OPERATIONS OPERATIONS

3.1 First Time Use ................................................................................................................................21

................................................................

.............................................................

................................................................

...............................................................

................................................................

.............................7777

..........................................................

...............................21

..............................................................

2121

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

3.2 Principles of Operation..................................................................................................................21

3.3 Rear Panel Connectors...................................................................................................................21

3.4 Front Panel Controls......................................................................................................................23

3.4.1 Keypad.......................................................................................................................................23

3.4.2 RESET Button.........................................................................................................................23

3.4.3 Display.......................................................................................................................................23

3.5 Power-Up Sequence........................................................................................................................24

3.5.1 Selecting the Wheel .................................................................................................................25

3.5.2 Selecting the Filter Position ...................................................................................................25

3.5.3 Selecting the Filter Switching Speed.....................................................................................25

3.5.4 Selecting the Shutter Position (Open/Close)........................................................................26

3.5.5 Error Detection and Recovery................................................................................................27

3.5.6 Movement Errors: Causes and Solutions.............................................................................27

3.5.6.1 Filter Weight vs. Speed.....................................................................................................27

3.5.6.2 Oscillation when Stopping ...............................................................................................28

3.5.6.3 Oscillations when Moving ................................................................................................28

3.5.6.4 Movement Errors after Successive Moves......................................................................28

3.5.7 Helpful Tips about Movement Errors...................................................................................28

4. EXTERNAL CONTROL OPERATIONS

EXTERNAL CONTROL OPERATIONS ................................

4.4.

EXTERNAL CONTROL OPERATIONS EXTERNAL CONTROL OPERATIONS

4.1 General.............................................................................................................................................31

4.2 Parallel Interface ............................................................................................................................31

4.2.1 Connecting to the Parallel Port Interface.............................................................................31

4.2.2 Input Command Structure .....................................................................................................32

4.2.2.1 Filter Commands...............................................................................................................33

4.2.2.2 Special Commands: ON LINE, BATCH, and SHUTTER Commands......................34

4.2.2.3 Output Command Structure: BUSY and ERROR lines..............................................36

4.2.3 Strategies for Controlling the Lambda 10-2 via the Parallel Port.....................................37

4.2.3.1 Using Input Lines Only....................................................................................................37

4.2.3.2 Using Fewer than Eight Input Lines..............................................................................37

4.2.3.3 Using the BUSY Line........................................................................................................37

4.2.3.4 Using the ERROR Line ....................................................................................................38

4.2.4 Using a Computer’s Parallel (Printer) Port .........................................................................38

4.2.4.1 Connecting to the PC Parallel (Printer) Port................................................................39

4.2.4.2 Input Command Structure...............................................................................................40

4.2.4.3 Output Command Structure: BUSY and ERROR Lines.............................................41

4.3 Dedicated TTL Line .......................................................................................................................42

4.4 Serial RS-232 Interface ..................................................................................................................43

4.4.1 Connecting to the Serial Port.................................................................................................43

4.4.2 Input Command Structure .....................................................................................................44

4.4.2.1 Filter Commands...............................................................................................................44

4.4.3 Special Commands: ON LINE, SHUTTER and BATCH commands...............................45

4.4.4 Output Command Structure: Command Echo and <CR>...............................................46

................................................................

....................................................

................................................................

....................31

........................................

3131

5. MAINTENANCE

MAINTENANCE ................................

5.5.

MAINTENANCE MAINTENANCE

APPENDIX A.

APPENDIX A. LIMITED WARRANTY

APPENDIX A.APPENDIX A.

APPENDIX B.

APPENDIX B. ACCESSORIES

APPENDIX B.APPENDIX B.

B.1. Filter Wheels..................................................................................................................................51

................................................................

LIMITED WARRANTY ................................

LIMITED WARRANTY LIMITED WARRANTY

ACCESSORIES................................

ACCESSORIES ACCESSORIES

................................................................

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

................................................................

...........................................................

................................................................

..........................................................

................................................................

........................................

................................................................

...........................47

......................................................

..........................49

....................................................

........51

................

4747

4949

5151

vii

B.2. Shutter............................................................................................................................................51

B.3. Filter Holders and Liquid Light Guides.....................................................................................51

B.4. Cables .............................................................................................................................................52

APPENDIX C.

APPENDIX C. FUSE REPLACEMENT

APPENDIX C.APPENDIX C.

APPENDIX D.

APPENDIX D. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

APPENDIX D.APPENDIX D.

D.1. Controller (rack mount)...............................................................................................................55

D.2. Filter Wheel, 25 mm (1”) (with Shutter, without Stand)........................................................56

APPENDIX E.

APPENDIX E. EXTERNAL CONTROL COMMAND REFERENCE

APPENDIX E.APPENDIX E.

FUSE REPLACEMENT ................................

FUSE REPLACEMENT FUSE REPLACEMENT

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS................................

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

EXTERNAL CONTROL COMMAND REFERENCE ................................

EXTERNAL CONTROL COMMAND REFERENCE EXTERNAL CONTROL COMMAND REFERENCE

................................................................

.........................................................

................................................................

.........................................

................................................................

.........................................

................................................................

.........................53

..................................................

5353

.........55

..................

5555

.........57

..................

5757

TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1. Lambda 10-2 Filter Wheel (without shutter)......................................................................3

Figure 1-2. Lambda 10-2 filter wheel housing (with shutter)...............................................................3

Figure 2-1. Lambda 10-2 Cabinet (rear view)......................................................................................... 9

Figure 2-2. Lambda 10-2 Cabinet (front view)........................................................................................9

Figure 2-3. Power connection..................................................................................................................10

Figure 2-4. Schematic diagram of two possible experimental configurations...................................10

Figure 2-5. Filter wheel mounting stand...............................................................................................11

Figure 2-6. Filter wheel connection........................................................................................................12

Figure 2-7. Initialization screen..............................................................................................................12

Figure 2-8. Initialization screen in local mode......................................................................................13

Figure 2-9. Filter holder components.....................................................................................................14

Figure 2-10. Removing the retaining ring.............................................................................................15

Figure 2-11. Installing a filter into a Slide-In Filter Holder................................................................16

Figure 2-12. Assembly order of filter holder parts ...............................................................................16

Figure 2-13. Filter ports (plug is removed from the loading port) .....................................................17

Figure 3-1. Electrical connections ..........................................................................................................22

Figure 3-2. Lambda 10-2 Controller Keypad.........................................................................................23

Figure 3-3. Status display screen............................................................................................................24

Figure 3-4. Status display defaults.........................................................................................................24

Figure 3-5. Display showing selected filter wheel.................................................................................25

Figure 3-6. Screen showing prompt for speed selection.......................................................................26

Figure 3-7. Entering the speed ...............................................................................................................26

Figure 3-8. Status display screen after pressing LOCAL. ...................................................................27

Figure 4-1. Parallel interface DB-25 connector on the Lambda 10-2.................................................31

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

viii

Figure 4-2. PC parallel (printer) port.....................................................................................................39

Figure 4-3. Serial port pin assignments.................................................................................................44

Figure 5-1. Power entry module .............................................................................................................53

Figure 5-2. Fuse holder............................................................................................................................54

TABLE OF TABLES

Table 2-1. Maximum allowable filter thickness....................................................................................15

Table 3-1. Filter switching times (in milliseconds)...............................................................................26

Table 4-1. Lambda 10-2 Parallel Interface Pin Assignments..............................................................32

Table 4-2. Filter command structure.....................................................................................................33

Table 4-3. Special command codes..........................................................................................................34

Table 4-4. PC and Lambda 10-2 parallel port pin assignments..........................................................40

Table 4-5. PC printer adapter addresses ...............................................................................................41

Table 4-6. Commands for the dedicated TTL line................................................................................43

Table 4-7. Creating a serial port filter command..................................................................................45

Table C-1. Fuse type and rating. ............................................................................................................54

Table D-1. Mains fuse type and rating...................................................................................................55

Table D-2. Cable specifications. ..............................................................................................................56

Table E-1. Complete Remote-control command reference..................................................................57

Table E-2. Filter command structure. ...................................................................................................62

TABLE OF LISTINGS

Listing 4-1. Batch transfer via PC parallel port program....................................................................36

Listing 4-2. Program to obtain the Lambda 10-2 status on the PC parallel port.............................41

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

1. GEN ERA L

GEN ERA L

1.1.

GEN ERA LGE NER AL

1.1

1.1 Introduction

Introduction

1.11.1

IntroductionIntroduction

The Lambda 10-2 is an optical filter wheel system designed for rapid change of wavelength and comprises two subsystems: A controller and one or two filter wheels, each with or without a shutter, that are to be placed in the optical pathway of your existing experimental setup. Next is a description on how this manual is organized and the manner in which its use is intended, followed by a general and functional description of the system.

1.1.1

1.1.1 How to Use this Manual

How to Use this Manual

1.1.11.1.1

How to Use this ManualHow to Use this Manual

This manual is organized in a manner that is best suited for the typical manner in which the reader would learn about the system, and then install, operate, and maintain it. Prior to the table of contents of this manual is a disclaimer and a series of cautionary and warning notes that should be read first. This first chapter provides an overall description of the system, leaving more in-depth technical information towards the end of the chapter. The next chapter describes how to install the system, followed by one or more chapters that provide operation instructions, and ending with a chapter on maintenance. Following the final chapter are several appendices that provide supplemental information. The installation chapter covers everything related to installation, from unpacking the equipment as received, through to ensuring that everything is correctly installed and is operating correctly. The operation chapters cover the two basic types of user interaction with the system: Manual (local) control and external computer control. Please take the time to read these instructions to assure the safe and proper use of this instrument.

1.1.2

1.1.2 Technical Support

Technical Support

1.1.21.1.2

Technical SupportTechnical Support

Unlimited technical support is provided by Sutter Instrument Company at no charge to our customers. Our technical support staff is available between the hours of 8:00 AM and 5:00 PM (Pacific Time) at (415) 883

1.2

1.2 General Description

General Description

1.21.2

General DescriptionGeneral Description

The LAMBDA

LAMBDA 10

LAMBDALAMBDA for microscopy and other applications, which require rapid and accurate wavelength switching. The LAMBDA providing enhanced capability while retaining the same outstanding mechanical performance. The Lambda 10-2 controller can control up to two filter wheels and two highspeed shutters, and provides for both manual (local) control as well as external computer control (via either of the provided serial (RS-232) or parallel interfaces).

The controller system is designed around three embedded microcontrollers: one slave for each wheel and a master for control and communication. The electronics for two wheels and two shutters are already installed, even if you only ordered a single wheel system. If you add a second wheel or shutter later, there will be no additional electronics to buy. The embedded microcontrollers automatically determine the number of filter wheels that are installed, so there are no jumpers or switches to set.

10----2222 is a microprocessor controlled, high-speed optical filter wheel designed

1010

LAMBDA 10

LAMBDALAMBDA

(415) 883----0128

(415) 883(415) 883

0128. You may also E-mail your queries to info@sutter.com.

01280128

10----2222 supersedes the previous Lambda 10 filter wheel controller

1010

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

The controller can run a single wheel and shutter under remote control through a parallel input using the same simple protocol as the original Lambda 10 controller. New commands have been added so that the 8-bit parallel input can efficiently control two wheels and two shutters without using any additional lines. The serial input uses the same command set as the parallel port, and provides full control of two wheels and two shutters. Either use the DB-25 cable provided to connect to the parallel port or the DB-9 cable provided to connect to the serial port.

The following instructions are meant to help you set up the Lambda 10-2 and become familiar with the manual mode of filter selection. Further details on controller functionality, filter installation, and remote communications can be found in other sections of this manual.

1.2.1

1.2.1 Systems

Systems

1.2.11.2.1

SystemsSystems

LB10

LB10----2222: Includes one 25mm filter wheel without shutter, support base with mounting rods,

LB10LB10 rack mount1 controller unit with wheel drive cable, parallel and serial interface cables for connection to PC, two drop-in filter holders, spanner wrench, 10 blanking discs, power cord, and manual.

LB10

LB10----2S

LB10LB10

2S: Same as above—with a Uniblitz®2 shutter assembly and two slide-in filter holders.

2S2S

LB10

LB10----232

LB10LB10

232: Same as LB10-2 except with 32mm, T-mount threaded filter wheel (no drop-in

232232

filters) and modified 10-2 controller.

LB10

LB10----232S

LB10LB10

232S: Same as LB10-232 except with a Uniblitz® shutter (no drop-in or slide-in filters)

232S232S

and modified 10-2 controller.

LB10

LB10----250

LB10LB10

250: Same as LB10-2 except with 50mm, 5 position wheel.

250250

1.2.2

1.2.2 Filter Wheels

Filter Wheels and Shutters

1.2.21.2.2

Filter WheelsFilter Wheels

and Shutters

and Shutters and Shutters

When a Lambda 10-2 Filter Wheel system is purchased, its configuration may include one to two filter wheels, each one with or without a shutter. If the Lambda 10-2 system is purchased with only one 10-position 25mm (1-inch) filter wheel, you may wish to add a second filter wheel of the same type later, in which case the second filter wheel can be added without modification. A 10-position 32mm and a 5-position 50mm filter wheel are also available for use with the Lambda 10-2 controller. Each port of the controller to which a 32mm or 50mm filter wheel is to be connected, however, must be modified by Sutter Instrument Co. before said filter wheel can be connected. Note that wheels manufactured by Sutter Instrument.

wheels manufactured by Sutter Instrument.

wheels manufactured by Sutter Instrument. wheels manufactured by Sutter Instrument.

Note that you must

Note that Note that

you must only use filter

you mustyou must

only use filter

only use filter only use filter

The basic components of the filter wheel mechanical assembly are shown below in Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2. The only components that are to be removed by the user are the drop-in or slide in filter holders and the plug in the loading port. At no time should the user remove the cover plate from the wheel housing.

Tabletop controller box is available upon request.

Uniblitz® is a registered trademark of Vincent Associates.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Figure 1-1. Lambda 10-2 Filter Wheel (without shutter)

Figure 1-2. Lambda 10-2 filter wheel housing (with shutter)

1. 10-position wheel (removed from motor hub

2. Installed filter cup

3. Wheel housing

4. Cover plate (removed from wheel housing

5. Stepper motor

6. Drop-in filter holder (Figure 1-1) or slide-in filter holder (Figure 1-2)

7. Mounting ears

8. Optical port

9. Loading port (plug installed)

10. Shutter housing

All filter wheel options are listed in the Sutter Instrument catalogue and in the following list.



10----position, 25mm filter wheels:

position, 25mm filter wheels:

1010

position, 25mm filter wheels:position, 25mm filter wheels:

LB10

LB10----NW

LB10LB10

NW (without shutter)

NWNW

LB10

LB10----NWS

LB10LB10

NWS (with shutter)

NWSNWS

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

LB10

LB10----NWE

LB10LB10

LB10

LB10----WD

LB10LB10

LB10

LB10----WDS

LB10LB10

NWE (without shutter and set up for emission)

NWENWE

WD (two wheels mounted back to back, without shutter)

WDWD

WDS (two wheels mounted back to back, with one shutter and one slide-in filter

WDSWDS

holder)



10----position 32mm filter wheels:

position 32mm filter wheels:

1010

position 32mm filter wheels:position 32mm filter wheels:

LB10

LB10----W32

LB10LB10

LB10

LB10----W32S

LB10LB10



5555----position 50mm filter wheel:

LB10

LB10----W50

LB10LB10

W32 (without shutter)

W32W32

W32S (with shutter)

W32SW32S

position 50mm filter wheel:

position 50mm filter wheel:position 50mm filter wheel:

W50 (without shutter).

W50W50

NOTE: All shutters mentioned in this manual for use with the Lambda 10

NOTE: All shutters mentioned in this manual for use with the Lambda 10----2 are

NOTE: All shutters mentioned in this manual for use with the Lambda 10NOTE: All shutters mentioned in this manual for use with the Lambda 10 shutters.

shutters.

shutters.shutters.

1.2.3

1.2.3 Filters

Filters

1.2.31.2.3

FiltersFilters

2 are Uniblitz

2 are 2 are

®®®®3333

The Lambda 10-2 filter changer is designed for use with any 1-inch or 25-mm filter with a thickness that does not exceed the following dimensions:



4.5 mm (0.18 in.) for Slide

4.5 mm (0.18 in.) for Slide----in filter holders

4.5 mm (0.18 in.) for Slide4.5 mm (0.18 in.) for Slide



5.38 mm (0.21 in.) for Drop

5.38 mm (0.21 in.) for Drop----in filter holders

5.38 mm (0.21 in.) for Drop5.38 mm (0.21 in.) for Drop



9 mm (0.35 in.) for filter cups

9 mm (0.35 in.) for filter cups9 mm (0.35 in.) for filter cups

in filter holders

in filter holdersin filter holders

in filter holders

in filter holdersin filter holders

Filter wheels designed for use with 32 mm filters will accept filters with a thickness that does not exceed the following dimensions:



9 mm (0.35 in.) for filter cups

9 mm (0.35 in.) for filter cups9 mm (0.35 in.) for filter cups

Instructions for installing filters into the filter wheel can be found in the FILTER WHEEL chapter of this manual. Filters are not supplied by Sutter Instru conforming to the above specifications can be purchased from any filter manufacturer.

conforming to the above specifications can be purchased from any filter manufacturer.

conforming to the above specifications can be purchased from any filter manufacturer.conforming to the above specifications can be purchased from any filter manufacturer.

1.2.4

1.2.4 Slide

Slide----In and Drop

1.2.41.2.4

In and Drop----In Filter Holders

SlideSlide

In and DropIn and Drop

Filters are not supplied by Sutter Instrument. However, filters

Filters are not supplied by Sutter InstruFilters are not supplied by Sutter Instru

In Filter Holders

In Filter HoldersIn Filter Holders

ment. However, filters

ment. However, filters ment. However, filters

Many users like to have extra Slide-in or Drop-in filter holders for more convenient replacement of these “fixed” filters. Only use filter holders made by Sutter Instrument Company in the Lambda 10

Company in the Lambda 10----2 Filter Wheel.

Company in the Lambda 10Company in the Lambda 10

2 Filter Wheel. Extra filter holders are readily available from

2 Filter Wheel. 2 Filter Wheel.

Only use filter holders made by Sutter Instrument

Only use filter holders made by Sutter Instrument Only use filter holders made by Sutter Instrument

Sutter Instrument Company or their distributors and are listed as “SLIDE-IN” and “DROPIN” in the Sutter catalogue. At this point, there are no slide-in filter holders for 32 mm systems, although a 32-mm Drop-in filter holder is available. In addition, there is a fixed filter position for a heat-blocking filter in most 32-mm microscope adapters offered by Sutter Instrument Company. Slide-in and drop-in filter holders are not available for the 50 mm filter wheels.

1.2.5

1.2.5 Shutters

Shutters

1.2.51.2.5

ShuttersShutters

If you purchase a Lambda 10-2 Filter Wheel system without a shutter and later decide to add one to the system, the Filter Wheel must be returned to the factory for the upgrade. The Lambda 10-2 Filter Wheel controller can support a retrofit shutter without modification.

Uniblitz® is a registered trademark of Vincent Associates.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

However, you must

you must only use shutters installed by Sutter Instrume

you mustyou must

only use shutters installed by Sutter Instrument.

only use shutters installed by Sutter Instrumeonly use shutters installed by Sutter Instrume

nt. This upgrade is

nt. nt. available only at Sutter Instrument’s factory (or through their distributors) and is listed as “SHUTTER” in the Sutter catalogue (or “WHEEL” in older catalogues).

1.2.6

1.2.6 Adapters

Adapters

1.2.61.2.6

AdaptersAdapters

Most microscopes, cameras, light sources and other optical instruments to which the Lambda 10-2 may be interfaced will require some sort of adapter to link the devices. Adapters for interfacing the filter wheel to most instruments are available from Sutter Instrument or can be custom built by Sutter Instrument. Suitable adapters are available from other sources, as well, but Sutter Instrument assumes no responsibility for the performance, suitability

as well, but Sutter Instrument assumes no responsibility for the performance, suitability

as well, but Sutter Instrument assumes no responsibility for the performance, suitability as well, but Sutter Instrument assumes no responsibility for the performance, suitability and safety of adapters built by the user or other manufacturers.

and safety of adapters built by the user or other manufacturers.

and safety of adapters built by the user or other manufacturers.and safety of adapters built by the user or other manufacturers.

1.2.7

1.2.7 Other and Optional Acce

Other and Optional Accessories

1.2.71.2.7

Other and Optional AcceOther and Optional Acce

ssories

ssoriesssories

Suitable adapters are available from other sources,

Suitable adapters are available from other sources, Suitable adapters are available from other sources,

1.2.7.1 Liquid Light Guide (LLG)

A 2-meter, 3mm diameter liquid light guide is optionally available from Sutter Instrument (P/N: LLG). The LLG includes a C-mount, lens, and lens tube.

1.3

1.3 Functional Description

Functional Description

1.31.3

Functional DescriptionFunctional Description

1.3.1

1.3.1 Stepping Motor Operation

Stepping Motor Operation

1.3.11.3.1

Stepping Motor OperationStepping Motor Operation

Stepping motors are not as familiar to most people as the common DC motor, but there are some similarities. The DC motor consists of an armature, an electromagnet mounted on a rotating shaft, which is located inside a permanent magnet. Current is supplied to the electromagnet through brushes that rub on contacts on the armature. When the electromagnet is energized, the armature rotates to align the poles of the electromagnet with the opposite poles of the permanent magnet. Of course, before this can occur, the rotation of the armature changes the contact plates rubbing on the brushes so that the current is reversed. This causes the poles of the electromagnet to reverse, establishing a force for continued rotation. This switching action is called commutation.

In stepping motors, the rotating element, called a rotor, is generally a permanent magnet while the fixed element, the stator, is the electromagnet. The key difference between stepping motors and DC motors, however, is the method of commutation. The DC motor commutates automatically as it rotates. Thus, the timing of the commutation is determined by the speed of rotation, which may vary with the load or applied power. The commutation of the stepping motor is set by external electronics, forcing the motor to rotate at a predetermined rate. If the load is such that the motor does not have the force to produce the correct rate of rotation, the rotation will become erratic and may even reverse.

The force exerted between two magnet poles is proportional to the square of the distance between the poles. A motor with a single electromagnet and only two poles would exhibit considerable loss of power when the distance between the poles of the permanent magnet and the electromagnet was greatest. It is understandable that, in most practical DC motors, the armature has more than two poles. This allows the commutation to occur over a smaller angle of rotation, so that the active poles can always be relatively close to the poles of the permanent magnet.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Stepping motors are also made with multiple poles on both the rotor and stator the exact arrangement determines the number of steps per revolution. The motor used in the Lambda 10-2 has 200 steps per revolution (1.8 degrees per step). There are usually two windings in the stator, and a single step of rotation is produced by reversing the current on one of the windings. Reversing the current on the second winding will then produce another step. If the first winding is then reversed again, returning to its original value, a third step will result. Finally, reversing the second winding, so that both windings are back to their original state, will produce a fourth step. This pattern may then be repeated to continue rotation in the same direction. Reversing the sequence produces steps of rotation in the opposite direction.

The rate and distance of rotation is determined by the rate and number of commutation steps. As long as the current is held constant in both windings, the rotor will not rotate. This makes the stepping motor ideal for producing fast start and stop movements. Some limitations should be considered. Given that there are only 4 states of the control electronics (2 polarities for each of the 2 windings) but 200 steps per revolution, it follows that, for each of these four states, there are 50 possible rotary positions. In order to establish the absolute position an external sensor must be added. Absolute position only needs to be determined once so long as the subsequent moves occur without errors.

Correct operation of stepping motors, which is outlined above, is not always obtained. If the motor lacks the torque to accelerate and decelerate the load at the rate indicated by the control electronics, the resulting move may differ from that commanded by the control electronics. For instance, if enough external force is applied, the motor shaft may be rotated even though the command signal has not changed. For small rotations (less than 3.6 degrees), the motor shaft will return to the correct position if the force is removed. For larger rotations, the shaft will stop at the nearest of the 50 correct positions for that command signal when the external force is removed.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

2. IN S TAL LAT ION

INS TAL LAT ION

2.2.

INS TAL LAT IONIN STA LLA TIO N

2.1

2.1 Unpacking

Unpacking

2.12.1

UnpackingUnpacking

The Lambda 10-2 and associated hardware comes packed in a single carton. The following is a list of the components found there. If two wheels were ordered, two of everything should have been received (except those items marked with an asterisk (*)). If you believe that any of these components are missing or show obvious signs of damage from shipping, please contact the factory.



1 or 2 Filter Wheels, each a 10 position 25 or 32 mm, or 5

1 or 2 Filter Wheels, each a 10 position 25 or 32 mm, or 5----position 50 mm, and each

1 or 2 Filter Wheels, each a 10 position 25 or 32 mm, or 51 or 2 Filter Wheels, each a 10 position 25 or 32 mm, or 5 with or without a shutter (25 or 35 mm

with or without a shutter (25 or 35 mm

with or without a shutter (25 or 35 mmwith or without a shutter (25 or 35 mm



Lambda 10

Lambda 10----2 Controller*

Lambda 10Lambda 10



Support Base per filter wheel

Support Base per filter wheelSupport Base per filter wheel



2 Support Rods p

2 Support Rods per filter wheel

2 Support Rods p2 Support Rods p



2 Base Clamps per filter wheel

2 Base Clamps per filter wheel2 Base Clamps per filter wheel



Filter Wheel to Controller Connecting Cable (1 per filter wheel)

Filter Wheel to Controller Connecting Cable (1 per filter wheel)Filter Wheel to Controller Connecting Cable (1 per filter wheel)



Parallel Interface Cable*

Parallel Interface Cable*Parallel Interface Cable*



Serial Interface Cable*

Serial Interface Cable*Serial Interface Cable*



Power Cord*

Power Cord*Power Cord*



2 Individual Filter Holders (per filter wheel)

2 Individual Filter Holders (per filter wheel)2 Individual Filter Holders (per filter wheel)



Retaining Ring Driver*

Retaining Ring Driver*Retaining Ring Driver*



Manual*

Manual*Manual*



Micr

Microscope Adapters (if ordered)

oscope Adapters (if ordered)

MicrMicr

oscope Adapters (if ordered)oscope Adapters (if ordered)

2 Controller*

2 Controller*2 Controller*

er filter wheel

er filter wheeler filter wheel

position 50 mm, and each

position 50 mm, and each position 50 mm, and each

Each 10-position filter wheel is shipped with nine positions of the wheel containing retaining rings, spacer rings and blanking discs. One of the individual filter holders contains the same three components. The second individual filter holder and one position of the wheel (position #1) contain only retainers and spacers.

The Lambda 10-2 is shipped to you in a prefabricated foam mold. Please take note of this method of packaging. Should it ever be necessary to ship the puller to another location, the same method of packaging should be employed. Additional packing material may be purchased from Sutter Instruments.

IMPORTANT: Improper packaging is a form of abuse and, as such, can be responsible for voiding the warranty where shipping damage is sustained because of such packing.

2.2

2.2 Pre

Pre----installation Considerations

2.22.2

2.2.1

2.2.1 Vibrations

2.2.12.2.1

installation Considerations

PrePre

installation Considerationsinstallation Considerations

Vibrations

VibrationsVibrations

The Lambda 10-2 filter wheel system was designed to produce fast filter changes with a minimum of vibration. The microprocessor controls the trajectory of each move using microsteps with programmed acceleration and deceleration profiles. The result is a system so smooth that customers using the Lambda 10 for the first time have called to report that their wheel isn’t turning simply because they could not hear or feel anything.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Although the Lambda 10-2 is smooth and quiet, even the slightest vibration can produce problems for the electrophysiologist. Vibration can come from several sources. The most pronounced effects normally come from the high-speed shutter, if that option has been included. The shutter produces a very sharp impulse which is best avoided by finding another way of turning the light on and off such as turning to a blanked filter position.

When the motor accelerates and decelerates the filter wheel rapidly, the torque applied tends to turn the motor and the Lambda housing in the opposite direction. If the housing is not firmly attached, this may appear as vibration that increases with the selected speed and the weight of filters loaded. This is not usually a problem if the wheel is firmly mounted to a good solid surface.

Stepping motor-based systems can produce considerable vibration and noise if the rate at which steps are taken excites a system resonance. This problem is greatly reduced by reducing the step size with microstepping, as in the Lambda 10-2. Even when microstepping is used, it is possible to produce vibration by selecting a speed that is not optimal or by starting a new move within a few milliseconds of the end of the previous move. For example, with only two typical filters loaded speed 1 should give a very smooth move that stops with little vibration. Speed 2, 3, and 7 may all produce more vibration at the end of a move with this load even though they are slower speeds.

At a minimum, we recommend that the Lambda 10-2 should be firmly mounted to a solid surface by the support stand, which is included with each unit. Do not depend on the optical coupling between the microscope and the Lambda 10 to support and stabilize the Lambda

10. This configuration will be adequate in many cases. If there is still too much vibration, the wheel may be mounted using the support stand, but with an air gap between the Lambda 10 and the microscope.

The best cure for vibration is isolation. One simple approach is to mount the filter wheel to a wall or a separate table. If the microscope is on an air table, be aware that the microscope might drift relative to a filter wheel mounted on a separate, stable surface. In such cases, it may be better to couple the Lambda 10 to the microscope with a flexible light guide. Contact Sutter Instrument for detail of our light-guide adapter system.

2.3

2.3 Installing the Controller

Installing the Controller

2.32.3

Installing the ControllerInstalling the Controller

2.3.1

2.3.1 Line Po

Line Power (Mains)

2.3.12.3.1

Line PoLine Po

wer (Mains)

wer (Mains)wer (Mains)

The power cord provided with the Lambda 10-2 connects to the Power Entry Module located on the back of the unit (see Figure 2-1). This Module also includes the Line Fuse and Voltage Selector Switch.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Figure 2-1. Lambda 10-2 Cabinet (rear view).

Confirm that the Voltage Selector Switch on the Power Entry Module is set to the proper value (110V a.c. or 220V a.c.). If it is not, turn the selector switch until the appropriate value is lined up with the indicator. You must also replace the fuse with the appropriate value (see the Technical Specifications), otherwise your protection from fire and electric shock may be compromised.

Make certain that the ON/OFF Switch located on the front panel of the Lambda 10-2 cabinet is turned OFF.

Figure 2-2. Lambda 10-2 Cabinet (front view)

Plug the power cord provided with the Lambda 10-2 into the Line Input socket on the Power Entry Module and then to a power source of the appropriate voltage and frequency.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Figure 2-3. Power connection

2.4

2.4 Installing the Filter Wheel

Installing the Filter Wheel

2.42.4

Installing the Filter WheelInstalling the Filter Wheel

If you have not yet mounted the filter wheel on the support hardware, please refer to the FIRST TIME USE chapter of this manual for instructions. Now move the mounted filter wheel to the approximate final location and adjust the filter wheel to the desired height. The filter wheel can be mounted on the posts in either orientation (optical port up or down), as required. The filter wheel can now be interfaced with other instruments (e.g. a microscope and a light source) using an appropriate adapter (Figure 2-4). If you need to purchase an adapter or require a custom adapter for your experimental setup, please contact the Technical Support staff at Sutter Instrument Company by phone (415 883-0128) or by Email (info@sutter.com).

Figure 2-4. Schematic diagram of two possible experimental configurations

The optical ports in the filter wheel housing and cover plate are threaded 1-32 (standard Cmount) allowing direct connection of like-threaded devices (camera adapters, microscope adapters, etc.)

project more than 0.180 inches into the port. Allow

project more than 0.180 inches into the port. Allowing threaded devices to penetrate

project more than 0.180 inches into the port. Allowproject more than 0.180 inches into the port. Allow further could result in damage to the filter wheel or filter cups.

further could result in damage to the filter wheel or filter cups.

further could result in damage to the filter wheel or filter cups. further could result in damage to the filter wheel or filter cups.

CAUTION

CAUTION: Care should be taken that any devices threaded into the ports

CAUTION CAUTION

: Care should be taken that any devices threaded into the ports not

: Care should be taken that any devices threaded into the ports : Care should be taken that any devices threaded into the ports

ing threaded devices to penetrate

ing threaded devices to penetrate ing threaded devices to penetrate

not

notnot

Once the filter wheel has been attached to the other instrument(s), tighten the wing screws to lock the filter wheel at its final height. It is intended that the filter wheel be supported on the two posts included with your system. These posts can be screwed into the base provided or into any surface with ¼”-20 holes drilled on 6” centers at an appropriate position on the

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

tabletop or optical bench. When using the support rod base always secure it to the tabletop using the toe clamps provided with the system.

If a heavy light source is to be used (such as a vapor lamp with integral igniter) it should have its own separate support system.

If your filter wheel has a shutter, the side of the filter wheel on which the shutter is installed (the “motor side” as shown in Figure 2-4) would typically be mounted toward the light source. Placing the shutter between the lamp and filters limits the amount of heat and light to which the filters are exposed and increases the filters’ useful lifetime.

2.4.1

2.4.1 Filter Wheel Assembly Set Up

Filter Wheel Assembly Set Up

2.4.12.4.1

Filter Wheel Assembly Set UpFilter Wheel Assembly Set Up

1. Assemble the two Support Rods to the Support Base. Flats have been machined near the

threaded end of these rods to facilitate tightening with a wrench. The pair of support base clamps should be used to anchor the base to some convenient location for testing. These clamps are designed to allow anchoring to any of the popular hole-patterns found in optical benches.

2. Slide the filter wheel down onto the support rods and lock it at a convenient height using

the wing screws on the mounting ears of the filter wheel.

Figure 2-5. Filter wheel mounting stand

3. Connect the controller and filter wheel(s) with the appropriate cable(s) provided. It is

important that the screws anchoring the cable ends be tight to ensure a good connection for the motor power leads and positioning signals.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Figure 2-6. Filter wheel connection

CAUTION:

CAUTION: DO NOT CONNECT OR DISCONNECT THE CABLES BETWEEN

CAUTION: CAUTION:

THE CONTROLLER AND THE MECHANICAL UNITS (FILTER WHEELS AND/OR

THE CONTROLLER AND THE MECHANICAL UNITS (FILTER WHEELS AND/OR THE CONTROLLER AND THE MECHANICAL UNITS (FILTER WHEELS AND/OR SHUTTER

SHUTTERS) WHILE POWER IS ON.

SHUTTERSHUTTER

S) WHILE POWER IS ON.

S) WHILE POWER IS ON. S) WHILE POWER IS ON.

DO NOT CONNECT OR DISCONNECT THE CABLES BETWEEN

DO NOT CONNECT OR DISCONNECT THE CABLES BETWEEN DO NOT CONNECT OR DISCONNECT THE CABLES BETWEEN

Please allow at least 20 seconds after turning the unit off before disconnecting the

Please allow at least 20 seconds after turning the unit off before disconnecting the Please allow at least 20 seconds after turning the unit off before disconnecting the mechanical units. Failure to do this may result in damage to the electronics.

mechanical units. Failure to do this may result in damage to the electronics.

mechanical units. Failure to do this may result in damage to the electronics.mechanical units. Failure to do this may result in damage to the electronics.

2.5

2.5 First Time Use

First Time Use

2.52.5

First Time UseFirst Time Use

Make certain that the Lambda 10-2 controller is properly connected to the mains power (refer to Section 2.3.1 and to Figure 2-1 and Figure 2-2).

2.5.1

2.5.1 Make It Go

Make It Go

2.5.12.5.1

Make It GoMake It Go

1. Turn on the power using the ON/OFF switch on the front panel of the Lambda 10-2

controller cabinet (see Figure 2-2). The controller will briefly display an initialization screen and the filter wheel will automatically go to the “Home” (0) filter position. The current filter position will appear on the controller front panel display.

Filter position currently selected on Filter Wheel A

FILTER-A # 0 SP. 2 B NOT CONNECTED PARALLEL SHUTTER A-OFF B-OFF

Figure 2-7. Initialization screen.

2. The Lambda 10-2 will initially be set to respond to the parallel port as its input source.

To manually select a filter you must first press the LOCAL key on the keypad. The display will now indicate that the MANUAL (keypad) input source is active.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

FILTER-A # 0 SP. 2 B NOT CONNECTED MANUAL-A SHUTTER A-OFF B-OFF

Input source currently selected (MANUAL=keypad)

Figure 2-8. Initialization screen in local mode.

3. Press any numeric key on the keypad to manually select the corresponding filter position.

4. To select the filter wheel speed press the SPEED key on the keypad. The display will

prompt you through the SPEED change routine. The smaller the number you enter (0 to

7), the faster the filter wheel will move. The default SPEED setting upon startup is 2.

5. If a shutter is installed, press the SHUTR key on the keypad to toggle the shutter open

and closed. See the MANUAL CONTROL chapter for a more detailed description of shutter operation.

Now that you have completed this FIRST TIME USE section of this manual, you should be familiar with the basic components and the MANUAL operation of the Lambda 10-2. To get set up for an experimental application you will need to:



Install the desired filters into the FILTER WHEEL.



Install the filter wheel into the optical pathway using the appropriate adapter.



Establish the desired INTERFACE between the Lambda 10-2 and your computer.

Each of these steps is discussed in the following sections of the manual.

2.6

2.6 Loading Filters

Loading Filters

2.62.6

Loading FiltersLoading Filters

2.6.1

2.6.1 Filter Orientation

Filter Orientation

2.6.12.6.1

Filter OrientationFilter Orientation

The two sides of a filter are usually not identical due to differences in their surface coatings. Some form of labeling will be present to differentiate the two sides if this is the case. It is important to refer to the filter manufacturer’s documentation to interpret the labeling and determine the proper orientation relative to the light source.

2.6.2

2.6.2 Filter Cups and Filter Holders

Filter Cups and Filter Holders

2.6.22.6.2

Filter Cups and Filter HoldersFilter Cups and Filter Holders

At each filter position on the filter wheel, is a filter cup assembly to hold one 1” filter. The Lambda 10-2 also comes with two removable 1” filter holders that can be placed into the optical pathway to accommodate “fixed” filters, such as neutral density filters. The filter holders will be either a “drop in” style if no shutter is installed (item 6 in Figure 1-1) or a “slide in” style if a shutter is installed (item 6 in Figure 1-2).

There are at least two components installed into each filter cup or holder before the Lambda 10-2 is shipped: a threaded retaining ring to secure the filter into the cup (or holder), and a spacer ring. In all but one of the filter cups, and in one of the filter holders, there will also be a blanking disc. Figure 2-9 depicts these items using the drop-in filter holder as an example.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Figure 2-9. Filter holder components



Retaining Ring.

Retaining Ring. This ring is threaded on its outside surface and has two slots on its top

Retaining Ring. Retaining Ring. edge. It is intended that the two slots be used for the removal and installation of the retaining ring when using the spanner wrench that is provided with the Lambda 10-2 (shown in Figure 2-9). Note how the design of the spanner wrench differs between 25, 32, and 50 mm filter sizes.



SSSSpacer Ring.

pacer Ring. This ring is unthreaded and serves to evenly carry the force of the retaining

pacer Ring. pacer Ring. ring to the bottom of the filter cup or holder. It is recommended that the spacer be used anytime a blanking disc is installed or the filter cup or holder is. The spacer ring should also be used whenever the thickness of an installed filter allows its use. Maximum filter thicknesses for the filter cup and holders are specified below in Table 2-1.



Blanking Disc.

Blanking Disc. In all but one of the filter cups (and one of the filter holders), there will

Blanking Disc.Blanking Disc. also be a blanking disc. These are meant to prevent transmission of the high intensity light to the microscope through unused filter positions. This is primarily a safety feature, which reduces the probability that the operator will look into the optical pathway when dangerous, high intensity, unfiltered light is present and magnified. A blanking disc in a filter cup can also function as a shutter in an experimental protocol.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Table 2-1. Maximum allowable filter thickness.

With Spacer

(Millimeters) (Inches) (Millimeters) (Inches)

Slide

Slide----in holder

in holder 1.38 0.054 4.56 0.18

SlideSlide

in holderin holder

Drop

Drop----in holder

in holder 2.2 0.086 5.38 0.212

DropDrop

in holderin holder

Filter cup

Filter cup 5.89 0.2315 9.07 0.3575

Filter cupFilter cup

2.6.3

2.6.3 Installation of Filters into Filter Holders

Installation of Filters into Filter Holders

2.6.32.6.3

Installation of Filters into Filter HoldersInstallation of Filters into Filter Holders

With Spacer Without Spacer

With SpacerWith Spacer

Without Spacer

Without SpacerWithout Spacer

Installation of filters into the filter holders requires care and patience to avoid damaging the threads as well as the filters. The following procedures describe this process and should be practiced with a drop-in (or slide-in) filter holder before attempting to load filters into the filter cups.

Figure 2-10. Removing the retaining ring

The threaded retaining ring has two notches cut into it, 180 degrees apart. Place the teeth (for 25mm; Figure 2-10) or notches (32 or 50 mm) of the spanner wrench into the notches on the retaining ring and carefully turn it counter-clockwise to unscrew it.

Once the retaining ring is removed, the spacer (and blank, if present) should be easily removed. You should become familiar with the assembly of this retaining system. In particular, you should develop a feel for turning the retaining ring without pushing down on the driver or wrench. This is important because if you forcefully push on the filter holder while you are trying to load a filter, you run the risk of scratching the filter if the tool slips out of place!

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Figure 2-11. Installing a filter into a Slide-In Filter Holder.

Figure 2-12. Assembly order of filter holder parts

Place the desired filter into the filter holder, first. With some 1” filters extra care must be taken to avoid getting the filters jammed at an angle.

Next, install the spacer ring into the filter holder. Unless the filter thickness precludes the use of the spacer ring (see Figure 2-12), always install the spacer. This helps to provide maximum separation between the filter surface and end of the tool that is used to turn the retaining ring.

Finally, install the threaded retaining ring. DO NOT OVER TIGHTEN THE RETAINING RING! It need only be tightened until it is firmly seated.

2.6.4

2.6.4 Installation of Filters into Filter Cups

Installation of Filters into Filter Cups

2.6.42.6.4

Installation of Filters into Filter CupsInstallation of Filters into Filter Cups

Loading filters into the filter cups on the filter wheel follows the same procedure as described above for loading filters into filter holders. There is, however, the additional complication of working through the filter wheel housing. To gain access to the filter cups on

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

the wheel, unscrew the access plug from the loading port on the motor housing (i.e., the motor side of the filter wheel). A large coin or other suitable implement can be used to remove the plug. Once removed, the retaining ring in the underlying filter cup is accessible through that port.

To align the filter position you wish to load with the loading port, it is easiest to use the controller to identify and position the filter cups. To begin, connect the Filter Wheel to the controller (see the FIRST TIME USE chapter for a brief description of the principles of operation). When you first turn on the controller, the Filter Wheel will “HOME” itself, aligning the “0” filter position with the Optical Port and filter position #5 with the Loading Port. The filter being in the Loading Port is five positions removed from the one indicated by the controller display (i.e., the one at the OPTICAL PORT). This relationship between the filter position indicated by the controller and the filter position at the LOADING PORT is illustrated in Figure 2-13.

Filter position at optical port 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Filter position at loading port 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4

Figure 2-13. Filter ports (plug is removed from the loading port)

After identifying and positioning the filter cup to be loaded, it is advisable to turn off the controller before removing the retaining ring from the filter cup. Follow the procedures described above for installation of filters into filter holders.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

CAUTION: An extra word of caution about excessive force is warranted at this

CAUTION: An extra word of caution about excessive force is warranted at this CAUTION: An extra word of caution about excessive force is warranted at this

point.

point. DO NOT APPLY EXCESSIVE FORCE! Not only do you run the risk of

point. point. damaging the filter but also the filter wheel itself can be permanently distorted by

damaging the filter but also the filter wheel itself can be permanently distorted by

damaging the filter but also the filter wheel itself can be permanently distorted by damaging the filter but also the filter wheel itself can be permanently distorted by pushing too hard against the retaining ring with the driver or wrench. If you

pushing too hard against the retaining ring with the driver or wrench. If you

pushing too hard against the retaining ring with the driver or wrench. If you pushing too hard against the retaining ring with the driver or wrench. If you experience problems securing th

experience problems securing the retaining ring, back the ring off the filter cup and try

experience problems securing thexperience problems securing th again.

again.

again.again.

After loading the filter(s), check each newly loaded filter position to make sure that the retaining ring is not projecting above the top edge of the filter cup then replace the loading port plug.

Another potential complication of loading filters into the filter cups can occur if the retaining ring has been previously over-tightened. In this case, it is possible that the filter cup itself will begin to unscrew from the wheel as the retaining ring is turned. If this occurs, STOP! Turn the spanner wrench so that the widest end is toward the filter cup and slip the wrench into the two notches in the edge of the cup. Then turn the wrench clockwise to screw the cup back into the slider. DO NOT push on the cup. Just screw it in until it seats firmly. It should then be possible to remove the retaining ring as described above without the cup turning.

DO NOT APPLY EXCESSIVE FORCE! Not only do you run the risk of

DO NOT APPLY EXCESSIVE FORCE! Not only do you run the risk of DO NOT APPLY EXCESSIVE FORCE! Not only do you run the risk of

e retaining ring, back the ring off the filter cup and try

e retaining ring, back the ring off the filter cup and try e retaining ring, back the ring off the filter cup and try

It may appear that removal of the cover plate from the housing would facilitate loading filters. This is not the case! Removal of the cover plate will not give you access to the filter cup side of the wheel and may lead to misalignment of and damage to the Filter Wheel. Under no conditions should y

Under no conditions should you ever remove the cover plate or the filter wheel from the

Under no conditions should yUnder no conditions should y motor shaft

motor shaft. Removal of the cover plate or the wheel from the shaft will void your warranty.

motor shaftmotor shaft

2.7

2.7 Filter Loading Tips

Filter Loading Tips

2.72.7

Filter Loading TipsFilter Loading Tips

2.7.1

2.7.1 Selection of a Filter Position

Selection of a Filter Position

2.7.12.7.1

Selection of a Filter PositionSelection of a Filter Position

In most cases any given filter could be installed at any of the ten FILTER POSITIONS. However, some minor considerations may improve performance of the system. Adjacent FILTER POSITIONS will require less switching time. Therefore, if an experiment will require rapid switching between 2 filters they should be located next to one another. If separation by one or more occupied filter positions is necessary, keep in mind that there will be brief transitions through, possibly, undesirable wavelengths as light transmits through those intervening filter(s) unless a shutter is installed and programmed for use.

2.7.2

2.7.2 Use of Blanking Discs

Use of Blanking Discs

2.7.22.7.2

Use of Blanking DiscsUse of Blanking Discs

The blanking discs should only be removed from those positions that will contain a filter. The discs are intended as a safety device to reduce the risk of the user sustaining serious and permanent eye damage from looking in the microscope when dangerous high intensity light is present. We strongly urge that the discs be used. Please be careful and avoid the possibility of direct visualization of high intensity light.

ou ever remove the cover plate or the filter wheel from the

ou ever remove the cover plate or the filter wheel from the ou ever remove the cover plate or the filter wheel from the

2.7.3

2.7.3 Neutral Density Filters

Neutral Density Filters

2.7.32.7.3

Neutral Density FiltersNeutral Density Filters

The individual filter holders are typically used for neutral density filters and are installed as described above.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

3. OPE RAT ION S

OPE RATI ON S

3.3.

OPE RATI ON SOP ERAT ION S

3.1

3.1 First Time Use

First Time Use

3.13.1

First Time UseFirst Time Use

For first time use of the Lambda 10-2 during the installation process, please refer to Section

2.5 (First Time Use) in Chapter 2 (INSTALLATION).

3.2

3.2 Principles of Operation

Principles of Operation

3.23.2

Principles of OperationPrinciples of Operation

The Lambda 10-2 controller can be operated locally (manually) from the controller keypad or remotely from a computer through either the parallel or serial port. These three operational modes (manual, parallel and serial) are functionally identical. Each allows the user to select:



Active filter wheel



Filter position



Filter switching speed



Shutter position (opened/closed state)

The remainder of this chapter provides a detailed description of the controller’s rear panel connectors and front panel controls. Information needed to connect the power cord and filter wheel(s) is found in the FIRST TIME USE chapter. Instructions on operation of the controller and control of the filter wheel(s) manually from the keypad are presented in the MANUAL CONTROL chapter. The REMOTE CONTROL chapter explains control of the unit from a remote device, as well as supplying some technical details relevant to local operation. Technical details, which are not required for operation but which may help you understand the behavior of the unit, are found in APPENDIX A: Stepping Motor Operation.

CAUTION:

CAUTION: DO NOT CONNECT OR DISCONNECT THE CABLES BETWEEN

CAUTION: CAUTION:

THE CONTROLLER AND THE MECHANICAL UNITS (FILTER WHEELS AND/OR

THE CONTROLLER AND THE MECHANICAL UNITS (FILTER WHEELS AND/OR THE CONTROLLER AND THE MECHANICAL UNITS (FILTER WHEELS AND/OR SHUTTERS) WHILE POWER IS ON.

SHUTTERS) WHILE POWER IS ON.

SHUTTERS) WHILE POWER IS ON. SHUTTERS) WHILE POWER IS ON.

DO NOT CONNECT OR DISCONNECT THE CABLES BETWEEN

DO NOT CONNECT OR DISCONNECT THE CABLES BETWEEN DO NOT CONNECT OR DISCONNECT THE CABLES BETWEEN

Please allo

Please allow at least 20 seconds after turning the unit off before disconnecting the

Please alloPlease allo mechanical units. Failure to do this may result in damage to the electronics.

mechanical units. Failure to do this may result in damage to the electronics.

mechanical units. Failure to do this may result in damage to the electronics.mechanical units. Failure to do this may result in damage to the electronics.

3.3

3.3 Rear Panel Connectors

Rear Panel Connectors

3.33.3

Rear Panel ConnectorsRear Panel Connectors

w at least 20 seconds after turning the unit off before disconnecting the

w at least 20 seconds after turning the unit off before disconnecting the w at least 20 seconds after turning the unit off before disconnecting the

All electrical connections are all made on the rear panel of the Lambda 10-2. See the FIRST TIME USE chapter for details on connecting the power cord and filter wheel cable(s).

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Figure 3-1. Electrical connections

FILTER WHEEL (A and B):

FILTER WHEEL (A and B): These 15-pin DSUB connectors are used to link the Lambda 10-

FILTER WHEEL (A and B):FILTER WHEEL (A and B): 2 controller with the filter wheels (and shutters, if installed).

PARALLEL PORT

PARALLEL PORT: This 25-pin DSUB connector is used for establishing a parallel interface

PARALLEL PORTPARALLEL PORT between the Lambda 10-2 and a remote device (computer) using the cable provided. This cable should not be used simultaneously with the serial port cable.

SERIAL PORT

SERIAL PORT: This 9-pin DSUB connector is used for establishing a serial interface

SERIAL PORTSERIAL PORT between the Lambda 10-2 and a remote device (computer) using the cable provided. This cable should not be used simultaneously with the parallel port cable.

VOLTAGE SELECTOR

VOLTAGE SELECTOR: This switch selects the appropriate line voltage, 110 or 220 volts at

VOLTAGE SELECTORVOLTAGE SELECTOR 50 or 60 Hz, and is typically set at the factory before shipping.

LINE POWER

LINE POWER: This socket is used to connect the power cord to the Lambda 10-2.

LINE POWERLINE POWER

FUSE LABEL

FUSE LABEL: The information found on this label includes the model number of this

FUSE LABELFUSE LABEL instrument, the appropriate supply voltage(s), and the type(s) of fuse(s) required for the supply voltage(s).

FUSE

FUSE: Fuse compartment containing the supply voltage fuse and an extra fuse. Replace

FUSEFUSE blown fuses with a fuse of the appropriate value as given on the fuse label (back panel of the controller) or on the TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS page in this manual.

3.4

3.4 Front Panel Controls

Front Panel Controls

3.43.4

Front Panel ControlsFront Panel Controls

3.4.1

3.4.1 KKKKeypad

3.4.13.4.1

eypad

eypadeypad

Figure 3-2. Lambda 10-2 Controller Keypad

There are sixteen keys on the Lambda 10-2 keypad: Ten numerical keys (0 to 9), and six function keys. The microprocessor that controls the Lambda 10-2 reads the keys while they are depressed but the appropriate action will occur only when the key is released. If a key is pressed while a move is in progress but released after the move is over, the key will read normally. Keys pressed and released while a move is in progress are ignored.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

0000----9:

9: These keys are used to manually select filter positions and, with the SPEED key, to

9:9:

choose between the eight pre-set speeds.

SHUTR:

SHUTR: This key is used to manually open or close the shutter.

SHUTR:SHUTR:

SPEED:

SPEED: This key is used to access the SPEED selection mode.

SPEED:SPEED:

F1, F2:

F1, F2: These keys are used in MANUAL mode to select which Filter Wheel you wish to

F1, F2:F1, F2: command through the keypad. (F1=Wheel A; F2=Wheel B).

LOCAL:

LOCAL: Pressing this key puts the unit under MANUAL (keypad) control. This function

LOCAL:LOCAL: overrides all other input sources when pressed. This means that remote control through the parallel or serial port will be interrupted if this key is pressed and then released between executions of “ON LINE” commands.

ON LINE:

ON LINE: This key transfers control of the Lambda 10-2 to an interfaced external source,

ON LINE:ON LINE: such as a computer. This transfer can also be done by sending the correct signal from the external source as outlined under the interfacing section. The default input port is the PARALLEL PORT, so the display will indicate PARALLEL

PARALLEL after the ON LINE

PARALLEL PARALLEL

ON LINE key has been

ON LINEON LINE pressed. Both the parallel and serial ports are queried, however. Any time an appropriate command is received on the serial line, that port will then become the active input source, which will be reflected in the controller display.

3.4.2

3.4.2 RESET Button

RESET Button

3.4.23.4.2

RESET ButtonRESET Button

Pressing the RESET button at any time causes the controller to re-initialize, clearing the display and returning to the initialization screen.

3.4.3

3.4.3 Display

Display

3.4.33.4.3

DisplayDisplay

During normal operation, the vacuum fluorescent display on the front panel of the controller provides the current position of the filter wheel(s), the status of any shutters that may be installed and the active input source.

Filter position currently selected on Filter Wheel A

Speed currently selected for Wheel A

FILTER-A # 0 SP. 2 FILTER-B # 0 SP. 2 MANUAL-A SHUTTER A-OFF B-OFF

Input source currently selected (MANUAL=keypad)

Filter Wheel currently under MANUAL control

Status of the shutter on Wheel A (if installed)

Figure 3-3. Status display screen

3.5

3.5 Power

Power----Up Sequence

3.53.5

PowerPower

Up Sequence

Up SequenceUp Sequence

The control electronics for the filter changer are activated by the POWER switch (MAINS) on the front panel of the unit. Remember, when using an arc lamp with this system it is best to turn the lamp power supply on BEFORE turning on the Lambda 10-2. Lamp power

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

supplies are often electromagnetically “noisy” and can interrupt normal operation of microprocessor-controlled devices when they power up.

When power is applied, an initialization screen will be briefly displayed. Then each LAMBDA 10

LAMBDA 10----2222 filter wheel installed will begin to rotate at a slow rate until sensors in the

LAMBDA 10LAMBDA 10 mechanical units signal that the “0” filter position is lined up with the optical port. The current filter position will then be displayed on the front panel. When initializing the following parameters will be set to the default values indicated:



FILTER POSITION 0



SPEED 2



SHUTTER OFF (closed)



INPUT SOURCE PARALLEL port

Filter position currently selected on Filter Wheel A

Speed currently selected for Wheel A

FILTER-A # 0 SP. 2 FILTER-B # 0 SP. 2 PARALLEL SHUTTER A-OFF B-OFF

Input source currently selected is external control over parallel interface

Status of the shutter on Wheel A (if installed)

Figure 3-4. Status display defaults

The unit automatically selects the PARALLEL mode at power on. If the unit is under remote control, the display may change immediately to reflect the filter position, speed and shutter commands of the remote computer.

In order to manually select filter positions the MANUAL input source mode must be activated. The current INPUT mode will be indicated in the bottom left corner of the controller display. Press the LOCAL key to select the MANUAL mode.

3.5.1

3.5.1 Selecting the Wheel

Selecting the Wheel

3.5.13.5.1

Selecting the WheelSelecting the Wheel

If two Filter Wheels are installed, you must first select the wheel you wish to command by pressing the F1 or F2 key on the controller keypad.



F1 = Wheel A

oror



F2 = Wheel B

The selected filter wheel (A or B) will be indicated in the lower left corner of the controller display after the word “MANUAL”.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Filter position currently selected on Filter Wheel A

Speed currently selected for Wheel A

FILTER-A # 0 SP. 2 FILTER-B # 0 SP. 2 MANUAL-A SHUTTER A-OFF B-OFF

Input source currently selected (MANUAL=keypad)

Filter Wheel currently under MANUAL control

Status of the shutter on Wheel A (if installed)

Figure 3-5. Display showing selected filter wheel

3.5.2

3.5.2 Selecting

Selecting the Filter Position

3.5.23.5.2

SelectingSelecting

the Filter Position

the Filter Position the Filter Position

Now any filter position on the selected wheel can be chosen by pressing the corresponding numeric key. Keys are read while depressed but the appropriate action will occur only when the key is released. If a key is pressed while a move is in progress but released after the move is over, the key will read normally. Keys pressed and released while a move is in progress are ignored. The filter position currently located in the optical port will be indicated on the display (see example above).

3.5.3

3.5.3 Selecting the Filter Switching Speed

Selecting the Filter Switching Speed

3.5.33.5.3

Selecting the Filter Switching SpeedSelecting the Filter Switching Speed

To enter the SPEED selection mode, press the SPEED key on the keypad. The controller will prompt you to confirm entry into SPEED selection mode with the following display.

DO YOU WISH TO CHANGE THE FILTER WHEEL SPEED? 1 = YES, 0 = NO

Figure 3-6. Screen showing prompt for speed selection

Entering 1 will allow the entry of the desired SPEED setting. Enter 0 to escape the SPEED selection mode and return to normal operation.

ENTER A SPEED VALUE FROM 0 TO 7

Figure 3-7. Entering the speed

Speed 0 is the fastest speed and speed 7 is the slowest. Speed selection under computer control is covered in a separate section.

The switching times (in milliseconds) for each of the 8 speeds is given in Table 3-1. Note that a 5-filter position move is the longest move on the 10-position filter wheel, since the controller will always rotate the correct direction to make the fastest change of position. For a given speed, the time for a move to a non-adjacent filter position will take about 1.8, 2.5,

3.3 or 4 times as long as a move to an adjacent filter position, depending on the number of filters to be skipped. The highest speed that can be used will depend on the weight of the filters mounted in the wheel. In a 25mm, 10-position filter wheel equipped with two typical

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

filters and eight blocking disks, adjacent filters can be changed in 55 milliseconds with a speed setting of 1. A correspondingly-equipped 32mm wheel may require a lower speed.

Table 3-1. Filter switching times (in milliseconds)

NNNNUMBER OF FILTER POSITIONS MOVED

SPEED

SPEED SPEED

SETTING

SETTINGSETTING

0000 50 90 125 165 200

1111 55 99 138 182 220

2222 63 113 158 208 252

3333 78 140 195 257 312

4444 106 191 265 350 424

5555 164 295 410 541 656

6666 264 475 660 871 1056

7777 476 857 1190 1571 1904

1111 2222 3333 4444 5555

UMBER OF FILTER POSITIONS MOVED SPEED

UMBER OF FILTER POSITIONS MOVEDUMBER OF FILTER POSITIONS MOVED

3.5.4

3.5.4 Selecting the Shutter Positi

Selecting the Shutter Position (Open/Close)

3.5.43.5.4

Selecting the Shutter PositiSelecting the Shutter Positi

If you press the LOCAL

LOCAL key, the display’s second line will contain the active input source,

LOCALLOCAL

on (Open/Close)

on (Open/Close)on (Open/Close)

the wheel selected and the status of the shutter(s).

FILTER-A # 0 SP. 2 B NOT CONNECTED MANUAL-A SHUTTER A-OFF B-OFF

Input source currently selected (MANUAL=keypad)

Filter Wheel currently under MANUAL control

Status of the shutter on Wheel A (if installed)

Figure 3-8. Status display screen after pressing LOCAL.

The above example indicates that both shutters are “OFF” (closed) and that Wheel and Shutter “A” are selected for “MANUAL” control. Going to the LOCAL mode from either REMOTE mode (parallel or serial) closes both shutters automatically. Once the MANUAL input source has been selected, pressing the shutter (SHUTR) key will toggle (open/close) the status of Shutter A. To control Wheel B and Shutter B, press the F2 key to select them as the active components. The display will change from “MANUAL-A” to “MANUAL-B”. Pressing the SHUTR key will now toggle (open/close) Shutter B. In general, the shutter status will not change when going from LOCAL to ON LINE (to either SERIAL or PARALLEL control) until a new shutter command is sent from the remote computer.

3.5.5

3.5.5 Error Detection and Recovery

Error Detection and Recovery

3.5.53.5.5

Error Detection and RecoveryError Detection and Recovery

The Lambda 10-2 contains two sensor systems that are used to monitor the actual position of the filter wheel. After the controller sends the step sequence for a move to a new filter position, it compares the output of these sensors with the expected position. If there is no match, the error recovery sequence is started. First, the wheel is rotated until Filter 0 (zero)

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

is in position. Then the unit continues to rotate at a slow rate until the correct filter is in position. An ERROR signal is reported to the active interface.

3.5.6

3.5.6 Movement Errors: Causes and Solutions

Movement Errors: Causes and Solutions

3.5.63.5.6

Movement Errors: Causes and SolutionsMovement Errors: Causes and Solutions

3.5.6.1 Filter Weight vs. Speed

The Lambda 10-2 is optimized for the fastest exchange of two filters in research applications. One element of the Lambda 10-2’s overall design that contributes to its superior performance is the acceleration and deceleration profiles that are pre-programmed into the microprocessor commanding the motor. There is a separate profile for each combination of

selected speed

and

number of positions to be moved

. The motor commands produced from these profiles result in exceedingly smooth and efficient filter wheel movements. The motor, however, is driven at its rated power which limits its ability to overcome the inertial load of the filter wheel if the weight of the wheel is increased by installing more (or heavier) filters. Increases in filter wheel weight, then, can lead to movement errors unless a slower

setting

is selected1. Detection of a movement error will initiate the RECOVERY routine

speed

described above, sending the wheel to the HOME (0) position.

3.5.6.2 Oscillation when Stopping

If the desired configuration of filters in your filter wheel results in a weight that is slightly excessive for the chosen speed, the filter wheel may oscillate instead of stopping quickly when the selected filter has rotated into position. Even though this may not be detected as an error by the controller, it is advisable to use a slower speed. This will cause a slower acceleration and deceleration profile to be used and, by eliminating the oscillations, may actually allow the move to be completed more quickly.

3.5.6.3 Oscillations when Moving

Selecting a slower speed will generally eliminate errors caused by excessive total filter wheel weight, but there are other considerations. For a given weight, some of the slow speeds may induce oscillations during movement. This is a result of stepping the motor near the resonance frequency (see Appendix A). Selecting a higher or lower speed will generally solve this problem.

3.5.6.4 Movement Errors after Successive Moves

With an optimal combination of speed and load-weight, it may be possible to give a new command as soon as the last move is complete. On the other hand, if the selected speed is improper for the load, as outlined above, oscillations (too small to be detected as movement errors) may be sufficient to carry-over from the end of one move to the beginning of the next. This can occur even when the delay between moves is more than 50 msec. It is possible, then, to experience movement errors after changing only the delay interval between moves. If you are making moves with a very short delay interval and errors are detected with some frequency, it is wise to consider this possibility before addressing the

WHY NOT JUST USE A LARGER MOTOR. As the inertia increases, an increase in the force required to achieve a given acceleration and deceleration becomes necessary. Since the step motor in the LAMBDA 10-2 is operated at rated power, an increase in force could only be obtained by using a larger motor. This, in fact, is not a very satisfactory solution for the following reasons. First, larger motors have a higher intrinsic inertia. Second, if the larger motor has a larger diameter it would require that the filter wheel diameter also be expanded to move the filters radially so that the optical pathway clears the motor housing. Third, if the length (along the shaft) of the larger motor were longer, it would increase the optical path length, which is not desirable. At best, the net result of a larger motor might be a slight increase in speed when fully loaded, but at a cost of slowing the response when relatively few filters are loaded.

selected speed

. Try

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

using a long time interval (1 second) between moves to test whether the length of the interval is contributing to the error rate.

3.5.7

3.5.7 Helpful Tips about Movement Errors

Helpful Tips about Movement Errors

3.5.73.5.7

Helpful Tips about Movement ErrorsHelpful Tips about Movement Errors

Always

Always determine the appropriate speed by using the same filter wheel load weight and

AlwaysAlways timing intervals that will be required in your experimental protocol.

timing intervals that will be required in your experimental protocol. There is a tendency

timing intervals that will be required in your experimental protocol. timing intervals that will be required in your experimental protocol.

determine the appropriate speed by using the same filter wheel load weight and

determine the appropriate speed by using the same filter wheel load weight and determine the appropriate speed by using the same filter wheel load weight and

for users to test the Lambda 10-2 in their system using little, if any, delay between commands even though a pause occurs during an actual experiment.

If your application requires the delay between moves to be minimal

If your application requires the delay between moves to be minimal experiment with small

If your application requires the delay between moves to be minimalIf your application requires the delay between moves to be minimal changes in the delay to find the best value and then keep the delay at that value. If your protocol precludes you from increasing the delay, use a slower speed to eliminate the oscillation. If you cannot use a slower speed, you must reduce the filter wheel weight to eliminate the movement errors.

If the weight is clearly excessive for the chosen speed

If the weight is clearly excessive for the chosen speed select a slower speed. Make sure you

If the weight is clearly excessive for the chosen speedIf the weight is clearly excessive for the chosen speed also address the question of the delay interval before you become very serious about the speed of operation.

Remember, unless having a short delay interval is important, the solution to frequent movement errors will usually require some compromise between having fast filter switching speed and having the convenience of keeping many filters loaded.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

4. EXT ERNA L C ONT ROL OPE RAT ION S

EXTE RNA L C ONT ROL OPE RAT I ON S

4.4.

EXTE RNA L C ONT ROL OPE RAT I ON SEX T ERN AL CON TROL OP ERA TION S

4.1

4.1 General

General

4.14.1

GeneralGeneral

The Lambda 10-2 microprocessor sets the PARALLEL port, by default, as the input source upon startup and anytime the ON LINE key is pressed. An appropriate command from the remote computer through the PARALLEL port will also set that port as the active input source and the display on the controller will reflect that change on its bottom line. The PARALLEL port will remain active until an appropriate command is sent from a remote computer through the SERIAL port or until the LOCAL key is pressed on the controller keypad. This chapter will discuss these connections and the structure of the data that is required from your computer for controlling the filter wheel(s) and shutter(s) through the PARALLEL port. Many of the details about the command structure will also apply to use of the SERIAL port for remotely controlling the Lambda 10-2.

4.2

4.2 Parallel Interface

Parallel Interface

4.24.2

Parallel InterfaceParallel Interface

4.2.1

4.2.1 Connecting to the Parallel Port Interface

Connecting to the Parallel Port Interface

4.2.14.2.1

Connecting to the Parallel Port InterfaceConnecting to the Parallel Port Interface

The parallel interface connector on the back of the cabinet is a DB-25 connector. This port is designed for connection to a standard parallel port on a computer and is not to be connected to any other type of device. The pin assignments for this connector are, as viewed from the back of the unit, shown below.

Figure 4-1. Parallel interface DB-25 connector on the Lambda 10-2.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Wheel Select Bit

Table 4-1. Lambda 10-2 Parallel Interface Pin Assignments

Pin #

Pin #Pin #

1 Not Connected (NC)

2 Bit 0 for Filter Position

3 Bit 1 for Filter Position

4 Bit 2 for Filter Position

5 Bit 3 for Filter Position

6 Bit 0 for Speed

7 Bit 1 for Speed

8 Bit 2 for Speed

10 NC

11 Busy Line Output

12 Error Line Output

13 NC

14 Shutter

15 NC

16 NC

17 NC

18 NC

19 NC

20 NC

21 NC

22 NC

23 NC

24 Ground

25 Ground

Function

FunctionFunction

4.2.2

4.2.2 Input Command Structure

Input Command Structure

4.2.24.2.2

Input Command StructureInput Command Structure

Input Commands to the controller via the parallel port are structured in a one-byte (8-bit) signal. These eight bits are transmitted to the Lambda 10-2 controller via the eight input lines (Pin 2 through Pin 9) of the parallel port connector. The eight bits can be used to convey two types of input commands.



Filter Commands:

Filter Commands: These input commands select the desired filter position (0 – 9),

Filter Commands:Filter Commands: switching speed (0 – 7), and filter wheel (A or B).



Special Commands:

Special Commands: These input commands are used to set the controller to the ON

Special Commands:Special Commands: LINE (Remote) mode of operation, control the shutter(s) (when installed), and make BATCH TRANSFERS of input commands to the controller.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

The microprocessor is programmed to distinguish between these two types of input commands based on the bit pattern of the command, and will respond accordingly. These two types of commands are discussed in more detail in the following sections.

4.2.2.1 Filter Commands

When the 8-bit command is identified by the controller as a filter command, the bit pattern is actually interpreted as three separate commands (or command parameters). The filter position is encoded in the four “least significant” bits, the speed is encoded in the “next three most significant” bits, and the wheel select is encoded in the “most significant” bit. These three functionally distinct filter command parameters are described in the following:



Filter Position Group (Pins 2

Filter Position Group (Pins 2 ---- 5)

Filter Position Group (Pins 2 Filter Position Group (Pins 2

5). These four bits select the desired filter position and,

5) 5) in part, encode Special Commands. This group is treated as a four-place binary number, with the equivalent decimal values 0 through 9 corresponding to the selected filter position. Binary codes with decimal values greater than 9 are ignored, unless the binary value (in conjunction with the Speed Group Bits) corresponds with the decimal equivalent of one of the Special Command Codes listed later in this chapter.



Speed Group (Pins 6

Speed Group (Pins 6 ---- 8)

Speed Group (Pins 6 Speed Group (Pins 6

8). These three bits select the speed of movement used in

8) 8) advancing to the next filter. The speed group is treated as a three-place binary number whose equivalent decimal value, 0 through 7, corresponds to the selected speed.



Wheel Bit (Pin 9).

Wheel Bit (Pin 9). This bit selects the filter wheel to which the filter position and speed

Wheel Bit (Pin 9).Wheel Bit (Pin 9). commands will be directed. If this bit is low (0), Filter Wheel “A” will be selected. If this bit is high (1), Filter Wheel “B” will be selected. The filter position and speed values will be passed only to the wheel selected.

To send a filter command via the PARALLEL port the binary value must first be determined for the desired filter position, switching speed (4 bits and 3 bits, respectively), as well as the filter wheel (1 bit). Then these eight bits must be set, in the proper order, on the controller’s PARALLEL port, as shown below.

Table 4-2. Filter command structure

Functional Bit Groups

Functional Bit GroupsFunctional Bit Groups

Byte Bit #

Byte Bit # 7777 6666 5555 4444 3333 2222 1111 0000

Byte Bit #Byte Bit #

Group

Group Wheel

GroupGroup

Group Bit #

Group Bit # 0000 2222 1111 0000 3333 2222 1111 0000

Group Bit #Group Bit #

Decimal Group

Decimal Group Decimal Group Values

Values

ValuesValues

Decimal Group

cimal Group

DeDe

cimal Group cimal Group

Value Examples

Value ExamplesValue Examples

Binary Group

Binary Group Binary Group Values

Values

ValuesValues

Binary Group Value

Binary Group Value Binary Group Value Examples

Examples

ExamplesExamples Parallel Port Pin #

Parallel Port Pin # 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

Parallel Port Pin #Parallel Port Pin #

Wheel Speed

WheelWheel

0 0 - 7 0 - 9

0 5 7

0 000 - 111 0000 - 1001

0 101 0111

Speed Filter Position

SpeedSpeed

Filter Position

Filter PositionFilter Position

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

In Table 4-2, “Decimal Group Value Examples” are equivalent to the values of the desired filter wheel (0 = Wheel A), switching speed (5) and filter position (7). Their binary equivalents are shown as the “Binary Group Values”. These eight bits are the raw data, then, that serve as a filter command to select the filter position, switching speed and filter wheel via the Lambda 10-2 controller’s serial or parallel port.

When the controller is in the ON LINE (Remote) mode, the eight input lines on the parallel port are examined at 50 microsecond intervals. If the value on the 8-bit input lines (pins 2 -

9) has changed from the previous query, and if the new filter group value (pins 2 - 5) are in the range of 0 to 9, the controller will respond as commanded with a change in the filter position of the appropriate filter wheel. In the above example (Table 4-2), Filter Wheel A will move to Filter Position 7, using Speed 5.

4.2.2.2 Special Commands: ON LINE, BATCH, and SHUTTER Commands

When the 8-bit command is identified by the controller as a “Special Command”, the bit pattern is interpreted as a single command encoded by all eight bits. The functions of the special commands are described below along with the decimal, hexadecimal, and binary values that encode them.

Command

CommandCommand

Transfer Control to

Transfer Control to Transfer Control to Computer (On Line)

Computer (On Line)

Computer (On Line)Computer (On Line)

Batch Transfer

Batch Transfer 223

Batch TransferBatch Transfer

Open Shutter A

Open Shutter A 170

Open Shutter AOpen Shutter A

Open Shutter A

Open Shutter A Open Shutter A Conditionally

Conditionally

ConditionallyConditionally

Close Shutter A

Close Shutter A 172

Close Shutter AClose Shutter A

Value

ValueValue

(Decimal,,

hexadecimal,

binary)

238

11101110

11011111

10101010

171

10101011

10101100

Table 4-3. Special command codes.

When the controller is in the local mode, the unit will be forced to go ON LINE if this code is sent. The input port from which this command is received will become active. Sending this command via one input when the other input is active will cause the unit to change remote input modes. WARNING: If 238 is the current command of either input, do not send 238 via the other channel and do not attempt to go to the local mode! In either case, the controller will loop between modes continuously requiring the controller to be RESET.

The controller reads the next four commands and acts on them in quick succession before acting on any subsequent command.

Opens Shutter A

Opens Shutter A while Wheel A is stopped. The shutter will close each time the wheel moves and then will open again at the end of the move.

Closes Shutter A

Description

DescriptionDescription

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Command

CommandCommand

Open Shutter B

Open Shutter B 186

Open Shutter BOpen Shutter B

Open Shutter B

Open Shutter B Open Shutter B Conditionally

Conditionally

ConditionallyConditionally

Close Shutter B

Close Shutter B 188

Close Shutter BClose Shutter B

Value

ValueValue

(Decimal,,

hexadecimal,

binary)

10111010

187

10111011

10111100

Description

Opens Shutter B

Opens Shutter B while Wheel B is stopped. The shutter will close each time Wheel B moves and then will open again at the end of the move.

Closes Shutter B

DescriptionDescription

Transfer Control to Computer (ON LINE).

Transfer Control to Computer (ON LINE). When sent via the parallel port this command

Transfer Control to Computer (ON LINE). Transfer Control to Computer (ON LINE). will select the parallel port as the input source, setting the controller ON LINE. This change in input mode will be indicated in the bottom line of the controller’s display.

Shutter Control using Special Commands.

Shutter Control using Special Commands. Six of the eight special commands described in

Shutter Control using Special Commands. Shutter Control using Special Commands. Table 4-3 are used to control the status of the shutters. The functions of each of those commands are described there. For a description of an alternative method of remote shutter control, see the description of the Dedicated TTL Line

Batch Transfer of Commands via the Parallel Port:

Batch Transfer of Commands via the Parallel Port: In order to quickly transfer commands

Batch Transfer of Commands via the Parallel Port: Batch Transfer of Commands via the Parallel Port: for both wheels and shutters, you should use the the

BATCH TRANSFER

command, 223. When the BUSY

Dedicated TTL Line later in this chapter.

Dedicated TTL LineDedicated TTL Line

BATCH TRANSFER

BUSY signal drops low send the desired

BUSYBUSY

method. First, send

commands in the following order:

1. Shutter A command

2. Shutter B command

3. Filter/Speed/Wheel A command

4. Filter/Speed/Wheel B command

Make sure that the BUSY next command. Once the controller has received the

BUSY signal drops low after each command is sent before sending the

BUSYBUSY

BATCH TRANSFER

command, the unit will not respond until all four commands have been received. With this approach, the four commands can be passed in less than five (5) milliseconds. The values of each of the four types of command are distinct, so the controller may be able to respond correctly even if the four commands are sent in a different order. Sending the commands in the correct order assures the best performance.

The following listing lists a

Microsoft QuickBasic

program for batch transfer through a PC

parallel (printer) port.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Listing 4-1. Batch transfer via PC parallel port program.

FOR I% = 0 TO 4 'LOOP THROUGH 5 COMMAND VALUES IF I% = 0 THEN X = 223 'SEND THE BATCH COMMAND NUMBER IF I% = 1 THEN X = SHUTA 'SEND THE SHUTTER A COMMAND VALUE IF I% = 2 THEN X = SHUTB 'SEND THE SHUTTER B COMMAND VALUE IF I% = 3 THEN X = FILTERA + 16 * SPEEDA 'SEND FILTER, SPEED, 'SELECT BITS FOR WHEEL A IF I% = 4 THEN X = FILTERB + 16 * SPEEDB + 128 ‘'SEND FILTER, 'SPEED, SELECT BITS FOR WHEEL B OUT BASEPORT, X 'SEND TO PRINTER PORT GOSUB BUSY 'WAIT UNTIL THE LAMBDA IS READY

NEXT I%

4.2.2.3 Output Command Structure: BUSY and ERROR lines

The LAMBDA 10

LAMBDA 10----2222 features two output lines; BUSY

LAMBDA 10LAMBDA 10

BUSY and ERROR

BUSYBUSY

ERROR (parallel port Pin #11 and

ERRORERROR #12, respectively). These lines report the status of the filter wheel movement as described below.



Busy Line (P

Busy Line (Pin #11).

Busy Line (PBusy Line (P

in #11). — The BUSY

in #11).in #11).

BUSY line indicates that a move is in progress. Upon

BUSYBUSY receiving a new input command, the controller sets the BUSY output line high. The BUSY

BUSY line will remain high until the controller is ready to accept new data. Changes in

BUSYBUSY speed value or shutter status require less than 1 msec for the BUSY

BUSY line to go low, again.

BUSYBUSY Selection of a new filter position, however, requires the move to be completed before the BUSY

BUSY line returns to low (even if in ERROR

BUSYBUSY

ERROR mode, see below). If both a speed and a

ERRORERROR filter change have occurred, the speed change will be processed and the unit will then read the input again. If the same speed value is still there, the new filter value will then be read and acted upon. It is unlikely that the speed will ever be changed in a given series of moves, so this protocol is not likely to result in filter move delays.

NOTE: The status of the eight (8) input lines is not checked while the BUSY

BUSY line is high.

BUSYBUSY

Additionally, a short period (as much as 50 microseconds) exists between the time the controller detects a new value and when the BUSY

BUSY line is set high. Recall that the

BUSYBUSY microprocessor queries the port for changes in the status of the Input Lines at about 50 microsecond intervals. Checking the status of the BUSY

BUSY line within about 100

BUSYBUSY microseconds of sending an input command, then, may yield an anomalous “low” signal because of these two cumulative delays.



Error Line (Pin #12).

Error Line (Pin #12). — The ERROR

Error Line (Pin #12).Error Line (Pin #12).

ERROR signal indicates that an error has been detected

ERRORERROR and error recovery is in progress. The controller uses optical and magnetic sensors to verify that the correct filter is in position. If a command for a new filter is received and the correct new filter is not in position at the end of the change sequence, the sensors will indicate this to the controller. The controller will then set the ERROR enter the error recovery mode. The BUSY

BUSY line will also be set high.

BUSYBUSY

ERROR signal high and

ERRORERROR

In the ERROR

ERROR recovery mode, the wheel is rotated continuously until the sensors indicate

ERRORERROR that Filter 0 (zero) is in position. The wheel will then make a slow move to put the correct filter in position. The BUSY ERROR

ERROR signal will stay high only until Filter 0 (zero) is in position.

ERRORERROR

BUSY line will stay high until the correct filter is in position, but the

BUSYBUSY

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

4.2.3

4.2.3 Strategies for Controlling the Lambda 10

Strategies for Controlling the Lambda 10----2 via the Parallel Port

4.2.34.2.3

Strategies for Controlling the Lambda 10Strategies for Controlling the Lambda 10

2 via the Parallel Port

2 via the Parallel Port2 via the Parallel Port

4.2.3.1 Using Input Lines Only

The filter wheel may be controlled using only the eight input lines and ignoring the BUSY and ERROR

ERROR output lines from the controller. This may be desired to simplify the code

ERROR ERROR

BUSY

BUSYBUSY

required to execute your experimental protocol and would be particularly easy when using a protocol that requires switching only between adjacent filter positions, since the time for each change would be the same. Successful use of this strategy requires the following:



The fastest speed that allows execution of your protocol without errors must first be determined. If the filter wheel weight is not changed, the movement times will remain very consistent and the ERROR



The time required to complete the longest move must be estimated using the speed

ERROR line can be ignored.

ERRORERROR

determined above. This estimate can be made using Table 3-1 in the previous chapter. Unless the number of filter positions moved is increased in the protocol, the BUSY

BUSY line in

BUSYBUSY

a single wheel system can then be ignored.

NOTE: On power

NOTE: On power----up, the remote computer should not send its initial command until the

NOTE: On powerNOTE: On power filter wheel reaches its HOME position.

filter wheel reaches its HOME position.

filter wheel reaches its HOME position. filter wheel reaches its HOME position.

up, the remote computer should not send its initial command until the

up, the remote computer should not send its initial command until the up, the remote computer should not send its initial command until the

4.2.3.2 Using Fewer than Eight Input Lines

In some applications, not all of the eight input lines would have to be connected to the host computer. It is likely that the same speed will be used at all times with a given set of filters. Thus, the three lines that control speed could be directly wired so that the correct speed is always set. The direct wiring could even be made through a switch so that the speed could be changed if desired. If fewer than 9 of the ten filter positions will be used, it may be possible to direct wire some of the filter control lines, as well. With only one line, it is possible to select between two positions; with two lines, four positions are allowed, and three lines allows eight positions.

In the extreme case, then, where a protocol requiring the switching between only two filter positions is used, only a single logic level input line from the host computer to the controller (together with direct-wired connections to the other 7 lines) would be sufficient.

4.2.3.3 Using the BUSY Line

Reading the status of the BUSY

BUSY line would allow the host computer to determine if the unit

BUSYBUSY is ready to receive a command, if a command has been received, and when the new filter has been placed in position. Obviously, it is also possible for the host computer to control the timing of events based on the expected behavior of the Lambda 10-2 (as described above) using the BUSY

The status of the BUSY instance, the dropping of the BUSY beginning data collection. Using the BUSY for time required to recover time from errors. The BUSY indication that an error has occurred. If the BUSY

BUSY line only to verify that the controller is in the expected state.

BUSYBUSY

BUSY line could also be used as a condition for timing other events. For

BUSYBUSY

BUSY line could be used as the trigger for opening a shutter or

BUSYBUSY

BUSY line to trigger other events automatically allows

BUSYBUSY

BUSY line can even be used as an

BUSYBUSY

BUSY line fails to go low at the expected time

BUSYBUSY after a new command was issued, it may be assumed that the controller has detected an error and the filter wheel is in the process of recovering.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

4.2.3.4 Using the ERROR Line

The ERROR

ERROR line signals when an ERROR

ERRORERROR

ERROR

ERROR line normally would not be used to determine timing of program execution in the

ERRORERROR

ERROR in Filter Wheel movement has been detected. The

ERRORERROR

host computer, since it is active only after an error and, even then, it is not held high during the entire ERROR



What are the consequences of an error?

What are the consequences of an error?What are the consequences of an error?

ERROR recovery process. The use of the ERROR

ERRORERROR

Continuing normal program execution in the

ERROR line will depend on two factors

ERRORERROR

host computer during recovery from an error might cause problems such as wasted data storage, exposure of sensitive photo detectors, experimental preparation to strong light; or the recording of faulty data.



What is the burden placed on the host computer in ch

What is the burden placed on the host computer in checking the ERROR line.

What is the burden placed on the host computer in chWhat is the burden placed on the host computer in ch ERROR

ERROR line will go high only after a move that has been completed incorrectly, and will

ERRORERROR

ecking the ERROR line. The

ecking the ERROR line.ecking the ERROR line.

remain high only during part of the recovery from that error. Thus, the host computer would have to read the status of the ERROR

ERROR line just at the point in time at which data

ERRORERROR

collection should begin.

4.2.4

4.2.4 Using a Computer’s Parallel (Printer) Port

Using a Computer’s Parallel (Printer) Port

4.2.44.2.4

Using a Computer’s Parallel (Printer) PortUsing a Computer’s Parallel (Printer) Port

The standard PC parallel port provided for printer control may be used to control the Lambda 10-2. This, however, does not mean that instructions can be sent to the Lambda 102 in the same manner that they are sent to a printer. A printer is designed to print at its maximum rate and, if the computer generates output at a higher rate, the printer will store the output in a buffer until the mechanism is ready. If the buffer becomes full, the printer will indicate to the computer that it is not ready to accept more data. It follows that there is not a tight time relationship between the output of a command from the computer and the execution of that command by the printer.

The time relationship between output of data from the computer and response by the Lambda 10-2, in contrast, must be very tight. Thus, it is understandable that the mode with which the parallel port is used will differ somewhat for the Lambda 10-2 from that of a printer.

The details of the input and output signals were described in previous sections. Now we will discuss the way in which these signals may be used to control the Lambda 10-2 from a PC computer's parallel printer port. This information is provided as a limited example and is only intended to show the elements useful in controlling the Lambda 10-2 through a generic printer port. The user's individual requirements, hardware and software will dictate the actual program steps to be used. The approach in this example involves direct control over the state of input and output ports. The example programs have been run successfully on computers from several manufacturers without encountering any difficulties. However, given the wide range of hardware and software in use, it is impossible to anticipate all possible problems. Sutter Instrument Company thus cannot be responsible for any damages that might result from use of the example programs.

damages that might result from use of the example programs. The user should be

damages that might result from use of the example programs.damages that might result from use of the example programs.

Sutter Instrument Company thus cannot be responsible for any

Sutter Instrument Company thus cannot be responsible for any Sutter Instrument Company thus cannot be responsible for any

particularly careful that the address used for each of the various I/O ports is correct for the user's system.

The parallel printer port is actually composed of three I/O ports at three consecutive addresses. The first address corresponds to an 8-bit output port, the second to a 4-bit input port, and the third to a 5-bit input/output port. The first two ports are used in our example. The address of the first (output) port, which is the base address, should be one of three possible values, depending on the individual system.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

If the printer adapter is located on a display adapter, it will be called LPT 1 and will have a base address of 956 (3BC H). If there is no active printer adapter on a display adapter card, the primary printer adapter card will be called LPT1 and will have a base address of 888 (378 H). A second printer adapter card in the same system will be called LPT2 and will have a base address of 632 (278 H). Check the documentation of your system and the jumpers on the various adapter cards to be sure of the base address on the adapter you wish to use.

4.2.4.1 Connecting to the PC Parallel (Printer) Port

The connections to the parallel port are made through a DB 25 connector on your computer. The pin assignments for the parallel port socket are (as viewed from the plug side):

Figure 4-2. PC parallel (printer) port

Table 4-4. PC and Lambda 10-2 parallel port pin assignments

Pin #

Pin # PC PARALLEL PORT

Pin #Pin #

1 Strobe 1 Not Connected (NC) 2 Bit 0 Data 2 Filter Position Bit 0 3 Bit 1 Data 3 Filter Position Bit 1 4 Bit 2 Data 4 Filter Position Bit 2 5 Bit 3 Data 5 Filter Position Bit 3 6 Bit 4 Data 6 Speed Bit 0 7 Bit 5 Data 7 Speed Bit 1 8 Bit 6 Data 8 Speed Bit 2

9 Bit 7 Data 9 Wheel Select Bit 10 ACK 10 NC 11 Busy 11 Busy Line Output 12 PE 12 Error Line Output 13 Select 13 NC 14 Autofeed 14 Shutter 15 Error 15 NC 16 Init 16 NC 17 Select In 17 NC 18 Ground 18 NC 19 Ground 19 NC 20 Ground 20 NC 21 Ground 21 NC 22 Ground 22 NC 23 Ground 23 NC 24 Ground 24 Ground 25 Ground 25 Ground

PC PARALLEL PORT Pin #

PC PARALLEL PORTPC PARALLEL PORT

Pin # LAMBDA 10

Pin #Pin #

LAMBDA 10----2 CONTROLLER

LAMBDA 10LAMBDA 10

2 CONTROLLER

2 CONTROLLER2 CONTROLLER

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

4.2.4.2 Input Command Structure

Input Commands may be sent through the printer adapter using an OUT basic, or an equivalent command from another language. In

Microsoft QuickBasic

OUT command from

OUT OUT

of the command is:

the form

OUT

OUT port, data

OUT OUT

Where the decimal value of port would be 956, 888, or 632 depending on your system, and data would be a number indicating the desired speed and filter number.

The number to use for data can be generated from the desired speed and filter as follows:

data = wheel[0 for A; 128 for B] + (speed * 16) + filter position

Thus, to command a move to Wheel A, Filter Position 1, at Speed 1 (0 + 16 + 1 = 17), using a printer adapter having a base address of 888, you would use the following command:

OUT 888, 17

4.2.4.3 Output Command Structure: BUSY and ERROR Lines

The section Output Commands has a detailed explanation of the BUSY

BUSY and ERROR

BUSYBUSY

ERROR signals.

ERRORERROR That section also describes some of the factors to consider in deciding whether to read the BUSY

BUSY and ERROR

BUSYBUSY

ERROR signals. If you wish to read the status of the unit from your PC, this can

ERRORERROR be done through the 4-bit input port on the printer adapter. The address of this port will be the base address of the printer adapter, plus 1.

Table 4-5. PC printer adapter addresses

Address

Base

Base Input Port

BaseBase

Address

AddressAddress

Input Port

Input PortInput Port

LPT1 on Graphics Adapter

LPT1 on Graphics Adapter 956 (3BC hex) 957 (3BD hex)

LPT1 on Graphics AdapterLPT1 on Graphics Adapter

LPT1 on Printer Adapter

LPT1 on Printer Adapter 888 (378 hex) 889 (379 hex)

LPT1 on Printer AdapterLPT1 on Printer Adapter

LPT2 on Printer Adapter

LPT2 on Printer Adapter 632 (278 hex) 633 (279 hex)

LPT2 on Printer AdapterLPT2 on Printer Adapter

The 4-bit input port only uses the 4 most significant bits at that address: bits 4, 5, 6, and 7. Bits 0, 1, 2, and 3 are not used by the printer adapter and will normally read as 1. Bit 7 in this input port is normally used by the printer to signal that it is “busy”. That bit is set by the data signal from the printer to Pin 11 of the DB-25 parallel port connector on the back of the computer. The Lambda 10-2 uses this same bit in the computer’s printer adapter to indicate that it is BUSY, although the polarity of this signal may differ from the corresponding printer BUSY signal.

With the Lambda 10-2 BUSY line connected to Pin 11 of the computer’s parallel printer port, the input port can be read to obtain the status of the Lambda10-2. Using Microsoft QuickBasic, this would be done as follows:

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Listing 4-2. Program to obtain the Lambda 10-2 status on the PC parallel port.

BUSY: OUT BASEPORT+2, 16 ‘Required on some computers ‘before data can be read FOR U = 0 TO 5 ‘Delay to allow Lambda 10-2 NEXT U ‘to set busy flag LOOK: STATUS = INP(INPORT) ‘Read in from printer port STATUS = STATUS AND 128 ‘Mask to read only bit 7 IF STATUS <> 128 THEN GOTO LOOK ‘Still Busy so loop

RETURN ‘Not Busy so return

The example given will loop until the BUSY signal is low. When developing a program, it is advisable to insert an escape device in this loop, such as:

IF INKEY$<>”” THEN RETURN

If you are stuck in a tight, endless loop without an escape device, you will have to reset the computer. This statement may be removed once the program is operating correctly.

An alternative command to use in Microsoft QuickBasic is WAIT. This statement has the form:

WAIT

port

, AND

data

, XOR

data

Where the port is the address of the input port, and data is an integer in the range 0 to 255. When the WAIT statement executes, program execution halts until the input port indicated by

port

reads as the indicated by data expressions. The ANDdata expression is evaluated as

an AND operation. Thus, we may test to see if the BUSY line is set as follows:

WAIT 889, 128

The program will suspend operation until the value read for the most significant bit is 1. Since the printer adapter inverts this bit, this condition will be met only when the BUSY line is low. An XOR operation can be used as well, as noted in the Microsoft QuickBasic Language Reference. The WAIT statement will XOR the read data before the AND operation if a value for XORdata is provided. Consider the statement:

WAIT 889, 128, 128

The XOR of the read value of the port with 128 will invert the most significant bit. The program execution would thus be suspended until the BUSY signal went high, indicating that the unit was busy. Using the 2 statements in series would insure that the controller had time to assert the BUSY line in response to a command before the program began to test to see if the BUSY line had come back down:

WAIT 889, 128, 128 WAIT 889, 128,

IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION WHEN USING THE WAIT STATEMENT:

IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION WHEN USING THE WAIT STATEMENT: The WAIT

IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION WHEN USING THE WAIT STATEMENT:IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION WHEN USING THE WAIT STATEMENT: statement seems to be ideal because it provides a fast and easy way of directly testing input port bits. However, if the input port does not have the correct value, and you are unable to force the port to the correct value, you will need to reboot the computer. This should not be a significant problem in routine operation of a system, but it can provide considerable frustration when developing and testing the control program. Test the WAIT function with simple programs before you use it. Make sure that you will not lose important data if you are forced to reboot.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

4.3

4.3 Dedicated TTL Line

Dedicated TTL Line

4.34.3

Dedicated TTL LineDedicated TTL Line

Unlike the commands through the 8 bit port, the direct logic input lines will act even if the BUSY

BUSY line is active. However, these lines only provide the conditional opening: the shutter

BUSY BUSY will open while the wheel is stopped. It follows that the only advantage of the direct control lines is that, in a two-shutter system, the shutter associated with a wheel that was not moving could be opened or closed while the other wheel is moving. When the controller is in the manual mode, the dedicated TTL lines are ignored. If a valid 8-bit shutter command has been received by the controller, the dedicated TTL lines are ignored until the controller is reset.

The dedicated input lines are at pins 14 and 16 of the 25-pin parallel connector. Shutter A is opened by setting pin 14 high and closed by setting pin 14 low. Shutter B is opened by setting pin 16 high and closed by setting pin 16 low. Remember that this is a conditional opening: the shutter will be open only if the corresponding wheel is not moving.

If the 25-pin connector is brought to a PC parallel adapter, pins 14 and 16 correspond to the AUTOFEED and INITIALIZE control lines for a printer. These lines are controlled by setting bits in the command port of the printer adapter, which is at an address that is equal to the base port address + 2.

Pin 14 corresponds to the bit that encodes the value 2 and pin 16 corresponds to the bit that encodes the value 4. Sending a value of 2 to this port will set pin 14 low, which closes the shutter. Pin 14 can be set high to open the shutter by sending a value such as 0. The logic for pin 16 is the reverse of pin 14. To open shutter B, send a value of 4 to the port. To close shutter B, send 0 to the port. Since both shutters are controlled by the same port, you must combine the values for the two shutters by addition if you have two shutters installed.

Table 4-6. Commands for the dedicated TTL line

4.4

4.4 Serial RS

Serial RS----232 Interface

4.44.4

Serial RSSerial RS

232 Interface

232 Interface232 Interface

SHUTTER A

OPEN

SHUTTER B

SHUTTER BSHUTTER B

OPEN

OPEN 4 6

OPENOPEN

CLOSED

CLOSED 0 2

CLOSEDCLOSED

SHUTTER A

SHUTTER ASHUTTER A

OPEN CLOSED

OPENOPEN

CLOSED

CLOSEDCLOSED

There are some basic differences in the parallel and serial physical connections. There are also basic differences in the modes by which parallel and serial data are transmitted to the controller. The command code structures, however, are quite similar. The connection and Command Structure required to control the Lambda 10-2 via the Serial port are discussed in this chapter.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

4.4.1

4.4.1 Connecting to the Serial Port

Connecting to the Serial Port

4.4.14.4.1

Connecting to the Serial PortConnecting to the Serial Port

The serial interface connector on the back of the Lambda 10-2 controller cabinet is a DB-9 connector. The connections are arranged so a standard DB-9 serial cable can be used to connect the controller to a PC serial port. The port operates on a minimal RS-232 protocol where only the ground and the two data lines are connected; the hardware control lines are not connected. This port is designed for connection to a standard computer serial port. It should not be connected to any other type of interface or device. The pin assignments for this connector are, as viewed from the back of the controller:

Figure 4-3. Serial port pin assignments.

Communication for the serial port requires the following settings:



Baud rate

Baud rate 9600

Baud rateBaud rate



Data bits

Data bits 8888

Data bitsData bits



Parity

Parity None

ParityParity



Stop bits

Stop bits 1111

Stop bitsStop bits



Flow Control:

Flow Control: None

Flow Control:Flow Control:

9600

96009600

None

NoneNone

None

NoneNone

No hardware control lines are connected. You must set the communication mode either so that these lines are ignored, or provide connections that will satisfy the mode of communication that you use. In Microsoft QuickBasic the communication channel may be opened with a statement such as:

OPEN "COM1:9600,N,8,1, CD0,CS0,DS0 " FOR RANDOM AS #1 LEN = 256

This sets COM1 to the correct mode for bi-directional communication through channel #1. The option list “CD0,CS0,DS0” causes BASIC to ignore the DCD, CTS and DSR control lines.

4.4.2

4.4.2 Input Com

Input Command Structure

4.4.24.4.2

Input ComInput Com

mand Structure

mand Structuremand Structure

Input commands to the controller via the SERIAL port are structured as one byte (8-bits) each with the same function as the input commands (Filter and Special Commands) described in the PARALLEL port section of this chapter: Parallel port pin numbers 2 through 9 are analogous to bit numbers 1 through 8 in the one byte SERIAL port command.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

4.4.2.1 Filter Commands

The binary value of an 8-bit serial port filter command defines the selected filter position, switching speed and filter wheel. To send a filter command via the serial port the binary value must first be determined for the Filter and Speed Groups (4 bits and 3 bits, respectively), as well as the Wheel bit. Then these binary values must be arranged in the proper order and converted as a group of 8-bits to its decimal equivalent.

Table 4-7. Creating a serial port filter command

Functional Groups and Bit

Wheel

Group Bit #

Group Bit # 0000 2222 1111 0000 3333 2222 1111 0000

Group Bit #Group Bit #

Decimal Group Example Values

cimal Group Example Values 0 5 7

DeDe

cimal Group Example Valuescimal Group Example Values

Binary Group Example Values

Binary Group Example Values 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1

Binary Group Example ValuesBinary Group Example Values

Binary Command Example Value

Binary Command Example Value 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1

Binary Command Example ValueBinary Command Example Value Decimal Command Example Value

Decimal Command Example Value 87

Decimal Command Example ValueDecimal Command Example Value

Wheel Speed

WheelWheel

Functional Groups and Bit

Functional Groups and BitFunctional Groups and Bit

Speed Filter

SpeedSpeed

Filter

FilterFilter

In Table 4-7, “Decimal Group Values” are equivalent to the values of the desired Filter Position (7), Switching Speed (5) and Filter Wheel (0 = Wheel A). The binary equivalent of each is referred to as the “Binary Group Value” and are arranged (as shown above) to yield a byte referred to as the “Binary Command Value” (the Wheel Bit is the “most significant bit”). This byte is the raw datum that serves as a Filter Command to select the Filter Position, Switching Speed and Filter Wheel on the Lambda 10-2 controller. Typically, this binary value is sent as its decimal equivalent as described below.

Since the serial data stream format is a single byte, each command can be sent as an ASCII character. If you have used a communications the subsequent 8 bit command values may be sent using a

BASIC

language open statement to establish serial

BASIC

PRINT #

command such as:

PRINT #1, CHR$(DATANUM);

… where #1 is the file number used in the open statement, and DATANUM is the value of the command to be sent. Note that the CHR$ function allows the actual number to be sent rather than the ASCII numbers of the characters that represent the number. Sending “;” disables the automatic addition of characters such as a linefeed or a space.

4.4.3

4.4.3 Special Commands: ON LINE, SHUTTER and BATCH commands

Special Commands: ON LINE, SHUTTER and BATCH commands

4.4.34.4.3

Special Commands: ON LINE, SHUTTER and BATCH commandsSpecial Commands: ON LINE, SHUTTER and BATCH commands

The same Special Commands shown in the Parallel Port Chapter, Table 4-3, can be sent to the controller via the SERIAL port. The protocol used to transmit these commands is as described above in this chapter.

Transfer Control to Computer (ON LINE):

Transfer Control to Computer (ON LINE): When sent via the SERIAL Port this command

Transfer Control to Computer (ON LINE):Transfer Control to Computer (ON LINE): will select the SERIAL port as the Input Source, setting the controller ON LINE. This change in Input mode will be indicated in the bottom line of the Controller display.

Shutter Control using Special Commands:

Shutter Control using Special Commands: Six of the eight Special Commands described in

Shutter Control using Special Commands: Shutter Control using Special Commands: Table 4-3 are used to control the status of the shutters. All of these commands are valid SERIAL port Special Commands. The functions of each of those commands are described

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

there. For a description of an alternative method of remote shutter control, see the description of the Dedicated TTL Line

Batch Transfer of Commands via the Serial Port:

Batch Transfer of Commands via the Serial Port: In order to quickly transfer commands for

Batch Transfer of Commands via the Serial Port:Batch Transfer of Commands via the Serial Port: both wheels and shutters, you should use the

Dedicated TTL Line later in this chapter.

Dedicated TTL LineDedicated TTL Line

BATCH TRANSFER

method. The controller will wait for commands for both wheels and both shutters before executing any of those four commands.

First send the

BATCH TRANSFER

command, 223, and then send the four commands for the

2 wheels and the 2 shutters. Send the desired commands in the following order:

1. 223

2. Shutter A command

3. Shutter B command

4. Filter/Speed/Wheel A command

5. Filter/Speed/Wheel B command

The controller will echo each command as it is sent. Once the controller has received the

BATCH TRANSFER

command, the unit will not respond with a carriage return or mechanical action until all four commands have been received. The carriage return will be sent when both wheels and shutters are in the state required by the commands. The batch transfer command must be sent each time a new batch of commands is sent. Once the batch commands have been executed as signaled by the carriage return, individual commands or additional batch commands may be sent.

With this approach, the five commands can be passed in less than 6 milliseconds. The values of each of the four types of command are distinct, so the controller may be able to respond correctly even if the four commands are sent in a different order. Sending the commands in the correct order assures the best performance.

The controller will echo each command with a delay of about 1 millisecond. If your hardware or software is not able to handle serial input and output at the same time, you may need to wait for each echoed command before sending the next command. In this case, the time to transmit the commands may increase to about 12 milliseconds.

4.4.4

4.4.4 Output Command Structure: Command Echo and <CR>

Output Command Structure: Command Echo and <CR>

4.4.44.4.4

Output Command Structure: Command Echo and <CR>Output Command Structure: Command Echo and <CR>

With the serial interface, the LAMBDA 10-2 controller responds to each command by echoing the command back to the host computer. This indicates that the command was received and will be executed promptly. If the command sent is the same as the last command received, it will not be echoed and the controller will take no action. Once the command has been executed completely, the controller will send a character with the value of 13, which is an ASCII CR (carriage return). In order to read the responses using

BASIC

you can use a statement such as:

IF LOC(1) > 0 THEN SerialInput$ = INPUT$(1, #1)

LOC(1) > 0 indicates that characters are waiting in the received data buffer. INPUT$(1, #1) reads 1 character from the buffer, which is stored as SerialInput$. The following subroutine could be used to hold the computer in a loop until the command is properly echoed.

COMMANDCHECK: IF LOC(1) > 0 THEN SerialInput$ = INPUT$(1, #1) IF DATANUM = ASC(SerialInput$) THEN RETURN GOTO COMMANDCHECK

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

A similar subroutine can be used to hold the computer in a loop until the carriage return (13) is received.

BUSYCHECK: IF LOC(1) > 0 THEN SerialInput$ = INPUT$(1, #1) IF ASC(SerialInput$)=13 THEN RETURN GOTO BUSYCHECK

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

5. MAI NTE NAN CE

MAI NTE NAN CE

5.5.

MAI NTE NAN CEMA IN T ENA NCE

Routine cleaning of the Lambda 10-2 system is required to prevent excessive dust accumulations. This is done by wiping all exterior surfaces with a dry, soft, cotton cloth.

All retaining rings should be inspected occasionally to be certain that they are seated into the filter holders and cups.

The filter wheel is a precision-machined part mounted on a stepper motor shaft. As such, it DOES NOT REQUIRE LUBRICATION. Attempting to lubricate any part of the filter wheel or shutter assembly will void the warranty and may harm the motor or shutter.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

(This page intentionally blank.)

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

APP END IX A .

APP END IX A . LIM I TED WA RRA NTY

APP END IX A .APP END IX A .



Sutter Instrument Company, a division of Sutter Instrument Corporation, limits the warranty on this instrument to repair and replacement of defective components for two years from date of shipment, provided the instrument has been operated in accordance with the instructions outlined in this manual.



Abuse, misuse, or unauthorized repairs will void this warranty.



Limited warranty work will be performed only at the factory.



The cost of shipment both ways is to be borne by the user.



The limited warranty is as stated above and no implied or inferred liability for direct or consequential damages is intended.



Consumables and Uniblitz®1 shutters are exempt from this warranty.



An extended warranty for up to 3 additional years can be purchased at the time of ordering, or until the original warranty expires. For pricing and other information, please contact Sutter Instrument.

LIM ITED WA RRA NTY

LIM ITED WA RRA NTYLI MIT ED W AR RAN TY

Uniblitz® is a registered trademark of Vincent Associates.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

(This page intentionally blank.)

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

APP END IX B .

APP END IX B . ACCE SSO RIES

APP END IX B .APP END IX B.

B.1.

B.1. Filter Wheels

Filter Wheels

B.1.B.1.

Filter WheelsFilter Wheels

LB10

LB10----NW

LB10LB10

LB10

LB10----NWS

LB10LB10

LB10

LB10----NWE

LB10LB10

LB10

LB10----WD

LB10LB10

NW 10-position 25mm filter wheel without shutter.

NWNW

NWS

NWSNWS

NWE 10-position 25mm filter wheel set up for emission.

NWENWE

WD Back-to-back mounting of two 25mm filter wheels (no drop-in filter

WDWD

ACC ESSO RIE S

ACC ESSO RIE SACCE SSOR IES

10-position 25mm filter wheel with Uniblitz shutter.

holders).

LB10

LB10----WDS

LB10LB10

WDS Back-to-back mounting of two 25mm filter wheels with one Uniblitz®

WDSWDS

and one slide-in filter holder.

LB10

LB10----W32

LB10LB10

W32 10-position 32mm filter wheel without shutter.

W32W32

LB10

LB10----W32S

LB10LB10

LB10

LB10----W50

LB10LB10

B.2.

B.2. Shutter

B.2.B.2.

SHUTTER

SHUTTER 25mm replacement Uniblitz® shutter (not an upgrade).

SHUTTERSHUTTER

X100111

X100111 35mm replacement Uniblitz® shutter (not an upgrade)

X100111X100111

B.3.

B.3. Filter Holders and Liquid Light Guides

B.3.B.3.

SL:IDE

SL:IDE----IN

SL:IDESL:IDE

DROP

DROP----IN

DROPDROP

LLG

LLG Liquid light guide (2 meters, 3mm diameter). Includes C-mount, lens,

LLGLLG

W32S

W32SW32S

W50 5-position 50mm filter wheel without shutter.

W50W50

Shutter

ShutterShutter

Filter Holders and Liquid Light Guides

Filter Holders and Liquid Light GuidesFilter Holders and Liquid Light Guides

1111

Slide-in filter holder for 25mm filter wheel.

ININ

2222

Drop-in filter holder for 25mm filter wheel.

ININ

10-position 32mm filter wheel with Uniblitz shutter.

and lens tube.

Slide-in filter holders are for filter wheels equipped with a shutter.

Drop-in filter holders are for filter wheels that are not equipped with a shutter.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

B.4.

B.4. Cables

Cables

B.4.B.4.

CablesCables

W621510

W621510 15 pin shielded cable for standard filter wheel.

W621510W621510

CSHUTTER

CSHUTTER Shutter breakout cable (for Uniblitz® shutter).

CSHUTTERCSHUTTER

W621505

W621505 DSUB 9 pin male/female for serial (RS-232) interface.

W621505W621505

CMAC

CMAC DSUB 9-pin male to DIN serial cable for connecting a Macintosh (pre-

CMACCMAC

Mac OS X Apple Macintosh systems only) to the serial RS-232 port.

CLAM10

CLAM10 25 pin breakout to BNC cable.

CLAM10CLAM10

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

APP END IX C .

APP END IX C . F USE REP LAC EMEN T

APP END IX C .AP P END IX C.

FUS E RE PLA CEME NT

FUS E RE PLA CEME NTFU SE R EPL ACE M ENT

In the event that the controller fails to power up when the power switch is turned on, check the line power fuse to see if it has blown. The fuse is located in the fuse holder on the power entry module on the back of the controller. To remove the fuse holder first unplug the power cord from the power entry module. This will reveal a slot just under the edge of the fuse holder. Use a screwdriver to pry the holder straight out of the power entry module.

Figure 5-1. Power entry module

The fuse that is readily visible in the fuse holder when you take it out is the one that is “active” when the holder is installed. A spare fuse is also stored within the fuse holder. It is concealed in a compartment as shown in Figure 5-2. To remove the spare fuse, press down on the end of the compartment and push it out of the other end. The old fuse can serve as a convenient tool for pushing the spare fuse compartment out. Replace the active fuse with the spare and re-install the fuse holder and power cord. If the controller fails to power up with the new fuse installed, call Sutter Instrument technical support personnel for assistance.

Figure 5-2. Fuse holder.

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Make certain that the type and rating of the fuse being replaced are as indicated in Table C-1, according to the mains voltage setting being used.

Table C-1. Fuse type and rating.

Fuse

Mains

Mains Mains

Voltage

Voltage Voltage

Setting

SettingSetting

(Time Delay, 5mm x 20mm, glass tube)

(Time Delay, 5mm x 20mm, glass tube)(Time Delay, 5mm x 20mm, glass tube)

Type and Rating

Type and Rating Manufacturer Exam

Type and RatingType and Rating

Fuse

FuseFuse

Manufacturer Examples

Manufacturer ExamManufacturer Exam

ples

plesples

110V 1.5A, 250V Bussmann GMC-1.5A or GMC-1.5-R (RoHS)

220V T0.63A, 250V Bussmann GDC-630mA or S506-630-R (RoHS); or

Littelfuse: 218.630 or 218.063P (RoHS)

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

APP END IX D .

APP END IX D . TECH NIC AL SPEC IFI CAT I ON S

APP END IX D .APP E ND IX D .

D.1.

D.1. Controller (rack mount)

Controller (rack mount)

D.1.D.1.

Controller (rack mount)Controller (rack mount)

Dimensions (H x W x D):

Dimensions (H x W x D): 4 x 19 x 10.75 in (10 x 48.25 x 27 cm)

Dimensions (H x W x D): Dimensions (H x W x D):

Weight:

Weight: 9 lb., 4 oz. (4.2 kg)

Weight:Weight:

Electrical:

Electrical: Electrical:

Input voltage (Mains)

Input voltage (Mains) 110

Input voltage (Mains)Input voltage (Mains)

Maximum power consumption

Maximum power consumption 149 VA

Maximum power consumptionMaximum power consumption

Mains fuse (rear of cabinet)

Mains fuse (rear of cabinet) Mains fuse (rear of cabinet)

TECH NIC AL SPEC IFI CAT ION S

TECH NIC AL SPEC IFI CAT ION ST ECHN ICA L S PECI FIC ATI ONS

4 x 19 x 10.75 in (10 x 48.25 x 27 cm)

4 x 19 x 10.75 in (10 x 48.25 x 27 cm) 4 x 19 x 10.75 in (10 x 48.25 x 27 cm)

9 lb., 4 oz. (4.2 kg)

9 lb., 4 oz. (4.2 kg)9 lb., 4 oz. (4.2 kg)

110 ---- 120 V at 60 Hz; or 220

120 V at 60 Hz; or 220 –––– 240 V at 50 Hz

110 110

120 V at 60 Hz; or 220 120 V at 60 Hz; or 220

149 VA

149 VA149 VA

240 V at 50 Hz

240 V at 50 Hz 240 V at 50 Hz

Table D-1. Mains fuse type and rating.

Fuse

Mains

Mains Mains

(Time Delay, 5mm x 20mm, glass tube)

Voltage

Voltage Voltage

Setting

SettingSetting

110V 1.5A, 250V Bussmann GMC-1.5A or GMC-1.5-R (RoHS)

220V T0.63A, 250V Bussmann GDC-630mA or S506-630-R (RoHS); or

Type and Rating

Type and RatingType and Rating

(Time Delay, 5mm x 20mm, glass tube)

(Time Delay, 5mm x 20mm, glass tube)(Time Delay, 5mm x 20mm, glass tube)

Littelfuse: 218.630 or 218.063P (RoHS)

Fuse

FuseFuse

Manufacturer Examples

Manufacturer ExamplesManufacturer Examples

Internal safety fuses (not operator accessible)

Internal safety fuses (not operator accessible) Internal safety fuses (not operator accessible)

Orange line

Orange line Type T2.0A, 250V, 3AG

Orange lineOrange line

Orange/yell

Orange/yellow line

Orange/yellOrange/yell

Yellow line

Yellow line Type T3.2A, 250V, 3AG

Yellow lineYellow line

Power cord

Power cord 10A, 250V, with safety ground plug

Power cordPower cord

ow line Type T3.2A, 250V, 3AG

ow lineow line

Type T2.0A, 250V, 3AG

Type T2.0A, 250V, 3AGType T2.0A, 250V, 3AG

Type T3.2A, 250V, 3AG

Type T3.2A, 250V, 3AGType T3.2A, 250V, 3AG

Type T3.2A, 250V, 3AG

Type T3.2A, 250V, 3AGType T3.2A, 250V, 3AG

10A, 250V, with safety ground plug

10A, 250V, with safety ground plug10A, 250V, with safety ground plug

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Controller Cables

Controller CablesController Cables

Table D-2. Cable specifications.

Type

Filter Wheel

Filter Wheel DB-15 6 feet None required Minimum of 26 awg

Filter WheelFilter Wheel

Parallel

Parallel DB-25 6 feet ****Fair-Rite

ParallelParallel

Serial

Serial DB-9 10 feet ****Fair-Rite

SerialSerial

* Fair-Rite Products Corp., P.O. Box J, One Commercial Row, Wallkill, NY,

* *

Type Max.

TypeType

Max.

Max. Max.

Length

LengthLength

Ferrite at

Ferrite at Ferrite at

Controller End

Controller EndController End

#0443164-251

#0443167-251

Cabling

CablingCabling

stranded wire with 500 Volt

Dielectric separation of circuits. Foil shielding

Connected to metal faceplates of connectors on both ends

12589, USA

D.2.

D.2. Filter Wheel, 25 mm (1”) (with Shutter, without Stan

Filter Wheel, 25 mm (1”) (with Shutter, without Stand)

D.2.D.2.

Filter Wheel, 25 mm (1”) (with Shutter, without StanFilter Wheel, 25 mm (1”) (with Shutter, without Stan

Dimensions (H x W x D):

Dimensions (H x W x D): 6.25 x 7 x 2 in (15.88 x 17.75 x 5.8 cm)

Dimensions (H x W x D): Dimensions (H x W x D):

Weight:

Weight: 2 lb., 14 oz. (1.31 kg)

Weight:Weight:

6.25 x 7 x 2 in (15.88 x 17.75 x 5.8 cm)

6.25 x 7 x 2 in (15.88 x 17.75 x 5.8 cm)6.25 x 7 x 2 in (15.88 x 17.75 x 5.8 cm)

2 lb., 14 oz. (1.31 kg)

2 lb., 14 oz. (1.31 kg)2 lb., 14 oz. (1.31 kg)

d)d)

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

ASCII

ASCII ASCII

ASCII

APP END IX E .

APP END IX E . E XTE RNA L CO NTR OL COMM AND RE FERE NCE

APP END IX E .A PPE NDI X E.

EXTE RNA L C ONT ROL COM MAN D R E FER ENC E

EXTE RNA L C ONT ROL COM MAN D R E FER ENC EEXTE RNA L C ONT ROL COM MAN D R E FER ENC E

This appendix provides a complete list of remote control commands and return values.

Table E-1. Complete Remote-control command reference.

Command Byte Value

Command Byte Value Keyboard Entry

Command Byte ValueCommand Byte Value

Dec.

Dec.Dec.

Hex.

Hex. Binary

Hex.Hex.

Binary Alt

BinaryBinary

0 00 00000000 1 01 00000001 2 02 00000010 3 03 00000011 4 04 00000100 5 05 00000101 6 06 00000110 7 07 00000111 8 08 00001000 9 09 00001001

00001010

00001111 16 10 00010000 17 11 00010001 18 12 00010010 19 13 00010011

20 14 00010100 21 15 00010101 22 16 00010110

23 17 00010111 24 18 00011000 25 19 00011001 26

00011010

00011111 32 20 00100000 33 21 00100001 34 22 00100010 35 23 00100011 36 24 00100100 37 25 00100101 38 26 00100110 39 27 00100111 40 28 00101000 41 29 00101001

Keyboard Entry Description

Keyboard EntryKeyboard Entry

Filter Wheel

Alt----

AltAlt

keypad

keypad keypad

entry

entryentry

Ctr

Ctrllll----

CtrCtr char.

char.

char.char.

def./

def./----

def./def./ char.

char.

char.char.

Filter Wheel

Filter Wheel Filter Wheel

Command

CommandCommand

WWWW

SSSS

FFFF

hhhh

pppp

iiii

eeee

llll

eeee

tttt

llll

dddd

eeee

Description

DescriptionDescription

Special Command

Special CommandSpecial Command

rrrr

Alt-0000 ^@ (NUL) Alt-0001 ^A (SOH)

Alt-0002 ^B (STX)

Alt-0003 ^C (ETX) Alt-0004 ^D (EOT) Alt-0005 ^E (ENQ)

Alt-0006 ^F (ACK)

Alt-0007 ^G (BEL) Alt-0008 ^H (BS) Alt-0009 ^I (HT)

Alt-0010

Alt-0015

Alt-0016 ^P (DLE)

Alt-0017 ^Q (DC1)

Alt-0018 ^R (DC2)

Alt-0019 ^S (DC3) Alt-0020 ^T (DC4) Alt-0021 ^U (NAK)

Alt-0022 ^V (SYN)

Alt-0023 ^W (ETB)

Alt-0024 ^X (CAN) Alt-0025 ^Y (EM)

Alt-0026

Alt-0031

Alt-0032

Alt-0033

Alt-0034

Alt-0035 Alt-0036 Alt-0037

Alt-0038

Alt-0039

Alt-0040 Alt-0041

(LF)

(SI)

(SUB)

(US)

(space)

! 1 “ 2 # 3 $ 4 % 5 & 6 ‘ 7 ( 8 )

A 0

A 1

A 2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

Shutter or

Shutter orShutter or

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

ASCII

ASCII ASCII

ASCII

Command Byte Value

Command Byte Value Keyboard Entry

Command Byte ValueCommand Byte Value

Dec.

Dec.Dec.

Hex.

Hex. Binary

Hex.Hex.

00101010

00101111

Binary Alt

BinaryBinary

48 30 00110000 49 31 00110001 50 32 00110010 51 33 00110011 52 34 00110100 53 35 00110101 54 36 00110110 55 37 00110111 56 38 00111000 57 39 00111001 58

00111010

00111111 64 40 01000000 65 41 01000001 66 42 01000010 67 43 01000011 68 44 01000100 69 45 01000101 70 46 01000110 71 47 01000111 72 48 01001000 73 49 01001001 74

01001010

01001111 80 50 01000000 81 51 01000001 82 52 01000010 83 53 01000011 84 54 01000100 85 55 01000101 86 56 01000110 87 57 01000111 88 58 01001000 89 59 01001001 90

01001010

01011111 96 60 01010000 97 61 01010001 98 62 01010010

Keyboard Entry Description

Keyboard EntryKeyboard Entry

Alt----

AltAlt

keypad

keypad keypad

entry

entryentry

Alt-0042

Alt-0047

Alt-0048 Alt-0049

Alt-0050

Alt-0051 Alt-0052 Alt-0053

Alt-0054

Alt-0055 Alt-0056 Alt-0057

Alt-0058

Alt-0063

Alt-0064 Alt-0065

Alt-0066

Alt-0067 Alt-0068 Alt-0069 Alt-0070 Alt-0071 Alt-0072 Alt-0073

Alt-0074

Alt-0079

Alt-0080 Alt-0081

Alt-0082

Alt-0083 Alt-0084 Alt-0085 Alt-0086 Alt-0087 Alt-0088 Alt-0089

Alt-0090

Alt-0095

Alt-0096 Alt-0097

Alt-0098

Ctr

Ctrllll----

CtrCtr char.

char.

char.char.

–

Filter Wheel

Filter Wheel Filter Wheel

Command

def./

def./----

def./def./ char.

char.

char.char.

Command

CommandCommand

WWWW

SSSS

hhhh

pppp

eeee

llll

dddd

* – /

0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5

A 3

6 6 7 7 8 8 9

– ?

@ 0 A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 E 5

A 4

F 6 G 7 H 8 I

J – O

P 0 Q 1 R 2 S 3 T 4 U 5

A 5

V 6 W 7 X 8 Y

Z – _

` 0

A 6 a 1 b

Description

DescriptionDescription

Shutter or

Shutter orShutter or

Special Command

Special CommandSpecial Command

FFFF

iiii

llll tttt eeee rrrr

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

ASCII

ASCII ASCII

ASCII

Command Byte Value

Command Byte Value Keyboard Entry

Command Byte ValueCommand Byte Value

Dec.

Dec.Dec.

Hex.

Hex. Binary

Hex.Hex.

Binary Alt

BinaryBinary

99 63 01010011 100 64 01010100 101 65 01010101 102 66 01010110 103 67 01010111 104 68 01011000 105 69 01011001 106

111

01011010

01011111 112 70 01110000 113 71 01110001 114 72 01110010 115 73 01110011 116 74 01110100 117 75 01110101 118 76 01110110 119 77 01110111 120 78 01111000 121 79 01111001 122

127

01111010

–

01111111 128 80 10000000 129 81 10000001 130 82 10000010 131 83 10000011 132 84 10000100 133 85 10000101 134 86 10000110 135 87 10000111 136 88 10001000 137 89 10001001 138

143

10001010

10001111 144 90 10010000 145 91 10010001 146 92 10010010 147 93 10010011 148 94 10010100 149 95 10010101 150 96 10010110 151 97 10010111 152 98 10011000

Keyboard Entry Description

Keyboard EntryKeyboard Entry

Alt----

AltAlt

keypad

keypad keypad

entry

entryentry

Alt-0099 Alt-0100 Alt-0101

Alt-0102

Alt-0103 Alt-0104 Alt-0105

Alt-0106

Alt-0111

Alt-0112 Alt-0113

Alt-0114

Alt-0115 Alt-0116 Alt-0117 Alt-0118 Alt-0119 Alt-0120 Alt-0121

Alt-0122

Alt-0127

Alt-0128 Alt-0129

Alt-0130

Alt-0131 Alt-0132 Alt-0133

Alt-0134

Alt-0135 Alt-0136 Alt-0137

Alt-0138

Alt-0143

Alt-0144 Alt-0145

Alt-0146

Alt-0147 Alt-0148 Alt-0149

Alt-0150

Alt-0151 Alt-0152

Ctr

Ctrllll----

CtrCtr char.

char.

char.char.

–

Filter Wheel

Filter Wheel Filter Wheel

Command

def./

def./----

def./def./ char.

char.

char.char.

Command

CommandCommand

WWWW

SSSS

hhhh

pppp

eeee

llll

dddd

c 3 d 4 e 5 f 6 g 7 h 8 i 9

– o

p 0 q 1 r 2 s 3 t 4 u 5

A 7

v 6 w 7 x 8 y

z –

(DEL) 0 1 2 3 4 5

B 0

6 7 8

B 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Description

DescriptionDescription

Shutter or

Shutter orShutter or

Special Command

Special CommandSpecial Command

FFFF

iiii

llll tttt eeee rrrr

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

ASCII

ASCII ASCII

ASCII

Command Byte Value

Command Byte Value Keyboard Entry

Command Byte ValueCommand Byte Value

Dec.

Dec.Dec.

Hex.

Hex. Binary

Hex.Hex.

Binary Alt

BinaryBinary

153 99 10011001 154

159

10011010

10011111 160 A0 10100000 161 A1 10100001 162 A2 10100010 163 A3 10100011 164 A4 10100100 165 A5 10100101 166 A6 10100110 167 A7 10100111 168 A8 10101000 169 A9 10101001

170 AA 10101010 171 AB 10101011 172 AC 10101100

185

175

10101101

10101111 176 B0 10110000 177 B1 10110001 178 B2 10110010 179 B3 10110011 180 B4 10110100 181 B5 10110101 182 B6 10110110 183 B7 10110111 184 B8 10111000 185 B9 10111001

186 BA 10111010 187 BB 10111011 188 BC 10111100

189

191

10111101

10111111 192 C0 11000000 193 C1 11000001 194 C2 11000010 195 C3 11000011 196 C4 11000100 197 C5 11000101 198 C6 11000110 199 C7 11000111 200 C8 11001000

Keyboard Entry Description

Keyboard EntryKeyboard Entry

Alt----

AltAlt

keypad

keypad keypad

entry

entryentry

Alt-0153

Alt-0154

Alt-0159

Alt-0160 Alt-0161

Alt-0162

Alt-0163 Alt-0164 Alt-0165 Alt-0166 Alt-0167 Alt-0168 Alt-0169

Alt-0170

Alt-0171 Alt-0172

Alt-0185

Alt-0175

Alt-0176 Alt-0177

Alt-0178

Alt-0179 Alt-0180 Alt-0181

Alt-0182

Alt-0183 Alt-0184 Alt-0185

Alt-0186

Alt-0187 Alt-0188

Alt-0189

Alt-0191

Alt-0192 Alt-0193

Alt-0194

Alt-0195 Alt-0196 Alt-0197

Alt-0198

Alt-0199 Alt-0200

Ctr

Ctrllll----

CtrCtr char.

char.

char.char.

Description

DescriptionDescription

Filter Wheel

def./

def./----

def./def./ char.

char.

char.char.

Filter Wheel

Filter Wheel Filter Wheel

Command

CommandCommand

WWWW

SSSS

FFFF

hhhh

pppp

iiii

eeee

llll

eeee

tttt

llll

dddd

eeee

Shutter or

Shutter orShutter or

Special Command

Special CommandSpecial Command

rrrr

0 1 2 3 4 5

B 2

6 7 8

9 Open Shutter A Open Shutter A conditionally Close Shutter A

0 1 2 3 4 5

B 3

6 7 8

9 Open Shutter B Open Shutter B conditionally Close Shutter B

B 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

ASCII

ASCII ASCII

ASCII

Command Byte Value

Command Byte Value Keyboard Entry

Command Byte ValueCommand Byte Value

Dec.

Dec.Dec.

Hex.

Hex. Binary

Hex.Hex.

Binary Alt

BinaryBinary

201 C9 11001001 202

207

11001010

11001111 208 D0 11000000 209 D1 11000001 210 D2 11000010 211 D3 11000011 212 D4 11000100 213 D5 11000101 214 D6 11000110 215 D7 11000111 216 D8 11001000 217 D9 11001001 218

222

11001010

11001110

223 DF 11011111

224 E0 11010000 225 E1 11010001 226 E2 11010010 227 E3 11010011 228 E4 11010100 229 E5 11010101 230 E6 11010110 231 E7 11010111 232 E8 11011000 233 E9 11011001 234

237

11011010

11011101 238 EE 11011110 239 EF 11011111 240 F0 11110000 241 F1 11110001 242 F2 11110010 243 F3 11110011 244 F4 11110100 245 F5 11110101 246 F6 11110110 247 F7 11110111 248 F8 11111000 249 F9 11111001

Keyboard Entry Description

Keyboard EntryKeyboard Entry

Alt----

AltAlt

keypad

keypad keypad

entry

entryentry

Alt-0201

Alt-0202

Alt-0207

Alt-0208 Alt-0209

Alt-0210

Alt-0211 Alt-0212 Alt-0213 Alt-0214 Alt-0215 Alt-0216 Alt-0217

Alt-0218

Alt-0222

Alt-0223

Alt-0224 Alt-0225 Alt-0226 Alt-0227 Alt-0228 Alt-0229 Alt-0230 Alt-0231 Alt-0232 Alt-0233

Alt-0234

Alt-0237

Alt-0238 Alt-0239 Alt-0240 Alt-0241 Alt-0242 Alt-0243 Alt-0244 Alt-0245 Alt-0246 Alt-0247 Alt-0248 Alt-0249

Ctr

Ctrllll----

CtrCtr char.

char.

char.char.

Description

DescriptionDescription

Filter Wheel

Filter Wheel Filter Wheel

Command

def./

def./----

def./def./ char.

char.

char.char.

Command

CommandCommand

WWWW

SSSS

hhhh

pppp

eeee

llll

dddd

FFFF

iiii

llll tttt eeee rrrr

0 1 2 3 4 5

B 5

6 7 8

Batch Transfer of next 4 bytes (2 shutter and 2 filter wheel

commands) 0 1 2 3 4 5

B 6

6 7 8

On Line

0 1 2 3 4 5

B 7

6 7 8

Shutter or

Shutter orShutter or

Special Command

Special CommandSpecial Command

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

ASCII

ASCII ASCII

ASCII

Command Byte Value

Command Byte Value Keyboard Entry

Command Byte ValueCommand Byte Value

Dec.

Dec.Dec.

Hex.

Hex. Binary

Hex.Hex.

250

255

NOTE 1:

NOTE 1: All filter wheel command bytes are encoded with three commands:

NOTE 1:NOTE 1:

1. Wheel selection (Bit 7): 0 for Wheel A, 1 for Wheel B.

2. Speed (Bits 4 – 6): Contains value for speed (0 through 7).

3. Position (Bits 0 – 3): Contains value for position (0 through 9).

NOTE 2:

NOTE 2: The “ASCII def./char.” column for codes 128 through 255 (80 through FF hex) is left blank,

NOTE 2:NOTE 2: since there are no ASCII character definitions for the codes in this range. However, many computers and operating systems do support characters within this range, although there is no single standard across all platforms. Furthermore, many operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows and Apple Mac OS X, have several “code pages” (character sets), many of which are country/language specific, from which the user can select. Therefore, this part of the table is left blank – if you wish, you may write in the characters defined in the character set you use on a regular basis.

Binary Alt

BinaryBinary

11111010-

11111111

Keyboard Entry Description

Keyboard EntryKeyboard Entry

Filter Wheel

Alt----

AltAlt

keypad

keypad keypad

entry

entryentry

Alt-0250

Alt-0255

Ctr

Ctrllll----

CtrCtr char.

char.

def./

def./----

char.char.

def./def./ char.

char.

char.char.

Filter Wheel

Filter Wheel Filter Wheel

Command

CommandCommand

WWWW

SSSS

FFFF

hhhh

pppp

iiii

eeee

llll

eeee

tttt

llll

dddd

eeee rrrr

Description

DescriptionDescription

Special Command

Special CommandSpecial Command

Shutter or

Shutter orShutter or

Table E-2. Filter command structure.

Functional Groups

Wheel

Group Bit #

Group Bit # 0000 2222 1111 0000 3333 2222 1111 0000

Group Bit #Group Bit #

Decimal Group Example Values

Decimal Group Example Values 0 5 7

Decimal Group Example ValuesDecimal Group Example Values

Binary Group Example Values

Binary Group Example Values 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1

Binary Group Example ValuesBinary Group Example Values

Example Parallel Port Pin #

Example Parallel Port Pin # 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

Example Parallel Port Pin #Example Parallel Port Pin #

Wheel Speed

WheelWheel

Functional Groups

Functional GroupsFunctional Groups

Speed Filter Position

SpeedSpeed

Filter Position

Filter PositionFilter Position

Encoding filter wheel commands into a single byte:

If Wheel A: (0 * 128) + (

If Wheel B: (1 * 128) + (

speed

* 16) +

position

= command byte

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

INDEX

AAAA

accessories ......................................................... 4, 51

adapters

specifications........................................................5

BBBB

back panel...............................................................21

batch transfer.........................................................35

serial interface....................................................45

blanking disc

blanking disc................................................... 14, 19

blanking discblanking disc BUSY line

BUSY line...............................................................36

BUSY lineBUSY line

use of...................................................................37

CCCC

cleaning...................................................................47

commands

commandscommands

batch....................................................................34

filter

filter ............................................................. 32, 33

filterfilter

shutter ................................................................34

special

special .......................................................... 32, 34

specialspecial

controller ................................................................21

cable specs ..........................................................56

operation.............................................................21

DDDD

dimensions

dimensionsdimensions

controller

controller..................................................... 55, 56

controllercontroller

disclaimer ............................................................... iii

display.....................................................................23

initialization screen ...........................................12

initialization screen in local mode....................12

switching speeds ................................................26

filter cup....................................................................3

installation..........................................................18

loose.....................................................................18

filter holder

drop in...................................................................3

slide in...................................................................3

specifications........................................................4

filter loading port...................................................17

filter position

manual selection ................................................25

selection..............................................................25

filter position selection..........................................18

filter switching

speed values........................................................26

filter wheel................................................................2

adding ...................................................................2

connection ..........................................................22

cover plate.............................................................3

housing .................................................................3

installation..........................................................10

selection..............................................................25

front panel controls ...............................................23

fuse

holder..................................................................53

location........................................................... 8, 53

replacement................................................. 22, 53

spare....................................................................53

fuse replacement.................................................... iii

fuses, replacement

fuses, replacementfuses, replacement

internal ...............................................................55

mains

mains ............................................................ iii, 55

mainsmains

EEEE

electrical connections ..................................... 11, 21

error detection........................................................27

ERROR line

use of...................................................................38

ERROR

ERROR signal

ERRORERROR

signal .......................................................36

signal signal

errors in movement...............................................27

FFFF

filter

cup spacer ring...................................................15

holder..................................................................15

loading.......................................................... 13, 15

maximum thickness

maximum thickness..........................................14

maximum thicknessmaximum thickness

neutral density...................................................19

retaining ring.....................................................15

IIII

initialization screen...............................................12

initialization screen in local mode........................12

input commands

serial interface....................................................44

via printer port...................................................40

KKKK

keypad.....................................................................23

keys

F1,F2...................................................................23

LOCAL................................................................23

numeric...............................................................23

ON LINE............................................................23

SHUTR...............................................................23

SPEED................................................................23

specifications........................................................4

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

LLLL

line power (mains)...................................................8

line voltage .............................................................22

loading port ..............................................................3

local control............................................................24

local mode...............................................................12

MMMM

mains

mains ........................................................................8

mainsmains

fuses

fuses..............................................................iii, 55

fusesfuses

power consumption ...........................................55

power cord..........................................................55

voltage

voltage.................................................................55

voltagevoltage

maintenance...........................................................47

manual control.......................................................24

MANUAL mode.....................................................25

mechanical description............................................2

motor.........................................................................3

mounting

vibrations..............................................................7

mounting ears..........................................................3

NNNN

notes

user............................................................... 65, 66

OOOO

operation

vibrations..............................................................7

optical port................................................................3

output commands

serial interface....................................................46

via printer port...................................................41

PPPP

packaging..................................................................7

parallel interface

connection ..........................................................31

output lines.........................................................36

PC pin assignments...........................................39

PC printer ports.................................................38

pin assignments.................................................31

strategies.............................................................37

WAIT ..................................................................41

parallel port

connection ..........................................................22

input commands ................................................32

power

connection ..........................................................22

consumption.......................................................55

voltage selector...................................................22

power cord

mains...................................................................55

power entry module...............................................53

power switch ............................................................9

power up sequence.................................................24

precautions............................................................. iii

electrical.............................................................. iii

RRRR

rear panel

connectors...........................................................22

remote control

parallel port........................................................31

serial port............................................................43

RESET....................................................................23

retaining ring

retaining ring.........................................................14

retaining ringretaining ring

SSSS

safety warnings...................................................... iii

electrical.............................................................. iii

safety considerations with high-intensity light

sources .............................................................iv

safety wa

safety warnings & precautions

safety wasafety wa

operational

operational..........................................................iv

operationaloperational

rnings & precautions

rnings & precautionsrnings & precautions

safety warnings & precautions........................ iii, iv

serial interface........................................................43

parameters..........................................................44

pin assignments.................................................44

serial port

connection ..........................................................22

setting up..................................................................1

shutter

adding ...................................................................5

housing .................................................................3

shutter control

local (keypad) .....................................................26

TTL line..............................................................42

spacer ring

spacer ring..............................................................14

spacer ringspacer ring

spanner wrench .....................................................15

speed

manual selection ................................................25

values..................................................................26

speed setting...........................................................13

start-up ...................................................................12

stepper motors .........................................................5

support base ...........................................................11

support base clamps ..............................................11

support rods ...........................................................11

TTTT

technical specifications..........................................55

controller

controller............................................................55

controllercontroller

dimensions

dimensions .............................................. 55, 56

dimensionsdimensions

technical support .....................................................1

TTL lines................................................................42

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

UUUU

unpacking.................................................................7

VVVV

vacuum fluorescent display...................................23

vibration ...................................................................7

NOTES

NOTESNOTES

voltage

voltagevoltage

mains

mains ..................................................................55

mainsmains

voltage selector switch.............................................9

WWWW

warranty.................................................................49

weight

weight .............................................................. 55, 56

weightweight

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

NOTES

NOTESNOTES

LAMBDA 10-2 OPERATION MANUAL – REV. 2.04 (20120224)

Sutter Instrument Lambda 10-2, Lambda 10-232S, Lambda 10-250, Lambda 10-232, Lambda 10-2S Operation Manuals

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual