Datasheet TL431, TL432 Datasheet (ST)

Features
Adjustable output voltage: 2.5 to 36 V
Sink current capability: 1 to 100 mA
Typical output impedance: 0.22 Ω
Automotive temp. range - 40 °C to +125 °C
Applications
Power supply
Industrial
Automotive
TL431 TL432
Programmable voltage reference
Z
TO-92
(Plastic package)
L
SOT23-3
Description
The TL431 and TL432 are programmable shunt voltage references with guaranteed temperature stability over the entire operating temperature range. The device temperature range is extended for the automotive version from -40 °C up to +125 °C. The output voltage can be set to any value between 2.5 and 36 V with two external resistors. The TL431 and TL432 operate with a wide current range from 1 to 100 mA with a typical dynamic impedance of 0.22 Ω.
L
SOT23-5
D
SO-8
(Batwing plastic micropackage)
C
SOT323-6
November 2011 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 1/21
www.st.com
21
Contents TL431, TL432
Contents
1 Schematic diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1 Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4 Package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.1 SO-8 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2 TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package information . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.3 TO-92 (bulk) package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.4 SOT23-3 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.5 SOT23-5 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.6 SOT323-6 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
TL431, TL432 Schematic diagrams

1 Schematic diagrams

Figure 1. TO-92 pin connections (top view)

Figure 2. SO-8 batwing pin connections (top view)

SO8
Cathode Ref1
Anode
NC
2
3
4
8
7
6
Anode
NC5

Figure 3. SOT23-5 and SOT23-3 pin connections (top view)

SOT23-3SOT23-5
NC
NC
2
Cathode Ref
34
TL431
Figure 4.
SOT323-6 pin connections (top view)
Anode1
5 Cathode
Ref Anode
1
23
TL431

Figure 5. TL431 and TL432 block diagram

Cathode
Ref
TL432
Vref
Anode
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 3/21
Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions TL431, TL432

2 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions

Table 1. Absolute maximum ratings

Symbol Parameter Value Unit
V
R
R
T
ESD
1. Short-circuits can cause excessive heating. These values are typical.
2. Human body model: a 100 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged through a
3. Machine model: a 200 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between
4. Charged device model: all pins and the package are charged together to the specified voltage and then

Table 2. Operating conditions

Cathode to anode voltage 37 V
KA
I
Continuous cathode current range -100 to +150 mA
k
Reference input current range -0.05 to +10 mA
I
ref
(1)
(1)
(2)
200
85 248 157 221
30 136
67 110
3000 2000
200
1500
°C/W
°C/W
Thermal resistance junction to ambient TO-92 SO-8 batwing
thja
SOT23-3L SOT23-5L SOT323-6L
Thermal resistance junction to case SO-8 batwing SOT23-3L
thjc
SOT23-5L SOT323-6L
Storage temperature range -65 to +150 °C
stg
Junction temperature 150 °C
T
J
TL431IY, TL431AIY-T: HBM (human body model) TL431-TL432: HBM (human body model) MM: machine model CDM: charged device model
1.5 kΩ resistor between two pins of the device. This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating.
two pins of the device with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 Ω). This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating.
discharged directly to the ground through only one pin. This is done for all pins.
(3)
(4)
V
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
V
Cathode to anode voltage V
KA
Cathode current 1 to 100 mA
I
k
Operating free-air temperature range
T
TL431C/AC
oper
TL431I/AI - TL432I/AI TL431IY/AIY
4/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
to 36 V
ref
0 to +70
-40 to +105
-40 to +125
°C
TL431, TL432 Electrical characteristics

3 Electrical characteristics

Table 3. TL431C: 0° C to 70° C (T
= 25° C unless otherwise specified)
amb
TL431C TL431AC
Symbol Parameter
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Reference input voltage
V
ref
= V
V
KA
T
min
, Ik = 10 mA, T
ref
≤ T
amb
T
max
amb
=25°C
2.44
2.423
2.495 2.55
Reference input voltage deviation over temperature
ΔV
ref
range
VKA = V
(1)
, Ik = 10 mA, T
ref
min
≤ T
amb
T
max
317 315
Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change
ΔVref
------------
ΔVka
in cathode to anode voltage
= 10 mA - ΔVKA = 10 V to V
I
k
= 36 V to 10 V
ΔV
KA
ref
-2.7-2-1.4
-1
Reference input current Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 =
I
ref
T T
amb
min
= 25° C
≤ T
amb
≤ T
1.8 4
max
Reference input current deviation over temperature
ΔI
I
ZKA
1. See definition of Section 3.1: Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range.
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as
range
ref
= 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 =
I
k
T
min
≤ T
amb
T
max
0.4 1.2 0.4 1.2
Minimum cathode current for regulation
min
I
off
= V
V
KA
ref
0.5 1 0.5 0.6
Off-state cathode current 2.6 1000 2.6 1000 nA
Dynamic impedance
VKA = V
, Δ Ik = 1 to 100 mA, f 1 kHZ 0.22 0.5 0.22 0.5
ref
(2)
|ZKA|
ΔV
KA
=
--------------- -
IkΔ
2.567
5.2
2.47
2.495 2.52
2.453
-2.7-2-1.4
2.537
-1
1.8 4
5.2
Unit
V
mV
mV/V
µA
µA
mA
Ω
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 5/21
Electrical characteristics TL431, TL432
Table 4. TL431I/TL432I: -40° C to 105° C, T
= 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
amb
TL431I/TL432I TL431AI/TL432AI
Symbol Parameter
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Reference input voltage
V
ΔV
ref
ref
VKA = V T
min
Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range
VKA = V
, Ik = 10 mA, T
ref
≤ T
amb
(1)
, Ik =10 mA, T
ref
T
max
amb
min
= 25° C
T
amb
T
max
2.44
2.41
2.495 2.55
2.58
730 730mV
Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change
ΔVref
------------
ΔVka
in cathode to anode voltage
= 10 mA, ΔVKA = 10 V to V
I
k
= 36 V to 10 V
ΔV
KA
ref
-2.7-2-1.4
-1
Reference input current Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 =
I
ref
T T
amb
min
= 25° C
≤ T
amb
T
max
1.8 4
6.5
Reference input current deviation over temperature
ΔI
I
ZKA
1. See definition of Section 3.1: Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range below.
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as
range
min
I
off
ref
= 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 =
I
k
T
min
≤ T
amb
T
max
Minimum cathode current for regulation
VKA = V
ref
0.8 2.5 0.8 1.2 µA
0.5 1 0.5 0.7 mA
Off-state cathode current 2.6 1000 2.6 1000 nA
(2)
Dynamic impedance
= V
V
KA
, Δ Ik = 1 to 100 mA, f ≤ 1kHZ
ref
ΔV
|ZKA|
KA
=
--------------- -
IkΔ
0.22 0.5 0.22 0.5 Ω
2.47
2.495 2.52
2.44
-2.7-2-1.4
-1
1.8 4
2.55
6.5
Unit
V
mV/V
µA
6/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
TL431, TL432 Electrical characteristics
Table 5. TL431IY: -40° C to 125° C, T
= 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
amb
TL431IY TL431AIY
Symbol Parameter
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Reference input voltage
V
ΔV
ref
ref
VKA = V T
min
Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range
VKA = V
, Ik = 10 mA
ref
≤ T
amb
(1)
, Ik = 10 mA, T
ref
T
max
min
T
amb
T
max
2.44
2.41
2.495 2.55
2.58
730 730mV
Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change
ΔVref
------------
ΔVka
in cathode to anode voltage
= 10 mA, ΔVKA = 10 V to V
I
k
= 10 mA, ΔVKA = 36 V to 10 V
I
k
ref
-2.7-2-1.4
-1
Reference input current Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 =
I
ref
≤ T
T
min
amb
T
max
1.8 4
6.5
Reference input current deviation over temperature
ΔI
I
ZKA
1. See definition of Section 3.1: Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range below.
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as
range
ref
= 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞, T
I
k
T
max
Minimum cathode current for regulation
min
I
off
= V
V
KA
ref
Off-state cathode current
≤ T
T
min
Dynamic impedance
= V
V
KA
T
amb
ref
max
(2)
, Δ Ik = 1 to 100 mA, F ≤ 1kHz
min
≤ T
amb
0.8 2.5 0.8 1.2 µA
0.5 1 0.5 0.6 mA
2.6 1000 3000
ΔV
|ZKA|
KA
=
--------------- -
IkΔ
0.22 0.5 0.22 0.5 Ω
2.47
2.495 2.52
2.44
-2.7-2-1.4
-1
1.8 4
2.6 1000
Unit
V
2.55
mV/V
µA
6.5
nA
3000

3.1 Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range

Δ
V
is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over
ref
the full temperature range.
Δ
V
= V
ref

Figure 6. Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range

ref max
- V
ref min
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 7/21
Electrical characteristics TL431, TL432
Figure 7. Test circuit for VKA = V
Input
V
Figure 9. Test circuit for I
R
IK=10mA
REF
off
VKA=36V
I
OFF
ref
Output
V
KA

Figure 8. Test circuit for programming mode

Input
V
KA
R1
R2
= V
REF
R
I
REF
V
REF
R1
+ R1 x I
-------+()
R2
REF
I
K
1
Output
V
KA
Figure 10. Test circuit for phase margin and
voltage gain
10μF
15kΩ
IK=10mA

Figure 11. Test circuit for response time

IK=1mA
1 mA
0 mA
Output
Input
10μF
Output
8.25kΩ
V
REF
8/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
TL431, TL432 Electrical characteristics

Figure 12. Reference voltage vs. temperature Figure 13. Reference voltage vs. cathode

current
2.54
(V)
KA
2.52
2.50
2.48
Cathode voltage V
2.46
2.44
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)
Figure 14. Zoom on reference voltage vs.
VKA = V
REF
IK = 10 mA

Figure 15. Reference current vs. temperature

cathode current
2.0
(μA)
1.5
REF
IK=10 mA
=10kΩ
R
1
R2= +
Figure 16. Off-state cathode current vs.
temperature
0.4
VKA = 36 V V
= 0 V
(μA)
0.3
OFF
0.2
Off-state current I
0.1
0.0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)
REF
1.0
Reference current I
0.5
0.0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature °C
Figure 17. Ratio of change in V
V
vs. temperature
KA
0.0
-0.5
(mV / V)
KA
-1.0
/ ΔV
REF
ΔV
-1.5
-2.0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)
to change in
ref
IK = 10 mA
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 9/21
Electrical characteristics TL431, TL432
Figure 18. Static impedance RKA vs.
(Ω)
KA
Static impedance R
temperature
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature (°C)
VKA=V
REF
Figure 19. Minimum operating current vs.
temperature
0.6
(mA)
MIN
0.4
0.2
Minimum cathode current I
0.0
-40-20 0 20406080100120
Temperature (°C)
VKA = V
REF

Figure 20. Gain and phase vs. frequency Figure 21. Stability behavior with capacitive

loads

Figure 22. Maximum power dissipation Figure 23. Pulse response for Ik = 1 mA

10/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
TL431, TL432 Package information

4 Package information

In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of ECOPACK specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com. ECOPACK
®
packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK®
®
is an ST trademark.
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 11/21
Package information TL431, TL432

4.1 SO-8 package information

Figure 24. SO-8 package mechanical drawing

Table 6. SO-8 package mechanical data

Dimensions
Ref.
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A1.750.069
A1 0.10 0.25 0.004 0.010
A2 1.25 0.049
b 0.28 0.48 0.011 0.019
c 0.17 0.23 0.007 0.010
D 4.80 4.90 5.00 0.189 0.193 0.197
E 5.80 6.00 6.20 0.228 0.236 0.244
E1 3.80 3.90 4.00 0.150 0.154 0.157
e 1.27 0.050
h 0.25 0.50 0.010 0.020
L 0.40 1.27 0.016 0.050
L1 1.04 0.040
k0° 8°0° 8°
ccc 0.10 0.004
Millimeters Inches
12/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
TL431, TL432 Package information

4.2 TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package information

Figure 25. TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package mechanical drawing

Table 7. TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package mechanical data

Millimeters Inches
Dim.
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A1 5.0 0.197
A 5.0 0.197
T 4.0 0.157
d 0.45 0.018
I1 2.5 0.098
P 11.7 12.7 13.7 0.461 0.500 0.539
PO 12.4 12.7 13 0.488 0.500 0.512
P2 5.95 6.35 6.75 0.234 0.250 0.266
F1/F2 2.4 2.5 2.8 0.094 0.098 0.110
Δh -1 0 1 -0.039 0 0.039 ΔP -1 0 1 -0.039 0 0.039
W 17.5 18.0 19.0 0.689 0.709 0.748
W0 5.7 6 6.3 0.224 0.236 0.248
W1 8.5 9 9.75 0.335 0.354 0.384
W2 0.5 0.020
H200.787
H0 15.5 16 16.5 0.610 0.630 0.650
H1 25 0.984
DO 3.8 4.0 4.2 0.150 0.157 0.165
L1 11 0.433
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 13/21
Package information TL431, TL432

4.3 TO-92 (bulk) package information

Figure 26. TO-92 bulk package mechanical drawing

0067407_H

Table 8. TO-92 bulk package mechanical data

Millimeters Inches
Dim.
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 1.35 0.053
B 4.70 0.185
C 2.54 0.100
D4.40 0.173
E 12.70 0.500
F 3.70 0.146
a 0.5 0.019
14/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
TL431, TL432 Package information

4.4 SOT23-3 package information

Figure 27. SOT23-3 package mechanical drawing

Table 9. SOT23-3 package mechanical data

Dimensions
Millimeters Inches
Ref.
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 0.89 1.12 0.035 0.044
A1 0.01 0.10 0.0004 0.004
A2 0.88 0.95 1.02 0.035 0.037 0.040
b 0.30 0.50 0.012 0.020
c 0.08 0.20 0.003 0.008
D 2.80 2.90 3.04 0.110 0.114 0.120
E 2.10 2.64 0.083 0.104
E1 1.20 1.30 1.40 0.047 0.051 0.055
e 0.95 0.037
e1 1.90 0.075
L 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.016 0.020 0.024
L1 0.54 0.021
k0d 8d
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 15/21
Package information TL431, TL432

4.5 SOT23-5 package information

Figure 28. SOT23-5 package mechanical drawing

7049676_I

Table 10. SOT23-5 package mechanical data

Dimensions
Ref.
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 0.90 1.45 0.035 0.057
A1 0.15 0.006
A2 0.90 1.30 0.035 0.051
b 0.35 0.50 0.014 0.020
c 0.09 0.20 0.004 0.008
D 2.80 3.05 0.110 0.120
E 1.50 1.75 0.059 0.069
e 0.95 0.037
H 2.60 3.00 0.102 0.118
L 0.10 0.60 0.004 0.024
θ
0 degrees 10 degrees
16/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
TL431, TL432 Package information

4.6 SOT323-6 package information

Figure 29. SOT323-6 package mechanical drawing

Table 11. SOT323-6 package mechanical data

Dimensions
Ref.
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 0.80 1.10 0.031 0.043
A1 0 0.10 0.004
A2 0.80 1.00 0.031 0.039
b 0.15 0.30 0.006 0.012
c 0.10 0.18 0.004 0.007
D 1.80 2.20 0.071 0.087
E 1.15 1.35 0.045 0.053
e 0.65 0.026
HE 1.80 2.40 0.071 0.094
L 0.10 0.40 0.004 0.016
Q1 0.10 0.40 0.004 0.016
7095021_E
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 17/21
Ordering information TL431, TL432

5 Ordering information

Table 12. Order codes

TL431CD TL431CDT
TL431ACD TL431ACDT
TL431CZ TL431CZT TL431CZ-AP
TL431ACZ TL431ACZT TL431ACZ-AP
TL431CL3T 2
TL431ACL3T 1 L18
TL431CL5T 2
TL431ACL5T 1 L18
TL431CCT 2
TL431ACCT 1 31C
TL431ID TL431IDT
TL431AID TL431AIDT
TL431IZ TL431IZT TL431IZ-AP
TL431AIZ TL431AIZT TL431AIZ-AP
TL431IL3T 2
TL431AIL3T 1 L16
TL432IL3T 2
TL432AIL3T 1 32AI
TL431IL5T 2
TL431AIL5T 1 L16
Order code
Accuracy
(%)
2
1431AC
2
1 TL431AC
2
1431AI
2
1 TL431AI
Temperature
range
0°C to +70°C
-40°C to + 105°C
Package Packing Marking
431C
TL431C
L19
L19
31C
431I
TL431I
L17
32I
L17
SO-8
TO-92
SOT23-3
SOT23-5
SOT323-6
SO-8
TO-92
SOT23-3
SOT23-3
SOT23-5
Tu b e o r
Tape and reel
Bulk or
Ta p e o r
Ammopack
Tape
Tu b e o r
tape and reel
Bulk or
Ta p e o r
Ammopack
Tape
TL431ICT 2
SOT323-6
TL431AICT 1 31I
18/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
31I
TL431, TL432 Ordering information
Table 12. Order codes (continued)
Order code
TL431IYD TL431IYDT
TL431AIYD TL431AIYDT
1. Qualification and characterization according to AEC Q100 and Q003 or equivalent, advanced screening according to AEC Q001 & Q 002 or equivalent.
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
Accuracy
(%)
2
1431AIY
Temperature
range
-40°C to + 125°C
Package Packing Marking
SO-8 (Automotive grade level)
Tu b e o r
tape and reel
431IY
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 19/21
Revision history TL431, TL432

6 Revision history

Table 13. Document revision history

Date Revision Changes
01-Mar-2002 1 Initial release.
01-Nov-2005 2 PPAP references inserted in order codes table on cover page.
13-Dec-2006 3 Corrected TO-92 package information.
Specified that SO-8 package is batwing package. In electrical characteristics tables, moved negative values from max column to
08-Jun-2007 4
min column. Corrected captions of Added footnote to
Table 8: TO-92 bulk package mechanical data.
Figure 7 and of Figure 18.
Corrected SO-8 package mechanical data.
25-Feb-2008 5
Corrected footnote for automotive grade order codes in order code table. Corrected packing information for TO-92 devices in order code table.
Changed I
to 0.6 mA in Ta bl e 3 and Tab l e 4 .
MIN
Increased temperature range to 125°C in temperature curves.
Ta bl e 5, dedicated to automotive version.
04-Jun-2009 6
Added Increased high temperature for automotive range up to +125°C in
in
Table 12: Order codes.
Inserted accuracy column in
09-Jun-2009 7 Corrected minor error in package column in
Figure 3 on page 3, Section 4.4 on page 15 and Section 4.5 on page
14-Mar-2011 8
Added
16.
Ta bl e 1 2.
Ta bl e 1 2.
Ta bl e 5 and
Added new package mechanical data
07-Oct-2011 9
17-Nov-2011 10
page 17.
Updated
Table 12 on page 18.
Added new part number TL432, new order code connection for TL432
Figure 3 on page 3.
20/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
Table 11 on page 17 and Figure 29 on
Table 12 on page 18 and pin
TL431, TL432
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Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 21/21
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