Typical applications cover off line power supplies
for battery charger adapters, standby power
supplies for TV or monitors, auxiliary supplies for
motor control, etc. The internal control circuit
offers the following benefits:
Large input voltage range on the V
accommodates changes in auxiliary supply
voltage. This feature is well adapted to battery
charger adapter configurations.
Automatic burst mode in low load condition.
Overvoltage protection in HICCUP mode.
DD
pin
The VIPer22A-E combines a dedicated current
mode PWM controller with a high voltage power
MOSFET on the same silicon chip.
VIPer22A-E, VIPer22ADIP-E, VIPer22AS-E Electrical data
1 Electrical data
1.1 Maximum ratings
Stressing the device above the rating listed in the “absolute maximum ratings” table may
cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operating sections of
this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.
Table 2.Absolute maximum rating
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
(2)
(1)
-0.3 ... 730 V
-0.3 ... 400 V
200
1.5
V
kV
V
Switching drain source voltage (TJ = 25 ... 125 °C)
DS(sw)
Start-up drain source voltage (TJ = 25 ... 125 °C)
V
DS(st)
I
Continuous drain current Internally limited A
D
Supply voltage 0 ... 50 V
V
DD
I
Feedback current 3 mA
FB
Electrostatic discharge:
V
Machine model (R = 0 Ω; C = 200 pF)
ESD
Charged device model
Junction operating temperature Internally limited °C
T
J
Case operating temperature -40 to 150 °C
T
C
T
1. This parameter applies when the start-up current source is OFF. This is the case when the VDD voltage
has reached V
2. This parameter applies when the start up current source is on. This is the case when the VDD voltage has
not yet reached V
Storage temperature-55 to 150 °C
stg
and remains above V
DDon
or has fallen below V
DDon
DDoff
.
DDoff.
1.2 Thermal data
Table 3.Thermal data
SymbolParameterSO-8DIP-8Unit
R
thJC
R
thJA
1. When mounted on a standard single-sided FR4 board with 200 mm2 of Cu (at least 35 µm thick) connected
to all DRAIN pins.
shutdown current (See Figure 12 on page 14) 0.9 mA
FB
FB pin input
impedance
Current sense delay
to turn-OFF
= 0 V
V
FB
(See Figure 12 on page 14)
= 0 mA
I
D
(See Figure 12 on page 14)
I
= 0.4 A 200 ns
D
0.56 0.7 0.84 A
1.2 kΩ
tb Blanking time 500 ns
t
ONmin
Minimum turn-ON
time
700 ns
Table 8.Overtemperature section
Symbol Parameter Test conditions MinTypMaxUnit
TSD
T
HYST
Table 9.Typical power capability
Thermal shutdown
temperature
Thermal shutdown
hysteresis
(See Figure 13 on page 14) 140 170 °C
(See Figure 13 on page 14) 40 °C
(1)
Mains type SO-8 DIP-8
European (195 - 265 Vac) 12 W 20 W
US / Wide range (85 - 265 Vac) 7 W 12 W
1. Above power capabilities are given under adequate thermal conditions
Doc ID 12050 Rev 25/21
Page 6
Pin connections and functionVIPer22A-E, VIPer22ADIP-E, VIPer22AS-E
3 Pin connections and function
Figure 2.Pin connection
SOURCE
SOURCE
FB
VDD
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
DRAIN
DRAIN
DRAIN
DRAIN
SO-8DIP-8
Figure 3.Current and voltage conventions
I
DD
I
FB
V
DD
V
FB
VDDDRAIN
FB
CONTROL
VIPer22A
SOURCE
SOURCE
SOURCE
FB
VDD
1
2
3
4
I
D
V
D
8
DRAIN
7
DRAIN
6
DRAIN
5
DRAIN
Table 10.Pin function
Pin NamePin function
Power supply of the control circuits. Also provides a charging current during start up
thanks to a high voltage current source connected to the drain. For this purpose, an
hysteresis comparator monitors the V
V
DD
SOURCEPower MOSFET source and circuit ground reference.
DRAIN
FB
6/21Doc ID 12050 Rev 2
: Voltage value (typically 14.5 V) at which the device starts switching and turns
- V
DDon
off the start up current source.
: Voltage value (typically 8 V) at which the device stops switching and turns on
- V
DDoff
the start up current source.
Power MOSFET drain. Also used by the internal high voltage current source during
start up phase for charging the external VDD capacitor.
Feedback input. The useful voltage range extends from 0 V to 1 V, and defines the
peak drain MOSFET current. The current limitation, which corresponds to the
maximum drain current, is obtained for a FB pin shorted to the SOURCE pin.
voltage and provides two thresholds:
DD
Page 7
VIPer22A-E, VIPer22ADIP-E, VIPer22AS-E Operations
4 Operations
4.1 Rectangular U-I output characteristics
Figure 4.Rectangular U-I output characteristics for battery charger
AC IN
R1
C2
D1
F1
T2
C3
D4
C4
-+
ISO1
U1
C6
FB
VIPerX2A
R7R5R8
R10
C5
C10
D3
VDDDRAIN
CONTROL
SOURCE
R2
U2
R3
C8
TSM101
Vcc
Vref
-
+
GND
T1
C7
D5
+
-
C1
D2
R4
C9
DCOUT
R6
R9
GND
A complete regulation scheme can achieve combined and accurate output characteristics.
Figure 4. presents a secondary feedback through an optocoupler driven by a TSM101. This
device offers two operational amplifiers and a voltage reference, thus allowing the regulation
of both output voltage and current. An integrated OR function performs the combination of
the two resulting error signals, leading to a dual voltage and current limitation, known as a
rectangular output characteristic. This type of power supply is especially useful for battery
chargers where the output is mainly used in current mode, in order to deliver a defined
charging rate. The accurate voltage regulation is also convenient for Li-ion batteries which
require both modes of operation.
Doc ID 12050 Rev 27/21
Page 8
OperationsVIPer22A-E, VIPer22ADIP-E, VIPer22AS-E
4.2 Wide range of VDD voltage
The VDD pin voltage range extends from 9 V to 38 V. This feature offers a great flexibility in
design to achieve various behaviors. In
chosen to supply the device with two benefits:
●As soon as the device starts switching, it immediately receives some energy from the
auxiliary winding. C5 can be therefore reduced and a small ceramic chip (100 nF) is
sufficient to insure the filtering function. The total start up time from the switch on of
input voltage to output voltage presence is dramatically decreased.
●The output current characteristic can be maintained even with very low or zero output
voltage. Since the TSM101 is also supplied in forward mode, it keeps the current
regulation up whatever the output voltage is.The V
the input voltage, that is to say with a ratio of about 4 for a wide range application.
Figure 4 on page 7 a forward configuration has been
pin voltage may vary as much as
DD
4.3 Feedback pin principle of operation
A feedback pin controls the operation of the device. Unlike conventional PWM control
circuits which use a voltage input (the inverted input of an operational amplifier), the FB pin
is sensitive to current. Figure 5. presents the internal current mode structure.
Figure 5.Internal current control structure
8/21Doc ID 12050 Rev 2
Page 9
VIPer22A-E, VIPer22ADIP-E, VIPer22AS-E Operations
The Power MOSFET delivers a sense current Is which is proportional to the main current Id.
R2 receives this current and the current coming from the FB pin. The voltage across R2 is
then compared to a fixed reference voltage of about 0.23 V. The MOSFET is switched off
when the following equation is reached:
R2ISIFB+()⋅0.23V=
By extracting I
Using the current sense ratio of the MOSFET G
:
S
0.23V
--------------- - IFB–=
I
S
R
2
:
ID
0.23V
I
D
GIDIS⋅G
⎛⎞
--------------- - IFB–
⋅==
ID
⎝⎠
R
2
The current limitation is obtained with the FB pin shorted to ground (VFB = 0 V). This leads
to a negative current sourced by this pin, and expressed by:
FB
0.23V
--------------- -–=
R
1
I
By reporting this expression in the previous one, it is possible to obtain the drain current
limitation I
Dlim
:
1
1
I
Dlim
GID0.23V
⋅⋅=
⎛⎞
------ -
------ -+
⎝⎠
R
R
2
1
In a real application, the FB pin is driven with an optocoupler as shown on Figure 5. which
acts as a pull up. So, it is not possible to really short this pin to ground and the above drain
current value is not achievable. Nevertheless, the capacitor C is averaging the voltage on
the FB pin, and when the optocoupler is off (start up or short circuit), it can be assumed that
the corresponding voltage is very close to 0 V.
For low drain currents, the formula (1) is valid as long as IFB satisfies I
I
is an internal threshold of the VIPer22A. If IFB exceeds this threshold the device will
FBsd
stop switching. This is represented on
Figure 12 on page 14, and I
FBsd
FB
< I
FBsd
, where
value is specified in the
PWM COMPARATOR SECTION. Actually, as soon as the drain current is about 12 % of
Idlim, that is to say 85 mA, the device will enter a burst mode operation by missing switching
cycles. This is especially important when the converter is lightly loaded.
Doc ID 12050 Rev 29/21
Page 10
OperationsVIPer22A-E, VIPer22ADIP-E, VIPer22AS-E
Figure 6.IFB transfer function
I
Dpeak
I
Dlim
t
V1⋅
ONmin
-----------------------------------------
L
Part masked by the I
threshold
IN
FBsd
85mA
t
V2⋅
IN
ONmin
-----------------------------------------
L
0
I
FBsd
It is then possible to build the total DC transfer function between I
I
FB
and IFB as shown on
D
Figure 6 on page 10. This figure also takes into account the internal blanking time and its
associated minimum turn on time. This imposes a minimum drain current under which the
device is no more able to control it in a linear way. This drain current depends on the primary
inductance value of the transformer and the input voltage. Two cases may occur, depending
on the value of this current versus the fixed 85 mA value, as described above.
10/21Doc ID 12050 Rev 2
Page 11
VIPer22A-E, VIPer22ADIP-E, VIPer22AS-E Operations
4.4 Startup sequence
Figure 7.Startup sequence
This device includes a high voltage start up current source connected on the drain of the
device. As soon as a voltage is applied on the input of the converter, this start up current
source is activated as long as V
is lower than V
DD
. When reaching V
DDon
, the start up
DDon
current source is switched OFF and the device begins to operate by turning on and off its
main power MOSFET. As the FB pin does not receive any current from the optocoupler, the
device operates at full current capacity and the output voltage rises until reaching the
regulation point where the secondary loop begins to send a current in the optocoupler. At
this point, the converter enters a regulated operation where the FB pin receives the amount
of current needed to deliver the right power on secondary side.
This sequence is shown in
consumes some energy from the V
Figure 7. Note that during the real starting phase t
capacitor, waiting for the auxiliary winding to provide a
DD
, the device
ss
continuous supply. If the value of this capacitor is too low, the start up phase is terminated
before receiving any energy from the auxiliary winding and the converter never starts up.
This is illustrated also in the same figure in dashed lines.
Doc ID 12050 Rev 211/21
Page 12
OperationsVIPer22A-E, VIPer22ADIP-E, VIPer22AS-E
4.5 Overvoltage threshold
An overvoltage detector on the VDD pin allows the VIPer22A to reset itself when VDD
exceeds V
overvoltage event. Note that this event is only latched for the time needed by V
V
, and then the device resumes normal operation automatically.
DDoff
Figure 8.Overvoltage sequence
. This is illustrated in Figure 8. which shows the whole sequence of an
The drain current limitation is
obtained for VFB = 0 V, and a
negative current is drawn from
the FB pin. See the Application
section for further details.
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
ECOPACK
specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com.
ECOPACK is an ST trademark.
®
packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK®
16/21Doc ID 12050 Rev 2
Page 17
VIPer22A-E, VIPer22ADIP-E, VIPer22AS-E Package mechanical data
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