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UM1631
User manual
STEVAL-IHT005V2 - 3.3 V control of ACS®/Triac with STM32™
Introduction
The STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board is designed for the home appliance market,
with a focus on the demonstration of a robust solution with a 3.3 V supplied 32-bit MCU.
Targeted applications are mid-end and high-end washing machines, dishwashers and
dryers with different kinds of ACS
The demonstration board is based on the recently introduced 48-pin, 32-bit
STM32F100C4T6B MCU running at 24 MHz (RC user-trimmable internal RC clock),
featuring 16 kBytes of Flash memory, 12-bit A/D converter, 5 timers, communication
interfaces, and 4 kBytes of SRAM.
The power supply circuitry is based on the VIPer
avalanche rugged power section, operating at 60 kHz. The power supply provides negative
6 V in buck-boost topology.
The STEVAL-IHT005V2 can control 2 high power loads up to 2830 W thanks to the T1635H,
a 16 A, 600 V high temperature Triac and up to 2050 W thanks to the ACST1635-8FP
a 16 A, 800 V high temperature overvoltage protected ACST device. The high power load
control is based on phase angle control. In order to limit the inrush current and possible
current peaks, the demonstration board features a soft-start routine and a smooth power
change function for the high power loads.
The STEVAL-IHT005V2 can also control 4 low power loads up to 100 W thanks to
3 ACS108-8S, 0.8 A, 800 V overvoltage protected ACS devices and a Z0109, 1 A standard
4 quadrant 600 V Triac.
The demonstration board passed the precompliance tests for EMC directives
IEC 61000-4-4 (burst up to 8 kV) and IEC 61000-4-5 (surge up to 2 kV).
When put in standby mode, the STEVAL-IHT005V2 has an overall standby power
consumption below 500 mW at 264 V/50 Hz.
®
/Triacs.
®
16L, an offline converter with an 800 V
Figure 1. STEVAL-IHT005V2
October 2013 DocID024503 Rev 1 1/27
www.st.com
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Contents UM1631
Contents
1 Board features and objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Board features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Targeted applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1 Intended use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Electrical connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.4 Board operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1 Connection diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2 How to operate the STEVAL-IHT005V2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3 MCU programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.4 Load and gate control fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.1 Phase angle control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2 Full wave control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5 Power supply consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.1 Max. output current and standby consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.2 Gate voltage impact on gate current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.3 Pulsed gate control and average gate current consumption . . . . . . . . . . 13
6 Board immunity performances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.1 Hardware and software features to increase immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Software features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.2 Surge tests results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
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UM1631 Contents
6.3 Burst tests results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.3.1 Test procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.3.2 Test results of the board without hardware modifications . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.3.3 Input filter influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.3.4 Noise suppressor influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.3.5 Gate filtering circuit influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.3.6 Immunity to relay switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Appendix A STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
A.1 Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
A.2 Demonstration board layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
A.3 Test point lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
A.4 Gate resistor calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Gate resistor calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Assumptions for calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
A.5 Bill of material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
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Board features and objectives UM1631
1 Board features and objectives
1.1 Objectives
The board is designed for promotion of a complete solution for home appliance applications
based on STMicroelectronics™ components. Special emphasis is placed on demonstration
of the robust full 3.3 V solution. Robustness is demonstrated on 4 kV level in class A during
IEC-61000-4-4 (burst) test.
This board also allows designers to check AC switches control feasibility with a 3.3 V supply.
Gate currents can be measured and compared to the information given in AN2986.
Promoted parts are
STM32F100C4T6B - value line 32-bit MCU
T1635H-6T - 16 A 600 V 35 mA high temperature Snubberless™ Triac in TO-220
package
ACST1635-8FP - 16 A 800 V high temperature overvoltage protected AC switch in
TO-220 FPAB package
ACS108-8SA - 0.8 A 800 V 10 mA overvoltage protected ACS device in TO-92
package
Z0109MA - 1 A standard 10 mA 4Q Triac in TO-92 package
VIPer16L - an offline converter with 800 V avalanche rugged power section operating
at 60 kHz.
The ACS108 and Z0109 are controlled in ON/OFF mode with the buttons. These devices
control small loads like valves, pumps, and door locks.
The T1635H and ACST16 are controlled in phase control mode with potentiometers. These
devices control high power loads like drum motors or heating resistors.
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UM1631 Board features and objectives
1.2 Board features
The board key features and performances are
Complete solution for -3.3 V control
Input voltage range: 90-265 VAC 50/60 Hz
Negative 6 V/3.3 V VDC auxiliary power supply based on the VIPer16L in buck-boost
topology
Total power consumption in standby mode is lower than 0.5 W for 264 V/50 Hz
48-pin, 32-bit value line family STM32F100C4T6B MCU as main controller
Zero voltage switching (ZVS) interrupt to synchronize MCU events with voltage mains
1x T1635H-6T and 1 x ACST1635-8FP for phase control of high power loads
5 discrete power level states with soft change for phase angle controlled devices
1x Z0109 and 3x ACS108 for full wave control of low power loads
1x relay for demonstration of the board noise robustness
“Red” LED to show that the board is supplied from mains
“Green” LED for each ACS/ACST/Triac to show that the device is turned ON
JTAG programming connector
External wire loop for gate current measurement
2
I
C bus hardware/software ready
18 test pins
IEC 61000-4-4 precompliance test passed (burst up to 8 kV)
IEC 61000-4-5 precompliance test passed (surge up to 2 kV)
RoHS compliant
1.3 Targeted applications
Targeted applications are mid-end and high-end washing machines, dishwashers, dryers,
and coffee machines.
Optionally, this board targets any home-appliance application where the STM32 MCU
controls any type of Triac/ACST/ACS.
1.4 Operating conditions
The board operates in nominal line voltage 110 V/230 V in both 50/60 Hz power nets.
Line voltage: 90-264 V 50/60 Hz
Operating ambient temperature 0 °C to 60 °C
Nominal loads power (for 230 V voltage)
– ACST1635-8FP - 2050 W
– T1635H-6T - 2830 W
– Z0109MA - 96 W
– ACS108-8SA - 105 W
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Safety instructions UM1631
2 Safety instructions
Warning: The high voltage levels used to operate the STEVAL-IHT005V2
board could present a serious electrical shock hazard. This
demonstration board must be used in a suitable laboratory by
qualified personnel only, familiar with the installation, use,
and maintenance of power electrical systems.
2.1 Intended use
The STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board is a component designed for demonstration
purposes only, and not to be used either for domestic installation or for industrial installation.
The technical data as well as the information concerning the power supply and working
conditions should be taken from the documentation included in the kit and strictly observed.
2.2 Installation
Installation instructions for the STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board must be taken from
the present user manual and strictly observed. The components must be protected against
excessive strain. In particular, no components are to be bent, or isolating distances altered
during transportation, handling or use. No contact must be made with electronic
components and contacts. The STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board contains
electrostatically sensitive components that are prone to damage through improper use.
Electrical components must not be mechanically damaged or destroyed (to avoid potential
risks and health injury).
2.3 Electrical connection
Applicable national accident prevention rules must be followed when working on the mains
power supply. The electrical installation must be completed in accordance with the
appropriate requirements (e.g. cross-sectional areas of conductors, fusing, PE
connections). In particular, the programming device must be disconnected from the board
JTAG connector when the board is plugged into the mains.
2.4 Board operation
A system architecture which supplies power to the demonstration board must be equipped
with additional control and protective devices in accordance with the applicable safety
requirements (e.g. compliance with technical equipment and accident prevention rules).
Note: Do not touch the board after disconnection from the mains power supply, as several parts
and power terminals which contain possibly energized capacitors need to be allowed to
discharge completely.
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UM1631 Getting started
3 Getting started
3.1 Connection diagram
Figure 2 shows an image of the board with proper connection of each application.
Figure 2. Board connector
Note: Connect loads and voltage probes before applying line voltage.
3.2 How to operate the STEVAL-IHT005V2
Line voltage must be connected in position as described in Figure 2. The demonstration
board can be operated with or without the load. Even if no load is connected to the
demonstration board, all signals are present and can be displayed on the oscilloscope.
Red LED D6 signals the board is properly supplied from the mains. It also signals that high
voltage is present on the demonstration board.
It is recommended, although not required, to turn both potentiometers to the OFF position
before powering the demonstration board. The board is ready to operate after passing all
initialization routines, like mains frequency recognition, that take approximately 2 s.
Potentiometer R65 controls T1 (T1635H) and potentiometer R66 controls T2 (ACST16).
Output power level is adjusted by changing the position of the related potentiometer. Power
regulation is divided into 5 steps where position 1 means minimum power and position 5
means maximum power. LED D11 for T1 (T1635H) and LED D12 for T2 (ACST16) signal
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Getting started UM1631
that the gate control signal is applied. If the load (example motor) is running and the LED
lights up, it indicates the MCU properly controls the Triac(s).
Blue, black and white buttons control the 3x ACS108 and Z01 in ON/OFF mode with zero
voltage synchronization. The blue button S1 controls ACS1, black button S2 controls ACS2,
black button S3 controls ACS3 and white button S4 controls T3. The different colors are
used for easy recognition of the controlled device.
ACS2 and ACS3 are controlled with 2 ms gate pulses. This is sufficient for loads with RMS
current approximately in the range of 100 mA - 500 mA. Smaller loads should be controlled
with ACS1, which has continuous gate control.
T3 is controlled with 2 ms pulses and is used for comparison with ACS2 and ACS3 behavior.
LED D10 for T3 (Z01), LED (D7) for ACS1 (ACS108-8S), LED D8 for ACS2 (ACS108-8S)
and LED D9 for ACS3 (ACS108-8S) signals that the gate control signal is applied.
The red button S5 controls relay R1. Relay is controlled in the continuous DC mode. The DC
control starts in zero voltage for control coil.
Note: The coil control in zero voltage does not lead to accurate “Zero Voltage Switching” of the
power contacts.
Button control is used in a two-step control. When the button is first pushed it turns the
related device ON. A second push of the button turns the related device OFF. All devices
controlled by buttons are set in the OFF position after reset.
Figure 3. Overview of the demonstration board operation
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UM1631 Getting started
3.3 MCU programming
Once the demonstration board has the mains cable and load cable correctly connected, it
can be powered on. The STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board goes to wait-for-signal
mode immediately after powering it on.
A JTAG connector for MCU programming is used when software modifications are
necessary.
Warning: Programming device has to be galvanically isolated from
mains when programmed directly on mains.
3.4 Load and gate control fitting
Gate current pulse is generated by the MCU. The length of the pulse is set by software.
Gate current pulse length is important. Its value must be set according to the minimum load
current. The load current has to reach the AC switch latching current value to keep the
device ON after the gate pulse is removed. Latching current (I
datasheet - ACS108-8S. It is important to check this point for low power loads when RMS
current is low and it takes a long time to reach the latching current level. When gate current
is removed before the load current reaches latching current, the device may turn off. Refer
to the AN302 application note for further information on latching current.
) is specified in the AC switch
L
The maximum value and length of the gate current the board can provide depends on power
supply rating. The power supply used in the demonstration board is able to provide 120 mA
continuously in full range of the operating voltage.
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Functional description UM1631
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4 Functional description
Two different types of ACS/Triac control are implemented. Phase angle control and full
wave control. The gate control signal is synchronized with zero voltage crossing signal
(ZVC). The MCU operation is also synchronized with ZVC signal. ZVC signal is sent directly
to the MCU input pin that is set as external interrupt.
4.1 Phase angle control
Control of T1 (T1635H) and T2 (ACST16) is based on phase angle control.
Figure 4. Phase angle control description
Phase angle control is based on changing the firing angle (delay). The firing angle
determines the power that is delivered to the load. The shorter the firing angle (delay), the
higher the power.
Firing angle and gate control pulse are defined by software. Tab le 1 shows initial setting of
firing angle.
Firing angle (delay) 8.5 ms 6.9 ms 5.2 ms 3.6 ms 2.0 ms
4.2 Full wave control
Control of T3 (Z0109), ACS1, ACS2, and ACS3 (all ACS108-8S) is based on full wave pulse
control.
Table 1. Firing angle delay
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5
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UM1631 Functional description
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Figure 5. Full wave control description
Full wave pulse control is based on sending gate control pulse immediately after ZVC
signal. Gate control pulse length is defined by the software.
Refer to Tabl e 2 for default gate current pulse duration for all AC switches. Duration of each
pulse is set separately for 50 Hz and 60 Hz mains.
Table 2. Initial gate current pulse duration
Device Variable name for 50 Hz mains
Initial gate
pulse
duration
(ms/timer
(1)
steps)
Variable name for 60 Hz mains
Initial gate
pulse
duration
(ms/timer
steps)
ACS1 ACS_1_SWITCHTIME_50HZ 10/100 ACS_1_SWITCHTIME_60HZ 8.3/83
ACS2 ACS_2_SWITCHTIME_50HZ
2/20
ACS_2_SWITCHTIME_60HZ 1.6/16
ACS3 ACS_3_SWITCHTIME_50HZ 2/20 ACS_3_SWITCHTIME_60HZ 1.6/16
Z0109 Z0109_SWITCHTIME_50HZ 2/20 Z0109_SWITCHTIME_60HZ 1.6/16
ACST16 ACST16_SWITCHTIME_50HZ 1/10 ACST16_SWITCHTIME_60HZ 0.8/8
T1635H T1635H_SWITCHTIME_50HZ 1/10 T1635H_SWITCHTIME_60HZ 0.8/8
1. The timer step is 100 µs.
(1)
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Power supply consumption UM1631
5 Power supply consumption
5.1 Max. output current and standby consumption
Non-isolated SMPS based on the VIPer16 in buck-boost topology is designed to provide
output voltage of -6 V. Maximum output current is 120 mA. -3.3 V voltage supply necessary
to supply MCU consists of linear regulator LM337.
Standby consumption has been measured in full range of the supply voltage. The standby
power consumption fulfills the requirement of maximum total power consumption to be
below 500 mW.
Total power consumption of the board in standby mode at supply voltage of 264 Vrms/50 Hz
was 499 mW (output current 10 mA at output voltage -6 V).
The power supply uses mains voltage for self supply from high voltage current generator.
Standby power consumption can be reduced by using the configuration with VIPer16 supply
made from the low voltage side. Refer to the AN2872 application note and VIPer16
datasheet for further information on power supply design.
5.2 Gate voltage impact on gate current
Gate voltage VGT varies with load current as shown in Figure 4 Figure 6?. This variation is
significant and cannot be neglected mainly for devices that are controlled in DC mode and
with low power supply level such as 3.3 V.
Figure 6. Example of V
(0.2 A RMS) for a Z0103 (T
variation with load current in quadrants 2 and 3
GT
= 85 °C, IG0 = 7.5 mA)
j
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UM1631 Power supply consumption
ACS devices have lower VGT variation with load current than Triacs and that is why they are
more suitable for 3.3 V applications as the gate current variation is lower.
Refer to the AN2986 application note for further details and for gate resistor calculation.
5.3 Pulsed gate control and average gate current consumption
Tabl e 3 gives the initial gate current pulse widths for each AC switch, and the maximum
pulse width that may be programmed to keep the overall consumption below the maximum
capability of the VIPer16 supply.
Table 3. Application current consumption
Device
T1635H-6T T1 30 35 50 1 5 N/A
ACST1635-8FP T2 30 35 50 1 5 N/A
Z0109MA T3 112 10 15 2 3 10
ACS108-8SA ACS1 112 10 15 10 15 10
ACS108-8SA ACS2 112 10 15 2 3 10
ACS108-8SA ACS3 112 10 15 2 3 10
1. Device is controlled in phase angle control, long pulse is not desired.
PCB
label
Gate
resistor
[]
I
GT
(Tj = 25 °C)
[mA]
I
GT
(Tj = 0 °C)
[mA]
Gate current
pulse
duration
[ms]
Maximum
average
current
[mA]
Max. gate
current pulse
duration (DC
mode) [ms]
Current consumption of the MCU and six signal LEDs, when turned ON, was estimated at
25 mA. Total current consumption of the board when all Triacs/AC switches are ON with
maximum gate current pulse is 95 mA (T1 and T2 have 1 ms gate current pulse as
described above).
(1)
(1)
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Board immunity performances UM1631
6 Board immunity performances
6.1 Hardware and software features to increase immunity
Software features
Software features to improve board immunity are
Filtering procedure for button and potentiometer control
Software watchdog
Hardware features to improve board immunity are
Input varistor
ACS-ACST technology and Transil™ as an option for T1635H-6T
47 nF input X2 capacitor
Noise suppressor circuits are implemented (10 nF X2 capacitor and 75 resistor)
R-C-R filter on gate implemented (RG/2, 10 nF, RG/2)
Layout golden rules for immunity improvement
Power tracks far from signal tracks
V
Noise suppressor and R-C-R gate filter close to AC switches and Triacs
Input MCU pins have implemented filter capacitor 10 nF
Any branch in the V
SS
map
DD
6.2 Surge tests results
Standard IEC 61000-4-5 tests were performed with surge level of 2 kV, which is required for
home appliances. Mains voltage used for the tests was 230 Vrms/50 Hz.
The ACST16 device is protected against overvoltage spikes up to 2 kV with implemented
crowbar technology. See the ACST16 datasheet for further details.
ACS devices are protected against overvoltage spikes up to 2 kV with implemented crowbar
technology. See the ACS108-8S datasheet for further details.
The Z01 Triac is protected thanks to the noise suppressor circuit and high impedance of the
load (refer to the AN437 application note for snubber design).
The T1635H is protected with Transil P6KE400CA. This is a different implementation of the
crowbar technology. The purpose here is to propose overvoltage protection with a crowbar
technology. This method presents the advantage of not aging contrary to the varistor
technology.
map has implemented a capacitor to decrease the VDD variation
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UM1631 Board immunity performances
6.3 Burst tests results
6.3.1 Test procedure
Standard IEC 61000-4-4 tests were implemented. The tests were performed at a frequency
of 100 kHz and power supply voltage of 254 Vrms/50 Hz. Parameters of the spikes:
T
= 0.7 ms, Tr = 300 ms. All affected couplings were tested. Spikes were applied against
d
the plate and related polarity (+/-) and the mains wire is mentioned: L+, L-, N+, N-, LN+,
LN-. The board was tested during OFF state (all AC switches were turned OFF).
Protective earth (PE) wire is not connected on the board which is why the couplings with PE
were not tested.
6.3.2 Test results of the board without hardware modifications
The target voltage level of the board immunity against burst spikes was 4 KV without any
influence on the board performance (class A).
MCU STM32F100C4T6B was not disturbed by the burst spikes up to 6 kV (class A). Burst
spikes up to 8 kV caused the MCU to reset but it recovers without external intervention
(class B). Reset procedure did not influence the immunity of the devices with higher
immunity.
Tabl e 4 shows immunity level of the ACS/Triacs against the burst spikes. The immunity is
defined by voltage level of spurious triggering.
Table 4. Immunity level of ACS/Triacs in class A
STEVAL-IHT005V2 VIN 254 VAC - 50 Hz L+ L- N+ N- LN+ LN-
T1635H (150 W light bulb load) > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV
ACST16 (150 W light bulb load) > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV
Z0109 (75 W light bulb load) 4.5 kV 4.1 kV 3.7 kV 4.6 kV 4.0 kV 3.7 kV
ACS1 (75 W light bulb load) 7.4 kV 6.7 kV > 8 kV 7.1 kV 7.3 kV 7.0 kV
ACS2 (150 W light bulb load) > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV 7.6 kV 7.1 kV
ACS3 (150 W light bulb load) > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV > 8 kV 7.6 kV 7.1 kV
6.3.3 Input filter influence
A 47 nF, X2 capacitor is implemented as the input filter. To achieve 4 kV immunity against
the burst spikes for all the AC switches, it was necessary to add two other X2 capacitors:
100 nF and 220 nF, as each of them influenced a different type of coupling. These two
capacitors are not included on the STEVAL-IHT005V2 board as only Z0109 was below 4 kV
level.
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Board immunity performances UM1631
STEVAL-IHT005V2
VIN 254 VAC - 50 Hz
Standby
+ L
ON + level 3 (5.2 ms)
Standby
+ N
ON + level 3 (5.2 ms)
Standby
+ L +N
ON + level 3 (5.2 ms)
Standby
- L
ON + level 3 (5.2 ms)
Standby
- N
ON + level 3 (5.2 ms)
Standby
- L +N
ON + level 3 (5.2 ms)
Table 5. IEC-61000-4-4 results with input filter modification
2 kV 4 kV 6 kV 8 kV
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
Note: A. No changes in functionality. The board works properly, no reset occurring.
B. Reset occurs, but the board recovers without external intervention.
C. Application does not recover without external intervention.
Two states were tested. Standby mode, when all devices are OFF, and “ON + level 3" when
all devices are turned ON: the devices controlled in full wave mode (T3, ACS1, ACS2,
ACS3) are ON for the whole period and phase angle controlled devices (T1, T2) are ON at
level 3 (5.2 ms delay after zero voltage crossing signal).
6.3.4 Noise suppressor influence
The noise suppressor circuit that consists of X2 capacitor 10 nF (C2, C12, C14, C19, C21,
C23) and resistor 75 (R13, R19, R28, R43, R51, R60) has significant influence on burst
immunity of the devices, as shown in the tests results below (to compare with Table 5
results).
Table 6. Immunity of the high power devices without RC noise suppressor
STEVAL-IHT005V2
VIN 254 VAC - 50 Hz
T1635H (150 W light bulb load) 1.7 kV 1.6 kV 1.9 kV 1.7 kV 2.1 kV 1.7 kV
ACST16 (150 W light bulb load) 4.6 kV 3.5 kV 4.8 kV 3.1 kV 3.3 kV 3.1 kV
L+ L- N+ N- LN+ LN-
16/27 DocID024503 Rev 1
Page 17
UM1631 Board immunity performances
6.3.5 Gate filtering circuit influence
The gate filtering circuit has an influence mainly on sensitive devices. When the gate
filtering circuit is removed, the immunity of Z01 decreases to 2 kV and immunity of ACS108
is decreased to 4 kV. Gate filtering circuit is not mandatory to pass IEC-61000-4-4 tests for
ACS108.
There is no influence on 35 mA I
GT
6.3.6 Immunity to relay switching
Relay is connected on the board. The relay cannot be controlled in zero voltage mode.
Switching of the relay produces very high dV/dt, other devices must be immune to this type
of noise. Immunity tests of the devices against relay switching have been performed.
Figure 7 shows turn-off behavior of the relay. (The dV/dt observed during turn-off is
1 kV/µs.) Observed peak voltage during turn-off was +/-1300 V. The dV/dt observed during
turn-on was 4 kV/µs. The load was 1.4 H inductor with serial resistance 12 , (RMS current
0.52 A). The Triacs and ACS/ACST switches were not disturbed by these spikes.
Figure 7. dV/dt behavior during relay turn-off
devices, when the gate filtering circuit is removed.
DocID024503 Rev 1 17/27
Page 18
Board immunity performances UM1631
Figure 8. dV/dt behavior during turn-on
18/27 DocID024503 Rev 1
Page 19
UM1631 STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic
Appendix A STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic
A.1 Schematic
Figure 9. STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic
OUT_ACS1
ACS_3
BUTTON_Z0109
LED_Z0109
R44
NRST_JTAG
1
testpoint
C21
ACS2
DD
V
C22
10 nF
G_ACS2
1
testpoint
LED_ACST1635
2
3
BUTTON_ACS_
BUTTON_ACS_
LED_T1635H
LED
D11
R47
DD
V
R45
R46
V
X2 10 nF/305
R51
COM
G
R48 R49
R50
2
ACS_
LED_ACS_1
LED_ACS_2
1
BUTTON_ACS_
LED
D12
DD
V
20
123
J4
-8S
ACS108
OUT
1
testpoint
OUT_ACS 2
3
D_Z0109
LE
LED_ACS_
DD
V
DD
V
DD
V
LED_ACST1635
LED
R52
DD
V
DD
V
Header_3
C23
VDD
Cap
10 nF
G_ACS3
testpoint
R67
R56
R55
R54
R53
OUT_ACS3
0 nF
X2
1
ACS3
M
CO
R58
C24
R57
R59
1
Y
BUTTON_RELA
BUTTON_Z0109
3
BUTTON_ACS_
2
BUTTON_ACS_
BUTTON_ACS_1
/305 V
G
ACS_3
C36
C35
C34
C33
1
testpoint
R60
ACS108-8S
OUT
DD
V
DD
V
10 nF
10 nF
10 nF
10 nF
10 nF
C32
R66
GND
S5
12
GND
12
GND
12
GND
12
GND
12
POTENTIOMETER_ACST1635
10 nF
C38
GND
RPot
R65
RPot
10nFC37
TENTIOMETER_T1635H
PO
100 nF
C29
R68
button
34
100 nF
C28
R64
S4
button
34
C27
R63
100 nF
S3
button
34
100 nF
C26
R62
S2
button
34
100 nF
C25
R61
S1
button
34
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
VDD
G_T1
Viper16L
X2
C2
R69
C10
10 nF
1
testpoint
R3
4
ZVC signal
R1 R2
R12
10 nF/
T1
R11
T1635H
R4
FB
Drain7Drain
8
1 nF
C31
1
ZVC
L
relay_out
testpoint
N/A
305 V
2
R8 R10
C1
CE1
2
DD
V
testpoint
J2
R13
T1635H
TR1
P6KE400CA
-6 V
1
-6 V
D3
1
L1
GND
D2
D1
R5
1
L
1
testpoint
U2
100 nF
S
LIM
COMP
1 mH
123
-3.3 V
1
-6 V
-3.3 V
3
OUT
IN
2
STTH1R06
R6
3
5
CE3
CE2
1N4007
1N4007
R14
Header_3
DD
V
testpoint
R15
ADJ
CE4
N/A
F/450 V F/450 V
C11
Varistor
A2_T1
1
C13
Cap
10 nF
GND
CE5
Res
1
LM337
CE6
D4
1 mH
L2
N.A.
C3
R7
N/A
X2 47 nF/305 V
testpoint
305 V
C12
X2 10 nF/
T2
R17R16
DD
V
1
ACST1635
DD
V
0 V
R18
Res
N/A
STTH1R06
1 nFC4
N
J1
123
J3
R19
ACST1635
OUT_T2
testpoint
DD
V
DD
V
DD
V
DD
V
DD
V
testpoint
1
123
Header_3
1
testpoint
I2C_SCL
BUTTON_RELAY
R20
R22
P1
N_VDD
Header_3
DD
V
G_T3
testpoint
I2C_SDA
4
R21
R23
BC557A
Q1
C14
R25R24
10 nF C16
R26
1
PB4
LED_T1635H
2C_SDA
I
I2C_SCL
123
NRST
NRST_JTAG
relay
relay_out
X2
Z0109
C15
A2_T3
1
10 nF/
305 V
T3
Z0109
PB3
PA1 5
relay
C5
100 nF
DD
V
GND
GND
Header 4
100 nF
3
1
testpoint
R28
V
10k
R27
Relay
K1
DD
PA1 4
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
G_T2
DD
V
C6
STM32F100CB
36
37
PA1 4
PA1 5
PB3
PB4
PB5
PB6
PB7
BOOT0
PB8
PB9
3
3
48
VSS_
VDD_
1
C17
GND
D5
1N4007
-RAS 0515
R29
4
2
DD
V
ACST1635
R33
1
testpoint
BC547A
Q2
1 nF
C30
100 nF
35
VSS_2
VDD_2
PC13
VBAT
2
2
PA1 3
PA1 334PA1 233PA1132PA1 0
PC143PC154PD0
ZVC signal
N/A
R30
N/A
R9
XT1
N/A
D6
ON/OFF signal
DD
V
R70
GND
R34
Z0109
1
T1635H
ACS_
26
25
28
31
29
PA930PA8
PB1427PB13
PB12
PB15
VDD_1
24
VSS_1
23
PB11
22
PB10
21
PB2
20
PB1
19
PB0
18
PA7
17
PA6
16
PA5
15
PA4
14
PA3
13
VSSA8NRST7PD1
VDDA9PA010PA111PA2
6
5
12
C9
10 nF
NRST
C8
L3
N/A
DD
V
1
C18
N/A
GND
-6 V
LED_ACS_1
LED
D7
LED
D8
R35
R32
DD
DD
V
V
-6 V
DD
V
V
PB4
-6
CN1
PA15
DD
V
12345678910111213141516171819
JTAG
V
R37
DD
LED_ACS_2
PA13
DD
V
GND
10 nF
GND
GND
G_ACS1
testpoint
C7
LED
V
PB3
PA14
ACS1
C20
1
100 nF
GND
D9
R40
DD
10 nF/305 V
X2
C19
R43
-8S
ACS108
OUT
COM
G
R39
R38
R41
1
ACS_
ACS_2
GND
POTENTIOMETER_T1635H
POTENTIOMETER_ACST1635
LED_ACS_3
LED
D10
DD
V
R42
PB3
AM07459V1
DocID024503 Rev 1 19/27
Page 20
STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic UM1631
A.2 Demonstration board layout
Figure 10. STEVAL-IHT005V2 - top layer
Figure 11. STEVAL-IHT005V2 - bottom layer
20/27 DocID024503 Rev 1
Page 21
UM1631 STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic
R
g
1
1
R
gt– ol
100
---------------+
------------------------------ -
V
DD M– inVGT M– ax
– VOL–
l
G
0C
----------------------------------------------------------------- -
A.3 Test point lists
Name Definition
G_T1 Control signal of T1 (T1635H)
ZVC “Zero Voltage Crossing” signal
-6 V Reference of SMPS output voltage
N_VDD Neutral reference and VDD
-3.3 V Reference for MCU power supply
A2_T1 A2 terminal of T1
VDD MCU power supply voltage
OUT_T2 OUT terminal of T2 (ACST16)
G_T3 Control signal of T3 (Z0109)
A2_T3 A2 terminal of T3
G_T2 Control signal of T2 (ACST16)
G_ACS1 Control signal of ACS1
OUT_ACS1 OUT terminal of ACS1
G_ACS2 Control signal of ACS2
OUT_ACS2 OUT terminal of ACS2
G_ACS3 Control signal of ACS3
Table 7. Test points definition
OUT_ACS3 OUT terminal of ACS3
Line LINE voltage
A.4 Gate resistor calculation
The gate resistor value must be defined within the equation below to ensure to apply a gate
current higher than specified I
Gate resistor calculation
for the worst operating conditions:
GT
DocID024503 Rev 1 21/27
Page 22
STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic UM1631
Assumptions for calculation
Note: V
V
is minimum supply voltage (typically 3 V for 3.3 V power supply taking into
DD_Min
account dispersion of resistors at LM337).
V
GT_Max
= 1.0 V (maximum gate voltage that must be applied between gate and A1 or
COM).
V
= 0.4 V maximum MCU I/O port voltage when turned to low level (given by the
OL
datasheet (0.4 V for STM32F100)).
value of 0.4 V is used also for BC547B buffer transistor control.
OL
R
I
is tolerance of used resistor (typically 1% or 5%).
g_tol
(0 °C) is gate current for minimum ambient temperature (normally 0 °C) (refer to
G
Triac family datasheet curve).
Standard resistor choices, according to the above equation and assumptions, are shown in
Tabl e 8.
T1635H
ACST16
ACS108
Table 8. Gate resistor definition for each device
Tolerance of Rg (%) Rg ()R
1 31.7 2 x 15
5 30.4 2 x 15
1 31.7 2 x 15
5 30.4 2 x 15
1 112.2 2 x 56
5 107.8 2 x 51
standard ()
g
Z0109
1 112.2 2 x 56
5 107.8 2 x 51
In the STEVAL-IHT005V2 demonstration board tolerance resistors of 1% are used.
22/27 DocID024503 Rev 1
Page 23
UM1631 STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic
A.5 Bill of material
Table 9. Bill of material
Quan-
tity
1C3 N/A Capacitor
1 P1 N/A Header, 4-pin
2 C17, C18 N/A Capacitor
2 R6, R7 N/A Resistor
2 R9, R30 N/A Resistor
1 C11 X2 47 nF/305 V Capacitor EPCOS B32922C3473K000
6
1 C1 100 nF/50 V 0805 SMD Capacitor Any
3 C4, C30, C31 1 nF/50 V 0805 SMD Capacitor Any
1C8 1 F/16 V 0603 SMD Capacitor Any
1 C9 10 nF/50 V 0603 SMD Capacitor Any
1CE1 10 F/50 V Electrolytic capacitor Any
1 CE4 220 F/16 V Electrolytic capacitor Any
1CE5 10 uF/16 V Electrolytic capacitor Any
1 CE6 N/A Electrolytic capacitor Any
1 CN2 MLW20G Connector Any
Designator Value Description Vendor Order code
C2, C12, C14,
C19, C21, C23
X2 10 nF/305 V Capacitor EPCOS B32921C3103K000
1 D6 LED 0805 red 20 mA Typical LED Any
1 K1 RAS 0515 Single-pole relay Any
1 L1 1 mH 0.13 A Inductor Any
1 L2 1 mH 0.28 A Inductor Any
1L3
1 Q1 BC557A
1 Q2 BC547A
1 R12 N/A Varistor Any
1 R14 595-275 Varistor Any
1 R15 1.2 k 0.6 W Resistor Any
1 R18 2 k 0.6 W Resistor Any
1 R28 56 0.6 W Resistor Any
1 R31 4.7 k0.6 W Resistor Any
1 R32 2 k 0805 SMD Resistor Any
1 H 0805 SMD
0.09 A
Inductor Any
PNP bipolar
transistor
NPN bipolar
transistor
Any
Any
DocID024503 Rev 1 23/27
Page 24
STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic UM1631
Table 9. Bill of material (continued)
Quan-
tity
1R5 22 - 5% 2 W Resistor Any
1 R69 100 0.6 W Resistor Any
1 S1 P-DT6BL Button Any
2 S2, S3 P-DT6SW Button Any
1S4 P-DT6WS Button Any
1S5 P-DT6RT Button Any
1XT1 N/A
2CE2, CE3 4.7 F/450 V Electrolytic capacitor Any
2 R1, R2 220 k - 1% 0.6 W Resistor Any
2 R3, R4 56 k 0805 SMD Resistor Any
2 R65, R66 50 k Potentiometer + shaft Any
3 C5, C6, C7 100 nF/50 V 0603 SMD Capacitor Any
3 D1, D2, D5 1N4007 SMA Default diode Any
3 R23, R34, R70 1 k 0805 SMD Resistor Any
4 J1, J2, J3, J4 ARK300V-3P Three-pole terminal Any
4
5
Designator Value Description Vendor Order code
R8, R10, R16,
R17
R13, R19, R43,
R51, R60
Crystal oscillator
(HC49/U 8 MHz)
15 0805 SMD Resistor Any
75 0.6 W Resistor Any
Any
R61, R62, R63,
5
R64, R68
C10, C13, C16,
6
C20, C22, C24
C15, C25, C26,
6
C27, C28, C29
D7, D8, D9,
6
D10, D11, D12
R11, R26, R33,
6
R41, R50, R59
R21, R27, R36,
6
R42, R45, R46
R35, R37, R40,
6
R44, R47, R52
C32, C33, C34,
7
C35, C36, C37,
C38
24/27 DocID024503 Rev 1
100 0805 SMD Resistor Any
10 nF/50 V 0805 SMD Capacitor Any
100 nF/50 V 0805 SMD Capacitor Any
LED 0805 green
20 mA
0R STIP line 2x +
jumper
10 k 0805 SMD Resistor Any
510 0805 SMD Resistor Any
10 nF/50 V 0805 SMD Capacitor Any
Typical LED Any
Short-circuit
connector
Any
Page 25
UM1631 STEVAL-IHT005V2 schematic
Table 9. Bill of material (continued)
Quan-
tity
7
9
18
1T1 16 A Triac
1 T2 16 A ACST ST ACST1635-8FP
1 T3 1 A Triac Standard 4Q Triac ST Z0109MA
1 TR1 P6KE400CA Transil ST P6KE400CA
Designator Value Description Vendor Order code
R20, R22, R53,
R54, R55, R56,
R67
R24, R25, R29,
R38, R39, R48,
R49, R57, R58
-3V3, -6 V,
A2_T1, A2_T3,
G_ACS1,
G_ACS2,
G_ACS3, G_T1,
G_T2, G_T3, L,
N_VDD,
OUT_ ACS1,
OUT_ACS2,
OUT_ACS3,
OUT_T2, VDD,
ZVC
4.7 k0805 SMD Resistor Any
56 0805 SMD Resistor Any
Test point Test point RS 262-2179
High temperature
Triac
STMicroelectronics T1635H-6T
1U1
1 U2 Voltage regulator ST LM337
1 U3 32-bit MCU ST STM32F100C4T6B
2 D3, D4 Fast diode ST STTH1R06
ACS1, ACS2,
3
ACS3
2
4
4 M3 screw, 6 mm long Any
0.8 A AC switch ST ACS108-8SA
20 x 20 x 30 mm
~6 K/W
Monolithic AC-DC
converter
Heatsink Any
Distance columns,
10 mm, KDI6M3X10
ST VIPer16LN
Any
DocID024503 Rev 1 25/27
Page 26
Revision history UM1631
Revision history
Date Revision Changes
01-Oct-2013 1 Initial release.
Table 10. Document revision history
26/27 DocID024503 Rev 1
Page 27
UM1631
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