inductor and 4.7 µF for the output capacitor,
providing, at the same time, very good
performance in terms of load and line transients.
It is possible to select a PFM mode for high
efficiency under light load conditions or PWM
mode for tight regulation and best dynamic
performance. Short-circuit and thermal protection
are also included.
DFN6 (2 x 2 mm)
Description
The ST1S15 is a high efficiency miniaturized
step-down converter able to provide 500 mA
output current from an input voltage from 2.3 to
5.5. This converter is specifically designed for
applications where high efficiency and small a
application area are the key factors. With an
output voltage as low as 0.6 V the device
supports low voltage DSPs and processors core
supply. Due to the 6 MHz switching frequency the
ST1S15 can use nominal values of 470 nH for the
Table 1.Device summary
Order codesOutput voltages (V)Packages
ST1S15J18R1.82Flip Chip 6
ST1S15J28R2.8Flip Chip 6
ST1S15TPU18R1.82DFN6 (2 x 2 mm)
June 2012Doc ID 023280 Rev 11/27
This is preliminar y information on a new product now in development or undergoing evaluation. Details are subject to
change without notice.
Note:All the above components refer to a typical application. Operation of the ST1S15 is not
limited to the choice of these external components.
Doc ID 023280 Rev 13/27
Pin configurationST1S15
2 Pin configuration
Figure 2.Pin connections (top view)
MARKING VIEW
A1A2
B1B2
C1C2
BUMPS VIEW
A2A1
B2B1
C2C1
AM11909v1
Table 3.Pin description
Pin name Flip Chip DFN6Description
V
IN
ENB22
GNDC23Power and IC supply ground.
FBC14Feedback input.
SWB15Inductor connection to internal PFET and NFET.
MODEA16
A21High-side switch connection and IC supply.
ENABLE pin with positive logic. The IC goes into shutdown if pulled
low. Do not leave this pin floating.
Operation mode selection:
- LOW => Automatic operation PFM or PWM according to output
load;
- HIGH => Forced PWM operation.
Do not leave this pin floating.
AM11911v1
Epad-Epad Exposed pad to be connected to ground
4/27Doc ID 023280 Rev 1
ST1S15Maximum ratings
3 Maximum ratings
Table 4.Absolute maximum ratings
SymbolParameterValueUnit
V
IN
EN, MODELogic input pins- 0.3 to + 6.0V
FB, SWFeedback and switching pins-0.3 to V
T
AMB
T
J
T
STG
Power and signal supply voltage- 0.3 to + 6.0V
+ 0.3V
IN
Operating ambient temperature- 40 to 85°C
Junction temperature- 40 to 150°C
Storage temperature- 65 to 150°C
Note:Absolute maximum ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur.
Functional operation under these conditions is not implied.
Table 5.Thermal data
SymbolParameterDFN6Flip ChipUnit
R
thJA
Thermal resistance junction-ambient80130°C/W
Table 6.ESD performance
SymbolParameterValueUnit
ESD
Human body model±
Machine model± 100
2000
V
Doc ID 023280 Rev 15/27
Electrical characteristicsST1S15
4 Electrical characteristics
- 40 °C < TA < 85 °C, CIN = 4.7 µF nominal, C
values are at T
Table 7.Electrical characteristics
= 25 °C, V
A
= VIN unless otherwise specified.
EN
= 4.7 µF nominal, L = 470 nH, typical
OUT
SymbolParameterTest conditionsMin.Typ.Max.Unit
General section
V
V
UVLO
Operating input voltage range2.35.5V
IN
V
rising2.12.2V
Undervoltage lockout threshold
IN
V
falling1.81.9
IN
PFM mode quiescent currentNo load4560µA
I
PWM mode quiescent currentNo load15mA
Q
f
SW
I
OUT
I
SC
I
PFM-
PWM
η
t
ON
Shutdown currentV
Switching frequency5.466.6MHz
Continuous output current
Short-circuit current
(1)
(2)
PFM to PWM transition
PWM to PFM transition100
Efficiency (V
= 3.6 V, V
IN
OUT
=
1.82 V)
Startup time
= 00.55µA
EN
VIN ≥V
+ 0.40 V500mA
OUT
1200mA
200
= 3.6V, V
V
IN
I
= 10 mA PFM mode80
OUT
I
= 150 mA83
OUT
from low to high, V
V
EN
OUT
= 1.82 V
V, V
OUT
= 1.82 V
IN
= 3.6
260µs
Thermal shutdown125°C
T
SHDN
Hysteresis30°C
mA
%
Output voltage
V
Accuracy (ST1S15x18R)
Load regulation
OUT
Accuracy (ST1S15x28R)
Load regulation
2.3 ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V, I
PWM mode, -40 ≤ T
2.3 ≤ V
≤ 5.5 V, I
IN
PFM mode, -40 ≤ T
2.3 ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V, V
= 0 to 500 mA, PWM
I
OUT
mode, -40 ≤ T
3.2 ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V, I
PWM mode, -40 ≤ T
3.2 ≤ V
≤ 5.5 V, I
IN
PFM mode, -40 ≤ T
3.2 ≤ V
I
OUT
≤ 5.5 V, V
IN
= 0 to 500 mA, PWM
mode, - 40 ≤ T
OUT
OUT
≤ 85 °C
A
OUT
OUT
≤ 85 °C
A
A
A
OUT
A
A
OUT
6/27Doc ID 023280 Rev 1
= 10 mA,
≤ 85 °C
= 10 mA,
≤ 85 °C
=1.82 V,
= 10 mA,
≤ 85 °C
= 10 mA,
≤ 85 °C
= 2.8 V,
1.781.821.86
V
1.781.821.86
-1.5%
2.742.82.86
V
2.742.82.86
-1.5%
ST1S15Electrical characteristics
Table 7.Electrical characteristics (continued)
SymbolParameterTest conditionsMin.Typ.Max.Unit
V
OUT_Rip
I
LKFB
Peak-to-Peak output voltage
ripple
ple
FB pin leakage currentV
Line transient response.
Output voltage variation over
V
IN_TR
nominal DC level.
t
R
Case 1: V
Case 2: V
Load transient response
t
R=tF
I
OUT_TR
Case 1: V
Case 2: V
Case 3: V
Logic Inputs
V
V
Low-level input voltage (EN,
IL
MODE pins)
High-level input voltage (EN,
IH
MODE pins)
= tF = 10 µs
IN
IN
=0.1µs.
=2.5 V
IN
=3.6 V
IN
=4.5 V
IN
= 2.5 to 3.1 V
= 3.9 to 4.5 V
PWM mode, I
= 3.6 V, V
V
IN
PFM mode, I
= 3.6 V, V
V
IN
= 5.5 V9µA
FB
I
= 50 mA, V
OUT
OUT
OUT
= 150 mA,
OUT
OUT
OUT
= 150 mA,
= 1.82 V
= 1.82 V
= 1.82 V
10mV
30mV
±50mV
I
= 250 mA, V
OUT
= 0 to 150 mA,
I
OUT
= 1.82 V
V
OUT
= 50 to 250 mA,
I
OUT
V
= 1.82 V
OUT
= 150 to 400 mA,
I
OUT
= 1.82 V
V
OUT
OUT
= 1.82 V
±50
±70
±70
0.4V
1.2V
mV
I
Input leakage current (EN, MODE
LK-I
pins)
= V
V
EN
= 5.5 V0.011µA
MODE
Power Switches
P-channel MOSFET onresistance
R
DSON
N-channel MOSFET onresistance
I
LPEAK
I
LKG-P
I
LKG-N
1. Not tested in production. This value is guaranteed by correlation with R
2. Not tested in production. This parameter is guaranteed by peak current limit.
P-channel peak current limitOver input voltage range90010001200mA
P-channel leakage currentV
N-channel leakage currentV
= 5.5 V, VEN= 01µA
IN
= 5.5 V, VEN= 01µA
SW
DSON
300400
mΩ
350450
, peak current limit and operating input voltage.
Doc ID 023280 Rev 17/27
Typical performance characteristicsST1S15
5 Typical performance characteristics
Figure 3.Efficiency vs. output current
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
Efficiency [%]
20
10
0
1101001000
VEN = VIN, I
(V
= 1.82 V)
OUT
= 1 mA to 500 mA
OUT
Figure 4.Efficiency vs. output current
(V
= 2.8 V)
100
90
80
Vin= 2.5V PWM Mode
Vin= 2.5V PFM Mode
Vin= 3.6V PWM Mode
Vin= 3.6V PFM Mode
Vin= 4.5V PWM Mode
Vin= 4.5V PFM Mode
Vin= 5.5V PWM Mode
Vin= 5.5V PFM Mode
I
[mA]
OUT
70
60
50
40
30
Efficiency [%]
20
10
0
1101001000
VEN = VIN, I
OUT
= 1 mA to 500 mA
OUT
Vin= 3.2V PWM Mode
Vin= 3.2V PFM Mode
Vin= 3.6V PWM Mode
Vin= 3.6V PFM Mode
Vin= 4.2V PWM Mode
Vin= 4.2V PFM Mode
Vin= 5.0V PWM Mode
Vin= 5.0V PFM Mode
I
[mA]
OUT
Figure 5.Output voltage vs. input voltageFigure 6.Supply current vs. input voltage in
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
Output Voltage [V]
0.20
0.00
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
T=85°C
T=55°C
T=25°C
T=0°C
T= -25°C
T= -40°C
Input Voltage [V]
65
60
55
50
ISupply [µA]
45
40
35
22.533.544.555.56
auto mode
T= 85°C
T= 25°C
T= 0°C
T= -40° C
Input Voltage [V]
VIN = 0 to 5.5 V (step 0.1 V), I
= V
V
EN
IN
= 500 mA, Mode = GND,
OUT
Figure 7.Supply current vs. input voltage in
100
10
ISupply [mA]
1
22.533.544.555.56
VIN = 2.3 V to 5.5 V, Mode = VIN, V
PWM mode
Input Voltage [V]
= 1.82 V, VEN = V
OUT
T= 85°C
T= 25°C
T= 0°C
T= -40 °C
VIN = 2.5 V to 5.5 V, Mode = GND, V
Figure 8.Output voltage vs. output current
1.85
1.84
1.83
1.82
1.81
Output Voltage [V]
1.8
1.79
050 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
VEN = VIN, Mode = VIN, V
IN
8/27Doc ID 023280 Rev 1
Output Current [mA ]
= 1.82 V
OUT
= 1.82 V, VEN = V
OUT
IN
Vin = 2.5 V
Vin = 3.6 V
Vin = 4.5 V
ST1S15Typical performance characteristics
Figure 9.Frequency vs. input voltageFigure 10. Output voltage vs. output current
7.5
7
6.5
T= 85°C
T= 25°C
T= 0°C
T= - 40°C
6
5.5
Frequency [MHz]
5
4.5
22.5 33.5 44.5 55.5 6
Inp ut Voltage [V]
VIN = 2.3 V to 5.5 V, I
Figure 11. Mode transition vs. input voltageFigure 12. Mode transition PFM to PWM
250
200
150
100
Output Current [ mA ]
50
0
22.533.544.555.56
= 10 mA, Mode = V
OUT
IN, VEN
= V
PFM t o PWM
PWM to PFM
IN
1.89
1.87
1.85
1.83
1.81
1.79
Output Voltage [V]
1.77
1.75
050 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
Output Cur rent [ mA ]
VIN = 3.6 V, I
= 0 to 500 mA, Mode = GND, VEN = V
OUT
Mode
V
IN
V
OUT
I
L
Inpu t Voltage [V]
T= 85°C
T= 25°C
T= 0°C
T= - 40°C
IN
VIN = Enable, V
Figure 13. Mode transition PWM to PFMFigure 14. Output voltage ripple
= 1.82 V, Mode = GND
OUT
VIN = 3.6 V, V
= 1.82 V, Mode = 0 to 3.6 V, Load = 180 Ω
OUT
Mode
V
IN
V
OUT
I
L
VIN = 3.6 V, V
= 1.82 V, Mode = 3.6 to 0 V, Load = 180 Ω
OUT
VIN = 3.6 V, V
load
= 1.82 V, Mode = GND, VEN = V
OUT
Doc ID 023280 Rev 19/27
IN,
No
Typical performance characteristicsST1S15
Figure 15. Output voltage rippleFigure 16. Line transient
V
OUT
I
OUT
VIN = 3.6 V, V
Figure 17. Load transient I
,
V
OUT
I
OUT
VIN = 3.6 V, tr = 100 ns, I
Mode = GND
Figure 19. Enable startupFigure 20. VIN startup
= 1.82 V, I
OUT
= 500 mA, VEN = V
OUT
= 50 to 250 mA Figure 18. Load transient I
OUT
= 50 mA to 250 mA, VEN = V
OUT
IN
VIN = 3.9 to 4.5 V, tr = tf = 10 µs, I
V
OUT
I
OUT
VIN = 3.6 V, tf = 100 ns, I
IN,
Mode = GND
= 250 mA to 50 mA, VEN = V
OUT
EN
I
OUT
V
IN
= 50 mA, VEN = V
OUT
= 250 to 50 mA
OUT
IN
IN,
V
OUT
I
L
VIN = 3.6 V, Enable = 0 to 3.6 V, Mode = VIN, V
Load = 3.6 Ω
= 1.82 V,
OUT
V
IN
V
OUT
VIN = 0 to 2.5 V, Enable = VIN, Mode = GND, V
Load = 3.3 Ω
10/27Doc ID 023280 Rev 1
= 1.82 V,
OUT
ST1S15Block schematic
6 Block schematic
Figure 21. Block schematic
V-I Refer ence
EN
MODE
Enable & Soft Start
&
Prereg + UVLO
Cur rent Li mi t & Shor t Protec t.
V
IN
GND
PFM - Analog timing
Oscill.
&
Sawtooth
Swi tch Cont rol Log ic
PWM Comparator
PFM - PW M
Driver
&
Anti X- Cond
Ther mal Protec t.
Err or Amp & Comp.
Vref_PW M
SW
Vref_PF M
FB
R1
R2
AM11905v1
Doc ID 023280 Rev 111/27
Detailed descriptionST1S15
7 Detailed description
7.1 General description
The ST1S15 is a fixed voltage mode PWM step-down DC-DC converter which operates with
typically 6 MHz fixed frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) at moderate to heavy load
currents. At light load currents the converter can automatically enter PFM (pulse frequency
mode) mode.
To make the device work, few components are required: an inductor and two capacitors. It
has been designed to work properly with X5R or X7R SMD ceramic capacitors both at the
input and at the output. These kinds of capacitors, thanks to their very low series resistance
(ESR), minimize the output voltage ripple. In addition, the chosen inductor must be able to
not saturate at the peak current level.
7.2 Mode transition
The ST1S15 can work in PWM mode or in PFM mode according to the different operating
conditions. If the MODE pin is pulled high, the device works only in PWM mode even at light
or no load. If the MODE pin is low, the operation changes according to the average input
current handled by the device. At low output current the device works in PFM mode in order
to obtain very low power consumption and very good efficiency. When the output current
increases, the device automatically switches to PWM mode in order to deliver the power
needed by the load.
The ST1S15 passes from PFM to PWM when 3 consecutive PFM pulses occur. This means
that the PFM has reached its maximum current capability and the device needs to go into
PWM mode. The whole PWM circuitry starts after a transition time. During this time the
duration of the PFM pulses are increased to about 350 ns so as to provide higher current
capability. After startup of the PWM circuitry, the ST1S15 switches to PWM operation.
Figure 22. PFM to PWM transition
I
L
MODE
LOAD
I
PWM
PFM
500 mA
Consecutive 3 PFM pulses
t
Transition
Time
t
High Load
Light Load
AM11906v1
12/27Doc ID 023280 Rev 1
t
ST1S15Detailed description
The transition from PWM to PFM mode occurs when the load current decreases and the coil
current becomes negative. After the zero-crossing output goes up for 127 consecutive times
the device switches to PFM mode.
Figure 23. PWM to PFM transition
I
L
127 Zero-C rossing output pulses
t
PWM
MODE
PFM
t
LOAD
500 mA
I
High Load
AM11907v1
7.3 Soft-start
The internal soft-start is enabled after VIN reaches the UVLO threshold and the EN pin is
high or for startup after enable. An overtemperature shutdown event or over short-circuit
event also activates the soft-start sequence.
It eliminates the in-rush current problem during the startup phase. During the soft-start the
device works always in PWM regardless of the status of the Mode pin.
7.4 Short-circuit protection
The short-circuit protection begins when there is a short between the device output and
ground. In this case the output voltage value is lower than the voltage reference and the
overcurrent protection comparator output is high. When this happens the power stage (Pch
and Nch) turns off and a soft-start phase starts. The device repeats the soft-start sequence
during the short-circuit condition.
7.5 Undervoltage lockout (UVLO)
Light Load
t
The UVLO circuit prevents the device from malfunctioning when the input voltage is not high
enough. The device is in shutdown mode, when the input voltage is below the UVLO
threshold. The hysteresis of 200 mV prevents unstable operation when the input voltage is
close to the UVLO threshold.
Doc ID 023280 Rev 113/27
Detailed descriptionST1S15
7.6 Thermal protection
The device also has thermal shutdown protection, which is active when the junction
temperature reaches 125 °C. In this case both the high and low-side MOSFETs are turned
off.
Once the junction temperature goes back below 95 °C, the device resumes normal
operation.
7.7 Overcurrent protection
The overcurrent protection is used to limit the maximum inductor current. This current
flowing through the Pch of the power stage causes a voltage drop, across its RDSON, at the
switching node. A comparator compares the switching node voltage with a reference voltage
VR. To generate the VR voltage a current generator is used, which causes a drop across a
Pch of the same kind as the power stage. When the switching node voltage is lower than
VR, the comparator output goes high and the power Pch turns off.
7.8 Enable function
The ST1S15 features an enable function (pin 2 or B2). When the EN voltage is higher than
1.2 V the device is ON, and if it is lower than 0.4 V the device is OFF. In shutdown mode the
consumption is lower than 5 µA.
The EN pin does not have an internal pull-up, which means that the EN pin cannot be left
floating.
If the enable function is not used, the EN pin must be connected to V
IN
.
14/27Doc ID 023280 Rev 1
ST1S15Application Information
8 Application Information
8.1 Input and output capacitor
It is recommended to use ceramic capacitors with X5R or X7R dielectric and low ESR. The
input capacitor is used to filter any disturbance present in the input line and to obtain stable
operation. The output capacitor is very important to satisfy the output voltage ripple
requirement.
The output voltage ripple (V
Equation 1
where ΔI
is the ripple current and fSW is the switching frequency.
L
The use of ceramic capacitors with voltage ratings in the range higher than 1.5 times the
maximum input or output voltage is recommended.
8.2 Inductor
The inductor is the key passive component for switching converters. The internal
compensation is optimized to operate with an output filter of L = 0.47 µH and C
In addition to the inductance value, in order to avoid saturation, the maximum saturation
current of the inductor must be higher than that of the I
The peak current of the inductor must be calculated as:
Equation 2
OUT_RIPPLE
), in continuous mode, must be calculated:
⎡
+×Δ=
ESRIV
⎢
LRIP PLE_OUT
⎣
1
××
fC8
SWOUT
PEAK
⎤
×
ESLV
IN
+
⎥
L
⎦
.
= 4.7 µF.
OUT
)VV(V
II
+=
OU TPEAK
−×
OUTMAX_INOUT
LfV2
×××
SWMAX_IN
The following inductor p/ns from different suppliers have been tested in the ST1S15
converters.
Table 8.Inductors
Manufacturersp/nsDimensions (in mm)
LQM21PNR47MC0D2.0 x 1.25 x 0.5
Murata
TDK
Doc ID 023280 Rev 115/27
LQM21PNR54MG0D2.0 x 1.25 x 0.5
LQH32PNR47NN0L3.2 x 2.7 x 1.55
MLP2012SR47T2.0 x 1.25 x 0.5
VLS2010ET-1R0N2.0 x 2.0 x 1.0
Application InformationST1S15
8.3 Layout guidelines
Due to the high switching frequency and peak current, the layout is an important design step
for all switching power supplies. If the layout is not done carefully, important parameters
such as stability, efficiency, line and load regulation and output voltage ripple may be
compromised.
Short, wide traces must be implemented for main current and for power ground paths. The
input capacitor must be placed as close as possible to the device pin as well as the inductor
and output capacitor.
The FEEDBACK pin (FB) is a high impedance node, so the interference can be minimized
by placing the routing of the feedback node as far as possible from the high current paths.
A common ground node minimizes ground noise.
The exposed pad of the DFN package must be connected to the common ground node.
Figure 24. DFN layout recommended (not to scale)
V
OUT
C
OUT
GND
L
EN
AM11908v1
C
MODE
IN
V
IN
Figure 25. Flip-Chip layout recommended (not to scale)
V
OUT
C
OUT
L
AM11910v1
EN
GND
C
IN
V
IN
MODE
EN
16/27Doc ID 023280 Rev 1
ST1S15Package mechanical data
9 Package mechanical data
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
®
ECOPACK
specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at:
packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK
www.st.com
. ECOPACK
is an ST trademark.
Table 9.DFN6 (2 x 2 mm) mechanical data
(mm)
Dim.
Min.Typ.Max.
A0.510.550.60
A100.020.05
b0.180.250.30
D2.00
D21.301.451.55
E2.00
E20.851.001.10
e0.50
L0.150.250.35
Doc ID 023280 Rev 117/27
Package mechanical dataST1S15
Figure 26. DFN6 (2 x 2 mm) package dimensions
18/27Doc ID 023280 Rev 1
8128232_B
ST1S15Package mechanical data
Figure 27. DFN6 footprint recommended data (dimensions in mm)
8128232_B
Doc ID 023280 Rev 119/27
Package mechanical dataST1S15
Table 10.Flip Chip 6 mechanical data
(mm)
Dim.
Min.Typ.Max.
A0.520.560.6
A10.170.200.23
A20.350.360.37
b0.230.250.29
D0.9050.9350.965
D10.4
e0.4
E1.161.191.22
E10.8
f
D
f
E
ccc0.075
0.272
0.200
20/27Doc ID 023280 Rev 1
ST1S15Package mechanical data
Figure 28. Flip Chip 6 package dimensions
7504896_R
Doc ID 023280 Rev 121/27
Package mechanical dataST1S15
Figure 29. Flip Chip 6 footprint recommended data (dimensions in mm)
7504896_R
22/27Doc ID 023280 Rev 1
ST1S15Package mechanical data
Tape & reel QFNxx/DFNxx (2x2 mm) mechanical data
mm.inch.
Dim.
Min.Typ.Max.Min.Typ.Max.
A1807.087
C12.813.20.5040.519
D20.20.795
N602.362
T14.40.567
Ao2.12.22.30.0830.0870.091
Bo2.12.22.30.0830.0870.091
Ko0.650.750.850.0260.0300.033
Po40.157
P40.157
Doc ID 023280 Rev 123/27
Package mechanical dataST1S15
Tape & reel Flip-Chip 6 mechanical data
mm.
Dim.
Min.Typ.Max.
A180
C12.813.2
D20.2
N60
T14.4
Ao1.011.061.11
Bo1.261.311.36
Ko0.610.660.71
Po3.94.1
P3.94.1
24/27Doc ID 023280 Rev 1
ST1S15Different output voltage versions of the ST1S15 available on request
10 Different output voltage versions of the ST1S15
available on request
Table 11.Options available on request
Order codesOutput voltages (V)
ST1S15x08R0.8
ST1S15x10R1
ST1S15x11R1.05
ST1S15x12R1.2
ST1S15x13R1.25
ST1S15x15R1.5
ST1S15x17R1.8
ST1S15x19R1.85
ST1S15x20R1.875
ST1S15x25R2.5
ST1S15x30R3
ST1S15x33R3.3
Doc ID 023280 Rev 125/27
Revision historyST1S15
11 Revision history
Table 12.Document revision history
DateRevisionChanges
07-Jun-20121First release.
26/27Doc ID 023280 Rev 1
ST1S15
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