The TL431 and TL432 are programmable shunt
voltage references with guaranteed temperature
stability over the entire operating temperature
range. The device temperature range is extended
for the automotive version from -40 °C up to
+125 °C. The output voltage can be set to any
value between 2.5 and 36 V with two external
resistors. The TL431 and TL432 operate with a
wide current range from 1 to 100 mA with a typical
dynamic impedance of 0.22 Ω.
Figure 3.SOT23-5 and SOT23-3 pin connections (top view)
SOT23-3SOT23-5
NC
NC
2
CathodeRef
34
TL431
Figure 4.
SOT323-6 pin connections (top view)
Anode1
5Cathode
RefAnode
1
23
TL431
Figure 5.TL431 and TL432 block diagram
Cathode
Ref
TL432
Vref
Anode
Doc ID 4467 Rev 103/21
Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditionsTL431, TL432
2 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions
Table 1.Absolute maximum ratings
SymbolParameterValueUnit
V
R
R
T
ESD
1. Short-circuits can cause excessive heating. These values are typical.
2. Human body model: a 100 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged through a
3. Machine model: a 200 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between
4. Charged device model: all pins and the package are charged together to the specified voltage and then
Table 2.Operating conditions
Cathode to anode voltage37V
KA
I
Continuous cathode current range-100 to +150mA
k
Reference input current range-0.05 to +10mA
I
ref
(1)
(1)
(2)
200
85
248
157
221
30
136
67
110
3000
2000
200
1500
°C/W
°C/W
Thermal resistance junction to ambient
TO-92
SO-8 batwing
thja
SOT23-3L
SOT23-5L
SOT323-6L
Thermal resistance junction to case
SO-8 batwing
SOT23-3L
thjc
SOT23-5L
SOT323-6L
Storage temperature range-65 to +150°C
stg
Junction temperature150°C
T
J
TL431IY, TL431AIY-T: HBM (human body model)
TL431-TL432: HBM (human body model)
MM: machine model
CDM: charged device model
1.5 kΩ resistor between two pins of the device. This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations
while the other pins are floating.
two pins of the device with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 Ω). This is done for all couples of
connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating.
discharged directly to the ground through only one pin. This is done for all pins.
(3)
(4)
V
SymbolParameterValueUnit
V
Cathode to anode voltageV
KA
Cathode current1 to 100mA
I
k
Operating free-air temperature range
T
TL431C/AC
oper
TL431I/AI - TL432I/AI
TL431IY/AIY
4/21Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
to 36V
ref
0 to +70
-40 to +105
-40 to +125
°C
TL431, TL432Electrical characteristics
3 Electrical characteristics
Table 3.TL431C: 0° C to 70° C (T
= 25° C unless otherwise specified)
amb
TL431CTL431AC
SymbolParameter
Min.Typ. Max. Min.Typ. Max.
Reference input voltage
V
ref
= V
V
KA
T
min
, Ik = 10 mA, T
ref
≤ T
amb
≤ T
max
amb
=25°C
2.44
2.423
2.495 2.55
Reference input voltage deviation over temperature
ΔV
ref
range
VKA = V
(1)
, Ik = 10 mA, T
ref
min
≤ T
amb
≤ T
max
317315
Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change
ΔVref
------------
ΔVka
in cathode to anode voltage
= 10 mA - ΔVKA = 10 V to V
I
k
= 36 V to 10 V
ΔV
KA
ref
-2.7-2-1.4
-1
Reference input current
Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞
I
ref
T
T
amb
min
= 25° C
≤ T
amb
≤ T
1.84
max
Reference input current deviation over temperature
ΔI
I
⏐ZKA⏐
1. See definition of Section 3.1: Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range.
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as
range
ref
= 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 =∞
I
k
T
min
≤ T
amb
≤ T
max
0.4 1.20.4 1.2
Minimum cathode current for regulation
min
I
off
= V
V
KA
ref
0.510.50.6
Off-state cathode current 2.610002.61000nA
Dynamic impedance
VKA = V
, Δ Ik = 1 to 100 mA, f ≤ 1 kHZ0.220.50.220.5
ref
(2)
|ZKA|
ΔV
KA
=
--------------- -
IkΔ
2.567
5.2
2.47
2.495 2.52
2.453
-2.7-2-1.4
2.537
-1
1.84
5.2
Unit
V
mV
mV/V
µA
µA
mA
Ω
Doc ID 4467 Rev 105/21
Electrical characteristicsTL431, TL432
Table 4.TL431I/TL432I: -40° C to 105° C, T
= 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
amb
TL431I/TL432ITL431AI/TL432AI
SymbolParameter
Min.Typ. Max. Min.Typ. Max.
Reference input voltage
V
ΔV
ref
ref
VKA = V
T
min
Reference input voltage deviation over temperature
range
VKA = V
, Ik = 10 mA, T
ref
≤ T
amb
(1)
, Ik =10 mA, T
ref
≤ T
max
amb
min
= 25° C
≤ T
amb
≤ T
max
2.44
2.41
2.495 2.55
2.58
730730mV
Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change
ΔVref
------------
ΔVka
in cathode to anode voltage
= 10 mA, ΔVKA = 10 V to V
I
k
= 36 V to 10 V
ΔV
KA
ref
-2.7-2-1.4
-1
Reference input current
Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞
I
ref
T
T
amb
min
= 25° C
≤ T
amb
≤ T
max
1.84
6.5
Reference input current deviation over temperature
ΔI
I
⏐ZKA⏐
1. See definition of Section 3.1: Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range below.
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as
range
min
I
off
ref
= 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞
I
k
T
min
≤ T
amb
≤ T
max
Minimum cathode current for regulation
VKA = V
ref
0.82.50.81.2µA
0.510.50.7mA
Off-state cathode current 2.610002.61000nA
(2)
Dynamic impedance
= V
V
KA
, Δ Ik = 1 to 100 mA, f ≤ 1kHZ
ref
ΔV
|ZKA|
KA
=
--------------- -
IkΔ
0.220.50.220.5Ω
2.47
2.495 2.52
2.44
-2.7-2-1.4
-1
1.84
2.55
6.5
Unit
V
mV/V
µA
6/21Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
TL431, TL432Electrical characteristics
Table 5.TL431IY: -40° C to 125° C, T
= 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
amb
TL431IYTL431AIY
SymbolParameter
Min.Typ. Max. Min.Typ. Max.
Reference input voltage
V
ΔV
ref
ref
VKA = V
T
min
Reference input voltage deviation over temperature
range
VKA = V
, Ik = 10 mA
ref
≤ T
amb
(1)
, Ik = 10 mA, T
ref
≤ T
max
min
≤ T
amb
≤ T
max
2.44
2.41
2.495 2.55
2.58
730730mV
Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change
ΔVref
------------
ΔVka
in cathode to anode voltage
= 10 mA, ΔVKA = 10 V to V
I
k
= 10 mA, ΔVKA = 36 V to 10 V
I
k
ref
-2.7-2-1.4
-1
Reference input current
Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞
I
ref
≤ T
T
min
amb
≤ T
max
1.84
6.5
Reference input current deviation over temperature
ΔI
I
⏐ZKA⏐
1. See definition of Section 3.1: Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range below.
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as
range
ref
= 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞, T
I
k
T
max
Minimum cathode current for regulation
min
I
off
= V
V
KA
ref
Off-state cathode current
≤ T
T
min
Dynamic impedance
= V
V
KA
≤ T
amb
ref
max
(2)
, Δ Ik = 1 to 100 mA, F ≤ 1kHz
min
≤ T
amb
≤
0.82.50.81.2µA
0.510.50.6mA
2.61000
3000
ΔV
|ZKA|
KA
=
--------------- -
IkΔ
0.220.50.220.5Ω
2.47
2.495 2.52
2.44
-2.7-2-1.4
-1
1.84
2.61000
Unit
V
2.55
mV/V
µA
6.5
nA
3000
3.1 Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range
Δ
V
is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over
ref
the full temperature range.
Δ
V
= V
ref
Figure 6.Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range
ref max
- V
ref min
Doc ID 4467 Rev 107/21
Electrical characteristicsTL431, TL432
Figure 7.Test circuit for VKA = V
Input
V
Figure 9.Test circuit for I
R
IK=10mA
REF
off
VKA=36V
I
OFF
ref
Output
V
KA
Figure 8.Test circuit for programming mode
Input
V
KA
R1
R2
= V
REF
R
I
REF
V
REF
R1
+ R1 x I
-------+()
R2
REF
I
K
1
Output
V
KA
Figure 10. Test circuit for phase margin and
voltage gain
10μF
15kΩ
IK=10mA
Figure 11. Test circuit for response time
IK=1mA
1 mA
0 mA
Output
Input
10μF
Output
8.25kΩ
V
REF
8/21Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
TL431, TL432Electrical characteristics
Figure 12. Reference voltage vs. temperatureFigure 13. Reference voltage vs. cathode
current
2.54
(V)
KA
2.52
2.50
2.48
Cathode voltage V
2.46
2.44
-40-20020406080100120
Temperature (°C)
Figure 14. Zoom on reference voltage vs.
VKA = V
REF
IK = 10 mA
Figure 15. Reference current vs. temperature
cathode current
2.0
(μA)
1.5
REF
IK=10 mA
=10kΩ
R
1
R2= + ∝
Figure 16. Off-state cathode current vs.
temperature
0.4
VKA = 36 V
V
= 0 V
(μA)
0.3
OFF
0.2
Off-state current I
0.1
0.0
-40-20020406080100 120
Temperature (°C)
REF
1.0
Reference current I
0.5
0.0
-40-20020406080100 120
Temperature °C
Figure 17. Ratio of change in V
V
vs. temperature
KA
0.0
-0.5
(mV / V)
KA
-1.0
/ ΔV
REF
ΔV
-1.5
-2.0
-40-20020406080100 120
Temperature (°C)
to change in
ref
IK = 10 mA
Doc ID 4467 Rev 109/21
Electrical characteristicsTL431, TL432
Figure 18. Static impedance RKA vs.
(Ω)
KA
Static impedance R
temperature
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
-40-20020406080100 120
Temperature (°C)
VKA=V
REF
Figure 19. Minimum operating current vs.
temperature
0.6
(mA)
MIN
0.4
0.2
Minimum cathode current I
0.0
-40-20 0 20406080100120
Temperature (°C)
VKA = V
REF
Figure 20. Gain and phase vs. frequencyFigure 21. Stability behavior with capacitive
loads
Figure 22. Maximum power dissipationFigure 23. Pulse response for Ik = 1 mA
10/21Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
TL431, TL432Package information
4 Package information
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
ECOPACK
specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com.
ECOPACK
®
packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK®
®
is an ST trademark.
Doc ID 4467 Rev 1011/21
Package informationTL431, TL432
4.1 SO-8 package information
Figure 24. SO-8 package mechanical drawing
Table 6.SO-8 package mechanical data
Dimensions
Ref.
Min.Typ.Max.Min.Typ.Max.
A1.750.069
A10.100.250.0040.010
A21.250.049
b0.280.480.0110.019
c0.170.230.0070.010
D4.804.905.000.1890.1930.197
E5.806.006.200.2280.2360.244
E13.803.904.000.1500.1540.157
e1.270.050
h0.250.500.0100.020
L0.401.270.0160.050
L11.040.040
k0°8°0°8°
ccc0.100.004
MillimetersInches
12/21Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
TL431, TL432Package information
4.2 TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package information
Figure 25. TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package mechanical drawing
Table 7.TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package mechanical data
MillimetersInches
Dim.
Min.Typ.Max.Min.Typ.Max.
A15.00.197
A5.00.197
T4.00.157
d0.450.018
I12.50.098
P11.712.713.70.4610.5000.539
PO12.412.7130.4880.5000.512
P25.956.356.750.2340.2500.266
F1/F22.42.52.80.0940.0980.110
Δh-101-0.03900.039
ΔP-101-0.03900.039
W17.518.019.00.6890.7090.748
W05.766.30.2240.2360.248
W18.599.750.3350.3540.384
W20.50.020
H200.787
H015.51616.50.6100.6300.650
H1250.984
DO3.84.04.20.1500.1570.165
L1110.433
Doc ID 4467 Rev 1013/21
Package informationTL431, TL432
4.3 TO-92 (bulk) package information
Figure 26. TO-92 bulk package mechanical drawing
0067407_H
Table 8.TO-92 bulk package mechanical data
MillimetersInches
Dim.
Min.Typ.Max.Min.Typ.Max.
A1.350.053
B4.700.185
C2.540.100
D4.400.173
E12.700.500
F3.700.146
a0.50.019
14/21Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
TL431, TL432Package information
4.4 SOT23-3 package information
Figure 27. SOT23-3 package mechanical drawing
Table 9.SOT23-3 package mechanical data
Dimensions
MillimetersInches
Ref.
Min.Typ.Max.Min.Typ.Max.
A0.891.120.0350.044
A10.010.100.00040.004
A20.880.951.020.0350.0370.040
b0.300.500.0120.020
c0.080.200.0030.008
D2.802.903.040.1100.1140.120
E2.102.640.0830.104
E11.201.301.400.0470.0510.055
e0.950.037
e11.900.075
L0.400.500.600.0160.0200.024
L10.540.021
k0d8d
Doc ID 4467 Rev 1015/21
Package informationTL431, TL432
4.5 SOT23-5 package information
Figure 28. SOT23-5 package mechanical drawing
7049676_I
Table 10.SOT23-5 package mechanical data
Dimensions
Ref.
MillimetersInches
Min.Typ.Max.Min.Typ.Max.
A0.901.450.0350.057
A10.150.006
A20.901.300.0350.051
b0.350.500.0140.020
c0.090.200.0040.008
D2.803.050.1100.120
E1.501.750.0590.069
e0.950.037
H2.603.000.1020.118
L0.100.600.0040.024
θ
0 degrees10 degrees
16/21Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
TL431, TL432Package information
4.6 SOT323-6 package information
Figure 29. SOT323-6 package mechanical drawing
Table 11.SOT323-6 package mechanical data
Dimensions
Ref.
MillimetersInches
Min.Typ.Max.Min.Typ.Max.
A0.801.100.0310.043
A100.100.004
A20.801.000.0310.039
b0.150.300.0060.012
c0.100.180.0040.007
D1.802.200.0710.087
E1.151.350.0450.053
e0.650.026
HE1.802.400.0710.094
L0.100.400.0040.016
Q10.100.400.0040.016
7095021_E
Doc ID 4467 Rev 1017/21
Ordering informationTL431, TL432
5 Ordering information
Table 12.Order codes
TL431CD
TL431CDT
TL431ACD
TL431ACDT
TL431CZ
TL431CZT
TL431CZ-AP
TL431ACZ
TL431ACZT
TL431ACZ-AP
TL431CL3T2
TL431ACL3T1L18
TL431CL5T2
TL431ACL5T1L18
TL431CCT2
TL431ACCT131C
TL431ID
TL431IDT
TL431AID
TL431AIDT
TL431IZ
TL431IZT
TL431IZ-AP
TL431AIZ
TL431AIZT
TL431AIZ-AP
TL431IL3T2
TL431AIL3T1L16
TL432IL3T2
TL432AIL3T132AI
TL431IL5T2
TL431AIL5T1L16
Order code
Accuracy
(%)
2
1431AC
2
1TL431AC
2
1431AI
2
1TL431AI
Temperature
range
0°C to +70°C
-40°C to + 105°C
PackagePackingMarking
431C
TL431C
L19
L19
31C
431I
TL431I
L17
32I
L17
SO-8
TO-92
SOT23-3
SOT23-5
SOT323-6
SO-8
TO-92
SOT23-3
SOT23-3
SOT23-5
Tu b e o r
Tape and reel
Bulk or
Ta p e o r
Ammopack
Tape
Tu b e o r
tape and reel
Bulk or
Ta p e o r
Ammopack
Tape
TL431ICT2
SOT323-6
TL431AICT131I
18/21Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
31I
TL431, TL432Ordering information
Table 12.Order codes (continued)
Order code
TL431IYD
TL431IYDT
TL431AIYD
TL431AIYDT
1. Qualification and characterization according to AEC Q100 and Q003 or equivalent, advanced screening according to AEC
Q001 & Q 002 or equivalent.
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
Accuracy
(%)
2
1431AIY
Temperature
range
-40°C to + 125°C
PackagePackingMarking
SO-8
(Automotive
grade level)
Tu b e o r
tape and reel
431IY
Doc ID 4467 Rev 1019/21
Revision historyTL431, TL432
6 Revision history
Table 13.Document revision history
DateRevisionChanges
01-Mar-20021Initial release.
01-Nov-20052PPAP references inserted in order codes table on cover page.
13-Dec-20063Corrected TO-92 package information.
Specified that SO-8 package is batwing package.
In electrical characteristics tables, moved negative values from max column to
08-Jun-20074
min column.
Corrected captions of
Added footnote to
Table 8: TO-92 bulk package mechanical data.
Figure 7 and of Figure 18.
Corrected SO-8 package mechanical data.
25-Feb-20085
Corrected footnote for automotive grade order codes in order code table.
Corrected packing information for TO-92 devices in order code table.
Changed I
to 0.6 mA in Ta bl e 3 and Tab l e 4 .
MIN
Increased temperature range to 125°C in temperature curves.
Ta bl e 5, dedicated to automotive version.
04-Jun-20096
Added
Increased high temperature for automotive range up to +125°C in
in
Table 12: Order codes.
Inserted accuracy column in
09-Jun-20097Corrected minor error in package column in
Figure 3 on page 3, Section 4.4 on page 15 and Section 4.5 on page
14-Mar-20118
Added
16.
Ta bl e 1 2.
Ta bl e 1 2.
Ta bl e 5 and
Added new package mechanical data
07-Oct-20119
17-Nov-201110
page 17.
Updated
Table 12 on page 18.
Added new part number TL432, new order code
connection for TL432
Figure 3 on page 3.
20/21Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
Table 11 on page 17 and Figure 29 on
Table 12 on page 18 and pin
TL431, TL432
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