The TSH512 is a 0.4- to 11-MHz dual FM
transmitter. Access pins to each section give high
versatility and allow for several different
applications: stereo headphone, multimedia
headset, audio sub-carrier generator.
The TSH512 integrates in a single chip low-noise
audio preamplifiers with ALC (automatic level
control), frequency-modulated oscillators, and
linear output buffers to drive the external
transistors. The sinusoidal carriers facilitate the
filtering and allow high performance audio
transmission.
TSH512
and stereo sub-carrier generator
F
TQFP44
10 x 10 mm
Pin connections (top view)
36
36
Monostable
Monostable
3435
3435
33
33
32
32
31
31
30
30
29
29
28
28
27
27
26
26
25
25
24
24
23
23
3738394041
PEA
PEA
-
+
+
-
-+-
VOX
VOX
PEA
PEA
TX2
TX2
TX1
TX1
3738394041
VCO
VCO
VCO
VCO
Output
Output
buffer
buffer
Output
Output
buffer
buffer
424344
424344
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
-
+
ALC
ALC
LNA
LNA
TSH512
TSH512
-
-
+
+
LNA
LNA
+
ALC
ALC
-+
--+
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
The TSH512 forms a chipset with the dual
receiver TSH511.
The VOX (voice operated transmit) circuitry
disables the output buffer when there is no audio
signal to save battery power. For MONO
applications, the STANDBY pin enables one
transmitter only, reducing the supply current.
May 2009Doc ID 8120 Rev 71/31
www.st.com
31
ContentsTSH512
Contents
1Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1. All voltage values, except differential voltage, are with respect to network ground terminal.
2. Corporate ST Microelectronics procedure number 0018695.
3. Human body model: a 100 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged through a
1.5 kΩ resistor between two pins of the device. This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations
while the other pins are floating.
4. Charged device model: all pins and the package are charged together to the specified voltage and then
discharged directly to the ground through only one pin. This is done for all pins.
5. Machine model: a 200 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between
two pins of the device with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 Ω). This is done for all couples of
connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating.
HBM: human body model
CDM: charged device model
MM: machine model
(1)
(5)
(3)
(4)
7V
A
2
1
kV
0.2
Table 2.Operating conditions
SymbolParameterValueUnit
V
CC
f
audio
f
carrier
Supply voltage2.3 to 5.5V
Audio frequency range20 to 20,000Hz
Carrier frequency range0.4 to 11MHz
Doc ID 8120 Rev 73/31
Device diagrams and schematicsTSH512
2 Device diagrams and schematics
This section contains a detailed block diagram of the TSH512 (Figure 1), with an
accompanying pin description (Table 3 on page 5), as well as the schematics of a typical
application (Figure 2 on page 6).
Figure 1.Block diagram
DEC2
DEC2
MIC-BIAS2
MIC-BIAS2
GND
GND
VCC
VCC
SBY
SBY
VOX-INTS
VOX-INTS
VOX-SENS
VOX-SENS
VCC
VCC
GND
GND
MIC-BIAS1
MIC-BIAS1
DEC1
DEC1
VCO-BIAS2
LNA-INP2
LNA-INP2
1
1
2
2
3
3
LNA
LNA
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
LNA
LNA
9
9
10
10
11
11
1213141516171819202122
1213141516171819202122
LNA-OUT2
ALC-INT2
LNA-OUT2
LNA-INN 2
LNA-INN 2
-
+
+
-+
--+
ALC-INT2
PEA-INN2
PEA-INN2
424344
424344
ALC
ALC
TSH512
TSH512
-
-
+
+
ALC
ALC
PEA-OUT2
PEA-OUT2
PEA
PEA
-
+
+
VOX
VOX
-
-+-
PEA
PEA
VCO-BIAS2
TX2
TX2
TX1
TX1
3738394041
3738394041
VCO
VCO
VCO
VCO
VCC
VCC
VCO-A2
VCO-A2
36
36
Output
Output
buffer
buffer
Output
Output
buffer
buffer
Monostable
Monostable
VCO-OUT2
VCO-OUT2
VCO-B2
VCO-B2
3435
3435
33
33
GND
GND
32
32
BUF-IN2
BUF-IN2
31
31
BUF-OUT2
BUF-OUT2
30
30
GND
GND
29
29
VOX-TIMER
VOX-TIMER
28
28
VOX-INTN
VOX-INTN
27
27
VOX-MUTE
VOX-MUTE
26
26
VCC
VCC
25
25
BUF-OUT1
BUF-OUT1
BUF-IN1
BUF-IN1
24
24
23
23
GND
GND
LNA-INP1
LNA-INP1
LNA-INN 1
LNA-INN 1
LNA-OUT1
LNA-OUT1
4/31 Doc ID 8120 Rev 7
VCC
VCC
VCO-A1
VCO-B1
VCO-A1
ALC-INT1
PEA-INN1
ALC-INT1
PEA-INN1
PEA-OUT1
PEA-OUT1
VCO-BIAS1
VCO-BIAS1
VCO-B1
VCO-OUT1
VCO-OUT1
TSH512Device diagrams and schematics
Table 3.Pin descriptions
PinPin nameRelated to Direction
(1)
Pin description
1DEC2TX2-Decoupling capacitor for internal voltage reference
2MIC-BIAS2TX2OMicrophone bias
3GND--Ground
4VCC--Supply voltage
5SBYTX1 & TX2IStandby control (input pin)
6VOX-INTSTX1 & TX2-Time constant terminal for audio signal integrator in VOX
7VOX-SENSTX1 & TX2-Gain adjustment for VOX input sensitivity
8VCC--Supply voltage
9GND--Ground
10MIC-BIAS1TX1OMicrophone bias
11DEC1TX1-Decoupling capacitor for internal voltage reference
12LNA-INP1TX1ILNA positive input
13LNA-INN1TX1ILNA negative input
14LNA-OUT1TX1OLNA output
15ALC-INT1TX1-Time constant terminal for integrator in ALC
In this application, shown in Figure 21, the hi-fi stereo audio is amplified and level regulated
by ALC. The carrier of each transmitter TX1 or TX2 of the TSH512 is modulated in FM and
buffered to drive the LED.
Figure 21. Hi-fi stereo headphone block diagram
IR ster eo HiFi trans mitt erHeadphone side
Vcc: 2.3 to 5.5V
Current < 15 mA
2.3 MH z
filter
Right
channel
Line inputs
Left
channel
LNA + ALC
LNA + ALC
Powers upply:
2.3 to 5.5V
Icc < 20 mA stereo
TSH512TSH511
VOX
VOX
:
TX2
TX2
TX1
TX1
buffe r2
buffe r1
SBY
Vcc
LED
LED
iFi
H
2.3 & 2.8 MHz carriers
stereo
photodiode
:
:
LNA
filter
RX2
RX2
RX1
RX1
filter
2.8 MH z
Audi o
amp2
20 mW / 16 Ω
20 mW / 16 Ω
Audio
amp1
²SQUELCH
²SQUELCHSQUELCH
SBY2
SBY1
20 mW / 16 Ω
20 mW / 16 Ω
The audio signals are transmitted on the left and the right channels using 2.8- and 2.3-MHz
carriers. The VOX activates the TX1 transmitter when the audio signal is present
(Figure 22).
4.2 Sub-carrier generator application: voice-operated wireless
camera
Thanks to its operating frequency, the TSH512 offers the possibility of generating usual
audio sub-carriers for video applications (Figure 23). The camera can be voice-activated
using the VOX-MUTE output of the TSH512. The TSH512 also provides bias, amplification,
ALC for the electret microphone.
Figure 23.Typical block diagram for audio sub-carrier generator
Mini ature camera
Mini ature camera
Video
Stand-By
Stand-By
Electret Condenser
Electret Condenser
Microphone
Microphone
TSH512
TSH512
LNA + ALC
LNA + ALC
MIC. BIAS
MIC. BIAS
MIC. BIAS
MIC. BIAS
LNA + ALC
LNA + ALC
TX2
TX2
VOX
VOX
TX1
TX1
6 or 6.5 MHz
6 or 6.5 MHz
Video
filter
filter
buffer2
buffer2
SBY
SBY
buffer1
buffer1
Sub-carrier
Sub-carrier
Vcc
Vcc
VOX- MUTE
VOX- MUTE
6 or 6.5 MHz
6 or 6.5 MHz
Audio sub-carrier
Audio sub-carrier
S
S
FM 2.4 GHz
FM 2.4 GHz
transmitter
transmitter
Stand-By
Stand-By
4.3 Multimedia application
4.3.1 Headset side
The TSH512 is used in mono mode to transmit the signal of the electret condenser
microphone of the headset. The circuit is supplied by batteries and the VOX function
switches off the output stages to save energy. The usual working frequency is 1.7 MHz for
infrared mono operation.
16/31 Doc ID 8120 Rev 7
TSH512Application information
Figure 24. Headset-side block diagram
TSH511 & 512 supply :
2.3 to 5.5V, 25 mA
:
Voice transmitted to the PC
TSH5 12
LNA + ALC
MIC. BIAS
MIC. BIAS
LNA + ALC
TX2
VOX
TX1
1.7 MHz
Band-p ass
-
filter
filter
4.3.2 Computer side
In multimedia applications, the TSH512 transmits the hi-fi stereo from the PC to the
headset.
buffer2
buffer1
SBY
HiFi stereo from the PC:
HiFi
2 x 20 mW /16 Ω
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
LED
TSH5 11
Audi o
amp2
Audi o
amp1
1.7 MHz
reject
filter
f ilter
RX2
SQUELCH
SQUELCH
RX1
SBY1
SBY2
filterfilter
filterfilter
1.7 MHz
reject
Microphon e Tx:
Microphon e Tx:
1.7 MHz
1.7 MHz
carrier
carrier
2.3 MHz
-
Band-p ass
filter
filter
2.8 MHz
Band-p ass
-pass
LNA
photodiode
Stere o R x:
Stere o R x:
2.3 & 2.8 MHz
2.3 & 2.8 MHz
Figure 25. Computer-side block diagram
TSH511 & 512 supply:
2.3 to 5.5V, 24 mA
mono Rx:
1.7 MHz
HiFi stereo Tx:
2.3 & 2.8 MHz
buffe r2
LED
SBY
buffe r1
TX2
VOX
TX1
TSH5 12
LNA + ALC
LNA + ALC
photodiode
Voice from the heads et microphoneHiFi stereo
LNA
RX2
RX1
filter
1.7 MHz
Band-pass
TSH5 11
SQUELCHSQUELCH
SBY1
SBY2
Vcc
Audio
amp2
Audio
amp1
Doc ID 8120 Rev 717/31
General descriptionTSH512
5 General description
The TSH512 is a 0.4- to 11-MHz dual FM analog transmitter. This circuit offers the functions
needed for an advanced infrared STEREO transmitter. The access pins for each section
allow high versatility and therefore a lot of applications: mono infrared transmitter, stereo
transmitter, mono/stereo sub-carrier generator for video transmissions (for example the
popular 2.4 GHz video links). The block diagram for the TSH512 is shown in Figure 1 on
page 4.
Each audio input is amplified with a low noise amplifier (LNA section) allowing connection
to line level sources or directly to a microphone. Built-in MIC BIAS voltage references
provide bias for electret condenser microphones (ECM) with a high power supply rejection
ratio.
Each audio path also includes an automatic level control (ALC) to limit the overmodulation and the distortion on very high signal amplitudes. The following operational
amplifier (PEA) allows a pre-emphasis transfer function before modulating the varicap
diode.
Built-in voltage references (VCO-BIAS) offer a regulated voltage to bias the varicap diodes.
The voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is an integrated oscillator giving typically 600 mV
peak-to-peak at 2.8 MHz.
The output buffer section linearly amplifies the FM carrier to provide a sinusoidal output.
This sinusoidal signal reduces the inter-modulation products between the carriers,
especially in two-way or in multi-carrier systems (see Section 4: Application information on
page 14).
The voice operated transmit function (VOX) automatically detects when an audio signal
appears over the background noise.
The standby of the second transmitter reduces consumption in mono operation.
5.1 LNA section: low noise amplifier
For each transmitter, the audio source is connected to the LNA. The LNA stage is a low
noise operational amplifier typically usable with a gain from 0 to 40 dB.
18/31 Doc ID 8120 Rev 7
TSH512General description
Figure 26. LNA schematics
The LNA gain is given by:
G
(dB) = 20.Log(1+R
LNA
LNA2/RLNA1
)
The high-pass cut-off frequency is:
f
= 1/(2.π.R
HPF
LNA1.CLNA1
)
The lowpass filter cut-off frequency is:
f
= 1/(2.π.R
LPF
LNA2.CLNA2
)
If you connect an external circuit to the LNA output, the impedance of this external circuit
should be higher than 10 mΩ
and the capacitance lower than 50 pF in order to keep a good
stability.
Note:The capacitor C must be connected directly to input pin 12.
5.2 Electret condenser microphone source
When an electret condenser microphone (ECM) is used, a high gain LNA is recommended,
but low frequencies have to be attenuated. The ECM must be biased with a stable and clean
reference voltage. The TSH512 provides the LNA and the MIC-BIAS sections to perform this
function (see Section 5.3. MIC-BIAS section: microphone bias voltage).
Doc ID 8120 Rev 719/31
General descriptionTSH512
Figure 27. Electret condenser microphone source
The capacitor C in series with the microphone stops the DC coming from MIC-BIAS.
The resistor R provides the DC from MIC-BIAS to supply the ECM.
Thanks to the automatic level control (ALC), the great variations of amplitude will not overmodulate the transmitter (refer to the Section 5.4: ALC section: automatic level control).
The self-adaptive VOX (voice operated transmit) offers automatic transmitting with a good
discrimination of the background noise (see Section 5.5: VOX description: voice operated
transmit on page 21).
5.3MIC-BIAS section: microphone bias voltage
The MIC-BIAS bias voltages are dedicated to the bias of electret condenser microphones.
These bias voltages on pin 10 for TX1 and pin 2 for TX2 exhibit a low voltage noise density
of 22 nV/√Hz
(Figure 27).
The MIC-BIAS voltage is related to V
V
Moreover, the supply rejection ratio is guaranteed to be better than 50 dB without any
decoupling capacitor. To address biasing of most of the microphones, the current drive
capability is 2.5 mA. The MIC-BIAS voltage depends linearly on the supply voltage V
(refer to Figure 11 on page 11).
). This allows more than 55 dB S/N considering a bandwidth of 7 kHz
as follows (with I
MIC-BIAS
CC
= 0.844.Vcc-0.140 (volts)
MIC-BIAS
= 2.5 mA):
CC
20/31 Doc ID 8120 Rev 7
TSH512General description
5.4 ALC section: automatic level control
Both transmitters of the TSH512 include an automatic level control (ALC). When the level of
the audio signal is too high, the ALC compresses the signal in order to avoid overmodulation of the FM VCO. In this way, the ALC reduces the distortion and maintains a
reduced transmit spectrum with very high amplitude signals.
Figure 28.Automatic level control schematics
The ALC features a 20 dB gain and an output signal regulated to 700 mVpp in compression.
The attack time is the response time of the ALC to go from the linear amplification to the
compression region. The attack time mainly depends on the capacitor value of C
A typical value of C
is 1 µF with music as the audio signal (refer to Figure 22 on
ALC
page 15).
The decay time is the response time the ALC requires to recover to full gain amplifying
mode after being in compression mode. The decay time depends mainly on the R
resistor value. A typical value of R
is 470 kΩ, with music as audio signal (Figure 22).
ALC
5.5 VOX description: voice operated transmit
The voice operated transmit (VOX) section reduces consumption when there is no audio
signal to transmit. When the VOX detects that no audio signal is present, it mutes the output
buffers of TX1 and TX2 and provides the logic signal VOX-MUTE to switch-off the external
LED drivers if needed.
The audio signal of TX1 is amplified with a gain dependent on the values of R
R
sens
and C
are connected to pin 7. The high-pass filtering has the following cut-off
integrate the rectified audio signal with a short time constant. This
peak
filtered signal follows the audio amplitude.
Figure 30. VOX integrator and monostable schematics
The self-adaptive VOX threshold is necessary because the ambient background noise
variation is slow compared to the voice or the music. On pin 28, R
COMP
and C
COMP
integrate the amplitude to follow the background amplitude. Therefore, the comparator
switches when an audio signal appears over the background noise. Referring to Figure 2,
C
audio signal.
will be typically a 100 nF capacitor and R
COMP
will be determined depending on the
COMP
As soon as an audio signal is detected, the output of the monostable switches to "high" state
and enables both output buffers. The monostable output is pin 27 and is called VOX-MUTE.
22/31 Doc ID 8120 Rev 7
TSH512General description
The monostable holds the TSH512 in transmit mode during a delay fixed by the value of
C
connected to pin 29.
TRIG
1.4V
⎛⎞
VOX
DELAY
------------
⎝⎠
5μA
C
⋅=
trig
Note that the VOX function is activated when the audio signal enters the first transmitter
TX1.
When the application needs a permanent transmission, it is possible to inhibit the VOX
function, by removing the Ctrig capacitor and connecting pin 29 to ground.
As soon as the TSH512 is powered-on, the internal reset circuitry sets the VOX-MUTE to
high state to enable transmission. The transmission remains during the monostable timing
and continues if an audio signal triggers the monostable.
Figure 31. VOX state at power-on
on
POWER SUPPLY
off
VOX -MUTE
high state if retriggered by audio
1
VOX Delay
(Ctrig)
0
time
Doc ID 8120 Rev 723/31
General descriptionTSH512
5.6 PEA section: pre-emphasis
The amplitude-regulated audio coming from the ALC feeds the positive input of the
operational amplifier called PEA (pre-emphasis). The pre-emphasis consists in a high-pass
filter in order to compensate the behavior of the FM transmission.
Figure 32.Pre-emphasis schematics
R
PEA1
and C
τ = R
PEA1
set the time constant of the pre-emphasis as:
PEA1
. C
PEA1
50 µs or 75 µs time constants are generally used.
Choosing the gain of the PEA stage also allows one to set the right modulation level to the
varicap diode. The gain in the passband is:
G
= 1+ (R
PEA
PEA2/RPEA1
)
24/31 Doc ID 8120 Rev 7
TSH512General description
5.7 VCO section: voltage-controlled oscillator
Each TSH512 transmitter has its own oscillator to generate the carrier. The audio signal is
applied to the varicap diode to perform the frequency modulation. Thanks to the VCO-BIAS
voltage reference, the DC bias of the varicap is stabilized. The high power supply rejection
ratio (PSRR) of the VCO-BIAS ensures good immunity with the noise of the power supply.
Figure 33. VCO schematics
The generated frequency can be set from 400 kHz to 11 MHz by external components.
Refer to Ta bl e 1 for the usual frequencies in infrared audio.
The working frequency is:
1
-------------------------------- -=
2πLC
⋅()
t
where C
C
t
f
VCO
is the total capacity of CL, Cp, Cs and Cv:
t
= 1/(1/Cc+1/CL) with Cc = Cp+1/(1/Cv+1/Cs)
It is possible to use varicap diodes SMV1212 (Alpha Ind.) or ZC833 (Zetex).
Table 5.Usual infrared frequencies
IR frequency in MHzApplications
1.6AM mono
1.7 FM mono
2.3 FM right channel
2.8 FM left channel or mono
The output level of the VCO can be reduced by adding the resistor RVCO between pin 19
and pin 20 or between pin 36 and pin 37 for TX1 and TX2 respectively.
Doc ID 8120 Rev 725/31
General descriptionTSH512
5.8 Output buffer section
The output buffers can deliver a sinusoidal signal with a 1.5 Vpp amplitude in a 1 kΩ load.
This impedance is compatible with popular biasing circuitry of external transistor drivers of
IR LEDs.
The VOX-MUTE logic signal can be used to control the external LED drivers. When the
audio is not present on the TX1 input, VOX-MUTE is in Low state, the TSH512’s internal
buffers are muted, and the external drivers can be switched off by controlling their bias.
5.9 SBY pin: standby for mono operation
A high state on the Standby pin (SBY) sets the second transmitter TX2 to power-down. The
SBY pin is typically used when the TSH512 is used as a mono transmitter (that is, infrared
microphone transmitter).
26/31 Doc ID 8120 Rev 7
TSH512Package information
6 Package information
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
ECOPACK
specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com.
ECOPACK
®
packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK®
®
is an ST trademark.
Doc ID 8120 Rev 727/31
Package informationTSH512
6.1 TQFP44 package information
Figure 34. TQFP44 package mechanical drawing
Table 6.TQFP44 package mechanical data
Dimensions
Ref.
Min.Typ.Max.Min.Typ.Max.
A1.60.063
A10.050.150.0020.006
A21.351.401.450.0530.0550.057
b0.300.370.450.0120.0150.018
c0.090.200.0040.008
D11.801212.200.4650.4720.480
D19.8010.0010.200.3860.3940.402
D38.000.315
E11.8012.0012.200.4650.4720.480
E19.8010.0010.200.3860.3940.402
E38.000.315
e0.800.031
L0.450.600.750.0180.0240.030
L11.000.039
K 0°3.5°7° 0°3.5°7°
MillimetersInches
ccc0.100.004
28/31 Doc ID 8120 Rev 7
TSH512Ordering information
7 Ordering information
Table 7.Order codes
Part number
TSH512CF
TSH512CFTTape & reel
TSH512CYFT
1. Qualification and characterization according to AEC Q100 and Q003 or equivalent, advanced screening
according to AEC Q001 & Q 002 or equivalent.
Temperature
-40° C to +85°C
(1)
range
PackagePackingMarking
TQFP44
TQFP44
(automotive grade level)
Tr ay
Tape & reelTSH512CYF
TSH512C
Doc ID 8120 Rev 729/31
Revision historyTSH512
8 Revision history
Table 8.Document revision history
DateRevisionChanges
08-Aug-20011First release corresponding to preliminary data version of datasheet.
Specific content changes as follows:
– Application diagrams updated
– Releases on curves
– Application schematic diagram update
– Electrical parameters updated
Pin connection updated on Figure 1 on page 4.
Rthja value added on Table 1 on page 3.
Schematic updated on Figure 2 on page 6.
Schematic updated on Figure 26 on page 19.
14-Oct- 20055PPAP reference inserted in the datasheet, see order codes table.
Document reformatted with minor text changes.
13-Nov-20076
Added footnote for automotive grade order codes to order codes
table.
< +85° C in Ta bl e 4 .
amb
28-May-20097
Added data at -40° C < T
Updated package mechanical drawing in Chapter 6: Package
information.
30/31 Doc ID 8120 Rev 7
TSH512
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