T-MIKE E/P/B
OPERATION
MANUAL
T-MIKE E/P/B
OPERATION
MANUAL
2 005 G E I nspe ction Tec hnologie s, L P
50 Indus trial P ark R d.
Lewis town, PA 17 044
US A
P : 717 .24 2.03 27, F : 717 .242.2 606
www.G E InspectionTechnologies.com
T -MIK E E /P /B
OPE R AT ION
MANUAL
R E V H
VERSION 4
021-002-147
Table of Contents
IMPORTANT NOTICE................................................................................................................. 1
THEORY OF OPERATION......................................................... ................................................. 5
DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM ............................................................................................................. 7
SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 9
INITIAL SETUP........................................................................................................................... 11
OPERATION .............................................................................................................................13
T-MIKE PROGRAMMABLE.................................................. .......................................................19
T-MIKE BASIC...........................................................................................................................21
HELPFUL HINTS ON OPERATION.............................................................................................23
MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING ................................................................................25
WARRANTY AND SERVICE....................................................................................................... 27
APPENDIX A............................................................................................................................29
APPENDIX B. .........................................................................................................................31
Table of Contents
IMPORTANT NOTICE................................................................................................................. 1
THEORY OF OPERATION......................................................... ................................................. 5
DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM ............................................................................................................. 7
SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 9
INITIAL SETUP........................................................................................................................... 11
OPERATION .............................................................................................................................13
T-MIKE PROGRAMMABLE.................................................. .......................................................19
T-MIKE BASIC...........................................................................................................................21
1
Important Notice
The following information must be read and understood by any user of a GE Inspection T echnologies ultrasonic
thickness gauge.
Failure to follow these instructions can lead to errors in thickness measurements or other test results. Decisions
based on erroneous results can, in turn, lead to property damage, personal injury or death.
General Warnings
Proper use of ultrasonic test equipment requires three essential elements:
· Selection of the correct test equipment
· Knowledge of the specific “test application requirements”
· Training on the part of the instrument operator
This operating manual provides instruction in the basic set-up and operation of the GE Inspection T echnologies thickness
gauge. There are, however , additional factors which affect the use of the ultrasonic test equipment. Specific information
regarding these additional factors is beyond the scope of this manual. The operator should refer to text books on the
subject of ultrasonic testing for more detailed information.
Operator Training
Operators must receive adequate training before using ultrasonic test equipment. Operators must be trained in general
ultrasonic testing procedures and in the set-up and performance required by a particular test. Operators must understand:
Soundwave propagation theory
2
• Effects of the sound velocity of the test material
• Behavior of the sound wave where two different materials are in contact
• Areas covered by the sound beam
More specific information about operator training, qualification, certification and test specifications is available from
various technical societies, industry groups, and government agencies.
T esting Limitations
In ultrasonic testing, information is obtained only from within the limits of the sound beam. Operators must exercise
great caution in making inferences about the test material outside the limits of the sound beam. For example, when
testing large materials, it maybe impossible or impractical to inspect the entire test piece. When a less-than-complete
inspection is to be performed, the operator must be shown the specific areas to inspect. Inferences about the condition
of areas not inspected, based on data from the evaluated areas, should only be attempted by personnel fully trained in
applicable statistical and probability techniques. In particular, materials subjects to corrosion or erosion, in which
conditions can vary significantly in any given area, should be evaluated only by fully trained and experience operators.
Sound beams reflect from the first interior surface encountered. Because of part geometry and overlapped flaws or
overlapped surface, thickness gauges may measure the distance to an internal flaw rather than to the back wall of the
material. Operators must take steps to ensure that the entire thickness of the test material is being examined.
UltrasonicThickness Measurement Critical Operating Procedure
The following operating procedures must be observed by all users of ultrasonic thickness gauges in order to minimize
errors in test results.
3
Calibration of Sound Velocity
The principle of operation of an ultrasonic thickness gauge is that the instrument measures the time of flight of an
ultrasonic pulse through the test piece and multiplies this time by the velocity of sound in the material. Thickness
measuring error is minimized by ensuring that the sound velocity to which the instrument is calibrated is the sound
velocity of the material being tested. Actual sound velocity in materials often vary significantly from the values found in
published tables. In all cases, best results are obtained if the instrument is calibrated on a velocity reference block
made from the same material as the test piece; this block should be flat and smooth and as thick as the maximum
thickness of the test piece. Operator should also be aware that sound velocity may not be constant in the material
being tested; heat treating, for example, can cause significant changes in sound velocity . This must be considered
when evaluating the accuracy of the thickness provided by this instrument. Instruments should always be calibrated
before testing, and the calibration should be checked after testing, to minimize testing errors.
Probe Zero Procedure
The probe zero procedure must be performed as described in this manual. The zero reference block should be clean
and in good condition, without noticeable wear. Failure to properly perform the probe zero procedure will result in
inaccurate thickness readings.
Effects of Temperature on Calibration
V ariations in temperature change the sound velocity of materials and transducer delay lines and therefore, zero calibration.
All calibrations should be performed on-site and with test blocks at the same temperature as the test piece, in order to
minimize errors due to temperature variations.
Transducer Selection
The transducer used in testing must be in good condition without noticeable wear of the front surface. Badly worn
transducers will have a reduced effective measuring range. The specified range of the transducer must include the
complete range of thickness to be tested. The temperature of the material to be tested must be within then transducer’s
temperature range.
4
Use of Couplants
Operators must be familiar with the use of ultrasonic couplants. Testing skills must be developed so that couplant is
used and applied in a consistent manner to minimize variations in couplant layer thickness and errors in test results.
Calibration and actual testing should be performed under similar coupling conditions, using a minimum of couplant
and applying consistent pressure on the transducer.
Doubling
Ultrasonic thickness gauges will, under certain conditions, display readings which are twice (or in some cases, three
times) the actual material thickness being measured. This effect, commonly known as “doubling,” can occur below
the minimum specified range of the transducer. If the transducer being used is worn, doubling is possible at
thicknesses greater that the minimum specified range.
When using a new transducer, any reading which is less than twice the minimum specified range of the transducer
may be a “doubled” reading, and the thicknesses of the material being tested should be verified by the use of other
methods. If the transducer shows any sign of wear , doubling may occur at thicknesses greater than twice the
minimum specific range. This thickness should be determined by calibrating the instrument/transducer combination
on reference blocks that represent the complete range of possible thicknesses that may be encountered in testing.
This is particularly important when the test piece is being ultrasonically measured for the first time or in any case
where the history of thickness of the specimen in unknown.
5
Chapter I
Theory of Operation
A. Ultrasonic Wave
The T -Mike E measures the thickness of a material by launching an ultrasonic wave into the material using an
ultrasonic transducer and calculating the time for the wave to pass through the material and reflect back to the
transducer. The time is multiplied by the previously determined velocity in the material and the thickness is
then displayed on the readout in inches or millimeters.
B. Zero Probe Function
Each transducer (probe) and the electronics varies in the amount of time to transmit the signal to be measured.
This time must be subtracted from the total transmission time. The time correction is accomplished automatically
by performing a “PROBE” recognition operation. The means to perform this simple task is resident on the T -
Mike E and will be explained in detail later .
C. Single Point Velocity Calibration
Upon recognition of the probe a calibration of the velocity of the material to be measured must be done. A
representative piece of the material to be measured should be used for the CAL operation. Through the CAL
operation the T-Mike E measures the ultrasonic transit time, calculates the velocity of the material and implant s
the velocity calculation in the T-Mike E’s memory for future measurements. If the velocity of the material is
already known then it may be entered using the keypad. Important: Since this velocity constant is used to
determine thickness for all measurement (until it is changed through another CAL or PROBE function) the
accuracy of the thickness measurement depends upon the constancy of the ultrasonic properties in the
material being measured.
6
In order to ensure accurate measurement both the transducer face and the material to be measured should be
wiped clean. A drop of couplant should then be applied to either the probe face or contact point on the material
being measured. Foreign matter between the probe and the material can distort or prevent readings.
To maximize measurement accuracy select a calibration piece that has the same shape and approximate
thickness as the work piece being measured. Re-calibrate the T-Mike E when the temperature of the work
piece changes 5oC or more from the calibration piece.
7
PROBE
T-MIKE E
COUPLANT USED
BETWEEN THE
PROBE AND BLOCK
BLOCK
Chapter II
Diagram of a System
8
Chapter III
Specifications
T -MIKE E/P/B SPECIFICA TIONS
Approximate Measuring range 0.040 - 19.999”
(Material and Application Dependent)
Resolution 0.001 in. Display Measurement Backlit 4 ½ digitAllowable Surface Temperature 0oF to 200o F
Cable Length 4 ft.
Battery Power Supply Alkaline
Optional Batter Power Nicad
Continuous Operating Time with Backlight 80 hours
Normal Operating Time 300 hours
Weight 1 1 oz.
Dimension 2.5 x 4.5 x 1.25”
9
Chapter IV
Initial Setup
A. Introduction
For those settings which are seldom changed during operation of the T-Mike E the INITIAL SET UP
procedure is designed to allow the operator
access to those settings without unnecessary complication of the units normal operation.
These settings include:
Backlight on/off
Selection of Metric or English units of measure
Calibration Lock
The INITIAL SET UP procedure is accessed by holding the CAL key down and pressing the ON/OFF key .
When this is done the T -Mike E will display the version code of the operating software contained in the unit
until the CAL key is released. This information will be useful should the unit require service or updated
software is desired.
Upon release of the CAL key the SETUP procedure continues as follows:
B . Backlight On/Off
When the CAL key is first released the T-Mike E will display the words ON or OFF to indicate the status of the
backlight. The backlight setting can be selected by pressing the UP or DOWN arrow key.
10
NOTE: It is recommenced that the backlight be OFF when measurements are made in well-illuminated areas,
as this will greatly increase battery life.
C. Metric/English Units
Press the CAL key a second time.
The T-Mike E will display the unit s in which it is set to measure thickness (IN or MM).
Press the UP or DOWN arrow keys to select the desired unit of measurement.
D. CALIBRATION LOCK
Press the CAL key a third time.
The T -Mike E will display the status of the calibration lock function (CAL or LOC).
When CAL is displayed the velocity calibration function can be performed as described in Chapter V , Operation.
When LOC is displayed the calibration function is disabled. The velocity used in measurement cannot be
changed without entering this SETUP procedure again to change settings to CAL.
It is recommended that the lock feature be used when supervising personnel wish to prevent unauthorized
change of the calibrated velocity .
Pressing the CAL key a final time completes the SETUP procedure and returns the T -Mike E to the measurement
mode.
11
Chapter V
Operation
A. ON / OFF Function
Press this key to turn the T -Mike E on. The
unit will display a reading of zero. The T -Mike E is now ready for measurement or calibration. In order to
compensate for any change in the ultrasonic transducer , a PROBE ZERO function should be performed at
this point.
B. Probe Zero Function
The PROBE ZERO function compensates the T -Mike E for the fixed delay of the ultrasonic transducer.
This function should be performed at the start of each day (to compensate for transducer wear) or whenever the transducer is changed. Apply a drop of couplant to the end of the transducer . Press the ON/OFF
button on the keyboard to turn on the T -Mike E.
Place the transducer in steady contact with the probe disk located on the top of the T-Mike E. DO NOT
use another 0.250 test piece since the velocity of the probe disk is carefully controlled and errors will
result.
The T-Mike E recognizes that the probe is in contact with the probe disk, and automatically performs the
PROBE ZERO function. Upon completion of the function Prb 0 will appear on the display indicating that the
appropriate transducer delay factor has been entered in memory .
ON
OFF
12
NOTE: During the PROBE function, the T-Mike E velocity is temporarily reset to the velocity of the probe
disk(0.2330 in./msec.). Upon completion of the PROBE function the velocity will return to the last calibrated value.
This allows the operator to continue measurements on the previously calibrated material.
C . Material Calibration to Known Thickness
The following procedure is used to calibrate the T-Mike E sound velocity to a known sample of material. Some
materials may exhibit sound velocity variations which can cause errors in measurement. Be sure to check a
representative group of samples to determine if such variation is present.
First follow the above PROBE ZERO procedure to calibrate the delay of the ultrasonic transducer being used.
Apply a drop of couplant to the representative piece of material of known thickness. This piece is called the
sample.
Place the probe in steady contact with the surface of the sample. The T-Mike E will display a thickness reading
using the last calibrated velocity.
Press the CAL key to lock in the reading. The transducer may now be removed from the sample. The
display on the T-Mike E will momentarily display CAL. Small arrows will appear in the upper left portion of the
display above the thickness readings. This indicates that the T-Mike E is in the calibration mode and enables the
UP/DOWN arrow keys.
Adjust the thickness shown on the T-Mike E display by using the UP and DOWN arrows. Note that when
these keys are held continuously, the speed at which the thickness changes will increase, making it easy to make
the large adjustments for materials such as plastic and aluminum.
13
When the correct thickness appears on the display ,
press the CAL key again to display the sound velocity of the calibrated material as calculated by the T Mike E. The display of sound velocity will be indicated by the appearance of appropriate velocity units
(IN/ms or M/S) above the displayed velocity value. Press the CAL key one final time to accept this
sound velocity and return to the measurement mode.
Check the calibration by replacing the probe on the sample piece. The T -Mike E should display the
corrected thickness of the sample.
NOTE: When the T -Mike E is in the CALIBRA TION mode the unit will not make further measurement
until the calibration procedure is completed.
D. Calibration From Known Velocity
The following procedure is used to calibrate the T -Mike E to a given material velocity .
Follow the above PROBE procedure to calibrate the delay of the ultrasonic transducer being used.
Press the CAL key. The arrow symbols will appear in the upper left portion of the display
indicating the UP/DOWN arrow keys are active.
Press the CAL key a second time. The display on the T-Mike E will display the current velocity
and the appropriate units of measure.
CAL
14
UP
DOWN
Or if metric units are selected:
Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to scroll the velocity to the known velocity of the material.
Note that when these keys are held continuously , the speed that the velocity changes will increase, making
it easy to make the large adjustments for materials such as plastic and aluminum.
When the desired velocity appears on the display , press the CAL key again to enter that
velocity for use in thickness measurements and to return to the measurement mode.
E. Thickness Measurement
Remove dirt, loose material, and couplant residue from the surface of material at points where
measurements are desired. V erify that the PROBE and CAL functions have been performed.
Place a drop of couplant on the material surface at the measurement point.
Place the transducer in steady contact with the surface of the material at the measurement point.
When a detectable echo is received from the back surface of the material, the echo indicator in the
upper right of the display will indicate the detection of an echo by changing in appearance to
represent contact between the pictured transducer and the sample surface.
CAL
15
NO ECHO ECHO DETECTED
The T -Mike E will display the thickness of the material and the appropriate units of measure (inches or millimeters).
NOTE: If the detected echo is of marginal magnitude a question mark ? will appear to the left of the echo
indicator . This will alert the operator that the measurement may be subject to error, and steps should be t aken to
improve the transducer coupling or position.
If no echo is detected for a period of 4 ½ minutes, the T-Mike E will automatically switch to its low
power or dormant state as indicated by the display
becoming blank. In this state probe and velocity calibration factors are retained in memory . Operation
may be resumed immediately by pressing the power key .
.F. Measurement Units
The T -Mike E can display thickness in either English or Metric units .
The unit system may be selected during the INITIAL SETUP of the T-Mike E as described previously.
G . Low Battery
The T -Mike E automatically monitors the charge state of the battery to insure that sufficient charge is available
to operate the unit properly .
When the T -Mike detects minimum allowable battery level the numbers on the display will blink on and off. This
alerts the operator that the batteries should be replaced or recharged before further operation.
16
When the battery level falls below the minimum allowable level the T -Mike E will turn off and not allow further
operations until batteries are replaced or recharged.
H. Replacing or Recharging Batteries
The T -Mike E comes standard with 4 AA alkaline batteries. The user may elect to use rechargeable NiCad A A
batteries that can be inserted as a direct replacement of the alkaline cells. The NiCad batteries may be
charged externally or in the T -Mike E as described below .
To change the batteries, loosen the screw on the bottom end cap and remove the spent batteries. Replace
batteries with fresh Alkaline AA cells or recharged NiCad AA cells.
Care must be used to replace the batteries in the correct polarity as indicated on the battery holder.
T o recharge the NiCad batteries in the T -Mike E connect the optional battery charger to the combination DA T A/
CHARGER jack on the top end cap of the T -Mike E. The NiCad batteries will be fully charged in approximately
14 hours.
NOTE: Af ter changing batteries be sure to perform the probe zero procedure and recalibrate the T -Mike-E for
the material to be measured.
17
Chapter VI
T-Mike Programmable
A. Configuration and Calibration
The T-Mike Programmable is preset to display in inches or millimeters; the backlight enabled or disabled;
and the sound velocity fixed. This can be done at the factory prior to shipping or this may be done by con
necting the T-Mike Programmable to an IBM“ compatible computerrunning special software, or from a T -Mike
E. When using a T -Mike E, a special cable is required.
B. To Program From a T-Mike E
Set the T-Mike E in the desired mode by holding down the CAL key while turning on the power . Now calibrate
the sound velocity of the T-Mike E to the desired sound velocity. Turn off both gauges. Connect the special
cable between the two data/charger ports. Turn on the T-Mike E; press the CAL key twice and the LCD will
indicate the velocity. Now turn on the T-Mike Programmable. The T -Mike Programmable should display CAL,
followed by the new velocity and then will go into the measurement mode. Be sure this new velocity matches
with the sound velocity in the T -Mike E.
C. T o Program from an IBM Compatible PC
Remove rubber plug from the serial port of the T -Mike and insert the LEMO connector of the T -Mike serial cable
(Part Number 022-506-783). Connect the serial cable to COM1 or COM2 of the PC. Run SETMIKE from S tart/
Programs/Stresstel or from the appropriate installation directory . Select Measurement Unit: Inches or Millimeters.
Enter sound velocity in inches/uS or M/S. Press Enter to accept new velocity. Check Backlight to illuminate T -
Mike reading. Select Serial Port: COM1 or COM2.
18
When you turn off the T -Mike Programmable, it will display the EPROM software version. When you turn on the
T-Mike Programmable, it will momentarily display the calibrated sound velocity . Test the T -Mike Programmable
on a material sample to verify that it reads the correct thickness.
D. Special Cables
From a T -Mike E to T-Mike Programmable
Part # 062-500-055
From IBM Compatible Computer to T -Mike Programmable
adaptor 9 pin to 25 pin - Part # 021-031-995
9 pin - Part #022-506-783
Use the Tab key to cycle
through the SETM IKE
W indows application
controls.
Press SEND to initiate update of the T -Mike. T urn on the T-Mike. If the T -Mike was already on, turn it off
and turn on again.
The T-Mike P/B may require
several attempts to synchronize
with SE T MIKE. Re p eat OFF/O N
cycles until the correct ve locity
appears in the display
.
19
Chapter VII
T-Mike Basic
A. Configuration and Calibration
The T-Mike Basic has five operator selectable materials (steel, aluminum, stainless steel, cast iron, and plexiglass)
with preset sound velocities. One custom material ca be programmed by connecting the T-Mike B to an IBM compatible computer running special software, or from a T-Mike E. In either case, a special cable is required.
B. Material Selection
First follow the above PROBE ZERO procedure to calibrate the delay of the ultrasonic transducer being used.
Press the MAT key to select the material being tested.
Select the material by using the UP and DOWN arrows. Press the MA T key a second time to store the velocity
for the selected material.
Some materials may exhibit sound velocity variations which can cause errors in measurement. Be sure to check a
representative group of samples to determine if such variation is present.
C. Initial Setup
In order to change the settings of the T-Mike B, the instrument must be powered on in the Initial Setup
mode. The setting, which may be changed, are the units of measure and the backlight. This
procedure is defined on pages 1 1 and 12 of the manual. Use the MA T key on the T -Mike B as CAL
key referenced in the procedure.
MAT
20
D. TO PROGRAM FROM A T -MIKE E
Set the T-Mike E in the desired mode by holding down the CAL key while turning on the power. Now calibrate
the sound velocity of the T-Mike E to the desired sound velocity. Turn off both gauges. Connect the special
cable between the two data/charger ports. Turn on the T-Mike E; press the CAL key twice and the LCD will
indicate the velocity. Now turn on the T-Mike B. The T-Mike B should display CAL, followed by the new velocity
and then will go into the measurement mode. Be sure this new velocity matches with the sound velocity in the
T-Mike E.
E. TO PROGRAM FROM AN IBM COMPA TIBLE PC
Remove rubber plug from the serial port of the T -Mike and insert the LEMO connector of the T-Mike serial cable
(Part Number 022-506-783). Connect the serial cable to COM1 or COM2 of the PC. Run SETMIKE from
St art/Programs/Stresstel or from the appropriate installation directory . Select Measurement Unit: Inches or
Millimeters. Enter sound velocity in inches/uS or M/S. Press Enter to accept new velocity . Check Backlight to
illuminate T -Mike reading. Select Serial Port: COM1 or COM2.
Use the Tab key to cycle
through the SETM IKE
W indows application
controls.
When you turn off the T-Mike B, it will display the EPROM software version. When you turn on the T-Mike B,
it will display the active material. Press MAT again to display the sound velocity. Test the T-Mike B on a
material sample to verify that it reads the correct thickness.
Press SEND to initiate update of the T -Mike. T urn on the T-Mike. If the T -Mike was already on, turn it off
and turn on again.
21
Chapter VIII
Helpful Hints on Operation
A. Backlight
The T-Mike E features a backlit LCD display. The display illuminates when an echo is detected. Using the
backlight will significantly reduce battery life. Therefore, you may wish to deactivate the backlight when using
the T-Mike E in a well-lit environment.
B. Clean the Surface
Clean the probe and the material to be measured and apply only enough couplant to obtain a steady, valid
reading. Usually one drop is enough.
C. Material Consistency
Maximum measurement accuracy will be obtained if the work piece and the calibration piece are the same
temperature, shape, material, and size.
Notice
Since velocity of sound varies from test piece to work piece, accuracy of measurement depends on consistency
of ultrasonic velocity . Ultrasonic velocity also varies with internal stress, so that heat treatment of the material
will also affect accuracy. The following table expresses accuracy variations for some common materials.
NOTE: These specifications are intended only as a general guide. Actual accuracy may be different.
Aluminum +/- 2% Cast Iron +/- 8%
Steel +/- 0.5% Nylon +/- 10%
22
Chapter IX
Maintenance and Troubleshooting
A. Transducer and Cable
Check the cable for cuts or punctures. Check if the connectors are on tightly. If the T-Mike E always indicates an
echo when the transducer is connected, look for a piece of metal jammed in the cross talk barrier of the
transducer. The cross talk barrier is the line separating the two halves of the transducer.
B. Optional NiCad Battery
NiCad batteries have a “memory” that destroys their capacity if the battery is not cycled. Do not constantly charge
the T-Mike E. Maximum battery life is obtained by discharging the battery through normal use before recharging.If
you operate the T-Mike E beyond the flashing display warning to the point below the minimum acceptable battery
voltage the T-Mike E will automatically shut off and will not restart until the charger is connected or batteries are
replaced. Data will be retained for approximately four hours, so replace the battery pack as soon as possible.
C. Keypad
The keypad is a matrix type switch. Due to physical damage or excessive wear, one key may remain struck closed
or one entire row or column may cease to function. The keypad is easily field replaceable as a spare part.
D. Display
The LCD is made of glass and is one of the most fragile components of the T-Mike E. It may break if dropped. This
LCD must be replaced by a factory trained technician. DO NOT clean the surface of the display with any solvents or
abrasives.
23
Chapter X
Warranty and Service
A. Instrument and Transducer Warranty
There are no warranties, expressed or implied by either distributor or the manufacturer on new equipment
except the manufacturer’s warranty against defects in material and workmanship set forth below:
GE Inspection Technologies warrants new instruments manufactured by GE Inspection Technologies and
delivered to the original retail purchaser F .O.B. GE Inspection T echnologies’ factory , to be free from defects in
material and workmanship under normal use and service, for a period of two years from delivery of the instrument.
GE Inspection Technologies warrants new transducers manufactured by GE Inspection Technologies and
delivered to the original retail purchaser F .O.B. GE Inspection T echnologies’ factory , to be free from defects in
material and workmanship under normal use and service, for ninety (90) days from the date of purchase.
These warranties are subject to the following limitations to which the Buyer expressly agrees:
A. GE Inspection Technologies’ obligation under this warranty is limited solely to repairing or replacing, at
our option and without charge, FOB GE Inspection T echnologies’ factory in Lewistown, P A with transporta
tion prepaid by the Buyer within the warranty period and which, upon examination by GE Inspection Tech
nologies shall be found to its reasonable satisfaction to have been thus defective. THIS REMEDY IS EX
PRESSL Y SUBSTITUED FOR ANY AND ALL OTHER REMEDIES POSSIBLE UNDER THE UNIFORM
COMMERCIAL, CODE, STATE COMMON OR ST A TUTORY LA W OR OTHERWISE.
B. The provisions of this warranty SHALL NOT APPL Y :
- To any instrument or transducer, which has been subject to misuse, negligence or accident or altered
outside GE Inspection Technologies’ factory in any way so as to, in GE Inspection Technologies’ sole
but reasonable judgement affect its performance and relability .
- T o any instrument or transducer, which has been subjected to an environment, chemistry or
24
temperature that is not compatible with the materials of construction.
- To any parts of an instrument or transducer , which, under normal usage, would not or are not expected to
last the warranty period, i.e. “wear” items (i.e. batteries and cables).
- T o any instrumentor transducer , which have not been subject to proper care and maintenance.
- GE Inspection Technologies shall not be liable for any damages, whether direct or indirect, economic,
commerical, incidental, or consequential and whether arising from GE Inspection Technologies’ negligence, breach
of contract, product liability , warranty or any other reason.
- T o any instrument s or transducer not manufactured by GE Inspection Technologies. For equipment
furnished, but not manufactured by GE Inspection T echnologies, GE Inspection T echnologies assigns to the Buyer
any warranty and/or claim it may have against the manufacturer or supplier of the equipment.
THIS WARRANTY IS EXPRESSL Y IN LIEW OF ANY OTHER W ARRANTIES. EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
OF MERCHANTABILITY, SUITABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A P AR TICULAR PURPOSE and GE Inspection T echnologies neither assumes nor authorizes another to assume any liability in connection with such equipment, except as
provided above.
25
Glass(Crn) .22 5700 Porcelain .22 5600
Glass(Wind) .27 6800 Rubber(Butyl) .073 1900
Gold .13 3200 Rubber (Vulc) .0 9 2300
Inconel .22 5700 Silver .14 3600
Lead .085 2200 Steel .23
5900
Magnesium .23 5800 Tin .13 3300
Manganese .18 4700 Titanium .24 5900
Molybdenum .25 6300 Tungsten .21 5400
Neoprene .063 1600 Zinc .16 4200
Monel .21 5400 Zircaloy 2 .19 4700
Nickel .22 5600
The information is supplied for the convenience of the user and StressT el Corporation assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. The actual velocity
of the above material is dependent upon the exact composition, temperature, and processing of each material.
Table for Typical Sound Velocity (Longitudinal Wave) in Various Materials.
in/
µµ
µµ
µsec m/sec in/
µµ
µµ
µsec m/sec
Aluminum .25 6300 Nylon .10 2600
Beryllium .51 12900 Phenolic .056 1400
Brass .17 4400 Platinum .16 4000
Cadmium .11 2800 Plexiglas .11 2700
Cast Iron .19 4500 Polyethylene .07 1900
Copper .18 4700 Polystyrene .093 2400
Diamond .69 17500 Polyurethane .07 1900
Appendix A
26
Appendix B
27
28
ADDENDUM
Two point thickness calibration
Two point calibration allows a T -Mike E user to bracket a range of thickness by setting the probe
delay on the thinner of two calibration blocks and by setting the velocity on a second, thicker block. In
two point calibration mode the automatic function of the probe zero block on the top of the T -Mike E
is disabled.
The current cal procedure using the probe zero block on the top of the T -Mike E remains the same
and is called one point calibration.
How to select between one and two point calibration
Another option has been added to the gage setup procedure. T o enter setup, hold down the [CAL]
key while turning the gage on by pressing and releasing the [ON-OFF] key .
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In the setup menu, the user first sees the software revision displayed. Then the backlight on/off is shown, then IN/
MM, then CAL/LOC.
The next press of CAL allows the user to scroll between one and two point calibration techniques.
The display appears:
Press Ó or Ô to toggle between one and two point. When the user selects 1 Pt, the gage works in the normal one
point calibration.
When the user selects 2 Pt, the gage calibration technique is modified to the following procedure:
How to perform a two point calibration
Y ou must have a calibration sample which has two known thicknesses. (Measured by mechanical means.) Press
the [CAL] key and
the gage will display:
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Couple the probe to the thinner calibration sample. Remove the probe and adjust the reading to agree with the known
thickness by pressing á or â. When this reading is correct press [CAL].
The gage will display:
Couple the probe to the thicker calibration sample. Remove the probe and adjust the reading to agree with the known
thickness by pressing á or â.
Now press [CAL] once more. The display will display the newly calibrated sound velocity. If you wish, you may modify
the sound velocity by pressing áorâ, although this over rides the calibration and is not recommended. Press [CAL] to
return to the measurement mode.
IMPORT ANT : Because the two measurements interact (in other words, adjusting the thin value af fects the thick value),
it may be necessary to repeat the above procedure a number of times until no more changes are necessary .
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