ST uPSD3422E-40T6, uPSD3422EV-40T6, uPSD3422E-40U6, uPSD3422EV-40U6, uPSD3433E-40T6 User Manual

...

Download

查询UPSD3422供应商

Fast Turbo 8032 MCU with USB and Programmable Logic

FEATURES SUMMARY

■ FAST 8-BIT TURBO 8032 MCU, 40MHz

– Advanced core, 4-clocks per instruction – 10 MIPs peak performance at 40MHz (5V) – JTAG Debug and In-System

Programming

– 16-bit internal instruction path fetches

double-byte instruction in a single memory cycle

– Branch Cache & 4 instruction Prefetch

Queue

– Dual XDATA pointers with automatic

increment and decrement

– Compatible with 3rd party 8051 tools

■ DUAL FLASH MEMORIES WITH MEMORY

MANAGEMENT – Place either memory into 8032 program

address space or data address space

– READ-while-WRITE operation for In-

Application Programming and EEPROM

emulation – Single voltage program and erase – 100K guaranteed erase cycles, 15-year

retention

■ CLOCK, RESET, AND POWER SUPPLY

MANAGEMENT – SRAM is Battery Backup capable – Flexible 8-level CPU clock divider register – Normal, Idle, and Power Down Modes – Power-on and Low Voltage reset

supervisor – Programmable Watchdog Timer

■ PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC, GENERAL

PURPOSE – 16 macrocells for logic applications (e.g.,

shifters, state machines, chip-selects,

glue-logic to keypads, and LCDs)

■ A/D CONVERTER

– Eight Channels, 10-bit resolution, 6µs

uPSD34xx

Turbo Plus Series

PRELIMINARY DATA

Figure 1. Packages

TQFP52 (T), 52-lead, Thin, Quad, Flat

TQFP80 (U), 80-lead, Thin, Quad, Flat

■ COMMUNICATION INTERFACES

– USB v2.0 Full Speed (12Mbps)

10 endpoint pairs (In/Out), each endpoint with 64-byte FIFO (supports Control, Intr, and Bulk transfer types)

C Master/Slave controller, 833kHz

–I – SPI Master controller, 1MHz – Two UARTs with independent baud rate – IrDA Potocol: up to 115 kbaud – Up to 46 I/O, 5V tolerant uPSD34xxV

■ TIMERS AND INTERRUPTS

– Three 8032 standard 16-bit timers – Programmable Counter Array (PCA), six

16-bit modules for PWM, CAPCOM, and

timers – 8/10/16-bit PWM operation – 12 Interrupt sources with two external

interrupt pins

■ OPERATING VOLTAGE SOURCE (±10%)

– 5V Devices: 5.0V and 3.3V sources – 3.3V Devices: 3.3V source

Rev 2.0

March 2005

This is preliminary information on a new product now in development or undergoing evaluation. Details are subject to change without notice.

1/264

uPSD34xx - FEATURES SUMMARY

Table 1. Device Summary

1st

Part Number Max MHz

Flash

(bytes)

uPSD3422E-40T6 40 64K 32K 4K 35 No 3.3V 5.0V TQFP52

uPSD3422EV-40T6 40 64K 32K 4K 35 No 3.3V 3.3V TQFP52

uPSD3422E-40U6 40 64K 32K 4K 46 Yes 3.3V 5.0V TQFP80

uPSD3422EV-40U6 40 64K 32K 4K 46 Yes 3.3V 3.3V TQFP80

uPSD3433E-40T6 40 128K 32K 8K 35 No 3.3V 5.0V TQFP52

uPSD3433EV-40T6 40 128K 32K 8K 35 No 3.3V 3.3V TQFP52

uPSD3433E-40U6 40 128K 32K 8K 46 Yes 3.3V 5.0V TQFP80

uPSD3433EV-40U6 40 128K 32K 8K 46 Yes 3.3V 3.3V TQFP80

uPSD3434E-40T6 40 256K 32K 8K 35 No 3.3V 5.0V TQFP52

uPSD3434EV-40T6 40 256K 32K 8K 35 No 3.3V 3.3V TQFP52

uPSD3434E-40U6 40 256K 32K 8K 46 Yes 3.3V 5.0V TQFP80

uPSD3434EV-40U6 40 256K 32K 8K 46 Yes 3.3V 3.3V TQFP80

Note: Operating temperature is in the Industrial range (–40°C to 85°C).

2nd

Flash

SRAM GPIO

8032

Bus

Pkg.

2/264

uPSD34xx - TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATURES SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

SUMMARY DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

PIN DESCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

MEMORY ORGANIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Internal Memory (MCU Module, Standard 8032 Memory: DATA, IDATA, SFR) . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

External Memory (PSD Module: Program memory, Data memory). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

8032 MCU CORE PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Pre-Fetch Queue (PFQ) and Branch Cache (BC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

PFQ Example, Multi-cycle Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Aggregate Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

MCU MODULE DISCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

8032 MCU REGISTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Stack Pointer (SP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Data Pointer (DPTR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Program Counter (PC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Accumulator (ACC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

B Register (B). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

General Purpose Registers (R0 - R7). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Program Status Word (PSW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS (SFR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

8032 ADDRESSING MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Register Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Direct Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Register Indirect Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Immediate Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

External Direct Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

External Indirect Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Indexed Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Relative Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Absolute Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Long Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Bit Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

3/264

uPSD34xx - TABLE OF CONTENTS

uPSD34xx INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

DUAL DATA POINTERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Data Pointer Control Register, DPTC (85h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Data Pointer Mode Register, DPTM (86h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

DEBUG UNIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

INTERRUPT SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Individual Interrupt Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

MCU CLOCK GENERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

MCU_CLK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

PERIPH_CLK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

POWER SAVING MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Idle Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Power-down Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Reduced Frequency Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

OSCILLATOR AND EXTERNAL COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

I/O PORTS of MCU MODULE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

MCU Port Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

MCU BUS INTERFACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

PSEN Bus Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

READ or WRITE Bus Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Connecting External Devices to the MCU Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Programmable Bus Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Controlling the PFQ and BC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

SUPERVISORY FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

External Reset Input Pin, RESET_IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Low V

Voltage Detect, LVD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Power-up Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

JTAG Debug Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Watchdog Timer, WDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

STANDARD 8032 TIMER/COUNTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Standard Timer SFRs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Clock Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

SFR, TCON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

SFR, TMOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Timer 0 and Timer 1 Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Timer 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

4/264

uPSD34xx - TABLE OF CONTENTS

SERIAL UART INTERFACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

UART Operation Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Serial Port Control Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

UART Baud Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

More About UART Mode 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

More About UART Mode 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

More About UART Modes 2 and 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

IrDA INTERFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Baud Rate Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Pulse Width Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

C INTERFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

I2C Interface Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Communication Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Bus Arbitration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Clock Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

General Call Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Serial I/O Engine (SIOE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

C Interface Control Register (S1CON) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

C Interface Status Register (S1STA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

I2C Data Shift Register (S1DAT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

C Address Register (S1ADR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

C START Sample Setting (S1SETUP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

C Operating Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

SPI (SYNCHRONOUS PERIPHERAL INTERFACE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

SPI Bus Features and Communication Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Full-Duplex Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Bus-Level Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

SPI SFR Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

SPI Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Dynamic Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

USB INTERFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Basic USB Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Types of Transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Endpoint FIFOs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

USB Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Typical Connection to USB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTOR (ADC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Port 1 ADC Channel Selects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

5/264

uPSD34xx - TABLE OF CONTENTS

PROGRAMMABLE COUNTER ARRAY (PCA) WITH PWM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

PCA Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

PCA Clock Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Operation of TCM Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Capture Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Timer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Toggle Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

PWM Mode - (X8), Fixed Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

PWM Mode - (X8), Programmable Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

PWM Mode - Fixed Frequency, 16-bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

PWM Mode - Fixed Frequency, 10-bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Writing to Capture/Compare Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Control Register Bit Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

TCM Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

PSD MODULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

PSD Module Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Memory Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

PSD Module Data Bus Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Runtime Control Register Definitions (csiop). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

PSD Module Detailed Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

PSD Module Reset Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

AC/DC PARAMETERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

MAXIMUM RATING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

DC AND AC PARAMETERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

PACKAGE MECHANICAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

PART NUMBERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

IMPORTANT NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

USB Interrupts with Idle Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

USB Reset Interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

USB Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Data Toggle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

USB FIFO Accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Erroneous Resend of Data Packet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

IN FIFO Pairing Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

PORT 1 Not 5-volt IO Tolerant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

REVISION HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

6/264

SUMMARY DESCRIPTION

The Turbo Plus uPSD34xx Series combines a powerful 8051-based microcontroller with a flexible memory structure, programmable logic, and a rich peripheral mix to form an ideal embedded controller. At its core is a fast 4-cycle 8032 MCU with a 4-byte instruction prefetch queue (PFQ) and a 4-entry fully associative branching cache (BC). The MCU is connected to a 16-bit internal instruction path to maximize performance, enabling loops of code in smaller localities to execute extremely fast. The 16-bit wide instruction path in the Turbo Plus Series allows double-byte instructions to be fetched from memory in a single memory cycle. This keeps the average performance near its peak performance (peak performance for 5V, 40MHz Turbo Plus uPSD34xx is 10 MIPS for single-byte instructions, and average performance will be approximately 9 MIPS for mix of single- and multibyte instructions).

USB 2.0 (full speed, 12Mbps) is included, providing 10 endpoints, each with its own 64-byte FIFO to maintain high data throughput. Endpoint 0 (Control Endpoint) uses two of the 10 endpoints for In and Out directions, the remaining eight endpoints may be allocated in any mix to either type of transfers: Bulk or Interrupt.

Code development is easily managed without a hardware In-Circuit Emulator by using the serial

uPSD34xx - SUMMARY DESCRIPTION

JTAG debug interface. JTAG is also used for InSystem Programming (ISP) in as little as 10 seconds, perfect for manufacturing and lab development. The 8032 core is coupled to Programmable System Device (PSD) architecture to optimize the 8032 memory structure, offering two independent banks of Flash memory that can be placed at virtually any address within 8032 program or data address space, and easily paged beyond 64K bytes using on-chip programmable decode logic.

Dual Flash memory banks provide a robust solution for remote product updates in the field through In-Application Programming (IAP). Dual Flash banks also support EEPROM emulation, eliminating the need for external EEPROM chips.

General purpose programmable logic (PLD) is included to build an endless variety of glue-logic, saving external logic devices. The PLD is configured using the software development tool, PSDsoft Express, available from the web at www.st.com/psm, at no charge.

The uPSD34xx also includes supervisor functions such as a programmable watchdog timer and lowvoltage reset.

Note: For a list of known limitations of the uPSD34xx devices, please refer to IMPORTANT

NOTES, page 262.

7/264

uPSD34xx - SUMMARY DESCRIPTION

Figure 2. Block Diagram

(3) 16-bit

Timer/

Counters

(2)

External

Interrupts

P3.0:7

P1.0:7

Optional IrDA

Encoder/Decoder

Turbo

8032 Core

I2C

UART0

(8) GPIO, Port 3

(8) GPIO, Port 1

(8) 10-bit ADC

PFQ

UART1

uPSD34xx

Programmable

SYSTEM BUS

Decode and

Page Logic

General

Purpose

Logic,

16 Macrocells

JTAG ICE and ISP

1st Flash Memory:

64K, 128K, or

256K Bytes

2nd Flash Memory:

32K Bytes

SRAM:

4K or 8K Bytes

(8) GPIO, Port A

(80-pin only)

(8) GPIO, Port B

(2) GPIO, Port D

(4) GPIO, Port C

PA0:7

PB0:7

PD1:2

PC0:7

P4.0:7

USB+,

USB–

SPI

16-bit PCA

(6) PWM, CAPCOM, TIMER

(8) GPIO, Port 4

USB v2.0,

Full Speed

FIFOs

8032 Address/Data/Control Bus

(80-pin device only)

Supervisor:

Watchdog and Low-Voltage Reset

VCC, VDD, GND, Reset, Crystal In

MCU

Bus

Dedicated

Pins

AI09695

8/264

PIN DESCRIPTIONS

Figure 3. TQFP52 Connections

uPSD34xx - PIN DESCRIPTIONS

/ADC7

(2)

PB6

(2)

PB7

P1.7/SPISEL

(3)

REF

PB5

GND

PB0

PB1

PB2

PB3

PB4

RESET_IN

52515049484746454443424140

/ADC6

P1.6/SPITXD

PD1/CLKIN

PC7

JTAG TDO

JTAG TDI

DEBUG

3.3V V

USB+

GND

USB–

PC2/V

STBY

JTAG TCK

JTAG TMS

(2)

/ADC1

/ADC0

/ADC5

/ADC4

(2)

/ADC3

(2)

/ADC2

(1)

39 P1.5/SPIRXD

38 P1.4/SPICLK

37 P1.3/TXD1(IrDA)

36 P1.2/RXD1(IrDA)

35 P1.1/T2X

34 P1.0/T2

(1)

33 V

32 XTAL2

31 XTAL1

30 P3.7/SCL

29 P3.6/SDA

28 P3.5/C1

27 P3.4/C0

14151617181920212223242526

GND

TXD0/P3.1

/TCM4/P4.5

/TCM5/P4.6

/TCM3/P4.4

(2)

SPITXD

SPIRXD

(2)

SPICLK

/PCACLK1/P4.7

(2)

SPISEL

/TCM2/P4.2

(2)

/PCACLK0/P4.3

(2)

RXD1(IrDA)

TXD1(IrDA)

RXD0/P3.0

/TCM1/P4.1

/TCM0/P4.0

(2)

T2X

EXTINT0/TG0/P3.2

EXTINT1/TG1/P3.3

AI09696

Note: 1. For 5V applications, VDD must be connected to a 5.0V source. For 3.3V applications, VDD must be connected to a 3.3V source.

2. These signals can be used on one of two different ports (Port 1 or Port 4) for flexibility. Default is Port1.

3. AV

and 3.3V AVCC are shared in the 52-pin package only. ADC channels must use 3.3V as AV

REF

for the 52-pin package.

REF

9/264

uPSD34xx - PIN DESCRIPTIONS

Figure 4. TQFP80 Connections

SPISEL

SPITXD

PD2/CSI

P3.3/TG1/EXINT1

PD1/CLKIN

ALE

PC7

JTAG TDO

JTAG TDI

DEBUG

PC4/TERR

3.3V V

USB+

GND

USB–

PC3/TSTAT

PC2/V

STBY

JTAG TCK

(2)

/PCACLK1/P4.7

(2)

/TCM5/P4.6

JTAG TMS

/ADC7

(3)

PB0

P3.2/EXINT0/TG0

PB1

P3.1/TXD0

PB2

P3.0/RXD0

PB3

PB4

PB5

REF

GND

RESET_IN

PB6

PB7RDP1.7/SPISEL

80797877767574737271706968676665646362

(1)

(2)

/ADC6

(3)

PSENWRP1.6/SPITXD

60 P1.5/SPIRXD

59 P1.4/SPICLK

58 P1.3/TXD1(IrDA)

57 NC

56 P1.2/RXD1(IrDA)

55 NC

54 P1.1/T2X

53 NC

52 P1.0/T2

51 NC

50 V

49 XTAL2

48 XTAL1

47 MCU AD7

46 P3.7/SCL

45 MCU AD6

44 P3.6/SDA

43 MCU AD5

42 P3.5/C1

41 MCU AD4

(3)

/ADC5

(3)

/ADC4

(3)

/ADC3

(3)

/ADC2

(3)

/ADC1

(3)

/ADC0

(1)

21222324252627282930313233343536373839

PA7

PA6

/TCM4/P4.5

(2)

SPIRXD

PA5

/TCM3/P4.4

(2)

SPICLK

PA3

PA4

/PCACLK0/P4.3

(2)

GND

PA2

/TCM1/P4.1

/TCM2/P4.2

(2)

T2X

PA1

PA0

/TCM0/P4.0

(2)

MCU AD0

MCU AD1

MCU AD2

RXD1(IrDA)

TXD1(IrDA)

Note: NC = Not Connected Note: 1. The USB+ pin needs a 1.5kΩ pull-up resistor.

2. For 5V applications, V

3. These signals can be used on one of two different ports (Port 1 or Port 4) for flexibility. Default is Port1.

must be connected to a 5.0V source. For 3.3V applications, VDD must be connected to a 3.3V source.

10/264

P3.4/C0

MCU AD3

AI09697

uPSD34xx - PIN DESCRIPTIONS

Table 2. Pin Definitions

Function

Timer 2 Count input (T2)

Timer 2 Trigger input (T2X)

UART1 or IrDA Receive (RxD1)

UART or IrDA Transmit (TxD1)

SPI Clock Out (SPICLK)

SPI Receive (SPIRxD)

SPI Transmit (SPITxD)

SPI Slave Select (SPISEL)

UART0 Receive (RxD0)

UART0 Transmit (TxD0)

Interrupt 0 input (EXTINT0)/Timer 0 gate control (TG0)

Interrupt 1 input (EXTINT1)/Timer 1 gate control (TG1)

C Bus serial data

CSDA)

C Bus clock

CSCL)

Program Counter Array0 PCA0-TCM0

Port Pin

Signal

Name

80-Pin

No.

52-Pin

(1)

No.

In/Out

Basic Alternate 1 Alternate 2

External Bus

MCUAD0 AD0 36 N/A I/O

Multiplexed Address/ Data bus A0/D0

MCUAD1 AD1 37 N/A I/O

MCUAD2 AD2 38 N/A I/O

MCUAD3 AD3 39 N/A I/O

MCUAD4 AD4 41 N/A I/O

MCUAD5 AD5 43 N/A I/O

MCUAD6 AD6 45 N/A I/O

MCUAD7 AD7 47 N/A I/O

P1.0

P1.1

P1.2

P1.3

P1.4

P1.5

P1.6

P1.7

ADC0

T2X

ADC1

RxD1

ADC2

TXD1

ADC3

SPICLK

ADC4

SPIRxD

ADC6

SPITXD

ADC6

SPISEL

ADC7

52 34 I/O General I/O port pin

54 35 I/O General I/O port pin

56 36 I/O General I/O port pin

58 37 I/O General I/O port pin

59 38 I/O General I/O port pin

60 39 I/O General I/O port pin

61 40 I/O General I/O port pin

64 41 I/O General I/O port pin

Multiplexed Address/ Data bus A1/D1

Multiplexed Address/ Data bus A2/D2

Multiplexed Address/ Data bus A3/D3

Multiplexed Address/ Data bus A4/D4

Multiplexed Address/ Data bus A5/D5

Multiplexed Address/ Data bus A6/D6

Multiplexed Address/ Data bus A7/D7

P3.0 RxD0 75 23 I/O General I/O port pin

P3.1 TXD0 77 24 I/O General I/O port pin

P3.2

EXINT0

TGO

79 25 I/O General I/O port pin

P3.3 INT1 2 26 I/O General I/O port pin

P3.4 C0 40 27 I/O General I/O port pin Counter 0 input (C0)

P3.5 C1 42 28 I/O General I/O port pin Counter 1 input (C1)

P3.6 SDA 44 29 I/O General I/O port pin

P3.7 SCL 46 30 I/O General I/O port pin

P4.0

TCM0

33 22 I/O General I/O port pin

ADC Channel 0 input (ADC0)

ADC Channel 1 input (ADC1)

ADC Channel 2 input (ADC2)

ADC Channel 3 input (ADC3)

ADC Channel 4 input (ADC4)

ADC Channel 5 input (ADC5)

ADC Channel 6 input (ADC6)

ADC Channel 7 input (ADC7)

Timer 2 Count input (T2)

11/264

uPSD34xx - PIN DESCRIPTIONS

Port Pin

P4.1

P4.2

P4.3

P4.4

P4.5

Signal

Name

T2X

TCM1

RXD1 TCM2

TXD1

PCACLK0

SPICLK

TCM3

SPIRXD

TCM4

80-Pin

No.

52-Pin

No.

(1)

In/Out

Basic Alternate 1 Alternate 2

31 21 I/O General I/O port pin PCA0-TCM1

30 20 I/O General I/O port pin PCA0-TCM2

27 18 I/O General I/O port pin PCACLK0

25 17 I/O General I/O port pin

Program Counter Array1 PCA1-TCM3

23 16 I/O General I/O port pin PCA1-TCM4

P4.6 SPITXD 19 15 I/O General I/O port pin PCA1-TCM5

P4.7

REF

PSEN

ALE 4 N/A O

RESET_IN

XTAL1 48 31 I

XTAL2 49 32 O

DEBUG 8 5 I/O

SPISEL

PCACLK1

18 14 I/O General I/O port pin PCACLK1

70 N/A I

65 N/A O

62 N/A O

63 N/A O

Reference Voltage input for ADC

READ Signal, external bus

WRITE Signal, external bus

PSEN Signal, external bus

Address Latch signal, external bus

68 44 I

Active low reset input

Oscillator input pin for system clock

Oscillator output pin for system clock

I/O to the MCU

Debug Unit PA0 35 N/A I/O General I/O port pin

PA1 34 N/A I/O General I/O port pin PA2 32 N/A I/O General I/O port pin

PA3 28 N/A I/O General I/O port pin PA4 26 N/A I/O General I/O port pin

PA5 24 N/A I/O General I/O port pin PA6 22 N/A I/O General I/O port pin

PA7 21 N/A I/O General I/O port pin PB0 80 52 I/O General I/O port pin

PB1 78 51 I/O General I/O port pin

PB2 76 50 I/O General I/O port pin PB3 74 49 I/O General I/O port pin

PB4 73 48 I/O General I/O port pin PB5 71 46 I/O General I/O port pin

PB6 67 43 I/O General I/O port pin PB7 66 42 I/O General I/O port pin

JTAGTMS TMS 20 13 I JTAG pin (TMS) JTAGTCK TCK 17 12 I JTAG pin (TCK)

Function

Timer 2 Trigger input (T2X)

UART1 or IrDA Receive (RxD1)

UART1 or IrDA Transmit (TxD1)

SPI Clock Out (SPICLK)

SPI Receive (SPIRxD)

SPI Transmit (SPITxD)

SPI Slave Select (SPISEL)

All Port A pins support:

1. PLD Macro-cell outputs, or

2. PLD inputs, or

3. Latched Address Out (A0-A7), or

4. Peripheral I/O Mode

All Port B pins support:

1. PLD Macro-cell outputs, or

2. PLD inputs, or

3. Latched Address Out (A0-A7)

12/264

uPSD34xx - PIN DESCRIPTIONS

Port Pin

PC2

Signal

Name

STBY

80-Pin

No.

52-Pin

No.

(1)

In/Out

Basic Alternate 1 Alternate 2

16 11 I/O General I/O port pin

PC3 TSTAT 15 N/A I/O General I/O port pin

PC4 TERR

9 N/A I/O General I/O port pin

JTAGTDI TDI 7 4 I JTAG pin (TDI)

JTAGTDO TDO 6 3 O JTAG pin (TDO)

PC7 5 2 I/O General I/O port pin

PD1 CLKIN 3 1 I/O General I/O port pin

PD2 CSI 1 N/A I/O General I/O port pin

USB D+ pin; 1.5kΩ

USB+ 11 7 I/O

pull-up resistor is required.

USB– 14 10 I/O USB D– pin

3.3V-V

3.3V or 5V

10 6

72 47

12 8

50 33

- MCU Module

Analog V

- PSD Module

- 3.3V for 3V

- 5V for 5V

- PSD Module

- 3.3V for 3V

- 5V for 5V

GND 13 9

GND 29 19 GND 69 45

NC 11 N/A

Note: 1. N/A = Signal Not Available on 52-pin package.

N/A

Input

Function

SRAM Standby

voltage input

)

STBY

Optional JTAG

Status (TSTAT)

Optional JTAG Status (TERR

PLD Macrocell

output, or PLD input

PLD, Macrocell

output, or PLD input

PLD, Macrocell

)

output, or PLD input

PLD, Macrocell

output, or PLD input

1. PLD I/O

2. Clock input to PLD and APD

1. PLD I/O

2. Chip select ot PSD Module

13/264

uPSD34xx - HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

The uPSD34xx has a modular architecture built from a stacked die process. There are two die, one is designated “MCU Module” in this document, and the other is designated “PSD Module” (see Figure

5., page 15). In all cases, the MCU Module die op-

erates at 3.3V with 5V tolerant I/O. The PSD Module is either a 3.3V die or a 5V die, depending on the uPSD34xx device as described below.

The MCU Module consists of a fast 8032 core, that operates with 4 clocks per instruction cycle, and has many peripheral and system supervisor functions. The PSD Module provides the 8032 with multiple memories (two Flash and one SRAM) for program and data, programmable logic for address decoding and for general-purpose logic, and additional I/O. The MCU Module communicates with the PSD Module through internal address and data busses (AD0 – AD15) and control signals

, WR, PSEN, ALE, RESET).

(RD There are slightly different I/O characteristics for

each module. I/Os for the MCU module are designated as Ports 1, 3, and 4. I/Os for the PSD Module are designated as Ports A, B, C, and D.

For all 5V uPSD34xx devices, a 3.3V MCU Module is stacked with a 5V PSD Module. In this case, a 5V uPSD34xx device must be supplied with

3.3V PSD Module. Ports 3 and 4 of the MCU Module are 3.3V ports with tolerance to 5V devices (they can be directly driven by external 5V devices and they can directly drive external 5V devices while

for the MCU Module and 5.0VDD for the

producing a V

of 2.4V min and VCC max). Ports

A, B, C, and D of the PSD Module are true 5V ports.

For all 3.3V uPSD34xxV devices, a 3.3V MCU Module is stacked with a 3.3V PSD Module. In this case, a 3.3V uPSD34xx device needs to be supplied with a single 3.3V voltage source at both V

and VDD. I/O pins on Ports 3 and 4 are 5V tolerant and can be connected to external 5V peripherals devices if desired. Ports A, B, C, and D of the PSD Module are 3.3V ports, which are not tolerant to external 5V devices.

Refer to Table 3 for port type and voltage source requirements.

80-pin uPSD34xx devices provide access to 8032 address, data, and control signals on external pins to connect external peripheral and memory devices. 52-pin uPSD34xx devices do not provide access to the 8032 system bus.

All non-volatile memory and configuration portions of the uPSD34xx device are programmed through the JTAG interface and no special programming voltage is needed. This same JTAG port is also used for debugging of the 8032 core at runtime providing breakpoint, single-step, display, and trace features. A non-volatile security bit may be programmed to block all access via JTAG interface for security. The security bit is defeated only by erasing the entire device, leaving the device blank and ready to use again.

Table 3. Port Type and Voltage Source Combinations

Device Type

5V: uPSD34xx

3.3V: uPSD34xxV

14/264

for MCU

Module

3.3V 5.0V

3.3V 3.3V

VDD for PSD

Module

Ports 1, 3, and 4 on MCU

3.3V (Ports 3 and 4 are

Module

5V tolerant)

Ports A, B, C, and D on

PSD Module

3.3V. NOT 5V tolerant

Figure 5. Functional Modules

uPSD34xx - HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

XTAL

Clock Unit

Die-to-Die Bus

8-Bit/16-Bit

Port 3 - UART0,

Intr, Timers

Turbo 8032 Core

Dual

UARTs

Inte rrupt

256 Byte SRAM

Dedicated Memory

Interface Prefetch,

Branch Cache

Enha nce d MCU Interface

PSD Page Register

Dec ode P LD

JTAG ISP

Port 1 - Timer, ADC, SPI

Port 1Port 3

3 Timer /

Counters

JTAG

DEBUG

Main Flash

10-bit

ADC

8032 Internal Bus

SPI

Secondary

Flash

PSD Interna l Bus

CPLD - 16 MACROCELLS

Port 4 - PCA,

PWM, UART1

PCA

PWM

Counters

Internal

Reset

SRAM

LVD

Reset Logic

Port 3

I2C

Unit

WDT

PSD

Reset

USB

pins

USB and

Trans-

ceiver

MCU Module

Reset Input

PSD Module

VCC Pins

3.3V

Ext. Bus

Reset

VDD Pins

3.3V or 5V

uPSD34xx

Port C

JTAG and

GPIO

Port A,B,C PLD

I/O and GPIO

Port D

GPIO

AI10409

15/264

uPSD34xx - MEMORY ORGANIZATION

MEMORY ORGANIZATION

The 8032 MCU core views memory on the MCU module as “internal” memory and it views memory on the PSD module as “external” memory, see

Figure 6.

Internal memory on the MCU Module consists of DATA, IDATA, and SFRs. These standard 8032 memories reside in 384 bytes of SRAM located at a fixed address space starting at address 0x0000.

External memory on the PSD Module consists of four types: main Flash (64K, 128K, or 256K bytes), a smaller secondary Flash (32K), SRAM (4K or 8K bytes), and a block of PSD Module control registers called csiop (256 bytes). These external memories reside at programmable address ranges, specified using the software tool PSDsoft Express. See the PSD Module section of this document for more details on these memories.

External memory is accessed by the 8032 in two separate 64K byte address spaces. One address space is for program memory and the other ad-

Figure 6. uPSD34xx Memories

dress space is for data memory. Program memory is accessed using the 8032 signal, PSEN

. Data memory is accessed using the 8032 signals, RD and WR. If the 8032 needs to access more than 64K bytes of external program or data memory, it must use paging (or banking) techniques provided by the Page Register in the PSD Module.

Note: When referencing program and data memory spaces, it has nothing to do with 8032 internal SRAM areas of DATA, IDATA, and SFR on the MCU Module. Program and data memory spaces only relate to the external memories on the PSD Module.

External memory on the PSD Module can overlap the internal SRAM memory on the MCU Module in the same physical address range (starting at 0x0000) without interference because the 8032 core does not assert the RD

or WR signals when

accessing internal SRAM.

Fixed

Addresses

Internal SRAM on

MCU Module

384 Bytes SRAM

Indirect

Addressing

I DATA

128 Bytes

DATA

Direct or Indirect Addressing

SFR

128 Bytes

Direct

Addressing

Main

Flash

64KB

128KB

256KB

External Memory on

PSD Module

• External memories may be placed at virtually any address using software tool PSDsoft Express.

• The SRAM and Flash memories may be placed in 8032 Program Space or Data Space using PSDsoft Express.

• Any memory in 8032 Data Space is XDATA.

Secondary

Flash

32KB

SRAM

4KB

8KB

AI10410

16/264

uPSD34xx - MEMORY ORGANIZATION

Internal Memory (MCU Module, Standard 8032 Memory: DATA, IDATA, SFR)

DATA Memory. The first 128 bytes of internal

SRAM ranging from address 0x0000 to 0x007F are called DATA, which can be accessed using 8032 direct or indirect addressing schemes and are typically used to store variables and stack.

Four register banks, each with 8 registers (R0 –

R7), occupy addresses 0x0000 to 0x001F. Only one of these four banks may be enabled at a time. The next 16 locations at 0x0020 to 0x002F contain 128 directly addressable bit locations that can be used as software flags. SRAM locations 0x0030 and above may be used for variables and stack.

IDATA Memory. The next 128 bytes of internal SRAM are named IDATA and range from address 0x0080 to 0x00FF. IDATA can be accessed only through 8032 indirect addressing and is typically used to hold the MCU stack as well as data variables. The stack can reside in both DATA and IDATA memories and reach a size limited only by the available space in the combined 256 bytes of these two memories (since stack accesses are always done using indirect addressing, the boundary between DATA and IDATA does not exist with regard to the stack).

SFR Memory. Special Function Registers (Table

5., page 25) occupy a separate physical memory,

but they logically overlap the same 128 bytes as IDATA, ranging from address 0x0080 to 0x00FF. SFRs are accessed only using direct addressing. There 86 active registers used for many functions: changing the operating mode of the 8032 MCU core, controlling 8032 peripherals, controlling I/O, and managing interrupt functions. The remaining unused SFRs are reserved and should not be accessed.

16 of the SFRs are both byte- and bit-addressable. Bit-addressable SFRs are those whose address ends in “0” or “8” hex.

External Memory (PSD Module: Program memory, Data memory)

The PSD Module has four memories: main Flash, secondary Flash, SRAM, and csiop. See the PSD MODULE section for more detailed information on these memories.

Memory mapping in the PSD Module is implemented with the Decode PLD (DPLD) and optionally the Page Register. The user specifies decode equations for individual segments of each of the memories using the software tool PSDsoft Express. This is a very easy point-and-click process allowing total flexibility in mapping memories. Additionally, each of the memories may be placed in various combinations of 8032 program address space or 8032 data address space by using the software tool PSDsoft Express.

Program Memory. External program memory is addressed by the 8032 using its 16-bit Program Counter (PC) and is accessed with the 8032 signal, PSEN any address in program space between 0x0000 and 0xFFFF.

After a power-up or reset, the 8032 begins program execution from location 0x0000 where the reset vector is stored, causing a jump to an initialization routine in firmware. At address 0x0003, just following the reset vector are the interrupt service locations. Each interrupt is assigned a fixed interrupt service location in program memory. An interrupt causes the 8032 to jump to that service location, where it commences execution of the service routine. External Interrupt 0 (EXINT0), for example, is assigned to service location 0x0003. If EXINT0 is going to be used, its service routine must begin at location 0x0003. Interrupt service locations are spaced at 8-byte intervals: 0x0003 for EXINT0, 0x000B for Timer 0, 0x0013 for EXINT1, and so forth. If an interrupt service routine is short enough, it can reside entirely within the 8-byte interval. Longer service routines can use a jump instruction to somewhere else in program memory.

Data Memory. External data is referred to as XDATA and is addressed by the 8032 using Indirect Addressing via its 16-bit Data Pointer Register (DPTR) and is accessed by the 8032 signals, RD and WR. XDATA can be present at any address in data space between 0x0000 and 0xFFFF.

Note: the uPSD34xx has dual data pointers (source and destination) making XDATA transfers much more efficient.

Memory Placement. PSD Module architecture allows the placement of its external memories into different combinations of program memory and data memory spaces. This means the main Flash, the secondary Flash, and the SRAM can be viewed by the 8032 MCU in various combinations of program memory or data memory as defined by PSDsoft Express.

As an example of this flexibility, for applications that require a great deal of Flash memory in data space (large lookup tables or extended data recording), the larger main Flash memory can be placed in data space and the smaller secondary Flash memory can be placed in program space. The opposite can be realized for a different application if more Flash memory is needed for code and less Flash memory for data.

. Program memory can be present at

17/264

uPSD34xx - 8032 MCU CORE PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENTS

By default, the SRAM and csiop memories on the PSD Module must always reside in data memory space and they are treated by the 8032 as XDATA.

The main Flash and secondary Flash memories may reside in program space, data space, or both. These memory placement choices specified by PSDsoft Express are programmed into non-volatile sections of the uPSD34xx, and are active at power-up and after reset. It is possible to override these initial settings during runtime for In-Application Programming (IAP).

Standard 8032 MCU architecture cannot write to its own program memory space to prevent accidental corruption of firmware. However, this becomes an obstacle in typical 8032 systems when a remote update to firmware in Flash memory is required using IAP. The PSD module provides a solution for remote updates by allowing 8032 firmware to temporarily “reclassify” Flash memory to reside in data space during a remote update, then returning Flash memory back to program space when finished. See the VM Register (Table

104., page 174) in the PSD Module section of this

document for more details.

8032 MCU CORE PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENTS

Before describing performance features of the uPSD34xx, let us first look at standard 8032 architecture. The clock source for the 8032 MCU creates a basic unit of timing called a machine-cycle, which is a period of 12 clocks for standard 8032 MCUs. The instruction set for traditional 8032 MCUs consists of 1, 2, and 3 byte instructions that execute in different combinations of 1, 2, or 4 machine-cycles. For example, there are one-byte instructions that execute in one machine-cycle (12 clocks), one-byte instructions that execute in four machine-cycles (48 clocks), two-byte, two-cycle instructions (24 clocks), and so on. In addition, standard 8032 architecture will fetch two bytes from program memory on almost every machinecycle, regardless if it needs them or not (dummy fetch). This means for one-byte, one-cycle instructions, the second byte is ignored. These one-byte, one-cycle instructions account for half of the 8032's instructions (126 out of 255 opcodes). There are inefficiencies due to wasted bus cycles and idle bus times that can be eliminated.

The uPSD34xx 8032 MCU core offers increased performance in a number of ways, while keeping the exact same instruction set as the standard 8032 (all opcodes, the number of bytes per in-

struction, and the native number a machine-cycles per instruction are identical to the original 8032). The first way performance is boosted is by reducing the machine-cycle period to just 4 MCU clocks as compared to 12 MCU clocks in a standard

8032. This shortened machine-cycle improves the instruction rate for one- or two-byte, one-cycle instructions by a factor of three (Figure 7., page 19) compared to standard 8051 architectures, and significantly improves performance of multiple-cycle instruction types.

The example in Figure 7 shows a continuous execution stream of one- or two-byte, one-cycle instructions. The 5V uPSD34xx will yield 10 MIPS peak performance in this case while operating at 40MHz clock rate. In a typical application however, the effective performance will be lower since programs do not use only one-cycle instructions, but special techniques are implemented in the uPSD34xx to keep the effective MIPS rate as close as possible to the peak MIPS rate at all times. This is accomplished with an instruction Pre-Fetch Queue (PFQ), a Branch Cache (BC), and a 16-bit program memory bus as shown in

Figure 8., page 19.

18/264

uPSD34xx - 8032 MCU CORE PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENTS

Figure 7. Comparison of uPSD34xx with Standard 8032 Performance

1- or 2-byte, 1-cycle Instructions

Instruction A Instruction B Instruction C

Turbo uPSD34xx

Execute Instruction and

Pre-Fetch Next Instruction

Execute Instruction and

Pre-Fetch Next Instruction

Execute Instruction and

Pre-Fetch Next Instruction

4 clocks (one machine cycle)

one machine cycle one machine cycle

MCU Clock

12 clocks (one machine cycle)

Instruction A

Standard 8032

Fetch Byte for Instruction A

Dummy Byte is Ignored (wasted bus access)

Turbo uPSD34xx executes instructions A, B, and C in the same

amount of time that a standard 8032 executes only Instruction A.

Figure 8. Instruction Pre-Fetch Queue and Branch Cache

Branch 4

Code

Branch

Cache

(BC)

Branch 3

Code

Branch 2

Code

Branch 4

Code

Branch 3

Code

Branch 1

Code

Compare

Branch 2

Code

Branch 1

Code

Execute Instruction A

and Fetch a Second Dummy Byte

AI10411

16-bit Program Memory

on PSD Module

Instruction Byte

Address

Wait

Load on Branch Address Match

1616

4 Bytes of Instruction

Instruction Pre-Fetch Queue (PFQ)

Instruction Byte

Address

Wait

Current

Branch

Address

8032 MCU

AI10431

19/264

uPSD34xx - 8032 MCU CORE PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENTS

Pre-Fetch Queue (PFQ) and Branch Cache (BC)

The PFQ is always working to minimize the idle bus time inherent to 8032 MCU architecture, to eliminate wasted memory fetches, and to maximize memory bandwidth to the MCU. The PFQ does this by running asynchronously in relation to the MCU, looking ahead to pre-fetch two bytes (word) of code from program memory during any idle bus periods. Only necessary word will be fetched (no dummy fetches like standard 8032). The PFQ will queue up to four code bytes in advance of execution, which significantly optimizes sequential program performance. However, when program execution becomes non-sequential (program branch), a typical pre-fetch queue will empty itself and reload new code, causing the MCU to stall. The Turbo uPSD34xx diminishes this problem by using a Branch Cache with the PFQ. The BC is a four-way, fully associative cache, meaning that when a program branch occurs, its branch destination address is compared simultaneously with four recent previous branch destinations stored in the BC. Each of the four cache entries contain up to four bytes of code related to a branch. If there is a hit (a match), then all four code bytes of the matching program branch are transferred immediately and simultaneously from the BC to the PFQ, and execution on that branch continues with minimal delay. This greatly reduces the chance that the MCU will stall from an empty PFQ, and improves performance in embedded control systems where it is quite common to branch and loop in relatively small code localities.

By default, the PFQ and BC are enabled after power-up or reset. The 8032 can disable the PFQ and BC at runtime if desired by writing to a specific SFR (BUSCON).

The memory in the PSD module operates with variable wait states depending on the value specified in the SFR named BUSCON. For example, a 5V uPSD34xx device operating at a 40MHz crystal frequency requires four memory wait states (equal to four MCU clocks). In this example, once the PFQ has one word of code, the wait states become transparent and a full 10 MIPS is achieved when the program stream consists of sequential one- or two-byte, one machine-cycle instructions as shown in Figure 7., page 19 (transparent because a machine-cycle is four MCU clocks which equals the memory pre-fetch wait time that is also four MCU clocks). But it is also important to understand PFQ operation on multi-cycle instructions.

PFQ Example, Multi-cycle Instructions

Let us look at a string of two-byte, two-cycle instructions in Figure 9., page 21. There are three instructions executed sequentially in this example, instructions A, B, and C. Each of the time divisions in the figure is one machine-cycle of four clocks, and there are six phases to reference in this discussion. Each instruction is pre-fetched into the PFQ in advance of execution by the MCU. Prior to Phase 1, the PFQ has pre-fetched the two instruction bytes (A1 and A2) of Instruction A. During Phase one, both bytes are loaded into the MCU execution unit. Also in Phase 1, the PFQ is prefetching Instruction B (bytes B1 and B2) from program memory. In Phase 2, the MCU is processing Instruction A internally while the PFQ is pre-fetching Instruction C. In Phase 3, both bytes of instruction B are loaded into the MCU execution unit and the PFQ begins to pre-fetch bytes for the next instruction. In Phase 4 Instruction B is processed.

The uPSD34xx MCU instructions are an exact 1/3 scale of all standard 8032 instructions with regard to number of cycles per instruction. Figure

10., page 21 shows the equivalent instruction se-

quence from the example above on a standard 8032 for comparison.

Aggregate Performance

The stream of two-byte, two-cycle instructions in

Figure 9., page 21, running on a 40MHz, 5V,

uPSD34xx will yield 5 MIPs. And we saw the stream of one- or two-byte, one-cycle instructions in Figure 7., page 19, on the same MCU yield 10 MIPs. Effective performance will depend on a number of things: the MCU clock frequency; the mixture of instructions types (bytes and cycles) in the application; the amount of time an empty PFQ stalls the MCU (mix of instruction types and misses on Branch Cache); and the operating voltage. A 5V uPSD34xx device operates with four memory wait states, but a 3.3V device operates with five memory wait states yielding 8 MIPS peak compared to 10 MIPs peak for 5V device. The same number of wait states will apply to both program fetches and to data READ/WRITEs unless otherwise specified in the SFR named BUSCON.

In general, a 3X aggregate performance increase is expected over any standard 8032 application running at the same clock frequency.

20/264

uPSD34xx - 8032 MCU CORE PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENTS

Figure 9. PFQ Operation on Multi-cycle Instructions

Three 2-byte, 2-cycle Instructions on uPSD34xx

Pre-Fetch

Inst A

Pre-Fetch Inst B and C Pre-Fetch next Inst

PFQ

MCU Execution

Inst A, Byte 1&2 Inst B, Byte 1&2 Inst C, Byte 1&2 Next Inst

4-clock

Macine Cycle

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 6Phase 5

Previous Instruction A1 A2 Process A B1 B2 Process B C1 C2

Instruction A Instruction B Instruction C

Continue to Pre-Fetch

Figure 10. uPSD34xx Multi-cycle Instructions Compared to Standard 8032

Three 2-byte, 2-cycle Instructions, uPSD34xx vs. Standard 8032

24 Clocks Total (4 clocks per cycle)

uPSD34xx

Std 8032

Byte 1

Inst A

Byte 2

1 Cycle

Process Inst A

1 Cycle

Inst B

Inst C

72 Clocks (12 clocks per cycle)

Byte 1

Byte 2

Process Inst B

Byte 1

Byte 2

Process C

Process Inst C

Next Inst

AI10432

AI10412

21/264

uPSD34xx - MCU MODULE DISCRIPTION

MCU MODULE DISCRIPTION

This section provides a detail description of the MCU Module system functions and peripherals, including:

■ 8032 MCU Registers

■ Special Function Registers

■ 8032 Addressing Modes

■ uPSD34xx Instruction Set Summary

■ Dual Data Pointers

■ Debug Unit

■ Interrupt System

■ MCU Clock Generation

■ Power Saving Modes

■ Oscillator and External Components

■ I/O Ports

8032 MCU REGISTERS

The uPSD34xx has the following 8032 MCU core registers, also shown in Figure 11.

Figure 11. 8032 MCU Registers

PCH

DPTR(DPH)

AI06636

PCL

PSW

R0-R7

DPTR(DPL)

Stack Pointer (SP)

The SP is an 8-bit register which holds the current location of the top of the stack. It is incremented before a value is pushed onto the stack, and decremented after a value is popped off the stack. The SP is initialized to 07h after reset. This causes the stack to begin at location 08h (top of stack). To avoid overlapping conflicts, the user must initialize the top of the stack to 20h if all four banks of registers R0 - R7 are used, as well as the top of stack to 30h if all of the 8032 bit memory locations are used.

Data Pointer (DPTR)

DPTR is a 16-bit register consisting of two 8-bit registers, DPL and DPH. The DPTR Register is used as a base register to create an address for indirect jumps, table look-up operations, and for external data transfers (XDATA). When not used for

Accumulator

B Register

Stack Pointer

Program Counter

Program Status Word General Purpose Register (Bank0-3) Data Pointer Register

■ MCU Bus Interface

■ Supervisory Functions

■ Standard 8032 Timer/Counters

■ Serial UART Interfaces

■ IrDA Interface

■ I

C Interface

■ SPI Interface

■ Analog to Digital Converter

■ Programmable Counter Array (PCA)

■ USB Interface

Note: A full description of the 8032 instruction set may be found in the uPSD34xx Programmers Guide.

addressing, the DPTR Register can be used as a general purpose 16-bit data register.

Very frequently, the DPTR Register is used to access XDATA using the External Direct addressing mode. The uPSD34xx has a special set of SFR registers (DPTC, DPTM) to control a secondary DPTR Register to speed memory-to-memory XDATA transfers. Having dual DPTR Registers allows rapid switching between source and destination addresses (see details in DUAL DATA

POINTERS, page 38).

Program Counter (PC)

The PC is a 16-bit register consisting of two 8-bit registers, PCL and PCH. This counter indicates the address of the next instruction in program memory to be fetched and executed. A reset forces the PC to location 0000h, which is where the reset jump vector is stored.

Accumulator (ACC)

This is an 8-bit general purpose register which holds a source operand and receives the result of arithmetic operations. The ACC Register can also be the source or destination of logic and data movement operations. For MUL and DIV instructions, ACC is combined with the B Register to hold 16-bit operands. The ACC is referred to as “A” in the MCU instruction set.

B Register (B)

The B Register is a general purpose 8-bit register for temporary data storage and also used as a 16bit register when concatenated with the ACC Register for use with MUL and DIV instructions.

22/264

General Purpose Registers (R0 - R7)

There are four banks of eight general purpose 8bit registers (R0 - R7), but only one bank of eight registers is active at any given time depending on the setting in the PSW word (described next). R0 R7 are generally used to assist in manipulating values and moving data from one memory location to another. These register banks physically reside in the first 32 locations of 8032 internal DATA SRAM, starting at address 00h. At reset, only the first bank of eight registers is active (addresses 00h to 07h), and the stack begins at address 08h.

Program Status Word (PSW)

The PSW is an 8-bit register which stores several important bits, or flags, that are set and cleared by many 8032 instructions, reflecting the current state of the MCU core. Figure 12., page 23 shows the individual flags.

Carry Flag (CY). This flag is set when the last arithmetic operation that was executed results in a carry (addition) or borrow (subtraction). It is cleared by all other arithmetic operations. The CY flag is also affected by Shift and Rotate Instructions.

Auxiliary Carry Flag (AC). This flag is set when the last arithmetic operation that was executed results in a carry into (addition) or borrow from (subtraction) the high-order nibble. It is cleared by all other arithmetic operations.

uPSD34xx - 8032 MCU REGISTERS

General Purpose Flag (F0). This is a bit-addres-

sable, general-purpose flag for use under software control.

Register Bank Select Flags (RS1, RS0). These bits select which bank of eight registers is used during R0 - R7 register accesses (see Table 4)

Overflow Flag (OV). The OV flag is set when: an ADD, ADDC, or SUBB instruction causes a sign change; a MUL instruction results in an overflow (result greater than 255); a DIV instruction causes a divide-by-zero condition. The OV flag is cleared by the ADD, ADDC, SUBB, MUL, and DIV instructions in all other cases. The CLRV instruction will clear the OV flag at any time.

Parity Flag (P). The P flag is set if the sum of the eight bits in the Accumulator is odd, and P is cleared if the sum is even.

Table 4. .Register Bank Select Addresses

RS1 RS0

0 0 0 00h - 07h

0 1 1 08h - 0Fh

1 0 2 10h - 17h

1 1 3 18h - 1Fh

Bank

8032 Internal

DATA Address

Figure 12. Program Status Word (PSW) Register

MSB

PSW

Carry Flag

Auxillary Carry Flag

General Purpose Flag

AC FO RS1 RS0 OV P

(to select Bank0-3)

LSB

Reset Value 00h

Parity Flag

Bit not assigned

Overflow Flag

AI06639

23/264

uPSD34xx - SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS (SFR)

SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS (SFR)

A group of registers designated as Special Function Register (SFR) is shown in Table 5., page 25. SFRs control the operating modes of the MCU core and also control the peripheral interfaces and I/O pins on the MCU Module. The SFRs can be accessed only by using the Direct Addressing method within the address range from 80h to FFh of internal 8032 SRAM. Sixteen addresses in SFR address space are both byte- and bit-addressable. The bit-addressable SFRs are noted in Table 5.

106 of a possible 128 SFR addresses are occupied. The remaining unoccupied SFR addresses (designated as “RESERVED” in Table 5) should not be written. Reading unoccupied locations will return an undefined value.

Note: There is a separate set of control registers for the PSD Module, designated as csiop, and they are described in the PSD MODULE, page 164. The I/O pins, PLD, and other functions on the PSD Module are NOT controlled by SFRs.

SFRs are categorized as follows:

■ MCU core registers:

IP, A, B, PSW, SP, DPTL, DPTH, DPTC, DPTM

■ MCU Module I/O Port registers:

P1, P3, P4, P1SFS0, P1SFS1, P3SFS, P4SFS0, P4SFS1

■ Standard 8032 Timer registers

TCON, TMOD, T2CON, TH0, TH1, TH2, TL0, TL1, TL2, RCAP2L, RCAP2H

■ Standard Serial Interfaces (UART)

SCON0, SBUF0, SCON1, SBUF1

■ Power, clock, and bus timing registers

PCON, CCON0, CCON1, BUSCON

■ Hardware watchdog timer registers

WDKEY, WDRST

■ Interrupt system registers

IP, IPA, IE, IEA

■ Prog. Counter Array (PCA) control

registers

PCACL0, PCACH0, PCACON0, PCASTA, PCACL1, PCACH1, PCACON1, CCON2, CCON3

■ PCA capture/compare and PWM registers

CAPCOML0, CAPCOMH0, TCMMODE0, CAPCOML1, CAPCOMH1, TCMMODE2, CAPCOML2, CAPCOMH2, TCMMODE2, CAPCOML3, CAPCOMH3, TCMMODE3, CAPCOML4, CAPCOMH4, TCMMODE4, CAPCOML5, CAPCOMH5, TCMMODE5, PWMF0, PMWF1

■ SPI interface registers

SPICLKD, SPISTAT, SPITDR, SPIRDR, SPICON0, SPICON1

■ I

C interface registers

S1SETUP, S1CON, S1STA, S1DAT, S1ADR

■ Analog to Digital Converter registers

ACON, ADCPS, ADAT0, ADAT1

■ IrDA interface register

IRDACON

■ USB interface registers

UADDR, UPAIR, WE0-3, UIF0-3, UCTL, USTA, USEL, UCON, USIZE, UBASEH, UBASEL, USCI, USCV

24/264

uPSD34xx - SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS (SFR)

Table 5. SFR Memory Map with Direct Address and Reset Value

SFR Addr (hex)

80 RESERVED

81 SP SP[7:0] 07

82 DPL DPL[7:0] 00 Data

83 DPH DPH[7:0] 00

84 RESERVED

85 DPTC – AT – – – DPSEL[2:0] 00

86 DPTM – – – – MD1[1:0] MD0[1:0] 00

87 PCON SMOD0 SMOD1 – POR RCLK1 TCLK1 PD IDLE 00

89 TMOD GATE C/T

8A TL0 TL0[7:0] 00

8B TL1 TL1[7:0] 00

8C TH0 TH0[7:0] 00

8D TH1 TH1[7:0] 00

8E P1SFS0 P1SFS0[7:0] 00

8F P1SFS1 P1SFS1[7:0] 00

91 P3SFS P3SFS[7:0] 00

92 P4SFS0 P4SFS0[7:0] 00

93 P4SFS1 P4SFS1[7:0] 00

(1)

SFR

Name

TCON

76 5 43210

TF1

<8Fh>

P1.7

<97h>

TR1

<8Eh>

P1.6

<96h>

Bit Name and <Bit Address> Reset

TF0

<8Dh>

M1 M0 GATE C/T M1 M0 00

P1.5

<95h>

TR0

<8Ch>

P1.4

<94h>

IE1

<8Bh>

P1.3

<93h>

IT1

<8Ah>

P1.2

<92h>

IE0

<89h>

P1.1

<91h>

IT0

<88h>

P1.0

<90h>

Value

(hex)

with Link

Pointer

(SP), page

Pointer

(DPTR), p

age 22

13., page

14., page

26., page

41., page

42., page

Standard

SFRs, pag

31., page

32., page

27., page

30., page

34., page

35., page

Reg.

Descr.

Stack

Table

Timer

e71

Table

25/264

uPSD34xx - SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS (SFR)

SFR Addr (hex)

94 ADCPS – – – – ADCCE ADCPS[2:0] 00

95 ADAT0 ADATA[7:0] 00

96 ADAT1 – – – – – – ADATA[9:8] 00

97 ACON AINTF AINTEN ADEN ADS[2:0] ADST ADSF 00

99 SBUF0 SBUF0[7:0] 00

9A RESERVED

9B RESERVED

9C RESERVED

9D BUSCON EPFQ EBC WRW1 WRW0 RDW1 RDW0 CW1 CW0 EB

9E RESERVED

9F RESERVED

A0 RESERVED

A1 RESERVED

A2 PCACL0 PCACL0[7:0] 00

A3 PCACH0 PCACH0[7:0] 00

A4 PCACON0 EN_ALL EN_PCA EOVF1 PCA_IDL – – CLK_SEL[1:0] 00

A5 PCASTA OVF1 INTF5 INTF4 INTF3 OVF0 INTF2 INTF1 INTF0 00

A6 WDRST WDRST[7:0] 00

A7 IEA EADC ESPI EPCA ES1 – – EI2C – 00

(1)

SFR

Name

SCON0

76 5 43210

SM0

<9Fh>

SM1

<9Eh>

Bit Name and <Bit Address> Reset

SM2

<9Dh>

REN

<9Ch>

TB8

<9Bh>

RB8

<9Ah>TI<99h>RI<9h8>

Value

(hex)

Reg.

Descr.

with Link

Table

90., page 153

Table

91., page 153

Table

92., page 153

Table

89., page 152

Table

47., page

Figure

28., page

Table

37., page

Table

93., page 155

Table

93., page 155

Table

96., page 160

Table

98., page 162

Table

40., page

Table

18., page

26/264

uPSD34xx - SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS (SFR)

SFR Addr (hex)

(1)

SFR

Name

TCMMODE

CAPCOML

CAPCOMH

76 5 43210

<AFh>

–

EINTF E_COMP CAP_PE CAP_NE MATCH TOGGLE PWM[1:0] 00

Bit Name and <Bit Address> Reset

ET2

<ADh>

ES0

<ACh>

ET1

<ABh>

EX1

<AAh>

ET0

<A9h>

EX0

<A8h>

CAPCOML0[7:0] 00

CAPCOMH0[7:0] 00

Value

(hex)

Reg.

Descr.

with Link

Table

17., page 45

Table

99., page

163

Table

93., page

155

Table

AE WDKEY WDKEY[7:0] 55

39., page 70

Table

93., page

155

Table

28., page 59

Table

93., page

155

(1)

CAPCOML

CAPCOMH

CAPCOML

CAPCOMH

P3.7

<B7h>

P3.6

<B6h>

P3.5

<B5h>

CAPCOML1[7:0] 00

P3.4

<B4h>

P3.3

<B3h>

P3.2

<B2h>

P3.1

<B1h>

P3.0

<B0h>

CAPCOMH1[7:0] 00

CAPCOML2[7:0] 00

CAPCOMH2[7:0] 00

B4 PWMF0 PWMF0[7:0] 00

B5 RESERVED

B6 RESERVED

Table

B7 IPA PADC PSPI PPCA PS1 – – PI2C – 00

20., page 46

Table

19., page 46

(1)

IP – –

PT2

<BDh>

PS0

<BCh>

PT1

<BBh>

PX1

<BAh>

PT0

<B9h>

PX0

<B8h>

B9 RESERVED

BA PCACL1 PCACL1[7:0] 00 Table

BB PCACH1 PCACH1[7:0] 00

93., page

155

Table

BC PCACON1 – EN_PCA EOVF1 PCA_IDL – – CLK_SEL[1:0] 00

97., page

161

27/264

uPSD34xx - SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS (SFR)

SFR Addr (hex)

(1)

SFR

Name

TCMMODE

CAPCOML

CAPCOMH

CAPCOML

CAPCOMH

CAPCOML

CAPCOMH

76 5 43210

EINTF E_COMP CAP_PE CAP_NE MATCH TOGGLE PWM[1:0] 00

P4.7

<C7h>

P4.6

<C6h>

Bit Name and <Bit Address> Reset

P4.5

<C5h>

P4.4

<C4h>

P4.3

<C3h>

P4.2

<C2h>

P4.1

<C1h>

P4.0

<C0h>

CAPCOML3[7:0] 00

CAPCOMH3[7:0] 00

CAPCOML4[7:0] 00

CAPCOMH4[7:0] 00

CAPCOML5[7:0] 00

CAPCOMH5[7:0] 00

C7 PWMF1 PWMF1[7:0] 00

CP/

RL2

<C8h>

(1)

T2CON

TF2

<CFh>

EXF2

<CEh>

RCLK

<CDh>

TCLK

<CCh>

EXEN2 <CBh>

TR2

<CAh>

C/T2

<C9h>

C9 RESERVED

CA RCAP2L RCAP2L[7:0] 00

CB RCAP2H RCAP2H[7:0] 00

CC TL2 TL2[7:0] 00

CD TH2 TH2[7:0] 00

CE IRDACON – IRDA_EN BIT_PULS CDIV4 CDIV3 CDIV2 CDIV1 CDIV0 0F

(1)

PSW

RS[1:0]

<D4h, D3h>

<D2h>

–

<D0>

D1 RESERVED

D2 SPICLKD SPICLKD[5:0] – – 04

D3 SPISTAT – – – BUSY TEISF RORISF TISF RISF 02

Value

(hex)

Reg.

Descr.

with Link

Table

99., page 163

Table

29., page

Table

93., page 155

Table

43., page

Standard

Timer

SFRs, pag

e71

Table

50., page

Program

Status

Word

(PSW), pa

ge 23

Table

65., page 121

Table

66., page 122

28/264

uPSD34xx - SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS (SFR)

SFR Addr (hex)

SFR

Name

76 5 43210

Bit Name and <Bit Address> Reset

Value

(hex)

Reg.

Descr.

with Link

D4 SPITDR SPITDR[7:0] 00 Table

D5 SPIRDR SPIRDR[7:0] 00

64., page 121

Table

D6 SPICON0 – TE RE SPIEN SSEL FLSB SPO – 00

63., page 120

Table

D7 SPICON1 – – – – TEIE RORIE TIE RIE 00

64., page 121

Table

48., page

(1)

SCON1

SM0 <DF

SM1

<DE>

SM2

<DD>

REN

<DC>

TB8

<DB>

RB8

Figure

D9 SBUF1 SBUF1[7:0] 00

28., page

DA RESERVED

Table

DB S1SETUP SS_EN SMPL_SET[6:0] 00

59., page 108

Table

DC S1CON CR2 EN1 STA STO ADDR AA CR1 CR0 00

54., page 103

Table

DD S1STA GC STOP INTR TX_MD B_BUSY B_LOST ACK_R

SLV 00

56., page 106

Table

DE S1DAT S1DAT[7:0] 00

57., page 107

Table

DF S1ADR S1ADR[7:0] 00

58., page 107

Accumulat

(1)

A[7:0]

(ACC), pa

ge 22

E1 RESERVED

E2 UADDR – USBADDR[6:0] 00

E3 UPAIR – – – – PR3OUT PR1OUT PR3IN PR1IN 00

E4 UIE0 – – – – RSTIE

SUSPND

EOPIE

RES

UMIE

E5 UIE1 – – – IN4IE IN3IE IN2IE IN1IE IN0IE 00

E6 UIE2 – – – OUT4IE OUT3IE OUT2IE OUT1IE

E7 UIE3 – – – NAK4IE NAK3IE NAK2IE NAK1IE

E8 UIF0 GLF INF OUTF NAKF RSTF

SUSPND

EOPF

OUT0I

NAK0I

RESU

29/264

uPSD34xx - SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS (SFR)

SFR Addr (hex)

SFR

Name

76 5 43210

Bit Name and <Bit Address> Reset

Value

(hex)

with Link

E9 UIF1 – – – IN4F IN3F IN2F IN1F IN0F 00

EA UIF2 – – – OUT4F OUT3F OUT2F OUT1F OUT0F 00

EB UIF3 – – – NAK4F NAK3F NAK2F NAK1F NAK0F 00

EC UCTL – – – – – USBEN VISIBLE

WAKE

ED USTA – – – – RCVT SETUP IN OUT 00

EE RESERVED

EF USEL DIR – – – – EP[2:0] 00

(1)

B[7:0]

B Register

(B), page

F1 UCON – – – – ENABLE STALL TOGGLE BSY 00

F2 USIZE – SIZE[6:0] 00

F3 UBASEH BASEADDR[15:8] 00

F4 UBASEL BASEADDR[7:6] 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

F5 USCI – – – – – USCI[2:0] 00

F6 USCV USCV[7:0] 00

F7 RESERVED

F8 RESERVED

F9 CCON0 PLLM[4] PLLEN UPLLCE DBGCE

CPU_

CPUPS[2:0] 50

22., page

FA CCON1 PLLM[3:0] PLLD[3:0] 00

FB CCON2 – – – PCA0CE PCA0PS[3:0] 10

FC CCON3 – – – PCA1CE PCA1PS[3:0] 10

94., page

95., page

FD RESERVED

FE RESERVED

FF RESERVED

FE RESERVED

FF RESERVED

Note: 1. This SFR can be addressed by individual bits (Bit Address mode) or addressed by the entire byte (Direct Address mode).

Reg.

Descr.

Table

156

Table

156

30/264

8032 ADDRESSING MODES

The 8032 MCU uses 11 different addressing modes listed below:

■ Register

■ Direct

■ Register Indirect

■ Immediate

■ External Direct

■ External Indirect

■ Indexed

■ Relative

■ Absolute

■ Long

■ Bit

This mode uses the contents of one of the registers R0 - R7 (selected by the last three bits in the instruction opcode) as the operand source or destination. This mode is very efficient since an additional instruction byte is not needed to identify the operand. For example:

MOV A, R7 ; Move contents of R7 to accumulator

Direct Addressing

This mode uses an 8-bit address, which is contained in the second byte of the instruction, to directly address an operand which resides in either 8032 DATA SRAM (internal address range 00h07Fh) or resides in 8032 SFR (internal address range 80h-FFh). This mode is quite fast since the range limit is 256 bytes of internal 8032 SRAM. For example:

MOV A, 40h ; Move contents of DATA SRAM

; at location 40h into the accumulator

This mode uses an 8-bit address contained in either Register R0 or R1 to indirectly address an operand which resides in 8032 IDATA SRAM (internal address range 80h-FFh). Although 8032 SFR registers also occupy the same physical address range as IDATA, SFRs will not be accessed by Register Indirect mode. SFRs may only be accesses using Direct address mode. For example:

MOV A, @R0 ; Move into the accumulator the

; contents of IDATA SRAM that is ; pointed to by the address ; contained in R0.

uPSD34xx - 8032 ADDRESSING MODES

Immediate Addressing

This mode uses 8-bits of data (a constant) contained in the second byte of the instruction, and stores it into the memory location or register indicated by the first byte of the instruction. Thus, the data is immediately available within the instruction. This mode is commonly used to initialize registers and SFRs or to perform mask operations.

There is also a 16-bit version of this mode for loading the DPTR Register. In this case, the two bytes following the instruction byte contain the 16-bit value. For example:

MOV A, 40# ; Move the constant, 40h, into

; the accumulator

MOV DPTR, 1234# ; Move the constant, 1234h, into

; DPTR

External Direct Addressing

This mode will access external memory (XDATA) by using the 16-bit address stored in the DPTR Register. There are only two instructions using this mode and both use the accumulator to either receive a byte from external memory addressed by DPTR or to send a byte from the accumulator to the address in DPTR. The uPSD34xx has a special feature to alternate the contents (source and destination) of DPTR rapidly to implement very efficient memory-to-memory transfers. For example:

MOVX A, @DPTR ; Move contents of accumulator to

; XDATA at address contained in ; DPTR

MOVX @DPTR, A ; Move XDATA to accumulator

Note: See details in DUAL DATA

POINTERS, page 38.

External Indirect Addressing

This mode will access external memory (XDATA) by using the 8-bit address stored in either Register R0 or R1. This is the fastest way to access XDATA (least bus cycles), but because only 8-bits are available for address, this mode limits XDATA to a size of only 256 bytes (the traditional Port 2 of the 8032 MCU is not available in the uPSD34xx, so it is not possible to write the upper address byte).

This mode is not supported by uPSD34xx. For example:

MOVX @R0,A ; Move into the accumulator the

; XDATA that is pointed to by ; the address contained in R0.

31/264

uPSD34xx - 8032 ADDRESSING MODES

Indexed Addressing

This mode is used for the MOVC instruction which allows the 8032 to read a constant from program memory (not data memory). MOVC is often used to read look-up tables that are embedded in program memory. The final address produced by this mode is the result of adding either the 16-bit PC or DPTR value to the contents of the accumulator. The value in the accumulator is referred to as an index. The data fetched from the final location in program memory is stored into the accumulator, overwriting the index value that was previously stored there. For example:

MOVC A, @A+DPTR; Move code byte relative to

; DPTR into accumulator

MOVC A, @A+PC ; Move code byte relative to PC

; into accumulator

Relative Addressing

This mode will add the two’s-compliment number stored in the second byte of the instruction to the program counter for short jumps within +128 or – 127 addresses relative to the program counter. This is commonly used for looping and is very efficient since no additional bus cycle is needed to fetch the jump destination address. For example:

SJMP 34h ; Jump 34h bytes ahead (in program

; memory) of the address at which ; the SJMP instruction is stored. If ; SJMP is at 1000h, program ; execution jumps to 1034h.

Absolute Addressing

This mode will append the 5 high-order bits of the address of the next instruction to the 11 low-order bits of an ACALL or AJUMP instruction to produce a 16-bit jump address. The jump will be within the same 2K byte page of program memory as the first byte of the following instruction. For example:

AJMP 0500h ; If next instruction is located at

; address 4000h, the resulting jump ; will be made to 4500h.

Long Addressing

This mode will use the 16-bits contained in the two bytes following the instruction byte as a jump destination address for LCALL and LJMP instructions. For example:

LJMP 0500h ; Unconditionally jump to address

; 0500h in program memory

Bit Addressing

This mode allows setting or clearing an individual bit without disturbing the other bits within an 8-bit value of internal SRAM. Bit Addressing is only available for certain locations in 8032 DATA and SFR memory. Valid locations are DATA addresses 20h - 2Fh and for SFR addresses whose base address ends with 0h or 8h. (Example: The SFR, IE, has a base address of A8h, so each of the eight bits in IE can be addressed individually at address A8h, A9h, ...up to AFh.) For example:

SETB AFh ; Set the individual EA bit (Enable All

; Interrupts) inside the SFR Register, ; IE.

32/264

uPSD34xx - uPSD34xx INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

uPSD34xx INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

Tables 6 through 11 list all of the instructions supported by the uPSD34xx, including the number of bytes and number of machine cycles required to implement each instruction. This is the standard 8051 instruction set.

The meaning of “machine cycles” is how many 8032 MCU core machine cycles are required to execute the instruction. The “native” duration of all machine cycles is set by the memory wait state settings in the SFR, BUSCON, and the MCU clock divider selections in the SFR, CCON0 (i.e. a machine cycle is typically set to 4 MCU clocks for a 5V uPSD34xx). However, an individual machine cycle may grow in duration when either of two things happen:

Table 6. Arithmetic Instruction Set

Mnemonic

ADD A, Rn Add register to ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

ADD A, Direct Add direct byte to ACC 2 byte/1 cycle

ADD A, @Ri Add indirect SRAM to ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

ADD A, #data Add immediate data to ACC 2 byte/1 cycle

ADDC A, Rn Add register to ACC with carry 1 byte/1 cycle

ADDC A, direct Add direct byte to ACC with carry 2 byte/1 cycle

ADDC A, @Ri Add indirect SRAM to ACC with carry 1 byte/1 cycle

ADDC A, #data Add immediate data to ACC with carry 2 byte/1 cycle

SUBB A, Rn Subtract register from ACC with borrow 1 byte/1 cycle

SUBB A, direct Subtract direct byte from ACC with borrow 2 byte/1 cycle

SUBB A, @Ri Subtract indirect SRAM from ACC with borrow 1 byte/1 cycle

SUBB A, #data Subtract immediate data from ACC with borrow 2 byte/1 cycle

INC A Increment A 1 byte/1 cycle

INC Rn Increment register 1 byte/1 cycle

INC direct Increment direct byte 2 byte/1 cycle

INC @Ri Increment indirect SRAM 1 byte/1 cycle

DEC A Decrement ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

DEC Rn Decrement register 1 byte/1 cycle

DEC direct Decrement direct byte 2 byte/1 cycle

DEC @Ri Decrement indirect SRAM 1 byte/1 cycle

INC DPTR Increment Data Pointer 1 byte/2 cycle

MUL AB Multiply ACC and B 1 byte/4 cycle

DIV AB Divide ACC by B 1 byte/4 cycle

DA A Decimal adjust ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

Note: 1. All mnemonics copyrighted ©Intel Corporation 1980.

(1)

and Use

1. a stall is imposed while loading the 8032 PreFetch Queue (PFQ); or

2. the occurrence of a cache miss in the Branch Cache (BC) during a branch in program execution flow.

See 8032 MCU CORE PERFORMANCE

ENHANCEMENTS, page 18 or more details.

But generally speaking, during typical program execution, the PFQ is not empty and the BC has no misses, producing very good performance without extending the duration of any machine cycles.

The uPSD34xx Programmers Guide describes each instruction operation in detail.

Description Length/Cycles

33/264

uPSD34xx - uPSD34xx INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

Table 7. Logical Instruction Set

Mnemonic

ANL A, Rn AND register to ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

ANL A, direct AND direct byte to ACC 2 byte/1 cycle

ANL A, @Ri AND indirect SRAM to ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

ANL A, #data AND immediate data to ACC 2 byte/1 cycle

ANL direct, A AND ACC to direct byte 2 byte/1 cycle

ANL direct, #data AND immediate data to direct byte 3 byte/2 cycle

ORL A, Rn OR register to ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

ORL A, direct OR direct byte to ACC 2 byte/1 cycle

ORL A, @Ri OR indirect SRAM to ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

ORL A, #data OR immediate data to ACC 2 byte/1 cycle

ORL direct, A OR ACC to direct byte 2 byte/1 cycle

ORL direct, #data OR immediate data to direct byte 3 byte/2 cycle

SWAP A Swap nibbles within the ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

XRL A, Rn Exclusive-OR register to ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

XRL A, direct Exclusive-OR direct byte to ACC 2 byte/1 cycle

XRL A, @Ri Exclusive-OR indirect SRAM to ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

XRL A, #data Exclusive-OR immediate data to ACC 2 byte/1 cycle

XRL direct, A Exclusive-OR ACC to direct byte 2 byte/1 cycle

XRL direct, #data Exclusive-OR immediate data to direct byte 3 byte/2 cycle

CLR A Clear ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

CPL A Compliment ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

RL A Rotate ACC left 1 byte/1 cycle

RLC A Rotate ACC left through the carry 1 byte/1 cycle

RR A Rotate ACC right 1 byte/1 cycle

RRC A Rotate ACC right through the carry 1 byte/1 cycle

Note: 1. All mnemonics copyrighted ©Intel Corporation 1980.

(1)

and Use

Logical Instructions

Description Length/Cycles

34/264

uPSD34xx - uPSD34xx INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

Table 8. Data Transfer Instruction Set

Mnemonic

MOV A, Rn Move register to ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

MOV A, direct Move direct byte to ACC 2 byte/1 cycle

MOV A, @Ri Move indirect SRAM to ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

MOV A, #data Move immediate data to ACC 2 byte/1 cycle

MOV Rn, A Move ACC to register 1 byte/1 cycle

MOV Rn, direct Move direct byte to register 2 byte/2 cycle

MOV Rn, #data Move immediate data to register 2 byte/1 cycle

MOV direct, A Move ACC to direct byte 2 byte/1 cycle

MOV direct, Rn Move register to direct byte 2 byte/2 cycle

MOV direct, direct Move direct byte to direct 3 byte/2 cycle

MOV direct, @Ri Move indirect SRAM to direct byte 2 byte/2 cycle

MOV direct, #data Move immediate data to direct byte 3 byte/2 cycle

MOV @Ri, A Move ACC to indirect SRAM 1 byte/1 cycle

MOV @Ri, direct Move direct byte to indirect SRAM 2 byte/2 cycle

MOV @Ri, #data Move immediate data to indirect SRAM 2 byte/1 cycle

MOV DPTR, #data16 Load Data Pointer with 16-bit constant 3 byte/2 cycle

MOVC A, @A+DPTR Move code byte relative to DPTR to ACC 1 byte/2 cycle

MOVC A, @A+PC Move code byte relative to PC to ACC 1 byte/2 cycle

MOVX A, @Ri Move XDATA (8-bit addr) to ACC 1 byte/2 cycle

MOVX A, @DPTR Move XDATA (16-bit addr) to ACC 1 byte/2 cycle

MOVX @Ri, A Move ACC to XDATA (8-bit addr) 1 byte/2 cycle

MOVX @DPTR, A Move ACC to XDATA (16-bit addr) 1 byte/2 cycle

XCH A, Rn Exchange register with ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

PUSH direct Push direct byte onto stack 2 byte/2 cycle

POP direct Pop direct byte from stack 2 byte/2 cycle

XCH A, direct Exchange direct byte with ACC 2 byte/1 cycle

XCH A, @Ri Exchange indirect SRAM with ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

XCHD A, @Ri Exchange low-order digit indirect SRAM with ACC 1 byte/1 cycle

Note: 1. All mnemonics copyrighted ©Intel Corporation 1980.

(1)

and Use

Description Length/Cycles

35/264

uPSD34xx - uPSD34xx INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

Table 9. Boolean Variable Manipulation Instruction Set

Mnemonic

CLR C Clear carry 1 byte/1 cycle

CLR bit Clear direct bit 2 byte/1 cycle

SETB C Set carry 1 byte/1 cycle

SETB bit Set direct bit 2 byte/1 cycle

CPL C Compliment carry 1 byte/1 cycle

CPL bit Compliment direct bit 2 byte/1 cycle

ANL C, bit AND direct bit to carry 2 byte/2 cycle

ANL C, /bit AND compliment of direct bit to carry 2 byte/2 cycle

ORL C, bit OR direct bit to carry 2 byte/2 cycle

ORL C, /bit OR compliment of direct bit to carry 2 byte/2 cycle

MOV C, bit Move direct bit to carry 2 byte/1 cycle

MOV bit, C Move carry to direct bit 2 byte/2 cycle

JC rel Jump if carry is set 2 byte/2 cycle

JNC rel Jump if carry is not set 2 byte/2 cycle

JB rel Jump if direct bit is set 3 byte/2 cycle

JNB rel Jump if direct bit is not set 3 byte/2 cycle

JBC bit, rel Jump if direct bit is set and clear bit 3 byte/2 cycle

Note: 1. All mnemonics copyrighted ©Intel Corporation 1980.

(1)

and Use

Description Length/Cycles

36/264

uPSD34xx - uPSD34xx INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

Table 10. Program Branching Instruction Set

Mnemonic

ACALL addr11 Absolute subroutine call 2 byte/2 cycle

LCALL addr16 Long subroutine call 3 byte/2 cycle

RET Return from subroutine 1 byte/2 cycle

RETI Return from interrupt 1 byte/2 cycle

AJMP addr11 Absolute jump 2 byte/2 cycle

LJMP addr16 Long jump 3 byte/2 cycle

SJMP rel Short jump (relative addr) 2 byte/2 cycle

JMP @A+DPTR Jump indirect relative to the DPTR 1 byte/2 cycle

JZ rel Jump if ACC is zero 2 byte/2 cycle

JNZ rel Jump if ACC is not zero 2 byte/2 cycle

CJNE A, direct, rel Compare direct byte to ACC, jump if not equal 3 byte/2 cycle

CJNE A, #data, rel Compare immediate to ACC, jump if not equal 3 byte/2 cycle

CJNE Rn, #data, rel Compare immediate to register, jump if not equal 3 byte/2 cycle

CJNE @Ri, #data, rel Compare immediate to indirect, jump if not equal 3 byte/2 cycle

DJNZ Rn, rel Decrement register and jump if not zero 2 byte/2 cycle

DJNZ direct, rel Decrement direct byte and jump if not zero 3 byte/2 cycle

Note: 1. All mnemonics copyrighted ©Intel Corporation 1980.

(1)

and Use

Program Branching Instructions

Description Length/Cycles

Table 11. Miscellaneous Instruction Set

Mnemonic

NOP No Operation 1 byte/1 cycle

Note: 1. All mnemonics copyrighted ©Intel Corporation 1980.

(1)

and Use

Miscellaneous

Description Length/Cycles

Table 12. Notes on Instruction Set and Addressing Modes

Rn Register R0 - R7 of the currently selected register bank.

direct 8-bit address for internal 8032 DATA SRAM (locations 00h - 7Fh) or SFR registers (locations 80h - FFh).

@Ri 8-bit internal 8032 SRAM (locations 00h - FFh) addressed indirectly through contents of R0 or R1.

#data 8-bit constant included within the instruction.

#data16 16-bit constant included within the instruction.

addr16 16-bit destination address used by LCALL and LJMP.

addr11 11-bit destination address used by ACALL and AJMP.

rel Signed (two-s compliment) 8-bit offset byte.

bit

Direct addressed bit in internal 8032 DATA SRAM (locations 20h to 2Fh) or in SFR registers (88h, 90h, 98h, A8h, B0, B8h, C0h, C8h, D0h, D8h, E0h, F0h).

37/264

uPSD34xx - DUAL DATA POINTERS

DUAL DATA POINTERS

XDATA is accessed by the External Direct addressing mode, which uses a 16-bit address stored in the DPTR Register. Traditional 8032 architecture has only one DPTR Register. This is a burden when transferring data between two XDATA locations because it requires heavy use of the working registers to manipulate the source and destination pointers.

However, the uPSD34xx has two data pointers, one for storing a source address and the other for storing a destination address. These pointers can be configured to automatically increment or decrement after each data transfer, further reducing the burden on the 8032 and making this kind of data movement very efficient.

Data Pointer Control Register, DPTC (85h)

By default, the DPTR Register of the uPSD34xx will behave no different than in a standard 8032 MCU. The DPSEL0 Bit of SFR register DPTC shown in Table 13, selects which one of the two “background” data pointer registers (DPTR0 or DPTR1) will function as the traditional DPTR Reg-

ister at any given time. After reset, the DPSEL0 Bit is cleared, enabling DPTR0 to function as the DPTR, and firmware may access DPTR0 by reading or writing the traditional DPTR Register at SFR addresses 82h and 83h. When the DPSEL0 bit is set, then the DPTR1 Register functions as DPTR, and firmware may now access DPTR1 through SFR registers at 82h and 83h. The pointer which is not selected by the DPSEL0 bit remains in the background and is not accessible by the 8032. If the DPSEL0 bit is never set, then the uPSD34xx will behave like a traditional 8032 having only one DPTR Register.

To further speed XDATA to XDATA transfers, the SFR bit, AT, may be set to automatically toggle the two data pointers, DPTR0 and DPTR1, each time the standard DPTR Register is accessed by a MOVX instruction. This eliminates the need for firmware to manually manipulate the DPSEL0 bit between each data transfer.

Detailed description for the SFR register DPTC is shown in Table 13.

Table 13. DPTC: Data Pointer Control Register (SFR 85h, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

–AT–––––DPSEL0

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Definition

7 – – Reserved

6ATR,W

5-1 – – Reserved

0 DPSE0 R,W

0 = Manually Select Data Pointer 1 = Auto Toggle between DPTR0 and DPTR1

0 = DPTR0 Selected for use as DPTR 1 = DPTR1 Selected for use as DPTR

38/264

uPSD34xx - DUAL DATA POINTERS

Data Pointer Mode Register, DPTM (86h)

The two “background” data pointers, DPTR0 and DPTR1, can be configured to automatically increment, decrement, or stay the same after a MOVX instruction accesses the DPTR Register. Only the currently selected pointer will be affected by the increment or decrement. This feature is controlled by the DPTM Register defined in Table 14.

The automatic increment or decrement function is effective only for the MOVX instruction, and not MOVC or any other instruction that uses the DTPR Register.

Table 14. DPTM: Data Pointer Mode Register (SFR 86h, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

– – – – MD11 MD10 MD01 MD00

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Definition

7-4 – – Reserved

DPTR1 Mode Bits

Firmware Example. The 8051 assembly code illustrated in Table 15 shows how to transfer a block of data bytes from one XDATA address region to another XDATA address region. Auto-address incrementing and auto-pointer toggling will be used.

3-2 MD[11:10] R,W

1-0 MD[01:00] R,W

00: DPTR1 No Change 01: Reserved 10: Auto Increment 11: Auto Decrement

DPTR0 Mode Bits

00: DPTR0 No Change 01: Reserved 10: Auto Increment 11: Auto Decrement

Table 15. 8051 Assembly Code Example

MOV R7, #COUNT ; initialize size of data block to transfer

MOV DPTR, #SOURCE_ADDR ; load XDATA source address base into DPTR0

MOV 85h, #01h ; load DPTC to access DPTR1 pointer

MOV DPTR, #DEST_ADDR ; load XDATA destination address base into DPTR1

MOV 85h, #40h ; load DPTC to access DPTR0 pointer and auto toggle

MOV 86h, #0Ah ; load DPTM to auto-increment both pointers

LOOP:

Note: 1. The code loop where the data transfer takes place is only 3 lines of code.

(1)

MOVX

(1)

MOVX

(1)

DJNZ

MOV 86h, #00 ; disable auto-increment

MOV 85h, #00 ; disable auto-toggle, now back to single DPTR mode

A, @DPTR ; load XDATA byte from source into ACC.

; after load completes, DPTR0 increments and DPTR ; switches DPTR1

@DPTR, A ; store XDATA byte from ACC to destination.

; after store completes, DPTR1 increments and DPTR ; switches to DPTR0

R7, LOOP ; continue until done

39/264

uPSD34xx - DEBUG UNIT

DEBUG UNIT

The 8032 MCU Module supports run-time debugging through the JTAG interface. This same JTAG interface is also used for In-System Programming (ISP) and the physical connections are described in the PSD Module section, JTAG ISP and JTAG

Debug, page 226.

Debugging with a serial interface such as JTAG is a non-intrusive way to gain access to the internal state of the 8032 MCU core and various memories. A traditional external hardware emulator cannot be completely effective on the uPSD34xx because of the Pre-Fetch Queue and Branch Cache. The nature of the PFQ and BC hide the visibility of actual program flow through traditional external bus connections, thus requiring on-chip serial debugging instead.

Debugging is supported by Windows PC based software tools used for 8051 code development from 3rd party vendors listed at www.st.com/psm. Debug capabilities include:

■ Halt or Start MCU execution

■ Reset the MCU

■ Single Step

■ 3 Match Breakpoints

■ 1 Range Breakpoint (inside or outside range)

■ Program Tracing

■ Read or Modify MCU core registers, DATA,

IDATA, SFR, XDATA, and Code

■ External Debug Event Pin, Input or Output

Some key points regarding use of the JTAG Debugger.

– The JTAG Debugger can access MCU

registers, data memory, and code memory while the MCU is executing at full speed by cycle-stealing. This means “watch windows” may be displayed and periodically updated on the PC during full speed operation. Registers and data content may also be modified during full speed operation.

– There is no on-chip storage for Program Trace

data, but instead this data is scanned from the uPSD34xx through the JTAG channel at runtime to the PC host for proccessing. As such, full speed program tracing is possible only when the 8032 MCU is operating below approximately one MIPS of performance. Above one MIPS, the program will not run real-time while tracing. One MIPS performance is determined by the combination of choice for MCU clock frequency, and the bit settings in SFR registers BUSCON and CCON0.

– Breakpoints can optionally halt the MCU, and/

or assert the external Debug Event pin.

– Breakpoint definitions may be qualified with

read or write operations, and may also be qualified with an address of code, SFR, DATA, IDATA, or XDATA memories.

– Three breakpoints will compare an address,

but the fourth breakpoint can compare an address and also data content. Additionally, the fouth breakpoint can be logically combined (AND/OR) with any of the other three breakpoints.

– The Debug Event pin can be configured by the

PC host to generate an output pulse for external triggering when a break condition is met. The pin can also be configured as an event input to the breakpoint logic, causing a break on the falling-edge of an external event signal. If not used, the Debug Event pin should be pulled up to V

as described in the

section, Debugging the 8032 MCU

Module., page 232.

– The duration of a pulse, generated when the

Event pin configured as an output, is one MCU clock cycle. This is an active-low signal, so the first edge when an event occurs is high-to-low.

– The clock to the Watchdog Timer, ADC, and

C interface are not stopped by a breakpoint

I halt.

– The Watchdog Timer should be disabled while

debugging with JTAG, else a reset will be generated upon a watchdog time-out.

40/264

INTERRUPT SYSTEM

The uPSD34xx has an 12-source, two priority level interrupt structure summarized in Table 16.

Firmware may assign each interrupt source either high or low priority by writing to bits in the SFRs named, IP and IPA, shown in Table 16. An interrupt will be serviced as long as an interrupt of equal or higher priority is not already being serviced. If an interrupt of equal or higher priority is being serviced, the new interrupt will wait until it is finished before being serviced. If a lower priority interrupt is being serviced, it will be stopped and the new interrupt is serviced. When the new interrupt is finished, the lower priority interrupt that was stopped will be completed. If new interrupt requests are of the same priority level and are received simultaneously, an internal polling sequence determines which request is selected for service. Thus, within each of the two priority levels, there is a second priority structure determined by the polling sequence.

Firmware may individually enable or disable interrupt sources by writing to bits in the SFRs named, IE and IEA, shown in Table 16., page 42. The SFR named IE contains a global disable bit (EA), which can be cleared to disable all 12 interrupts at once, as shown in Table 17., page 45. Figure

13., page 43 illustrates the interrupt priority, poll-

ing, and enabling process. Each interrupt source has at least one interrupt

flag that indicates whether or not an interrupt is pending. These flags reside in bits of various SFRs shown in Table 16., page 42.

All of the interrupt flags are latched into the interrupt control system at the beginning of each MCU machine cycle, and they are polled at the beginning of the following machine cycle. If polling determines one of the flags was set, the interrupt control system automatically generates an LCALL to the user’s Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) firmware stored in program memory at the appropriate vector address.

uPSD34xx - INTERRUPT SYSTEM

The specific vector address for each of the interrupt sources are listed in Table 16., page 42. However, this LCALL jump may be blocked by any of the following conditions:

– An interrupt of equal or higher priority is

already in progress

– The current machine cycle is not the final cycle

in the execution of the instruction in progress

– The current instruction involves a write to any

of the SFRs: IE, IEA, IP, or IPA

– The current instruction is an RETI Note: Interrupt flags are polled based on a sample

taken in the previous MCU machine cycle. If an interrupt flag is active in one cycle but is denied serviced due to the conditions above, and then later it is not active when the conditions above are finally satisfied, the previously denied interrupt will not be serviced. This means that active interrupts are not remembered. Every poling cycle is new.

Assuming all of the listed conditions are satisfied, the MCU executes the hardware generated LCALL to the appropriate ISR. This LCALL pushes the contents of the PC onto the stack (but it does not save the PSW) and loads the PC with the appropriate interrupt vector address. Program execution then jumps to the ISR at the vector address.

Execution precedes in the ISR. It may be necessary for the ISR firmware to clear the pending interrupt flag for some interrupt sources, because not all interrupt flags are automatically cleared by hardware when the ISR is called, as shown in Ta-

ble 16., page 42. If an interrupt flag is not cleared

after servicing the interrupt, an unwanted interrupt will occur upon exiting the ISR.

After the interrupt is serviced, the last instruction executed by the ISR is RETI. The RETI informs the MCU that the ISR is no longer in progress and the MCU pops the top two bytes from the stack and loads them into the PC. Execution of the interrupted program continues where it left off.

Note: An ISR must end with a RETI instruction, not a RET. An RET will not inform the interrupt control system that the ISR is complete, leaving the MCU to think the ISR is still in progress, making future interrupts impossible.

41/264

uPSD34xx - INTERRUPT SYSTEM

Table 16. Interrupt Summary

Enable Bit Name

(SFR.bit position)

1 = Intr Enabled

0 = Intr Disabled

Interrupt

Source

Polling

Priority

Vector

Addr

Flag Bit Name

(SFR.bit position)

1 = Intr Pending 0 = No Interrupt

Flag Bit Auto-

Cleared

by Hardware?

Reserved 0 (high) 0063h – – – –

External

Interrupt INT0

Timer 0

Overflow

External

Interrupt INT1

Timer 1

Overflow

1 0003h IE0 (TCON.1)

2 000Bh TF0 (TCON.5) Yes ET0 (IE.1) PT0 (IP.1)

3 0013h IE1 (TCON.3

4 001Bh TF1 (TCON.7) Yes ET1 (IE.3) PT1 (IP.3)

UART0 5 0023h

Timer 2

Overflow

6 002Bh

or TX2 Pin

RI (SCON0.0)

TI (SCON0.1)

TF2 (T2CON.7)

EXF2 (T2CON.6)

Edge - Yes

Level - No

Edge - Yes

Level - No

EX0 (IE.0) PX0 (IP.0)

EX1 (IE.2) PX1 (IP.2)

No ES0 (IE.4) PS0 (IP.4)

No ET2 (IE.5) PT2 (IP.5)

TEISF, RORISF,

SPI 7 0053h

TISF, RISF

Yes ESPI (IEA.6) PSPI (IPA.6)

(SPISTAT[3:0])

USB 8 0033h

9 0043h INTR (S1STA.5) Yes

(1)

–

No EUSB (IEA.0) PUSB (IPA.0)

EI2C (IEA.1) PI2C (IPA.1)

ADC 10 003Bh AINTF (ACON.7) No EADC (IEA.7) PADC (IPA.7)

PCA 11 005Bh

UART1 12 (low) 004Bh

Note: 1. See USB interrupt flag registers UIF0-3.

OFVx, INTFx

(PCASTA[0:7])

RI (SCON1.0)

TI (SCON1.1)

No EPCA (IEA.5) PPCA (IPA.5)

No ES1 (IEA.4) PS1 (IPA.4)

Priority Bit Name

(SFR.bit position)

1= High Priority

0 = Low Priority

42/264

Figure 13. Enabling and Polling Interrupts

uPSD34xx - INTERRUPT SYSTEM

Interrupt Sources

Reserved

Ext

INT0

Timer 0

Ext

INT1

Timer 1

UART0

Timer 2

SPI

USB

IE/IEA

Priority

IP/IPA

High

Low

Interrupt Polling

Sequence

ADC

PCA

UART1

Global

Enable

AI07844

43/264

uPSD34xx - INTERRUPT SYSTEM

Individual Interrupt Sources External Interrupts Int0 and Int1. External in-

terrupt inputs on pins EXTINT0 and EXTINT1 (pins 3.2 and 3.3) are either edge-triggered or level-triggered, depending on bits IT0 and IT1 in the SFR named TCON.

When an external interrupt is generated from an edge-triggered (falling-edge) source, the appropriate flag bit (IE0 or IE1) is automatically cleared by hardware upon entering the ISR.

When an external interrupt is generated from a level-triggered (low-level) source, the appropriate flag bit (IE0 or IE1) is NOT automatically cleared by hardware.

Timer 0 and 1 Overflow Interrupt. Timer 0 and Timer 1 interrupts are generated by the flag bits TF0 and TF1 when there is an overflow condition in the respective Timer/Counter register (except for Timer 0 in Mode 3).

Timer 2 Overflow Interrupt. This interrupt is generated to the MCU by a logical OR of flag bits, TF2 and EXE2. The ISR must read the flag bits to determine the cause of the interrupt.

– TF2 is set by an overflow of Timer 2. – EXE2 is generated by the falling edge of a

signal on the external pin, T2X (pin P1.1).

UART0 and UART1 Interrupt. Each of the UARTs have identical interrupt structure. For each UART, a single interrupt is generated to the MCU by the logical OR of the flag bits, RI (byte received) and TI (byte transmitted).

The ISR must read flag bits in the SFR named SCON0 for UART0, or SCON1 for UART1 to determine the cause of the interrupt.

SPI Interrupt. The SPI interrupt has four interrupt sources, which are logically ORed together when interrupting the MCU. The ISR must read the flag bits to determine the cause of the interrupt.

A flag bit is set for: end of data transmit (TEISF); data receive overrun (RORISF); transmit buffer empty (TISF); or receive buffer full (RISF).

C Interrupt. The flag bit INTR is set by a variety

of conditions occurring on the I

C interface: received own slave address (ADDR flag); received general call address (GC flag); received STOP condition (STOP flag); or successful transmission or reception of a data byte.The ISR must read the flag bits to determine the cause of the interrupt.

ADC Interrupt. The flag bit AINTF is set when an A-to-D conversion has completed.

PCA Interrupt. The PCA has eight interrupt sources, which are logically ORed together when interrupting the MCU.The ISR must read the flag bits to determine the cause of the interrupt.

– Each of the six TCMs can generate a "match

or capture" interrupt on flag bits OFV5..0 respectively.

– Each of the two 16-bit counters can generate

an overflow interrupt on flag bits INTF1 and INTF0 respectively.

Tables 17 through Table 20., page 46 have detailed bit definitions of the interrupt system SFRs.

USB Interrupt. The USB interrupt has multiple sources. The ISR must read the USB Interrupt Flag Registers (UIF0-3) to determine the source of the interrupt.

The USB interrupt can be activated by any of the following four group of interrupt sources:

– Global: the interrupt flag is set when any of the

following events occurs: USB Reset, USB Suspend, USB Resume, and End of Packet;

– In FIFO: the interrupt flag is set when any of

the End Point In FIFO becomes empty;

– Out FIFO: the interrupt flag is set when any of

the End Point Out FIFO becomes full; and

– In FIFO NAK: the interrupt flag is set when any

of the End Point In FIFO is not ready for an IN (in-bound) packet.

44/264

uPSD34xx - INTERRUPT SYSTEM

Table 17. IE: Interrupt Enable Register (SFR A8h, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

EA – ET2 ES0 ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Function

7EAR,W

6–R,W

(1)

Note: 1. 1 = Enable Interrupt, 0 = Disable Interrupt

ET2 R,W Enable Timer 2 Interrupt

ES0 R,W Enable UART0 Interrupt

ET1 R,W Enable Timer 1 Interrupt

EX1 R,W Enable External Interrupt INT1

ET0 R,W Enable Timer 0 Interrupt

EX0 R,W Enable External Interrupt INT0

Global disable bit. 0 = All interrupts are disabled. 1 = Each interrupt source can be individually enabled or disabled by setting or clearing its enable bit.

Do not modify this bit. It is used by the JTAG debugger for instruction tracing. Always read the bit and write back the same bit value when writing this SFR.

Table 18. IEA: Interrupt Enable Addition Register (SFR A7h, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

EADC ESPI EPCA ES1 – –

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Function

(1)

EADC R,W Enable ADC Interrupt

ESPI R,W Enable SPI Interrupt

EPCA R,W Enable Programmable Counter Array Interrupt

ES1 R,W Enable UART1 Interrupt

3 – – Reserved, do not set to logic '1.'

2 – – Reserved, do not set to logic '1.'

(1)

EI2C

R,W

Enable I2C Interrupt

0 EUSB R,W Enable USB Interrupt

Note: 1. 1 = Enable Interrupt, 0 = Disable Interrupt

EUSB

45/264

uPSD34xx - INTERRUPT SYSTEM

Table 19. IP: Interrupt Priority Register (SFR B8h, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

– – PT2 PS0 PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Function

7 – – Reserved

6 – – Reserved

(1)

Note: 1. 1 = Assigns high priority level, 0 = Assigns low priority level

Table 20. IPA: Interrupt Priority Addition register (SFR B7h, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

PADC PSPI PPCA PS1 – –

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Function

(1)

3 – – Reserved

2 – – Reserved

(1)

0 PUSB R,W USB Interrupt priority level

Note: 1. 1 = Assigns high priority level, 0 = Assigns low priority level

PT2 R,W Timer 2 Interrupt priority level

PS0 R,W UART0 Interrupt priority level

PT1 R,W Timer 1 Interrupt priority level

PX1 R,W External Interrupt INT1 priority level

PT0 R,W Timer 0 Interrupt priority level

PX0 R,W External Interrupt INT0 priority level

PADC R,W ADC Interrupt priority level

PSPI R,W SPI Interrupt priority level

PPCA R,W PCA Interrupt level

PS1 R,W UART1 Interrupt priority level

PI2C

R,W

I2C Interrupt priority level

PUSB

46/264

MCU CLOCK GENERATION

Internal system clocks generated by the clock generation unit are derived from the signal, XTAL1, shown in Figure 14. XTAL1 has a frequency f which comes directly from the external crystal or oscillator device. The SFR named CCON0 (Table

22., page 49) controls the clock generation unit.

There are two clock signals produced by the clock generation unit:

■ MCU_CLK

■ PERIPH_CLK

MCU_CLK

This clock drives the 8032 MCU core and the Watchdog Timer (WDT). The frequency of MCU_CLK is equal to f

by default, but it can be

OSC

divided by as much as 2048, shown in Figure 14. The bits CPUPS[2:0] select one of eight different divisors, ranging from 2 to 2048. The new frequency is available immediately after the CPUPS[2:0] bits are written. The final frequency of MCU_CLK

MCU

is f MCU_CLK is blocked by either bit, PD or IDL, in

the SFR named PCON during MCU Power-down Mode or Idle Mode respectively.

MCU_CLK clock can be further divided as required for use in the WDT. See details of the WDT in SUPERVISORY FUNCTIONS, page 67.

PERIPH_CLK

This clock drives all the uPSD34xx peripherals except the WDT. The Frequency of PERIPH_CLK is always f

. Each of the peripherals can indepen-

OSC

dently divide PERIPH_CLK to scale it appropriately for use.

PERIPH_CLK runs at all times except when blocked by the PD bit in the SFR named PCON during MCU Power-down Mode.

JTAG Interface Clock. The JTAG interface for ISP and for Debugging uses the externally supplied JTAG clock, coming in on pin TCK. This means the JTAG ISP interface is always available, and the JTAG Debug interface is available when enabled, even during MCU Idle mode and Powerdown Mode.

However, since the MCU participates in the JTAG debug process, and MCU_CLK is halted during Idle and Power-down Modes, the majority of debug functions are not available during these low power modes. But the JTAG debug interface is capable of executing a reset command while in these low power modes, which will exit back to normal

OSC

uPSD34xx - MCU CLOCK GENERATION

operating mode where all debug commands are available again.

The CCON0 SFR contains a bit, DBGCE, which enables the breakpoint comparators inside the JTAG Debug Unit when set. DBGCE is set by default after reset, and firmware may clear this bit at run-time. Disabling these comparators will reduce current consumption on the MCU Module, and it is recommended to do so if the Debug Unit will not be used (such as in the production version of an end-product).

USB_CLK. The uPSD34xx has a dedicated analog phase locked loop (PLL) that can be configured to generate the 48MHz USB_CLK clock on a wide range of f must be at 48MHz for the USB to function properly.

The PLL is enabled after power up. The power on lock time for the PLL clock is about 200µs, and the firmware should wait that much time before enabling the USB_CLK by setting the USBCE Bit in the CCON0 Register to '1.' The PLL is disabled in Power-down mode, it can also be disabled or enabled by writing to the PLLEN Bit in the CCON0 Register.

The PLL output clock frequency (f determined by using the following formula:

USBCLK

where PLLM and PLLD are the multiplier and divisor that are specified in the CCON1 Register. The

, the PLLM and PLLD range must meet the

OSC

following conditions to generate a stable USB_CLK:

a. –1 ≤ PLLM ≤ 30 (binary: [11111] ≤ PLLM[4:0]

≤ [11110]),

b. –1 ≤ PLLD ≤ 14 (binary: [1111] ≤ PLLD[3:0]

≤ [1110]), and

c. f

/(PLLD+2) must be equal to or greater

OSC

than 3MHz.

The USB requires a 48MHz clock to operate correctly. The PLLM[4:0] and PLLD[3:0] values must be selected so as to generate a USB_CLK that is as close to 48MHz as possible at different oscillator frequencies (f some of the PLLM and PLLD values that can be used on common f

frequencies. The USB_CLK

OSC

USB_CLK

OSC

PLLM 2+()×[]

PLLD 2+()2×[]

). Table 21., page 48 lists

OSC

frequencies.

OSC

) can be

⁄=

47/264

uPSD34xx - MCU CLOCK GENERATION

Table 21. PLLM and PLLD Values for Different f

OSC

(MHz)

decimal binary decimal binary

PLLM[4:0] PLLD[3:0]

Frequencies

OSC

40.0 22 10110 8 1000 48.0

36.0 6 00110 1 0001 48.0

33.0 30 11110 9 1001 48.0

30.0 14 01110 3 0011 48.0

24.0 18 10010 3 0011 48.0

16.0 28 11100 3 0011 48.0

12.0 30 11110 2 0010 48.0

8.0 22 10110 0 0000 48.0

6.0 30 11110 0 0000 48.0

3.0 30 11110 –1 1111 48.0

Figure 14. Clock Generation Logic

PCON[1]: PD,

Power-Down Mode

XTAL1

)

OSC

PCON[2:0]: CPUPS[2:0],

Clock Pre-Scaler Select

XTAL1 (default)

XTAL1 /2

XTAL1 /4

XTAL1 /8

XTAL1 /16

XTAL1 /32

XTAL1 /1024

XTAL1 /2048

PCON[0]: IDL,

U X

Idle Mode

MCU_CLK (f

USB_CLK

(MHz)

MCU

(to: 8032, WDT)

)

PCON[1]

CCON0[6]

48/264

Clock Divider

PERIPH_CLK (f

(to: TIMER0/1/2, UART0/1, PCA0/1, SPI, I2C, ADC)

CLK

PLL

USB_CLK

OSC

AI10433

)

uPSD34xx - MCU CLOCK GENERATION

Table 22. CCON0: Clock Control Register (SFR F9h, reset value 50h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

PLLM[4] PLLEN UPLLCE DBGCE CPUAR CPUPS[2:0]

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Definition

7 PLLM[4] R,W Upper bit of the 5-bit PLLM[4:0] Multiplier (Default: '0' for PLLM = 00h)

6 PLLEN R,W

5 UPLLCE R,W

PLL Enable 0 = Disable PLL operation 1 = Enable PLL operation (Default condition after reset)

USB Clock Enable 0 = USB clock is disabled (Default condition after reset) 1 = USB clock is enabled

Debug Unit Breakpoint Comparator Enable

4 DBGCE R,W

0 = JTAG Debug Unit comparators are disabled 1 = JTAG Debug Unit comparators are enabled (Default condition after reset)

Automatic MCU Clock Recovery

3 CPUAR R,W

0 = There is no change of CPUPS[2:0] when an interrupt occurs. 1 = Contents of CPUPS[2:0] automatically become 000b whenever any interrupt occurs.

MCUCLK Pre-Scaler

2:0 CPUPS R,W

000b: f 001b: f 010b: f 011b: f 100b: f 101b: f 110b: f 111b: f

MCU

= f

(Default after reset)

OSC

= f

OSC

= f

OSC

= f

OSC

= f

/16

OSC

= f

/32

OSC

= f

/1024

OSC

= f

/2048

OSC

Table 23. CCON1 PLL Control Register (SFR FAh, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

PLLM[3:0] PLLD[3:0]

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Definition

Lower 4 bits of the 5-bit PLLM[4:0] Multiplier (Default after reset:

7:4 PLLM[3:0] R,W

3:0 PLLD[3:0] R,W 4-bit PLL Divider (Default after reset: PLLD = 0h)

PLLM = 00h) PLLM[4] is in the CCON0 Register.

49/264

uPSD34xx - POWER SAVING MODES

POWER SAVING MODES

The uPSD34xx is a combination of two die, or modules, each module having its own current consumption characteristics. This section describes reduced power modes for the MCU Module. See the section, Power Management, page 168 for reduced power modes of the PSD Module. Total current consumption for the combined modules is determined in the DC specifications at the end of this document.

The MCU Module has three software-selectable modes of reduced power operation.

■ Idle Mode

■ Power-down Mode

■ Reduced Frequency Mode

Idle Mode

Idle Mode will halt the 8032 MCU core while leaving the MCU peripherals active (Idle Mode blocks MCU_CLK only). For lowest current consumption in this mode, it is recommended to disable all unused peripherals, before entering Idle mode (such as the ADC and the Debug Unit breakpoint comparators). The following functions remain fully active during Idle Mode (except if disabled by SFR settings).

■ External Interrupts INT0 and INT1

■ Timer 0, Timer 1 and Timer 2

■ Supervisor reset from: LVD, JTAG Debug,

External RESET_IN_, but not the WTD

■ ADC

■ I

C Interface

■ UART0 and UART1 Interfaces

■ SPI Interface

■ Programmable Counter Array

■ USB Interface

An interrupt generated by any of these peripherals, or a reset generated from the supervisor, will cause Idle Mode to exit and the 8032 MCU will resume normal operation.

The output state on I/O pins of MCU ports 1, 3, and 4 remain unchanged during Idle Mode.

To enter Idle Mode, the 8032 MCU executes an instruction to set the IDL bit in the SFR named PCON, shown in Table 26., page 52. This is the last instruction executed in normal operating mode before Idle Mode is activated. Once in Idle Mode, the MCU status is entirely preserved, and there are no changes to: SP, PSW, PC, ACC, SFRs, DATA, IDATA, or XDATA.

The following are factors related to Idle Mode exit: – Activation of any enabled interrupt will cause

the IDL bit to be cleared by hardware, terminating Idle Mode. The interrupt is

serviced, and following the Return from Interrupt instruction (RETI), the next instruction to be executed will be the one which follows the instruction that set the IDL bit in the PCON SFR.

– After a reset from the supervisor, the IDL bit is

cleared, Idle Mode is terminated, and the MCU restarts after three MCU machine cycles.

Power-down Mode

Power-down Mode will halt the 8032 core and all MCU peripherals (Power-down Mode blocks MCU_CLK, USB_CLK, and PERIPH_CLK). This is the lowest power state for the MCU Module. When the PSD Module is also placed in Powerdown mode, the lowest total current consumption for the combined die is achieved for the uPSD34xx. See Power Management, page 168 in the PSD Module section for details on how to also place the PSD Module in Power-down mode. The sequence of 8032 instructions is important when placing both modules into Power-down Mode.

The instruction that sets the PD Bit in the SFR named PCON (Table 26., page 52) is the last instruction executed prior to the MCU Module going into Power-down Mode. Once in Power-down Mode, the on-chip oscillator circuitry and all clocks are stopped. The SFRs, DATA, IDATA, and XDATA are preserved.

Power-down Mode is terminated only by a reset from the supervisor, originating from the RESET_IN_ pin, the Low-Voltage Detect circuit (LVD), or a JTAG Debug reset command. Since the clock to the WTD is not active during Powerdown mode, it is not possible for the supervisor to generate a WDT reset.

Table 24., page 51 summarizes the status of I/O

pins and peripherals during Idle and Power-down Modes on the MCU Module. Table 25., page 51 shows the state of 8032 MCU address, data, and control signals during these modes.

Reduced Frequency Mode

The 8032 MCU consumes less current when operating at a lower clock frequency. The MCU can reduce its own clock frequency at run-time by writing to three bits, CPUPS[2:0], in the SFR named CCON0 described in Table 22., page 49. These bits effectively divide the clock frequency (f

OSC

coming in from the external crystal or oscillator device. The clock division range is from 1/2 to 1/ 2048, and the resulting frequency is f

MCU

This MCU clock division does not affect any of the peripherals, except for the WTD. The clock driving the WTD is the same clock driving the 8032 MCU core as shown in Figure 14., page 48.

)

50/264

uPSD34xx - POWER SAVING MODES

MCU firmware may reduce the MCU clock frequency at run-time to consume less current when performing tasks that are not time critical, and then restore full clock frequency as required to perform urgent tasks.

Returning to full clock frequency is done automatically upon an MCU interrupt, if the CPUAR Bit in the SFR named CCON0 is set (the interrupt will force CPUPS[2:0] = 000). This is an excellent way

til an event occurs that requires full performance. See Table 22., page 49 for details on CPUAR.

See the DC Specifications at the end of this document to estimate current consumption based on the MCU clock frequency.

Note: Some of the bits in the PCON SFR shown in

Table 26., page 52 are not related to power con-

trol.

to conserve power using a low frequency clock un-

Table 24. MCU Module Port and Peripheral Status during Reduced Power Modes

SPI, I

Mode Ports 1, 3, 4

Idle Maintain Data Active Active Active Active Active

Power-down Maintain Data Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled

Note: 1. The Watchdog Timer is not active during Idle Mode. Other supervisor functions are active: LVD, external reset, JTAG Debug reset.

UART 0,1

PCA,

TIMER

0,1,2

USB ADC EXT INT0,1

SUPERVISORY

(1)

Active

Table 25. State of 8032 MCU Bus Signals during Power-down and Idle Modes

Mode ALE PSEN_ RD_ WR_ AD0-7 A8-15

Idle0111FFhFFh

Power-down0111FFhFFh

51/264

uPSD34xx - POWER SAVING MODES

Table 26. PCON: Power Control Register (SFR 87h, reset value 00h)

Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

SMOD0 SMOD1 – POR RCLK1 TCLK1 PD IDL

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Function

Baud Rate Double Bit (UART0)

7 SMOD0 R,W

6 SMOD1 R,W

5––Reserved

4PORR,W

3 RCLK1 R,W

2 TCLK1 R,W

1PDR,W

0IDLR,W

0 = No Doubling 1 = Doubling (See UART Baud Rates, page 86 for details.)

Baud Rate Double Bit for 2nd UART (UART1)

0 = No Doubling 1 = Doubling (See UART Baud Rates, page 86 for details.)

Only a power-on reset sets this bit (cold reset). Warm reset will not set this bit.

'0,' Cleared to zero with firmware '1,' Is set only by a power-on reset generated by Supervisory circuit (see

Power-up Reset, page 68 for details).

Received Clock Flag (UART1) (See Table 43., page 77 for flag description.)

Transmit Clock Flag (UART1) (See Table 43., page 77 for flag description)

Activate Power-down Mode

0 = Not in Power-down Mode 1 = Enter Power-down Mode

Activate Idle Mode

0 = Not in Idle Mode 1 = Enter Idle Mode

52/264

uPSD34xx - OSCILLATOR AND EXTERNAL COMPONENTS

OSCILLATOR AND EXTERNAL COMPONENTS

The oscillator circuit of uPSD34xx devices is a single stage, inverting amplifier in a Pierce oscillator configuration. The internal circuitry between pins XTAL1 and XTAL2 is basically an inverter biased to the transfer point. Either an external quartz crystal or ceramic resonator can be used as the feedback element to complete the oscillator circuit. Both are operated in parallel resonance. Ceramic resonators are lower cost, but typically have a wider frequency tolerance than quartz crystals. Alternatively, an external clock source from an oscillator or other active device may drive the uPSD34xx oscillator circuit input directly, instead of using a crystal or resonator.

The minimum frequency of the quartz crystal, ceramic resonator, or external clock source is 3MHz if the USB is used. The minimum is 8MHz if I

C is used. The maximum is 40MHz in all cases. This frequency is f

, which can be divided internally

OSC

as described in MCU CLOCK

GENERATION, page 47.

The pin XTAL1 is the high gain amplifier input, and XTAL2 is the output. To drive the uPSD34xx device externally from an oscillator or other active device, XTAL1 is driven and XTAL2 is left opencircuit. This external source should drive a logic low at the voltage level of 0.3 V logic high at 0.7V V The XTAL1 input is 5V tolerant.

Most of the quartz crystals in the range of 25MHz to 40MHz operate in the third overtone frequency mode. An external LC tank circuit at the XTAL2 output of the oscillator circuit is needed to achieve the third overtone frequency, as shown in Figure

15., page 53. Without this LC circuit, the crystal

will oscillate at a fundamental frequency mode that is about 1/3 of the desired overtone frequency.

Note: In Figure 15., page 53 crystals which are specified to operate in fundamental mode (not overtone mode) do not need the LC circuit components. Since quartz crystals and ceramic resonators have their own characteristics based on their manufacturer, it is wise to also consult the manufacturer’s recommended values for external components.

or below, and

or above, up to 5.5V VCC.

Figure 15. Oscillator and Clock Connections

XTAL1

(in)

C1 C2

XTAL (f

Ceramic Resonator

Crystal, fundamental mode (3-40MHz)

Crystal, overtone mode (25-40MHz)

Direct Drive

XTAL

OSC

)

XTAL1

(in)

XTAL2

(out)

Crystal or Resonator

Usage

C1 = C2

40 - 50pF

15-33pF

20pF

C3 L1

None None

10nF

XTAL2

(out)

None None

2.2µH

External Ocsillator or

Active Clock Source

No Connect

AI09198

53/264

uPSD34xx - I/O PORTS of MCU MODULE

I/O PORTS OF MCU MODULE

The MCU Module has three 8-bit I/O ports: Port 1, Port 3, and Port 4. The PSD Module has four other I/O ports: Port A, B, C, and D. This section describes only the I/O ports on the MCU Module.

I/O ports will function as bi-directional General Purpose I/O (GPIO), but the port pins can have alternate functions assigned at run-time by writing to specific SFRs. The default operating mode (during and after reset) for all three ports is GPIO input mode. Port pins that have no external connection will not float because each pin has an internal weak pull-up (~150K ohms) to V

I/O ports 3 and 4 are 5V tolerant, meaning they can be driven/pulled externally up to 5.5V without damage. The pins on Port 4 have a higher current capability than the pins on Ports 1 and 3.

Three additional MCU ports (only on 80-pin uPSD34xx devices) are dedicated to bring out the 8032 MCU address, data, and control signals to external pins. One port, named MCUAD[7:0], has eight multiplexed address/data bidirectional signals. The third port has MCU bus control outputs: read, write, program fetch, and address latch. These ports are typically used to connect external parallel peripherals and memory devices, but they may NOT be used as GPIO. Notice that the eight upper address signals do not come out to pins on the port. If high-order address signals are required on external pins (MCU addresses A[15:8]), then these address signals can be brought out as needed to PLD output pins or to the Address Out mode pins on PSD Module ports. See PSD Module section, “Latched Address Output Mode, page 208 for details.

Figure 16., page 56 represents the flexibility of pin

function routing controlled by the SFRs. Each of the 24 pins on three ports, P1, P3, and P4, may be individually routed on a pin-by-pin basis to a desired function.

MCU Port Operating Modes

MCU port pins can operate as GPIO or as alternate functions (see Figure 17., page 57 through

Figure 19., page 58).

Depending on the selected pin function, a particular pin operating mode will automatically be used:

■ GPIO - Quasi-bidirectional mode

■ UART0, UART1 - Quasi-bidirectional mode

■ SPI - Quasi-bidirectional mode

■ I2C - Open drain mode

■ ADC - Analog input mode

■ PCA output - Push-Pull mode

■ PCA input - Input only (Quasi-bidirectional)

■ Timer 0,1,2 - Input only (Quasi-bidirectional)

GPIO Function. Ports in GPIO mode operate as quasi-bidirectional pins, consistent with standard 8051 architecture. GPIO pins are individually controlled by three SFRs:

■ SFR, P1 (Table 27., page 58)

■ SFR, P3 (Table 28., page 59)

■ SFR, P4 (Table 29., page 59)

These SFRs can be accessed using the Bit Addressing mode, an efficient way to control individual port pins.

GPIO Output. Simply stated, when a logic '0' is written to a bit in any of these port SFRs while in GPIO mode, the corresponding port pin will enable a low-side driver, which pulls the pin to ground, and at the same time releases the high-side driver and pull-ups, resulting in a logic '0' output. When a logic '1' is written to the SFR, the low-side driver is released, the high-side driver is enabled for just one MCU_CLK period to rapidly make the 0-to1 transition on the pin, while weak active pull-ups (total ~150KΩ) to V

are enabled. This structure

is consistent with standard 8051 architecture. The high side driver is momentarily enabled only for 0to-1 transitions, which is implemented with the delay function at the latch output as pictured in Fig-

ure 17., page 57, Figure 18., page 57, and Figure

19., page 58. After the high-side driver is disabled,

the two weak pull-ups remain enabled resulting in a logic '1' output at the pin, sourcing I

uA to an

external device. Optionally, an external pull-up resistor can be added if additional source current is needed while outputting a logic '1.'

54/264

uPSD34xx - I/O PORTS of MCU MODULE

GPIO Input. To use a GPIO port pin as an input,

the low-side driver to ground must be disabled, or else the true logic level being driven on the pin by an external device will be masked (always reads logic '0'). So to make a port pin “input ready”, the corresponding bit in the SFR must have been set to a logic '1' prior to reading that SFR bit as an input. A reset condition forces SFRs P1, P3, and P4 to FFh, thus all three ports are input ready after reset.

When a pin is used as an input, the stronger pullup “A” maintains a solid logic '1' until an external device drives the input pin low. At this time, pull-up “A” is automatically disabled, and only pull-up “B” will source the external device I

uA, consistent

with standard 8051 architecture. GPIO Bi-Directional. It is possible to operate indi-

vidual port pins in bi-directional mode. For an output, firmware would simply write the corresponding SFR bit to logic '1' or '0' as needed. But before using the pin as an input, firmware must first ensure that a logic '1' was the last value written to the corresponding SFR bit prior to reading that SFR bit as an input.

GPIO Current Capability. A GPIO pin on Port 4 can sink twice as much current than a pin on either Port 1 or Port 3 when the low-side driver is outputting a logic '0' (I

). See the DC specifications at

the end of this document for full details. Reading Port Pin vs. Reading Port Latch. When

firmware reads the GPIO ports, sometimes the actual port pin is sampled in hardware, and sometimes the port SFR latch is read and not the actual pin, depending on the type of MCU instruction used. These two data paths are shown in Figure

17., page 57 through Figure 19., page 58. SFR

latches are read (and not the pins) only when the read is part of a read-modify-write instruction and the write destination is a bit or bits in a port SFR. These instructions are: ANL, ORL, XRL, JBC, CPL, INC, DEC, DJNZ, MOV, CLR, and SETB. All other types of reads to port SFRs will read the actual pin logic level and not the port latch. This is consistent with 8051 architecture.

55/264

uPSD34xx - I/O PORTS of MCU MODULE

Figure 16. MCU Module Port Pin Function Routing

ADC (8)

TIMER2 (2)

UART1 (2)

SPI (4)

PCA (8)

Hi Address [15:8]

(Available on PSD

Module Pins)

SFR

GPIO (8)

UART0 (2)

TIMER0/1 (4)

I2C (2)

GPIO (8)

SFR

GPIO (8)

8032 MCU

CORE

MCU Module

SFR

Low Addr & Data[7:0]

RD, WR, PSEN, ALE

Ports

M C

On 80-pin

Devices

Only

N T

56/264

AI09199b

Figure 17. MCU I/O Cell Block Diagram for Port 1

uPSD34xx - I/O PORTS of MCU MODULE

Select_Alternate_Func

DELAY,

1 MCU_CLK

Digital_Alt_Func_Data_Out

P1.X SFR Read Latch

(for R-M-W instructions)

SEL

IN 1

MUX

IN 0

DELAY,

1 MCU_CLK

MCU_Reset

8032 Data Bus Bit

GPIO P1.X SFR

Write Latch

PRE

SFR

P1.X

Latch

P1.X SFR Read Pin

Analog_Alt_Func_En

Digital_Pin_Data_In

Analog_Pin_In

Figure 18. MCU I/O Cell Block Diagram for Port 3

Enable_I2C

Select_Alternate_Func

Digital_Alt_Func_Data_Out

P3.X SFR Read Latch

(for R-M-W instructions)

MCU_Reset

8032 Data Bus Bit

GPIO P3.X SFR

Write Latch

Disables High-Side Driver

DELAY,

1 MCU_CLK

PRE

SFR

P3.X

Latch

1 MCU_CLK

IN 1

MUX

IN 0

DELAY,

SEL

HIGH SIDE

LOW SIDE

HIGH

SIDE

PULL-UP, B

SIDE

LOW

WEAK

STONGER PULL-UP, A

P1.X Pin

AI09600

STONGER PULL-UP, A

P3.X Pin

P3.X SFR Read Pin

Digital_Pin_Data_In

AI09601

57/264

uPSD34xx - I/O PORTS of MCU MODULE

Figure 19. MCU I/O Cell Block Diagram for Port 4

Enable_Push_Pull

Select_Alternate_Func

Digital_Alt_Func_Data_Out

P4.X SFR Read Latch

(for R-M-W instructions)

MCU_Reset

8032 Data Bus Bit

GPIO P4.X SFR

Write Latch

P4.X SFR Read Pin

Digital_Pin_Data_In

For PCA Alternate Function

DELAY,

1 MCU_CLK

IN 1

PRE

SFR P4.X

Latch

IN 0

1 MCU_CLK

MUX

DELAY,

SEL

STONGER PULL-UP, A

P4.X Pin

AI09602

WEAK

PULL-UP, B

HIGH

SIDE

LOW

SIDE

Table 27. P1: I/O Port 1 Register (SFR 90h, reset value FFh)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

P1.7 P1.6 P1.5 P1.4 P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0

Details

Bit Symbol R/W

Function

7 P1.7 R,W Port pin 1.7

6 P1.6 R,W Port pin 1.6

5 P1.5 R,W Port pin 1.5

4 P1.4 R,W Port pin 1.4

3 P1.3 R,W Port pin 1.3

2 P1.2 R,W Port pin 1.2

1 P1.1 R,W Port pin 1.1

0 P1.0 R,W Port pin 1.0

Note: 1. Write '1' or '0' for pin output. Read for pin input, but prior to READ, this bit must have been set to '1' by firmware or by a reset event.

(1)

58/264

uPSD34xx - I/O PORTS of MCU MODULE

Table 28. P3: I/O Port 3 Register (SFR B0h, reset value FFh)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

P3.7 P3.6 P3.5 P3.4 P3.3 P3.2 P3.1 P3.0

Details

Bit Symbol R/W

Function

7 P3.7 R,W Port pin 3.7

6 P3.6 R,W Port pin 3.6

5 P3.5 R,W Port pin 3.5

4 P3.4 R,W Port pin 3.4

3 P3.3 R,W Port pin 3.3

2 P3.2 R,W Port pin 3.2

1 P3.1 R,W Port pin 3.1

0 P3.0 R,W Port pin 3.0

Note: 1. Write '1' or '0' for pin output. Read for pin input, but prior to READ, this bit must have been set to '1' by firmware or by a reset event.

Table 29. P4: I/O Port 4 Register (SFR C0h, reset value FFh)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

P4.7 P4.6 P4.5 P4.4 P4.3 P4.2 P4.1 P4.0

Details

Bit Symbol R/W

7 P4.7 R,W Port pin 4.7

6 P4.6 R,W Port pin 4.6

5 P4.5 R,W Port pin 4.5

4 P4.4 R,W Port pin 4.4

3 P4.3 R,W Port pin 4.3

2 P4.2 R,W Port pin 4.2

1 P4.1 R,W Port pin 4.1

0 P4.0 R,W Port pin 4.0

Note: 1. Write '1' or '0' for pin output. Read for pin input, but prior to READ, this bit must have been set to '1' by firmware or by a reset event.

Function

(1)

59/264

uPSD34xx - I/O PORTS of MCU MODULE

Alternate Functions. There are five SFRs used

to control the mapping of alternate functions onto MCU port pins, and these SFRs are depicted as switches in Figure 16., page 56.

■ Port 3 uses the SFR, P3SFS (Table

30., page 61).

■ Port 1 uses SFRs, P1SFS0 (Table

31., page 61) and P1SFS1 (Table

32., page 61).

■ Port 4 uses SFRs, P4SFS0 (Table

34., page 62) and P4SFS1 (Table

35., page 62).

Since these SFRs are cleared by a reset, then by default all port pins function as GPIO (not the alternate function) until firmware initializes these SFRs.

Each pin on each of the three ports can be independently assigned a different function on a pinby-pin basis.

The peripheral functions Timer 2, UART1, and I

may be split independently between Port 1 and Port 4 for additional flexibility by giving a wider choice of peripheral usage on a limited number of device pins.

When the selected alternate function is UART0, UART1, or SPI, then the related pins are in quasibidirectional mode, including the use of the highside driver for rapid 0-to-1 output transitions. The high-side driver is enabled for just one MCU_CLK period on 0-to-1 transitions by the delay function at the “digital_alt_func_data_out” signal pictured in

Figure 17., page 57 through Figure 19., page 58.

If the alternate function is Timer 0, Timer 1, Timer 2, or PCA input, then the related pins are in quasibidirectional mode, but input only.

If the alternate function is ADC, then for each pin the pull-ups, the high-side driver, and the low-side

driver are disabled. The analog input is routed directly to the ADC unit. Only Port 1 supports analog functions (Figure 17., page 57). Port 1 is not 5V tolerant.

If the alternate function is I

C, the related pins will be in open drain mode, which is just like quasi-bidirectional mode but the high-side driver is not enabled for one cycle when outputting a 0-to-1 transition. Only the low-side driver and the internal weak pull-ups are used. Only Port 3 supports open-drain mode (Figure 18., page 57). I quires the use of an external pull-up resistor on each bus signal, typically 4.7KΩ to V

If the alternate function is PCA output, then the related pins are in push-pull mode, meaning the pins are actively driven and held to logic '1' by the highside driver, or actively driven and held to logic '0' by the low-side driver. Only Port 4 supports pushpull mode (Figure 19., page 58). Port 4 push-pull pins can source I

and sink I

current when driving logic '0.' This

current when driving logic '1,'

current is significantly more than the capability of pins on Port 1 or Port 3 (see Table

156., page 238).

For example, to assign these port functions:

■ Port 1: UART1, ADC[1:0], P1[7:4] are GPIO

■ Port 3: UART0, I

■ Port 4: TCM0, SPI, P4[3:1] are GPIO

C, P3[5:2] are GPIO

The following values need to be written to the SFRs:

P1SFS0 = 00001111b, or 0Fh P1SFS1 = 00000011b , or 03h P3SFS = 11000011b, or C3h P4SFS0 = 11110001b, or F1h P4SFS1 = 11110000b, or F0h

C re-

60/264

uPSD34xx - I/O PORTS of MCU MODULE

Table 30. P3SFS: Port 3 Special Function Select Register (SFR 91h, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

P3SFS7 P3SFS6 P3SFS5 P3SFS4 P3SFS3 P3SFS2 P3SFS1 P3SFS0

Details

Port 3 Pin R/W

0 R,W GPIO UART0 Receive, RXD0

1 R,W GPIO UART0 Transmit, TXD0

2 R,W GPIO Ext Intr 0/Timer 0 Gate, EXT0INT/TG0

3 R,W GPIO Ext Intr 1/Timer 1 Gate, EXT1INT/TG1

4 R,W GPIO Counter 0 Input, C0

5 R,W GPIO Counter 0 Input, C1

6R,W GPIO

7R,W GPIO

Table 31. P1SFS0: Port 1 Special Function Select 0 Register (SFR 8Eh, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

P1SF07 P1SF06 P1SF05 P1SF04 P1SF03 P1SF02 P1SF01 P1SF00

Details

Default Port Function Alternate Port Function

P3SFS[i] - 0; Port 3 Pin, i = 0..7 P3SFS[i] - 1; Port 3 Pin, i = 0..7

C Data, I2CSDA

C Clock, I2CCL

Table 32. P1SFS1: Port 1 Special Function Select 1 Register (SFR 8Fh, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

P1SF17 P1SF16 P1SF15 P1SF14 P1SF13 P1SF12 P1SF11 P1SF10

Table 33. P1SFS0 and P1SFS1 Details

Default Port Function Alternate 1 Port Function Alternate 2 Port Function

Port 1 Pin R/W

0 R,W GPIO Timer 2 Count Input, T2 ADC Chn 0 Input, ADC0

1 R,W GPIO Timer 2 Trigger Input, TX2 ADC Chn 1 Input, ADC1

2 R,W GPIO UART1 Receive, RXD1 ADC Chn 2 Input, ADC2

3 R,W GPIO UART1 Transmit, TXD1 ADC Chn 3 Input, ADC3

4 R,W GPIO SPI Clock, SPICLK ADC Chn 4 Input, ADC4

5 R,W GPIO SPI Receive, SPIRXD ADC Chn 5 Input, ADC5

6 R,W GPIO SPI Transmit, SPITXD ADC Chn 6 Input, ADC6

7 R,W GPIO SPI Select, SPISEL_ ADC Chn 7 Input, ADC7

P1SFS0[i] = 0 P1SFS1[i] = x

Port 1 Pin, i = 0.. 7 Port 1 Pin, i = 0.. 7 Port 1 Pin, i = 0.. 7

P1SFS0[i] = 1 P1SFS1[i] = 0

P1SFS0[i] = 1 P1SFS1[i] = 1

61/264

uPSD34xx - I/O PORTS of MCU MODULE

Table 34. P4SFS0: Port 4 Special Function Select 0 Register (SFR 92h, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

P4SF07 P4SF06 P4SF05 P4SF04 P4SF03 P4SF02 P4SF01 P4SF00

Details

Table 35. P4SFS1: Port 4 Special Function Select 1 Register (SFR 93h, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

P4SF17 P4SF16 P4SF15 P4SF14 P4SF13 P4SF12 P4SF11 P4SF10

Table 36. P4SFS0 and P4SFS1 Details

Default Port Function Alternate 1 Port Function Alternate 2 Port Function

Port 4 Pin R/W

0 R,W GPIO PCA0 Module 0, TCM0 Timer 2 Count Input, T2

1 R,W GPIO PCA0 Module 1, TCM1 Timer 2 Trigger Input, TX2

2 R,W GPIO PCA0 Module 2, TCM2 UART1 Receive, RXD1

3 R,W GPIO PCA0 Ext Clock, PCACLK0 UART1 Transmit, TXD1

4 R,W GPIO PCA1 Module 3, TCM3 SPI Clock, SPICLK

5 R,W GPIO PCA1 Module 4, TCM4 SPI Receive, SPIRXD

6 R,W GPIO PCA1 Module 5, TCM5 SPI Transmit, SPITXD

7 R,W GPIO PCA1 Ext Clock, PCACLK1 SPI Select, SPISEL_

P4SFS0[i] = 0 P4SFS1[i] = x

Port 4 Pin, i = 0.. 7 Port 4 Pin, i = 0.. 7 Port 4 Pin, i = 0.. 7

P4SFS0[i] = 1 P4SFS1[i] = 0

P4SFS0[i] = 1 P4SFS1[i] = 1

62/264

MCU BUS INTERFACE

The MCU Module has a programmable bus interface which is a modified 8032 bus with 16 multiplexed address and data lines. The bus supports four types of data transfer (16- or 8-bit), each transfer is to/from a memory location external to the MCU Module:

– Code Fetch cycle using the PSEN signal: fetch

a 16-bit code word for filling the pre-fetch queue. The CPU fetches a code byte from the PFQ for execution;

– Code Read cycle using PSEN: read a 16-bit

code word using the MOVC (Move Constant) instruction. The code word is routed directly to the CPU and by-pass the PFQ;

– XDATA Read cycle using the RD signal: read

a data byte using the MOVX (Move eXternal) instruction; and

– XDATA Write cycle using the WR signal: write

a data byte using the MOVX instruction

PSEN Bus Cycles

In a PSEN bus cycle, the MCU module fetches the instruction from the 16-bit program memory in the PSD module. The multiplexed address/data bus AD[15:0] is connected to the PSD module for 16bit data transfer. The uPSD34xx does not support external PSEN cycles and cannot fetch instruction from other external program memory devices.

READ or WRITE Bus Cycles

In an XDATA READ or WRITE bus cycle, the MCU’s multiplexed AD[15:0] bus is connected to the PSD module, but only the lower bytes AD[7:0] are used for the 8-bit data transfer. The AD[7:0] lines are also connected to pins in the 80-pin pack-

uPSD34xx - MCU BUS INTERFACE

age for accessing external devices. If the high address byte A[15:8] is needed for external devices, Port B in the PSD Module can be configured to provide the latched A[15:8] address outputs.

Connecting External Devices to the MCU Bus

The uPSD34xx supports 8-bit only external I/O or Data memory devices. The READ and WRITE data transfer is carried out on the AD[7:0] bus which is available in the 80-pin package. The address lines can be brought out to the external devices in one of three ways:

1. Configure Ports B and A of the PSD Module in

Address Output mode, as shown in Figure 20;

2. Use Port B together with an external latch, as

shown in Figure 21., page 64. The external latch latches the low address byte from the AD[7:0] bus with the ALE signal.This configuration is for design where Port A is needed for CPLD functions; and

3. Configure the microcell in the CPLD to output

any address line to any of the CPLD output pins. This is the most flexible implementation but requires the use of CPLD resources.

Ports A and B in the PSD Module can be configured in the PSDsoft to provide latched MCU address A[7:0] and A[15:8] (see PSD Module

Detailed Operation, page 178 for details on how to

enable Address Output mode). The latched address outputs on the ports are pin configurable. For example, Port B pins PB[2:0] can be enabled to provide A[10:8] and the remaining pins can be configured for other functions such as generating chip selects to the external devices.

Figure 20. Connecting External Devices using Ports A and B for Address AD[15:0]

uPSD34xx

Module

AI10434

MCU

AD[7:0]

AD[15:8]

PSEN

ALE

RD or WR

PSD

Module

D[7:0]

RD or WR

Por t B

Por t A

A8-15

A0-7

External

8-bit

Device

63/264

uPSD34xx - MCU BUS INTERFACE

Figure 21. Connecting External Devices using Port A and an External Latch for Address AD[15:0]

uPSD34xx

MCU

Module

AI10435

AD[7:0]

AD[15:8]

PSEN

ALE

RD or WR

Programmable Bus Timing

The length of the bus cycles are user programmable at run time. The number of MCU_CLK periods in a bus cycle can be specified in the SFR register named BUSCON (see Table 37., page 65). By default, the BUSCON Register is loaded with long bus cycle times (6 MCU_CLK periods) after a reset condition. It is important that the post-reset initialization firmware sets the bus cycle times appropriately to get the most performance, according to Table 38., page 66. Keep in mind that the PSD Module has a faster Turbo Mode (default) and a slower but less power consuming Non-Turbo Mode. The bus cycle times must be programmed in BUSCON to optimize for each mode as shown in Table 38. See PSD Module Detailed

Operation, page 178 for more details.

It is not possible to specify in the BUSCON Register a different number of MCU_CLK periods for various address ranges. For example, the user cannot specify 4 MCU_CLK periods for RD read cycles to one address range on the PSD Module, and 5 MCU_CLK periods for RD read cycles to a different address range on an external device. However, the user can specify one number of clock periods for PSEN read cycles and a different number of clock periods for RD or WR cycles (see Figure Figure 22., page 65).

PSD

Module

Por t B

D[7:0]

L A T C H

A7-0

RD or WR

A8-15

External

8-bit

Device

Controlling the PFQ and BC

The BUSCON Register allows firmware to enable and disable the PFQ and BC at run-time. Sometimes it may be desired to disable the PFQ and BC to ensure deterministic execution. The dynamic action of the PFQ and BC may cause varying program execution times depending on the events that happen prior to a particular section of code of interest. For this reason, it is not recommended to implement timing loops in firmware, but instead use one of the many hardware timers in the uPSD34xx. By default, the PFQ and BC are enabled after a reset condition.

Important: Disabling the PFQ or BC will seriously reduce MCU performance.

64/264

Figure 22. A RD or PSEN Bus Cycle Set to 5 MCU_CLK

MCU Clock

ALE

uPSD34xx - MCU BUS INTERFACE

AD0-AD15

RD/PSEN

Note: 1. The PSEN cycle is 16-bit, while the RD cycle is 8-bit only.

2. A PSEN bus cycle in progress may be aborted before completion if the PFQ and Branch Cache (BC) determines the current code fetch cycle is not needed.

3. Whenever the same number of MCU_CLK periods is specified in BUSCON for both PSEN and RD cycles, the bus cycle timing is typically identical for each of these types of bus cycles. In this case, the only time PSEN read cycles are longer than RD read cycles is when the PFQ issues a stall while reloading. PFQ stalls do not affect RD read cycles. By comparison, in many traditional 8051 architectures, RD bus cycles are always longer than PSEN bus cycles.

(2,3)

A0-A15

5-Clock Bus Cycle

D0-D15

(1)

AI10436

Table 37. BUSCON: Bus Control Register (SFR 9Dh, reset value EBh)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

EPFQ EBC WRW[1:0] RDW[1:0] CW[1:0]

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Definition

Enable Pre-Fetch Queue

7 EPFQ R,W

6 EBC R,W

5:4 WRW[1:0] R,W

3:2 RDW[1:0] R,W

1:0 CW[1:0] R,W

0 = PFQ is disabled 1 = PFQ is enabled (default)

Enable Branch Cache 0 = BC is disabled 1 = BC is enabled (default)

Wait, number of MCU_CLK periods for WR write bus cycle during any MOVX instruction 00b: 4 clock periods 01b: 5 clock periods 10b: 6 clock periods (default) 11b: 7 clock periods

Wait, number of MCU_CLK periods for RD read bus cycle during any MOVX instruction 00b: 4 clock periods 01b: 5 clock periods 10b: 6 clock periods (default) 11b: 7 clock periods

Code Wait, number of MCU_CLK periods for PSEN

read bus cycle during any code byte fetch or during any MOVC code byte read instruction. Periods will increase with PFQ stall 00b: 3 clock periods - exception, for MOVC instructions this setting results 4 clock periods 01b: 4 clock periods 10b: 5 clock periods 11b: 6 clock periods (default)

65/264

uPSD34xx - MCU BUS INTERFACE

Table 38. Number of MCU_CLK Periods Required to Optimize Bus Transfer Rate

MCU Clock Frequency,

MCU_CLK (f

40MHz, Turbo mode PSD

MCU

(2)

CW[1:0] Clk Periods

)

3.3V

(1)

545454

RDW[1:0] Clk

Periods

(1)

3.3V

(1)

40MHz, Non-Turbo mode PSD 656565

36MHz, Turbo mode PSD 545454

36MHz, Non-Turbo mode PSD 646464

32MHz, Turbo mode PSD 545454

32MHz, Non-Turbo mode PSD 545454

28MHz, Turbo mode PSD 434444

28MHz, Non-Turbo mode PSD 545454

24MHz, Turbo mode PSD 434444

24MHz, Non-Turbo mode PSD 434444

20MHz and below, Turbo mode PSD 334444

20MHz and below, Non-Turbo mode PSD 334444

Note: 1. VDD of the PSD Module

2. “Turbo mode PSD” means that the PSD Module is in the faster, Turbo mode (default condition). A PSD Module in Non-Turbo mode is slower, but consumes less current. See PSD Module section, titled “PLD Non-Turbo Mode” for details.

WRW[1:0] Clk

Periods

(1)

3.3V

(1)

66/264

SUPERVISORY FUNCTIONS

Supervisory circuitry on the MCU Module will issue an internal reset signal to the MCU Module and simultaneously to the PSD Module as a result of any of the following four events:

– The external RESET_IN – The Low Voltage Detect (LVD) circuitry has

detected a voltage on V threshold (power-on or voltage sags)

– The JTAG Debug interface has issued a reset

command – The Watch Dog Timer (WDT) has timed out The resulting internal reset signal, MCU_RESET,

will force the 8032 into a known reset state while asserted, and then 8032 program execution will jump to the reset vector at program address 0000h just after MCU_RESET is deasserted. The MCU Module will also assert an active low internal reset signal, RESET signal RESET

, to the PSD Module. If needed, the

can be driven out to external system components through any PLD output pin on the PSD Module. When driving this

pin is asserted

below a specific

uPSD34xx - SUPERVISORY FUNCTIONS

“RESET_OUT” signal from a PLD output, the user can choose to make it either active-high or activelow logic, depending on the PLD equation.

External Reset Input Pin, RESET_IN

The RESET_IN pin can be connected directly to a mechanical reset switch or other device which pulls the signal to ground to invoke a reset.

RESET_IN Schmitt trigger input buffer with a voltage hysteresis of V signal rise and fall times, as shown in Figure 23. RESET_IN less than a duration of t signal must be maintained at a logic '0' for at least a duration of t ning. The resulting MCU_RESET signal will last only as long as the RESET_IN not stretched). Refer to the Supervisor AC specifications in Table 178., page 253 at the end of this document for these parameter values.

is pulled up internally and enters a

RST_HYS

for immunity to the effects of slow

is also filtered to reject a voltage spike

. The RESET_IN

RST_LO_IN

RST_FIL

while the oscillator is run-

signal is active (it is

Figure 23. Supervisor Reset Generation

PULL-UP

RESET_IN

WDT

LV D

JTAG Debug

DELAY,

RST_ACTV

Noise Filter

MCU

Clock

Sync

MCU_RESET to MCU and Peripherals

RESET to PSD Module

AI09603

67/264

uPSD34xx - SUPERVISORY FUNCTIONS

Low VCC Voltage Detect, LVD

An internal reset is generated by the LVD circuit when V V

LV_THRESH

old, the MCU_RESET signal will remain asserted for t

RST_ACTV

is always enabled (cannot be disabled by SFR), even in Idle Mode and Power-down Mode. The LVD input has a voltage hysteresis of V and will reject voltage spikes less than a duration of t

RST_FIL

Important: The LVD voltage threshold is V

LV_THRESH

supply on the MCU Module and the 3.3V V

supply on the PSD Module for 3.3V uPSD34xxV devices, since these supplies are one in the same on the circuit board.

However, for 5V uPSD34xx devices, V is not suitable for monitoring the 5V VDD voltage supply (V itoring the 3.3V V uPSD34xx devices, an external means is required to monitor the separate 5V V

Power-up Reset

At power up, the internal reset generated by the LVD circuit is latched as a logic '1' in the POR bit of the SFR named PCON (Table 26., page 52). Software can read this bit to determine whether the last MCU reset was the result of a power up (cold reset) or a reset from some other condition (warm reset). This bit must be cleared with software.

JTAG Debug Reset

The JTAG Debug Unit can generate a reset for debugging purposes. This reset source is also available when the MCU is in Idle Mode and PowerDown Mode (the user can use the JTAG debugger to exit these modes).

Watchdog Timer, WDT

When enabled, the WDT will generate a reset whenever it overflows. Firmware that is behaving correctly will periodically clear the WDT before it overflows. Run-away firmware will not be able to clear the WDT, and a reset will be generated.

drops below the reset threshold,

. After VCC returns to the reset thresh-

before it is released. The LVD circuit

RST_HYS

, suitable for monitoring both the 3.3V

LV_THRESH

is too low), but good for mon-

supply. In the case of 5V

supply, if desired.

By default, the WDT is disabled after each reset. Note: The WDT is not active during Idle mode or

Power-down Mode. There are two SFRs that control the WDT, they are

WDKEY (Table 39., page 70) and WDRST (Table

40., page 70).

If WDKEY contains 55h, the WDT is disabled. Any value other than 55h in WDKEY will enable the WDT. By default, after any reset condition, WDKEY is automatically loaded with 55h, disabling the WDT. It is the responsibility of initialization firmware to write some value other than 55h to WDKEY after each reset if the WDT is to be used.

The WDT consists of a 24-bit up-counter (Figure

24), whose initial count is 000000h by default after

every reset. The most significant byte of this counter is controlled by the SFR, WDRST. After being enabled by WDKEY, the 24-bit count is increased by 1 for each MCU machine cycle. When the count overflows beyond FFFFFh (2

MCU machine cycles), a reset is issued and the WDT is automatically disabled (WDKEY = 55h again).

To prevent the WDT from timing out and generating a reset, firmware must repeatedly write some value to WDRST before the count reaches FFFFFh. Whenever WDRST is written, the upper 8 bits of the 24-bit counter are loaded with the written value, and the lower 16 bits of the counter are cleared to 0000h.

The WDT time-out period can be adjusted by writing a value other that 00h to WDRST. For example, if WDRST is written with 04h, then the WDT will start counting 040000h, 040001h, 040002h, and so on for each MCU machine cycle. In this example, the WDT time-out period is shorter than if WDRST was written with 00h, because the WDT is an up-counter. A value for WDRST should never be written that results in a WDT time-out period shorter than the time required to complete the longest code task in the application, else unwanted WDT overflows will occur.

Figure 24. Watchdog Counter

23 15 7 0

8-bits8-bits8-bits

SFR, WDRST

68/264

AI09604

uPSD34xx - SUPERVISORY FUNCTIONS

The formula to determine WDT time-out period is: WDT

PERIOD

OVERFLOW

= t

MACH_CYC

x N

OVERFLOW

is the number of WDT up-counts required to reach FFFFFFh. This is determined by the value written to the SFR, WDRST.

MACH_CYC

is the average duration of one MCU machine cycle. By default, an MCU machine cycle is always 4 MCU_CLK periods for uPSD34xx, but the following factors can sometimes add more MCU_CLK periods per machine cycle:

– The number of MCU_CLK periods assigned to

MCU memory bus cycles as determined in the SFR, BUSCON. If this setting is greater than 4, then machine cycles have additional MCU_CLK periods during memory transfers.

– Whether or not the PFQ/BC circuitry issues a

stall during a particular MCU machine cycle. A stall adds more MCU_CLK periods to a machine cycle until the stall is removed.

MACH_CYC

is also affected by the absolute time of a single MCU_CLK period. This number is fixed by the following factors:

– Frequency of the external crystal, resonator,

or oscillator: (f

OSC

)

– Bit settings in the SFR CCON0, which can

divide f

and change MCU_CLK

OSC

As an example, assume the following:

1. f

is 40MHz, thus its period is 25ns.

OSC

2. CCON0 is 10h, meaning no clock division, so

the period of MCU_CLK is also 25ns.

3. BUSCON is C1h, meaning the PFQ and BC

are enabled, and each MCU memory bus cycle is 4 MCU_CLK periods, adding no additional MCU_CLK periods to MCU machine cycles during memory transfers.

4. Assume there are no stalls from the PFQ/BC. In reality, there are occational stalls but their occurance has minimal impact on WDT timeout period.

5. WDRST contains 00h, meaning a full 2

upcounts are required to reach FFFFFh and generate a reset.

In this example, t

MACH_CYC

OVERFLOW

WDT

= 100ns (4 MCU_CLK periods x 25ns)

= 224 = 16777216 up-counts

PERIOD

= 100ns X 16777216 = 1.67 seconds

The actual value will be slightly longer due to PFQ/ BC.

Firmware Example: The following 8051 assembly code illustrates how to operate the WDT. A simple statement in the reset initialization firmware enables the WDT, and then a periodic write to clear the WDT in the main firmware is required to keep the WDT from overflowing. This firmware is based on the example above (40MHz f

OSC

CCON0 = 10h, BUSCON = C1h). For example, in the reset initialization firmware

(the function that executes after a jump to the reset vector):

MOV AE, #AA ; enable WDT by writing value to

; WDKEY other than 55h

Somewhere in the flow of the main program, this statement will execute periodically to reset the WDT before its time-out period of 1.67 seconds. For example:

MOV A6, #00 ; reset WDT, loading 000000h.

; Counting will automatically ; resume as long as 55h in not in ; WDKEY

69/264

uPSD34xx - SUPERVISORY FUNCTIONS

Table 39. WDKEY: Watchdog Timer Key Register (SFR AEh, reset value 55h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

WDKEY[7:0]

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Definition

55h disables the WDT from counting. 55h is automatically loaded in this SFR after any reset condition, leaving the WDT disabled by default.

[7:0] WDKEY W

Table 40. WDRST: Watchdog Timer Reset Counter Register (SFR A6h, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Definition

[7:0] WDRST W

Any value other than 55h written to this SFR will enable the WDT, and counting begins.

WDRST[7:0]

This SFR is the upper byte of the 24-bit WDT up-counter. Writing this SFR sets the upper byte of the counter to the written value, and clears the lower two bytes of the counter to 0000h.

Counting begins when WDKEY does not contain 55h.

70/264

uPSD34xx - STANDARD 8032 TIMER/COUNTERS

STANDARD 8032 TIMER/COUNTERS

There are three 8032-style 16-bit Timer/Counter registers (Timer 0, Timer 1, Timer 2) that can be configured to operate as timers or event counters.

There are two additional 16-bit Timer/Counters in the Programmable Counter Array (PCA), seePCA

Block, page 154 for details.

Standard Timer SFRs

Timer 0 and Timer 1 have very similar functions, and they share two SFRs for control:

■ TCON (Table 41., page 72)

■ TMOD (Table 42., page 74).

Timer 0 has two SFRs that form the 16-bit counter, or that can hold reload values, or that can scale the clock depending on the timer/counter mode:

■ TH0 is the high byte, address 8Ch

■ TL0 is the low byte, address 8Ah

Timer 1 has two similar SFRs:

■ TH1 is the high byte, address 8Dh

■ TL1 is the low byte, address 8Bh

Timer 2 has one control SFR:

■ T2CON (Table 43., page 77)

Timer 2 has two SFRs that form the 16-bit counter, and perform other functions:

■ TH2 is the high byte, address CDh

■ TL2 is the low byte, address CCh

Timer 2 has two SFRs for capture and reload:

■ RCAP2H is the high byte, address CBh

■ RCAP2L is the low byte, address CAh

Clock Sources

When enabled in the “Timer” function, the Registers THx and TLx are incremented every 1/12 of the oscillator frequency (f

). This timer clock

OSC

source is not effected by MCU clock dividers in the CCON0, stalls from PFQ/BC, or bus transfer cycles. Timers are always clocked at 1/12 of f

OSC

When enabled in the “Counter” function, the Registers THx and TLx are incremented in response to a 1-to-0 transition sampled at their corresponding external input pin: pin C0 for Timer 0; pin C1 for Timer 1; or pin T2 for Timer 2. In this function, the external clock input pin is sampled by the counter at a rate of 1/12 of f

. When a logic '1' is deter-

OSC

mined in one sample, and a logic '0' in the next sample period, the count is incremented at the very next sample period (period1: sample=1, period2: sample=0, period3: increment count while continuing to sample). This means the maximum count rate is 1/24 of the f

. There are no

OSC

restrictions on the duty cycle of the external input signal, but to ensure that a given level is sampled at least once before it changes, it should be active for at least one full sample period (12 / f

OSC,

seconds). However, if MCU_CLK is divided by the SFR CCON0, then the sample period must be calculated based on the resultant, longer, MCU_CLK frequency. In this case, an external clock signal on pins C0, C1, or T2 should have a duration longer than one MCU machine cycle, t

MACH_CYC

. The section, Watchdog Timer, WDT, page 68 explains how to estimate t

MACH_CYC

71/264

uPSD34xx - STANDARD 8032 TIMER/COUNTERS

Table 41. TCON: Timer Control Register (SFR 88h, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Definition

Timer 1 overflow interrupt flag. Set by hardware upon overflow.

7 TF1 R

6 TR1 R,W Timer 1 run control. 1 = Timer/Counter 1 is on, 0 = Timer/Counter 1 is off.

5 TF0 R

4 TR0 R,W Timer 0 run control. 1 = Timer/Counter 0 is on, 0 = Timer/Counter 0 is off.

3IE1R

2IT1R,W

1IE0R

0IT0R,W

Automatically cleared by hardware after firmware services the interrupt for Timer 1.

Timer 0 overflow interrupt flag. Set by hardware upon overflow. Automatically cleared by hardware after firmware services the interrupt for Timer 0.

Interrupt flag for external interrupt pin, EXTINT1. Set by hardware when edge is detected on pin. Automatically cleared by hardware after firmware services EXTINT1 interrupt.

Trigger type for external interrupt pin EXTINT1. 1 = falling edge, 0 = lowlevel

Interrupt flag for external interrupt pin, EXTINT0. Set by hardware when edge is detected on pin. Automatically cleared by hardware after firmware services EXTINT0 interrupt.

Trigger type for external interrupt pin EXTINT0. 1 = falling edge, 0 = lowlevel

72/264

uPSD34xx - STANDARD 8032 TIMER/COUNTERS

SFR, TCON

Timer 0 and Timer 1 share the SFR, TCON, that controls these timers and provides information about them. See Table 41., page 72.

Bits IE0 and IE1 are not related to Timer/Counter functions, but they are set by hardware when a signal is active on one of the two external interrupt pins, EXTINT0 and EXTINT1. For system information on all of these interrupts, see Table

16., page 42, Interrupt Summary.

Bits IT0 and IT1 are not related to Timer/Counter functions, but they control whether or not the two external interrupt input pins, EXTINT0 and EXTINT1 are edge or level triggered.

SFR, TMOD

Timer 0 and Timer 1 have four modes of operation controlled by the SFR named TMOD (Table 42).

Timer 0 and Timer 1 Operating Modes

The “Timer” or “Counter” function is selected by the C/T modes are selected by bit-pairs M[1:0] in TMOD. Modes 0, 1, and 2 are the same for both Timer/ Counters. Mode 3 is different.

Mode 0. Putting either Timer/Counter into Mode 0 makes it an 8-bit Counter with a divide-by-32 prescaler. Figure 25 shows Mode 0 operation as it applies to Timer 1 (same applies to Timer 0).

In this mode, the Timer Register is configured as a 13-bit register. As the count rolls over from all '1s' to all '0s,' it sets the Timer Interrupt flag TF1. The counted input is enabled to the Timer when TR1 = 1 and either GATE = 0 or EXTINT1 = 1. (Setting GATE = 1 allows the Timer to be controlled by external input pin, EXTINT1, to facilitate pulse width measurements). TR1 is a control bit in the SFR, TCON. GATE is a bit in the SFR, TMOD.

The 13-bit register consists of all 8 bits of TH1 and the lower 5 bits of TL1. The upper 3 bits of TL1 are indeterminate and should be ignored. Setting the run flag, TR1, does not clear the registers.

control bits in TMOD. The four operating

Mode 0 operation is the same for the Timer 0 as for Timer 1. Substitute TR0, TF0, C0, TL0, TH0, and EXTINT0 for the corresponding Timer 1 signals in Figure 25. There are two different GATE Bits, one for Timer 1 and one for Timer 0.

Mode 1. Mode 1 is the same as Mode 0, except that the Timer Register is being run with all 16 bits.

Mode 2. Mode 2 configures the Timer Register as an 8-bit Counter (TL1) with automatic reload, as shown in Figure 26., page 75. Overflow from TL1 not only sets TF1, but also reloads TL1 with the contents of TH1, which is preset with firmware. The reload leaves TH1 unchanged. Mode 2 operation is the same for Timer/Counter 0.

Mode 3. Timer 1 in Mode 3 simply holds its count. The effect is the same as setting TR1 = 0.

Timer 0 in Mode 3 establishes TL0 and TH0 as two separate counters. The logic for Mode 3 on Timer 0 is shown in Figure 27., page 75. TL0 uses the Timer 0 control Bits: C/T

, GATE, TR0, and TF0, as well as the pin EXTINT0. TH0 is locked into a timer function (counting at a rate of 1/12 f

) and takes

OSC

over the use of TR1 and TF1 from Timer 1. Thus, TH0 now controls the “Timer 1“ interrupt flag.

Mode 3 is provided for applications requiring an extra 8-bit timer on the counter (see Figure

27., page 75). With Timer 0 in Mode 3, a

uPSD34xx device can look like it has three Timer/ Counters (not including the PCA). When Timer 0 is in Mode 3, Timer 1 can be turned on and off by switching it out of and into its own Mode 3, or can still be used by the serial port as a baud rate generator, or in fact, in any application not requiring an interrupt.

73/264

uPSD34xx - STANDARD 8032 TIMER/COUNTERS

Table 42. TMOD: Timer Mode Register (SFR 89h, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

GATE C/T

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Timer Definition (T/C is abbreviation for Timer/Counter)

M[1:0] GATE C/T M[1:0]

Gate control.

7GATER,W

6C/T

[5:4] M[1:0] R,W

3GATER,W

2C/T

R,W

Timer 1

Timer 0

When GATE = 1, T/C is enabled only while pin EXTINT1 is '1' and the flag TR1 is '1.' When GATE = 0, T/C is enabled whenever the flag TR1 is '1.'

Counter or Timer function select.

When C/T = 0, function is timer, clocked by internal clock. C/T

= 1, function is counter, clocked by signal sampled on

external pin, C1.

Mode Select.

00b = 13-bit T/C. 8 bits in TH1 with TL1 as 5-bit prescaler. 01b = 16-bit T/C. TH1 and TL1 are cascaded. No prescaler. 10b = 8-bit auto-reload T/C. TH1 holds a constant and loads into TL1 upon overflow. 11b = Timer Counter 1 is stopped.

Gate control.

When GATE = 1, T/C is enabled only while pin EXTINT0 is '1' and the flag TR0 is '1.' When GATE = 0, T/C is enabled whenever the flag TR0 is '1.'

Counter or Timer function select.

When C/T = 0, function is timer, clocked by internal clock. C/T

= 1, function is counter, clocked by signal sampled on

external pin, C0.

Mode Select.

[1:0] M[1:0] R,W

74/264

00b = 13-bit T/C. 8 bits in TH0 with TL0 as 5-bit prescaler. 01b = 16-bit T/C. TH0 and TL0 are cascaded. No prescaler. 10b = 8-bit auto-reload T/C. TH0 holds a constant and loads into TL0 upon overflow. 11b = TL0 is 8-bit T/C controlled by standard Timer 0 control bits. TH0 is a separate 8-bit timer that uses Timer 1 control bits.

uPSD34xx - STANDARD 8032 TIMER/COUNTERS

Figure 25. Timer/Counter Mode 0: 13-bit Counter

Gate

EXTINT1 pin

OSC

C1 pin

TR1

÷ 12

C/T = 0

C/T = 1

Control

Figure 26. Timer/Counter Mode 2: 8-bit Auto-reload

Gate

EXTINT1 pin

OSC

C1 pin

TR1

÷ 12

C/T = 0

C/T = 1

Control

TL1

(5 bits)

TL1

(8 bits)

TH1

(8 bits)

TH1

(8 bits)

TF1 Interrupt

AI06622

TF1 Interrupt

AI06623

Figure 27. Timer/Counter Mode 3: Two 8-bit Counters

Gate

EXTINT0 pin

OSC

C0 pin

OSC

TR0

÷ 12

C/T = 0

C/T = 1

TR1

Control

TL0

(8 bits)

TH0

(8 bits)

TF0 Interrupt

TF1 Interrupt

AI06624

75/264

uPSD34xx - STANDARD 8032 TIMER/COUNTERS

Timer 2

Timer 2 can operate as either an event timer or as an event counter. This is selected by the bit C/T2 in the SFR named, T2CON (Table 43., page 77). Timer 2 has three operating modes selected by bits in T2CON, according to Table 44., page 78. The three modes are:

■ Capture mode

■ Auto re-load mode

■ Baud rate generator mode

Capture Mode. In Capture Mode there are two options which are selected by the bit EXEN2 in T2CON. Figure 28., page 81 illustrates Capture mode.

If EXEN2 = 0, then Timer 2 is a 16-bit timer if C/T2 = 0, or it is a 16-bit counter if C/T2 = 1, either of which sets the interrupt flag bit TF2 upon overflow.

If EXEN2 = 1, then Timer 2 still does the above, but with the added feature that a 1-to-0 transition at external input pin T2X causes the current value in the Timer 2 registers, TL2 and TH2, to be captured into Registers RCAP2L and RCAP2H, respectively. In addition, the transition at T2X causes interrupt flag bit EXF2 in T2CON to be set. Either flag TF2 or EXF2 will generate an interrupt and the MCU must read both flags to determine

the cause. Flags TF2 and EXF2 are not automatically cleared by hardware, so the firmware servicing the interrupt must clear the flag(s) upon exit of the interrupt service routine.

Auto-reload Mode. In the Auto-reload Mode, there are again two options, which are selected by the bit EXEN2 in T2CON. Figure 29., page 81 shows Auto-reload mode.

If EXEN2 = 0, then when Timer 2 counts up and rolls over from FFFFh it not only sets the interrupt flag TF2, but also causes the Timer 2 registers to be reloaded with the 16-bit value contained in Registers RCAP2L and RCAP2H, which are preset with firmware.

If EXEN2 = 1, then Timer 2 still does the above, but with the added feature that a 1-to-0 transition at external input T2X will also trigger the 16-bit reload and set the interrupt flag EXF2. Again, firmware servicing the interrupt must read both TF2 and EXF2 to determine the cause, and clear the flag(s) upon exit.

Note: The uPSD34xx does not support selectable up/down counting in Auto-reload mode (this feature was an extension to the original 8032 architecture).

76/264

uPSD34xx - STANDARD 8032 TIMER/COUNTERS

Table 43. T2CON: Timer 2 Control Register (SFR C8h, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

TF2 EXF2 RCLK TCLK EXEN2 TR2 C/T2

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Definition

Timer 2 flag, causes interrupt if enabled.

7 TF2 R,W

TF2 is set by hardware upon overflow. Must be cleared by firmware. TF2 will not be set when either RCLK or TCLK =1.

Timer 2 flag, causes interrupt if enabled.

6 EXF2 R,W

EXF2 is set when a capture or reload is caused by a negative transition on T2X pin and EXEN2 = 1. EXF2 must be cleared by firmware.

UART0 Receive Clock control.

CP/RL2

RCLK

(1)

R,W

When RCLK = 1, UART0 uses Timer 2 overflow pulses for its receive clock in Modes 1 and 3. RCLK=0, Timer 1 overflow is used for its receive clock

UART0 Transmit Clock control.

TCLK

(1)

R,W

When TCLK = 1, UART0 uses Timer 2 overflow pulses for its transmit clock in Modes 1 and 3. TCLK=0, Timer 1 overflow is used for transmit clock

Timer 2 External Enable.

3 EXEN2 R,W

When EXEN2 = 1, capture or reload results when negative edge on pin T2X occurs. EXEN2 = 0 causes Timer 2 to ignore events at pin T2X.

Timer 2 run control.

2 TR2 R,W

1 = Timer/Counter 2 is on, 0 = Timer Counter 2 is off.

Counter or Timer function select.

1C/T2

R,W

When C/T2

= 0, function is timer, clocked by internal clock. When C/T2 =

1, function is counter, clocked by signal sampled on external pin, T2.

Capture/Reload.

= 1, capture occurs on negative transition at pin T2X if

= 0, auto-reload occurs when Timer 2

0CP/RL2

R,W

When CP/RL2 EXEN2 = 1. When CP/RL2 overflows, or on negative transition at pin T2X when EXEN2=1. When RCLK = 1 or TCLK = 1, CP/RL2

is ignored, and Timer 2 is forced to auto-

reload upon Timer 2 overflow

Note: 1. The RCLK1 and TCLK1 Bits in the SFR named PCON control UART1, and have the exact same function as RCLK and TCLK.

77/264

uPSD34xx - STANDARD 8032 TIMER/COUNTERS

Table 44. Timer/Counter 2 Operating Modes

Bits in T2CON SFR

Mode

16-bit

RCLK

TCLK

CP/

RL2

TR2 EXEN2

001 0 x

T2X

Remarks

reload [RCAP2H, RCAP2L] to [TH2, TL2] upon overflow (up counting)

Auto-

reload

001 1 ↓

reload [RCAP2H, RCAP2L] to [TH2, TL2] at falling edge on pin T2X

0 1 1 0 x 16-bit Timer/Counter (up counting)

16-bit

Capture

011 1 ↓

Capture [TH2, TL2] and store to [RCAP2H, RCAP2L] at falling edge on pin T2X

Baud Rate

Generator

1 x 1 0 x No overflow interrupt request (TF2)

1x1 1 ↓ Extra Interrupt on pin T2X, sets TF2

Off x x 0 x x Timer 2 stops – –

Note: ↓ = falling edge

Input Clock

Timer,

Internal

OSC

/12

Counter, External

(Pin T2,

P1.0)

MAX

/24

OSC

MAX

/24

OSC

–

78/264

uPSD34xx - STANDARD 8032 TIMER/COUNTERS

Baud Rate Generator Mode. The RCLK and/or

TCLK Bits in the SFR T2CON allow the transmit and receive baud rates on serial port UART0 to be derived from either Timer 1 or Timer 2. Figure

30., page 82 illustrates Baud Rate Generator

Mode. When TCLK = 0, Timer 1 is used as UART0’s

transmit baud generator. When TCLK = 1, Timer 2 will be the transmit baud generator. RCLK has the same effect for UART0’s receive baud rate. With these two bits, UART0 can have different receive and transmit baud rates - one generated by Timer 1, the other by Timer 2.

Note: Bits RCLK1 and TCLK1 in the SFR named PCON (see PCON: Power Control Register (SFR

87h, reset value 00h), page 52) have identical

functions as RCLK and TCLK but they apply to UART1 instead. For simplicity in the following discussions about baud rate generation, no suffix will be used when referring to SFR registers and bits related to UART0 or UART1, since each UART interface has identical operation. Example, TCLK or TCLK1 will be referred to as just TCLK.

The Baud Rate Generator Mode is similar to the Auto-reload Mode, in that a roll over in TH2 causes the Timer 2 registers, TH2 and TL2, to be reloaded with the 16-bit value in Registers RCAP2H and RCAP2L, which are preset with firmware.

The baud rates in UART Modes 1 and 3 are determined by Timer 2’s overflow rate as follows:

UART Mode 1,3 Baud Rate = Timer 2 Overflow Rate / 16

The timer can be configured for either “timer” or “counter” operation. In the most typical applications, it is configured for “timer” operation (C/T2

0). “Timer” operation is a little different for Timer 2 when it's being used as a baud rate generator. In this case, the baud rate is given by the formula:

UART Mode 1,3 Baud Rate =

/(32 x [65536 – [RCAP2H, RCAP2L]))

OSC

where [RCAP2H, RCAP2L] is the content of the SFRs RCAP2H and RCAP2L taken as a 16-bit unsigned integer.

A roll-over in TH2 does not set TF2, and will not generate an interrupt. Therefore, the Timer Interrupt does not have to be disabled when Timer 2 is in the Baud Rate Generator Mode.

If EXEN2 is set, a 1-to-0 transition on pin T2X will set the Timer 2 interrupt flag EXF2, but will not cause a reload from RCAP2H and RCAP2L to TH2 and TL2. Thus when Timer 2 is in use as a baud rate generator, the pin T2X can be used as an extra external interrupt, if desired.

When Timer 2 is running (TR2 = 1) in a “timer” function in the Baud Rate Generator Mode, firmware should not read or write TH2 or TL2. Under these conditions the results of a read or write may not be accurate. However, SFRs RCAP2H and RCAP2L may be read, but should not be written, because a write might overlap a reload and cause write and/or reload errors. Timer 2 should be turned off (clear TR2) before accessing Timer 2 or Registers RCAP2H and RCAP2L, in this case.

Table 45., page 80 shows commonly used baud

rates and how they can be obtained from Timer 2, with T2CON = 34h.

79/264

uPSD34xx - STANDARD 8032 TIMER/COUNTERS

Table 45. Commonly Used Baud Rates Generated from Timer2 (T2CON = 34h)

MHz

OSC

40.0 115200 FF F5 113636 -1.36%

40.0 57600 FF EA 56818 -1.36%

40.0 28800 FF D5 29070 0.94%

40.0 19200 FF BF 19231 0.16%

40.0 9600 FF 7E 9615 0.16%

36.864 115200 FF F6 115200 0

36.864 57600 FF EC 57600 0

36.864 28800 FF D8 28800 0

36.864 19200 FF C4 19200 0

36.864 9600 FF 88 9600 0

36.0 28800 FF D9 28846 0.16%

36.0 19200 FF C5 19067 -0.69%

36.0 9600 FF 8B 9615 0.16%

24.0 57600 FF F3 57692 0.16%

24.0 28800 FF E6 28846 0.16%

24.0 19200 FF D9 19231 0.16%

24.0 9600 FF B2 9615 0.16%

12.0 28800 FF F3 28846 0.16%

12.0 9600 FF D9 9615 0.16%

11.0592 115200 FF FD 115200 0

11.0592 57600 FF FA 57600 0

11.0592 28800 FF F4 28800 0

11.0592 19200 FF EE 19200 0

11.0592 9600 FF DC 9600 0

3.6864 115200 FF FF 115200 0

3.6864 57600 FF FE 57600 0

3.6864 28800 FF FC 28800 0

3.6864 19200 FF FA 19200 0

3.6864 9600 FF F4 9600 0

1.8432 19200 FF FD 19200 0

1.8432 9600 FF FA 9600 0

Desired

Baud Rate

RCAP2H (hex) RCAP2L(hex)

Timer 2 SFRs

Resulting

Baud Rate

Deviation

80/264

Figure 28. Timer 2 in Capture Mode

uPSD34xx - STANDARD 8032 TIMER/COUNTERS

OSC

T2 pin

T2X pin

÷ 12

Transition

Detector

C/T2 = 0

C/T2 = 1

TR2

EXEN2

Control

Capture

Control

Figure 29. Timer 2 in Auto-Reload Mode

OSC

T2 pin

÷ 12

C/T2 = 0

C/T2 = 1

Control

TL2

(8 bits)

RCAP2L

TL2

(8 bits)

TH2

(8 bits)

RCAP2H

TH2

(8 bits)

TF2

Timer 2 Interrupt

EXP2

AI06625

TF2

T2X pin

Transition

Detector

TR2

EXEN2

Reload

Control

RCAP2L

Timer 2 Interrupt

RCAP2H

EXP2

AI06626

81/264

uPSD34xx - STANDARD 8032 TIMER/COUNTERS

Figure 30. Timer 2 in Baud Rate Generator Mode

Timer 1 Overflow

OSC

T2 pin

T2X pin

Note: Oscillator frequency is divided by 2,

not 12 like in other timer modes.

÷ 12

C/T2 = 0

C/T2 = 1

Transition

Detector

Note: Availability of additional external interrupt.

Control

TR2

Control

EXEN2

(8 bits)

RCAP2L

TL2

EXF2

TH2

(8 bits)

Reload

RCAP2H

÷ 2

'0'

'1'

Timer 2 Interrupt

'0'

'1'

RCLK

TCLK

SMOD

÷ 16

RX CLK

TX CLK

AI09605

82/264

SERIAL UART INTERFACES

uPSD34xx devices provide two standard 8032 UART serial ports.

– The first port, UART0, is connected to pins

RxD0 (P3.0) and TxD0 (P3.1)

– The second port, UART1 is connected to pins

RxD1 (P1.2) and TxD1 (P1.3). UART1 can optionally be routed to pins P4.2 and P4.3 as described in Alternate Functions, page 60.

The operation of the two serial ports are the same and are controlled by two SFRs:

■ SCON0 (Table 47., page 84) for UART0

■ SCON1 (Table 48., page 85) for UART1

Each UART has its own data buffer accessed through an SFR listed below:

■ SBUF0 for UART0, address 99h

■ SBUF1 for UART1, address D9h

When writing SBU0 or SBUF1, the data automatically loads into the associated UART transmit data register. When reading this SFR, data comes from a different physical register, which is the receive register of the associated UART.

Note: For simplicity in the remaining UART discussions, the suffix “0” or “1” will be dropped when referring to SFR registers and bits related to UART0 or UART1, since each UART interface has identical operation. Example, SBUF0 and SBUF1 will be referred to as just SBUF.

Each UART serial port can be full-duplex, meaning it can transmit and receive simultaneously. Each UART is also receive-buffered, meaning it can commence reception of a second byte before a previously received byte has been read from the SBUF Register. However, if the first byte still has not been read by the time reception of the second byte is complete, one of the bytes will be lost.

UART Operation Modes

Each UART can operate in one of four modes, one mode is synchronous, and the others are asynchronous as shown in Table 46.

uPSD34xx - SERIAL UART INTERFACES

Mode 0. Mode 0 provides asynchronous, half-du-

plex operation. Serial data is both transmitted, and received on the RxD pin. The TxD pin outputs a shift clock for both transmit and receive directions, thus the MCU must be the master. Eight bits are transmitted/received LSB first. The baud rate is fixed at 1/12 of f

Mode 1. Mode 1 provides standard asynchronous, full-duplex communication using a total of 10 bits per data byte. Data is transmitted through TxD and received through RxD with: a Start Bit (logic '0'), eight data bits (LSB first), and a Stop Bit (logic '1'). Upon receive, the eight data bits go into the SFR SBUF, and the Stop Bit goes into bit RB8 of the SFR SCON. The baud rate is variable and derived from overflows of Timer 1 or Timer 2.

Mode 2. Mode 2 provides asynchronous, full-duplex communication using a total of 11 bits per data byte. Data is transmitted through TxD and received through RxD with: a Start Bit (logic '0'); eight data bits (LSB first); a programmable 9th data bit; and a Stop Bit (logic '1'). Upon Transmit, the 9th data bit (from bit TB8 in SCON) can be assigned the value of '0' or '1.' Or, for example, the Parity Bit (P, in the PSW) could be moved into TB8. Upon receive, the 9th data bit goes into RB8 in SCON, while the Stop Bit is ignored. The baud rate is programmable to either 1/32 or 1/64 of

OSC

Mode 3. Mode 3 is the same as Mode 2 in all respects except the baud rate is variable like it is in Mode 1.

In all four modes, transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a destination register. Reception is initiated in Mode 0 by the condition RI = 0 and REN = 1. Reception is initiated in the other modes by the incoming Start Bit if REN = 1.

OSC

Table 46. UART Operating Modes

Bits of SFR,

Mode Synchronization

0 Synchronous 0 0

1 Asynchronous 0 1 Timer 1 or Timer 2 Overflow 8 1 Start, 1 Stop

2 Asynchronous 1 0

3 Asynchronous 1 1 Timer 1 or Timer 2 Overflow 9 1 Start, 1 Stop

SCON

SM0 SM1

Baud Clock

OSC

/32 or f

OSC

/12

OSC

/64

Data

Start/Stop Bits See Figure

Bits

8 None

9 1 Start, 1 Stop

Figure

31., page 88

Figure

33., page 90

Figure

35., page 92

Figure

37., page 93

83/264

uPSD34xx - SERIAL UART INTERFACES

Multiprocessor Communications. Modes 2 and

3 have a special provision for multiprocessor communications. In these modes, 9 data bits are received. The 9th one goes into bit RB8, then comes a stop bit. The port can be programmed such that when the stop bit is received, the UART interrupt will be activated only if bit RB8 = 1. This feature is enabled by setting bit SM2 in SCON. A way to use this feature in multi-processor systems is as follows: When the master processor wants to transmit a block of data to one of several slaves, it first sends out an address byte which identifies the target slave. An address byte differs from a data byte in that the 9th bit is 1 in an address byte and 0 in a data byte. With SM2 = 1, no slave will be interrupted by a data byte. An address byte, however, will interrupt all slaves, so that each slave can examine the received byte and see if it is being ad-

dressed. The addressed slave will clear its SM2 bit and prepare to receive the data bytes that will be coming. The slaves that were not being addressed leave their SM2 bits set and go on about their business, ignoring the coming data bytes.

SM2 has no effect in Mode 0, and in Mode 1, SM2 can be used to check the validity of the stop bit. In a Mode 1 reception, if SM2 = 1, the receive interrupt will not be activated unless a valid stop bit is received.

Serial Port Control Registers

The SFR SCON0 controls UART0, and SCON1 controls UART1, shown in Table 47 and Table 48. These registers contain not only the mode selection bits, but also the 9th data bit for transmit and receive (bits TB8 and RB8), and the UART Interrupt flags, TI and RI.

Table 47. SCON0: Serial Port UART0 Control Register (SFR 98h, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

SM0 SM1 SM2 REN TB8 RB8 TI RI

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Definition

7 SM0 R,W Serial Mode Select, See Table 46., page 83. Important, notice bit order

of SM0 and SM1.

6SM1R,W

5SM2R,W

4RENR,W

3TB8R,W

2RB8R,W

1TIR,W

[SM0:SM1] = 00b, Mode 0 [SM0:SM1] = 01b, Mode 1 [SM0:SM1] = 10b, Mode 2 [SM0:SM1] = 11b, Mode 3

Serial Multiprocessor Communication Enable.

Mode 0: SM2 has no effect but should remain 0. Mode 1: If SM2 = 0 then stop bit ignored. SM2 =1 then RI active if stop

bit = 1. Mode 2 and 3: Multiprocessor Comm Enable. If SM2=0, 9th bit is ignored. If SM2=1, RI active when 9th bit = 1.

Receive Enable.

If REN=0, UART reception disabled. If REN=1, reception is enabled

TB8 is assigned to the 9th transmission bit in Mode 2 and 3. Not used in Mode 0 and 1.

Mode 0: RB8 is not used. Mode 1: If SM2 = 0, the RB8 is the level of the received stop bit. Mode 2 and 3: RB8 is the 9th data bit that was received in Mode 2 and

Transmit Interrupt flag.

Causes interrupt at end of 8th bit time when transmitting in Mode 0, or at beginning of stop bit transmission in other modes. Must clear flag with firmware.

Receive Interrupt flag.

0RIR,W

84/264

Causes interrupt at end of 8th bit time when receiving in Mode 0, or halfway through stop bit reception in other modes (see SM2 for exception). Must clear this flag with firmware.

uPSD34xx - SERIAL UART INTERFACES

Table 48. SCON1: Serial Port UART1 Control Register (SFR D8h, reset value 00h)

Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0

SM0 SM1 SM2 REN TB8 RB8 TI RI

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Definition

7 SM0 R,W Serial Mode Select, See Table 46., page 83. Important, notice bit order

of SM0 and SM1.

6SM1R,W

5SM2R,W

4RENR,W

3TB8R,W

2RB8R,W

1TIR,W

[SM0:SM1] = 00b, Mode 0 [SM0:SM1] = 01b, Mode 1 [SM0:SM1] = 10b, Mode 2 [SM0:SM1] = 11b, Mode 3

Serial Multiprocessor Communication Enable.

Mode 0: SM2 has no effect but should remain 0. Mode 1: If SM2 = 0 then stop bit ignored. SM2 =1 then RI active if stop

bit = 1. Mode 2 and 3: Multiprocessor Comm Enable. If SM2=0, 9th bit is ignored. If SM2=1, RI active when 9th bit = 1.

Receive Enable.

If REN=0, UART reception disabled. If REN=1, reception is enabled

TB8 is assigned to the 9th transmission bit in Mode 2 and 3. Not used in Mode 0 and 1.

Mode 0: RB8 is not used. Mode 1: If SM2 = 0, the RB8 is the level of the received stop bit. Mode 2 and 3: RB8 is the 9th data bit that was received in Mode 2 and

Transmit Interrupt flag.

Causes interrupt at end of 8th bit time when transmitting in Mode 0, or at beginning of stop bit transmission in other modes. Must clear flag with firmware.

Receive Interrupt flag.

0RIR,W

Causes interrupt at end of 8th bit time when receiving in Mode 0, or halfway through stop bit reception in other modes (see SM2 for exception). Must clear this flag with firmware.

85/264

uPSD34xx - SERIAL UART INTERFACES

UART Baud Rates

The baud rate in Mode 0 is fixed:

Mode 0 Baud Rate = f

OSC

/ 12

The baud rate in Mode 2 depends on the value of the bit SMOD in the SFR named PCON. If SMOD = 0 (default value), the baud rate is 1/64 the oscillator frequency, f

. If SMOD = 1, the baud rate

OSC

is 1/32 the oscillator frequency.

SMOD

Mode 2 Baud Rate = (2

/ 64) x f

OSC

Baud rates in Modes 1 and 3 are determined by the Timer 1 or Timer 2 overflow rate.

Using Timer 1 to Generate Baud Rates. When Timer 1 is used as the baud rate generator (bits RCLK = 0, TCLK = 0), the baud rates in Modes 1 and 3 are determined by the Timer 1 overflow rate and the value of SMOD as follows:

Mode 1,3 Baud Rate =

SMOD

/ 32) x (Timer 1 overflow rate)

Table 49. Commonly Used Baud Rates Generated from Timer 1

UART Mode

Mode 0 Max 40.0 3.33MHz 3.33MHz 0 X X X X

Mode 2 Max 40.0 1250 k 1250 k 0 1 X X X

Mode 2 Max 40.0 625 k 625 k 0 0 X X X

Modes 1 or 3 40.0 19200 18939 -1.36% 1 0 2 F5

Modes 1 or 3 40.0 9600 9470 -1.36% 1 0 2 EA

Modes 1 or 3 36.0 19200 18570 -2.34% 1 0 2 F6

Modes 1 or 3 33.333 57600 57870 0.47% 1 0 2 FD

Modes 1 or 3 33.333 28800 28934 0.47% 1 0 2 FA

Modes 1 or 3 33.333 19200 19290 0.47% 1 0 2 F7

Modes 1 or 3 33.333 9600 9645 0.47% 1 0 2 EE

Modes 1 or 3 24.0 9600 9615 0.16% 1 0 2 F3

Modes 1 or 3 12.0 4800 4808 0.16% 1 0 2 F3

Modes 1 or 3 11.0592 57600 57600 0 1 0 2 FF

Modes 1 or 3 11.0592 28800 28800 0 1 0 2 FE

Modes 1 or 3 11.0592 19200 19200 0 1 0 2 FD

Modes 1 or 3 11.0592 9600 9600 0 1 0 2 FA

Modes 1 or 3 3.6864 19200 19200 0 1 0 2 FF

Modes 1 or 3 3.6864 9600 9600 0 1 0 2 FE

Modes 1 or 3 1.8432 9600 9600 0 1 0 2 FF

Modes 1 or 3 1.8432 4800 4800 0 1 0 2 FE

OSC

MHz

Desired

Baud Rate

Resultant

Baud Rate

The Timer 1 Interrupt should be disabled in this application. The Timer itself can be configured for either “timer” or “counter” operation, and in any of its 3 running modes. In the most typical applications, it is configured for “timer” operation, in the Auto-reload Mode (high nibble of the SFR TMOD = 0010B). In that case the baud rate is given by the formula:

Mode 1,3 Baud Rate =

SMOD

/ 32) x (f

/ (12 x [256 – (TH1)]))

OSC

Table 49 lists various commonly used baud rates and how they can be obtained from Timer 1.

Using Timer/Counter 2 to Generate Baud Rates. See Baud Rate Generator

Mode, page 79.

Timer 1

Timer

Mode in

TMOD

value (hex)

Baud Rate

Deviation

SMOD

bit in

PCON

C/T Bit

in TMOD

TH1

Reload

86/264

More About UART Mode 0

Refer to the block diagram in Figure 31., page 88, and timing diagram in Figure 32., page 88.

Transmission is initiated by any instruction which writes to the SFR named SBUF. At the end of a write operation to SBUF, a 1 is loaded into the 9th position of the transmit shift register and tells the TX Control unit to begin a transmission. Transmission begins on the following MCU machine cycle, when the “SEND” signal is active in Figure 32.

SEND enables the output of the shift register to the alternate function on the port containing pin RxD, and also enables the SHIFT CLOCK signal to the alternate function on the port containing the pin, TxD. At the end of each SHIFT CLOCK in which SEND is active, the contents of the transmit shift register are shifted to the right one position.

As data bits shift out to the right, zeros come in from the left. When the MSB of the data byte is at the output position of the shift register, then the '1' that was initially loaded into the 9th position, is just to the left of the MSB, and all positions to the left of that contain zeros. This condition flags the TX

uPSD34xx - SERIAL UART INTERFACES

Control unit to do one last shift, then deactivate SEND, and then set the interrupt flag TI. Both of these actions occur at S1P1.

Reception is initiated by the condition REN = 1 and RI = 0. At the end of the next MCU machine cycle, the RX Control unit writes the bits 11111110 to the receive shift register, and in the next clock phase activates RECEIVE. RECEIVE enables the SHIFT CLOCK signal to the alternate function on the port containing the pin, TxD. Each pulse of SHIFT CLOCK moves the contents of the receive shift register one position to the left while RECEIVE is active. The value that comes in from the right is the value that was sampled at the RxD pin. As data bits come in from the right, 1s shift out to the left. When the 0 that was initially loaded into the rightmost position arrives at the left-most position in the shift register, it flags the RX Control unit to do one last shift, and then it loads SBUF. After this, RECEIVE is cleared, and the receive interrupt flag RI is set.

87/264

uPSD34xx - SERIAL UART INTERFACES

Figure 31. UART Mode 0, Block Diagram

Internal Bus

Write

SBUF

Zero Detector

RxD Pin

Start

OSC

/12

REN

Serial

Port

Interrupt

Tx Clock

Rx Clock

Start

Load

SBUF

Read SBUF

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Figure 32. UART Mode 0, Timing Diagram

Tx Control

Rx Control

Input Shift Register

SBUF

Internal Bus

Shift

Send

Receive

Shift

Clock

RxD P3.0 Alt Input Function

TxD Pin

AI06824

88/264

Write to SBUF

Send

Shift

RxD (Data Out)

TxD (Shift Clock)

Write to SCON

Receive

Shift

RxD (Data In)

TxD (Shift Clock)

D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

Clear RI

D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

Transmit

Receive

AI06825

More About UART Mode 1

Refer to the block diagram in Figure 33., page 90, and timing diagram in Figure 34., page 90.

Transmission is initiated by any instruction which writes to SBUF. At the end of a write operation to SBUF, a '1' is loaded into the 9th position of the transmit shift register and flags the TX Control unit that a transmission is requested. Transmission actually starts at the end of the MCU the machine cycle following the next rollover in the divide-by-16 counter. Thus, the bit times are synchronized to the divide-by-16 counter, not to the writing of SBUF. Transmission begins with activation of SEND which puts the start bit at pin TxD. One bit time later, DATA is activated, which enables the output bit of the transmit shift register to pin TxD. The first shift pulse occurs one bit time after that. As data bits shift out to the right, zeros are clocked in from the left. When the MSB of the data byte is at the output position of the shift register, then the 1 that was initially loaded into the 9th position is just to the left of the MSB, and all positions to the left of that contain zeros. This condition flags the TX Control unit to do one last shift and then deactivates SEND, and sets the interrupt flag, TI. This occurs at the 10th divide-by-16 rollover after a write to SBUF.

Reception is initiated by a detected 1-to-0 transition at the pin RxD. For this purpose RxD is sampled at a rate of 16 times whatever baud rate has been established. When a transition is detected, the divide-by-16 counter is immediately reset, and 1FFH is written into the input shift register. Resetting the divide-by-16 counter aligns its rollovers

uPSD34xx - SERIAL UART INTERFACES

with the boundaries of the incoming bit times. The 16 states of the counter divide each bit time into 16ths. At the 7th, 8th, and 9th counter states of each bit time, the bit detector samples the value of RxD. The value accepted is the value that was seen in at least 2 of the 3 samples. This is done for noise rejection. If the value accepted during the first bit time is not '0,' the receive circuits are reset and the unit goes back to looking for another '1'-to'0' transition. This is to provide rejection of false start bits. If the start bit proves valid, it is shifted into the input shift register, and reception of the reset of the rest of the frame will proceed. As data bits come in from the right, '1s' shift out to the left. When the start bit arrives at the left-most position in the shift register (which in mode 1 is a 9-bit register), it flags the RX Control unit to do one last shift, load SBUF and RB8, and set the receive interrupt flag RI. The signal to load SBUF and RB8, and to set RI, will be generated if, and only if, the following conditions are met at the time the final shift pulse is generated:

1. RI = 0, and

2. Either SM2 = 0, or the received stop bit = 1. If either of these two conditions are not met, the re-

ceived frame is irretrievably lost. If both conditions are met, the stop bit goes into RB8, the 8 data bits go into SBUF, and RI is activated. At this time, whether the above conditions are met or not, the unit goes back to looking for a '1'-to-'0' transition on pin RxD.

89/264

uPSD34xx - SERIAL UART INTERFACES

Figure 33. UART Mode 1, Block Diagram

SMOD

TCLK

RCLK

Timer1

Overflow

÷2

Timer2

Overflow

Write

SBUF

RxD

Sample

1-to-0

Transition

Detector

÷16

Serial

Port

Interrupt

Rx Detector

TB8

Start

Tx Clock

÷16

Rx Clock

Start

Load

SBUF

Read

SBUF

Internal Bus

SBUF

Zero Detector

Tx Control

Rx Control

1FFh

Input Shift Register

SBUF

Shift

Send

Load SBUF

Data

Shift

TxD

Figure 34. UART Mode 1, Timing Diagram

Tx Clock

Write to SBUF

Send

Data

90/264

Shift

TxD

Rx Clock

RxD

Bit Detector

Sample Times

Shift

Start Bit

D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

Internal Bus

Stop Bit

AI06826

Transmit

Receive

AI06843

More About UART Modes 2 and 3

For Mode 2, refer to the block diagram in Figure

35., page 92, and timing diagram in Figure

36., page 92. For Mode 3, refer to the block dia-

gram in Figure 37., page 93, and timing diagram in

Figure 38., page 93.

Keep in mind that the baud rate is programmable to either 1/32 or 1/64 of f

in Mode 2, but Mode

OSC

3 uses a variable baud rate generated from Timer 1 or Timer 2 rollovers.

The receive portion is exactly the same as in Mode

1. The transmit portion differs from Mode 1 only in the 9th bit of the transmit shift register.

Transmission is initiated by any instruction which writes to SBUF. At the end of a write operation to SBUF, the TB8 Bit is loaded into the 9th position of the transmit shift register and flags the TX Control unit that a transmission is requested. Transmission actually starts at the end of the MCU the machine cycle following the next rollover in the divideby-16 counter. Thus, the bit times are synchronized to the divide-by-16 counter, not to the writing of SBUF. Transmission begins with activation of SEND which puts the start bit at pin TxD. One bit time later, DATA is activated, which enables the output bit of the transmit shift register to pin TxD. The first shift pulse occurs one bit time after that. The first shift clocks a '1' (the stop bit) into the 9th bit position of the shift register. There-after, only zeros are clocked in. Thus, as data bits shift out to the right, zeros are clocked in from the left. When bit TB8 is at the output position of the shift register, then the stop bit is just to the left of TB8, and all positions to the left of that contain zeros. This condition flags the TX Control unit to do one last shift and then deactivate SEND, and set the interrupt

uPSD34xx - SERIAL UART INTERFACES

flag, TI. This occurs at the 11th divide-by 16 rollover after writing to SBUF.

Reception is initiated by a detected 1-to-0 transition at pin RxD. For this purpose RxD is sampled at a rate of 16 times whatever baud rate has been established. When a transition is detected, the divide-by-16 counter is immediately reset, and 1FFH is written to the input shift register. At the 7th, 8th, and 9th counter states of each bit time, the bit detector samples the value of RxD. The value accepted is the value that was seen in at least 2 of the 3 samples. If the value accepted during the first bit time is not '0,' the receive circuits are reset and the unit goes back to looking for another '1'-to'0' transition. If the start bit proves valid, it is shifted into the input shift register, and reception of the rest of the frame will proceed. As data bits come in from the right, '1s' shift out to the left. When the start bit arrives at the left-most position in the shift register (which in Modes 2 and 3 is a 9-bit register), it flags the RX Control unit to do one last shift, load SBUF and RB8, and set the interrupt flag RI. The signal to load SBUF and RB8, and to set RI, will be generated if, and only if, the following conditions are met at the time the final shift pulse is generated:

1. RI = 0, and

2. Either SM2 = 0, or the received 9th data bit = 1. If either of these conditions is not met, the received frame is irretrievably lost, and RI is not set. If both conditions are met, the received 9th data bit goes into RB8, and the first 8 data bits go into SBUF. One bit time later, whether the above conditions were met or not, the unit goes back to looking for a '1'-to-'0' transition on pin RxD.

91/264

uPSD34xx - SERIAL UART INTERFACES

Figure 35. UART Mode 2, Block Diagram

OSC

SMOD

÷2

/32

Write

SBUF

RxD

Sample

1-to-0

Transition

Detector

÷16

Serial

Port

Interrupt

Rx Detector

TB8

Start

Tx Clock

÷16

Rx Clock

Start

Load

SBUF

Read

SBUF

Internal Bus

SBUF

Zero Detector

Tx Control

Rx Control

1FFh

Input Shift Register

SBUF

Shift

Send

Load SBUF

Data

Shift

TxD

Figure 36. UART Mode 2, Timing Diagram

Tx Clock

Write to SBUF

Send

Data

92/264

Shift

TxD

Stop Bit

Generator

Rx Clock

RxD

Bit Detector

Sample Times

Shift

Start Bit

D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

Internal Bus

TB8

RB8

Stop Bit

AI06844

Transmit

Receive

AI06845

Figure 37. UART Mode 3, Block Diagram

uPSD34xx - SERIAL UART INTERFACES

SMOD

TCLK

RCLK

Timer1

Overflow

÷2

Timer2

Overflow

Write

SBUF

RxD

Sample

1-to-0

Transition

Detector

÷16

Serial

Port

Interrupt

Rx Detector

TB8

Start

Tx Clock

÷16

Rx Clock

Start

Load

SBUF

Read

SBUF

Internal Bus

SBUF

Zero Detector

Tx Control

Rx Control

1FFh

Input Shift Register

SBUF

Shift

Send

Load SBUF

Data

Shift

TxD

Figure 38. UART Mode 3, Timing Diagram

Tx Clock

Write to SBUF

Send

Data

Shift

TxD

Stop Bit

Generator

Rx Clock

RxD

Bit Detector

Sample Times

Shift

Start Bit

D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

Internal Bus

TB8

RB8

Stop Bit

AI06846

Transmit

Receive

AI06847

93/264

uPSD34xx - IrDA INTERFACE

IrDA INTERFACE

uPSD34xx devices provide an internal IrDA interface that will allow the connection of the UART1 serial interface directly to an external infrared transceiver device. The IrDA interface does this by automatically shortening the pulses transmitted on UART1’s TxD1 pin, and stretching the incoming pulses received on the RxD1 pin. Reference Figures 39 and 40.

When the IrDA interface is enabled, the output signal from UART1’s transmitter logic on pin TxD1 is

Figure 39. IrDA Interface

compliant with the IrDA Physical Layer Link Specification v1.4 (www.irda.org) operating from 1.2k bps up to 115.2k bps. The pulses received on the RxD1 pin are stretched by the IrDA interface to be recognized by UART1’s receiver logic, also adhering to the IrDA specification up to 115.2k bps.

Note: In Figure 40 a logic '0' in the serial data stream of a UART Frame corresponds to a logic high pulse in an IR Frame. A logic '1' in a UART Frame corresponds to no pulse in an IR Frame.

SIRClk

UA RT1

TxD

RxD

uPSD34xx

IrDA

Int er f ac e

Figure 40. Pulse Shaping by the IrDA Interface

UART Frame

Start

Bit

0101 11 100 0

Start

Bit

Data Bits

UART Frame

IR Frame

Data Bits

TxD1-IrDA

Ir DA

Transceiver

Rx D1- IrDA

AI10437

Stop

Bit

Stop

Bit

94/264

0101 11 100 0

IR Frame

Bit Time

Pulse Width = 3/16 Bit Time

AI10438

uPSD34xx - IrDA INTERFACE

The UART1 serial channel can operate in one of four different modes as shown in Table

46., page 83 in the section, SERIAL UART INTERFACES, page 83. However, when UART1

is used for IrDA communication, UART1 must operate in Mode 1 only, to be compatible with IrDA protocol up to 115.2k bps. The IrDA interface will support baud rates generated from Timer 1 or Timer 2, just like standard UART serial communication, but with one restriction. The transmit baud rate and receive baud rate must be the same (cannot be different rates as is allowed by standard UART communications).

The IrDA Interface is disabled after a reset and is enabled by setting the IRDAEN Bit in the SFR named IRDACON (Table 50., page 95). When

IrDA is disabled, the UART1's RxD and TxD signals will bypass the internal IrDA logic and instead they are routed directly to the pins RxD1 and TxD1 respectively. When IrDA is enabled, the IrDA pulse shaping logic is active and resides between UART1 and the pins RxD1 and TxD1 as shown in

Figure 39., page 94.

Baud Rate Selection

The IrDA standard only supports 2.4, 9.6, 19.2, and 115.2kbps. Table Table 52., page 96 informs the IrDA Interface of the baud rate of UART#2 so that it can perform pulse modulation properly. It may not be necessary to implement the BR[3:0] bits in the IRDACON Register if the IrDA Interface obtains the proper timing from UART#2.

Table 50. IRDACON Register Bit Definition (SFR CEh, Reset Value 0Fh)

Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

– IRDAEN PULSE CDIV4 CDIV3 CDIV2 CDIV1 CDIV0

Details

Bit Symbol R/W Definition

7 – – Reserved

IrDA Enable

6 IRDAEN RW

5PULSERW

4-0 CDIV[4:0] RW Specify Clock Divider (see Table 53., page 97)

0 = IrDA Interface is disabled 1 = IrDA is enabled, UART1 outputs are disconnected from Port 1 (or Por t 4)

IrDA Pulse Modulation Select

0 = 1.627µs 1 = 3/16 bit time pulses

Table 51. Baud Rate Selection Register (SFR xxh, reset value xxh)

Bit Symbol R/W Definition

7:4 BR[3:0] R,W Specify Baud Rate (see Table 52)

IrDA Pulse Modulation Select

3:2 PULSE R,W

1:0 IRDAEN R,W

0 = 3/16 bit time pulses (not recommended) 1 = 1.627µs

0 = IrDA Interface is disabled 1 = IrDA is enabled, UART#2 outputs are disconnected from Port 1 (or Por t 4)

95/264

uPSD34xx - IrDA INTERFACE

Table 52. Baud Rate of UART#2 for IrDA Interface

BR3 BR2 BR1 BR0 Baud Rate (kbps)

0 0 0 0 115.2

000157.5

001038.4

001119.2

010014.4

010112.8

01109.6

01117.2

10004.8

10013.6

10102.4

10111.8

11001.2

96/264

uPSD34xx - IrDA INTERFACE

Pulse Width Selection

The IrDA interface has two ways to modulate the standard UART1 serial stream:

1. An IrDA data pulse will have a constant pulse width for any bit time, regardless of the selected baud rate.

2. An IrDA data pulse will have a pulse width that is proportional to the the bit time of the selected baud rate. In this case, an IrDA data pulse width is 3/16 of its bit time, as shown in

Figure 40., page 94.

The PULSE bit in the SFR named IRDACON determines which method above will be used.

According to the IrDA physical layer specification, for all baud rates at 115.2k bps and below, the minimum data pulse width is 1.41µs. For a baud rate of 115.2k bps, the maximum pulse width

2.23µs. If a constant pulse width is to be used for

all baud rates (PULSE bit = 0), the ideal general pulse width is 1.63µs, derived from the bit time of

Table 53. Recommended CDIV[4:0] Values to Generate SIRClk (default CDIV[4:0] = 0Fh, 15 decimal)

(MHz)

OSC

40.00 16h, 22 decimal 1.82

36.864, or 36.00 14h, 20 decimal 1.84, or 1.80

24.00 0Dh, 13 decimal 1.84

11.059, or 12.00 06h, 6 decimal 1.84, or 2.00

(1)

7.3728

Note: 1. When PULSE bit = 0 (fixed data pulse width), this is minimum recommended f

Value in CDIV[4:0]

04h, 4 decimal 1.84

the fastest baud rate (8.68µs bit time for 115.2k bps rate), multiplied by the proportion, 3/16.

To produce this fixed data pulse width when the PULSE bit = 0, a prescaler is needed to generate an internal reference clock, SIRClk, shown in Fig-

ure 39., page 94. SIRClk is derived by dividing the

oscillator clock frequency, f

using the five bits

OSC,

CDIV[4:0] in the SFR named IRDACON. A divisor must be chosen to produce a frequency for SIRClk that lies between 1.34 MHz and 2.13 MHz, but it is best to choose a divisor value that produces SIRClk frequency as close to 1.83MHz as possible, because SIRClk at 1.83MHz will produce an fixed IrDA data pulse width of 1.63µs. Table 53 provides recommended values for CDIV[4:0] based on several different values of f

OSC

For reference, SIRClk of 2.13MHz will generate a fixed IrDA data pulse width of 1.41µs, and SIRClk of 1.34MHz will generate a fixed data pulse width of 2.23µs.

Resulting f

because CDIV[4:0] must be 4 or greater.

OSC

SIRCLK

(MHz)

97/264

uPSD34xx - I2C INTERFACE

I2C INTERFACE

uPSD34xx devices support one serial I2C interface. This is a two-wire communication channel, having a bi-directional data signal (SDA, pin P3.6) and a clock signal (SCL, pin P3.7) based on opendrain line drivers, requiring external pull-up resistors, R Figure 41).

Byte-wide data is transferred, MSB first, between a Master device and a Slave device on two wires. More than one bus Master is allowed, but only one Master may control the bus at any given time. Data is not lost when another Master requests the use of a busy bus because I tection and arbitration. The bus Master initiates all data movement and generates the clock that permits the transfer. Once a transfer is initiated by the Master, any device addressed is considered a Slave. Automatic clock synchronization allows I devices with different bit rates to communicate on the same physical bus. A single device can play

Figure 41. Typical I

, each with a typical value of 4.7kΩ (see

C Interface Main Features

C supports collision de-

C Bus Configuration

VCC or V

(1)

the role of Master or Slave, or a single device can be a Slave only. Each Slave device on the bus has a unique address, and a general broadcast address is also available. A Master or Slave device has the ability to suspend data transfers if the device needs more time to transmit or receive data.

C interface has the following features:

This I – Serial I/O Engine (SIOE): serial/parallel

conversion; bus arbitration; clock generation and synchronization; and handshaking are all

performed in hardware – Interrupt or Polled operation – Multi-master capability – 7-bit Addressing

– Supports standard speed I

100kHz), fast mode I

and high-speed mode I

833kHz)

C (SCL up to

C (101KHz to 400kHz),

C (401KHz to

Device with I2C

SDA

I2C BUS

Note: 1. For 3.3V system, connect RP to 3.3V VCC. For 5.0V system, connect RP to 5.0V VDD.

SCL

SDA/P3.6 SCL/P3.7

uPSD33XX(V)

Device with I2C

Interface

Device with I2C

Interface

AI09623

98/264

Communication Flow

C data flow control is based on the fact that all

C compatible devices will drive the bus lines with

I open-drain (or open-collector) line drivers pulled up with external resistors, creating a wired-AND situation. This means that either bus line (SDA or SCL) will be at a logic '1' level only when no I

C device is actively driving the line to logic '0.' The logic for handshaking, arbitration, synchronization, and collision detection is implemented by each I

C device having:

1. The ability to hold a line low against the will of

the other devices who are trying to assert the line high.

2. The ability of a device to detect that another

device is driving the line low against its will.

Assert high means the driver releases the line and external pull-ups passively raise the signal to logic '1.' Holding low means the open-drain driver is actively pulling the signal to ground for a logic '0.'

For example, if a Slave device cannot transmit or receive a byte because it is distracted by and interrupt or it has to wait for some process to complete, it can hold the SCL clock line low. Even though the Master device is generating the SCL clock, the Master will sense that the Slave is holding the SCL line low against the will of the Master, indicating that the Master must wait until the Slave releases SCL before proceeding with the transfer.

Another example is when two Master devices try to put information on the bus simultaneously, the first one to release the SDA data line looses arbitration while the winner continues to hold SDA low.

Two types of data transfers are possible with I depending on the R/W

bit, see Figure

42., page 100.

1. Data transfer from Master Transmitter to

Slave Receiver (R/W

= 0). In this case, the

Master generates a START condition on the bus and it generates a clock signal on the SCL line. Then the Master transmits the first byte on the SDA line containing the 7-bit Slave address plus the R/W

bit. The Slave who owns that address will respond with an acknowledge bit on SDA, and all other Slave devices will not respond. Next, the Master will transmit a data byte (or bytes) that the addressed Slave must receive. The Slave will return an acknowledge bit after each data byte it successfully receives. After the final byte is transmitted by the Master, the Master will generate a STOP condition on the bus, or it will generate a RE-

uPSD34xx - I2C INTERFACE

START conditon and begin the next transfer. There is no limit to the number of bytes that can be transmitted during a transfer session.

2. Data transfer from Slave Transmitter to

Master Receiver (R/W

Master generates a START condition on the bus and it generates a clock signal on the SCL line. Then the Master transmits the first byte on the SDA line containing the 7-bit Slave address plus the R/W that address will respond with an acknowledge bit on SDA, and all other Slave devices will not respond. Next, the addressed Slave will transmit a data byte (or bytes) to the Master. The Master will return an acknowledge bit after each data byte it successfully receives, unless it is the last byte the Master desires. If so, the Master will not acknowledge the last byte and from this, the Slave knows to stop transmitting data bytes to the Master. The Master will then generate a STOP condition on the bus, or it will generate a RE-START conditon and begin the next transfer. There is no limit to the number of bytes that can be

transmitted during a transfer session. A few things to know related to these transfers: – Either the Master or Slave device can hold the

SCL clock line low to indicate it needs more

time to handle a byte transfer. An indefinite

holding period is possible. – A START condition is generated by a Master

and recognized by a Slave when SDA has a 1-

to-0 transition while SCL is high (Figure

42., page 100).

– A STOP condition is generated by a Master

and recognized by a Slave when SDA has a 0-

to1 transition while SCL is high (Figure

42., page 100).

– A RE-START (repeated START) condition

generated by a Master can have the same

function as a STOP condition when starting

another data transfer immediately following

the previous data transfer (Figure

42., page 100).

– When transferring data, the logic level on the

SDA line must remain stable while SCL is

high, and SDA can change only while SCL is

low. However, when not transferring data,

SDA may change state while SCL is high,

which creates the START and STOP bus

conditions.

= 1). In this case, the

bit. The Slave who owns

99/264

uPSD34xx - I2C INTERFACE

– An Acknowlegde bit is generated from a

Master or a Slave by driving SDA low during the “ninth” bit time, just following each 8-bit byte that is transfered on the bus (Figure

42., page 100). A Non-Acknowledge occurs

when SDA is asserted high during the ninth bit time. All byte transfers on the I

C bus include a 9th bit time reserved for an Acknowlege (ACK) or Non-Acknowledge (NACK).

Figure 42. Data Transfer on an I

7-bit Slave

Address

MSB

12 78 93-6 1 2 93-8

Start

Condition

Clock can be held low

C Bus

READ/WRITE

Indicator

R/W

to stall transfer.

ACK

– An additional Master device that desires to

control the bus should wait until the bus is not busy before generating a START condition so that a possible Slave operation is not interrupted.

– If two Master devices both try to generate a

START condition simultaneously, the Master who looses arbitration will switch immediately to Slave mode so it can recoginize its own Slave address should it appear on the bus.

Acknowledge

bits from

receiver

NACK

MSB

ACK

Repeated if more

data bytes are

transferred.

Stop Condition

Repeated Start Condition

AI09625

100/264

ST uPSD3422E-40T6, uPSD3422EV-40T6, uPSD3422E-40U6, uPSD3422EV-40U6, uPSD3433E-40T6 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual