ST LRI1K User Manual

1024-bit EEPROM tag IC at 13.56 MHz, with 64-bit UID and

Sawn and bumped wafer

kill code, ISO 15693 and ISO 18000-3 Mode 1 compliant

Features

■ ISO 15693 standard fully compliant

■ ISO 18000-3 Mode 1 standard fully compliant

■ 13.56 MHz ±7 kHz carrier frequency

■ To tag: 10% or 100% ASK modulation using

1/4 (26 Kbit/s) or 1/256 (1.6 Kbit/s) pulse position coding

■ From tag: load modulation using Manchester

coding with 423 kHz and 484 kHz subcarriers in low (6.6 Kbit/s) or high (26 Kbit/s) data rate mode. Supports the 53 Kbit/s data rate with Fast commands

■ Internal tuning capacitor (21 pF)

■ 1 000 000 Erase/Write cycles (minimum)

■ 40 year data retention (minimum)

■ 1024-bit EEPROM with Block Lock feature

■ 64-bit unique identifier (UID)

■ Electrical article surveillance capable (software

controlled)

■ Kill function

■ Read & Write (block of 32 bits)

■ 5 ms programming time

LRI1K

November 2010 Doc ID 17170 Rev 3 1/86

www.st.com

Contents LRI1K

Contents

1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.1 Memory mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.2 Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.3 Initial dialogue for vicinity cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.3.1 Power transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.3.2 Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.3.3 Operating field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2 Communication signal from VCD to LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3 Data rate and data coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3.1 Data coding mode: 1 out of 256 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3.2 Data coding mode: 1 out of 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.3 VCD to LRI1K frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.4 Start of frame (SOF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4 Communications signal from LRI1K to VCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

4.1 Load modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

4.2 Subcarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

4.3 Data rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5 Bit representation and coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

5.1 Bit coding using one subcarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

5.1.1 High data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

5.1.2 Low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

5.2 Bit coding using two subcarriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

5.2.1 High data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

5.2.2 Low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

6 LRI1K to VCD frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

6.1 SOF when using one subcarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

6.1.1 High data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

6.1.2 Low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

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LRI1K Contents

6.2 SOF when using two subcarriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

6.2.1 High data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

6.2.2 Low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

6.3 EOF when using one subcarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

6.3.1 High data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

6.3.2 Low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

6.4 EOF when using two subcarriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

6.4.1 High data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

6.4.2 Low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

7 Unique identifier (UID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

8 Application family identifier (AFI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

9 Data storage format identifier (DSFID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

9.1 CRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

10 LRI1K protocol description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

11 LRI1K states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

11.1 Power-off state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

11.2 Ready state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

11.3 Quiet state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

11.4 Selected state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

12 Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

12.1 Addressed mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

12.2 Non-Addressed mode (general request) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

12.3 Select mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

13 Request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

13.1 Request flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

14 Response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

14.1 Response flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

14.2 Response error code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Doc ID 17170 Rev 3 3/86

Contents LRI1K

15 Anticollision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

15.1 Request parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

16 Request processing by the LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

17 Explanation of the possible cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

18 Inventory Initiated command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

19 Timing definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

19.1 t1: LRI1K response delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

19.2 t2: VCD new request delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

19.3 t

: VCD new request delay in the absence of a response from the LRI1K 46

20 Commands codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

20.1 Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

20.2 Stay Quiet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

20.3 Read Single Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

20.4 Write Single Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

20.5 Lock Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

20.6 Read Multiple Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

20.7 Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

20.8 Reset to Ready . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

20.9 Write AFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

20.10 Lock AFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

20.11 Write DSFID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

20.12 Lock DSFID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

20.13 Get System Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

20.14 Get Multiple Block Security Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

20.15 Kill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

20.16 Write Kill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

20.17 Lock Kill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

20.18 Fast Read Single Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

20.19 Fast Inventory Initiated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

20.20 Fast Initiate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

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LRI1K Contents

20.21 Fast Read Multiple Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

20.22 Inventory Initiated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

20.23 Initiate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

21 Maximum rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

22 DC and AC parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

23 Part numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Appendix A Anticollision algorithm (Informative) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

A.1 Algorithm for pulsed slots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Appendix B CRC (Informative) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

B.1 CRC error detection method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

B.2 CRC calculation example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

B.3 Application family identifier (AFI) (informative) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Doc ID 17170 Rev 3 5/86

List of tables LRI1K

List of tables

Table 1. Signal names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Table 2. LRI1K memory map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Table 3. 10% modulation parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Table 4. Response data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Table 5. UID format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Table 6. CRC transmission rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Table 7. VCD request frame format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Table 8. LRI1K response frame format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Table 9. LRI1K response depending on request flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Table 10. General request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Table 11. Definitions of request flags 1 to 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Table 12. Request flags 5 to 8 when bit 3 = 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Table 13. Request flags 5 to 8 when bit 3 = 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Table 14. General response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Table 15. Definitions of response flags 1 to 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Table 16. Response error code definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Table 17. Inventory request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Table 18. Example of the addition of 0-bits to an 11-bit mask value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Table 19. Timing values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Table 20. Command codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Table 21. Inventory request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Table 22. Inventory response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Table 23. Stay Quiet request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Table 24. Read Single Block request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Table 25. Read Single Block response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Table 26. Block Locking status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Table 27. Read Single Block response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Table 28. Write Single Block request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Table 29. Write Single Block response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Table 30. Write Single Block response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Table 31. Lock Single Block request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Table 32. Lock Block response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Table 33. Lock Block response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Table 34. Read Multiple Block request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Table 35. Read Multiple Block response format when Error_flag is NOT set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Table 36. Block Locking status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Table 37. Read Multiple Block response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Table 38. Select request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Table 39. Select Block response format when Error_flag is NOT set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Table 40. Select response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Table 41. Reset to Ready request format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Table 42. Reset to Ready response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Table 43. Reset to ready response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Table 44. Write AFI request format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Table 45. Write AFI response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Table 46. Write AFI response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Table 47. Lock AFI request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Table 48. Lock AFI response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

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LRI1K List of tables

Table 49. Lock AFI response format when Error_flag is set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Table 50. Write DSFID request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Table 51. Write DSFID response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Table 52. Write DSFID response format when Error_flag is set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Table 53. Lock DSFID request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Table 54. Lock DSFID response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Table 55. Lock DSFID response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Table 56. Get System Info request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Table 57. Get System Info response format when Error_flag is NOT set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Table 58. Get System Info response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Table 59. Get Multiple Block Security Status request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Table 60. Get Multiple Block Security Status response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . 63

Table 61. Block Locking status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Table 62. Get Multiple Block Security Status response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Table 63. Kill request format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Table 64. Kill response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Table 65. Kill response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Table 66. Write Kill request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Table 67. Write Kill response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Table 68. Write Kill response format when Error_flag is set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Table 69. Lock Kill request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Table 70. Lock Kill response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Table 71. Lock Kill response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Table 72. Fast Read Single Block request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Table 73. Fast Read Single Block response format when Error_flag is NOT set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Table 74. Block Locking status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Table 75. Fast Read Single Block response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Table 76. Fast Inventory Initiated request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Table 77. Fast Inventory Initiated response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Table 78. Fast Initiate request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Table 79. Fast Initiate response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Table 80. Fast Read Multiple Block request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Table 81. Fast Read Multiple Block response format when Error_flag is NOT set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Table 82. Block Locking status if Option_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Table 83. Fast Read Multiple Block response format when Error_flag is set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Table 84. Inventory Initiated request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Table 85. Inventory Initiated response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Table 86. Initiate request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Table 87. Initiate Initiated response format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Table 88. Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Table 89. AC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Table 90. DC characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Table 91. Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Table 92. Ordering information scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Table 93. CRC definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Table 94. AFI coding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Table 95. Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Doc ID 17170 Rev 3 7/86

List of figures LRI1K

List of figures

Figure 1. Pad connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Figure 2. 100% modulation waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 3. 10% modulation waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 4. 1 out of 256 coding mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Figure 5. Detail of one time period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Figure 6. 1 out of 4 coding mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Figure 7. 1 out of 4 coding example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Figure 8. SOF to select 1 out of 256 data coding mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Figure 9. SOF to select 1 out of 4 data coding mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Figure 10. EOF for either data coding mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Figure 11. Logic 0, high data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Figure 12. Logic 0, high data rate x2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Figure 13. Logic 1, high data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Figure 14. Logic 1, high data rate x2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Figure 15. Logic 0, low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Figure 16. Logic 0, low data rate x2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Figure 17. Logic 1, low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Figure 18. Logic 1, low data rate x2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Figure 19. Logic 0, high data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Figure 20. Logic 1, high data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Figure 21. Logic 0, low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Figure 22. Logic 1, low data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Figure 23. Start of frame, high data rate, one subcarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Figure 24. Start of frame, high data rate, one subcarrier x2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Figure 25. Start of frame, low data rate, one subcarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Figure 26. Start of frame, low data rate, one subcarrier x2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Figure 27. Start of frame, high data rate, two subcarriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Figure 28. Start of frame, low data rate, two subcarriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Figure 29. End of frame, high data rate, one subcarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Figure 30. End of frame, high data rate, one subcarrier x2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Figure 31. End of frame, low data rate, one subcarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Figure 32. End of frame, low data rate, one subcarrier x2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Figure 33. End of frame, high data rate, two subcarriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Figure 34. End of frame, low data rate, two subcarriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Figure 35. LRI1K decision tree for AFI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Figure 36. LRI1K protocol timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Figure 37. LRI1K state transition diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Figure 38. Principle of comparison between the mask, the slot number and the UID . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Figure 39. Description of a possible anticollision sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Figure 40. Stay Quiet frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Figure 41. READ Single Block frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Figure 42. Write Single Block frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Figure 43. Lock Block frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Figure 44. Read Multiple Block frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Figure 45. Select frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Figure 46. Reset to Ready frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Figure 47. Write AFI frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Figure 48. Lock AFI frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

8/86 Doc ID 17170 Rev 3

LRI1K List of figures

Figure 49. Write DSFID frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Figure 50. Lock DSFID frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Figure 51. Get System Info frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Figure 52. Get Multiple Block Security Status frame exchange between VCD and

LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Figure 53. Kill frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Figure 54. Write Kill frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Figure 55. Lock Kill frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Figure 56. Fast Read Single Block frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Figure 57. Fast Initiate frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Figure 58. Fast Read Multiple Block frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Figure 59. Initiate frame exchange between VCD and LRI1K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Figure 60. LRI1K synchronous timing, transmit and receive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Doc ID 17170 Rev 3 9/86

Description LRI1K

!)

!#

,2)+

!#

0OWER SUPPLY

REGULATOR

-ANCHESTER LOAD

MODULATOR

!3+

DEMODULATOR

BIT

%%02/-

MEMORY

1 Description

The LRI1K is a contactless memory powered by the received carrier electromagnetic wave. It is a 1024-bit electrically erasable programmable memory (EEPROM). The memory is organized as 32 blocks of 32 bits. The LRI1K is accessed via the 13.56 MHz carrier electromagnetic wave on which incoming data are demodulated from the received signal amplitude modulation (ASK: amplitude shift keying). The received ASK wave is 10% or 100% modulated with a data rate of 1.6 Kbit/s using the 1/256 pulse coding mode or a data rate of 26 Kbit/s using the 1/4 pulse coding mode.

Outgoing data are generated by the LRI1K load variation using Manchester coding with one or two subcarrier frequencies at 423 kHz and 484 kHz. Data are transferred from the LRI1K at 6.6 Kbit/s in low data rate mode and 26 Kbit/s fast data rate mode. The LRI1K supports 53 Kbit/s in high data rate mode with one subcarrier frequency at 423 kHz.

The LRI1K follows the ISO 15693 recommendation for radio-frequency power and signal interface.

Figure 1. Pad connections

Table 1. Signal names

Signal name Function

AC1 Antenna coil

AC0 Antenna coil

10/86 Doc ID 17170 Rev 3

LRI1K Description

1.1 Memory mapping

The LRI1K is divided into 32 blocks of 32 bits. Each block can be individually write-protected using the Lock command.

Table 2. LRI1K memory map

Add 0 7 8 15 16 23 24 31

0 User area

1 User area

2 User area

3 User area

4 User area

5 User area

6 User area

7 User area

8 User area

User area

28 User area

29 User area

30 User area

31 User area

UID 0 UID 1 UID 2 UID 3

UID 4 UID 5 UID 6 UID 7

AFI DSFID

Kill code

The User area consists of blocks that are always accessible in read mode. Write operations are possible if the addressed block is not protected. During a write operation, the 32 bits of the block are replaced by the new 32-bit value.

The LRI1K also has a 64-bit block that is used to store the 64-bit unique identifier (UID). The UID is compliant to the ISO 15963 description, and its value is used during the anticollision sequence (Inventory). This block is not accessible by the user and its value is written by ST on the production line.

The LRI1K also includes an AFI register in which the application family identifier is stored, and a DSFID register in which the data storage family identifier used in the anticollision algorithm is stored. The LRI1K has an additional 32-bit block in which the kill code is stored.

Doc ID 17170 Rev 3 11/86

Description LRI1K

1.2 Commands

The LRI1K supports the following commands:

● Inventory, used to perform the anticollision sequence.

● Stay Quiet, used to put the LRI1K in quiet mode, where it does not respond to any

inventory command.

● Select, used to select the LRI1K. After this command, the LRI1K processes all

Read/Write commands with Select_flag set.

● Reset To Ready, used to put the LRI1K in the ready state.

● Read Block, used to output the 32 bits of the selected block and its locking status.

● Write Block, used to write the 32-bit value in the selected block, provided that it is not

locked.

● Lock Block, used to lock the selected block. After this command, the block cannot be

modified.

● Read Multiple Blocks, used to read the selected blocks and send back their value.

● Write AFI, used to write the 8-bit value in the AFI register.

● Lock AFI, used to lock the AFI register.

● Write DSFID, used to write the 8-bit value in the DSFID register.

● Lock DSFID, used to lock the DSFID register.

● Get System Info, used to provide the system information value

● Get Multiple Block Security Status, used to send the security status of the selected

block.

● Initiate, used to trigger the tag response to the Inventory Initiated sequence.

● Inventory Initiated, used to perform the anticollision sequence triggered by the Initiate

command.

● Kill, used to definitively deactivate the tag.

● Write Kill, used to write the 32-bit Kill code value

● Lock Kill, used to lock the Kill Code register.

● Fast Initiate, used to trigger the tag response to the Inventory Initiated sequence.

● Fast Inventory Initiated, used to perform the anticollision sequence triggered by the

Initiate command.

● Fast Read Block, used to output the 32 bits of the selected block and its locking status.

● Fast Read Multiple Blocks, used to read the selected blocks and send back their

value.

12/86 Doc ID 17170 Rev 3

LRI1K Description

1.3 Initial dialogue for vicinity cards

The dialog between the vicinity coupling device (VCD) and the vicinity integrated circuit card or VICC (LRI1K) takes place as follows:

● activation of the LRI1K by the RF operating field of the VCD

● transmission of a command by the VCD

● transmission of a response by the LRI1K

These operations use the RF power transfer and communication signal interface described below (see Power transfer, Frequency and Operating field). This technique is called RTF (reader talk first).

1.3.1 Power transfer

Power is transferred to the LRI1K by radio frequency at 13.56 MHz via coupling antennas in the LRI1K and the VCD. The RF operating field of the VCD is transformed on the LRI1K antenna as an AC voltage which is rectified, filtered and internally regulated. The amplitude modulation (ASK) on this received signal is demodulated by the ASK demodulator.

1.3.2 Frequency

The ISO 15693 standard defines the carrier frequency (fc) of the operating field as

13.56 MHz ±7 kHz.

1.3.3 Operating field

The LRI1K operates continuously between H

● The minimum operating field is H

● The maximum operating field is H

A VCD must generate a field of at least H volume.

and H

min

and has a value of 150 mA/m rms.

min

and has a value of 5 A/m rms.

max

and not exceeding H

min

max

in the operating

Doc ID 17170 Rev 3 13/86

Communication signal from VCD to LRI1K LRI1K

AI06683

tRFF

tRFSBL

tRFR

105%

100%

95%

60%

AI06655B

tRFF tRFSFL tRFR

ab t

2 Communication signal from VCD to LRI1K

Communications between the VCD and the LRI1K take place using the modulation principle of ASK (amplitude shift keying). Two modulation indexes are used, 10% and 100%. The LRI1K decodes both. The VCD determines which index is used.

The modulation index is defined as [a – b]/[a + b] where a is the peak signal amplitude and b the minimum signal amplitude of the carrier frequency.

Depending on the choice made by the VCD, a "pause" will be created as described in

Figure 2 and Figure 3.

The LRI1K is operational for any degree of modulation index between 10% and 30%.

Figure 2. 100% modulation waveform

Table 3. 10% modulation parameters

Symbol Parameter definition Value

hr 0.1 x (a – b) max

hf 0.1 x (a – b) max

Figure 3. 10% modulation waveform

14/86 Doc ID 17170 Rev 3

LRI1K Data rate and data coding

AI06656

0 1 2 3 . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 2 2

. . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5 5 5

. . . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 4 5

4.833 ms

18.88 µs

9.44 µs

Pulse Modulated Carrier

3 Data rate and data coding

The data coding implemented in the LRI1K uses pulse position modulation. Both data coding modes that are described in the ISO 15693 are supported by the LRI1K. The selection is made by the VCD and indicated to the LRI1K within the start of frame (SOF).

3.1 Data coding mode: 1 out of 256

The value of one single byte is represented by the position of one pause. The position of the pause on 1 of 256 successive time periods of 18.88 µs (256/f byte. In this case the transmission of one byte takes 4.833 ms and the resulting data rate is

1.65 Kbits/s (f

/8192).

Figure 4 illustrates this pulse position modulation technique. In this Figure, data E1h (225

decimal) is sent by the VCD to the LRI1K.

The pause occurs during the second half of the position of the time period that determines the value, as shown in Figure 5.

A pause during the first period transmits the data value 00h. A pause during the last period transmits the data value FFh (255 decimal).

), determines the value of the

Figure 4. 1 out of 256 coding mode

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2 2 5

18.88 µs

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Pulse Modulated Carrier

2 2 6

2 2 4

. . . . . . .. . . . . . .

Time Period

one of 256

Figure 5. Detail of one time period

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75.52 µs

28.32 µs 9.44 µs

75.52 µs

47.20µs 9.44 µs

75.52 µs

66.08 µs 9.44 µs

75.52 µs

Pulse position for "00"

Pulse position for "11"

Pulse position for "10" (0=LSB)

Pulse position for "01" (1=LSB)

3.2 Data coding mode: 1 out of 4

The value of 2 bits is represented by the position of one pause. The position of the pause on 1 of 4 successive time periods of 18.88 µs (256/f successive pairs of bits form a byte, where the least significant pair of bits is transmitted first.

In this case the transmission of one byte takes 302.08 µs and the resulting data rate is

26.48 Kbit/s (f

/512). Figure 6 illustrates the 1 out of 4 pulse position technique and coding.

Figure 7 shows the transmission of E1h (225d - 1110 0001b) by the VCD.

Figure 6. 1 out of 4 coding mode

) determines the value of the 2 bits. Four

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01 11

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37.76 µs

Figure 7. 1 out of 4 coding example

3.3 VCD to LRI1K frames

Frames are delimited by a start of frame (SOF) and an end of frame (EOF). They are implemented using code violation. Unused options are reserved for future use.

The LRI1K is ready to receive a new command frame from the VCD 311.5 µs (t sending a response frame to the VCD.

The LRI1K takes a Power-On time of 0.1 ms after being activated by the powering field. After this delay, the LRI1K is ready to receive a command frame from the VCD.

3.4 Start of frame (SOF)

The SOF defines the data coding mode the VCD is to use for the following command frame.

The SOF sequence described in Figure 8 selects the 1 out of 256 data coding mode.

The SOF sequence described in Figure 9 selects the 1 out of 4 data coding mode.

The EOF sequence for either coding mode is described in Figure 10.

Figure 8. SOF to select 1 out of 256 data coding mode

) after

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Figure 9. SOF to select 1 out of 4 data coding mode

Figure 10. EOF for either data coding mode

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Communications signal from LRI1K to VCD LRI1K

4 Communications signal from LRI1K to VCD

The LRI1K has several modes defined for some parameters, owing to which it can operate in different noise environments and meet different application requirements.

4.1 Load modulation

The LRI1K is capable of communication with the VCD via an inductive coupling area whereby the carrier is loaded to generate a subcarrier with frequency f generated by switching a load in the LRI1K.

The load-modulated amplitude received on the VCD antenna shall be at least 10 mV when measured as described in the test methods defined in International Standard ISO 10373-7.

4.2 Subcarrier

The LRI1K supports the one-subcarrier and two-subcarrier response formats. These formats are selected by the VCD using the first bit in the protocol header. When one subcarrier is used, the frequency f When two subcarriers are used, frequency f

484.28 kHz (f continuous phase relationship between f

of the subcarrier load modulation is 423.75 kHz (fC/32).

is 423.75 kHz (fC/32), and frequency fS2 is

/28). When using the two-subcarrier mode, the LRI1K generates a

and fS2.

. The subcarrier is

4.3 Data rates

The LRI1K can respond using the low or the high data rate format. The selection of the data rate is made by the VCD using the second bit in the protocol header. It also supports the x2 mode available on all the Fast commands. Table 4 shows the different data rates produced by the LRI1K using the different response format combinations.

Table 4. Response data rate

Data rate One subcarrier Two subcarriers

Low

High

Standard commands 6.62 Kbits/s (f

Fast commands 13.24 Kbits/s (f

Standard commands 26.48 Kbits/s (f

Fast commands 52.97 Kbits/s (f

/2048) 6.67 Kbits/s (fc/2032)

/1024) not applicable

/512) 26.69 Kbits/s (fc/508)

/256) not applicable

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5 Bit representation and coding

Data bits are encoded using Manchester coding, according to the following schemes. For the low data rate, the same subcarrier frequency or frequencies is/are used, in this case the number of pulses is multiplied by 4 and all times are increased by this factor. For the Fast commands using one subcarrier, all pulse numbers and times are divided by 2.

5.1 Bit coding using one subcarrier

5.1.1 High data rate

A logic 0 starts with 8 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) followed by an unmodulated time of

18.88 µs as shown in Figure 11.

Figure 11. Logic 0, high data rate

For the Fast commands, a logic 0 starts with 4 pulses at 423.75 kHz (f

/32) followed by an

unmodulated time of 9.44 µs as shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12. Logic 0, high data rate x2

A logic 1 starts with an unmodulated time of 18.88 µs followed by 8 pulses at 423.75 kHz (f

/32) as shown in Figure 13.

Figure 13. Logic 1, high data rate

For the Fast commands, a logic 1 starts with an unmodulated time of 9.44 µs followed by 4 pulses at 423.75 kHz (f

/32) as shown in Figure 14.

Figure 14. Logic 1, high data rate x2

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5.1.2 Low data rate

A logic 0 starts with 32 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) followed by an unmodulated time of

75.52 µs as shown in Figure 15.

Figure 15. Logic 0, low data rate

For the fast commands, a logic 0 starts with 16 pulses of 423,75 kHz (f

/32) followed by an

unmodulated time of 37,76 µs as shown in Figure 16.

Figure 16. Logic 0, low data rate x2

A logic 1 starts with an unmodulated time of 75,52 µs followed by 32 pulses of 423,75 kHz (f

/32) as shown in Figure 17.

Figure 17. Logic 1, low data rate

For the Fast commands, a logic 1 starts with an unmodulated time of 37.76 µs followed by 16 pulses at 423.75 kHz (f

/32) as shown in Figure 18.

Figure 18. Logic 1, low data rate x2

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5.2 Bit coding using two subcarriers

5.2.1 High data rate

A logic 0 starts with 8 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) followed by 9 pulses at 484.28 kHz (f

/28) as shown in Figure 19. For the Fast commands, the x2 mode is not available.

Figure 19. Logic 0, high data rate

A logic 1 starts with 9 pulses at 484.28 kHz (f (f

/32) as shown in Figure 20. For the Fast commands, the x2 mode is not available.

Figure 20. Logic 1, high data rate

5.2.2 Low data rate

A logic 0 starts with 32 pulses at 423.75 kHz (fC/32) followed by 36 pulses at 484.28 kHz (f

/28) as shown in Figure 21. For the Fast commands, the x2 mode is not available.

Figure 21. Logic 0, low data rate

A logic 1 starts with 36 pulses at 484.28kHz (fC/28) followed by 32 pulses at 423.75kHz (f

/32) as shown in Figure 22. For the fast commands, the x2 mode is not available.

Figure 22. Logic 1, low data rate

/28) followed by 8 pulses at 423.75 kHz

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6 LRI1K to VCD frames

Frames are delimited by an SOF and an EOF. They are implemented using code violation. Unused options are reserved for future use. For the low data rate, the same subcarrier frequency or frequencies is/are used. In this case the number of pulses is multiplied by 4. For the Fast commands using one subcarrier, all pulse numbers and times are divided by 2.

6.1 SOF when using one subcarrier

6.1.1 High data rate

The SOF includes an unmodulated time of 56.64 µs followed by 24 pulses at 423.75 kHz (f

/32), and a logic 1 that consists of an unmodulated time of 18.88 µs followed by 8 pulses

at 423.75 kHz. The SOF is shown in Figure 23.

Figure 23. Start of frame, high data rate, one subcarrier

For the Fast commands, the SOF comprises an unmodulated time of 28.32 µs, followed by 12 pulses at 423.75 kHz (f

/32), and a logic 1 that consists of an unmodulated time of

9.44 µs followed by 4 pulses at 423.75 kHz as shown in Figure 24.

Figure 24. Start of frame, high data rate, one subcarrier x2

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6.1.2 Low data rate

SOF comprises an unmodulated time of 226.56 µs, followed by 96 pulses at 423.75 kHz (f

/32), and a logic 1 that consists of an unmodulated time of 75.52 µs followed by 32 pulses

at 423.75 kHz as shown in Figure 25.

Figure 25. Start of frame, low data rate, one subcarrier

For the Fast commands, the SOF comprises an unmodulated time of 113.28 µs followed by 48 pulses at 423.75 kHz (f followed by 16 pulses at 423.75 kHz as shown in Figure 26.

Figure 26. Start of frame, low data rate, one subcarrier x2

/32), and a logic 1 that includes an unmodulated time of 37.76 µs

6.2 SOF when using two subcarriers

6.2.1 High data rate

The SOF comprises 27 pulses at 484.28 kHz (fC/28), followed by 24 pulses at 423.75 kHz (f

/32), and a logic 1 that includes 9 pulses at 484.28 kHz followed by 8 pulses at 423.75

kHz as shown in Figure 27.

For the Fast commands, the x2 mode is not available.

Figure 27. Start of frame, high data rate, two subcarriers

6.2.2 Low data rate

The SOF comprises 108 pulses at 484.28 kHz (fC/28) followed by 96 pulses at 423.75 kHz (f

/32), and a logic 1 that includes 36 pulses at 484.28 kHz followed by 32 pulses at

423.75 kHz as shown in Figure 28.

For the Fast commands, the x2 mode is not available.

Figure 28. Start of frame, low data rate, two subcarriers

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6.3 EOF when using one subcarrier

6.3.1 High data rate

The EOF comprises a logic 0 that includes 8 pulses at 423.75 kHz and an unmodulated time of 18.88 µs, followed by 24 pulses at 423.75 kHz (f

56.64 µs as shown in Figure 29.

Figure 29. End of frame, high data rate, one subcarrier

For the Fast commands, the EOF comprises a logic 0 that includes 4 pulses at 423.75 kHz and an unmodulated time of 9.44 µs, followed by 12 pulses at 423.75 kHz (f unmodulated time of 28.32 µs as shown in Figure 30.

Figure 30. End of frame, high data rate, one subcarrier x2

/32) and by an unmodulated time of

/32) and an

6.3.2 Low data rate

The EOF comprises a logic 0 that includes 32 pulses at 423.75 kHz and an unmodulated time of 75.52 µs, followed by 96 pulses at 423.75 kHz (f

226.56 µs as shown in Figure 31.

Figure 31. End of frame, low data rate, one subcarrier

For the Fast commands, the EOF comprises a logic 0 that includes 16 pulses at 423.75 kHz and an unmodulated time of 37.76 µs, followed by 48 pulses at 423.75 kHz (f unmodulated time of 113.28 µs as shown in Figure 32.

Figure 32. End of frame, low data rate, one subcarrier x2

/32) and an unmodulated time of

/32) and an

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