Star Micronics lC-10 User Manual

Download

LC-IO

COLOUR PRINTER

USERS MANUAL

NOT INTENDED FOR SALE

PN 8082025 I

Federal Communications Commission

Radio Frequency Interference Statement

This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly, that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, may cause interference. to radio and television reception. It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by otle or more of the following measures:

l Reorient the receiving antenna l Relocate the computer or printer with respect to the receiver l Move the computer or printer away from the receiver l Plug the computer or printer into a different outlet so that it and the receiver are on

different branch circuits. If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an experienced redio/television technician for additional suggestions. The user may find the following booklet, prepared by the Federal Communications-Commission helpful: “How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems.” This booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC., 20402, Stock No. 004-000-00345-4.

For compliance with the Federal Noise Interference Standard, this equipment requires a shielded cable.

The above statement applies only to printers marketed in the U.S.A.

Self Declaration

Radio interference regarding this equipment has been eliminated according to Vfg 1046/1984 announced by the DBP. DBP has been informed of the introduction of this special equipment and has been granted the right to examine the whole series. It is the user’s responsibility to see that his own assembled system is in accordance with the technical regulations under Vfg 1046/1984. To conform to FTZ-regulations it is necessary to make all connections to the printer with shielded cable. The equipment may only be opened by qualified service representatives.

The above statement applies only to printers marketed in West Germany.

Trademark Acknowledgements

LC-10, NL.40, NP-10, NX-10/15, ND-lo/H, M-10/15: Star Micronics Co., Ltd. IBM PC, IBM Proprinter II, PC-DOS: International Business Machines Corp.

Microsoft BASIC, MSDOS: Microsoft Corporation LX-800, FX-%e, EX400, LX&l/W Seiko Epson Corp.

NOTICE

without STAR’s express permission is forbidden.

l The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice. l All efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the contents of this manual at the

time of press. However, should any errors be detected, STAR would greatly appreciate being informed of them.

l The above notwithstanding, STAR can assume no responsibility for any errors in this

manual.

HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL

This manual is organized into five chapters and four appendixes. To learn how to make the best use of your printer you are urged to read all of chapters 1 through 5. The appendixes can be referred to as necessary.

Chapter 1 explains how to get the printer unpacked and set up. Read this chapter before you do anything else.

Chapter 2 explains the control panel. After getting set up, read this chapter and try out the procedures in it to find out how the printer works.

Chapter 3 gives tips on using word-processing programs and other commercial software with this printer. Read this chapter in conjunction with your software manual.

Chapter 4 is addressed to do-it-yourself programmers. It shows simple programming examples using DOS commands and BASIC.

Chapter 5 covers maintenance and troubleshooting. Look through this chapter to see what it contains, then refer to it as necessary later.

Appendix A lists the printer’s technical specifications. Appendix B details the functions of escape sequences and other printer

commands. Appendix C presents a BASIC program you can use to define and download

new characters.

Appendix D presents tables of the printer’s character sets.

FEATURES OF THE PRINTER

This printer is a compact, colour, dot-matrix printer that supports the IBM/Epson commands and character sets. An excellent partner for your personal computer, it prints text and graphics in black-and-white or six bright colours. A print sample generated by a BASIC program is included inside the back cover. With more advanced software, you can produce even more striking colour graphics. Besides colour printing, some of the features of this printer are:

l Extensive software support

Since it is compatible with the Epson and IBM printers, it works with any software that supports those printers. That includes most word-processing and graphics programs, spreadsheets, and integrated software packages.

l Embeddable commands

Commands for NLQ type styles, colour printing, bold, italic, and extra-large characters can be embedded in documents without the escape code, so you can use these features easily even if your word-processing software does not support them.

l Easy operation

Clearly understandable lamp displays and beep tones provide immediate feedback when you press the switches on the control panel. The four switches can operate in combinations to perform a surprising variety of functions, including margen setting and micro-alignment.

l Easy care and maintenance

The colour ribbon cartridge can be replaced in seconds; the print head in a few minutes.

l Versatile paper handling

Single sheets, fanfold forms, and multi-copy forms (up to triple-ply) are ail accepted, and you can use either tractor or friction feed. A speical feature enables you to keep fanfold forms parked in readiness while printing on other paper.

l Fast draht-quality printing

At 120 characters per second, the printer can print a page faster than you can read it. Characters are naturally shaped, with true descenders.

l High-resolution near-letter-quality printing

When you select an NLQ type style, the printer slows down and employs

a dense matrix of up to 18 by 23 dots to print clear, well-formed characters.

l Large variety of type styles and sizes

The printer has one draht style and four NLQ styles (Courier, Sanserif,

and Orator with small capitals or lower case), plus italics for all styles, plus condensed print, bold print, double-sized print, quadruple-sized print-see the print sample inside the back cover.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

SETTING UP THE PRINTER

Locating the printer Unpacking and inspection

Check the carton contents

Setting up

Mount the platen knob

Remove the top cover Install the ribbon cartridge Replace the top cover Connect the printer to the computer Connect the printer’s power cord

Loading single sheets

Mount the paper guide

Semiautomatic loading

Manual loading

Loading and parking fanfold forms

Paper parking Paper unparking

Test printing

Short self test Long selft test

Interface test Adjusting the printing gap DIP switch settings

CONTROL PANEL OPERATIONS

Switches and indicators

Power indicator On Line switch Paper Feed switch Print Pitch switch NLQ Type Style switch

Power-up functions

Short test pattern Long test pattern Stay in panel pitch Stay in panel style Hexadecimal dump

Switch combination functions

Paper parking Page feed

1 1 1

14 14

19 19

Top of form Forward micro-feed

Reverse micro-feed

Left margin

Right margin

Clearing the buffer

Chapter 3

USING THE PRINTER WITH COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE

Installing your software

Printer menu Printer command options Type styles Page width

Initialization sequence Setting the DIP switches Using your software

Page alignment

Type style and pitch selection

Embedding printer commands

Chapter 4

USING THE PRINTER WITH DOS AND BASIC

Hard-copying the screen (MS DOS and PC-DOS) Programming the printer with DOS commands Programming the printer with BASIC

Chapter 5

MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING A7

Cleaning the printer Replacing the ribbon Replacing the print head Troubleshooting

Appendix A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Appendix B PRINTER CONTROL COMMANDS

Font control commands Colour printing commands Character set commands Character size and pitch commands Vertical position commands Horizontal position commands Graphics commands Download character commands Macro instruction commands Other printer control commands

31 31

33 33

37 37

38 40

47 47 48

50 53 59

59 64 64 66 71 76 80 82 85 85

Appendix C DOWNLOAD CHARACTER GENERATOR 89

Draft character NLQ character

Appendix D CHARACTER SETS

Standard character set IBM character set #2 IBM character set #l Additional character set International character sets

INDEX REFERENCE CARD

Inside the cover

98 100 102 103 104

105

SETTING UP THE PRINTER

Subjects covered in Chapter 1 include -

l Locating the printer l Unpacking and inspection (names of parts)

0 Setting up

l Loading single sheets l Loading and parking fanfold forms l Test printing l Adjusting the printing gap l Setting the DIP switches

LOCATING THE PRINTER

Give some thought to the best place to put the printer. Both the printer and computer should be used in a normal indoor environment. For best performance, we recommend:

l Place the printer on a flat surface. l Keep it out of direct sunlight and away from heat-producing appliances. l Use it only in temperatures where you are comfortable. l Avoid locations with dust, grease, or high humidity. l Supply it “clean” electricity. Don’t connect it to the same circuit as a large,

noise-producing appliance such as a refrigerator.

l Make sure the line voltage is within 10% of the voltage specified on the

identification plate.

l If you will be using fanfold forms, place the printer where the forms can

feed up to it from below, with at least a full page hanging free.

UNPACKING AND INSPECTION Check the carton contents

Open the carton and check each item in the box against Figure l-1 to

make sure that you have everything (there should be five items).

Figure 1-f. Check to make sure you have all five items: 1) Printer, 2) Paper guide, 3) Platen knob, 4) Ribbon cartridge, and 5) User’s manual.

Make an external inspection of the printer. Note the locations of the

following parts:

Bail lever:

opens and closes the paper bail which holds the paper against the platen.

Bail lever

Poa

Release lever: releases the platen. This lever must be down for

printing on single sheets, and up for fanfold forms.

Top cover: Rear cover:

protects the print head and other parts. protects the sprocket feed mechanism.

Entry slot: for inserting single sheets of paper. Control panel: controls various printer functions. Power switch: switches power on and off. Connector:

for connecting the computer to the printer.

SETTING UP

Mount the platen knob

The platen knob is packed into a recess of the white foam packing material which held your printer inside the packing box. Be careful to remove the knob before disposing of the packing.

Mount the platen knob on its shaft on the right side of the printer. Turn it until you can push it in all the way.

Power should always be off when you turn the platen knob. Turning the platen by hand while power is on can damage the printer’s gears.

Remove the top cower

Lift the front edge of the printer’s clear plastic top cover. Then disengage

the tabs at the back of the cover and remove the cover completely.

igure 1-4. Removing the top cover

hstall the ribbon cartridge

The top side of the ribbon cartridge has a handle for turning the ribbon.

Turn this handle in the direction of the arrow to tighten the ribbon.

Next place the ribbon cartridge on the print head assembly, guiding the ribbon between the print head and the metal platen guard. Press down lightly on the cartridge until it locks into place.

Caution: Don’t touch the brass gear on the carriage.

Figure l-5. Installing the ribbon cartridge

Replace the top cover

Hold the cover upright and engage the tabs at the back. Then swing the front edge down until the cover is closed.

Leave the cover closed during normal operation. It keeps out dust and dirt and reduces the printer’s operating sounds. Open the cover only to change the ribbon or make an adjustment.

Connect the printer to the computer

Connect the printer end of the interface cable to the connector socket on the right side of the printer as shown in Figure 1-6.

Make sure the computer is turned OFF, then connect the other end of the cable to your computer as described in the computer manual.

Figure l-6. r;onnectmg tne mtertace caue

Connect the printer’s power cord.

Check that the printer’s power switch (located at the left front) is OFF.

Then plug the printer’s power cord into an AC wall outlet.

Never plug or unplug the power cord while the printer is turned on.

LOADING SINGLE SHEETS

This section will take you through the procedures for loading single

sheets of paper.

If you are using the optional automatic sheet feeder (ASF), read the

ASF instruction booklet.

Mount the paper guide

The paper guide fits into the two holes on top of the rear cover. Mount

the guide and raise it to the upright position.

igure i-7. Mounting the paper guide for single sheets

Semiautomatic loading

Single sheets can be manually with off, or

matically with on. We start the way with loading.

1. that the lever is and the lever back closed),

then power on. will hear short beep and the

indicator on control panel flash. These are the printer’s paper-out

signals.

Place a sheet on paper guide insert it into the

slot. You feel a resistance as paper engages paper

detector Work the past this and insert down

as as it go.

3. the bail forward. When bail opens, printer feeds paper automatically.

Move the lever back. paper will slightly forward ending in to print a top of about inch.

lever

Manual loading

It is also possible to load paper manually while the printer’s power is

off. The procedure is:

1. Check that printer power is off and the release lever at the back of the printer is down.

2. Insert a single sheet of paper into the entry slot as far as it will go, the same way as for semiautomatic loading.

3. Move the bail lever on top of the printer forward to open the paper bail.

4. Turn the platen knob clockwise until the front edge of the paper comes out from under the top cover.

5. If the paper is not straight, move the release lever to the up position, straighten the paper by hand, then move the release lever back down.

6. Move the bail lever back to close the paper bail.

LOADING AND PARKING FANFOLD FORMS

Fanfold forms have holes along the sides and perforations between the

sheets. They are also called sprocket forms, punched forms, or just plain

“computer paper”. This printer accepts forms up to 10” wide. Fanfold forms

are loaded, parked, and unparked as explained next.

1. Place a stack of fanfold paper behind and at least one page-length below the printer.

2. Turn the printer’s power OFF.

3. Set the release lever to the up position. If there is paper in the printer, remove it. (Since the platen is released, you can just pull the paper out.)

4. Move the bail lever forward to open the bail.

5. Remove the paper guide and put it aside for the moment.

6. Remove the rear cover. Grip it by its front edge and lift upwards and backwards as in Figure l-9.

Figure 7-9. Opening the rear cover

7. Open the sprocket covers on the right and left sprocket units, as shown in Figure l-10.

8. Flip the clamp levers down. This allows the two sprocket units to move freely right and left so you can align them with the holes in the paper.

9. Insert the front edge of the paper over the paper detector lever and tuck it in under the platen.

Figure l-10. Opening the sprocket covers to expose the sprocket teeth

lever

igure l-71. Closing the sprocket covers

10. Fit the holes in the paper over the sprocket pins. Check that the paper is even.

11. Close the sprocket covers (Figure l-l 1).

12. Raise one of the clamp levers to lock one sprocket unit in place.

13. Turn the platen knob to feed the paper forward until it comes out from under the top cover.

14. Move the bail lever back to close the bail.

15. Check that the paper is feeding in flat, then raise the other clamp lever to lock the other sprocket unit.

16. Replace the rear cover. Hold it tilted upward and insert the two tabs at the bottom into their slots. Then rotate the cover forward, pressing down on the thumb pads on the left and right to snap it into place.

17. Mount the paper guide in the horizontal position shown in Figure 1-12, so that it will separate the printed from the unprinted paper.

‘gure 1-12. Mounting the paper guide for fanfold forms

Now you are ready to switch power on and print.

Paper parking

After loading fanfold paper, you do not have to unload it when you

want to print on a single sheet. The printer will “park” it for you if you follow the procedure below.

1. Paper parking starts with power ON, fanfold paper loaded in printing position, the release lever up, and the bail lever back.

2. Press the On Line switch on the control panel to set the printer off-line (On Line indicator off).

3. Tear off the printed form at the last perforation, leaving not more than about half a page showing above the top cover. If necessary, press the Paper Feed switch to feed paper forward until a perforation is located

just above the top cover, and tear there.

4. Press the Print Pitch switch on the control panel and hold it down.

5. Still holding the Print Pitch switch down, press the Paper Feed switch.

The printer will automatically feed the fanfold form backward until the paper is completely free of the platen.

6. Move the release lever to the down position.

7. Mount the paper guide in the upright position. Now you can load single sheets either semiautomatically or manually,

as explained previously. The fanfold paper remains parked at the back of the printer.

When you want to resume using fanfold paper, the procedure is as

follows.

Paper unparking

1. Remove all single sheets from the printer and close the paper bail.

2. Mount the paper guide in the horizontal position.

3. Move the release lever to the up position.

4. With power ON, move the bail lever forward. The printer will auto-

matically feed the parked fanfold paper into position for printing.

5. Move the bail lever back to close the bail. Now you are ready to print.

TEST PRINTING

After loading paper, you can test the printer as described next.

Short self test

This procedure prints a seven-line “barber-pole” test pattern, each line in a different colour. The lines are eight inches wide, so the paper should be at least that wide.

1. Check that paper is in position for printing.

2. With power off, press the On Line switch on the control panel and hold

it down.

3. Still holding the On Line switch down, turn the printer’s power on.

The printer will automatically start printing its short test pattern. You can release the On Line switch after printing starts. To remove the paper at the end of the test, switch power OFF, then turn the platen knob. (Don’t turn the platen knob while power is on.)

Figure 7-13. Short test pattern

Long se/f test

To see the printer’s variety of type styles, you can run the long version

of the printer’s self test.

1. Check that paper is in position for printing.

2. With power off, press the Paper Feed switch on the control panel and hold it down.

3. Still holding the Paper Feed switch down, turn the printer’s power ON. The printer will automatically start printing a test pattern of its full

character set in various type styles. Watch the lights on the control panel; they indicate which type style is printing. The test pattern varies depending on the setting of DIP switch l-6 (ON - Standard mode, OFF - IBM mode), but more about that later.

This test repeats indefinitely in a cycle of 30 or 70 lines. To stop the

test, switch power off.

interface test

After confirming that the printer works by itself, it is time to test the interface with the computer. The simplest way to do this is with a direct command. Power up both the printer and computer, load paper, then try a command like one of the following:

MS-DOS or PC-DOS command:

A>ECHO THE INTERFACE WORKS >PRN

Microsoft BASIC command:

LPRINT “THE INTERFACE WORKS“

Or you can try any other command understood by your computer to print a line of text. Consult your computer manual if you need help. If you

repeat the command a few times, the printout will come into view.

Next you may want to try a test printout with word-processing software,

but for this to succeed you will have to set the printer’s DIP switches (see the end of this chapter) and install your software to support the printer correctly (see Chapter 3).

ADJUSTING THE PRINTING GAP

The distance between the print head and the platen can be adjusted to accommodate different paper thicknesses. To make this adjustment, remove the top cover. The adjustment lever is located near the left end of the paper bail. Pulling the adjustment lever towards you widens the gap; pushing it away from you narrows the gap.

There are four positions; you can feel the lever clicking into each position.

The first position (narrowest gap) is the one most commonly used for single

sheets of paper. Try different positions until you get the best printing results.

Adjustment lever

Figure 7-74. Adjusting for different thicknesses of paper

DIP SWITCH SETTINGS

When you remove the printer’s cover and look inside, you will see on the green board at the bottom of the printer two groups of small switches marked DSWl and DSW2. These are the printer’s DIP (Dual In-line Package) switches. DSWl has eight switches, named l-l to 1-8 from left

to right. DSW2 has four switches named 2-l to 2-4.

For all switches, the ON position is towards the back of the printer and

the OFF position is towards the front. To set a DIP switch, use a ballpoint

pen or other small implement to move the switch to the ON or OFF position.

The printer’s power should be off when you set the DIP switches. Settings made while power is on do not take effect until power is switched off, then

on again, because the printer reads the DIP switches only at power-up.

Figure l-15. DIP switches

2-3

International character set (See below)

The printer is delivered with all DIP switch set to the ON position. These

are the standard settings. By changing the settings, you can alter various

2-4

printer functions to match your requirements. The following questions will

i..

6 i

help you make the right settings.

Switch l-l: Is the page length of your paper 11 inches or 12 inches? Leave this switch ON if you will be using 11-inch forms. Move it to the

OFF position if you will be using 12-inch forms.

Switch 1-2:

Leave this switch ON. The printer will automatically perform a carriage return by moving to the left margin at each line feed. Even if your software sends a separate carriage-return code, an extra carriage return does no harm because two consecutive carriage returns are the same as one. Very few programs require this switch to be OFF.

Switch 1-3: When you select the Orator type style on the control panel,

Take your pick from the samples below. Note that lower-case Orator does not have descenders for the letters g, j, p, q. and y.

ORATOR PRINTS THIS WAY WITH SWITCH l-3 ON.

Do you want an automatic carriage return?

do you want lower-case letters to print as lower case (OFF) or as small capitals (ON)?

Orator Prints this way with switch t-3 OFF.

Switch 1-4: Are you going to use the automatic sheet feeder (ASF)? To use the automatic sheet feeder, move this switch to the OFF position.

Otherwise leave it ON.

Switch 1-5: Do you want the printer to stop printing about an inch from

the end of the paper, or to keep printing to the bottom?

Leave this switch ON except when you need to print very close to the end of the paper. When this switch is OFF the printer ignores the paper-out

detector and prints down to (and beyond) the bottom edge.

Switch 1-6:

Select the mode compatible with your computer and software. In standard

mode the printer operates like the Epson LX-800. In IBM mode it operates

like the IBM Proprinter II. The ON position selects standard mode. The OFF position selects IBM mode.

Switch l-7: The action of this switch depends on the mode chosen with

Do you want to use the printer in standard mode or IBM mode?

switch l-6.

If you selected standard mode, do you want italics or graphic charactes?

Leave this switch ON to print italics in the standard character set. If you set this switch to the OFF position, in place of italics you will get the graphic

characters, international characters, and mathematical symbols of IBM

character set #2. See Appendix D, character codes 128 to 254.

If you selected IBM mode, do you want IBM character set #l or #2?

ON selects character set #2, which is for computers with an g-bit interface (the most common kind). OFF selects character set #l, for computers with a 7-bit interface.

Switch 1-8:

Do you want an automatic line feed?

If you leave this switch at the ON position, a separate line-feed code is required to obtain a line feed. If you move this switch to the OFF position, the printer performs both a carriage return and line feed each time it receives a carriage-return code.

Most computer systems send a line feed code, or both a carriage return and line feed, at the end of each line, so this switch should be left ON.

If you get double line spacing when you expect single spacing, or if lines overprint each other, try changing the setting of this switch.

Switch 2-1: Does your software download new characters to the printer? To download characters this switch must be OFF. The printer then uses

its RAM memory for storing character patterns and provides only a one-line print buffer. If you leave this switch ON the printer uses its RAM memory as an input buffer, allowing the computer to send data faster than the printer prints.

Switches 2-2 to 2-4:

Do you want an international character set?

International character sets differ in their assignment of 14 character codes. See the character tables at the back of this manual. With the DIP switches you can select one of eight character sets as follows:

* Denmark/Norway when switch 1-6 is OFF and switch l-7 is ON.

MEMO

Chapter 2

CONTROL PANEL OPERAT/O/VS

This chapter explains how to use the control panel to:

0 Pause printing

l Feed paper (fast and slow, forward and reverse)

l Select the print pitch

0 Select a type style 0 Print test patterns

l Prevent software from changing the panel pitch and style selections l Print a hexadecimal dump l Park fanfold forms l Set the top-of-form position l Set the left and right margins l Clear the printer’s buffer

SWITCHES AND INDICATORS

The control panel has four switches marked:

0 On Line

l Paper Feed l Print Pitch l NLQ Type Style

The On Line, Print Pitch, and NLQ Type Style switches respond with

a beep tone when pressed, and indicators beside them indicate their current

status. There is also a Power indicator that lights when power is on.

Figure 2-f. Control panel

q -POWER

ON LINE

The control panel switches can be pressed singly to perform the operations indicated by their names. Other functions can be obtained by holding these switches down when you turn the printer’s power on. Still further functions can be executed by pressing the control panel switches in combination. This chapter explains all the switch and indicator functions.

Power indicator

The power indicator lights (yellow) when power is on. When paper is not present, the power indicator flashes. A beep tone

also alerts you to the need to load paper.

On Line switch

The On Line switch sets the printer on-line and off-line. The state changes

each time you press the switch.

In the on-line state the printer receives data from the computer and prints the data. In the off-line state the printer stops printing and sends the computer a signal indicating that it cannot accept data.

The printer powers up in the on-line state if paper is present. If paper is not present, the printer powers up off-line with the Power indicator flashing. When you load paper the Power indicator stops flashing, but the printer remains off-line. To start printing you must press the On Line switch go on-line.

The three main times when you will want to press the On Line switch are:

l Before and after any other panel operation

The other panel switches operate only in the off-line state. First press the On Line switch to go off-line, then perform the panel operation, then press the On Line switch again to go back on-line.

l To pause during printing

If you press the On Line switch during printing, the printer stops printing and goes off-line, allowing you to check the printout or change a control panel setting. Printing resumes when you press the On Line switch again to go back on-line.

l To cut fanfold forms at the end of printing

When using fanfold forms, if you hold the On Line switch down for 2 seconds, in addition to going off-line the printer feeds the paper about two inches forward, allowing you to cut it off just below the last line printed.

When you press the On Line switch again to go back on-line, the paper feeds

backward about one inch, stopping in the right place to resume printing.

Paper Feed switch

This switch operates only when the printer is off-line. If you press it once the paper feeds forward by one line. If you hold this switch down, the printer performs consecutive line feeds.

While you are feeding lines, if you also press the On Line switch, the

paper will feed to the top of the next page. This is explained later.

When power is on, always use the Paper Feed switch instead of the platen

knob to feed paper. Turn the platen knob only when power is off.

Print Pitch switch

This switch operates off-line to select the print pitch: the spacing between

characters. The indicators to the left light (green) to indicate the selected

pitch.

The printer powers up in pica pitch. To change to another pitch, press the On Line switch to go off-line, then press the Print Pitch switch repeatedly until the indicators show the pitch you want.

In Standard mode (when DIP switch l-6 is ON), the pitch selections

cycle as follows:

Pica Elite Condensed pica (17 characters per inch) Condensed elite (20 characters per inch) Proportional pica Proportional elite

(10 characters per inch) (12 characters per inch)

This is pica (10 characters per inch).

This is elite (12 characters per inch). This is condensed pica (17 characters per inch). T?k is condensed elite (20 characters per inch). This is proportional pica. This is proportional elite.

@We Z-2. Prlflt pitches SeleCtStHe trom the COW01 panel

Samples of these pitches are shown in Figure 2-2. Note that with proportional pitch different letters occupy different widths. (For example, “i” and “1” are narrower than other letters.) Proportional pitch is attractive and space-efficient, though not always convenient when column alignment is required.

Note that you cannot select condensed proportional pitch on the control panel. You can make this selection by the printer commands < SI >

< ESC >

“p” 1 - see Appendix B.

In IBM mode (when DIP switch l-6 is OFF), the pitch selections cycle as follows:

Pica (10 characters per inch)

Elite (12 characters per inch) Condensed pica

(17 characters per inch) Proportional pica Proportional elite

There is no condensed elite pitch in the IBM mode.

NLQ Type Style switch

This switch selects the type style. Draft style is always selected at

power-up. To change to one of the NLQ (near letter quality) styles, set the printer off-line, then press the NLQ Type Style switch repeatedly until the indicators beside the desired selection light. The selections cycle in the following order:

Draft (all indicators off) Courier (NLQ) Courier italic (NLQ) Sanserif (NLQ) Sanserif italic (NLQ) Orator (NLQ) Orator italic (NLQ)

Samples are shown in Figure 2-3.

The Orator style is unique in two ways. First, it is a dot larger (higher) than the other styles. This makes it a good choice for labels and other text requiring high visibility. A little extra line spacing helps when Orator is used.

Second, there are two versions of the Orator type style: one prints small capitals in place of lower-case letters; the other prints lower-case letters, but without descenders. The version you get when you select Orator from the control panel depends on the DIP switches. If DIP switch 1-3 is OFF, lower-case Orator will print as lower case. Otherwise it will print as small capitals.

-/- l”i _i_ .y ::)

j..

<,j /_. 2, .+: +

i::i t.l t:\ 1. :i, t \ ’

“’ I

I 8,

This is near-letter-quality Courier.

This is Courier italic.

This is Sanserif.

This is Sanserif italic.

TtiIs IS ORATOR WITH SMALL CAPITALS.

THIS IS ORATOR ITALIC WITH SMALL CAPITALS.

This is Orator with lower case.

This is Orator italic with lower case.

Figure 2-3. Type styles selectable from the control panel

The other type styles do not have a small-capitals option. Lower case

always prints as lower case.

The type style can also be selected by printer commands given in Appendix B. Printer commands enable you to select both Orator styles, and also draft italic, which cannot be selected from the control panel.

POWER-UP FUNCTIONS

In addition to their normal functions, all the control panel switches have special functions that operate if you hold them down while switching power on.

Prgure z-4. rower-up functions or control

Hexadecimal dump

panel

Short test pattern: On Line switch

If held down during power-up, this switch prints a short test pattern

(shown in Chapter 1).

Long test pattern: Paper Feed switch

If held down during power-up, this switch prints a long test pattern.

The test cycles endlessly. To stop the test you must switch power off.

Stay in pane/ pitch: Print Pitch switch

By holding this switch down during power-up, you can prevent software interference with the print pitch selected from the control panel. You will hear an acknowledging beep as power comes on. After the beep tone, you can set the printer off-line, select a print pitch, then return to on-line and

start printing. The pitch you selected will not be reset or otherwise changed by any commands your software may issue.

Stay in pane/ Sty/e: NLQ Type Style switch

If held down during power-up, this switch prevents software interference with the type style selected from the control panel. There will be an acknowledging beep, after which you can set the printer off-line, select a type style, then return to the on-line state and start printing. The selected type style will not be changed by any commands sent by software.

If you want to protect both the Print Pitch and NLQ Type Style settings

from software changes, press both switches during power-up. There will

be two acknowledging beeps.

Pressing these switches during power-up does not prevent you from

making any number of changes later from the control panel.

Hexadecima/ dump: Paper Feed and Print Pitch switches

This feature is useful for programmers who are debugging printing

programs and want to see the actual codes the printer is receiving. (Some

computers change the codes the programmer intended.)

1. Holding both the Paper Feed and Print Pitch switches down, turn power ON. A beep tone will be heard.

2. Start printing. In place of the usual printout you will get a formatted dump showing exactly what data the printer receives. Each line presents sixteen characters, their hexadecimal codes to the left and printable

characters printed on the right.

3. At the end of the hexadecimal dump, set the printer off-line with the

On Line switch. This is necessary to print the last line. The following BASIC program is a simple test you can run in hexade-

cimal mode:

10 FOR I-O 20 LPRINT

*TO 255

CHR$(I); 30 NEXT I 40 LPRINT 50 END

If your system passes the codes directly to the printer without changing

them, you will get a printout like Figure 2-5.

10 11 12 20 21 22 30 51 32

40 41 42

50 51 52

60 61 62 70 71 72 80 El 82 90 91 92

A0 Al A2 c\3 A4 A5 A4 A7 BCI Hl 82 H3 84 H5 EL6 H7 co Cl c2

DO Dl D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

EO El E2

FO Fl F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7

OD OA

13 14 15 16 17 23 24 25 26 27 53 34 J5 3‘ ,7

43 44 45 46 47

53 54 55 56 57

4; 64 65 66 67 75 74 75 76 77

83 84 85 86 87

95 94 95 96 97

C3 C4 C5 C6 C7

E3 E4 E5 E6 E7

18 19 1A 1H 1C 1D IE 1F

29 2A 26 2C 2D 2E

28 ZR 29 SA 3B ;C ZD SE 3F 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F

59 3~ 56 5C 5D 5E

69 bA 66 6C 6D bE

68 78 79 ?A 7R 7C 7D 7E 7F

89 8A 86 8C ED 8E

99 9A 98 9C 9D 9E

98 A8 A9 AA AEI AC AD AE AF BB B9 HA BR BC BD BE BF

C8 C9 CA CR CC CD CE CF D8 D9 DA DB DC DD DE DF E8 E9 EA EB EC ED EE EF F8 F9 FA FB FC FD FE FF

Figure 2-5. Sample hexadecimal dump

Most BASICS, however, are not quite that straightforward. For example,

the IBM-PC prints the following.

CH:, 01

OF 10 11 20 21

30 31 40 41 50 51 60 61 70 71

80 81

90 91

A0 Al

HO 81

co Cl

DO Di EO El E2 FO Fl

OD I:,‘?

03 04 ,:15 06 07 OR

12 13 14 15 16 17

23 24 25 26 27 28

3’1: 54 35 76 37 38

4J 44 45 46 47 40

53 54 55 56 57 58

63 64 65 66 67 68

7rI. 74 75 76 77 78

83 84 85 86 87 88

93 94 95 96 97 98

FIT A4 A5 A6 A7 A8

B3 B4 B5 86 B7 H8

CI: c4 c5 Cb c7 CB

DI: D4 D5 D6 D7 D8

Dr)

E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 FS F4 F5 F6 F7 F8

Figure 2-6. Sample hexadecimal dump with IBM-PC

09 CIA OR CC

18 19 16 1C 10 1E

29 2A 26 2C 39 3A 36

49 4A 4B 59 SA 56 69 6A 68 6C 79 7A 7B 7C 89 8A 8H 8C

99 9A 98 A9 AA AH B9 BA BH C9 CA CB CC CD D? DA DB E9 EA EB EC ED EE F9 FA FR

OD OA

“D 2E 3C 3D 3E 4C 4D 4E 5C 5D 5E

6D bE

7D 7E

8D 8E 9C 9D 9E AC AD AE BC BD BE

DC DD DE

FC FD FE

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5F 6F

8F 9F

OE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2F ‘“%5%&~ o*+,-./ 3F 0123456789: ;<=:.? 4F BABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 5F PQH8T!JVWXYZC\l*~ 6F ‘abcdefqhi jklmna

7F pqrstLivwt:yzI : 2,“.

8F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

’ “WB%&’ ( ) *+. -. /

0 123456789 : ; .:: = >? @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO PQHSTUVWXYZE\l’-

‘abcde+ghiJklmno

pqrstuvwxyzc I:‘.

. .

2.5

When the IBM-PC BASIC interpreter sends hex code OD (carriage return) it adds an extra hex OA (line feed). Hex code 1A (end-of-file) also gets special treatment: the interpreter does not send it at all. This can cause problems in programs that generate graphics or download character data, but there is a solution. Try changing line 20 in the preceding program and adding the coding shown below. Coding for IBM-PC with monochrome display:

20 GOSUB 100 100 O=INP(&H3BD) 110 OUT &H3BC,I 120 RETURN

Coding for IBM-PC with colour adaptor:

20 GOSUB 100 100 O=INP(&H379) 110 OUT &H378,1 120 RETURN

: IF 0<128 THEN 100 :OUT &H3BE,5 :OUT &H3BE,4

:IF 0<128

:OUT &H37A,5

THEN 100

:OUT &H37A,4

SWITCH COMBINATION FUNCTIONS

Several additional functions can be obtained by pressing the control

panel switches in combinations.

Reverse micro-feed

COURIER 0

SANSERIF 0

ORATOR 0

Top of form

Figure 2-7. Switch combination functions of control panel

Paper parking: Print Pitch and Paper Feed switches

This procedure feeds the paper backward. It parks the fanfold form at the back of the printer so that you can switch to single-sheet feeding (by moving the release lever to the down position).

Before parking fanfold forms, tear off all but the last page, leaving less (at least three inches less) than a full page showing above the top cover.

1. Press the On Line switch to set the printer off-line.

2. Press the Print Pitch switch and hold it down.

3. Press the Paper Feed switch. The paper will be fed out backward.

Page feed: Paper Feed and On Line switches

If you are using single sheets, this operation ejects the current page. If you are using fanfold forms, it feeds to the top of the next page.

1. Press the On Line switch to set the printer off-line.

2. Press the Paper Feed switch and hold it down. The printer will start performing successive line feeds.

3. Still holding the Paper Feed switch down, press the On Line switch, then release both switches. The printer will smoothly eject the current page.

Top Of form: NLQ Type Style and On Line switches

When you turn on printer power, the top-of-form position is auto-

matically set to the current position. of the page to be, you can change the top-of-form position as follows.

1. Press the On Line switch to set the printer off-line.

2. Move the paper to the desired top-of-form position by pressing the Paper Feed switch, or by performing a forward or reverse micro-feed.

3. Press the NLQ Type Style switch and hold it down.

4. Press the On Line switch. The printer will beep to indicate that the top-of-form position has been set.

If this is not where you want the top

Forward micro-feed: On Line and Paper Feed switches

For line alignment, you can feed the paper forward in very small in-

crements as follows:

1. Press the On Line switch to set the printer off-line.

2. Press the On Line switch again and hold it down.

3. Press the Paper Feed switch. The paper will start advancing in a series of small steps. When you want to stop, release both switches.

Reverse micro-fee& On Line and Print Pitch switches

You can also feed the paper in small increments in reverse, to return

to a higher position on the same page.

Note: With fanfold forms, do not try to return to a previous page. The

perforation may catch inside the printer.

Press the On Line switch to set the printer off-line.

1. Press the On Line switch again and hold it down.

2. Press the Print Pitch switch. The paper will start moving backwards in

3. a series of small steps. When you want to stop, release both switches.

Left margin: NLQ Type Style and Print Pitch switches

Software almost always provides commands for controlling the margins,

so you will not usually have to set them from the control panel. When necessary, however, you can set the left margin as follows.

Press the On Line switch to set the printer off-line.

1. Press the NLQ Type Style switch and hold it down.

3. Press the Print Pitch switch. The print head will make a short excursion from the left end, then start advancing from left to right in a series of steps, each equal to one pica character width (l/10”). When the print head reaches the desired left margin position, release both switches, The printer will beep to indicate that the margin has been set.

Right margin: NLQ Type Style and Paper Feed switches

You can also set the right margin.

1. Press the On Line switch to set the printer off-line.

2. Press the NLQ Type Style switch and hold it down.

3. :Press the Paper Feed switch. The print head will travel to the right end

-‘.-* ‘of the carriage, then start advancing from right to left in a series of l/10” steps. When it reaches the desired right margin position, release both switches. The printer will beep to indicate that the margin has been set.

Clearing the buffer: Print Pitch, On Line and Paper Feed switches

When DIP switch 2-l is ON, the printer stores received data in a large

memory buffer. This creates a problem when you want to abandon a printing

job and restart: the printer may be holding much more data in its buffer

than it has actually printed, and this unprinted data must be cleared out before restarting. Turning power off is one way to clear the buffer, but there is another way:

1. Halt the printing program on the computer. If printing stops immediately, the buffer is clear and the rest of this procedure is unnecessary. If printing does not stop, continue as follows:

2. Press the On Line switch to set the printer off-line. Printing will now stop, but there may be data remaining in the buffer.

3. Press the Print Pitch switch and hold it down.

4. Press the On Line switch and hold it down.

5. Press the Paper Feed switch and hold it down. Continue holding all three switches down. In about three seconds you will hear a beep tone signaling that the buffer has been cleared.

6. Release all three switches, make any necessary control panel settings, then set the printer back on-line.

It is essential to halt the printing program on the computer before you

go off-line. Otherwise, when you go back on-line the computer will start sending data again and the printer will continue printing, with missing data where the buffer was cleared.

MEMO

Chapter 3

USING THE PRINTER

WITH COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE

There is an abundance of commercial software available: spreadsheet programs, word-processing programs, graphics programs, and more. This printer will work with any program that supports a Star, Epson or IBM dot-matrix printer. Before using the printer with commercial software, however, there are two things you must do:

l Install the software so that it supports the printer l Set the printer’s DIP switches to match the software

INSTALLING YOUR SOFTWARE

Most commercial software includes an installation program or routine that you can run to customize the software to fit your hardware system. Start by reading the explanation of the installation program in your software manual.

Printer menu

The installation program usually offers a menu of printers from which to choose. If you find this printer on the menu, select it.

If this printer is not listed, look for the Epson LX-800 or IBM Proprinter II. If these are not listed, look for another Star, Epson or IBM printer. A few of the choices you may see are given below in order of preference:

Star

NL-10 Epson LX-800 NP-10 FX-86e NX-10/15 EX-800 Graphics Printer ND-lo/15 LX-86 NR-lo/15 LX-80

IBM Proprinter II

Proprinter

Some menus are less explicit about model names but offer general descriptions such as “Star printer”, “Epson printer”, “IBM dot-matrix printer”, “dot-matrix ASCII printer”, “Centronics-type printer”, “Draft printer”, or “Standard printer”. Any of these selections should work. If you are not sure of the right selection, it does not hurt to experiment. If you choose wrong, you will get strange printing results, but don’t worry; just try a different selection. Don’t pick any printer described as a daisywheel printer or laser printer.

A few installation programs may ask you not to select a printer but to describe what your printer can do. The answers to the most often asked questions are: Yes, this printer can do a backspace; and Yes, it can do a hardware form feed.

Selecting (or describing) a printer is the main step in the installation process and frequently the only step necessary. If you selected this printer or any Star, Epson or IBM printer you should be able to use software commands for all the standard printer functions, including bold or double-strike printing, underlining, subscripts, superscripts, margin control, line-spacing control, and graphics.

Printer command options

Besides the standard printer functions, however, your printer has some capabilities your software may not be aware of, including double- and quadruple-size printing and the printing of special characters assigned to control codes. Some software enables you to define these capabilities as user options in the installation process. Read your software manual to find out whether you can do this and if so, how.

The most useful thing you can do is to define a way to enter the escape code < ESC > , which is the control character with decimal character code 27 (hexadecimal 1B). This code usually cannot be keyed in directly (pressing the ESC key will not work). As an installation option, however, you may be able to assign it to a function key or a special key combination. Doing so will put the full power of the printer at your disposal.

Type styles

Some word-processing software has commands that enable you to change type styles in the middle of a document without a printing pause. To use these commands you must generally define the printer’s type styles (fonts) during installation, by assigning them numbers for example. Read your software manual for details, and refer to Appendix B for the relevant printer commands.

Page width

Spreadsheet programs in particular may ask you to specify the printer’s column width. The column width of this printer depends on the character pitch used:

Pica Elite Condensed pica Condensed elite

80 columns 96 columns 137 columns 160 columns (Standard mode only)

The character pitch can be selected from the control panel before you

start printing, or possibly by an initialization sequence as described next.

initialization sequence

One of the installation options may be to specify the commands your software sends at the beginning of each printing job. These commands are called the “initialization sequence” or “setup string.” If necessary, you can use the initialization sequence to adjust the margins to your paper size or select a particular type style or pitch. You can look up the commands you want in Appendix B.

For example, if you selected 96-column width for a spreadsheet program, it would be convenient to add an elite pitch command to the initialization

sequence. Appendix B indicates that this command consists of the two

characters:

< ESC > “M”

which have decimal character codes 27 and 77 (hexadecimal 1B and 4D). Your software manual or an on-screen prompt will explain how to place these codes in the initialization sequence.

SETTING THE DIP SWITCHES

After completing the installation of your software, check the setting

of the printer’s DIP switches, in particular DIP switch l-6. If you selected a Star or Epson printer on the installation menu, switch 1-6 should be ON (the factory setting). If you selected an IBM printer, switch l-6 should be OFF.

DIP switches l-2 (auto CR), l-7 (character set), 1-8 (auto LF), and 2-l

(RAM usage) are also related to your software. Read what your software manual has to say about carriage returns, line feeds, character sets, and downloading characters, and refer to the explanation at the end of Chapter

USING YOUR SOFTWARE

With the installation and DIP switch settings correctly completed, you

are ready to entrust most of the control of your printer to your software. However, there will still be some things you have to do yourself.

Page alignment

If you are printing on fanfold forms, the first thing to do before you

start printing is to align the top of the forms so that printing will start at

the right position on the page, a short distance below the perforation. With power off, you can align the forms by turning the platen knob. When power is on, use the Paper Feed switch on the control panel.

Type style and pitch selection

If your software does not control the type style and pitch, you must make these selections with printer commands or panel controls. The default selections are draft style and pica pitch. To select a different style or pitch from the control panel, proceed as follows:

1. Hold the NLQ Type Style or Print Pitch switch down when you turn the printer’s power on. Hold both switches down if you intend to make both settings. The printer will beep in acknowledgement as it powers

up*

2. Press the On Line switch to set the printer off-line.

3. To select a type style, press the NLQ Type Style switch one or more times.

4. To select a print pitch, press the Print Pitch switch one or more times.

5. Press the On Line switch to set the printer back on-line. Most programs begin each printing job by sending a command that resets

the printer. That is why you must press the NLQ Type Style and/or Print Pitch switches as you power up. If you do not press these switches during power-up, the reset command will reset your panel selections to draft style and pica pitch.

If you want to change the type style or pitch in the middle of a printing

job, one way to do this is to insert a printing pause command in your file

at the point of the change. When the printer pauses, press the On Line switch

to go off-line. If the change occurs in the middle of a line, the printer will print the first part of the line. Now make the change with the control panel switches, set the printer back on-line, then command your software to resume printing.

Another way is to embed printer commands in the file, as explained

next.

Embedding printer commands

Many word processors and other software lack commands for changing type style, printing double-size characters, or printing in colour, and some do not even support bold printing or italics. The printer therefore has commands that can be embedded in documents to control these functions without software help. The commands consist of a capital letter enclosed in double parentheses, followed by a digit:

Type style (Font): ((F))O Courier

((F))l Sanserif ((F))2 ((F))3 ((F))9 Draft

Orator with small capitals Orator with lower case

Size:

Colour:

Bold:

Italic:

If you want to print a title in double-size Orator with small capitals,

then change to regular-size Courier for some text that includes italics, you

can use these commands as follows:

File as seen on computer screen:

Printer Commands

((F))O ((S))O

Type style, size, colour, bold print, and

((1))litalic ((1))Ocommands can be embedded

((1))lanywhere t(I))Oin a document.

((S))O Standard size ((S))l Double width ((S))2 Double height ((S))3

((C))0 Black ((C))1 Red

((C))2 Blue ((C))3 Violet ((C))4 Yellow ((C))5 Orange ((C))6 Green

((B))O Non-bold

((B)) 1 Bold

((I))0 Non-italic ((I))1 Italic

Double width and height

Printout:

PRINTER COMMANDS

Type style, size, colour, bold print, and

italic commands can be embedded

anywhere in a document.

When you use these commands there are several points to note:

l The type style ((F)) and italic ((I)) commands are ignored if the NLQ

Type Style switch was held down when power was switched on.

l The bold command ((B))l gives double-strike printing. In draft mode

you may prefer to use emphasized printing, which requires a software command or escape sequence.

l A line consisting of commands alone prints as a blank line.

l Software does not know that these commands are commands, so you

cannot trust your software to give you the correct line width. The printed line may be considerably shorter than the line on the screen; the missing space is the space that was occupied by the commands.

One way to handle the last problem is to prepare your document without the commands, then insert them as a final step, with the margins released.

The find, replace, and copy functions of word-processing software can be helpful here.

If you do not use these commands or the panel controls, the printer

will print standard-size, black, draft, non-bold, non-italic characters.

The printer supports various commands in addition to the above, such as quadruple-size printing. Most of these other commands consist of the escape code followed by one or more letters or numbers. If your software enables you to place the escape code in your files, or if you were able to define this as a user option during installation, you can also embed these escape sequences. See Appendix B for further details.

After printing the first page of a long job, you may want to pause to check that the printing is correctly formatted. Press the On Line switch, setting the printer off-line. Printing will stop immediately. To resume printing, press the On Line switch again.

If you need to abandon a printing job before it is finished, your software should provide a command for this purpose. Another simple expedient is to switch the printer’s power off.

Chapter 4

USING THE PRINTER

WITH DOS AND BASIC

Although you will probably do most of your printing with the aid of commercial software, at times you will want to employ direct commands or programs of your own. This chapter will give you some ideas. Three subjects are covered:

l Hard-copying the screen l Programming the printer with DOS commands l Programming the printer with BASIC

HARD-COPYING THE SCREEN (MS-DOS AND PC-DOS)

If your computer has a PRTSC (or PrtSc) key, there is an easy way to get hard copy of the screen. Press the SHIFT and PRTSC keys. The printer will print the current screen contents. The PRTSC key works both at the system command level and while you are running application software.

Normally the PRTSC key prints only text data, but if your DOS system includes a file named GRAPHICS.COM, you can hard-copy graphics displays, by first typing the command:

A >GRAPHICS

You will find that graphics printing takes considerably more time than text printing. See your DOS manual for further information on the GRAPHICS command.

At the DOS command level, there is also a simple way to have the printer

print hard copy continuously, instead of one screen at a time. Press the CTRL key, hold it down, then also press the PRTSC key. If your computer does not have a PRTSC key, press the CTRL and P keys. Nothing visible will happen, but you have just switched on the print-screen function. After this, the printer will hard-copy all text displayed. For example, try typing the directory command:

A>DIR

You will obtain a printed directory.

To switch printer output off, press CTRL-PRTSC or CTRL-P again. Each time you press this key combination, hard copy toggles from on to off or from off to on.

PROGRAMMING THE PRINTER WITH DOS COMMANDS

If your system includes the file PRINT.COM you can use the main DOS printing command. Simply type the word PRINT followed by the name of the file you want to print. To print a file named README.DOC, for example, type:

A >PRINT README. DOC

The computer may respond with the following message, asking which

printer to use:

Name of list device [PRN]:

If your computer is connected to only one printer, press RETURN to select the default choice (PRN). Printing will begin and the A> prompt will reappear. You can execute other commands or programs while the file is being printed.

A single PRINT command can print two or more files. List the tile names consecutively on the same line, or use wild-card characters (* and ?). Each file will be printed starting on a new page. The PRINT command also has control options. For example, you can terminate a printing job in progress with the /T option. (The printer may not stop printing immediately; it may have considerable data stored ahead in its buffer.) For the /T option, type:

A >PRINT/T

See your DOS manual for further information about the PRINT command. If your system does not include PRINT.COM, you can print files by using the PRN device name in COPY or TYPE commands such as the following:

A XOPY README. DOC PRN A>TYPE README. DOC > PRN

COPY and TYPE do not permit you to execute other commands while

the file is printing. 38

If you want a particular type style, print pitch, or right or left margin,

you can make these settings from the control panel before you start printing.

See Chapter 2.

If you print from the DOS command level very often, it will be advantageous to create a printer setup tile. Then instead of setting margins etc. manually each time, you can complete the setup with a single command from your computer. For example, you can create a tile containing printer commands to set the right and left margins, select near letter quality, and select elite pitch. You can find the commands in Appendix B. We suggest the following:

l Near letter quality l Elite pitch l Left and right margins < ESC > “X” < 12 >

< ESC > “x” “1” < ESC > “!”

cl>

< 92 >

< ESC > “!” < 1 > is a powerful command that, in addition to selecting elite pitch, cancels unwanted features such as underlining which might be left from previous commands. The angle brackets around the < 1 > indicate character code 1, which is a control code, not the printable digit “1”.

< ESC > “X” < 12 >

< 92 > sets the left margin in column 12 and the right margin in column 92. This will give a 6.7~inch, 80-column printed line with a one-inch left margin. (Elite has 12 characters per inch). < 12 > is a control code; < 92 > is the character “\“, as you can verify in Appendix D.

You may want to place additional commands in this file, such as line spacing and bottom margin commands. Or you may want to create a variety of setup files with a different set of commands in each.

To avoid excess line feeds, you should place the commands on one line in the setup file. You may or may not be able to generate a setup file with word-processing software; it depends on whether your software lets you enter

control codes. If your system includes the file EDLIN.COM, however, you

can easily create a setup tile with the DOS line editor.

An appropriate name for this setup tile would be NLQELITE.DAT. To use the DOS line editor, type the command EDLIN NLQELITE.DAT, then type the underlined parts of the following display. Press RETURN at the end of each line. Don’t type the symbol “ * “. This symbol means to hold the CTRL key down while pressing the next key: for example, “V means to type CTRL-V. “C means to type CTRL-C, which indicates the end of the input.

A >EDLIN NLQELITE . DAT

New file

l:*-V[xl^V[!“VA^V[X^VL\

2:*-c

“E

^V indicates that the following character is a control code. ^V[ enters the < ESC> code. < ESC > has character code 27, and “[” is the 27th character in ASCII sequence from A. Similarly, “VA enters the control code < 1 > and “VL enters the control code < 12 > . See your DOS manual if you need further information about EDLIN.

You can now set up the printer by sending it the file NLQELITE.DAT. To avoid unnecessary logging of commands, switch hard-copy output off (by pressing CTRL-PRTSC if hard copy is on). To print the file README.DOC in NLQ elite type, give the following two commands:

A>COPY NLQELITE.DAT PRN A >PRINT README. DOC

For greater convenience you can make a batch file that will set up the printer and print any specified file with a single command. To create such a batch file with the name NLQPRINT.BAT, type in the first four lines shown next. ^Z means to press the CTRL and Z keys simultaneously. To use this file to print README.DOC, type the fifth line.

A>COPY CON NLQPRINT.BAT COPY NLQELITE.DAT PRN PRINT %1

A>NLQPRINT README.DOC

The first above line is a copy command from the CONsole screen to a file named NLQPRINT.BAT. The next two lines are the contents of this file. The %l is a dummy parameter: whatever tile name you type after NLQPRINT will be substituted for %l and printed.

PROGRAMMING THE PRINTER WITH BASIC

As an example of programming the printer in Microsoft BASIC, we have listed the program for the IBM-PC that printed the sample on the foldout inside the back cover. This program runs in the printer’s Standard mode (DIP switch l-6 ON).

You will note that this program avoids the printer’s double-parenthesis commands. To change colours, for example, it uses the escape sequence E$: “r”;

CHR$(n), where E$ is predefined as CHR$(27), instead of the

equivalent command ((C))n. The double-parenthesis commands are great

for embedding in documents, but they are less convenient in programs. In their simplest form they cannot be listed; instead of listing them, the printer

executes them.

1000

1010 1020

1030 1040

1050 1060

1070 1080 1090

1100

1110

1120

1130 1140

1150 1160

1170

1180

1190

1200 1210

1220 1230

1240

1250

1260

1270

1280

1290 1300 1310 1320 1330 1340 1350 1360 1370 1380 1390 1400

’ Set control codes E$-CHR$(27) D$-E$+“xO”

‘Escape code

‘Draft quality N$-E$t”xl” ‘Near letter quality C$-E$t”kO”+N$

‘Courier S$-E$t”kl”tN$ ‘Sanserif Ol$-E$+“k2”+N$

‘Orator with small capitals 028sE$+“k3”+N$ ‘Orator with lower case H$KHR$(B) P$-E$+“P”

‘Horizontal tab

‘Pica pitch

’ Start printing WIDTH “LPTl * ” ,255 LPRINT E$;“D”;CHR$(3);CHR$(20);CHR$(O) ‘Set HT LPRINT C$; “Type styles are : ” LPRINT H$ ; D$ ; “Draft characters, ” LPRINT H$; C$; “Courier characters, ” LPRINT H$; S$ ; “Sanseri f characters, ” LPRINT H$;Ol$;“Orator with small capitals, or H LPRINT H$;02$; ”

with lower case characters,” LPRINT E$ ; “4” ; ‘Select italics LPRINT H$;02$;“and “;Ol$;“italics “;S$;“for “; LPRINT C$;“all “;D$;“styles.” LPRINT E$ ; “5”

‘Cancel italics LPRINT C$; “Print pitches are : ” LPRINT H$;P$;“Pica pitch,“; LPRINT H$;E$; “M”; “Elite pitch, ” LPRINT H$;CHR$(15); ‘Condensed pitch LPRINT P$; “Condensed pica pitch, ‘I; LPRINT H$ ; E$ ; “M” ;

“Condensed elite pitch,“; LPRINT P$; ‘Pica pitch LPRINT CHR$ ( 18) LPRINT H$;E$; “~1”;

‘Cancel condensed print

‘Select proportional spacing LPRINT “Proportional spacing for all pitches,” LPRINT E$ ; “~0”

‘Cancel proportional spacing LPRINT H$ ; E$ ; “Wl ” ; “Expanded, ” ; E$ ; “WO” ; LPRINT E$ ; “~1” ; “Doub 1 e-height , ” ; E$ ; “~0 ” LPRINT H$;E$;“h”;CHR$(l);“Double-sized,” LPRINT H$;E$;“h”;CHR$(2);“Quad-sized.“; LPRIN’T E$ ; “h” ; CHR$ (0 ) LPRINT :LPRINT :LPRINT LPRINT C$; “Colour printing:”

1410 LPRINT

1420 LPRINT H$;E$;"wl";E$;"r";CHR$(l);"RED, 'I; 1430 LPRINT E$;"r";CHR$(2);"BLUE. I'; 1440 LPRINT E$;"r";CHR$(3);"VIOLET. "; 1450 LPRINT E$;"r";CHR$(4);"YELLOW,"

1460 LPRINT 1470 LPRINT H$;E$;"r";CHR$(5);"ORANGE, "; 1480 LPRINT E$;"r";CHR$(6);"GREEN, "; 1490 LPRINT E$;"r";CHR$(O);"and

BLACK." 1500 LPRINT E$;"wO" 1510 LPRINT E$;"Q";CHR$(47) 'Set right margin 1520 LPRINT C$;"Various line and character spacings:" 1530 LPRINT E$;"al"

'Center text 1540 FOR I=1 TO 7 1550 LPRINT E$;"A";CHR$(I); 'Set line spacing 1560 LPRINT E$;" ";CHR$(I);

'Increase character space 1570 LPRINT E$;"r";CHR$(I-1); 'Select colour 1580 LPRINT "THE SPACING HAS CHANGED"

1590 NEXT I

1600 FOR I-7 TO 1 STEP -1 1610 LPRINT E$;"A";CHR$(I); 1620 LPRINT E$;" ";CHR$(I); 1630 LPRINT E$;"r";CHR$(I-1); 1640 LPRINT "THE SPACING HAS CHANGED"

1650 NEXT I

1660 LPRINT E$;"aO"

'Left justify

1670 LPRINT E$;"3";CHR$(36); 'Set l/6" line spacing

1680 LPRINT E$;" ";CHR$(O);

'Normal character space

1690 LPRINT :LPRINT 1700 LPRINT C$;"Other features:" 1710 LPRINT H$;E$;"E";"Emphasized";E$;"F";", 'I; 1720 LPRINT E$;"G";"Double-strike";E$;"H";"," 1730 LPRINT H$;E$;"-l";"Underlining";E$;"-O";", 'I;

1740 LPRINT E$;"~1";"Overlining";E$;"~O";"," 1750 LPRINT H$;E$;"SO";"SUPERSCRIPT";E$;"T";". 'I; 1760 LPRINT E$;"S1";"SUBSCRIPT";E$;"T";"," 1770 GOSUB 2130 1780 LPRINT H$;C$;"Download 1790 LPRINT D$;E$;"%l";

characters: 'I;

Select download character 1800 FOR I=1 TO 7 1810 LPRINT E$;"r";CHR$(I-1 1820 LPRINT CHR$(60);

'Change colour

;

Print download character 1830 NEXT I 1840 LPRINT E$;"%O";

Select normal character 1850 GOSUB 2230 1860 LPRINT C$;E$;"%l";

'Select download character 1870 FOR I-1 TO 7 1880 LPRINT E$;"r";CHR$(I-1); 1890 LPRINT CHR$(60);

'Change colour

'Print download character 1900 NEXT I

1910 LPRINT E$;"r";CHR$(O);

1920 LPRINT E$;"%O"

'Select normal character 1930 LPRINT H$;C$;"Dot graphics:"; 1940 DIM LOG0$(4) 1950 RESTORE 2450 1960 FOR ROW-1 TO 4 1970 FOR COL-1 TO 100 1980 READ DG 1990 LOGO$(ROW)=LOGO$(ROW)tCHR$(DG)

NEXT COL

2000 2010 NEXT ROW 2020 LPRINT E$;"A";CHR$(8);

'Set 8/72" line spacing

2030 FOR ROW-1 TO 4

LPRINT H$;H$;

2040 2050 LPRINT E$;"*";CHR$(O);

LPRINT CHR$(lOO);CHR$(O);

2060

LPRINT LOGO$(ROW)

2070

NEXT ROW

2080 2090 LPRINT E$;"O"

END

2100 2110 2120 2130 2140 LPRINT D$;E$;":" 2150 2160 2170 2180 2190 2200 2210 2220

' ' SUBROUTINES ' Define draft download character

;CHR$(O);CHR$(O);CHR$(O); LPRINT E$;"&";CHR$(O);CHR$(6O);CHR$(60); RESTORE 2340 FOR M-O TO 11

READ MM

LPRINT CHR$(MM);

NEXT M RETURN

'Select normal density

'Initialize printer

2230 ' Define NLQ download character 2240 LPRINT C$;E$;":";

LPRINT E$;"&";CHR5(0);CHR$(60);CHR$(60);

2250

RESTORE 2380

2260

FOR M-O TO 46

2270

READ MM

2280

LPRINT CHR$(MM);

2290

NEXT M

2300

RETURN

2310

2320 2330 2340 2350 2360 2370 2380 2390 2400

' ' DATA ' Draft download character data

DATA 139,124, 0, 66. 4, 64, 36, 16, 2, 16

DATA 12, 0

’ NLQ download character data DATA 128, 14, 16, 38, 1. 70, 1, 70. 0,126 DATA 0, 0, 70. 0. 38. 0, 22. 9. 6. 9

CHR$(O);CHR$(O);CHR$(O);

p”

2410 2420 2430

DATA DATA DATA

6, 8. 6. 0, 28, 32, 14, 64, 14, 0

14. 0,124, 0, 0, 12, 64, 12, 32, 14

16, 14, 0. 14, 0, 12, 0 2440 ' 2450 '

Dot graphics data 2460 DATA 0, 0, 0. 0, 1. 3, 7. 7. 7. 15 2470 DATA 14, 14, 14. 14, 14, 7, 7. 3, 3, 15 2480 DATA 2490 DATA 2500 DATA 2510 DATA 2520 DATA

2530

DATA

2540

DATA

2550 DATA 2560

DATA

2570

DATA 2580 DATA 2590 DATA

15, 15, 0. 0, 0. 0, 0, 0. 0. 0

0, 1, 3. 3. 7. 7, 15, 14, 14, 14

14, 15, 7. 7. 7. 3, 0. 0. 0, 0

0, 0. 0. 0. 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0, 0, 0. 0, 0, 0. 0. 0

1. 3. 7, 7, 7, 15, 14, 14, 14, 14

14. 7. 7, 3, 3, 15, 15. 15. 0, 0 0, 0, 0. 0. 0. 0. 0, 0. 0, 0

0, 0, 60.255.255.255.255.255.143. 15 7, 7, 7, 7. 3. 3, 3,131,193,241

240,240, 0. 0, 0. 0, 0. 0. 0. 1

121,253,253,255.255,255,143~ 7. 7. 7

2600 DATA 31,253,252.248,248.240.192, 0, 7, 15 2610 DATA 2620 DATA

2630 DATA 2640 DATA 2650 DATA 2660 DATA 2670 DATA 2680 DATA 2690 DATA

31, 31, 15, 7. 3. 0. 0. 0. 0, 0

0, 0, 0. 0, 0, 0. 0. 0, 60,255

255,255,255.255,143. 15, 7. 7. 7, 7

3. 3, 3,131,193,241,240,240. 0. 0 0, 0. 0. 0, 0. 0. 0. 0. 0, 0 0, 31, 31, 3.129.128.192.192.192.192

192,224,224.224,224,240.255,255,255.255

255.127. 0, 0. 0. 0, 63,127,255,255 255,255,193,128,128.128,128,192,224~240

2700 DATA 252,255.255,255.127, 63. 31, 7. 7, 31

2710 DATA

2720 2730 DATA 2740 DATA 2750 DATA 2760

2770 DATA

2780 DATA 2790 DATA

2800 DATA

2811-j DATA

2820

2830 DATA

2840 DATA

2850 DATA

254,252,248.224,128, 0, 0, 3, 7. 7

DATA

7, 3, 0, 0, 0. 0. 0, 31, 31. 3 129,128,192,192.192,192,192,224,224,224 224,240,255,255.255.255.255,127, 0, 0

0, 0, 0, 0. 0, 0. 0. 0, 0. 0

DATA 0,248,248,240,224,224.112.112,112, 56, 56

56, 56, 56,120,120,240.240.224,224,192 128, 0. 0, 0, 0, 0,192,224,240,240 240,248,248.248,120~120. 56. 56. 56. 56

48,112,224,224,224,224,240,240,248~248 120,120, 56, 56, 56. 56,120.240,224.224

DATA 192,128. 0, 0. 0, 0. 0,248,248.240

224,224,112,112, 56. 56. 56. 56, 56.120 120,240,240.224.224,192,128, 0, 0, 0

0, 0. 0, 0. 0, 0. 0, 0, 0. 0

How the program works

This program begins by assigning a number of printer commands to

BASIC string variables (lines 1000 to 1090). You can find most of these

commands near the beginning of Appendix B.

The WIDTH “LPTl:” 255 statement in line 1110 means infinite line

width. It prevents the IBM-PC from inserting unwanted carriage returns

and line feeds in graphics data.

Actual printing begins in line 1120. Using the preassigned commands, the program prints samples of its different type styles, including a line showing all styles in italics, followed by samples of the print pitches, then some double-size, quadruple-sized, and colour printing.

Next comes the central attraction of the program: a line of text printed fourteen times in expanding and contracting loops to give a multicoloured barrel effect. The work is done by live printer commands: a command setting the right margin (line 1510); a centering command (line 1530); a command to vary the line spacing (lines 1550 and 1610); a command to micro-adjust the space between characters (lines 1560 and 1620); and a colour command (lines 1570 and 1630).

Next the program returns to normal spacing and gives a demonstration of the printer’s word-processing abilities: bold printing, underlining, sub-

scripts, etc.

The row of automobiles in the next printed line is created by downloading two new character patterns, which are printed in place of the character “ < ” (character 60). Details can be found in Appendix C.

The final part of the program uses dot graphics to print an “S&S” logo. The dot pattern of the logo was originally laid out on graph paper, then converted to the data in lines 2460 to 2850 with the help of a calculator. Each number represents eight vertical dots. (See “Graphics Commands” in Appendix B for details. See also Figure C-l in Appendix C.)

The pattern is printed in four rows, each eight dots high and 100 dots

wide. Lines 1940 to 2010 read the dot data into a string array variable named

LOGO$. Line 2020 sets the line spacing to 8/72 inch so that the rows will

connect vertically. The loop in lines 2030 to 2080 does the printing in four passes of the print head.

This program can also be run in IBM mode (DIP switch l-6 OFF) if

you change a few of the lines as shown below to allow for differences in

some of the commands. You will get a cylinder instead of a barrel effect, because the IBM mode does not have any command to micro-adjust the character spacing.

Modifications for IBM mode:

1090 P$=CHR$(lB)

'Pica pitch

1190 LPRINT CHR$(28);"4"; 'Select italics

1220 LPRINT CHR$(28);"5"; 'Cancel italics

' LPRINT H$;E$;"M"; "Condensed elite pitch,":

1280

1510 LPRINT CHR$(28);"Q";CHR$(47) 'Set right margin 1550 LPRINT E$;"A";CHR$(I);E$;"2"; 'Set line spacing 1560 '

LPRINT E$;" ";CHR$(I); 'Increase character space 1610 LPRINT E$;"A";CHR$(I);E$;"2": 1620 ' LPRINT E$;" ";CHR$(I); 2020 LPRINT E$;"A";CHR$(B);E$;"2": 'Set 8/72" spacing 2140 LPRINT D$;CHR$(28);":";CHR$(O);CHR$(O~;CHR$(O); 2240 LPRINT C$;CHR$(28);":";CHR$(O);CHR$o;CHR$(O~;CHR$(O~; 2250 LPRINT E$;"&";CHR$(O);CHR$(6O~;CHR$~6O);

Chapter 5

MAINTENANCE

AND TROU5LESHOOTlNG

Subjects covered in Chapter 5 include -

l Cleaning the printer l Replacing the ribbon l Replacing the print head l Troubleshooting

Dust and heat will make any mechanism wear more quickly. The best maintenance is preventive, and the first step is correct location of the printer. This is covered in greater detail in Chapter 1, but in general an environment comfortable for humans is best for both the computer and the printer.

CLEANING THE PRINTER

Cleaning the printer regularly will prolong its service life. Use a damp cloth on the exterior every week or so. For stubborn dirt, you may moisten the cloth with alcohol or water containing a mild detergent, but be careful not to spill any liquid into the interior of the printer.

Use a soft brush to remove paper dust and lint from the interior. A small vacuum cleaner can also make this task easier, but be very careful not to bend or injure any electronic parts or wiring. The printer contains delicate

electronic parts, so only clean those places where you have easy access.

REPLACING THE RIBBON

The printer uses an endless-type colour ribbon cartridge in which the ribbon is recycled automatically. When the print becomes faint, it is time to replace the ribbon cartridge.

To remove the old cartridge, take off the top cover and press the ribbon release catch toward you with your index finger. Once the ribbon is free of the print head, the cartridge lifts out easily. To fit the new cartridge, guide the ribbon between the print head and the metal platen guard, then set the cartridge in place on the carriage and press down lightly. The release catch will lock automatically. See Figure 5-l.

REPLACING THE PRINT HEAD

The dot matrix print head has a life of about 200 million dots, or years of normal use. When printing is too light even after replacing the ribbon, you’ll know that the print head has reached the end of its service life. To replace the print head, follow the procedure below.

As you remove the old print head, note carefully how the cable is threaded, so that you can thread the new cable in the same way.

Caution: When replacing the print head, be careful not to touch the brass

gear on the carriage.

Warning: The print head becomes hot during operation. If you have been

using the printer, wait awhile so that the print head can cool off.

1. Turn power OFF and unplug the power cord.

2. Remove the top cover and ribbon cartridge.

3. Move the print head carriage toward the right until you can see the

connector cover. Remove the connector cover and pull the cable free

from the connector.

4. Remove the gear cover by pushing the fulcrums on both sides. At this

time, take care not to lose the spring.

5. Unscrew the two screws that hold the print head in place and set them

aside.

6. Disengage the cable from the tabs holding it down, then remove the print head.

7. For easy installation of the new print head, move the carriage toward the left end of the rail.

8. Place the new print head on its support, seating it on the two pins.

9. Thread the new cable the same way as the old, securing it under the tabs on the print head carriage.

Connector cover

Figure 5-2. Replacing the print head

10. Plug the cable into the connector, inserting it as far as it will go.

11. Fasten the print head down with the two screws.

12. Replace the spring and the gear cover in place.

13. Move the carriage back toward the right and replace the connector cover. Slide the connector cover to the left until it locks into place.

14. Replace the ribbon cartridge and top cover, and plug the power cord back in.

TROUBLESHOOTING

H If the printer doesn’t print:

l Check the Power and On Line indicators. Both must be on. l Check that the interface cable is securely plugged in at the computer and

printer ends.

l Make a test print. (Turn power OFF, hold the On Line or Paper Feed

switch down, then turn power ON.) If the test print succeeds, the problem is not with the printer; try a different printing command, or try using a different cable. If the test print fails, have the printer checked by a qualified

serviceman.

n If fanfold paper becomes stuck:

l Turn power off, take off the rear cover, remove the paper, and reload

the paper as described in Chapter 1.

l Make sure the paper is placed so that it feeds into the printer straight.

n If label paper becomes stuck:

l Have a qualified serviceman remove any label paper that adheres inside

the printer. Do not attempt to remove it yourself.

l Avoid using label paper with any exposed adhesive areas.

n If printing is faint, incomplete, or unclear:

l Check that the ribbon cartridge is installed correctly. If the ribbon

cartridge is old, replace it.

l Adjust the printing gap. See Chapter 1. l If ribbon replacement or gap adjustment does not solve the problem,

replace the print head.

n If a// text is printed on the same line:

l Set DIP switch 1-8 to the OFF (front) position.

n If line spacing is twice as wide as expected:

l Set DIP switch l-8 to the ON (back) position.

n If you can’t print to the end of the page:

l This is normal. The printer’s paper-out detector detects the end of the

paper and stops printing about an inch above the end.

e You can make the printer ignore the paper-out detector by setting DIP

switch l-5 to the OFF (front) position, or by using the < ESC > “8” printer command.

n If the printed characters don’t match the characters on the

screen:

l Check DIP switches 2-2 to 2-4. When these switches are not all ON (back),

an international character set is selected and some ASCII symbols are changed to other characters. See Appendix D.

l Some software is not able to display international characters on the screen.

If you use an international character set you may want to paste labels on the keyboard.

l If you are using the IBM mode, check DIP switch l-7. Some international

characters and symbols do not print when this switch is OFF (front).

n If some printer commands are ignored or executed incor-

rectly:

l Check that the setting of DIP switch 1-6 matches the type of printer your

software supports: ON (back) for Star or Epson; OFF (front) for IBM.

l A few commands are mutually exclusive. For example, you cannot get

emphasized condensed printing.

n If you have problems with horizontal tabulation:

l Don’t change the margins after setting tabs. l Don’t change the print pitch after setting tabs. The physical positions

of the tab stops do not adjust to the new print pitch.

n If you have problems with graphics:

l If you are using commercial software, check that it supports this printer,

or a Star, Epson or IBM printer, and that DIP switch l-6 is set correctly: ON (back) for Star or Epson; OFF (front) for IBM.

l Use a hex dump to verify the codes the printer is receiving. See the graphics

command descriptions in Appendix B. Some computers insert unwanted commands (such as carriage returns and line feeds) in graphics data, or change the values of certain codes.

l BASIC programs may require a WIDTH statement. Check your BASIC

manual.

n If you have problems with download characters:

l Check that DIP switch 2-l is OFF (front). l Make the same checks as for graphics problems.

MEMO

TECHNICAL SPEClHCA T/Oh/S

H Printing Mechanism

Printing method Printing speed

Printing direction

Serial impact dot matrix

120 characters per second (draft pica)

30 characters per second (NLQ pica) Draft:

(selectable), logic seeking NLQ and graphics: unidirectional, logic seeking

bi-directional or unidirectional

Print head

Ribbon

Paper feed

Paper feed speed

n /nterface and Emulation

Interface

Data buffer

Emulation modes

H Switches and indicators

Power switch Control panel

9 Pins

Life: 200 million dots Black/blue/red/yellow fabric ribbon car-

tridge Life: 1 million draft characters/colour

Friction and push-tractor feed Semiautomatic sheet loading

2.7 inches/second (during page feed)

Centronics-compatible, 7 or 8 bit,

TTL-level

8K bytes when not used for download

characters

l-Line buffer when using download

Epson LX-800 and IBM Proprinter II

Rocker switch

4 Membrane switches, 10 LED indicators

DIP switches Special features

12 pins

Panel pitch/style lock-in Forward and reverse micro-feed Paper parking Hexadecimal dump

W Co/our Printing

Colours

W Dot Matrix Size

Character matrix

Bit-image graphics

n Character Sets

Standard character set IBM character set

Black, red, blue, violet, yellow, orange,

green

9 x 9 dots (Draft pica)

18 x 23 dots (Courier and Orator pica) 18 x 18 dots (Sanserif pica, elite) 12 x 11 dots (IBM block graphics, pica) 18 x 19 dots (Courier and Orator elite) 18 x 12 dots (Condensed pica) 18 x 10 dots (Condensed elite)

8 x 480 dots at 60 dpi (Single density) 9 x 480 dots at 60 dpi (Single density)

8 x 576 dots at 72 dpi (Plotter mode) 8 x 640 dots at 80 dpi (CRT I) 8 x 720 dots at 90 dpi (CRT II) 8 x 960 dots at 120 dpi (Double density) 9 x 960 dots at 120 dpi (Double density) 8 x 960 dots at 120 dpi (High speed) 8 x 1920 dots at 240 dpi (Quadruple density)

96 ASCII characters 244 characters (ASCII, international

characters, symbols, block graphics)

Download characters International character sets

Max. 192 (draft) or 78 (NLQ)

14 sets (USA, France, Germany, England, Denmark I, Denmark II, Sweden, Italy, Spain I, Spain II, Japan, Norway, Latin America, Denmark/Norway)

n Type Styles and Pitches

Draft type styles NLQ type styles

Extra-large characters

Draft, draft italic Courier, Sanserif, Orator (with lower case

or small capitals), and italic versions of these

Double width, double height, double width

and height, quadruple width and height

Print pitches

Pica (10 cpi) Elite (12 cpi) Condensed pica (17 cpi) Condensed elite (20 cpi) (Standard mode

only) Proportional spacing can be selected for

each of the above

Line spacing

l/6 inch (standard) l/8, n/72, or n/216 inch (programmable)

Column width

8 inches Pica: 80 characters Elite: 96 characters Condensed pica: 137 characters Condensed elite: 160 characters

n Paper Specifications

Single sheets

140 to 216 mm (5.5 to 8.5 inches) wide,

0.07 to 0.10 mm thick

Fanfold paper

102 to 254 mm (4 to 10 inches) wide

0.07 to 0.10 mm thick (single-ply) Max. 0.28 mm thick (3-ply)

Number of copies

Max. 3 (original + 2 copies)

n Dimensions and Weight

Dimensions

Width 384 mm (15.1 inches) Depth 287.5 mm (11.3 inches) Height 108 mm (4.3 inches)

Weight

4.7 kg (10.3 pounds)

‘.

n Electrical Specifications

Line voltage

120 VAC f 10%

220 VAC + 10%

240 VAC + 10% (varies according to the country of pur-

chase) Line frequency Power consumption

Insulation resistance

50 or 60 Hz

Typ. 30 W, Max. 60 W

10 megohms between AC power line and

chassis

Dielectric strength

Withstands 1 kVAC rms at 50 or 60 Hz

between AC power line and chassis for

at least 1 minute

n Environmental Requirements

Operating temperature Operating humidity Storage temperature Storage humidity

5 to 40°C (41 to 104°F) 10% to 80% (no condensation)

- 30 to 65°C (- 22 to 149°F)

10% to 95% (at 40°C) (no condensation)

n Option

Automatic sheet feeder

n lnterface Signals

Pin No.

1 STROBEIN

2 3 4

5 DATA” ThT

7 8

Signal Name

Direction Function

DATA1 IN DATA2 IN DATA3 IN Eight-bit character data. DATA8 is the

.A* , II\

-‘*c I TXT

DA~.AJ DATA6 DATA7 DATA8

KFR

1lY IN IN IN 01

Goes from High to Low (for at least 0.5 microseconds) when data are valid.

most sismificant bit: DATA1 is the least

--_-- --51-~--..~~ -~~, ~

1 significant bit. High is logic 1 and Low is 1

- logic 0.

1 5-Microsecond Low pulse acknowledges 1 1 receipt of data.

MEMO

PRINTER CONTROL COMMANDS

This appendix describes the printer’s control commands. The commands are arranged by function. The name of each command is followed by a table like the one below:

Mode

Both

ASCII

<ESC> “X” <ESC> “X”

Mode:

Decimal

I‘ 1”

Cl>

27 120 49 1B 78 31 27 120 I IB 78 01

Indicates the mode in which the command is recognized. Std. IBM

Standard mode (DIP switch 1-6 on)

IBM mode (DIP switch 1-6 off)

Hexadecimal

Both Both standard and IBM modes

ASCII:

Indicates the ASCII coding of the command. Control characters are enclosed in pointed brackets: For example,

< 0 > means character code 0.

Decimal:

Gives the command in decimal character codes.

Hexadecimal: Gives the command in hexadecimal character codes.

Parameters for which values must be supplied are indicated by italic letters

such as n.

Many commands have alternative forms. Some commands use < ESC > (character code 27) in Standard mode and < FS > (character code 28) in IBM mode. Other commands have parameters that can be specified as either character codes or digit characters, like the parameter 1 in the sample command above.

FONT CONTROL COMMANDS Select draft quality characters

Mode

Both <ESC>

IBM

ASCII

‘C .,

( (

Changes from near letter quality to draft quality. Ignored if the NLQ Type Style switch was pressed during power-up.

“F” “)” “)”

‘I 0

&IX” “0”

“I”

co>

Decimal

40 40 70 41 41 57

“9”

27 120 48 1B 78 30 27 120 0 IB 78 00 27 73 48 1B 49 30 27 73 0 1B 49 00

Hexadecimal

28 28 46 29 29 39

Select draft elite characters

Mode ASCII

IBM

<ESC> “I” “ ”

< ESC >

“I”

Changes to draft quality characters with elite pitch (12 cpi). Ignored if the NLQ Type Style switch was pressed during power-up.

Select NLQ characters

Mode

Both

ASCII

<ESC> &lx,’ %‘ ” <ESC> “X”

27 120 1

Changes from draft quality to near letter quality. The initial NLQ type style is Courier unless a different style has been selected by a preceding command. Ignored if the NLQ Type Style switch was pressed during power-up.

Select NLQ type sty/e

Mode ASCII Both

<ESC> “k” n

Selects an NLQ type style according to the value of n. In draft mode,

this command remains dormant and takes effect later when NLQ is se-

lected by <ESC>

pressed during power-up.

n Type style 0 Courier (initial value)

1 Sanserif 2 Orator with small capitals 3 Orator with lower case

Decimal

I 21 13 49 IB 49 31

27 73 1 1B 49 01

Decimal Hexadecimal

I 27 120 49

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 107 n 1B 6B n

Hexadecimal

1B 78 31 IB 78 01

“x” 1. Ignored if the NLQ Type Style switch was

Select Courier characters

Mode Both “(V “(”

IBM

ASCII

‘.F” “)” “)” “0” 40 40 70 41

“” 1 “3” “I” <3> “I” “7” “I” <7>

Changes to the Courier NLQ font. Ignored if the NLQ Type Style switch was pressed during power-up.

Decimal

27 13 51 27 73 3 27 73 55 27 73 7

Hexadecimal

41 48 28 28 46 29

IB 49 33 1B 49 03 1B 49 37 IB 49 07

29 30

Select Sanserii characters

Mode ASCII

Both “(” “(” “F” “)”

IBM

c. ESC > “I” “2”

< ESC > “I” <2>

“)” “, 99 40 40 70 41 41 49 28 28 46 29 29 31

Decimal Hexadecimal

21 73 50 1B 49 32 27 73 2 IS 49 02

Changes to the Sanserif NLQ font. Ignored if the NLQ Type Style switch was pressed during power-up.

Select Orator characters with small capitals

Mode ASCII Both “(33 “(93

Changes to the Orator with samll captitals NLQ font. Ignored if the NLQ Type Style switch was pressed during power-up.

“F.> “)” “)”

Decimal

“2”

40 40 70 41 41 50 28 28 46 29 29 32

Select Orator characters with lower case

Mode Both “(” “(” “F’. “)”

ASCII

Changes to the Orator with lower case NLQ font. Ignored if the NLQ

Type Style switch was pressed during power-up.

“)” “3” 40 40 70 41 41 51 28 28 46 29 29 33

Decimal Hexadecimal

Select italic characters

Mode ASClt Both “(” “(‘3 “I.3 “)”

Std. <ESC> “4” IBM <FS> “4”

Causes subsequent characters to be printed in italics. Ignored if the NLQ Type Style switch was pressed during power-up.

“)” “1” 40 40 73 41 41 49 28 28 49 29 29 31

Decimal

27 52 IB 34 28 52 IC 34

Hexadecimal

Select upright characters

ASCII

1 “(” “(” “I.3 .‘)”

Std. <ESC> “ 5 ”

‘. IBM < FS >

Stops italic printing and causes subsequent characters to be printed upright. Ignored if the NLQ Type Style switch was pressed during power-up.

“ ”

Decimal

“)” “0” i 40 40 73 41 41 48 1 28 28 49 29 29 30

27 53 IB 35 28 53 IC 33

Hexadecimal

Emphasized printing

Mode Both

ASCII

<ESC>

“E”

Causes subsequent draft characters to be emphasized by adding extra thickness to vertical strokes.

Cancel emphasized printing

Mode

Both

ASCII

<ESC>

“F”

Cancels emphasized printing.

Double-strike printing

Mode

Both

ASCII

S‘ >> L. 7,

( (

<ESC>

“B” ‘.)” “)”

‘xi”

Causes subsequent characters to be printed in double-strike mode with a slight vertical paper motion in between, causing a thickening of horizontal strokes. For bold print. use of double-strike is recommended in NLQ mode, and combined use of emphasized and double-strike is recommended in draft mode.

Double-strike cannot be used with superscripts or subscripts.

Cancel double-strike printing

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 69 IB 45

Decimal

27 70

Decimal

“1” 40 40 66 41 41 49 28 28 42 29 29 31

27 71 1B 41

Hexadecimal

1B 46

Hexadecimal

Mode

Both

ASCII

“B”“)”

“ 3, I‘ 33

( (

<ESC> “H”

Cancels double-strike printing.

Start underlining

Mode ASCII

Both

< ESC >

Causes subsequent characters to be underlined. IBM block graphics characters and spaces skipped by horizontal tabulation are not underlined.

Decimal

“0” 40 40 66 41 41 48 28 28 42 29 29 30

27 12 1B 48

Decimal Hexadecimal

“-” ‘( 1” 27 45

“-” 21 45

Hexadecimal

49 1B 2D 31

1 1B 2D 01

Stop underlining

Mode 1 ASCII

Both

< ESC > ‘*-”

< ESC > “-” co>

Stops underlining.

Start

0 werlining

Mode ASCII

Both

< ESC > “A”

<ESC> “p”

Causes subsequent characters to be overlined. Spaces skipped by horizontal tabulation are not overlined.

Stop overlining

Mode

Both

ASCII

<ESC> “ ”

Stops overlining

Superscript

Mode

Both

ASCII

<ESC> ‘3”

Causes subsequent characters to be printed as superscripts. Does not

change the character pitch.

“0" 27

“1” 27

“0” 27

Decimal Hexadecimal

45 48 IB

45 0 1B

Decimal Hexadecimal

95 49 IB

95 1 1B

Decimal

95 48 IB

95 0 1B

Decimal

83 48 1B

83 0 1B

2D 30 2D 00

5F 31 5F 01

Hexadecimal

5F 30 SF 00

Hexadecimal

53 30 53 00

Subscript

Mode ASCII

Both

<ESC> “S”

“1” 21

27

Causes subsequent characters to be printed as subscripts. Does not change the character pitch.

Cancel superscript or subscript

Mode

Both

ASCII

<ESC>

“T”

Stops printing superscripts or subscripts and returns to normal printing.

Decimal

83 49 1B 83 1 1B

Decimal

27 84

Hexadecimal

53 31 53 01

Hexadecimal

1B 54

COLOUR PRINTING COMMANDS

Select printing colour

Mode

Both

ASCII Decimal

I. 31

( ‘T’

<ESC> 7” n

“C” “)” “)”

Select the printing colour according to the value of n. Ignored if a colour ribbon is not installed. The value of n may be either the character code or the digit character.

< 0 > or “0”

< 1 > or “1” < 2 > or “2” < 3 > or “3” < 4 > or “4” < 5 > or “5” < 6 > or “6”

Colour

Black Red

Blue Violet Yellow Orange Green

CHARACTER SET COMMANDS

Select standard character set

IModel ASCII

Std

<ESC> < ESC > “t”

Selects the standard character set. This is the power-up default in Standard

mode if DIP switch l-7 is ON. The standard character set cannot be

selected in IBM mode.

‘2“ “0”

co>

n 40 40 67 41 41 n 28

27 114 n 1B

1 Decimal

27 116 48 27 116 0 IB 74 00

1 Hexadecimal I

1B 74 30

Hexadecimal

28 43 29 29 n

72 n

Select IBM character set

Mode

Std.

ASCII Decimal

<ESC> “t” “I”

< ESC > “1”

Cl>

Selects an IBM character set (character set #2 unless an < ESC > “7” command has been received). Ignored in IBM mode, since the IBM character set is selected automatically.

27 116 49 27 116 1

Hexadecimal

1B 74 31 1B 74 01

Select IBM character set #7

Mode

Both

ASCII

<ESC>

“7” 27 55 IB 37

Decimal

Hexadecimal

Selects IBM character set #I. If the standard character set is currently selected, this command remains dormant and takes effect at the next

< ESC > “t” I command. In IBM mode, character set #l is the power-up

default if DIP switch I-7 is OFF.

Select IBM character set #2

Mode ASCII

Both <ESC> “6”

Selects IBM character set #2. If the standard character set is currently selected, this command remains dormant and takes effect at the next

< ESC > “t” I command. In IBM mode, character set #2 is the power-up

default if DIP switch I-7 is ON.

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 54

IB 36

Select international character set

Mode ASCII Std. <ESC> “R” n 27 82 n IB 52 n

IBM <FS>

“R” n

Selects an international character set according to the value of n.

n Character set n Character set 0 U.S.A

1 France 8 Japan 2 Germany 9 Norway 3 England 4 Denmark I 5 Sweden 6 Italy 13 Denmark/Norway

The tirst eight of these character sets (from U.S.A. to Spain I) can be selected as power-up defaults by DIP switches 2-2 to 2-4.

Decimal

28 82 n 1C 52 n

Hexadecimal

7 Spain I

10 Denmark II 1 I Spain II I2 Latin America

Enable printing of a// character codes

Mode ASCII Decimal

IBM <ESC> I”’ nl n2

27 92 nl n2 1B 5C nl n2

Enables printing of all characters in the IBM character set, including those assigned to character codes which are normally considered control codes. This command remains in effect for the next nl + n2 x 256 characters, where nl and n2 are numbers between 0 and 255. During this interval no control functions are executed. If a code with

no assigned character is received, the printer prints a space.

Hexadecimal

Enable printing of all character codes on next character

Mode ASCII

IBM

<ESC> ‘Ln”

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 94 1B SE

This command operates like < ESC > “\” except that it remains in effect for only one character.

Select slash zero

Mode

Both -

ASCII

<ESC> “ .> - “ 1” 27 126 49 <ESC> ‘L 32 N Cl> 27 126

Causes subsequent zero characters to be overprinted with a slash (S).

Decimal Hexadecimal

1 1B 7E 01

Select norma/ zero

Mode

Both -

ASCII

<ESC>

‘I - 31

‘. N >1

“0”

co>

Causes subsequent zero characters to be printed normally (0), without a slash.

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 126 48 1B 7E 30 27 126 0 1B 7E 00

CHARACTER SIZE AND PITCH COMMANDS

Pica pitch

Mode ASCII Std. <ESC>

IBM

<DC2>

In Standard mode, changes from elite to pica pitch (10 cpi) or from

condensed elite to condensed pica (17 cpi). In IBM mode, changes from

either elite or condensed to pica (10 cpi). Ignored if the Print Pitch switch was pressed during power-up.

“P”

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 80 1B 50

18 12

1B 7E 31

Elite pitch

Mode ASCII

Both <ESC>

IBM

< ESC > “:”

In Standard mode, changes from pica to elite pitch (12 cpi) or from condensed pica to condensed elite (20 cpi). In IBM mode. changes from either pica or condensed to elite (12 cpi). Ignored if the Print Pitch switch was pressed during power-up.

“M”

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 77 1B 4D 27 58

1B 3A

Condensed printing

Mode

Both r

ASCII

<SI >

<ESC>

<SI>

In Standard mode, changes from pica to condensed pica (17 cpi) or from elite to condensed elite (20 cpi). In IBM mode, changes from either pica or elite to condensed (17 cpi). Ignored if the Print Pitch switch was pressed during power-up.

Cancel condensed printing

Mode ASCII

Both 1

<DC2>

In Standard mode, changes from condensed pica to normal pica or from condensed elite to normal elite. In IBM mode, always changes to normal pica. Ignored if the Print Pitch switch was pressed during power-up.

Expanded printing

Mode ASCII

Both ,

<ESC>

“w” “1” 27 81 49 IB 57 31 “w” 21 87 1 IB 57 01

Causes subsequent characters to be expanded to double width.

Cancel expanded printing

Mode

Both -

ASCII Decimal

<ESC> “W” “0” 27 <ESC> “W” co> 21

Stops expanded printing and returns to normal width.

Decimal Hexadecimal

15 OF

27 15 1B OF

Decimal

Hexadecimal

I 18 I 12

Decimal

Hexadecimal

87 48 1B 57 30 81 0 1B 57 00

Expanded printing for one line

Mode

Both

ASCII Decimal <so>

<ESC>

<so>

Causes subsequent characters in the current line to be expanded to double width. Characters return to normal width after the next line feed ( < LF > ). The < DC4 > , <VT > , < FF > , and < ESC > “W” 0 commands also

cancel expanded printing.

27 14

Hexadecimal

1B OE

Cancel one-line expanded printing

Mode Roth i <DC4>

ASCII

Stops one-line expanded printing set with < SO > or < ESC > < SO > Does not cancel < ESC > “W” 1.

Select proportional spacing

Mode

Both

IBM <ESC>

ASCII

< ESc >

<EfjC>

ss 73

P “113

“ ” P Cl> “p” Cl>

Causes subsequent characters to be proportionally spaced. Ignored if the Print Pitch switch was pressed during power-up.

Select fixed spacing

Mode ASCII

Both

IBM <ESC>

< ESC > <ESC>

“p” “0” “ ” P co> “P” co>

Causes subsequent characters to be printed with fixed character spacing. Ignored if the Print Pitch switch was pressed during power-up.

Select master print mode

Mode

Both

ASCII

‘ESC>

&‘J,>

Selects a combined print mode according to the value of n. The value of n is the sum of the values given below for the desired characteristics. Examples: n = 1 gives elite; n = 9 (1 + 8) gives emphasized elite; n

= 137 (1 + 8 + 128) gives underlined emphasized elite.

Function Underline

Italic [*I] 64 Expanded Double strike Emphasized Condensed [*2] Proportional [*2] Elite [*2]

[*l] Ignored if the NLQ Type Style switch was pressed during

power-up.

[*2] Ignored if the Print Pitch switch was pressed during

power-up.

Decimal Hexadecimal

I 20

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 112 49 27 112 27 80

27 112 48

27 112 27 80

27 33 n 1B 21 n

1 1B 70 01

1 1B 50 01

Decimal Hexadecimal

0 1B 70 00 0 1B 50 00

Decimal Hexadecimal

I 14

1B 70 31

1B 70 30

n value

128

8 4 2

increase character spacing

Mode ASCII Decimal Std. 1

<ESC> “” n

1 27 32 n IlB 20 n

Hexadecimal

Increases the space between characters by n/240 inches, where n is a number from 0 to 127. Used in microjustification.

Select double or quadruple size

Mode ASCII Decimal Hexadecimal

Both <ESC> “h” n 27 104 n 1B 68 n

Selects the size of subsequent characters as shown below. Extra-high

characters align along the cap-line of normal characters, with the base

line temporarily moving down. Line spacing is temporarily doubled when n = 1, 5 or 6 and quadrupled when n = 2. To print correctly when n

= 3,4,5 or 6, set the line spacing to 24/2 16 (l/9) of an inch with < ESC > “3” < 24 > , and print the same characters twice, upper half on one line, lower half on the next. For accurate alignment of the two halves, select unidirectional printing with < ESC > “U” < 1 > .

Effect

Normal size

Double-high, double-wide

Quadruple-high, quadruple-wide Double-high, double-wide (Lower half only)

Double-high, double-wide (Upper half only)

Quadruple-high, quadruple-wide (Lower half only)

Quadruple-high, quadruple-wide (Upper half only)

Print double-height characters

Mode ASCII Decimal Hexadecimal

Both -

<ESC> “W)’ “ ” 1 27 119 49 1B 77 31

<ESC> ‘*W” Cl> 27 119 1

1B 77 01

Prints subsequent characters at double height without moving the base line, and without changing the line spacing. Temporarily cancels super/subscript and condensed printing modes.

Return to normal height

Mode ASCII Decimal Hexadecimal

Both

<ESC’ “W” “0” 27 119 48 IB 77 30

<ESC> “WI’ co> 27 119 0 IB 77 00

Terminates double-height printing and prints subsequent characters at

normal height. Resumes super/subscript and condensed printing if these

modes were in effect before double height was selected.

Select character size

Mode ASCII Both “(” “(33

“s., “)” “)” n

Decimal

40 40 83 41 41 n 28 28 53 29 29 n

Selects a combination of character height and width according to the

value of n, as below. Does not move the base line.

Character width Character height

1 2 3

Single width Double width Single width Double width

Single height Single height Double height Double height

Double-height characters are always printed at near letter quality. Double height printing temporarily cancels the super/subscript and condensed printing modes, but these modes resume when the printer returns to normal height.

Select character height, width, and line spacing

Mode ASCII

< ESC > “[”

Both

Selects a combination of character height, width, and line spacing according to the value of n and m, as below. Does not move the base line.

I I

“@”

<Ob <O> co> n

<4> 27 91 64 4 1B 5B 40 04

Line spacing Unchanged

Unchanged Unchanged Single Single Single Double Double

Double

Character width

Single width (same as < ESC > “W” 0)

Double width (same as < ESC > “W” 1)

Decimal Hexadecimal

0 0 0 n

Character height

Unchanged Single height Double height

Unchanged

Single height

Double height

Unchanged

Single height

Double height

Hexadecimal

00 00 00 n

VERTICAL POSITION COMMANDS

Set line spacing to II8 inch

Mode ASCII Decimal

Both <ESC> “0” 21 48

Hexadecimal

1B 30

Sets the distance the paper advances or reverses in subsequent line feeds to l/8 inch.

Set line spacing to 7172 inch

Mode ASCII Decimal Both

<ESC> “1”

27 49

Sets the distance the paper advances or reverses in subsequent line feeds

to T/i’2 inch.

Hexadecimal

IB 31

Set line spacing to 716 inch

Mode ASCII Decimal

Std. <ESC> “2” 27 50 IB 32

Sets the distance the paper advances or reverses in subsequent line feeds

to l/6 inch.

Hexadecimal

Set line spacing to n/216 inch

Mode ASCII

Both

<ESC> “ ” n

Sets the distance the paper advances or reverses in subsequent line feeds to 4216 inch, where n is between 0 and 255. If n = 0, in Standard mode the line-feed distance is set to 0, but in IBM mode this command is ignored.

3 21 51 n 1B 33 n

Decimal

Hexadecimal

Set line spacing to n/72 inch

Mode ASCII Both <ESC> “A” n

In Standard mode, sets the distance the paper advances or reverses in subsequent line feeds to n/72 inch, where n is between 0 and 85. If n

=O, the line spacing is set to 0. In IBM mode this command does the same except that (1) the new line spacing does not take effect until the next < ESC > “2” command, and (2) if n = 0, the < ESC > “A” command is ignored.

Decimal

27 65 n IB 41 n

Hexadecimal

Execute < ESC > “A”

Mode

IBM

ASCII

<ESC> “2”

Sets the line spacing to the value defined by the last preceding < ESC > “A” command. Sets the line spacing to l/6 inch if there is no preceding

< ESC > “A” command.

Line feed

Mode

Both

ASCII

<LF> 10 OA

Prints the current line and feeds the paper to the next line. If DIP switch I

l-2 is ON, also moves the next print position to the left margin. See the

preceding commands for the line spacing.

Reverse line feed

Mode

Both 1

ASCII

<ESC>

<LF> 127 10

Prints the current line and feeds the paper in the reverse direction to the preceding line. If DIP switch 1-2 is ON, also moves the next print position to the left margin. See the preceding commands for the line spacing. Ignored when friction feed is used.

Perform one n/276-inch line feed

Mode

Both

ASCII

< ESC > “J” n

Feeds the paper once by n/216 inches, where n is between 1 and 255. Does not move the print position right or left when DIP switch l-2 is OFF. Does not change the line-spacing setting. Ignored when friction feed is used.

Decimal Hexadecimal

21 50 IB 32

Decimal Hexadecimal

IIB OA

Decimal Hexadecimal

21 74 n 1B4A n

Perform one n/276-inch reverse line feed

Mode

Both

ASCII

< ESC > “j" n

Feeds the paper once by n/216 inches in the reverse direction, where n is between 1 and 255. Does not move the print position right or left when DIP switch l-2 is OFF. Does not change the line-spacing setting. Ignored when friction feed is used.

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 106 n lB6A n

Feed paper n lines

Mode

Both

ASCII Decimal Hexadecimal

<ESC> “f’ “1” n 27

<ESC> “f Cl> n 27

102 49 n 1B 66 31 n 102 1 n 1B 66 01 n

Feeds the paper n lines from the current line, where n is between 0 and

127.

Set top of page at current position

Mode ASCII

IBM 1 <ESC>

Sets the current position as the top-of-page position. Note that this can also be done from the control panel.

“4” I 21 52 IlB 34

Decimal Hexadecimal

Set page length to n lines

IModel ASCII I Decimal I Hexadecimal I

Both I

<ESC> “C” n

Sets the page length to n lines in the current line spacing, where n is between

1 and 127 in Standard mode or between 1 and 255 in IBM mode. Changing the line spacing later does not alter the physical page length. The current line becomes the top of the page.

I 27 67 n

IlB 43 n

Set page length to n inches

Mode ASCII Decimal

Both <ESC>

-2” CO> n

27 61 0 n

Sets the page length to n inches, where n is between 1 and 22 in Standard mode or between 1 and 127 in IBM mode. The current line becomes the top of the page.

Hexadecimal

1B 43 00 n

Set top margin

Mode ASCII

Both

< ESC z “c” n

Sets the top margin to (n - 1) lines, where n is between 1 and 255. Printing

begins on the nth line on the page. The power-up default is n = 1, giving

no top margin.

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 99 n

1B 63 n

Set bottom margin

Mode ASCII Roth <ESC,

“N” II 27 78 n

Sets the bottom margin to n lines, where n is between 0 and 127 in Standard mode or between 0 and 255 in IBM mode. The bottom margin is reset when you change the page length.

Cancel top and bottom margins

Mode ASCII

Both <ESC>

“0”

Cancels both the top margin and the bottom margin.

Form feed

Mode ASCII

Both

<FF> 12

Feeds the paper to the top of the next page according to the current page length. and moves the print position to the left margin. When the automatic sheet feeder (ASF) is selected (DIP switch l-4 is OFF), this command ejects the current page.

Return to top of current page

Mode ASCII Both

< ESC -’

<FF>

Feeds the paper backward to the top of the current page. Ignored when friction feed is used.

Disable paper-out detector

Decimal

21 19

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 I2

Hexadecimal

lB4E n

Hexadecimal

IB 4F

IB OC

Mode Both

ASCII

<ES(‘> “ ”

Causes the printer to disregard the signal sent by the paper-out detector,

enabling printing to the bottom of the paper. Overrides the setting of

DIP switch 1-5.

Enable paper-out detector

Mode

Both

ASCII Decimal

<ESC> “9”

Causes the printer to stop printing about an inch before the end of the paper. Overrides the setting of DIP switch l-5.

Decimal

21 56 IB 38

21 51 1B 39

Hexadecimal

Set vertical tab stops

IModel ASCII I

IBoth T <ESC>

“B” nl n?

~04 27 66 nl n2 . ..O 1 1B 42 nl n2...00 I

Cancels all current vertical tab stops and sets new vertical tab stops at lines nl, n2, etc., where nl, n?. etc. are numbers between I and 255. A maximum of 16 vertical tab stops can be set. The tab stops must be specified in ascending order; any violation of ascending order terminates the tab stop list. Standard termination is by the < 0 > control code. The vertical tab stops are set in terms of the current line spacing and do not move if the line spacing is changed later.

Set vertical tab stops every n lines

IModel ASCII

Both

<ESC> “e” Is ” 1 n <ESC> “e” n

Cancels all current vertical tab stops and sets new tab stops every n lines. where n is between 1 and 127.

I Decimal Hexadecimal I

27 101 49 n 27 101 1 n 1B 65 01 II

Set vertical tab stops in channel

Mode ASCII

Both

<ESC>

Cancels all current vertical tab stops in channel no, (where n0 is between 0 and 7) and sets new vertical tab stops in this channel. (A channel is a set of vertical tab stops selected by the < ESC > “//” command.) See

< ESC > “B” for parameters n/. n2, . . . < 0 >.

“b” n0 nl 27 98 n0 nl 1B 62 n0 nl

n2 co>

Decimal

Hexadecimal 1

1B 65 31 n

Hexadecimal

n2 0 n? 00

Select vertical tab channel

Mode ASCII

Both

i ESC > “j” n0

Selects a set of vertical tab stops designated by a channel number (n(l) from 0 to 7. The tab stops in each channel are set by < ESC > “b”.

Vertical tab

IMode I ASCII

Both

<VT>

Feeds the paper to the next vertical tab stop and moves the print position to the left margin. Performs a line feed if no vertical tabs are set, as at power-up. Feeds to the top of the next page if vertical tabs are set but the current line is at or below the last vertical tab stop.

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 47 n0 1B 2F n0

I Decimal I Hexadecimal I

1 OB

HORIZONTAL POSITION COMMANDS

Set left margin

IModel ASCII

Both

< ESC > “1” n 27 108 n lB6C n

1 Decimal 1 Hexadecimal 1

Sets the left margin at column n (where n is between 0 and 255) in the

current character pitch (pica pitch if proportional spacing is selected).

The left margin does not move if the character pitch is changed later. The left margin must be at least two columns to the left of the right margin and within the limits below:

Pica

Elite Condensed pica Condensed elite

Expanded pica

Expanded elite

Expanded condensed pica

Expanded condensed elite

Osns76

Osns91 0 5 n $ 130 0 sn < 152

O<ns38 Osn<45 Osns64 Osns76

The left margin can also be set from the control panel.

Set right margin

Mode ASCII

Std. 1 ‘ESC> “0” n 127 81 n IIB 51 n

IIBM I <FS>

“0” n

Sets the right margin at column n in the current character pitch (pica pitch if proportional spacing is currently selected). Column n becomes the last character position in the line. The right margin does not move if the character pitch is changed later. The right margin must be within the limits below:

Pica

Elite

Condensed pica

Condensed elite

Expanded pica

Expanded elite

Expanded condensed pica

Expanded condensed elite

Decimal Hexadecimal

128 81 n

IlC 51 n

4sns80

5sns96 7 5 n I 137 8 I n I 160 2sn440 3sns48 4sns68 4sns80

The right margin can also be set from the control panel.

Set left and right margins

Mode ASCII Both I

<ESC>

“X” nl n2 I27 88 nl n2 I IB 58 nl no

Decimal Hexadecimal

Sets the left margin at column nl and the right margin at column n2. See the preceding commands for margin restrictions and other notes.

Carriage return

1 Mode 1 ASCII

Both I <CR>

Prints the current line and returns the next print position to the left margin. If DIP switch l-8 is ON, also performs a line feed.

I Decimal

I 13 1 OD

1 Hexadecimal I

Set automatic line feed

IModel ASCII

IBM

<ESC> “ ”

Causes the printer to perform both a carriage return and line feed each time it receives a < CR > code. This command takes priority over DIP switch l-8.

Cl> 1 27 53 1

I Decimal I Hexadecimal I

1B 35 01

Cancel automatic line feed

Mode 1 ASCII

IBM <ESC> “ 5 ” co> 27 53 0 1B 35 00

Causes the printer to perform only a carriage return when it receives a

<CR > code. This command takes priority over DIP switch l-8.

Decimal Hexadecimal

Backspace

Mode ASCII

Both CBS>

Moves the print position one column to the left. Ignored if the print position is at the left margin. This command can be used to overstrike or combine characters.

Left justify

IModel ASCII I

Both

<ESC> “ii” “0” 27 97 48 1B 61 30 < ESC > “a” co> 27 97 0 1B 61 00

Aligns subsequent text with the left margin, leaving the right margin ragged.

Decimal Hexadecimal

8 OX

Decimal Hexadecimal

Center text

1 Mode 1 ASCII

Both

<ESC> “a” *’ I . . 21 97 <ESC> “a” 21 97

1 Decimal

Centers subsequent text between the left and right margins.

Right justify

Mode ASCII

Both

<ESC> “a” “7” i 21 91

<ESC> “a” <2> 21 91

Aligns subsequent text with the right margin, leaving the left margin ragged.

Decimal Hexadecimal

Set horizontal tab stops

Mode ASCII

Both I <ESC>

Cancels all current horizontal tab stops and sets new tab stops at columns nl, n,l, etc. in the current character pitch (pica pitch ifproportional spacing is currently selected), where nl, n2. etc. are numbers between 1 and 255. The maximum number of horizontal tab stops allowed is 32 in Standard mode and 28 in IBM mode. The tab stops must be specified in ascending order; any violation of ascending order terminates the tab stop list. Standard termination is by the < 0 > control code. To clear all tab stops, specify < ESC > “D” CO>

“D” 121

n2 . ..<O> 27 68 nl nZ...O 1B 44 nl nZ..OO

Decimal

Set horizontal tab stop every n columns

Hexadecimal I

49 1B 61 31

I IB 61 01

50 IB 61 32

2 1B 61 02

Hexadecimal

Mode

Both

ASCII

< ESC > “e” “0” n 21 101

<ESC> “e” co> n 21 101

Cancels all current horizontal tab stops and sets new tab stops every n columns. where II is between I and 127.

Reset a// tab stops

Mode ASCII

IBM <ESC>

Resets the horizontal tab stops to their power-up values in which a tab stop is set every 8 column starting at column 9. Also clears all vertical tab stops.

‘(R”

Decimal Hexadecimal

48 n 1B 65 30 n

0 n IB 65 00 n

Decimal

21 82

Hexadecimal

1B 52

Horizontai tab

Mode ASCII Decimal

Both <HT> 9 09

Moves the print position to the next horizontal tab stop. Ignored if there is no next horizontal tab stop in the current line. Note that when underlining is selected, spaces skipped by horizontal tabulation are not

underlined.

Relative horizontal tab

Hexadecimal

Mode Std.

IBM

ASCII

i ESC > “\” nl n2 21 92 ill I12 IB 5C nl n-7

< FS > “‘sI” nl n2

Decimal Hexadecimal

28 92 nl n2

IC 5C nl rt2

Moves the print position right or left a specified distance (maximum 6

inches). Ignored if the resulting position is beyond the right or left margin.

The formulas for the distance and direction are as follows:

If n2 is between 0 and 63, the print head moves right by (nl + n2 x 256)/l 20

inches

If n.? is between 64 and 127, the print head moves left by (nl +

[n.?-641 x 256)/120 inches

Absolute horizontal tab in inches

Mode ASCII Decimal Hexadecimal

Both <ESC>

“$” nl n2 27 36 nl n2 IB 24 nl nZ

Sets the next print position to (nl + n2 x 256)/60 inches from the left

margin on the current line. Ignored if this position is beyond the right

margin. The maximum position is 8 inches.

Absolute horizontal tab in columns

Mode ASCII

Both

<ESC> “f <ESC> “f’

Moves the next print position to column n from the left margin, where n is between 0 and 127.

“0” n 27

CO> n 27

Decimal

102 48 n IB 102 0 n IB

Hexadecimal

66 30 n 66 00 n

GRAPHICS COMMANDS

Print sing/e-density 8-bit graphics

Mode

Both

ASCII

<ESC’

“K” nl n2 21 75 nl n2

ml m2

Decimal

1B 4B nl n2

ml m2 ml m2

Prints bit-image graphics at 60 dots per inch horizontally. The graphic image is 8 dots high and nI + nZ x 256 dots wide. Maximum width is 8 inches (480 dots). tnf, m2, . . . are the dot data, each a l-byte value from 0 to 255 representing 8 vertical dots, with the most significant bit at the top and the least significant bit at the bottom. The number of data bytes must be nl + n-7 x 256. Dots beyond the right margin are ignored. At _c the end of bit-image printing the printer returns automatically to character mode.

Print double-density 8-M graphics

Mode ASCII

Both

<ESC>

Prints bit-image graphics at 120 dots per inch horizontally (maximum 960 dots wide). See < ESC > “K” for other information.

“L” nl n2 27 76 nl n2

ml m2 .._ ml m?

Decimal

1B 4C nl n2

ml m2

Print double-density, double-speed 8-M graphics

Mode ASCII

Both

<ESC>

Prints bit-image graphics at 120 dots per inch horizontally (maximum 960 dots wide), skipping every second dot in the horizontal direction. See < ESC > “K” for other information.

“Y” nl t12

ml m2

Decimal Hexadecimal

21 89 nl n2 1B 59 nl n?

ml m2

ml m2 ___

Hexadecimal

Print quadruple-density 8-M graphics

Mode ASCII

Both

<ESC> “Z” nl n2 27 90 nl n2

ml m2

Prints bit-image graphics at 240 dots per inch horizontally (maximum 1920 dots wide), skipping every second dot in the horizontal direction. See < ESC > “K” for other information.

Decimal Hexadecimal

ml m2 ml m2

IB 5A nl n2

Select graphics mode

Mode ASCII

Both

<ESC> “*” n0 nl

n2 ml m2

Selects one of seven graphics modes depending on the value of n0 and prints bit-image graphics in this mode. See < ESC > “K” for information

on nl, n2, ml, m2, . .

n0 Graphics mode 0 Normal-density

1 Double-density 2 Double-density, double-speed 3 Quadruple-density 4 CRT graphics, mode I 5 Plotter graphics 6 CRT graphics, mode II

Convert graphics density

Mode ASCII

Both <ESC> .

Converts graphics defined by subsequent < ESC > “K”, < ESC > “L”,

<ESC> “Y” or < ESC> “Z” commands to a density mode defined

by <ESC>

converted. m is a code from < 0 > to < 6 > indicating one of the modes

of <ESC> “*“.

“7,’

“*rr, n is “K”, “L”,

Print g-pin graphics

Decimal Hexadecimal

21 42 n0 nl

n2 ml m2

Decimal

m 21 63 n m

“Y” or “Z”, indicating the mode to be

1B 2A n0 nl

n2 ml m2 .

(60 dots per inch) (120 dots per inch)

(240 dots per inch) (80 dots per inch) (72 dots per inch) (90 dots per inch)

Hexadecimal

1B 3F n m

Mode ASCII

Std.

<ESC> I“” n0 nl

Prints bit-image graphics at 60 dots per inch if n0 = 0 or 120 dots per inch if n0 = 1. The graphics image is 9 dots high and nl + n2 x 256 dots wide. Maximum width is 8 inches. Dots beyond the right margin are ignored. ml, m2, . . .

the leftmost position, the most significant bit of ml is the top dot; the

least significant bit of ml is the second dot from the bottom; the most

significant bit of m2 is the bottom dot; and the other bits of m2 are ignored.

Other byte pairs are similar. The number of data bytes must be 2 x (nl

+ n2 x 256). At the end of bit-image printing the printer returns auto-

matically to character mode.

n2 ml m2

are byte pairs representing 9 vertical dots each. In

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 94 n0 nl

1B 5E n0 nl

n2 ml m2 n2 ml m2 ___

DOWNLOAD CHARACTER COMMANDS Copy standard characters from ROM into RAM

IModel ASCII

Std. < ESC > “:” <O> <O> CO> 27 58 0 0 0 1B3A 00 0000

1 Decimal Hexadecimal 1

IBM < FS > -:” <O> <O> <O> 28 58 0 0 0 1C 3A 00 00 00

Copies all the standard characters to the corresponding download character RAM area, overwriting any download data already present. Ignored when DIP switch 2-1 is ON.

Define draft download characters

Mode 1 ASCII

<ESC> “&”

Defines one or more new draft characters and stores them in RAM for later use. DIP switch 2-l must be OFF; otherwise RAM is used as an input buffer, not for downloading characters, and this command is ignored. Draft mode must be selected before this command is executed. nl is the character code of the first character defined and n2 is the character code of the last character defined. nl and n2 must both be between 32 and 127 or both be between 160 and 255. nl must be equal to or less than n2. Use of character codes 32 (space) and 127 (delete code) should be avoided if possible. Each character is defined by an attribute byte (m0) and 11 data bytes

(ml, m2 ,..... mll).

The most signitican bit of the attribute byte is 1 if the character is an ascender (positioned entirely above the baseline) or 0 if it is a descender (descending below the baseline). The attribute byte also indicates the amount of white space to the left of the character (0 to 7 dots, specified by bits 4 to 6) and the width of the character cell, including this space

(4 to 15 dots, specified by bits 0 to 3). The left space and cell width attributes are used only in proportional spacing. Each data byte indicates eight vertical dots, with the MSB being the top

dot and the LSB the bottom dot. These correspond to pins 1 to 8 or 2

to 9 of the print head, depending on whether the character is an ascender or descender. For further details, please refer to the Appendix C.

n.2 m0 ml m2 n2 m0 ml m2 n2 m0 ml m2

co> nl 27 38 0 nl 1B 26 00 nl

m3... ml1

Decimal Hexadecimal

m3...mll m3...mll

Define NLQ download characters

Mode

Both

ASCII Decimal Hexadecimal

<ESC> “&” CO> nl 27 38 0 nl 1B 26 00 nl

n2 m0 ml m2

m3... m46

n2 m0 ml m2 n2 m0 ml m2

m3... m46 m3... m46

Defines one or more new NLQ characters and stores them in RAM for later use. DIP switch 2-l must be OFF. NLQ mode must be selected before this command is executed. The parameters are the same as for the draft download character command except that the attribute byte specifies right space instead of character width and the dot density is doubled in each direction, so each character consists of 16 dots vertically and 23 dots horizontally and requires 46 data bytes. Dots defined by ml to m23 are printed on the first pass of the head. Dots defined by m24 to m46 are printed on the second pass, the paper being scrolled up half a dot between the two passes. For further details, please refer to the Appendix C.

Define download characters

? ASCII Decimal Hexadecimal

Modt

<ESC> “=I’ nl n2 21 38 nl n2

IBM

<DC4> a0 al a2 20 a0 al a2 14 a0 al a2

m2 . ..mll

ml m2 . ..mll

Defines one or more new draft characters and stores them in RAM for later use. Draft mode must be selected before this command is executed.

nl and n2 give the number of bytes of character data that will follow. a0 is the character code of the first character defined. al and a2 are at-

tributes bytes. ml to ml1 are the character data, and are the same as in

< ESC > “&.” The attribute byte al indicates whether the character is

an ascender (not using the lowest of the nine vertical dots) or a descender (not using the highest dot) and whether it has a downward extension to

12 dots.

The attribute byte a2 gives proportional-spacing information. Bit 7 is ignored. Bits 4 to 6 specify the offset to the first byte printed (0 to 7), enabling leading spaces in the character to be ignored. Bits 0 to 3 specify the width of the character cell (maximum 11 dots). The character will be followed by a mandatory blank dot column which is not included in this width.

Characters defined by this command can be selected by < ESC > “%”

1, < ESC > “I” 4, < ESC > “I” 5, or < ESC > “I” 6. This command is

ignored when DIP switch 2-l is ON.

1B 26 nl n2

ml m2 . ..mll

Select download character set

Mode ASCII

Both

<ESC> “%” “ 1 ” 21 37 49 IB 25 31 <ESC> “O/O” < 1 > 21 37 1 IB 25 01

Decimal Hexadecimal

Selects the download character set. Ignored when DIP switch 2-l is ON

Select draft download character set

Mode 1 ASCII

IBM

< ESC > “I”

Selects the download character set and draft quality. Ignored if the NLQ Type Style switch was pressed during power-up or if DIP switch 2-l is ON.

"4" 27 73 52

<4>

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 73 4

Select draft elite download character set

Mode

IBM

ASCII

< ESC > “I” “5"

< ESC > “I”

<5> 27 73 5

Selects the download character set, draft quality, and elite pitch (12 cpi).

Ignored if the NLQ Type Style switch was pressed during power-up or

if DIP switch 2-l is ON.

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 73 53

Select NLQ download character set

Mode ASCII

IBM

< ESC > “I”

Selects the download character set and near letter quality. Ignored if the

NLQ Type Style switch was pressed during power-up or if DIP switch

2-l is ON.

“6” 27 73 54 IB 49 36

<6> 27 73 6 1B 49 06

Decimal

1 1B 49 34

1B 49 04

1B 49 35 1B 49 05

Hexadecimal

Select ROM character set

Mode ASCII

Both

< ESC > “O/o” “0” 21 37 48 IB 25 30

<ESC> “yo” co> 21 37 0 1B 25 00

Stops using the download character set and returns to the built-in ROM character set. Ignored when DIP switch 2-1 is ON.

Decimal Hexadecimal

MACRO INSTRUCTION COMMANDS

Define macro instruction

Mode ASCII Decimal Hexadecimal

Both <ESC> “f” ..__ IRS> 27 43 30 1B 2B . IE

Cancels any existing macro instruction and replaces it with the defined instruction. The defined macro instruction consists of the characters between the ” + ” and < RS > . These can be any printable characters or control characters except < RS > , up to a maximum of 16 characters.

Execute macro instruction

Mode 1 ASCII Decimal Hexadecimal

Both

<ESC>

Executes a previously defined macro instruction.

OTHER PRINTER CONTROL COMMANDS Set MSB to 7

Mode ASCII Decimal Hexadecimal

Both 1

<ESC>

Sets the most significant bit of each subsequent byte received to 1, allowing users with a 7-bit interface to access characters with ASCII codes greater than 127.

“ + ”

“ > ”

Cl>

21 43 1 IB 2B 01

21 62

IIB 3E

Set MSB to 0

1 Mode 1 ASCII

IStd. I

IBM

<ESC> -=”

<FS> L‘=”

Sets the most significant bit of each subsequent byte received to 0.

I Decimal

127 61

28 61 1C 3D

Hexadecimal

IlB 3D

Accept MSB as is

Mode ASCII Decimal Hexadecimal

Both <ESC>

Cancels the preceding commands and accepts the most significant bit as it is sent to the printer.

“#”

27 35 1B 23

I I

Delete last character sent

Mode

Both

ASCII

<DEL>

Deletes the last character received. Ignored if the last character received

has already been printed, or if the last character received was ali or part

of a command.

Cancel last line

Mode ASCII

Both

<CAN>

Deletes the last line currently present in the print buffer.

immediate prinl

I Mode I ASCII

Both

< ESC > “i” “ 1” 27 105

< ESC > “i” Cl> 27 105

Selects the immediate print mode, in which the printer prints each character as soon as received. At every pause in the incoming data stream the printer scrolls the paper up about 2 inches so that the current line can be seen. When the next character is received the paper is scrolled back down and printing continues. This command is ignored when friction

feed is used.

Cancel immediate print

Decimal Hexadecimal

127 7F

Decimal Hexadecimal

24 18

I Decimal

49 1B 69 31

Hexadecimal I

1 1B 69 01

Mode ASCII

Both -

< ESC > “i”

Cancels the immediate print mode. The printer waits for each line to be

completed before printing it, and does not scroll the paper up and down.

This command is ignored when friction feed is used.

Set printer off-line

Mode ASCII

Std. <DC3> IBM <ESC>

Sets the printer off-line. The printer disregards all subsequent characters and commands except < DC1 >, which returns it to the on-line state. The printer’s On Line indicator does not go off.

“Q”

“0”

co>

<3>

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 105 48 27 105 0

Decimal Hexadecimal

1B 69 30 1B 69 00

19 13

27 81 3

1B 51 03

Set printer on-line

Mode Both <DC1 > 17 11

ASCII Decimal Hexadecimal

Returns the printer to the on-line state, allowing it to receive and process all subsequent characters and commands. This command is ignored if the printer was set off-line by pressing the On Line switch on the control panel.

Bell

Mode ASCII Decimal Hexadecimal

Both <BEL>

Sounds a brief beep tone from the printer’s beeper.

Bidirectional printing

Mode ASCII Decimal

Both

<ESC> “U” “0”

27 85 48 1B 55 30 27 85 0 1B 55 00

Causes subsequent printing to be done in the normal bidirectional mode, which is faster than unidirectional printing.

Hexadecimal

Unidirectional printing

IModel ASCII

Both I

<ESC> “U” “ I ”

Causes subsequent printing to be done unidirectionally, ensuring maximum vertical alignment precision.

Decimal I Hexadecimal I

27 85 49 IB 55 31 27 85 I 1B 55 01

One-line unidirectional printing

Mode Both <ESC’

ASCII Decimal

‘S < ”

Immediately returns the print head to the left margin, then prints the remainder of the line from left to right. Normal bidirectional printing resumes on the next line.

27 60

Hexadecimal

1B 3C

Manual feed

Mode ASCII

Both

<cc>. . . ( ,, “o”

“)” “)” 40 40

Selects manual sheet feeding even when the optional automatic sheet feeder is mounted. Ignored if DIP switch l-4 is ON (ASF inactive).

Auto feed

Mode ASCII

<ESC> <4~

Both u(., “(3.

“4” “)” “)” 40 40

Selects the automatic sheet feeder. Ignored if DIP switch l-4 is ON (ASF inactive).

Eject paper from ASF

Mode

Both

ASCII

<ESC> “R”

z.(n u(>. “R”

“)” “)” 40 40

Ejects the current page. Ignored if DIP switch l-4 is ON (ASF inactive).

Set print start position on ASF

Mode ASCII

Both ’

<ESC>

<sr csc, “-y

Skips n/6 inches at the top of the page, where n is equal to or greater than

1, Ignored if DIP switch 1-4 is ON (ASF inactive).

“T” n 27 25 84

“)” “)” n 40 40 84

Decimal Hexadecimal

27 25

21 25

0 IB 19 00

48 41 41 28 28 30 29 29

Decimal

4 1B 19 04

52 41 41 28 28 34 .29 29

Decimal Hexadecimal

82 1B 19 52 82 41 41 28 28 52 29 29

Decimal

Hexadecimal

n 1B 19 54 n

41 41 n 28 28 54 29 29 n

Reset printer

Mode

Both

ASCII

<ESC>

Reinitializes the printer. Clears the print buffer and returns settings to their power-up values. Does not clear the input buffer or change ASF selections.

“63”

Decimal

27 64 IB 40

Hexadecimal

Appendix c

DOWNLOAD

CHARACTER GENERATOR

With this printer you can create new characters and symbols, download their dot data, and have them printed in place of selected characters in the regular character set. Characters that can be generated in this way range from simple but useful symbols like the check mark through complex Chinese or Japanese characters.

The process of designing new characters with paper and pencil is somewhat time-consuming. The program listed in this appendix enables you

to do everything on the computer screen.

disk files of character data for downloading when required.

The creation of a car-shaped symbol as a draft character ( 15 ) and

near-letter-quality character ( 6 ) is explained below.

Draft character

ml m? m3 m4 m5 m6 m7 m8 m9 ml0 ml1

128 128

64 64

32 32

16 16

8 8

It also enables you to maintain

ASCII Code 33 Descender Start column End column

m0 = Descender x 128

+ (Start x 16) + End

I I

4 4

2 2

II I III1 III

Dot

data 124 0 66 4 64 36 16 2 I6 12 0

Figure C-l. Car symbol, draft quality

The dot matrix for a draft-quality character is 8 cells high and 11 cells wide. Figure C-l shows the matrix with the car symbol filled in. Note that there are no pairs of horizontally adjacent dots. The pins in the print head cannot fire fast enough to print adjacent dots in the horizontal direction.

To the printer, a draft character is represented by 11 bytes of dot data, one byte for each column. If you are working by hand, you can calculate the data as shown in Figure C-l and enter them via the < ESC > “&” < 0 > printer command. If you use the program in this appendix, proceed as follows.

The program starts by asking whether you want to read characters from an existing tile. If you are going to add the car symbol to a file of download characters you have already generated, answer yes; if you are going to create a new file, answer no. The arrow on the screen toggles between Yes and No when any key except Return is pressed. The Return key enters your choice.

In the same way the program asks you to select Standard or IBM mode and draft or near letter quality, then to confirm whether to continue or start over. Continuing, on the next screen the program asks what character you want to redefine, offering the exclamation mark (!) as a suggestion. If you want to print the car symbol in place of the exclamation mark, press Return.

If you want to assign the car symbol to another character, press the key

of that character.

Next you must choose whether to make the car symbol an ascender or a descender. This determines how the character is seated on the line:

Ascender Cr~4?

Descender ChF:

After you press Return for the ascender/descender choice, the cursor enters the character box. You can move the cursor with the numeric keypad. For example, pressing the “6” key moves to the right; pressing the “3” key moves diagonally down to the right. The function keys control the setting and clearing of dots. After Fl is pressed the cursor clears the dot in each position it is moved to. F3 causes the cursor to set dots. F2 allows the cursor to pass over dots without either setting or clearing them.

In draft mode a dot position is a 2x2 character block with the cursor located in the upper left corner of the block. When a dot is set, a 2x3 block of sharp signs is displayed, partly overlapping the dot position to the right. This reflects the fact that the printer cannot print horizontally adjacent dots. The program automatically censors adjacent dots.

By moving the cursor and pressing the Fl, F2, and F3 keys you can quickly build up the dot pattern. If necessary you can clear all dots by pressing F4 and start over. When the character is complete, press Return to store the dot data in the computer’s memory. The program will clear the character box and ask you to select the next character to design.

When you have finished designing characters, press the F6 key. The program will ask you whether you want to save, download, and print the characters you have designed. If you answer Yes to all three questions, your

characters will be saved on a disk file and downloaded to the printer, and

the entire character set from character 33 (!) to character 126 (-) will be printed out.

At any point while you are selecting or designing characters you can press F5 to skip the current character and proceed to the next character.

The program does not allow you to redefine the space character, or to define any other character as an all-blank character. Nor can you assign character codes less than 33 or greater than 126 to the characters you define.

NLQ character

. ..m23

First ml... pass m24...

12831

Second

.m46

pass

,28 ASCII Code 33

Descender

e4 Left space:

Right space: 0

m0 = Descender x 128

+ (Left x 16) + Right

Dot dr

3ta

1st: 14 33 70 70 126 0 0 0 9 9 6 0

16 I I 0 0 70 39 22 6 6 6

2nd: 26 14 14

32640 0 0 12 12 14 14 14 12

Figure C-2. Car symbol, near letter quality

14 f24 0 64 32

16 0 0 0

If you select near letter quality, the character box is the same size but now has 16 (high) x 23 (wide) dot positions. Each dot is represented by two adjacent sharp signs, occupying its own position and the position to the right. This reflects the fact that the printer still cannot print horizontally adjacent dots, but that even skipping every other dot, the dots appear joined when printed.

A near-letter-quality character is represented by 46 bytes of dot data, two bytes for each column. Near-letter-quality characters are printed in two passes of the print head, the paper scrolling half a dot up between the passes. The first 23 bytes of dot data represent the first pass; the next 23 bytes represent the second pass. In each column the first, third, fifth, . . . dots belong to the first-pass byte and the second, fourth, sixth, . . . dots belong to the second-pass byte.

A maximum of 78 near-letter-quality characters can be defined. The file created by this program contains the following printer com-

mands:

1. < ESC > “:” < 0 > < 0 > < 0 > (standard mode) or < FS > “:” < 0 > < 0 >

< 0 > (IBM mode) to copy the printer’s regular characters into download memory. If you leave a download character undefined, the regular character will be printed.

<ESC> “x” <O> or <ESC> “x”

< 1 > to select draft or near letter

quality.

3. One <ESC> “&” <O> <cc> <cc> <a> <pl> . . . command for each character defined. < cc > is the character code, < a > is the attribute

byte, and <pl > . . . are the 11 (draft) or 46 (near letter quality) bytes of dot data. This program uses only the most significant bit of the attribute byte. It does not set the other bits, which are concerned with proportional spacing.

This program is coded in Microsoft BASIC for IBM-PC. The WIDTH 255 command in line 1010 means infinite line width and prevents the computer from inserting unwanted line feeds in the character data. Some

versions of BASIC do not need the WIDTH command. Check your BASIC manual and make any changes necessary.

1000 ~**tt**.*t.******tt*frt

1010 WIDTH "LPT1:",255 :KEY OFF :CLS

1020 DIM A(126). P(126.23). Q(126.23).

1030 KEY 1, CHR$(7) :KEY 2, CHR$(8)

1040 KEY 4. CHR$(lO)

1050 FOR I-33 TO 126 :A(I)--1 :NEXT I

1060

1070 LOCATE 1.1 :PRINT STRING$(25,621;

PRINT o DOWNLOAD CHARACTER GENERATOR ":STRING$(25.60)

1080

1090

1100 LOCATE 3.1 :PRINT "READ CHARACTERS FROM EXISTING FILE?" 1110 SO$="Yes" :Sl$="No"

I_____ oDen ex.stino file ________---_____________________________--------

1120 1130

LOCATE 4120 1140 INPUT "File name";FI$ 1150 OPEN "R" #l FIB 48 1160

FIELD #1:48'AS A$

I-____ Read 2 initial coma"& -------------------------------------------

1170 1180 GET #l,l 1190 IF MID$(A$,4,1)=E$ THEN IBM-O ELSE IBM--l 1200

IF MID$(A$,3,1)-"0" THEN NLQ-0 ELSE NLQ=-1

1210 IF NLQ THEN WI-23 :HI=16 ELSE WI-11 :HI=8

‘L-.LRea* data for 1 character _---------------___----------------------

1220 1230

FOR CC-33 TO 126 :M=CC-31

GET X1.M :IF LEFT$(A$,lI=CHR$(O) THEN A(CC)=-1 :GOTO 1310

1240 1250 A(CC)=ASC(MID$(A$.2.1)) 1260

FOR Y-l TO WI 1270 P(CC,Y)=ASC(MID$(A$,Y+2.1)) :NEXT Y 1280 IF NLQ-0 THEN 1310 1290 FOR Y-l TO WI 1300 Q(CC,Y)=ASC(MID$(A$.Y+25.1)) :NEXT Y 1310 NEXT CC :CLOSE 1

I_____ Select Std./IBM ____-_-_------__________________________-----------

1320

LOCATE 6.1 :PRINT "SELECT MODE"

1330

SO$="Standard mode (DIP SW. l-6 ON )"

1340 1350 Sl$="IBM mode

S-IBM :PX=7 :PY=l :GOSUB 3020 :IBM=S

1360 1370 IF IBM THEN HD$=R$+":"+STRING5(3.0) ELSE HDS=ES+":"+STRINGS(3.0)

I____- Select Draft,NLQ --------------_-----------------------------------

1380

LOCATE 9.1 :PRINT "SELECT QUALITY"

1390

SO$="Draft quality"

1400

S-NLQ :PX=lO :PY=l :GOSlJB 3020 :NLQ=S

1410

IF NLQ THEN HD$=CHR$(27)+"xl"+HD$ :WI=23 :HI=16 :GOTO 1440

1420

HDB=CHR$(27~+"xO"+HD$ :WI=ll :HI=8

1430 1440 PL$=STRING$(24."+") :HY5=STRING$(24."-") 1450 CC-33 :CH$="!"

I----- Select continue/start O"er -_---_____________-_-----------------*--

1460 1470 LOCATE 12.1 :PRINT "CONTINUE?" 1480 SO$="Continue" 1490 S-O :PX=13 :PY=l :GOSUB 3020 :IF S THEN CLS :GOTO 1070 1500

I===== DRAW BOX =================-========================================

1510 1520 CLS :IF NLQ THEN 1540

LOCATE 1.3 :PRINT

1530

LOCATE 1.3 :PRINT "123456789012345678901234"

1540

1550 LOCATE 2.3 :PRINT "++++++++++++++++++++++++" 1560 FOR N-l TO 16 1570 IF NLQ THEN LOCATE N+2,1 :PRINT RIGHTS(STREfN).1)::GOTO 1590

IF N MOD 2 -1 THEN LOCATE N+2,1 :PRINT RIGKTS(~S((N+1,/2,.1,:

1580 1590 LOCATE N+2,2 :PRINT "I";SPC(24):":" :NEXT N

LOCATE 19.3 :PRINT "++++++++++++++++++++++++"

1600

I____- Select =haracter _--------~~-------~--------~~~~~-------------~--~-

1610 1620

CH$=CHRS(CC) LOCATE 1.40 :PRINT "SELECT CHARACTER l":CHS:"l";

1630 1640

I$=INPUT$(l) :IF u "<I$ AND I$<CHR$l1271 THEN CHS-IS ELSE GOT0 1660

1650

CC-ASCfCHO) LOCATE 1.40 :PRINT "SELECTED CHARACTER : ";CH$;" "

1660

I_____ Ascender or descender? ____-_-------------_____________________-~~-

1670

1680 SO$="Ascender" :Sl$="Descender" 1690 S=(A(CC)=O) :PX=3 :PY=40 :GOSUB 3020 :DES=S

:Sl$="Start over"

DOWNLOAD CHARACTER GENERATOR *.'t*****w*********t*

DT(16.24) :EO=CHRS(271 :RS=CHRS(ZE)

:KEY 5, CHRO(11) :KEY 6. CHR$(12)

:KEY 3, CHR$(9)

:S=-1 :PX=4 :PY=l :GOSUB 3020 :IF S THEN 1320

(DIP SW. l-6 OFF)"

:Sl$="Near letter quality"

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

1 " :GOTO 1550

Star Micronics lC-10 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual