ST VNH5050A-E User Manual
Automotive fully integrated H-bridge motor driver
Features
Typ e R
VNH5050A-E
■ Output current: 30 A
■ 3 V CMOS compatible inputs
■ Undervoltage and overvoltage shutdown
■ Overvoltage clamp
■ Thermal shutdown
■ Cross-conduction protection
■ Current and power limitation
■ Very low standby power consumption
■ PWM operation up to 20 KHz
■ Protection against loss of ground and loss of
V
CC
■ Current sense output proportional to motor
DS(on)
50 mΩ max
(per leg)
current
■ Output protected against short to ground and
short to V
■
Package: ECOPACK
CC
®
Description
The VNH5050A-E is a full bridge motor driver
intended for a wide range of automotive
applications. The device incorporates a dual
monolithic high-side driver and two low-side
switches. All switches are designed using
STMicroelectronics
Table 1. Device summary
®
well known and proven
I
V
out
30 A 41 V
ccmax
VNH5050A-E
PowerSSO-36 TP
®
proprietary VIPower
to efficiently integrate on the same die a true
Power MOSFET with an intelligent
signal/protection circuitry. The three dies are
assembled in a PowerSSO-36 TP package on
electrically isolated lead frames. This package,
specifically designed for the harsh automotive
environment offers improved thermal
performance thanks to exposed die pads.
Moreover, its fully symmetrical mechanical design
allows superior manufacturability at board level.
The input signals IN
interface to the microcontroller to select the motor
direction and the brake condition. The DIAG
or DIAG
/ENB, when connected to an external
B
pull-up resistor, enables one leg of the bridge.
Each DIAG
/ENA provides a digital diagnostic
A
feedback signal as well. The normal operating
condition is explained in the truth table. The CS
pin allows monitoring the motor current by
delivering a current proportional to its value when
CS_DIS pin is driven low or left open. When
CS_DIS is driven high, CS pin is in high
impedance condition. The PWM, up to 20 KHz,
allows to control the speed of the motor in all
possible conditions. In all cases, a low level state
on the PWM pin turns off both the LS
switches.
M0 technology that allows
and INB can directly
A
A
and LSB
A
/ENA
Package
Order codes
Tube Tape and reel
PowerSSO-36 TP VNH5050A-E VNH5050ATR-E
December 2011 Doc ID 16009 Rev 10 1/33
www.st.com
1
Contents VNH5050A-E
Contents
1 Block diagram and pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2 Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.4 Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3 Application information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.1 Reverse battery protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4 Package and PCB thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.1 PowerSSO-36 thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.1.1 Thermal calculation in clockwise and anti-clockwise operation in
steady-state mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.1.2 Thermal resistances definition (values according to the PCB heatsink
area) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.1.3 Thermal calculation in transient mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5 Package and packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.1 ECOPACK® packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.2 PowerSSO-36 TP package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.3 PowerSSO-36 TP packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2/33 Doc ID 16009 Rev 10
VNH5050A-E List of tables
List of tables
Table 1. Device summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Table 2. Block description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Table 3. Suggested connections for unused and not connected pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Table 4. Pin definitions and functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Table 5. Pin functions description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Table 6. Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 7. Thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Table 8. Power section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 9. Logic inputs (IN
Table 10. Switching (V
Table 11. Protections and diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Table 12. Current sense (9 V < V
Table 13. Truth table in normal operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 14. Truth table in fault conditions (detected on OUTA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 15. Electrical transient requirements (part 1/3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 16. Electrical transient requirements (part 2/3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 17. Electrical transient requirements (part 3/3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 18. Thermal calculation in clockwise and anti-clockwise operation in steady-state mode . . . . 25
Table 19. Thermal parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Table 20. PowerSSO-36 TP mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table 21. Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
, INB, ENA, ENB, PWM, CS_DIS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
A
=13V, R
CC
CC
= 1.5 Ω) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
LOAD
< 18 V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Doc ID 16009 Rev 10 3/33
List of figures VNH5050A-E
List of figures
Figure 1. Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Figure 2. Configuration diagram (top view) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Figure 3. Current and voltage conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Figure 4. Definition of the delay times measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 5. Definition of the low-side switching times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Figure 6. Definition of the high-side switching times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Figure 7. Definition of dynamic cross conduction current during a PWM operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Figure 8. Definition of delay response time of sense current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Figure 9. Waveforms in full-bridge operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Figure 10. Waveforms in full-bridge operation (continued) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Figure 11. Typical application circuit for DC to 20 kHz PWM operation short circuit protection . . . . . 21
Figure 12. Behavior in fault condition (how a fault can be cleared) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Figure 13. Half-bridge configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 14. Multi-motors configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 15. PowerSSO-36™ PC board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Figure 16. Chipset configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Figure 17. Auto and mutual R
Figure 18. Detailed chipset configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Figure 19. PowerSSO-36 HSD thermal impedance junction ambient single pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Figure 20. PowerSSO-36 LSD thermal impedance junction ambient single pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Figure 21. Thermal fitting model of an H-bridge in PowerSSO-36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Figure 22. PowerSSO-36 TP package dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Figure 23. PowerSSO-36 TP tube shipment (no suffix) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Figure 24. PowerSSO-36 TP tape and reel shipment (suffix “TR”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
vs PCB copper area in open box free air condition . . . . . . . . . . 25
thj-amb
4/33 Doc ID 16009 Rev 10
VNH5050A-E Block diagram and pin description
1 Block diagram and pin description
Figure 1. Block diagram
6
##
V
CC
3)'.!,
#,!-0
SIGNAL
&!5,4
$%4%#4)/.
FAULT
,3!?/6%24%-0%2!452%
LSA_OVERTEMPERATURE
DETECTION
/65
OV + U
0/7%2
,) - ) 4!4 ) /.
POWER
LIMITATION
,3"?/6%24%-0%2!4 52%
LSB_OVERTEMPERATURE
(3"?/6%24%-0%2!452%(3!?/6%24%-0%2!4 52%
6
HSB_OVERTEMPERATUREHSA_OVERTEMPERATURE
V
CLAMP
#,!-0?(3
!
CLAMP_HS
A
$2)6%2
HS
(3
A
!
#522%.4
,)
A
A
!
'.$
-)4!4)/.?!
#,!-0?,3
LS
A
/6%2,/!$
$%4%#4/2?!
GND
!
SOURCE_HS
3/52#%?(3
Table 2. Block description
$2!).?,3
!
DRAIN_LS
!
,3
(3
CURRENT
LIMITATION_A
CLAMP_LS
!
$2)6%2
,3
OVERLOAD
DETECTOR_A
A
!
!
A
DRIVER
HS
DRIVER
LS
,/')#
A
1/K
+
A
DIAGA/ENAINACS CS_DI S PWM INBDIAGB/EN
$)!'!%.!).!#3 # 3?$)3 07- )."$)!'"%.
LOGIC
1/K
+
#,!-0?(3
CLAMP_HS
$2)6%2
DRIVER
HS
(3
B
CURRENT
#522%.4
LIMITATION_B
,)
DRIVER
LS
B
$2)6%
,3
DETECTOR_B
B
"
"
B
"
- )4!4 ) / .? "
CLAMP_LS
#,!-0?,3
2
"
OVERLOAD
/6%2,/!$
$%4%#4/2?"
HS
(3
B
"
LS
B
,3
GND
B
'.$
Name Description
Logic control
Undervoltage/overvoltage
High-side and low-side clamp voltage
High-side and low-side driver
Allows the turn-on and the turn-off of the high-side and the
low-side switches according to the truth table.
Shuts down the device for battery voltage outside the range
(4,5...24V).
Protect the high-side and the low-side switches from high
voltage on the battery line.
Drive the gate of the concerned switch to allow a proper
for the leg of the bridge.
R
DS(on)
Current limitation Limits the motor current in case of short circuit.
High-side and low-side
overtemperature protection
Low-side overload detector
In case of short-circuit with the increase of the junction
temperature, it shuts down the concerned driver to prevent
degradation and to protect the die.
Detects when low-side current exceeds shutdown current
and latches off the concerned low-side.
B
"
SOURCE_HS
3/52#%?(3
DRAIN_LS
$2!).?,3
"
"
("1($'5
B
"
B
"
Fault detection
Power limitation
Signalizes an abnormal condition of the switch (output
shorted to ground or output shorted to battery) by pulling
down the concerned ENx/DIAGx pin.
Limits the power dissipation of the high-side driver inside
safe range in case of short to ground condition.
Doc ID 16009 Rev 10 5/33
Block diagram and pin description VNH5050A-E
Table 3. Suggested connections for unused and not connected pins
INPUTx, PWM
Connection / pin Current sense N.C. SOURCE_HSx DRAIN_LSx
Floating Not allowed X X X X
DIAGx/ENx
CS_DIS
To ground
Through 1 kΩ
resistor
XNot allowed X
Figure 2. Configuration diagram (top view)
GND_A
DRAIN LS
1
A
GND_A
GND_A
GND_A
Slug2
GND_A
GND_A
DRAIN LS
SOURCE HS
SOURCE HS
SOURCE HS
SOURCE HS
SOURCE HS
A
A
A
A
A
V
CC
A
Slug1
INA
ENA/DIAG
A
IN_PWM
NC
18
Slug3
36
19
Through 10 kΩ
resistor
GND_B
DRAIN LS
B
GND_B
GND_B
GND_B
GND_B
GND_B
DRAIN LS
B
SOURCE HS
SOURCE HS
SOURCE HS
SOURCE HS
V
CC
SOURCE HS
IN
B
B
/DIAG
EN
B
CS_DIS
CS
B
B
B
B
B
Table 4. Pin definitions and functions
Pin N° Symbol Function
, Heat
V
13, 24
18 NC Not connected.
15 INA Clockwise input.
16 ENA/DIAGA
17 IN_PWM PWM input.
19 CS Output of current sense.
6/33 Doc ID 16009 Rev 10
CC
slug1
Drain of high-side switches and power supply voltage.
Status of high-side and low-side switches A;
Open drain output.
VNH5050A-E Block diagram and pin description
Table 4. Pin definitions and functions (continued)
Pin N° Symbol Function
20 CS_DIS
21 EN
22 IN
23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 35
B/DIAGB
OUT
Slug3
B
,
Active high CMOS compatible pin to disable current sense
pin.
Status of high-side and low-side switches B;
Open drain output.
B Counter clockwise input.
Heat
Source of high-side switch B / drain of low-side switch B.
30, 31, 32, 33, 34,36 GND_B Source of low-side switch B.
2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14
OUTA, Heat
Slug2
Source of high-side switch A / drain of low-side switch A.
1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 GND_A Source of low-side switch A.
Table 5. Pin functions description
Name Description
V
CC
GND Power ground.
OUT
OUT
IN
A
IN
B
Battery connection.
A
Power connections to the motor.
B
Voltage controlled input pins with hysteresis, CMOS compatible. These two pins
control the state of the bridge in normal operation according to the truth table (brake
to VCC, Brake to GND, clockwise and counterclockwise).
Voltage controlled input pin with hysteresis, CMOS compatible.Gates of low-side
PWM
FETS get modulated by the PWM signal during their on phase allowing speed control
of the motor.
Open drain bidirectional logic pins.These pins must be connected to an external pull
/DIAG
EN
A
ENB/DIAG
up resistor. When externally pulled low, they disable half-bridge A or B. In case of fault
A
detection (thermal shutdown of a high-side FET or excessive on-state voltage drop
B
across a low-side FET), these pins are pulled low by the device (see truth table in fault
condition).
Analog current sense output. This output delivers a current proportional to the motor
CS
current if CS_DIS is low or left open. The information can be read back as an analog
voltage across an external resistor.
CS_DIS Active high CMOS compatible pin to disable the current sense pin.
Doc ID 16009 Rev 10 7/33
Electrical specifications VNH5050A-E
2 Electrical specifications
Figure 3. Current and voltage conventions
I
S
V
I
I
I
INA
INB
ENA
I
ENB
IN
A
IN
B
DIAGA/EN
DIAGB/EN
PWM
I
pw
V
CC
OUT
A
OUT
B
CS_DIS
GND
I
GND
CS
I
CSD
V
V
CSD
SENSE
A
B
I
SENSE
I
OUTB
I
OUTA
V
OUTB
V
OUTA
CC
V
V
INA
INB
V
V
ENA
ENB
V
pw
2.1 Absolute maximum ratings
Table 6. Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
V
I
max
I
I
I
CS_DIS
V
V
Supply voltage + 41 V
CC
DC output current Internally limited A
I
Reverse output current (continuous)
R
Input current (INA and INB pins) +/- 10 mA
I
IN
Enable input current (DIAGA/ENA and DIAGB/ENB pins) +/- 10 mA
EN
PWM Input current +/- 10 mA
pw
CS_DIS input current +/- 10 mA
Current sense maximum voltage VCC-41/+V
CS
Electrostatic discharge
ESD
(Human body model: R = 1.5 kΩ, C = 100 pF)
(1)
25 A
CC
V
2kV
T
Junction operating temperature -40 to 150 °C
c
T
I
GND
Storage temperature -55 to 150 °C
STG
DC reverse ground pin current 200 mA
1. Based on the internal wires capability.
8/33 Doc ID 16009 Rev 10
VNH5050A-E Electrical specifications
2.2 Thermal data
Table 7. Thermal data
Symbol Parameter Max. value Unit
R
thj-case
R
thj-amb
Thermal resistance junction-case (per leg)
HSD 3.7 °C/W
LSD 3.9 °C/W
Thermal resistance junction-ambient See
Figure 17
°C/W
Doc ID 16009 Rev 10 9/33
Electrical specifications VNH5050A-E
2.3 Electrical characteristics
VCC = 9 V up to 18 V; -40 °C < Tj < 150 °C, unless otherwise specified.
Table 8. Power section
Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
R
ONHS
R
ONLS
I
V
CC
S
Operating supply voltage 5.5 18 V
Off-state with all fault cleared
and ENx = 0 (standby)
=INB=PWM=0;
IN
A
T
=25°C; VCC=13V
j
Off-state with all fault cleared
and ENx = 0 (standby)
V
=13V;
CC
=INB=PWM=0;
IN
A
= -40 °C to 150 °C
T
Supply current
j
Off-state (no standby)
=INB=PWM=0;
IN
A
ENx = 5 V;
Tj= -40 °C to 150 °C
On-state:
INA or INB= 5V; no PWM
On-state:
or INB=5V;
IN
A
PWM = 20 kHz
I
= 8.5 A; Tj= -40 °C 17 mΩ
OUT
= 8.5 A; Tj=25°C 26 mΩ
Static high-side
resistance
Static low-side resistance
High-side free-wheeling
f
diode forward voltage
OUT
I
= 8.5 A; Tj= 150 °C 52 mΩ
OUT
I
=8.5A;
OUT
=- 40°C to 150 °C
T
j
I
= 8.5 A; Tj=25°C 20 mΩ
OUT
=8.5A;
I
OUT
=- 40°C to 150 °C
T
j
I
=-8.5A; Tj= 150 °C 0.7 0.9 V
OUT
36µA
10 µA
5mA
36mA
8mA
60 mΩ
40 mΩ
Tj=25°C; VCC=13V;
=ENX=0V
V
I
L(off)
I
RM
High-side off-state output
current (per channel)
Dynamic crossconduction current
OUTX
Tj= 125°C; VCC=13V;
=ENX=0V
V
OUTX
I
= 8.5 A (see
OUT
10/33 Doc ID 16009 Rev 10
Figure 7
03µA
05µA
)1A
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