ST STA662 User Manual

STA662

AM/FM, DAB/DAB+/DMB-A, DRM multi-standard digital radio receiver

Data brief −production data

Features

■General

–Multi-standard digital radio channel decoding

–Multi-standard digital radio source decoding (MPEG-1 AL II, AAC+, BSAC)

–AM/FM phase diversity

–Multiple streams parallel processing FM phase diversity plus two DAB channels

–Audio processing

–Audio streaming from SD Card, CD ROM (optional)

■Supported radio systems

–AM, FM including phase diversity

–DAB, DAB+, DMB-Audio, DRM

–HD Radio™ (interface to co-processor STA680)

■Hardware

–ARM946™ core running at 131.328 MHz

–STxP70 DSP core running at 262.256 or 131.328 MHz

–Emerald DSP core running at 131.328 MHz

–Multilayer AMBA architecture (6 AHB + 3 APB)

–DMA supporting 16 channels on 4 dedicated AHB layers

–VIC supporting vectored and standard interrupt requests

–Hardware support for conditional access (one-time programmable 768-bit memory)

–2 internal PLLs:

System PLL for cores and peripherals Fractional PLL for audio clocks input

■Memories

–64 KB Internal ROM

–740 KB of Internal RAM available for cores

–512 KB configurable DAB de-interleaving memory

–SPI Flash interface for application code loading running up to 16 MHz (optional SD/MMC)

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TFBGA289

–External SDR-SDRAM interface: 2 x 512 Mbit, 16-bit data bus

■Turner interface

–4 RF Front End LVDS interface

–4 master SPI interface for tuners control

■Other interfaces

–Audio interfaces (up to 8 independent and configurable I2S based on 45.6 kHz rate)

–Enhanced audio interface (fully configurable I2S)

–2 S/PDIF receiver

–I2C interface

–3 UART - GPIO interface (24 dedicated lines)

–Micro IF (based on 2 RX SPI + 2 TX SPI slave only + 4 audio clocks)

–5 timers

–JTAG and ETM interfaces

■Power supplies

–Core supply: 1.2 V

–I/O supply: 3.3 V

–Triple voltage I/O supply for host processor interface: 1.8 V / 2.5 V / 3.3 V

–Analog supply: 2.5 V (external or internal LDO)

■Applications

–Multi-standard smart tuner module

–Multi-standard car-radio receiver

–Home receivers

Table 1.	Device summary
Order code	Temp range	Package	Packing
STA662	-40 °C to +85 °C	TFBGA289	Tray

July 2012

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This is information on a product in full production. For further information contact your local STMicroelectronics sales	www.st.com
office.

Contents	STA662

Contents

1	Description .		. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. 3
	1.1	DAB signal processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		4
	1.2	FM signal processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		5
	1.3	AM signal processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		6
	1.4	Multiple DAB radio stream parallel processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		6
	1.5	Overview of main functional blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		7
		1.5.1	STA662 architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. 7
		1.5.2	ARM946 subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	8
		1.5.3	DSP-STxP70 subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	8
		1.5.4	DSP-Emerald subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	8
		1.5.5	IPBUS subsytem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	9
		1.5.6	Embedded memories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	9
		1.5.7	SDR-SDRAM controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	9
		1.5.8	Hardware accelerators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	10
		1.5.9	Audio interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	10
		1.5.10	Enhanced serial audio interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	10
		1.5.11	Serial link and front end interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	11
		1.5.12	APB peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	11
		1.5.13	System management unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	11
		1.5.14	Clock and reset distribution unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	11
2	Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .			12

2.1 Ball out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.2 STA662 pin list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3 Pins termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3	Package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	22
4	Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	23

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STA662	Description

1 Description

The STA662 from STMicroelectronics is a system-on-chip, based on multiple microcontroller and DSP cores, designed for demodulating and decoding the most common digital radio standards and the legacy AM/FM. The digital radio standards supported by STA662 are: DAB (ETSI EN 300 401), DAB+ (ETSI TS 102 563), DMB (ETSI TS 102 428), DRM (ETSI ES 201 980).

The STA662 implements the three main functions of a Eureka-147 DAB and DRM receiver specification.

The synchronization: including sampling clock and carrier frequency synchronization;

The channel demodulation and decoding: including OFDM demodulation and convolutional decoding;

The source decoding: consisting of audio and data decoding. The source decoding can be moved on an external application processor (a.k.a. SDEC - Source DECoder) so that the additional resources available on the STA662 IC can be used to implement a second DAB demodulation chain.

STA662 can demodulate in parallel two DAB streams and legacy AM or FM phase diversity stream.

AM and FM signal processing and audio functions are implemented on STA662 using dedicated resources, different from the resources used for the digital radio stream demodulation. FM phase diversity is implemented, as an alternative dual FM channels processing is possible, including the possibility to commute seamlessly from FM phase diversity to FM single tuner + FM background channels.

To pursue the best combination in terms of current consumption, flexibility, system and device cost, these functions are implemented by a combination of hardware and software. Functional blocks which are standard and computationally intensive are implemented by custom logic. Functional blocks where flexibility is a key feature are implemented in software.

The STA662 combines it all into a single IC consisting of several hardware blocks implementing custom logic, an ARM946™ microcontroller one 24 bit DSP Emerald core and one 32 bit DSP xP70 core to guarantee the proper level of flexibility, low current consumption.

Such flexibility enables the STA662 to be ready for future evolution, including the possibility to implement new radio standards (i.e. HD-Radio™), and allows the implementation of specific and optional features.

Multiple interfaces such as SPI, UART, I2C and I2S, allow a flexible utilization of the device and several applications can be addressed, including T-DMB (video), by connecting an additional application co-processor (i.e. STA2165).

The STA662 implements a additional SDR-SDRAM interface thus allowing to implement memory-consuming firmware like DAB middleware and DAB/FM seamless switching.

To build a complete DAB/FM/AM receiver, the STA662 needs to be fed by the STA610 RF Multistandard front-end or from the STA610A RF AM/FM front-end. STA662 supports up to four RF FE connected in parallel.

The STA662 is assembled in TFBGA289 package.

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Description	STA662

1.1DAB signal processing

The STA662 performs the processing of the DAB signal. It receives a complex digital signal from an DAB RF tuner either from a multi-standard RF tuner. The native sample rate is 2048 kHz. Sample rate conversion hardware is provided on-chip. This feature allows the STA662 to operate with various DAB front-ends.

The STA662 is then responsible for detection, acquisition, and demodulation of the DAB signal. Such functions are primarily implemented by dedicated hardware accelerators. The demodulated signal is then passed to the ARM946 processor, for audio decoding and handling of data services. A digital decompressed audio at different audio rates is output via the Digital Audio Interface.

As an alternative the compressed audio stream can be transferred to an application processor for the audio demodulation.

Figure 1 presents a functional diagram describing the data flow inside STA662 for DAB demodulation and decoding. In some use cases source and service decoding can be performed on the external application processor.

Figure 1. DAB demodulating and decoding functional data flow diagram

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STA662	Description

Figure 2 presents a functional diagram describing the data flow inside STA662 for DRM demodulating and decoding.

Figure 2. DRM demodulating and decoding functional data flow diagram

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1.2FM signal processing

STA662 features several strategies to improve the reception of FM signals. A DSP controlled variable bandwidth filtering of the complex base-band allows to greatly cope with adjacent channel interferences. Multipath fading distortion is mitigated by exploiting antenna switching (the antenna RF-switch is controlled through Digital pins).

After dynamic filtering, the IFP block demodulates the complex base-band signal; the result of the detection is the composite MPX signal, which carries the stereo-encoded audio and the Radio Data System (RDS) information.

The MPX signal is still affected by the instantaneous spike noise originated by the electromagnetic fields due to fast current variations, and to the high current discharges in the ignition phase of the car engine. Dedicated algorithms for spike detection and suppression have been developed; this processing is supported by a set of dedicated hardware accellerators under the control and supervision of the ARM946 microcontroller.

Audio information is subsequently retrieved from the processed MPX by the mixed hardware/software stereo-decoder, which also performs typical weak-signal processing functions as stereo channel blending, audio soft-muting for low antenna signals, and deemphasis filtering. After further sample rate reduction, the audio is available for transmission to external devices.

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Description	STA662

1.3AM signal processing

AM bandwidth is about one-twentieth of the FM, thus additional filtering and decimation is required after the DDC. The hardware demodulator in the IFP block is used for evaluating the amplitude of the complex base-band. Similarly to FM signals, engine-injection-related spikes are a concern; spike detection and noise-blanking are performed on the audio signal, on the contrary since multipath distortion is not a major issue in AM, no antenna switching is necessary.

1.4Multiple DAB radio stream parallel processing

STA662 is capable to simultaneously demodulate two different DAB Radio streams. This unique feature enables the device to decode a DAB Radio audio stream, in parallel with any data service broadcasted by a different radio channel. The implementation of the dual streams DAB Radio processing requires that two DAB or Multi-standard RF tuners are connected to the STA662.

In a single channel implementation a single RF tuner is used. In such configuration STA662 is able to demodulate at the same time both the audio and the data carried inside a single DAB ensemble. This means that the user can listen audio and receive traffic information or data broadcasted on that specific single ensemble.

In a dual DAB channels implementation STA662 can simultaneously demodulate audio and data associated to different ensembles. This means that in the example above it would be still possible to receive traffic information broadcasted on ensemble A while listening audio program broadcasted on ensemble B.

STA662 can always perform FM phase diversity reception in parallel with DAB channels decoding.

The audio coming from any AM/FM/DAB/DRM channel is output in I2S digital format. The I2S configurable protocol is well-suited for sending data to external audio processors or digital-in power amplifier.

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Description	STA662

1.5.2ARM946 subsystem

A 32-bit ARM946 microcontroller with ITCM and DTCM is embedded into STA662. It controls the I/O peripherals, the hardware accelerator modules, the DSP-Emerald subsystem and the DSP STxP70 subsystem.

The ARM946 is used for:

●System and data flow control

●Peripherals initialisation

●RDS alternate frequency switching strategy

and in some application can be also used for:

●DAB/DAB+ database management

●Seamless linking

The STA662 embeds into the ARM946 subsystem both program and data cache to improve performance during code execution. Also, the amount of Tightly Coupled Memory (TCM) assigned to the core can be defined by the user at start-up.

The ARM946 uses a trace macro-cell (ETM9) with a trace debug port (JTAG) for in-system programming and debugging tools. JTAG is also shared with the DSP-Emerald subsystem and STxp70 subsystem.

An AHB bus matrix is implemented for connecting the 6 AHB masters (ARM, xp70 and 4 DMAs) with all the AHB slaves.

Flexible DMA resources are available for data movement while VIC logic is implemented to managed interrupt requests.

1.5.3DSP-STxP70 subsystem

STA662 includes a 32-bit STxP70with DTCM and L2Pram. MPx and FPx extensions are connected to the core.

The STxP70 is used for:

●DRM channel decoding

●DAB channel time and frequency synchronization

●Audio decoding

The STxP70 subsystem contains a program cache to improve performance during code execution. AHB master port is used by the DSP to access the STA662 architecture while an AHB slave port is used by DMA to access xp70 subsystem memories.

Debugging of the software running on the DSP-STxp70 is possible through the JTAG interface.

1.5.4DSP-Emerald subsystem

STA662 includes a 24-bit DSP-Emerald core connected to the hardware-accelerator (HAR) modules and to the microcontroller via the IPBUS.

The Emerald core is used for:

●FM processing

●AM processing

●Audio processing

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