S-TEC
ilot’s
O
perating Handboo
k
5th Ed. Feb 15, 08 i
S–TEC
List of Effective Pages
* Asterisk indicates pages changed, added, or deleted by
current revision.
Record of Revisions
Retain this record in front of handbook. Upon receipt of a
revision, insert changes and complete table below.
Revision Number Revision Date Insertion Date/Initials
1st Ed. Mar 14, 00
2nd Ed. Dec 13, 00
3rd Ed. Jan 14, 02
4th Ed. Sep 05, 03
5th Ed. Feb 15, 08
ii 5th Ed. Feb 15, 08
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Table of Contents
Sec. Pg.
1 Overview ...........................................................................................................1–1
1.1 Document Organization....................................................................1–3
1.2 Purpose..............................................................................................1–3
1.3 General Control Theory ....................................................................1–3
1.4 Block Diagram....................................................................................1–4
2 Pre-Flight Procedures...................................................................................2–1
2.1 Pre-Flight T est....................................................................................2–3
3 In-Flight Procedures......................................................................................3–1
3.1 Normal Operating Procedures........................................................3–3
3.1.1 Heading (HDG) Mode........................................................3–3
3.1.2 Global Positioning System Steering (GPSS) Mode.......3–3
3.2 Approach Procedures.......................................................................3–4
3.2.1 Standard Approach.............................................................3–4
3.2.2 GPS Overlay of VOR / DME-A Approach...........................3–4
3.2.3 GPS-T Approach.................................................................3–4
3.2.4 GPS Approach with Holding Pattern................................3–4
3.2.5 GPS Overlay of VOR Approach with Procedure Turn.....3–4
3.3 Emergency Procedures....................................................................3–9
4 Operating Parameters..................................................................................4–1
4.1 Ranges.................................................................................................4–3
5 Glossary...........................................................................................................5–1
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List of Figures
Fig. Pg.
1–1 HDG / GPSS Selector Switch.......................................................................1–5
1–2 ST -901 GPSS Converter Block Diagram...................................................1–5
2–1 HDG / GPSS Selector Switch (Pre-Flight)..................................................2–4
3–1 GPS Overlay of VOR / DME-A Approach......................................................3–5
3–2 GPS-T Approach.............................................................................................3–6
3–3 GPS Approach with Holding Pattern...........................................................3–7
3–4 GPS Overlay of VOR Approach with Procedure Turn................................3–8
List of Tables
Table Pg.
2–1 Pre-Flight T est...............................................................................................2–3
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SECTION 1
OVERVIEW
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1.1 Document Organization
Section 1 Overview
Section 2 Pre-Flight Procedures
Section 3 In-Flight Procedures
Section 4 Operating Parameters
Section 5 Glossary
1.2 Purpose
This Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH) provides Pre-Flight and In-Flight operating
procedures for the S-TEC ST-901 Global Positioning System Steering (GPSS)
Converter.
Note:
This POH must be carried in the A/C and made available to the pilot at
all times. It can only be used in conjunction with the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) approved Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) or Aircraft Flight
Manual Supplement (AFMS). Refer to the applicable AFM or AFMS for
A/C specific information, such as unique ground tests, limitations, and
emergency procedures.
Note:
The GPSS Converter is a tool provided to aircraft owners, that serves to
assist them with cockpit workload management. The ability of the
GPSS Converter to provide optimum assistance and performance is
directly proportional to the pilot's knowledge of its operating procedures.
Therefore, it is highly recommended that the pilot develop a thorough
understanding of the GPSS Converter and its operating procedures in Visual
Meteorological Conditions (VMC), prior to using it under Instrument Flight
Rules (IFR).
1.3 General Control Theory
The GPSS Converter can be used with the following S-TEC autopilots:
System T wenty / Thirty
System Forty / Fifty
System Fifty Five
System Sixty T wo
System Sixty Five
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It has the following modes of operation:
HDG Mode - Used to turn onto a Selected Heading and Hold it
GPSS Mode - Used to Laterally Steer along a Course defined by Waypoints,
that have been programmed into the GPS Navigator
Pressing the HDG / GPSS Selector Switch will alternately engage the HDG
mode and GPSS mode. This switch is shown in Fig. 1-1. As indicated, when the
HDG mode is engaged, the HDG lamp is illuminated and the GPSS lamp is
extinguished, but when the GPSS mode is engaged, the GPSS lamp is illuminated
and the HDG lamp is extinguished.
The GPSS Converter is internally configured to be compatible with the particular
AC or DC Heading System installed in the aircraft, be it a Directional Gyro (DG)
or Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI). The output of the Heading System will be
either an AC or DC Heading Error Signal. When the GPSS Converter's HDG
mode is engaged, the GPSS Converter processes the AC or DC Heading Error
Signal at its input, to produce a proportional DC Heading Error Signal at its
output. This signal is sent to the input of the autopilot's heading error channel.
When the autopilot's HDG mode is also engaged, the autopilot will turn the
aircraft onto the selected heading and hold it.
The GPS Navigator is programmed with a sequence of waypoints, as a means
to define a course. This course is realized at the output of the GPS Navigator in
the form of two digital signals, the Bank Angle Signal and Ground Speed Signal.
When the GPSS Converter's GPSS mode is engaged, the GPSS Converter
processes the Bank Angle Signal and Ground Speed Signal at its input, to
produce a DC Turn Rate Signal at its output. This signal is sent to the input of
the autopilot's heading error channel. When the autopilot's HDG mode is also
engaged, the autopilot will laterally steer the aircraft along the course defined
by the waypoints.
1.4 Block Diagram
The GPSS Converter Block Diagram is shown in Fig. 1-2.
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Fig. 1-2. ST -901 GPSS Converter Block Diagram
Fig. 1-1. HDG / GPSS Selector Switch
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SECTION 2
PRE-FLIGHT PROCEDURES
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ACTION RESPONSE
1. Set Battery Master Switch to ON
position.
------
2. Set Avionics Master Switch to ON
position.
------
3. Set Autopilot Master Switch to ON
position.
HDG lamp is illuminated and GPSS
lam p is ext i n guis hed o n H DG / GP SS
Selector Switch, as an indication that
GPSS Converter’s HDG mode is
engaged. This is shown in Fig. 2-1a.
4. Set Heading Bug under Lubber
Line.
------
5. Engage autopilot’s HDG mode. ------
6. Turn Heading Bug to the left side
of Lubber Lin e.
A/C Control Wheel turns to the left.
7. Turn Heading Bug to the right
side of Lubber Line.
A/C Control Wheel turns to the right.
8. Set Heading Bug under Lubber
Line.
A/ C Control Wh eel stop s .
9. Program GPS Navigator with a
valid waypoint.
------
2.1 Pre-Flight T est
Prior to takeoff and with engine running, perform the actions shown in Table 2-1.
For each action, verify the corresponding response where applicable.
T able 2-1. Pre-Flight T est (continued on p age 2-4)
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ACTION RESPONSE
10. Press HDG / GPSS Selector
Switch.
GPSS lamp is illuminated and HDG
lam p is ext i n gui s h ed on HDG / GP S S
Selector Switch, as an indication that
GPSS Converter’s GPSS mode is
engaged. This is shown i n Fig. 2-1b.
11. Tur n Heading Bug to the left side
and right side of Lubber Line.
A/C Control Wheel does not respond.
Note: The GPSS mode cannot be tested since there is no groundspeed.
12. Disconnect autopilot. ------
T able 2-1. Pre-Flight Test (continued from page 2-3)
Fig. 2-1. HDG / GPSS Selector Switch
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SECTION 3
IN-FLIGHT PROCEDURES
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3.1 Normal Operating Procedures
3.1.1 Heading (HDG) Mode
Set the Heading Bug to the desired heading on the compass card (HSI or DG).
Engage the GPSS Converter's HDG mode.
Engage the autopilot's HDG mode.
The autopilot will turn the aircraft onto the selected heading and hold it. The turn
rate will be limited to 90% of a standard rate turn, although for some higher
performance (turboprop) aircraft this is 75%.
A new heading can be subsequently selected by setting the Heading Bug to it.
3.1.2 Global Positioning System Steering (GPSS) Mode
Set the Heading Bug under the Lubber Line.
Engage the GPSS Converter's HDG mode.
Engage the autopilot's HDG mode.
Program the GPS Navigator with a sequence of waypoints, as a means to define
the desired course.
Engage the GPSS Converter's GPSS mode.
The autopilot will begin to laterally steer the aircraft along the course (i.e., track
the course).
The turn rate will be limited to 90% of a standard rate turn, although for some
higher performance (turboprop) aircraft this is 75%.
If it should happen that the GPS Navigator has not been programmed with a
sequence of waypoints upon attempted engagement of the GPSS mode, then
the autopilot will hold the aircraft at wings level, and the GPSS lamp will flash on
the HDG / GPSS Selector Switch to acknowledge this condition.
Engaging any autopilot roll mode other than HDG (i.e., NAV, APR, REV, STB,
LO TRK, HI TRK) will decouple the autopilot from the GPSS mode.
With the GPSS mode engaged, the autopilot will not respond to the Heading
Bug or Course Pointer.
Note:
It is not possible to simultaneously engage the HDG mode and arm the
GPSS mode. Consequently, there does not exist the capability to execute
a dual mode, pilot selectable intercept angle of the course.
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3.2 Approach Procedures
3.2.1 Standard Approach
Set the Heading Bug under the Lubber Line.
Engage the GPSS Converter's HDG mode.
Engage the autopilot's HDG mode.
Program the GPS Navigator with the desired approach.
Engage the GPSS Converter's GPSS mode.
The autopilot will begin tracking to the Initial Approach Fix (IAF).
To execute any required procedure turn or holding pattern, proceed as follows:
1. Engage the GPSS Converter's HDG mode.
2. Lead the aircraft around the procedure turn or holding pattern using the
Heading Bug.
3. Once established on the inbound course, engage the GPSS Converter's
GPSS mode.
4. Complete the approach.
3.2.2 GPS Overlay of VOR / DME-A Approach
Refer to Fig. 3-1.
3.2.3 GPS-T Approach
Refer to Fig. 3-2.
3.2.4 GPS Approach with Holding Pattern
Refer to Fig. 3-3.
3.2.5 GPS Overlay of VOR Approach with Procedure T urn
Refer to Fig. 3-4.
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Fig. 3-1. GPS Overlay of VOR / DME-A Approach
1. a. Set the Heading Bug under the Lubber Line.
b. Engage the GPSS Converter's HDG mode.
c. Engage the autopilot's HDG mode.
d. Program the GPS Navigator with the desired approach.
e. Engage the GPSS Converter's GPSS mode.
f. The autopilot begins tracking to the Initial Approach Fix (IAF).
2. a. The autopilot intercepts the IAF, and then tracks around the arc.
3. a. The autopilot becomes established on the inbound course.
b. At the Missed Approach Point (MAP), disconnect the autopilot for a landing
or go-around, as required.
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Fig. 3-2. GPS-T Approach
1. a. Set the Heading Bug under the Lubber Line.
b. Engage the GPSS Converter's HDG mode.
c. Engage the autopilot's HDG mode.
d. Program the GPS Navigator with the desired approach.
e. Engage the GPSS Converter's GPSS mode.
f. The autopilot begins tracking to the Initial Approach Fix (IAF).
2. a. The autopilot intercepts the IAF, then makes a 90° turn, and begins
tracking to the Final Approach Fix (FAF).
3. a. The autopilot becomes established on the inbound course.
b. At the Missed Approach Point (MAP), disconnect the autopilot for a landing
or go-around, as required.
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Fig. 3-3. GPS Approach with Holding Pattern
1. a. Set the Heading Bug under the Lubber Line.
b. Engage the GPSS Converter's HDG mode.
c. Engage the autopilot's HDG mode.
d. Program the GPS Navigator with the desired approach.
e. Engage the GPSS Converter's GPSS mode.
f. The autopilot begins tracking to the Initial Approach Fix (IAF).
Note:
Perform steps 2-3 only for those GPS Navigators that do not have
the capability to execute a holding pattern.
2. a. Engage the GPSS Converter's HDG mode.
b. Lead the aircraft around the outbound leg of the holding pattern in 90°
increments, using the Heading Bug.
3. a. Engage the GPSS Converter's GPSS mode.
b. The autopilot begins tracking to the Final Approach Fix (FAF).
4. a. The autopilot becomes established on the inbound course.
b. At the Missed Approach Point (MAP), disconnect the autopilot for a landing
or go-around, as required.
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Fig. 3-4. GPS Overlay of VOR Approach with Procedure T urn
1. a. Set the Heading Bug under the Lubber Line.
b. Engage the GPSS Converter's HDG mode.
c. Engage the autopilot's HDG mode.
d. Program the GPS Navigator with the desired approach.
e. Engage the GPSS Converter's GPSS mode.
f. The autopilot begins tracking to the Initial Approach Fix (IAF).
Note:
Perform steps 2-3 only for those GPS Navigators that do not have
the capability to execute a procedure turn.
2. a. Engage the GPSS Converter's HDG mode.
b. Lead the aircraft around the procedure turn in 9 0 ° increments, using the
Heading Bug.
3. a. Engage the GPSS Converter's GPSS mode.
b. The autopilot begins tracking to the Final Approach Fix (FAF).
4. a. The autopilot becomes established on the inbound course.
b. At the Missed Approach Point (MAP), disconnect the autopilot for a landing
or go-around, as required.
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3.3 Emergency Procedures
In the event of a GPSS Converter malfunction, proceed as follows:
1. Disconnect the autopilot.
2. Regain control of the aircraft.
3. Do Not attempt to use the GPSS Converter's HDG mode or GPSS mode.
4. Do Not attempt to use the autopilot's HDG mode.
Note:
It may be possible to use other autopilot roll modes (i.e., NA V , APR, REV , STB,
LO TRK, HI TRK).
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SECTION 4
OPERATING PARAMETERS
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4.1 Roll Axis Limits
Turn Rate
Piston A/C:
90% Standard Rate Turn
Turboprop A/C:
75% Standard Rate Turn
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SECTION 5
GLOSSAR Y
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Term Meaning
AC Alternating Current
A/C Aircraft
AFM Aircraft Flight Manual
AFMS Aircraft Flight Manual Supplement
APR Approach
DC Direct Current
DG Directional Gyro
DME Distance Measuring Equipment
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FAF Final Approach Fix
GPS Global Positioning System
GPSS Global Positioning System Steering
HDG Heading
HI TRK High Track
HSI Horizontal Situation Indicator
I AF Initial Approach Fix
IFR Instrument Flight Rules
LO TRK Low Track
MAP Missed Approach Point
NAV Navigation
POH Pilot's Operating Handbook
REV Reverse
STB Stabilizer
VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions
VOR Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Radio Range
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One S–TEC Way
Municipal Airport
Mineral Wells, TX 76067–9236
Tel: 800–872–7832
Fax: 940–325–3904
www.s-tec.com
S–TEC PN 8799
Information contained in this document is subject to change
without notice. © 2008 S-TEC. All rights reserved. Printed in
the United States of America. S-TEC and the S-TEC logo
are registered trademarks of S-TEC.
Notice:
Contact S-TEC Customer Support at 800-872-7832 for a
Return Material Authorization (RMA) number prior to the return of
any component for any reason.
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