AN2799
Application note
Measuring mains power consumption
with the STM32x and STPM01
Introduction
This document describes a software and hardware solution concerning the STM32x
microcontroller and the STPM01 power meter for measuring mains power consumption and
also provides hardware and firmware guidelines to interface the STPM01 with the STM32x
microcontroller. Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the solution. The system described in
this document is the first “brick” to build a complex system for distributed load management.
Figure 1. Block diagram
AM00076v1
November 2008 Rev 1 1/14
www.st.com
Contents AN2799
Contents
1 File organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1 STM32F103xx microcontroller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1.1 STPM01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Hardware description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4 Firmware description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1 Power meter object description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1.1 Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1.2 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1.3 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.1.4 Deletion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2 Hardware abstraction layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2.1 HAL functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3 Application interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3.1 Application interface functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2/14
AN2799 File organization
1 File organization
The following table presents the firmware modules.
Table 1. Firmware modules
File Description
PowerMeterHal.h
PowerMeterHalTypes.h
PowerMeterObj.h
PowerMeterTypes.h
PowerMeterHal.c
PowerMeterObj.c
Meterlayer.h Definitions of application interface types and function prototypes
Meter.c
MeterHal.c
ExampleApp.c Library usage example
2 Hardware
The solution is based on the STM32F103xx in the LQFP64 package with 128 kB of Flash
and 20 kB of SRAM for demonstration purposes, but it can be easily ported on the smaller
STM32F101xx microcontroller family based on the same ARM Cortex™-M3 CPU as well.
The device used to measure the phase AC current is the STPM01 with a current
transformer.
Definitions of power meter hardware abstraction layer types and function
prototypes.
Definitions of power meter abstract objects and types.
Power meter hardware abstraction layer and abstract object
implementation
Application interface and hardware abstraction layer implementation
3/14
Hardware AN2799
2.1 STM32F103xx microcontroller
The following list is a brief description of the features of the STM32F103xx microcontroller.
Please refer to the STM32F103xx datasheet for a more detailed description of the device.
● Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU
– 72 MHz, 90 DMIPS with 1.25 DMIPS/MHz
– Single-cycle multiplication and hardware division
● Memory
– 32-to-128 Kbytes of Flash memory
– 6-to-20 Kbytes of SRAM
● Clock, reset and supply management
– 2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os
– POR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)
– 4-to-16 MHz quartz oscillator
– Internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC
– Internal 40 kHz RC
– PLL for CPU clock
– 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration
● Low power
– Sleep, stop and standby modes
– VBAT supply for RTC and backup registers
● 2 x 12-bit, 1 µs A/D converters (16-channel)
– Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V
– Dual-sample and hold capability
– Temperature sensor
● DMA
– 7-channel DMA controller
– Peripherals supported: timers, ADC, SPIs, I
● Debug mode
– Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces
● Up to 80 fast I/O ports
– 26/36/51/80 I/Os, all mappable on 16 external interrupt vectors, all 5 V-tolerant
except for analog inputs
● Up to 7 timers
– Up to three 16-bit timers, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter
– 16-bit, 6-channel advanced control timer: up to 6 channels for PWM output dead
time generation and emergency stop
– 2 watchdog timers (independent and window)
– SysTick timer: a 24-bit down counter
● Up to 9 communication interfaces
– Up to 2 I
2
C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)
2
Cs and USARTs
4/14
AN2799 Hardware
– Up to 3 USARTs (ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA capability, modem control)
– Up to 2 SPIs (18 Mbit/s)
– CAN interface (2.0B Active)
– USB 2.0 full speed interface
● Packages are ECOPACK
®
(RoHS compliant)
2.1.1 STPM01
The STPM01 is a programmable single-phase energy metering IC which is designed for
effective measurement of active, reactive and apparent energy in a power line system using
a Rogowski coil, a current transformer and shunt sensors. The solution presented in this
document is based on a current transformer sensor. The following list is a brief description of
the main features of the STPM01. For more details, please refer to the device datasheet.
● Active, reactive, apparent energies and RMS values
● Ripple-free active energy pulsed output
● Live and neutral monitoring for tamper detection
● Easy and fast digital calibration in only one point over the whole current range
● OTP for calibration and configuration
● Integrated linear V
● Selectable RC or crystal oscillator
● Supports 50-60 Hz - IEC62052-11, IEC62053-2X specification
● Less than 0.1% error
● Precision voltage reference: 1.23 V and 30 ppm/°C max
for digital and analog supply
REGS
2.2 Hardware description
The hardware used in managing the STPM01 by the STM32x microcontroller is described in
this section. Figure 2 shows a reference schematic to interface the STM32x microcontroller
with the STPM01. The STPM01 bidirectional data line is connected to the SPI-MISO of the
STM32. This is because the speeds for the data read and data write operations of the
STPM01 SPI interface are much too different: 32 MHz for the read operation and 100 kHz
for the write operation. In fact during the write operation, the serial communication is
emulated by software to have very slow communication on the STPM01 data line and during
the read operation, the STM32 SPI peripheral is used to reach the maximum speed
possible. Since the maximum speed of the STM32 SPI is 18 MHz, it doesn't matter which
SPI peripheral is used to have the maximum read bit rate. In this application the SPI2 is
used. The STPM01 clock is provided by the PA8 pin configured as the MCO alternate
function. The AC current is provided to the STPM01 by a current transformer connected to
the current channel 1. For more details about analog parts related to the STPM01, please
refer to the STPM01 datasheet.
Note: The solution has been validated using the “SmartPlug” board. For further details please
refer to the “SmartPlug hardware user manual” .
5/14
Hardware AN2799
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6/14
AM00077v1
AN2799 Functional description
3 Functional description
The STPM01 host interface is a single bidirectional data line SPI with a 32 MHz maximum
read speed and 100 kHz maximum write speed. Due to these requirements the STM32
microcontroller is used in the following way:
● In the reading phase, the MISO and SCLK pins are configured in alternate functions
and used by the SPI2 peripheral. The maximum reading speed is 18 MHz by an APB
speed equal to 36 MHz, configuring the SPI baud rate with APB/2.
● In the writing phase the MISO and SCLK pins are configured as GPIOs and the SPI
operation is emulated by firmware controlling the speed operations to not exceed the
100 kHz writing speed limit. The MCO pin is configured to provide the HSE clock.
4 Firmware description
The firmware for the management of the STPM01 energy meter has been developed using
an object oriented programming (OOP) approach even if standard ANSI C programming
language has been used.
4.1 Power meter object description
The power meter object is defined and implemented in the PowerMeterObj.c,
PowerMeterObj.h and PowerMeterTypes.h files. The power meter is represented by a
structure containing the properties and the method of the Power Meter Object as illustrated
in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Power meter object
AM00078v1
7/14
Firmware description AN2799
POWER_METER_OBJ
#define POWER_METER_OBJ
PM_u32 m_Voltage;
PM_u32 m_Current;
PM_u32 m_Energy ;
PM_RegistersType Registers;
PM_SignalsType Signals;
PM_ErrStatus (* Create)(PowerMeterType*);
PM_ErrStatus (* Destroy)(PowerMeterType*);
PM_ErrStatus (* Init)(PowerMeterType*);
PM_ErrStatus (* Reset)(PowerMeterType*);
PM_ErrStatus (*SetSignals)(PowerMeterType*,PM_SignalsType* pSignals);
PM_SignalsType* (*GetSignals)(PowerMeterType*);
PM_ErrStatus(*SetCfgRegsMode)(PowerMeterType*,PM_CfgRegsModeType CfgRegsMode);
PM_ErrStatus(*WriteConfigBit)(PowerMeterType*, PM_u8 uBitAddress, PM_u8
uBitValue);
PM_ErrStatus(*WriteConfigRegs)(PowerMeterType*,PM_u32 uCFL_Value, PM_u32
uCFH_Value);
PM_ErrStatus (*ReadRegisters)(PowerMeterType*, PM_u8 RegsToReadNum);
PM_ErrStatus (*ReadMeasure) (PowerMeterType*, PM_u8 MeasureType);
PM_u32 (*GetVoltage)(PowerMeterType*);
PM_u32 (*GetCurrent)(PowerMeterType*);
PM_u32 (*GetEnergy)(PowerMeterType*);
PM_ErrStatus (*OnSpiRxIrq)(PowerMeterType*);
typedef struct PowerMeter PowerMeterType; /* Forward declaration for circular
typedefs */
struct PowerMeter {
POWER_METER_OBJ
};
8/14
AN2799 Firmware description
4.1.1 Attributes
The object attributes are described as follows:
● m_Voltage: “private” variable containing the last read voltage in mV
● m_Current: “private” variable containing the last read current in mA
● m_Energy: “private” variable containing the last read energy in mW
● Registers: “public” structured variables containing the STPM01 registers:
– DAP: type0 active energy
– DRP: reactive energy
– DSP: apparent energy
– DFP: type1 energy
– DEV: RMS values of measured voltage and current
– DMV: instantaneous values of measured voltage and current
– CFL: lower part of the configuration register
– CFH: higher part of the configuration register
● Signals: “public” structured variables containing the signals descriptor used to interface
STM32 with STPM01:
– PM_SCS: this signal enables the SPI operation when low
– PM_SYN: When SCS is low, this signal selects the read or write operation. When
both SCS and SYN signals are high, the results of the input or output data are
transferred to the transmission latches.
– PM_SDA: SPI MISO signal. This signal is used as the STPM01 data signal. The
direction of this signal depends on the SYN signal.
– PM_SCLK: SPI clock signal
Each signal descriptor contains the STM32 port and pin number. For further details about
SPM01 registers and the microcontroller interface, please refer to the STPM01 datasheet.
4.1.2 Methods
The object methods are implemented by means of pointers to functions which are described
as follows:
● Create: this function initializes all power meter object elements (properties and
methods).
● Destroy: not used. Implemented to have a general object implementation.
● Init: this function initializes the power meter object properties and the power meter
signals putting them in the idle state.
● Reset: this function executes the reset sequence to perform the “remote reset”
operation of the STPM01 (Figure 4).
● SetSignals: this function initializes the “signals” attribute of the power meter object and
configures the GPIOs related to the signals.
● GetSignals: this function retrieves the “signals” attribute of the power meter object.
● SetCfgRegMode: this function sets the STPM01 configuration register as shadow
latches or OTP. In current AN firmware the STPM01 is configured to use the shadow
latches for the configuration for testing reasons.
9/14
Firmware description AN2799
● WriteConfigBit: this function writes a configuration bit of the STPM01 configuration
register formatting an 8-bit command word as the following:
1 bit data 6 bits configuration bits 1 bit don’t care
The configuration word is sent to the STPM01 by the SPI interface.
● WriteConfigRegs: this function writes the entire CFL and CFH configuration registers of
the STPM01.
● ReadRegisters: this function reads the registers from the STPM01 and assigns the
read values to the power meter object registers attribute. The number of read registers
depends on the RegToReadNum passed parameter.
● ReadMeasure: this function reads the RMS voltage and current registers from the
STPM01, calculates the real RMS values by multiplying the values of each register by
the calibration factors and assigns these values to the m_Voltage and m_Current
attributes of the power meter object.
● GetVoltage: this function retrieves the last read voltage value in mV.
● GetCurrent: this function retrieves the last read current value in mA.
● GetEnergy: this function retrieves the last read energy value in mW.
● OnSpiRxIrq: SPI interrupt event. Not used in this implementation. The SPI interrupt is
managed externally by the power meter object implementation.
Figure 4. Reset sequence
4.1.3 Construction
The power meter object is constructed by the NewPowerMeterObj function implemented
externally by the object itself. This function allocates the memory for the object, assigns the
create method and calls it to assign the rest of the object properties.
AM00079v1
10/14
AN2799 Firmware description
4.1.4 Deletion
The power meter object is deleted by the DeletePowerMeterObj function implemented
externally by the object itself. This function first calls the deletion method to free dynamically
allocated variables during object creation (in this case does nothing) then frees the allocated
memory for the power meter object.
4.2 Hardware abstraction layer
The HAL is implemented using the following files:
● PowerMeterHal.c
● PowerMeterHal.h
● PowerMeterHalTypes.h
This module is useful to abstract the power meter object implementation from the STM32
standard library.
4.2.1 HAL functions
The hardware abstraction layer functions are described as follows:
● PM_ConfigSignal: this function configures a pin according to the passed signal
descriptor and configuration type.
● PM_ReceiveRegOnSpi: this function receives the STPM01 internal register from the
SPI interface.
● PM_OnSpiRxIrq: This function implements the interrupt service routine of the SPI
interface. It is called when the FIFO of the SPI peripherals contains 1 byte or more and
assigns the received value to a shared register variable.
● SendClkToGetData: this function is used to provide the SPI clock to the STPM01 to
receive data.
● ConfigPin: pin configuration function.
4.3 Application interface
The application interface is implemented using the following files:
● Meter.c
● MeterHal.c
● MeterLayer.h
This layer is useful to abstract the application from the specific board used. In fact, the
functions implemented in the described modules allow the hardware configuration of the
specific board used. The firmware described in this document has been validated using the
“SmartPlug” board that includes two STPM01 meters enumerated as
PM_METER_TYPE_CONSUMPTION and PM_METER_TYPE_DISPERSION.
11/14
Conclusion AN2799
4.3.1 Application interface functions
The application interface functions are described as follows:
● PM_HwMetersCommonInit: this function configures the SPI peripheral (including the
interrupt controller), the STM32 MCO pin to provide the clock to both STPM01 and a
GPIO as input, useful to select two different operational modes:
– Normal Mode: typical operational mode.
– Calibration Mode: used to calibrate the STPM01 devices by an external tool. In
this mode the STM32 provides only the clock to the STPM01 devices.
These configurations are common to both STPM01 devices.
● M_HwMeterSignalsInit: this function initializes the signals specific for an STPM01. In
detail, the STM32 GPIO is used as the SCS for the specific device. The specific
STPM01 device is selected by an enumerator as already stated.
● ActivateMeter: this function includes all the operations to be done using the power
meter object for the STPM01 initialization.
All the initialization operations have been included in a single initialization procedure: Init,
establishing a power meter object and the STPM01 device identifier as parameters.
5 Conclusion
Summarizing, this document explains how to interface the STPM01 energy meter device to
the STM32x microcontroller including an easy-to-use firmware library. The firmware library
also includes the file ExampleApp.c which shows how to use the library itself. The user
application has to perform the standard STM32 configuration and simply call the
NewPowerObj for each STPM01 device to allocate the object, call the Init to perform the
power meters related initializations and configurations, call the ReadMeasure method to get
the data from STPM01 device and call GetVoltage and/or GetCurrent to get the last
measurement data.
12/14
AN2799 Revision history
6 Revision history
Table 2. Document revision history
Date Revision Changes
27-Nov-2008 1 Initial release
13/14
AN2799
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