ST LRI2K User Manual

LRI2K

2048-bit EEPROM tag IC at 13.56 MHz, with 64-bit UID and kill code, ISO 15693 and ISO 18000-3 Mode 1 compliant

Features

■ISO 15693 standard fully compliant

■ISO 18000-3 Mode 1 standard fully compliant

■13.56 MHz ±7 kHz carrier frequency

■To tag: 10% or 100% ASK modulation using 1/4 (26 Kbit/s) or 1/256 (1.6 Kbit/s) pulse position coding

■From tag: load modulation using Manchester coding with 423 kHz and 484 kHz subcarriers in low (6.6 Kbit/s) or high (26 Kbit/s) data rate mode. Supports the 53 Kbit/s data rate with Fast commands

■Internal tuning capacitor (21 pF, 23.5 pF, 28.5 pF, 97 pF)

■1 000 000 Erase/Write cycles (minimum)

■40 year data retention (minimum)

■2048 bits EEPROM with Block Lock feature

■64-bit unique identifier (UID)

■Electrical article surveillance capable (software controlled)

■Kill function

■Read & Write (Block of 32 bits)

■5 ms programming time

■Packages

– ECOPACK® (RoHS compliant)

UFDFPN8 (MB) 2 × 3 mm² (MLP)

Wafer

September 2008

Rev 8

1/86

www.st.com

Contents	LRI2K

Contents

1	Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		10
	1.1	Memory mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	11
	1.2	Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	12
	1.3	Initial dialogue for vicinity cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	13

1.3.1 Power transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.3.2 Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.3.3 Operating field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2	Communication signal from VCD to LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .			14
3	Data rate and data coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .			15
	3.1	Data coding mode: 1 out of 256 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		15
	3.2	Data coding mode: 1 out of 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		17
	3.3	VCD to LRI2K frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		18
	3.4	Start of frame (SOF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		18
4	Communications signal from LRI2K to VCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .			19
	4.1	Load modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		19
	4.2	Subcarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		19
	4.3	Data rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		19
5	Bit representation and coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .			20
	5.1	Bit coding using one subcarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		20
		5.1.1	High data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	20
		5.1.2	Low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	21
	5.2	Bit coding using two subcarriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		22
		5.2.1	High data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	22
		5.2.2	Low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	22
6	LRI2K to VCD frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .			23
	6.1	SOF when using one subcarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		23

6.1.1 High data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 6.1.2 Low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

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6.2	SOF when using two subcarriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		24
	6.2.1	High data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	24
	6.2.2	Low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	24

6.3 EOF when using one subcarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

		6.3.1	High data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	25
		6.3.2	Low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	25
	6.4	EOF when using two subcarriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		26
		6.4.1	High data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	26
		6.4.2	Low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	26
7	Unique identifier (UID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .			27
8	Application family identifier (AFI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .			28
9	Data storage format identifier (DSFID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .			29
	9.1	CRC . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	29
10	LRI2K protocol description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .			30
11	LRI2K states .		. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	32
	11.1	Power-off state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		32
	11.2	Ready state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		32
	11.3	Quiet state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		32
	11.4	Selected state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		32
12	Modes . . . . . .		. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	34
	12.1	Addressed mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		34
	12.2	Non-Addressed mode (general request) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		34
	12.3	Select mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		34
13	Request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .			35
	13.1	Request flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		35
14	Response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .			37
	14.1	Response flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		37
	14.2	Response error code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		38

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Contents LRI2K

15	Anticollision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		39
	15.1	Request parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	39
16	Request processing by the LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		41
17	Explanation of the possible cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		42
18	Inventory Initiated command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		44
19	Timing definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		45
	19.1	t1: LRI2K response delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	45
	19.2	t2: VCD new request delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	45

19.3t3: VCD new request delay in the absence of a response from the LRI2K 45

20	Commands codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		46
	20.1	Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	47
	20.2	Stay Quiet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	48
	20.3	Read Single Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	49
	20.4	Write Single Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	51
	20.5	Lock Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	52
	20.6	Read Multiple Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	53
	20.7	Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	55
	20.8	Reset to Ready . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	56
	20.9	Write AFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	57
	20.10	Lock AFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	58
	20.11	Write DSFID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	59
	20.12	Lock DSFID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	60
	20.13	Get System Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	61
	20.14	Get Multiple Block Security Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	62
	20.15	Kill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	64
	20.16	Write Kill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	65
	20.17	Lock Kill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	66
	20.18	Fast Read Single Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	68
	20.19	Fast Inventory Initiated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	70
	20.20	Fast Initiate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	71

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20.21 Fast Read Multiple Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

20.22 Inventory Initiated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

20.23 Initiate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

21	Maximum rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		76
22	DC and AC parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		77
23	Package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		79
24	Part numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		80
Appendix A Anticollision algorithm (Informative) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .			81
	A.1	Algorithm for pulsed slots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	81
Appendix B		CRC (Informative) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	82
	B.1	CRC error detection method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	82
	B.2	CRC calculation example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	82
	B.3	Application family identifier (AFI) (informative) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	84

Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

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List of tables	LRI2K

List of tables

Table 1.	Signal names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	10
Table 2.	LRI2K memory map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	11
Table 3.	10% modulation parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	14
Table 4.	Response data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	19
Table 5.	UID format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	27
Table 6.	CRC transmission rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	29
Table 7.	VCD request frame format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	30
Table 8.	LRI2K response frame format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	30
Table 9.	LRI2K response depending on request flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	33
Table 10.	General request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	35
Table 11.	Definitions of request flags 1 to 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	35
Table 12.	Request flags 5 to 8 when bit 3 = 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	36
Table 13.	Request flags 5 to 8 when bit 3 = 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	36
Table 14.	General response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	37
Table 15.	Definitions of response flags 1 to 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	37
Table 16.	Response error code definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	38
Table 17.	Inventory request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	39
Table 18.	Example of the addition of 0-bits to an 11-bit mask value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	39
Table 19.	Timing values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	45
Table 20.	Command codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	46
Table 21.	Inventory request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	47
Table 22.	Inventory response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	47
Table 23.	Stay Quiet request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	48
Table 24.	Read Single Block request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	49
Table 25.	Read Single Block response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	49
Table 26.	Block Locking status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	49
Table 27.	Read Single Block response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	49
Table 28.	Write Single Block request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	51
Table 29.	Write Single Block response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	51
Table 30.	Write Single Block response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	51
Table 31.	Lock Single Block request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	52
Table 32.	Lock Block response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	52
Table 33.	Lock Block response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	52
Table 34.	Read Multiple Block request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	53
Table 35.	Read Multiple Block response format when Error_flag is NOT set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	53
Table 36.	Block Locking status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	53
Table 37.	Read Multiple Block response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	53
Table 38.	Select request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	55
Table 39.	Select Block response format when Error_flag is NOT set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	55
Table 40.	Select response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	55
Table 41.	Reset to Ready request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	56
Table 42.	Reset to Ready response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	56
Table 43.	Reset to ready response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	56
Table 44.	Write AFI request format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	57
Table 45.	Write AFI response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	57
Table 46.	Write AFI response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	57
Table 47.	Lock AFI request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	58
Table 48.	Lock AFI response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	58

6/86

LRI2K	List of tables

Table 49. Lock AFI response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Table 50. Write DSFID request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Table 51. Write DSFID response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Table 52. Write DSFID response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Table 53. Lock DSFID request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Table 54. Lock DSFID response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Table 55. Lock DSFID response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Table 56. Get System Info request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Table 57. Get System Info response format when Error_flag is NOT set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Table 58. Get System Info response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Table 59. Get Multiple Block Security Status request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Table 60. Get Multiple Block Security Status response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . 62 Table 61. Block Locking status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Table 62. Get Multiple Block Security Status response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Table 63. Kill request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Table 64. Kill response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Table 65. Kill response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Table 66. Write Kill request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Table 67. Write Kill response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Table 68. Write Kill response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Table 69. Lock Kill request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Table 70. Lock Kill response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Table 71. Lock Kill response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Table 72. Fast Read Single Block request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Table 73. Fast Read Single Block response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Table 74. Block Locking status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Table 75. Fast Read Single Block response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Table 76. Fast Inventory Initiated request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Table 77. Fast Inventory Initiated response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Table 78. Fast Initiate request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Table 79. Fast Initiate response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Table 80. Fast Read Multiple Block request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Table 81. Fast Read Multiple Block response format when Error_flag is NOT set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Table 82. Block Locking status if Option_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Table 83. Fast Read Multiple Block response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Table 84. Inventory Initiated request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Table 85. Inventory Initiated response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Table 86. Initiate request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Table 87. Initiate Initiated response format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Table 88. Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Table 89. AC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Table 90. DC characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Table 91. Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Table 92. UFDFPN8 - 8-lead ultra thin fine pitch dual flat package no lead (MLP)

mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Table 93. Ordering information scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Table 94. CRC definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Table 95. AFI coding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Table 96. Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

7/86

List of figures	LRI2K

List of figures

Figure 1. Pad connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Figure 2. UFDFPN8 (MLP) connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Figure 3. 100% modulation waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Figure 4. 10% modulation waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Figure 5. 1 out of 256 coding mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Figure 6. Detail of one time period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Figure 7. 1 out of 4 coding mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Figure 8. 1 out of 4 coding example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Figure 9. SOF to select 1 out of 256 data coding mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Figure 10. SOF to select 1 out of 4 data coding mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Figure 11. EOF for either data coding mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Figure 12. Logic 0, high data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Figure 13. Logic 0, high data rate x2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Figure 14. Logic 1, high data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Figure 15. Logic 1, high data rate x2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Figure 16. Logic 0, low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Figure 17. Logic 0, low data rate x2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Figure 18. Logic 1, low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Figure 19. Logic 1, low data rate x2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Figure 20. Logic 0, high data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Figure 21. Logic 1, high data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Figure 22. Logic 0, low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Figure 23. Logic 1, low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Figure 24. Start of frame, high data rate, one subcarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Figure 25. Start of frame, high data rate, one subcarrier x2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Figure 26. Start of frame, low data rate, one subcarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Figure 27. Start of frame, low data rate, one subcarrier x2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Figure 28. Start of frame, high data rate, two subcarriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Figure 29. Start of frame, low data rate, two subcarriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Figure 30. End of frame, high data rate, one subcarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Figure 31. End of frame, high data rate, one subcarrier x2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Figure 32. End of frame, low data rate, one subcarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Figure 33. End of frame, low data rate, one subcarrier x2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Figure 34. End of frame, high data rate, two subcarriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Figure 35. End of frame, low data rate, two subcarriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Figure 36. LRI2K decision tree for AFI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Figure 37. LRI2K protocol timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Figure 38. LRI2K state transition diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Figure 39. Principle of comparison between the mask, the slot number and the UID . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Figure 40. Description of a possible anticollision sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Figure 41. Stay Quiet frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Figure 42. READ Single Block frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Figure 43. Write Single Block frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Figure 44. Lock Block frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Figure 45. Read Multiple Block frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Figure 46. Select frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Figure 47. Reset to Ready frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Figure 48. Write AFI frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

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LRI2K	List of figures

Figure 49. Lock AFI frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Figure 50. Write DSFID frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Figure 51. Lock DSFID frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Figure 52. Get System Info frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Figure 53. Get Multiple Block Security Status frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . 63 Figure 54. Kill frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Figure 55. Write Kill frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Figure 56. Lock Kill frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Figure 57. Fast Read Single Block frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Figure 58. Fast Initiate frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Figure 59. Fast Read Multiple Block frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Figure 60. Initiate frame exchange between VCD and LRI2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Figure 61. LRI2K synchronous timing, transmit and receive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Figure 62. UFDFPN8 - 8-lead ultra thin fine pitch dual flat package no lead (MLP) outline . . . . . . . . 79

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Description	LRI2K

1 Description

The LRI2K is a contactless memory powered by the received carrier electromagnetic wave. It is a 2048-bit electrically erasable programmable memory (EEPROM). The memory is organized as 64 blocks of 32 bits. The LRI2K is accessed via the 13.56 MHz carrier electromagnetic wave on which incoming data are demodulated from the received signal amplitude modulation (ASK: amplitude shift keying). The received ASK wave is 10% or 100% modulated with a data rate of 1.6 Kbit/s using the 1/256 pulse coding mode or a data rate of 26 Kbit/s using the 1/4 pulse coding mode.

Outgoing data are generated by the LRI2K load variation using Manchester coding with one or two subcarrier frequencies at 423 kHz and 484 kHz. Data are transferred from the LRI2K at 6.6 Kbit/s in low data rate mode and 26 Kbit/s fast data rate mode. The LRI2K supports 53 Kbit/s in high data rate mode with one subcarrier frequency at 423 kHz.

The LRI2K follows the ISO 15693 recommendation for radio-frequency power and signal interface.

Figure 1.	Pad connections
						LRI2K
										AC1
									Power
									Supply
							Regulator
		2048 bit							ASK
		EEPROM					Demodulator
		memory
							Manchester
									Load
							Modulator			AC0
										AI12065
Table 1.	Signal names
	Signal name									Function
AC1			Antenna coil
AC0			Antenna coil
Figure 2.	UFDFPN8 (MLP) connections
	AC0					1	8		AC1
		NC				2	7		NC
		NC				3	6		NC
		NC				4	5		NC	AI11612b

1. NC means not connected internally.

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LRI2K	Description

1.1Memory mapping

The LRI2K is divided into 64 blocks of 32 bits. Each block can be individually write-protected using the Lock command.

Table 2.		LRI2K memory map
Add	0	7	8	15	16	23	24	31
0				User area
1				User area
2				User area
3				User area
4				User area
5				User area
6				User area
7				User area
8				User area
				User area
				User area
				User area
60				User area
61				User area
62				User area
63				User area
		UID 0		UID 1		UID 2		UID 3
		UID 4		UID 5		UID 6		UID 7
		AFI		DSFID
				Kill code

The User area consists of blocks that are always accessible in read mode. Write operations are possible if the addressed block is not protected. During a write operation, the 32 bits of the block are replaced by the new 32-bit value.

The LRI2K also has a 64-bit block that is used to store the 64-bit unique identifier (UID). The UID is compliant to the ISO 15963 description, and its value is used during the anticollision sequence (Inventory). This block is not accessible by the user and its value is written by ST on the production line.

The LRI2K also includes an AFI register in which the application family identifier is stored, and a DSFID register in which the data storage family identifier used in the anticollision algorithm is stored. The LRI2K has an additional 32-bit block in which the kill code is stored.

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Description	LRI2K

1.2Commands

The LRI2K supports the following commands:

●Inventory, used to perform the anticollision sequence.

●Stay Quiet, used to put the LRI2K in quiet mode, where it does not respond to any inventory command.

●Select, used to select the LRI2K. After this command, the LRI2K processes all Read/Write commands with Select_flag set.

●Reset To Ready, used to put the LRI2K in the ready state.

●Read Block, used to output the 32 bits of the selected block and its locking status.

●Write Block, used to write the 32-bit value in the selected block, provided that it is not locked.

●Lock Block, used to lock the selected block. After this command, the block cannot be modified.

●Read Multiple Blocks, used to read the selected blocks and send back their value.

●Write AFI, used to write the 8-bit value in the AFI register.

●Lock AFI, used to lock the AFI register.

●Write DSFID, used to write the 8-bit value in the DSFID register.

●Lock DSFID, used to lock the DSFID register.

●Get System Info, used to provide the system information value

●Get Multiple Block Security Status, used to send the security status of the selected block.

●Initiate, used to trigger the tag response to the Inventory Initiated sequence.

●Inventory Initiated, used to perform the anticollision sequence triggered by the Initiate command.

●Kill, used to definitively deactivate the tag.

●Write Kill, used to write the 32-bit Kill code value

●Lock Kill, used to lock the Kill Code register.

●Fast Initiate, used to trigger the tag response to the Inventory Initiated sequence.

●Fast Inventory Initiated, used to perform the anticollision sequence triggered by the Initiate command.

●Fast Read Block, used to output the 32 bits of the selected block and its locking status.

●Fast Read Multiple Blocks, used to read the selected blocks and send back their value.

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LRI2K	Description

1.3Initial dialogue for vicinity cards

The dialog between the vicinity coupling device (VCD) and the vicinity integrated circuit card or VICC (LRI2K) takes place as follows:

●activation of the LRI2K by the RF operating field of the VCD

●transmission of a command by the VCD

●transmission of a response by the LRI2K

These operations use the RF power transfer and communication signal interface described below (see Power transfer, Frequency and Operating field). This technique is called RTF (reader talk first).

1.3.1Power transfer

Power is transferred to the LRI2K by radio frequency at 13.56 MHz via coupling antennas in the LRI2K and the VCD. The RF operating field of the VCD is transformed on the LRI2K antenna as an AC voltage which is rectified, filtered and internally regulated. The amplitude modulation (ASK) on this received signal is demodulated by the ASK demodulator.

1.3.2Frequency

The ISO 15693 standard defines the carrier frequency (fc) of the operating field as

13.56 MHz ±7 kHz.

1.3.3Operating field

The LRI2K operates continuously between Hmin and Hmax.

●The minimum operating field is Hmin and has a value of 150 mA/m rms.

●The maximum operating field is Hmax and has a value of 5 A/m rms.

A VCD must generate a field of at least Hmin and not exceeding Hmax in the operating volume.

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Communication signal from VCD to LRI2K	LRI2K

2 Communication signal from VCD to LRI2K

Communications between the VCD and the LRI2K take place using the modulation principle of ASK (amplitude shift keying). Two modulation indexes are used, 10% and 100%. The LRI2K decodes both. The VCD determines which index is used.

The modulation index is defined as [a – b]/[a + b] where a is the peak signal amplitude and b the minimum signal amplitude of the carrier frequency.

Depending on the choice made by the VCD, a "pause" will be created as described in

Figure 3 and Figure 4.

The LRI2K is operational for any degree of modulation index between 10% and 30%.

Figure 3.	100% modulation waveform
		a
		105%
		100%
		95%
		60%
		5%
									t
					tRFF		tRFR
						tRFSBL
									AI06683
Table 3.	10% modulation parameters
Symbol				Parameter definition						Value
hr					0.1 x (a – b)					max
hf					0.1 x (a – b)					max

Figure 4. 10% modulation waveform

		hf
		hr
tRFF	tRFSFL	tRFR
a	b	t
		AI06655

14/86

LRI2K	Data rate and data coding

3 Data rate and data coding

The data coding implemented in the LRI2K uses pulse position modulation. Both data coding modes that are described in the ISO 15693 are supported by the LRI2K. The selection is made by the VCD and indicated to the LRI2K within the start of frame (SOF).

3.1Data coding mode: 1 out of 256

The value of one single byte is represented by the position of one pause. The position of the pause on 1 of 256 successive time periods of 18.88 µs (256/fC), determines the value of the byte. In this case the transmission of one byte takes 4.833 ms and the resulting data rate is 1.65 Kbits/s (fC/8192).

Figure 5 illustrates this pulse position modulation technique. In this Figure, data E1h (225 decimal) is sent by the VCD to the LRI2K.

The pause occurs during the second half of the position of the time period that determines the value, as shown in Figure 6.

A pause during the first period transmits the data value 00h. A pause during the last period transmits the data value FFh (255 decimal).

Figure 5. 1 out of 256 coding mode

			9.44 µs
Pulse			18.88 µs
Modulated
Carrier
0 1	2	. . .	2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	2	2	2	2
		. . .	2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5	5	5	5
		. . .	5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	2	3	4	5
			4.833 ms
						AI06656

15/86

Data rate and data coding									LRI2K
	Figure 6. Detail of one time period
								9.44 µs
								18.88 µs
	Pulse
	Modulated
	Carrier
	. . . . . . .							. . . . . . .
	2				2		2
	2				2		2
	4				5		6
								Time Period
								one of 256	AI06657

16/86

LRI2K	Data rate and data coding

3.2Data coding mode: 1 out of 4

The value of 2 bits is represented by the position of one pause. The position of the pause on 1 of 4 successive time periods of 18.88 µs (256/fC) determines the value of the 2 bits. Four successive pairs of bits form a byte, where the least significant pair of bits is transmitted first.

In this case the transmission of one byte takes 302.08 µs and the resulting data rate is 26.48 Kbit/s (fC/512). Figure 7 illustrates the 1 out of 4 pulse position technique and coding. Figure 8 shows the transmission of E1h (225d - 1110 0001b) by the VCD.

Figure 7. 1 out of 4 coding mode

Pulse position for "00"
9.44 µs	9.44 µs
				75.52 µs
Pulse position for "01" (1=LSB)
	28.32 µs		9.44 µs
				75.52 µs
Pulse position for "10" (0=LSB)
				47.20 µs	9.44 µs
Pulse position for "11"				75.52 µs
						66.08 µs	9.44 µs
				75.52 µs
							AI06658
Figure 8.	1 out of 4 coding example
	10		00		01		11
75.52 µs		75.52 µs		75.52 µs		75.52 µs
							AI06659
							17/86

Data rate and data coding	LRI2K

3.3VCD to LRI2K frames

Frames are delimited by a start of frame (SOF) and an end of frame (EOF). They are implemented using code violation. Unused options are reserved for future use.

The LRI2K is ready to receive a new command frame from the VCD 311.5 µs (t2) after sending a response frame to the VCD.

The LRI2K takes a Power-On time of 0.1 ms after being activated by the powering field. After this delay, the LRI2K is ready to receive a command frame from the VCD.

3.4Start of frame (SOF)

The SOF defines the data coding mode the VCD is to use for the following command frame.

The SOF sequence described in Figure 9 selects the 1 out of 256 data coding mode.

The SOF sequence described in Figure 10 selects the 1 out of 4 data coding mode.

The EOF sequence for either coding mode is described in Figure 11.

Figure 9. SOF to select 1 out of 256 data coding mode

9.44 µs	9.44 µs
37.76 µs	37.76 µs
	AI06661

Figure 10. SOF to select 1 out of 4 data coding mode

9.44 µs	9.44 µs	9.44 µs
37.76 µs		37.76 µs
		AI06660

Figure 11. EOF for either data coding mode

9.44 µs

9.44 µs

37.76 µs

AI06662

18/86

LRI2K	Communications signal from LRI2K to VCD

4 Communications signal from LRI2K to VCD

The LRI2K has several modes defined for some parameters, owing to which it can operate in different noise environments and meet different application requirements.

4.1Load modulation

The LRI2K is capable of communication with the VCD via an inductive coupling area whereby the carrier is loaded to generate a subcarrier with frequency fS. The subcarrier is generated by switching a load in the LRI2K.

The load-modulated amplitude received on the VCD antenna shall be at least 10 mV when measured as described in the test methods defined in International Standard ISO 10373-7.

4.2Subcarrier

The LRI2K supports the one-subcarrier and two-subcarrier response formats. These formats are selected by the VCD using the first bit in the protocol header. When one subcarrier is used, the frequency fS1 of the subcarrier load modulation is 423.75 kHz (fC/32). When two subcarriers are used, frequency fS1 is 423.75 kHz (fC/32), and frequency fS2 is 484.28 kHz (fC/28). When using the two-subcarrier mode, the LRI2K generates a continuous phase relationship between fS1 and fS2.

4.3Data rates

The LRI2K can respond using the low or the high data rate format. The selection of the data rate is made by the VCD using the second bit in the protocol header. It also supports the x2 mode available on all the Fast commands. Table 4 shows the different data rates produced by the LRI2K using the different response format combinations.

Table 4.	Response data rate
	Data rate		One subcarrier	Two subcarriers
Low	Standard commands		6.62 Kbits/s (fc/2048)	6.67 Kbits/s (fc/2032)
	Fast commands		13.24 Kbits/s (fc/1024)	not applicable
High	Standard commands		26.48 Kbits/s (fc/512)	26.69 Kbits/s (fc/508)
	Fast commands		52.97 Kbits/s (fc/256)	not applicable

19/86

Bit representation and coding	LRI2K

5 Bit representation and coding

Data bits are encoded using Manchester coding, according to the following schemes. For the low data rate, the same subcarrier frequency or frequencies is/are used, in this case the number of pulses is multiplied by 4 and all times are increased by this factor. For the Fast commands using one subcarrier, all pulse numbers and times are divided by 2.

5.1Bit coding using one subcarrier

5.1.1High data rate

A logic 0 starts with 8 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) followed by an unmodulated time of 18.88 µs as shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12. Logic 0, high data rate

37.76µs

ai12076

For the Fast commands, a logic 0 starts with 4 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) followed by an unmodulated time of 9.44 µs as shown in Figure 13.

Figure 13. Logic 0, high data rate x2

18.88µs

ai12066

A logic 1 starts with an unmodulated time of 18.88 µs followed by 8 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) as shown in Figure 14.

Figure 14. Logic 1, high data rate

37.76µs

ai12077

For the Fast commands, a logic 1 starts with an unmodulated time of 9.44 µs followed by 4 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) as shown in Figure 15.

Figure 15. Logic 1, high data rate x2

18.88µs

ai12067

20/86

LRI2K	Bit representation and coding

5.1.2Low data rate

A logic 0 starts with 32 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) followed by an unmodulated time of 75.52 µs as shown in Figure 16.

Figure 16. Logic 0, low data rate

151.04µs

ai12068

For the fast commands, a logic 0 starts with 16 pulses of 423,75 kHz (fC/32) followed by an unmodulated time of 37,76 µs as shown in Figure 17.

Figure 17. Logic 0, low data rate x2

75.52µs

ai12069

A logic 1 starts with an unmodulated time of 75,52 µs followed by 32 pulses of 423,75 kHz (fC/32) as shown in Figure 18.

Figure 18. Logic 1, low data rate

151.04µs

ai12070

For the Fast commands, a logic 1 starts with an unmodulated time of 37.76 µs followed by 16 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) as shown in Figure 19.

Figure 19. Logic 1, low data rate x2

75.52µs

ai12071

21/86

Bit representation and coding	LRI2K

5.2Bit coding using two subcarriers

5.2.1High data rate

A logic 0 starts with 8 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) followed by 9 pulses at 484.28 kHz (fC/28) as shown in Figure 20. For the Fast commands, the x2 mode is not available.

Figure 20. Logic 0, high data rate

37.46µs

ai12074

A logic 1 starts with 9 pulses at 484.28 kHz (fC/28) followed by 8 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) as shown in Figure 21. For the Fast commands, the x2 mode is not available.

Figure 21. Logic 1, high data rate

	37.46µs		ai12073

5.2.2Low data rate

A logic 0 starts with 32 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) followed by 36 pulses at 484.28 kHz (fC/28) as shown in Figure 22. For the Fast commands, the x2 mode is not available.

Figure 22. Logic 0, low data rate

149.84µs

ai12072

A logic 1 starts with 36 pulses at 484.28kHz (fC/28) followed by 32 pulses at 423.75kHz (fC/32) as shown in Figure 23. For the fast commands, the x2 mode is not available.

Figure 23. Logic 1, low data rate

149.84µs

ai12075

22/86

LRI2K	LRI2K to VCD frames

6 LRI2K to VCD frames

Frames are delimited by an SOF and an EOF. They are implemented using code violation. Unused options are reserved for future use. For the low data rate, the same subcarrier frequency or frequencies is/are used. In this case the number of pulses is multiplied by 4. For the Fast commands using one subcarrier, all pulse numbers and times are divided by 2.

6.1SOF when using one subcarrier

6.1.1High data rate

The SOF includes an unmodulated time of 56.64 µs followed by 24 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32), and a logic 1 that consists of an unmodulated time of 18.88 µs followed by 8 pulses at 423.75 kHz. The SOF is shown in Figure 24.

Figure 24. Start of frame, high data rate, one subcarrier

113.28µs	37.76µs
	ai12078

For the Fast commands, the SOF comprises an unmodulated time of 28.32 µs, followed by 12 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32), and a logic 1 that consists of an unmodulated time of 9.44 µs followed by 4 pulses at 423.75 kHz as shown in Figure 25.

Figure 25. Start of frame, high data rate, one subcarrier x2

	56.64µs		18.88µs

ai12079

23/86

LRI2K to VCD frames	LRI2K

6.1.2Low data rate

SOF comprises an unmodulated time of 226.56 µs, followed by 96 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32), and a logic 1 that consists of an unmodulated time of 75.52 µs followed by 32 pulses at 423.75 kHz as shown in Figure 26.

Figure 26. Start of frame, low data rate, one subcarrier

453.12µs	151.04µs
	ai12080

For the Fast commands, the SOF comprises an unmodulated time of 113.28 µs followed by 48 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32), and a logic 1 that includes an unmodulated time of 37.76 µs followed by 16 pulses at 423.75 kHz as shown in Figure 27.

Figure 27. Start of frame, low data rate, one subcarrier x2

	226.56µs		75.52µs

ai12081

6.2SOF when using two subcarriers

6.2.1High data rate

The SOF comprises 27 pulses at 484.28 kHz (fC/28), followed by 24 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32), and a logic 1 that includes 9 pulses at 484.28 kHz followed by 8 pulses at 423.75 kHz as shown in Figure 28.

For the Fast commands, the x2 mode is not available.

Figure 28. Start of frame, high data rate, two subcarriers

	112.39µs		37.46µs		ai12082

6.2.2Low data rate

The SOF comprises 108 pulses at 484.28 kHz (fC/28) followed by 96 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32), and a logic 1 that includes 36 pulses at 484.28 kHz followed by 32 pulses at 423.75 kHz as shown in Figure 29.

For the Fast commands, the x2 mode is not available.

Figure 29. Start of frame, low data rate, two subcarriers

449.56µs	149.84µs
	ai12083

24/86

LRI2K	LRI2K to VCD frames

6.3EOF when using one subcarrier

6.3.1High data rate

The EOF comprises a logic 0 that includes 8 pulses at 423.75 kHz and an unmodulated time of 18.88 µs, followed by 24 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) and by an unmodulated time of 56.64 µs as shown in Figure 30.

Figure 30. End of frame, high data rate, one subcarrier
37.76µs	113.28µs
	ai12084

For the Fast commands, the EOF comprises a logic 0 that includes 4 pulses at 423.75 kHz and an unmodulated time of 9.44 µs, followed by 12 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) and an unmodulated time of 28.32 µs as shown in Figure 31.

Figure 31. End of frame, high data rate, one subcarrier x2

18.88µs	56.64µs

ai12085

6.3.2Low data rate

The EOF comprises a logic 0 that includes 32 pulses at 423.75 kHz and an unmodulated time of 75.52 µs, followed by 96 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) and an unmodulated time of 226.56 µs as shown in Figure 32.

Figure 32. End of frame, low data rate, one subcarrier

151.04µs	453.12µs
	ai12086

For the Fast commands, the EOF comprises a logic 0 that includes 16 pulses at 423.75 kHz and an unmodulated time of 37.76 µs, followed by 48 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) and an unmodulated time of 113.28 µs as shown in Figure 33.

Figure 33. End of frame, low data rate, one subcarrier x2

	75.52µs		226.56µs

ai12087

25/86

LRI2K to VCD frames	LRI2K

6.4EOF when using two subcarriers

6.4.1High data rate

The EOF comprises a logic 0 that includes 8 pulses at 423.75 kHz and 9 pulses at 484.28 kHz, followed by 24 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) and 27 pulses at 484.28 kHz (fC/28) as shown in Figure 34.

For the Fast commands, the x2 mode is not available.

Figure 34. End of frame, high data rate, two subcarriers

	37.46µs		112.39µs		ai12088

6.4.2Low data rate

The EOF comprises a logic 0 that includes 32 pulses at 423.75 kHz and 36 pulses at 484.28 kHz, followed by 96 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) and 108 pulses at 484.28 kHz (fC/28) as shown in Figure 35

For the fast commands, the x2 mode is not available.

Figure 35. End of frame, low data rate, two subcarriers

149.84µs	449.56µs
	ai12089

26/86