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L78S05
User Manual
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ST L78S05, L78S09, L78S12, L78S18, L78S05C User Manual

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Features
■ Output voltages of 5; 7.5; 9; 10; 12; 15; 18; 24 V
■ Thermal overload protection
■ Short circuit protection
■ Output transition SOA protection
L78Sxx
L78SxxC
2 A positive voltage regulators
Datasheet − production data
Description
The L78Sxx series of three-terminal positive regulators is available in TO-220 and TO-3 packages and several fixed output voltages, making it useful in a wide range of applications. These regulators can provide local on-card regulation, eliminating the distribution problems associated with single point regulation. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut­down and safe area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 2 A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents.
TO-220
TO-3

Table 1. Device summary

Part numbers
L78S05 L78S09 L78S12 L78S18
L78S05C L78S09C L78S12C L78S18C
L78S75 L78S10 L78S15 L78S24
L78S75C L78S10C L78S15C L78S24C
May 2012 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 1/39
This is information on a product in full production.
www.st.com
39
Contents L78Sxx, L78SxxC
Contents
1 Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Pin configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 Maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4 Test circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6 Typical performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7 Package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
8 Order codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
L78Sxx, L78SxxC List of tables
List of tables
Table 1. Device summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Table 2. Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Table 3. Thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Table 4. Electrical characteristics of L78S05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Table 5. Electrical characteristics of L78S75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 6. Electrical characteristics of L78S09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 7. Electrical characteristics of L78S10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Table 8. Electrical characteristics of L78S12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Table 9. Electrical characteristics of L78S15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Table 10. Electrical characteristics of L78S18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Table 11. Electrical characteristics of L78S24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Table 12. Electrical characteristics of L78S05C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Table 13. Electrical characteristics of L78S75C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 14. Electrical characteristics of L78S09C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 15. Electrical characteristics of L78S10C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 16. Electrical characteristics of L78S12C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 17. Electrical characteristics of L78S15C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 18. Electrical characteristics of L78S18C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Table 19. Electrical characteristics of L78S24C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Table 20. TO-220 mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Table 21. Order codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 22. Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 3/39
List of figures L78Sxx, L78SxxC
List of figures
Figure 1. Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Figure 2. Pin connections (top view) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Figure 3. Schematic diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Figure 4. Application circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Figure 5. DC parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Figure 6. Load regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Figure 7. Ripple rejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Figure 8. Dropout voltage vs. junction temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Figure 9. Peak output current vs. input/output differential voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Figure 10. Output impedance vs. frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Figure 11. Output voltage vs. junction temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Figure 12. Supply voltage rejection vs. frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Figure 13. Quiescent current vs. junction temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Figure 14. Load transient response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 15. Line transient response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 16. Quiescent current vs. input voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 17. Fixed output regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 18. Constant current regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Figure 19. Circuit for increasing output voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Figure 20. Adjustable output regulator (7 to 30 V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Figure 21. 0.5 to 10 V regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Figure 22. High current voltage regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Figure 23. High output current with short circuit protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Figure 24. Tracking voltage regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Figure 25. Positive and negative regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Figure 26. Negative output voltage circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Figure 27. Switching regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Figure 28. High input voltage circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Figure 29. High input voltage circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Figure 30. High output voltage regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Figure 31. High input and output voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Figure 32. Reducing power dissipation with dropping resistor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Figure 33. Remote shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Figure 34. Power AM modulator (unity voltage gain, I
Figure 35. Adjustable output voltage with temperature compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Figure 36. Light controllers (V
Figure 37. Protection against input short-circuit with high capacitance loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Figure 38. Drawing dimension TO-220 (type STD-ST Dual Gauge) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Figure 39. Drawing dimension TO-220 (type STD-ST Single Gauge) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Figure 40. Drawing dimension tube for TO-220 Dual Gauge (mm.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Figure 41. Drawing dimension tube for TO-220 Single Gauge (mm.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
= VXX + VBE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Omin
≤ 1 A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
O
4/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Diagram

1 Diagram

Figure 1. Block diagram

Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 5/39
Pin configuration L78Sxx, L78SxxC

2 Pin configuration

Figure 2. Pin connections (top view)

TO-220

Figure 3. Schematic diagram

TO-3
6/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Maximum ratings

3 Maximum ratings

Table 2. Absolute maximum ratings

Symbol Parameter Value Unit
for V
= 5 to 18V 35
O
= 24V 40
for V
O
for L78Sxx -55 to 150
for L78SxxC 0 to 150
V
°C
T
P
T
V
I
STG
OP
DC input voltage
I
Output current Internally limited
O
Power dissipation Internally limited
D
Storage temperature range -65 to 150 °C
Operating junction temperature range
Note: Absolute maximum ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur.
Functional operation under these condition is not implied.

Table 3. Thermal data

Symbol Parameter TO-220 TO-3 Unit
R
thJC
R
thJA

Figure 4. Application circuits

Thermal resistance junction-case 5 4 °C/W
Thermal resistance junction-ambient 50 35 °C/W
Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 7/39
Test circuits L78Sxx, L78SxxC

4 Test circuits

Figure 5. DC parameter

Figure 6. Load regulation

Figure 7. Ripple rejection

8/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Electrical characteristics

5 Electrical characteristics

Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 10 V, IO = 500 mA, unless otherwise specified.

Table 4. Electrical characteristics of L78S05

Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
V
ΔV
ΔV
ΔI
ΔV
Output voltage 4.8 5 5.2 V
O
Output voltage IO = 1 A, VI = 7 V 4.75 5 5.25 V
O
= 7 to 25 V 100
V
Line regulation
O
Load regulation IO = 20 mA to 2 A 100 mV
O
I
Quiescent current 8 mA
Q
Quiescent current change
Q
/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = -55 °C to 150 °C -1.1 mV/°C
O
I
VI = 8 to 25 V 50
I
= 20 mA to 1 A 0.5
O
= 7 to 25 V, IO = 20 mA 1.3
V
I
eN Output noise voltage B =10 Hz to 100 kHz 40 µV
SVR Supply voltage rejection f = 120 Hz 60 dB
V
Operating input voltage IO ≤ 1 A 8 V
I
R
I
I
Output resistance f = 1 kHz 17 mΩ
O
Short circuit current VI = 27 V 500 mA
sc
Short circuit peak current 3 A
scp
mV
mA
Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 9/39
Electrical characteristics L78Sxx, L78SxxC
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 12.5 V, IO = 500 mA, unless otherwise specified.

Table 5. Electrical characteristics of L78S75

Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
V
ΔV
ΔV
ΔI
Output voltage 7.15 7.5 7.9 V
O
Output voltage IO = 1 A, VI = 9.5 V 7.1 7.5 7.95 V
O
V
= 9.5 to 25 V 120
Line regulation
O
Load regulation IO = 20 mA to 2 A 120 mV
O
I
Quiescent current 8 mA
Q
Quiescent current change
Q
I
= 10.5 to 20 V 60
V
I
I
= 20 mA to 1 A 0.5
O
= 20 mA, VI = 9.5 to 25 V 1.3
I
O
ΔVO/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = -55 °C to 150 °C -0.8 mV/°C
eN Output noise voltage B =10 Hz to 100 kHz 52 µV
SVR Supply voltage rejection f = 120 Hz 54 dB
V
Operating input voltage IO ≤ 1.5 A 10.5 V
I
R
I
I
Output resistance f = 1 kHz 16 mΩ
O
Short circuit current VI = 27 V 500 mA
sc
Short circuit peak current 3 A
scp
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 14 V, IO = 500 mA, unless otherwise specified.

Table 6. Electrical characteristics of L78S09

mV
mA
Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
V
ΔV
ΔV
ΔI
ΔV
Output voltage 8.65 9 9.35 V
O
Output voltage IO = 1 A, VI = 11 V 8.6 9 9.4 V
O
V
= 11 to 25 V 130
Line regulation
O
Load regulation IO = 20 mA to 2 A 130 mV
O
I
Quiescent current 8 mA
Q
Quiescent current change
Q
/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = -55 °C to 150 °C -1 mV/°C
O
I
VI = 11 to 20 V 65
I
= 20mA to 1A 0.5
O
= 11 to 25 V, IO = 20 mA 1.3
V
I
eN Output noise voltage B =10 Hz to 100 kHz 60 µV
SVR Supply voltage rejection f = 120 Hz 53 dB
V
Operating input voltage IO ≤ 1.5 A 12 V
I
R
I
I
Output resistance f = 1 kHz 17 mΩ
O
Short circuit current VI = 27 V 500 mA
sc
Short circuit peak current 3 A
scp
10/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
mV
mA
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Electrical characteristics
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 15 V, IO = 500 mA, unless otherwise specified.

Table 7. Electrical characteristics of L78S10

Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
V
ΔV
ΔV
ΔI
Output voltage 9.5 10 10.5 V
O
Output voltage IO = 1 A, VI = 12.5 V 9.4 10 10.6 V
O
V
= 12.5 to 30 V 200
Line regulation
O
Load regulation IO = 20 mA to 2 A 150 mV
O
I
Quiescent current 8 mA
Q
Quiescent current change
Q
I
= 14 to 22 V 100
V
I
I
= 20 mA to 1A 0.5
O
= 12.5 to 30 V, IO = 20 mA 1
V
I
ΔVO/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = -55 °C to 150 °C -1 mV/°C
eN Output noise voltage B =10 Hz to 100 kHz 65 µV
SVR Supply voltage rejection f = 120 Hz 53 dB
V
Operating input voltage IO ≤ 1.5 A 13 V
I
R
I
I
Output resistance f = 1 kHz 17 mΩ
O
Short circuit current VI = 27 V 500 mA
sc
Short circuit peak current 3 A
scp
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 19 V, IO = 500 mA, unless otherwise specified.

Table 8. Electrical characteristics of L78S12

mV
mA
Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
V
ΔV
ΔV
ΔI
ΔV
Output voltage 11.5 12 12.5 V
O
Output voltage IO = 1 A, VI = 14.5 V 11.4 12 12.6 V
O
V
= 14.5 to 30 V 240
Line regulation
O
Load regulation IO = 20 mA to 2 A 160 mV
O
I
Quiescent current 8 mA
Q
Quiescent current change
Q
/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = -55 °C to 150 °C -1 mV/°C
O
I
VI = 16 to 22 V 120
I
= 20 mA to 1 A 0.5
O
= 14.5 to 30 V, IO = 20 mA 1
V
I
mV
mA
eN Output noise voltage B =10 Hz to 100 kHz 75 µV
SVR Supply voltage rejection f = 120 Hz 53 dB
V
Operating input voltage IO ≤ 1.5 A 15 V
I
R
I
I
Output resistance f = 1 kHz 18 mΩ
O
Short circuit current VI = 27 V 500 mA
sc
Short circuit peak current 3 A
scp
Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 11/39
Electrical characteristics L78Sxx, L78SxxC
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 23 V, IO = 500 mA, unless otherwise specified.

Table 9. Electrical characteristics of L78S15

Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
V
ΔV
ΔV
ΔI
Output voltage 14.4 15 15.6 V
O
Output voltage IO = 1 A, VI = 17.5 V 14.25 15 15.75 V
O
V
= 17.5 to 30 V 300
Line regulation
O
Load regulation IO = 20 mA to 2 A 180 mV
O
I
Quiescent current 8 mA
Q
Quiescent current change
Q
I
= 20 to 26 V 150
V
I
I
= 20 mA to 1 A 0.5
O
= 17.5 to 30 V, IO = 20 mA 1
V
I
ΔVO/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = -55 °C to 150 °C -1 mV/°C
eN Output noise voltage B =10 Hz to 100 kHz 90 µV
SVR Supply voltage rejection f = 120 Hz 52 dB
V
Operating input voltage IO ≤ 1.5 A 18 V
I
R
I
I
Output resistance f = 1 kHz 19 mΩ
O
Short circuit current VI = 27 V 500 mA
sc
Short circuit peak current 3 A
scp
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 26 V, IO = 500 mA, unless otherwise specified.

Table 10. Electrical characteristics of L78S18

mV
mA
Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
V
ΔV
ΔV
ΔI
ΔV
Output voltage 17.1 18 18.9 V
O
Output voltage IO = 1 A, VI = 20.5 V 17 18 19 V
O
V
= 20.5 to 30 V 360
Line regulation
O
Load regulation IO = 20 mA to 2 A 200 mV
O
I
Quiescent current 8 mA
Q
Quiescent current change
Q
/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = -55 °C to 150 °C -1 mV/°C
O
I
VI = 22 to 28 V 180
I
= 20 mA to 1 A 0.5
O
= 20.5 to 30 V, IO = 20 mA 1
V
I
eN Output noise voltage B =10 Hz to 100 kHz 110 µV
SVR Supply voltage rejection f = 120 Hz 49 dB
V
Operating input voltage IO ≤ 1.5 A 21 V
I
R
I
I
Output resistance f = 1 kHz 22 mΩ
O
Short circuit current VI = 27 V 500 mA
sc
Short circuit peak current 3 A
scp
12/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
mV
mA
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Electrical characteristics
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 33 V, IO = 500 mA, unless otherwise specified.

Table 11. Electrical characteristics of L78S24

Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
V
ΔV
ΔV
ΔI
Output voltage 23 24 25 V
O
Output voltage IO = 1 A, VI = 27 V 22.82425.2 V
O
V
= 27 to 38 V 480
Line regulation
O
Load regulation IO = 20 mA to 2 A 250 mV
O
I
Quiescent current 8 mA
Q
Quiescent current change
Q
I
= 30 to 36 V 240
V
I
I
= 20 mA to 1 A 0.5
O
= 27 to 38 V, IO = 20 mA 1
V
I
mV
mA
ΔVO/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = -55 °C to 150 °C -1.5 mV/°C
eN Output noise voltage B =10 Hz to 100 kHz 170 µV
SVR Supply voltage rejection f = 120 Hz 48 dB
V
Operating input voltage IO ≤ 1.5 A 27 V
I
R
I
I
Output resistance f = 1 kHz 23 mΩ
O
Short circuit current VI = 27 V 500 mA
sc
Short circuit peak current 3 A
scp
Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 13/39
Electrical characteristics L78Sxx, L78SxxC
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 10 V, IO = 500 mA, unless otherwise specified.

Table 12. Electrical characteristics of L78S05C

Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
V
ΔV
ΔV
ΔI
ΔV
Output voltage 4.8 5 5.2 V
O
Output voltage IO = 1 A, VI = 7 V 4.75 5 5.25 V
O
V
= 7 to 25 V 100
Line regulation
O
Load regulation
O
I
Quiescent current 8 mA
Q
Quiescent current change
Q
/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = 0 °C to 70 °C -1.1 mV/°C
O
I
= 8 to 25 V 50
V
I
= 20 mA to 1.5 A 100
I
O
IO = 2 A 80
= 20 mA to 1 A 0.5
I
O
VI = 7 to 25 V, IO = 20 mA 1.3
eN Output noise voltage B = 10 Hz to 100 kHz 40 µV
SVR Supply voltage rejection f = 120 Hz 54 dB
V
Operating input voltage IO ≤ 1 A 8 V
I
R
I
I
Output resistance f = 1 kHz 17 mΩ
O
Short circuit current VI = 27 V 500 mA
sc
Short circuit peak current 3 A
scp
mV
mV
mA
14/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Electrical characteristics
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 12.5 V, IO = 500 mA, unless otherwise specified.

Table 13. Electrical characteristics of L78S75C

Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
V
ΔV
ΔV
ΔI
ΔV
Output voltage 7.15 7.5 7.9 V
O
Output voltage IO = 1 A, VI = 9.5 V 7.1 7.5 7.95 V
O
V
= 9.5 to 25 V 120
Line regulation
O
Load regulation
O
I
Quiescent current 8 mA
Q
Quiescent current change
Q
/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = 0 °C to 70 °C -0.8 mV/°C
O
I
= 10.5 to 20 V 60
V
I
= 20 mA to 1.5 A 140
I
O
IO = 2 A 100
= 20 mA to 1 A 0.5
I
O
VI = 9.5 to 25 V, IO = 20 mA 1.3
eN Output noise voltage B = 10 Hz to 100 kHz 52 µV
SVR Supply voltage rejection f = 120 Hz 48 dB
V
Operating input voltage IO ≤ 1 A 10.5 V
I
R
I
I
Output resistance f = 1 kHz 16 mΩ
O
Short circuit current VI = 27 V 500 mA
sc
Short circuit peak current 3 A
scp
mV
mV
mA
Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 15/39
Electrical characteristics L78Sxx, L78SxxC
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 14 V, IO = 500 mA, unless otherwise specified.

Table 14. Electrical characteristics of L78S09C

Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
V
ΔV
ΔV
ΔI
ΔV
Output voltage 8.65 9 9.35 V
O
Output voltage IO = 1 A, VI = 11 V 8.6 9 9.4 V
O
V
= 11 to 25 V 130
Line regulation
O
Load regulation
O
I
Quiescent current 8 mA
Q
Quiescent current change
Q
/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = 0 °C to 70 °C -1 mV/°C
O
I
= 11 to 20 V 65
V
I
= 20 mA to 1.5 A 170
I
O
IO = 2 A 100
= 20 mA to 1 A 0.5
I
O
VI = 11 to 25 V, IO = 20 mA 1.3
eN Output noise voltage B = 10 Hz to 100 kHz 60 µV
SVR Supply voltage rejection f = 120 Hz 47 dB
V
Operating input voltage IO ≤ 1 A 12 V
I
R
I
I
Output resistance f = 1 kHz 17 mΩ
O
Short circuit current VI = 27 V 500 mA
sc
Short circuit peak current 3 A
scp
mV
mV
mA
16/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Electrical characteristics
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 15 V, IO = 500 mA, unless otherwise specified.

Table 15. Electrical characteristics of L78S10C

Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
V
ΔV
ΔV
ΔI
ΔV
Output voltage 9.5 10 10.5 V
O
Output voltage IO = 1 A, VI = 12.5 V 9.4 10 10.6 V
O
V
= 12.5 to 30 V 200
Line regulation
O
Load regulation
O
I
Quiescent current 8 mA
Q
Quiescent current change
Q
/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = 0 °C to 70 °C -1 mV/°C
O
I
= 14 to 22 V 100
V
I
= 20 mA to 1.5 A 240
I
O
IO = 2 A 150
= 20 mA to 1 A 0.5
I
O
VI = 12.5 to 30 V, IO = 20 mA 1
eN Output noise voltage B = 10 Hz to 100 kHz 65 µV
SVR Supply voltage rejection f = 120 Hz 47 dB
V
Operating input voltage IO ≤ 1 A 13 V
I
R
I
I
Output resistance f = 1 kHz 17 mΩ
O
Short circuit current VI = 27 V 500 mA
sc
Short circuit peak current 3 A
scp
mV
mV
mA
Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 17/39
Electrical characteristics L78Sxx, L78SxxC
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 19 V, IO = 500 mA, unless otherwise specified.

Table 16. Electrical characteristics of L78S12C

Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
V
ΔV
ΔV
ΔI
ΔV
Output voltage 11.5 12 12.5 V
O
Output voltage IO = 1 A, VI = 14.5 V 11.4 12 12.6 V
O
V
= 14.5 to 30 V 240
Line regulation
O
Load regulation
O
I
Quiescent current 8 mA
Q
Quiescent current change
Q
/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = 0 °C to 70 °C -1 mV/°C
O
I
= 16 to 22 V 120
V
I
= 20 mA to 1.5 A 240
I
O
IO = 2 A 150
= 20 mA to 1 A 0.5
I
O
VI = 14.5 to 30 V, IO = 20 mA 1
eN Output noise voltage B =10 Hz to 100 kHz 75 µV
SVR Supply voltage rejection f = 120 Hz 47 dB
V
Operating input voltage IO ≤ 1 A 15 V
I
R
I
I
Output resistance f = 1 kHz 18 mΩ
O
Short circuit current VI = 27 V 500 mA
sc
Short circuit peak current 3 A
scp
mV
mV
mA
18/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Electrical characteristics
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 23 V, IO = 500 mA, unless otherwise specified.

Table 17. Electrical characteristics of L78S15C

Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
V
ΔV
ΔV
ΔI
ΔV
Output voltage 14.4 15 15.6 V
O
Output voltage IO = 1 A, VI = 17.5 V 14.25 15 15.75 V
O
V
= 17.5 to 30 V 300
Line regulation
O
Load regulation
O
I
Quiescent current 8 mA
Q
Quiescent current change
Q
/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = 0 °C to 70 °C -1 mV/°C
O
I
= 20 to 26 V 150
V
I
= 20 mA to 1.5 A 300
I
O
IO = 2 A 150
= 20 mA to 1 A 0.5
I
O
VI = 17.5 to 30 V, IO = 20 mA 1
eN Output noise voltage B =10 Hz to 100 kHz 90 µV
SVR Supply voltage rejection f = 120 Hz 46 dB
V
Operating input voltage IO ≤ 1 A 18 V
I
R
I
I
Output resistance f = 1 kHz 19 mΩ
O
Short circuit current VI = 27 V 500 mA
sc
Short circuit peak current 3 A
scp
mV
mV
mA
Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 19/39
Electrical characteristics L78Sxx, L78SxxC
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 26 V, IO = 500 mA, unless otherwise specified.

Table 18. Electrical characteristics of L78S18C

Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
V
ΔV
ΔV
ΔI
ΔV
Output voltage 17.1 18 18.9 V
O
Output voltage IO = 1 A, VI = 20.5 V 17 18 19 V
O
V
= 20.5 to 30 V 360
Line regulation
O
Load regulation
O
I
Quiescent current 8 mA
Q
Quiescent current change
Q
/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = 0 °C to 70 °C -1 mV/°C
O
I
= 22 to 28 V 180
V
I
= 20 mA to 1.5 A 360
I
O
IO = 2 A 200
= 20 mA to 1 A 0.5
I
O
VI = 20.5 to 30 V, IO = 20 mA 1
eN Output noise voltage B =10 Hz to 100 kHz 110 µV
SVR Supply voltage rejection f = 120 Hz 43 dB
V
Operating input voltage IO ≤ 1 A 21 V
I
R
I
I
Output resistance f = 1 kHz 22 mΩ
O
Short circuit current VI = 27 V 500 mA
sc
Short circuit peak current 3 A
scp
mV
mV
mA
20/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Electrical characteristics
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 33 V, IO = 500 mA, unless otherwise specified.

Table 19. Electrical characteristics of L78S24C

Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
V
ΔV
ΔV
ΔI
ΔV
Output voltage 23 24 25 V
O
Output voltage IO = 1 A, VI = 27 V 22.82425.2 V
O
V
= 27 to 38 V 480
Line regulation
O
Load regulation
O
I
Quiescent current 8 mA
Q
Quiescent current change
Q
/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = 0 °C to 70 °C -1.5 mV/°C
O
I
= 30 to 36 V 240
V
I
= 20 mA to 1.5 A 480
I
O
IO = 2 A 300
= 20 mA to 1 A 0.5
I
O
VI = 27 to 38 V, IO = 20 mA 1
eN Output noise voltage B = 10 Hz to 100 kHz 170 µV
SVR Supply voltage rejection f = 120 Hz 42 dB
V
Operating input voltage IO ≤ 1 A 27 V
I
R
I
I
Output resistance f = 1 kHz 28 mΩ
O
Short circuit current VI = 27 V 500 mA
sc
Short circuit peak current 3 A
scp
mV
mV
mA
Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 21/39
Typical performance L78Sxx, L78SxxC

6 Typical performance

Figure 8. Dropout voltage vs. junction
temperature
Figure 9. Peak output current vs.
input/output differential voltage

Figure 10. Output impedance vs. frequency Figure 11. Output voltage vs. junction

temperature
Figure 12. Supply voltage rejection vs.
frequency
Figure 13. Quiescent current vs. junction
22/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
temperature
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Typical performance

Figure 14. Load transient response Figure 15. Line transient response

Figure 16. Quiescent current vs. input voltage

Figure 17. Fixed output regulator

1. To specify an output voltage, substitute voltage value for "XX".
2. Although no output capacitor is need for stability, it does improve transient response.
3. Required if regulator is locate an appreciable distance from power supply filter.
Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 23/39
Typical performance L78Sxx, L78SxxC

Figure 18. Constant current regulator

IO = VXX/R1+I

Figure 19. Circuit for increasing output voltage

IR1 ≥ 5 I
d
VO = VXX(1+R2/R1)+IdR
d
2

Figure 20. Adjustable output regulator (7 to 30 V)

24/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Typical performance

Figure 21. 0.5 to 10 V regulator

VO=VXXR4/R

Figure 22. High current voltage regulator

R1 = ______________
IO = I
I
REQ
REG
1
V
BEQ1
-(IQ1/bQ1)
+ Q1 (I
REG
V
BEQ1
______)
R
1

Figure 23. High output current with short circuit protection

RSC=V
BEQ2/ISC
Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 25/39
Typical performance L78Sxx, L78SxxC

Figure 24. Tracking voltage regulator

Figure 25. Positive and negative regulator

26/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Typical performance

Figure 26. Negative output voltage circuit

Figure 27. Switching regulator

Figure 28. High input voltage circuit

VIN = VI - (VZ + VBE)
Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 27/39
Typical performance L78Sxx, L78SxxC

Figure 29. High input voltage circuit

Figure 30. High output voltage regulator

Figure 31. High input and output voltage

VO = VXX + V
Z1
28/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Typical performance

Figure 32. Reducing power dissipation with dropping resistor

V
I(min)-VXX-VDROP(max)
R = ____________________
I
O(max)+Id(max)

Figure 33. Remote shutdown

Figure 34. Power AM modulator (unity voltage gain, IO ≤ 1 A)
Note: The circuit performs well up to 100 kHz.
Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 29/39
Typical performance L78Sxx, L78SxxC

Figure 35. Adjustable output voltage with temperature compensation

VO = VXX (1+R2/R1) + V
BE
Note: Q2 is connected as a diode in order to compensate the variation of the Q1 VBE with the
temperature. C allows a slow rise time of the V
Figure 36. Light controllers (V
= VXX + VBE)
Omin
.
O
falls when the light goes up
V
O
30/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
VO rises when the light goes up
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Typical performance

Figure 37. Protection against input short-circuit with high capacitance loads

1. Application with high capacitance loads and an output voltage greater than 6 volts need an external diode
Figure 30 on page 28
(see falls rapidly while the output voltage decrease slowly. The capacitance discharges by means of the Base-
) to protect the device against input short circuit. In this case the input voltage
Emitter junction of the series pass transistor in the regulator. If the energy is sufficiently high, the transistor may be destroyed. The external diode by-passes the current from the IC to ground.
Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 31/39
Package mechanical data L78Sxx, L78SxxC

7 Package mechanical data

In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
®
ECOPACK specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: ECOPACK
packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK®
®
is an ST trademark.
www.st.com

Table 20. TO-220 mechanical data

Type STD - ST Dual Gauge Type STD - ST Single Gauge
Dim.
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 4.40 4.60 4.40 4.60
b 0.61 0.88 0.61 0.88
b1 1.14 1.70 1.14 1.70
c 0.48 0.70 0.48 0.70
D 15.25 15.75 15.25 15.75
D1 1.27
E 10.00 10.40 10.00 10.40
mm. mm.
.
e 2.40 2.70 2.40 2.70
e1 4.95 5.15 4.95 5.15
F 1.23 1.32 0.51 0.60
H1 6.20 6.60 6.20 6.60
J1 2.40 2.72 2.40 2.72
L 13.00 14.00 13.00 14.00
L1 3.50 3.93 3.50 3.93
L20 16.40 16.40
L30 28.90 28.90
∅P 3.75 3.85 3.75 3.85
Q 2.65 2.95 2.65 2.95
In spite of some difference in tolerances, the packages are compatible.
32/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Package mechanical data

Figure 38. Drawing dimension TO-220 (type STD-ST Dual Gauge)

Note: 1 Maximum resin gate protrusion: 0.5 mm.
2 Resin gate position is accepted in each of the two positions shown on the drawing, or their
symmetrical.
Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 33/39
0015988_S
Package mechanical data L78Sxx, L78SxxC

Figure 39. Drawing dimension TO-220 (type STD-ST Single Gauge)

34/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
8174627_B
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Package mechanical data

Figure 40. Drawing dimension tube for TO-220 Dual Gauge (mm.)

Figure 41. Drawing dimension tube for TO-220 Single Gauge (mm.)

Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 35/39
Package mechanical data L78Sxx, L78SxxC
TO-3 mechanical data
Dim.
A 11.85 0.466
B0.96 1.05 1.10 0.037 0.041 0.043
C 1.70 0.066
D 8.7 0.342
E 20.0 0.787
G 10.9 0.429
N 16.9 0.665
P 26.2 1.031
R 3.88 4.09 0.152 0.161
U 39.5 1.555
V 30.10 1.185
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
mm. inch.
P
A
G
U
V
N
O
B
D
C
E
R
P003C/C
36/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
L78Sxx, L78SxxC Order codes

8 Order codes

Table 21. Order codes

Packages
Part numbers
TO-220 T0-3
L78S05 L78S05T
L78S05CV L78S05CT
L78S05C
L78S05CV-DG
(2)
L78S75 L78S75T
L78S75CV L78S75CT
L78S75C
L78S75CV-DG
(2)
L78S09 L78S09T
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
Output voltage
5 V
5 V
5 V
7.5 V
7.5 V
7.5 V
9 V
L78S09C
L78S09CV-DG
L78S10 L78S10T
L78S10CV L78S10CT
L78S10C
L78S10CV-DG
L78S12 L78S12T
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
L78S12CV L78S12CT 12 V
L78S09CV 9 V
L78S12C
L78S12CV-DG
L78S15 L78S15T
(2)
(1)
L78S15CV 15 V
L78S15C
L78S15CV-DG
L78S18 L78S18T
(2)
(1)
L78S18C L78S18CV 18 V
L78S24 L78S24T
L78S24C L78S24CV L78S24CT
1. Available on request.
2. TO-220 Dual Gauge frame.
(1)
(1)
9 V
10 V
10 V
10 V
12 V
12 V
15 V
15 V
18 V
24 V
24 V
Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 37/39
Revision history L78Sxx, L78SxxC

9 Revision history

Table 22. Document revision history

Date Revision Changes
07-Sep-2006 2 Order codes updated.
20-Mar-2008 3 Added:
22-Mar-2010 4
08-Feb-2012 5
09-Mar-2012 6 Added: order codes L78S09CV-DG
15-May-2012 7 Added: order codes L78S75CV-DG and L78S10CV-DG
Added:
Figure 40
Added: order codes L78S05CV-DG, L78S12CV-DG and L78S15CV-DG
Table 21 on page 37
Table 1 on page 1
Table 20 on page 32, Figure 38 on page 33, Figure 39 on page 34
and
Figure 41 on page 35
.
.
.
Table 21 on page 37
,
.
Table 21 on page 37
.
38/39 Doc ID 2148 Rev 7
L78Sxx, L78SxxC
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Doc ID 2148 Rev 7 39/39
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