This document explains the functioning of the USB-based single cell Li-Ion ba tte ry charger
evaluation board which consists of a ST7260E2-based low-speed USB controller and a
battery charger based on the ST7LIT15BY0.
The eva luation board includes a power selector circuit to select the appropriate power
supply source and a step-up converter circuit based on the L6920 device to provide a fixed
output voltage to the USB controller. The power supply for the battery charger controller is
generated from the TL1431programmable voltage reference, keeping in mind the accuracy
requirement for charging. An additional current limiter is also included in series with a USB
power supply to show an y incorrect behavior using a status LED.
A provision is provided on e v alua tion board such th at any ex ternal low-speed USB controller
can control the operation of the charger, hence this system can be used with any low-speed
USB controller.
The charger used in the board utili zes a modifi ed f orm of non-inv erting buc k-boost con v erter
to support the charging voltage requirement for single cell Li-Ion battery. This converter is
explained in more detail in AN2390.
This evaluation board represents a complete USB-based portable battery charging system
for a single cell Li-Ion battery, such as th ose used in MP3 players.
There are separate ICP connectors provided on the board to reprogram the USB controller
and charger controller.
The evaluation board is powered by a USB bus directly. As only 100 mA current is available
by defaul t from the USB bus, the charger is inititally kept in shutdown mode. After proper
enumeration is done by the USB contro ller to increase the supply current limit to 500 mA,
the charger switches to ON to start charging the battery.
1.2.2 Current limiter (ST890B)
To pro vide additional inf ormation about the USB supply current, a current limiter (ST890B) is
kept in series of the USB supply. Th ere is a STATUS LED (D3) connected with the FAULT
pin of this current limiter.
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UM0497Getting started
This LED glows HIGH whenever the supply current increases from 500 mA. In the
evaluation board, the current limiter is used only to show the status of whether the current
limit is crossed or not, but it is not used to cut off the power supply.
1.2.3 Precision supply for the charger
Figure 2 shows circuit for the precision supply for the charger system. Here TL1431AI,
which provides 0.25% accurate reference voltage, is used to generate a precise voltage
supply for the charger system.
Figure 2.Reference voltage generation for the charger
With the help of this precision supply, we can easily achieve the 1% accuracy targ et which is
mandatory for Li-Ion charger systems.
1.2.4 Preferential power selector circuit
Figure 3 shows a preferential power selector circuit which is use d to select the source pow er
supply for the USB controller.
Figure 3.Power selector circuit
This selector circuit works as follows. Whenever the USB supply (VBUS) is available, it is
used as the source supply. Battery power is only used when the USB supply is not availab le .
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Getting startedUM0497
1.2.5 Supply generation circuit for the USB controller
Figure 4 shows L6920-based supply generation circuit for the USB controller . USB_SUPPLY
is the output voltage and VREG (out put voltage of the power selector circuit as in
Section 1.2.4) is the input voltage of this circuit. The output voltage USB_SUPPLY is
programmable. In the evaluation board it is set at 4.5 voltage and depends on the ratio
R4/R9. Please refer to the L6920 datasheet for more details.
Figure 4.Supply generation circuit for the USB controller
LED (D4) is used to show the status of the input supply availability which glows whenever
the input supply falls below a certain threshold (determined by the voltage at LBI).
1.2.6 Supply shutdown control circuit for the USB controller
The STM1061 as shown in Figure 4 is used to control the shutdown operation of the L6920.
It puts the L6920 in shutdown mode whenever the input supply voltage falls below 2.5 V.
1.2.7 Jumpers and connectors
The following important jumpers control the operation of the evaluation board and are
explained according to their applications:
J2, JP1, JP3, JP12, JP13, JP14 and JP16 are used to select between the USB controller
available on the evaluation board and the external USB controller.
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UM0497Getting started
The role of each individual jumpers is as follows:
●JP1: to connect USB_SUPPLY to the V
●JP3: to connect USBVCC to USBDM through a 1.5 kΩ resistor.
●JP12: to monitor the availability of the VBUS signal.
●JP15: to connect to the SHDN_CHG pin of the charger. This is used to put the charger
pin of the USB controller
DD
in shutdown mode until proper enumeration is done.
●JP13, JP14: These are used to connect to the status pin
●JP16: to connect the USB supply pin to the demonstration board supply pin. Pin 1 of
this jumper is the USB supply pin (USB_V
) and pin 2 is the demonstration supply pin
DD
(VBUS). For the sta ndalone charger, please connect the external supply to pin 2 of
JP16.
●J2: As shown in Figure 5, this is a 7-pin connector and can be used to connect to the
external USB controller.
Figure 5.Connector J2
Warning: You can connect to only one USB controller at a time. If you
want to use an external USB controller, you must open all the
jumpers (JP1, JP3, JP12, JP13, JP14 and JP15) required by
the USB controller.
J5 and J7: These are 3-pin connectors and are used to select betw een the ICC clock and
resonator clock. J5 is used f or sele cting the clo c k source f or the USB controlle r (ST7260E2)
available in the evaluation board and J7 is used to select the cloc k source of the charger IC
(ST7LIT15BY0). As shown in Figure 6, if we short pin 1 and 2 then the external resonator is
used as the clock source and if we short pin 2 and pin 3, ICC clock is used as the clock
source. In general we short pin 1 and pin 2.
Figure 6.Clock selector
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Getting startedUM0497
1.2.8 DC-DC converter circuit
Figure 7 shows the circuit diagram of the DC-DC converter circuit which is controlled by the
two PWM signals coming from the charger controller ST7LIT15BY0.
Figure 7.DC-DC converter circuit
This DC-DC converter provides po w er to the single ce ll Li-Ion ( 3-pin batt ery pack) based on
the battery voltage, current and temperature measurements. Please refer to AN2390 for
more details regarding this DC-DC converter circuit.
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UM0497Running the evaluation board
2 Running the evaluation board
After ensuring that all the jumpers are connected correctly as explained in the previous
section, the ev aluation board is ready to be used.
2.1 Connecting to the PC
As soon as you connect the USB connector to the evaluation board, you should find the
evaluation board enumerated as an HID device as shown Figure 8.
Figure 8.Enumeration result
And if you check the properties of all these HID de vices , y ou should find th e property of one
HID device as shown in Figure 9.
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Running the evaluation boardUM0497
Figure 9.USB Li-Ion evaluation board HID
This ensures that the evaluation board is connected properly to the USB and now ready to
be used. Now we can proceed to the next steps.
2.2 Connecting the Li-Ion battery
The eval uation board is not provided with any specific slot in order to avoid making it
package specific. Instead a 3-pin connector i s pro vided on the evaluatio n board as sho wn in
Figure 10.
Figure 10. Li-Ion battery 3-pin connector
You can either soldera particular slot to this connector and then connect the battery in that
slot, or if you are directly connecting the battery to the connector, please ensure that the
battery is properly connected as improper connection may affect the accuracy of the analog
measurement, thus affecting the overall accuracy of the charging.
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UM0497Running the evaluation board
2.3 Battery charging status monitoring
There are two LEDS available (D8 and D9) on the evaluation board. Table 1 explains the
behavior of these status LEDs according to the charging status.
Table 1.Charging LED status
SL NOCharging statusRed LED (D8) Green LED (D9)
1Battery not present / IdleOFFOFF
2Charging ongoingONOFF
3Charging doneOFFON
4Error in charging ONON
Note:An error condition occurs for following reasons:
Temperature (heat or cold condition)
Short-circuit
Bad battery when the impedance of the battery becomes very low.
Note:For the condition due to a bad battery, if impedance of the battery becomes very high, then
current does not flow through the batte ry. In this case charging is stopped and the status
LED shows that charging is done.
2.4 Controlling/changing the charging parameters
The variables inTable 2 are used to control different charging parameters.
Table 2.Controlling/ changing the charging parameters
File name: Bc.h
Sl No
Parameter
name
FunctionFormulaeComments
To define constant voltage
1LION_VF_H
threshold to fix the constant
voltage level.
2LION_VFAST
V oltage to s witch from pre-charge
level
3LION_VFAILNot used
4LION_VF_LNot used
5LION_VSC
6LION_VSAT
Used along with LION_TFAIL to
define bad battery condition
V oltage to s witch from pre-charge
level
threshold
⎛⎞
----------------------------
X
⎝⎠
23.6}⋅{
threshold
⎛⎞
----------------------------
X
⎝⎠
23.6}⋅{
threshold
⎛⎞
----------------------------
X
⎝⎠
23.6}⋅{
threshold
⎛⎞
----------------------------
X
⎝⎠
23.6}⋅{
1024⋅=
]
)
1024⋅=
]
)
1024⋅=
]
)
]
)
X = 213 for 1.5V threshold.
1024⋅=
For example:
X = 597 for 4.2 V
threshold.
For example:
X = 469 for 3.3V pre-
charge threshold.
For example:
For example:
X = 469 for 3.3V pre-
charge threshold.
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Table 2.Controlling/ changing the charging parameters (continued)
File name: Bc.h
7LION_ICONST
8LION_ITRI_1
Current level during constant
current charging
Constant current level during pre-
charging phase
9LION_ITRI_2Not used
10LION_IFAILShort-circuit current threshold
11LION_ISA TCurrent threshold to end charging
LION_VHEAT_
12
LION_VHEAT_
13
UP
DOWN
Heat indicator threshold
Cold indicator threshold
CurrentThre
Y
=
-----------------------------------
2.5
CurrentThre
Y
=
-----------------------------------
2.5
CurrentThre
Y
=
-----------------------------------
2.5
CurrentThre
Y
=
-----------------------------------
2.5
⎧
R1
-----------------------------------
Z
=
⎨
10kΩ R1+()}
⎩
⎧
R1
-----------------------------------
Z
=
⎨
10kΩ R1+()}
⎩
-
-
-
-
.
256
.
256
For example:
Y = 120 for 300 mA
charging current.
For example:
Y = 20 for 50 mA pre-
charging current.
For example:
Y = 140 for 350 mA short
circuit current.
For example:
Y = 18 for 45 mA short
circuit current.
For example:
Z = 80 for 45 Celsius
degree temperature (Here
R1 is in kΩ).
For example:
Z = 195 for 0 Celsius
degree temperature (Here
R1 is in kΩ).
14LION_TFAILUsed with LION_VSC
15LION_TEXPExpiration in minutes
(expected time expiration
value in minutes)
W =
For example:
2
W = 150 for a 5-hour time
expiration.
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UM0497Using the external USB controller
3 Using the external USB controller
Before using the external USB controller, you must remove all jumpers (JP1, JP3, JP12,
JP13, JP14 and JP15). After that you need to do the connections as mentioned in
Section 1.2.7. To use the external USB controller in order to control the charging operation,
you must do the following steps:
1.First disable the SHDN_CHG pin by making it low to switch off the charger.
2. Do the proper enumeration of the USB cell to increase the current limit up to 500 mA.
3. During battery charging, as the USB controller is also being powered by a USB, the
power consumption of the system should be kept at less than 150 mA, otherwise we
may not achieve the targeted 250 mA charging current.
4. After completing steps 1, 2 and 3, enable the SHDN_CHG pin to high to enable
charging operation.
5. Connect the batter y.
6. Start monitoring the status of the battery charging by monitoring the status pin ST1 and
ST2. Using these status pins, y ou can contro l the activity of the external USB controller
to minimize the current consumption while the battery is being charged.
7. Disable the SHDN_CHG pin again by making it low to reduce any consumption by the
charger.
8. Follow steps 1 to 7to charge another batter y.
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Using the charger in standalone modeUM0497
4 Using the charger in standalone mode
You can use the charger available in this evaluation board in standalone mode as well. In
standalone, it provides an option of developing a low-cost battery charger which is capable
of charging a single cell Li-ion battery from a 5 V power supply.
To use this evaluation board in standalone mode, do the following steps:
1.Select the external power supply (5 V, 1 A) by connecting the positive pin of this supply
to pin 2 of jumper JP16 (seeSection 1.2.7) and the negative pin to ground (see
Figure 11: Schematic).
2. Remove jumpers JP1, JP3, JP12, JP13, JP14 and JP15 to isolate the USB controller.
3. Connect the SHDN_CHG pin (pin 2 of JP15) to VBUS (pin 2 of JP16) to enable the
charger operation (seeFigure 11: Schematic).
The charger is now enabled and ready to be used in standalone mode.
If you connect the batte ry as mentioned in Section 2.2, then its presence is detected within a
few seconds and the charging operation starts.
Again as mentioned in Section 2.3, LED8 and LED9 are used to show the charging status.
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UM0497Warning/limitation
5 Warning/limitation
The limitations/warnings in using this evaluation board are as follows:
1.The charging current is limited to 300 mA value using the USB supply. You can use an
external supply for increasing the charging current by using it in standalone mode as
mentioned inSection 4.
2. There is no protection for reverse battery polarity connection, but it can be provided
according to customer requirements.
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