Stahl-electronics HS-500 User Manual

HS-500
Low Noise High Voltage Switch
HS-500_User_Manual_1_41.doc
18 - January2018
Data Sheet & User Manual
Model Number HS-500 Rev. 1.41
Typical Applications:
● beam line electrodes / ion optics
● ion traps
Features:
● fast low noise switches (SPDT style)
● max. 500V switching voltage with TTL/CMOS level control
● 35ns intrinsic rise/fall time
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HS-Series User Manual HS-500, Rev 1.41
www.stahl-electronics.com phone: +49 6242-597-2140, fax: +49 6242 504884
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Safety Hints ………………………………….…………………………………… 3
2. General Information and Overview………………….………………………….. 4
2.1 Purpose and Description of the Device…………………………….. 4
2.2 Functional Principle and Block Diagram…………………………. 4
2.3 Device Variety……………………………………………………… 5
3. Installation ……………………………………………………………………..… 6
3.1 Mechanical and Electrical Installation……………………………… 6
4. Operation and Control Elements ……………………………………………….. 7
4.1 Elements on the front plate………………………………………… 7
4.2 Elements on the rear side..………………………………………… 7
4.3 Output Characteristics……………………………………………… 8
5. Maintenance………………………………………….…………………………. 10
6. Specifications……………………………………………………………………. 11
Declaration of Conformity………………………………………………………………. 12
HS-Series User Manual HS-500, Rev 1.41
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1. Safety Hints
Read all installation, operation, and safety instructions
Prior to operation, thoroughly review all safety, installation, and operating instructions accompanying
this equipment. Rear side switch turns device completely off
If the device is not in use for a longer time, it is
recommended to turn the mains switch at rear side off. This equipment must be connected to an earth safety ground
This product is grounded through the grounding
conductor of the power cord. To avoid electrical
hazard, the grounding conductor must be connected to
protective earth ground. Do not modify the unit Do not make electrical or mechanical modifications to
this unit. Change cabling only when device is off Changing the cabling, when voltages are present at the
outputs can lead to formation of harmful sparks. Do not operate in wet/damp conditions To avoid electric shock hazard, do not operate this
product in wet or damp conditions. Protect the device
from humidity and direct water contact. Beware of external magnetic fields External magnetic fields can impair, damage or even
destroy this device. A maximum external field strength
of no more than B = 5mT is admissible. Having placed
the device at any time into an external magnetic of
bigger B = 5mT (regardless if power was turned on or
off) can lead to severe overheating of the device and
severely increased hazard of fire. Service is to be performed by qualified service persons only
All servicing on this equipment must be carried out by
factory-qualified service personnel only. Do not block chassis ventilation openings Slots and openings in the chassis are provided for
ventilation purposes to prevent overheating of the
equipment and must not be restricted.
All case vents should continuously be cleared in order
to prevent overheating. Operate carefully with respect to risk of electrical shock
This device can produce high voltages at its output
lines, which are harmful in case of direct touch with the
human body or other external circuitry. Care must be
taken to avoid unintentional touching of any output line
to the human body or any devices which might be
endangered by high voltages. Routinely cleaning from dust After long operation, or operation in a dusty
environment it is strongly recommended to have the
internal parts of the device cleaned by the
manufacturer, or an appropriately qualified workshop
in order to reduce the hazard of overheating. No outdoor operation Outdoor operation of the device is not admissible.
HS-Series User Manual HS-500, Rev 1.41
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2. General Information and Overview
2.1 Purpose and Description of the Device
Purpose of the HS series devices is the fast switching of piezo elements, electrodes, electrostatic lenses or beam deflectors, etc. Unlike DC power switches, the outputs expect capacitive loads and only small permanent (continuous) currents. The outputs are optimized for high stability, precision and very low noise. The HS series switches are housed in standard 19-inch rack-mount cases. They are available in single-channel or dual-channels versions. In the dual channel version two completely identical switched are housed inside the same housing. These two switches are completely independent.
fig 2.1: front view of a HS-200/HS-500 device (DUAL version)
2.2 Functional Principle and Block Diagram
The following scheme displays a block diagram of the internal structure and illustrates the functional principle. The control input (BNC socket on front plate) defines the position of the internal high voltage switch, which connects either input A or input B to the output. A digital signal (TTL/CMOS level 0V/5V) may be applied to this control input at a rate between 0Hz (static operation) to 2kHz. A three-position manual switch on the front side allows to override the digital control signal. The high voltage switching elements inside the device are implemented as MOSFET-transistors, allowing fast switching transitions in the order of 100ns and less.
fig 2.2: Block diagram of a HS-200/HS-500 device. Inside the DUAL version, the scheme exists twice, i.e. there are two independent switches.
Unlike high voltage pulse-generators the internal switch circuitry is implemented as fast static switch, which means that the applied control input level defines the (static) switch position as illustrated in the scheme above. The output is connected to the selected input by a (transistor based) resistor. The non­selected input is isolated from the output by a high isolation resistance.
HS-Series User Manual HS-500, Rev 1.41
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Note that the applied supply voltages at inputs A and B must obey a certain order: voltage at input A always needs to be more positive than voltage at input B. In general both input voltages may float up to +/-500V versus the case ground. However, for normal operation the voltage difference (A-B) should not exceed 500V.
Application example: Generation of 10µs-duration positive 500Volt-pulse
The subsequent oscilloscope screen shot shows a typical application example. A control pulse of logic levels (high = 5V, low = 0V) is applied to the control input. High voltage inputs A and B were provided with an external voltage of +250V and -250V respectively. At the edges of the control signal the switch is triggered, and switches from -250V to +250V and after 10µs back. Trace 2 shows the control signal, being used to trigger the switch (trace 2: 5V/div.). A rectangular pulse results with steep slopes and constant-voltage static levels.
fig 2.3: Oscilloscope screen shot of a positive 500V step pulse, t = 10s duration. The lower trace (trace 2) shows the digital control signal, trace 1 (upper trace) the output signal.
2.3. Device Variety
The following devices are currently members of the HS series device family:
HS-200 single or dual version Output voltages of maximum 200V span
1)
HS-500 single or dual version Output voltages of maximum 500V span
1)
HS-1000 single or dual version Output voltages of max. 1000V span
1)
The devices with outputs up to 500V (vs. GND) are provided by default with BNC outputs at their rear side, the other variants with higher voltages have SHV connectors. Voltages are referenced to case ground.
Note
1)
: span is the maximum voltage difference between positive and negative inputs A and B.
HS-Series User Manual HS-500, Rev 1.41
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3. Installation
3.1. Mechanical and Electrical Installation
Positioning: Provide sufficient air cooling of the device and locate in normal horizontal position to allow for defined air convection. Rack mounting into a standard 19” rack is as well possible as resting the device on a table. If mounted in a rack, please make sure that all case vents are permanently cleared in order to prevent overheating.
fig. 3.1: Keep air vents always cleared to ensure sufficient ventilation
Beware of external magnetic fields: Strong external magnetic fields can impair, damage or even destroy this device (e.g. proximity to a superconducting magnet). A maximum external field strength of no more than B = 5mT is admissible. Not observing this important condition can lead to severe overheating of the device and increases the hazard of fire.
Connecting to mains power: Connect the device to the mains power supply (either 220 to 240V ac or 100 to 115V ac, depending on version) by using an appropriate power cord, being properly wired and providing a grounded outlet. The power cord must be suited with respect to possible load currents and should be rated to 2A current. The mains power input is not wide-range rated, either 100…120V or 220…240V need to be connected.
Cabling of voltage outputs: Always provide appropriate and safe cabling when connecting the device to other devices or vacuum/experimental setups. Cabling is preferred using high voltage cable with proper shielding. BNC or SHV connector cables are a suitable choice in order to ensure proper shielding against external noise pickup and in order to provide protective ground for safety reasons. Always be aware about the potential hazard of high electrical voltages to human beings and sensitive objects of all kind (see also safety hints in section 1).
Please note that wiring may only be done when the device is turned off. Connecting a powered­up output to external circuitry can easily cause sparks and electrical discharges. The resulting overvoltages can severely and permanently damage the device itself and also external circuitry.
HS-Series User Manual HS-500, Rev 1.41
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4. Operation and Control Elements
4.1 Elements on the front plate
mains supply Switch 1 Switch 2
switch BNC ext. / manual BNC ext. / manual
fig. 4.1: front plate elements
The front plate contains the control elements of the device. It is powered up after turning on the rear­side mains supply switch and also the power button on the front plate. The Power-on-LED (green) indicates proper operation of the internal circuitry.
fig. 4.2: manual switch, BNC input and LED indicators, showing the switch position and indicating operation (voltage step detector) .
Each channel features a three-position manual switch (fig. 4.2). In upper position the output (rear side) is connected to the high voltage input A, moved into lower position it connects the output to input B. In center position, the control voltage applied to the BNC input, defines the switch state. A high level connects the output with A, low level to B. Standard 5V / 0V signal may be applied to this control input. In practical cases a PC controlled Delay-Gate generator or function generator is often connected here. Switching rates up to 2kHz are supported. The LED indicators on the right hand side show the switch status, indicating which input (A or B) is connected to the output. HS series switch devices after production date dec. 2017 feature also a slope/step detector, which LED lights up upon occurence of positive or negative output steps lager 25V, thus indicating correct functionality.
4.2 Elements on the rear side
fig. 4.3: rear side elements (a dual channel version is shown)
The rear side of the device contains the ventilation elements, 230V supply connector, power on/off switch (with fuses) and the high voltage inputs and outputs.
fig. 4.4: BNC sockets for at inputs and output
Fig. 4.4 shows the BNC sockets for the two DC high voltage supply voltages A, and B and the switch output OUT. Please note that the voltage on input A needs to be more positive compared to the voltage on input B. This is indicated by the plus and minus sign “+” and “-“. In general, both input voltages may reside in the range between -500V and +500V versus GND, but their difference should not
HS-Series User Manual HS-500, Rev 1.41
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exceed 500V. The fuse sockets shown in fig. 4.4 contain safety fuses for the two high voltage inputs. In case extensive currents flow, they may blow. Nominal rating is 0.5 Ampere, fast blow. The inputs A and B can be connected to an appropriate high voltage supply, e.g. to a device of stahl- electronics HV-series. The output is supposed to be connected to capacitive load like switched electrode, piezo element or ion trap. Note that excessive capacitive loads impair the switching speed performance. Nominal loads from 0pF to 300pF can be connected (max. 1.5nF), see next section for waveforms.
4.3 Output Characteristics
Dynamic Response
As soon as the internal switch connects either input A or B to the output, the latter assumes the voltage on the respective input. There is a time constant related to each voltage transition, essentially given by
the internal switch resistance (approx. 145 ), the internal output current limit (approx. 1A) and the capacitive load on the output, including all cables to an experimental setup. In case of BNC cable type one may count about 100pF each meter cable length, therefore extensively long cables should be avoided. The following oscilloscope screen shots show voltage step transitions observed at the output with small (17pF) and larger capacitive loads (250pF) for further illustration.
100V step
fig. 4.5 positive and negative voltage step of 100V with small capacitive load (C = 17pF) at the output, transient rise time (10% to 90% of voltage step size) is in the order of 40ns in each case. The green trace shows the input trigger signal.
200V step
fig. 4.6 (left frame) positive voltage step of 200V (blue trace) with small capacitive load (C = 17pF) at the output; (right frame) negative step of 200V with small capacitive load (C=17pF); transient rise time (10% to 90% of voltage step size) is in the order of 45ns in each case. The green trace shows the input trigger signal.
HS-Series User Manual HS-500, Rev 1.41
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500V step
fig. 4.7 (left frame) positive voltage step of 500V (blue trace) with small capacitive load (C = 17pF) at the output; (right frame) negative step of 500V with small capacitive load (C=17pF); transient rise time (10% to 90% of voltage step size) is in the order of 50ns in each case. The green trace shows the input trigger signal.
500V step with large load
fig. 4.8 (left frame) positive voltage step of 500V (blue trace) with capacitive load of 250pF the output; (right frame) negative step of 500V with same load; transient rise time (10% to 90% of voltage step size) is in the order of 110ns in each case. The green trace shows the input trigger signal. The slower rise/fall times are mainly caused by the internal safety current limit of approx. 1.1 Ampere
Noise and Ripple
In contrast to other devices, based on switched circuit / power switching technology, the HS series devices feature a very low noise level. This makes them specially suited for ion traps, ion sources and low energy beam line applications. Each output exhibits a very low broadband noise (DC to 20MHz) of smaller than 350µV
rms
and a low ripple level (50Hz) smaller 50µV
rms
. In general the outputs are
completely free of parasitic switching spikes in the RF region.
Static Switch Behaviour
In case of low-frequency or static operation, the ‘on’-state serial resistance of input A or B to OUT amounts to approx 190 Ohms, and increases to larger 10 MOhm in the ‘off’ state.
HS-Series User Manual HS-500, Rev 1.41
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5. Maintenance
The HS series high voltage switches are designed for years of reliable operation. Under normal operating conditions, they should not require electrical maintenance, except routine cleaning of dust. If any question should arise, please contact the manufacturer.
Routine cleaning
All ventilation openings should be checked periodically and kept free of dust and other obstructions. A vacuum cleaner may be used to clean these vents when the unit and external voltage sources are powered off. The front panel may be cleaned periodically with a clean cloth and mild alcohol solution, when the unit is powered off. It is recommended to send the device to the manufacturer routinely in 5­year intervals for internal cleaning from dust.
Fire hazard
Please note, that excessive accumulation of dust inside the case of the device can lead to overheating. This, together with possible discharges increases the risk of fire, caused by electrical sparks. Routinely cleaning the device from dust minimizes this risk. It is therefore recommended to send the device to the manufacturer routinely in 5-year intervals for internal cleaning from dust, or to have it cleaned by an accordingly qualified electronical workshop. Environmental conditions containing oil mists (e.g. in proximity to a vacuum pump or mechanical machines) place a severe danger, since inflammable substances may enter the device through the ventilation holes. If in doubt, cleaning by an accordingly qualified electronical workshop or the manufacturer is strongly recommended. An increased hazard of fire can also occur if the device has been (permanently or temporarily) located in proximity to a strong (e.g. superconducting) magnet. A maximum external field of no more than B = 5mT is admissible and must not be exceeded at any time.
6. Specifications
typ. max. Conditions and remarks
Control Input
required drive level 0V and 5V -2V to +6V
vs. GND
TTL/ HC-MOS compatible
threshold 2.4V input impedance vs. GND
2k// 6pF
drive rate / switching rate 2kHz device will inhibit control signals with
considerably higher rates
Output Switch
static resistance from A or B to OUT “on”-state
180 200
I
OUT
< 200mA
isolation resistance from A or B to OUT
>10M
voltage differences from A or B to OUT smaller or equal 500V
leakage currents from A or B to OUT 40nA* 200nA*
voltage differences from A or B to
OUT smaller or equal 500V intrinsic switch capacitance on OUT terminal
80pF
Noise 350µV
rms
f = DC to 10MHz admissible DC current 140mA continuous current admissible pulsed current 1.7A
t < 1.5ms, repetition rate <= 2 Hz internal current limit, shortly at switching instant
1.1A 1.7A
t < 700µs
HS-Series User Manual HS-500, Rev 1.41
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Transfer characteristics
delay from control input to output response 240ns
200V to 500V output step size
(positive or negative going) delay jitter 0.4ns rms T = 25°C +/-1°C max. pulse duration infinite min. pulse duration 6.6µs
35ns capacitive load of 17pF (probehead)Output rise or fall time,
10% to 90% step size
110ns capacitive load of 250pF
Input Voltage Rating
Input A or B vs. GND +/-500V both polarities may be applied vs.
GND Voltage difference from A to B 500V
input A always needs to be on more
positive potential with respect to B Fuse rating 500mA fast fuse replaceable on rear side
Environmental Conditions
Magnetic Field max. 5 mT Storage Temperature -55 C° to +85
C° Operating Humidity & Temperature
noncondensing relative humidity up to 95% between temperatures of +10°C and +35°C. Outdoor operation of the device is not admissible.
Power Supply
AC input voltage 230VACat 50Hz/60Hz or alternatively 110VAC.
The power entry module is EMI/RFI-filtered.
Fuse: medium fast blow 1.0A
Note: Supply voltage needs to be defined at time or ordering.
Power supply input is not wide-range rated (either 230V or 110V).
Power Consumption 2.7W 3.6W
Case Dimensions
19.00” wide x 10” deep x 1 height unit. Front-panel mounting holes are dimensioned for M6 rack configurations
weight approximately 1.2kg
Note *): Inputs A and B feature 1 Gresistors to ground for protection against parasitic charge up. Currents through these protection resistors add to the numbers mentioned above.
HS-Series User Manual HS-500, Rev 1.41
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DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Manufacturer's Name: Dr. Stefan Stahl
- Electronics for Science and Research -
Manufacturer's Address: Kellerweg 23
67582 Mettenheim Germany.
Declares, that the product
Product Name: HS series high voltage switch Model Number: HS-200, HS-500
Product Options: This declaration covers all options of the above product(s)
Conforms with the following European Directives:
The product herewith complies with the requirements of the:
1. Low Voltage Directive 73/73EEC;
2. EMC Directive 89/336/EEC (including 93/68/EEC) and carries the CE Marking accordingly
Mettenheim, 25. Jan. 2017, Dr. Stefan Stahl, CEO
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