SRK Electronics FMA501 User Manual

(ACN 089 050 564 ABN 44 089 050 564)

8 Victoria Grove

Hawthorn East

VIC 3123

Australia

SRK Electronics FMA501 manual

Safety notice

1 General description

2 Unpacking

3 Installation

4 Operation

4.1 Front panel

4.2 Rear panel

4.3 Switching on and off

4.4 Initial setup

4.5 Measuring other parameters

4.6 Setting power supply voltage

4.7 Setting the date and time

4.8 Protection

4.9 Remote operation

5 Maintenance

5.1 Recommended maintenance schedule

6 Circuit description

6.1 Equipment overview

6.2 Power supply

6.3 Control board

6.4 Amplifier palette

6.5 Output directional coupler

7 Trouble shooting

7.1 Diagnostics

7.2 Disassembly

Drawings

FMA501 Manual

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Safety note

This equipment uses high voltages internally. Any servicing should be performed by
competent individuals.

Prolonged exposure to high level RF radiation has been shown to pose a health risk.
Whilst the equipment is intrinsically safe, its use in conjunction with an antenna
system may generate large RF fields. Appropriate precautions should be taken by
individuals that habitually work close to the transmitting antenna.

The RF power devices of this equipment employ Beryllium Oxide. This substance is
extremely toxic if pulverised. On no account should any RF power devices be
smashed. Please refer to attached Material Safety Data Sheet for further information.

WARNING

THIS EQUIPMENT IS SUPPLIED WITH A MAINS LEAD INCORPORATING

AN EARTH WIRE. IT IS IMPERATIVE THAT THIS EQUIPMENT IS

CONNECTED TO A MAINS OUTLET THAT HAS AN EARTH. IN

COUNTRIES WHERE EARTHED OUTLETS ARE NOT MANDATORY, IT IS

THE CUSTOMER’S RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE THAT THIS

EQUIPMENT IS APPROPRIATELY EARTHED.

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1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The FMA501 is a high quality 500W amplifier intended for audio broadcast service in the FM
band.

Its features include:

• Wideband

• Energy efficient and high power factor

• Extensive metering

• Rugged design.

• Conservatively rated.

• Comprehensive telemetry.

• Flexible configuration.

Applications include standalone medium power transmitters and multiple units for high power
FM transmitters.

The FMA501 is designed and built in Australia.

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2 UNPACKING

This section details the way in which the FMA501 should be unpacked upon receipt by the
customer.

Note that if the FMA501 is installed in an SRK Electronics transmitter then this section is not
applicable.

The FMA501 should be removed from its packing, and the packing stored and used should it
be necessary to return the FMA501 to the manufacturer.

Along with the amplifier, the following items should also be present:

• This manual

• Mains lead

The customer should ensure that all items are present and then store them in a safe place.

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3 INSTALLATION

3.1 General

This section describes the installation and infrastructure requirements for the FMA501.
Departure from the instructions contained herein may void any warranty provided by SRK.

The FMA501 has been designed to be mounted in a standard 19” rack frame, where it will
occupy 3 rack units. Due to the weight of this unit, rear supports are also recommended.

However, the amplifier may also be used in a free standing situation, so long as all other
requirements are met as below.

3.2 Environmental

The amplifier is intended for indoor use. The amplifier should be protected from rainfall and
direct sunlight, extremes of temperature and humidity and from conditions of high dust levels.
The amplifier shall not be operated at altitudes in excess of 3500m above sea level. The
amplifier must be installed on a flat, stable surface. The amplifier must be installed in the
upright position. The amplifier must be installed in a location free from vermin and the ingress
of other animals. The amplifier shall not be installed in locations prone to flooding. All
ventilation orifices must be clear to allow adequate air flow.

3.3 Electrical supply

The electrical supply to the amplifier must be of the voltage, form and frequency described in
the specifications. All electrical wiring must be carried out in accordance with local laws,
standards and regulations. If power supply voltages regularly fall outside specifications then
a voltage regulator must be installed between the supply inlet and the amplifier.

3.4 Earthing

Adequate earthing of the amplifier is vital to ensure long term reliability and user safety. The
electrical supply must be earthed, via the earthing pin of the IEC connector. In countries
where power outlet earthing is merely optional, an earthed outlet must be used. See safety
notice at the front of this manual. A separate, independent, earth is required for the
amplifier/antenna system and must be connected to the earthing point indicated on the rear of
the amplifier. The cable used to connect the earth should be as thick as possible, with 8 AWG
being the smallest size acceptable. Where possible, broad earthing band should be used.

In addition to the earth connection to the amplifier, the outer conductor of the coax feed to the
antenna should be connected to the earth, as indicated below.

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The earth itself must be of high quality buried copper, at least 1.5m deep and preferably in
ground that is habitually humid (eg, the base of a gutter down pipe).

3.5 Antenna

The antenna load connected to the amplifier must be tuned to minimise reflections. Whilst the
amplifier is designed to withstand high levels of reflection for short periods, continually high
levels of reflected power will degrade the long term reliability of the amplifier. Operating SWR
should be kept to below 1.9:1.

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4 OPERATION

4.1 Front Panel

Please refer to figure 4.1. The numbers of the following paragraphs refer to the controls
shown in figure 4.1.

1 Air inlets
Allows cooling air to enter the amplifier. Under no circumstances must these be blocked.

2 Control knob
Used to select which parameter is displayed on the LCD. Also used to modify some
parameters.

3 LCD
The current parameter is displayed on the LCD, as well as any alarm conditions.

4.2 Rear panel.

Please refer to figure 4.2. The numbers of the following paragraphs refer to the controls
shown in figure 4.2.

5 Air outlets
Allows hot air to exit the amplifier. Under no circumstances must these be blocked, and any
external objects must be at least 500mm from the rear surface of the amplifier.

6 Remote connector
Remote operation is performed by making connection to this DB9 socket. Please refer to
section 4.9 for details

7 Mains input.
This is the mains input, 240V AC unless specified by the customer. Mating connector is IEC
female. Any connection made to this socket must incorporate a safety earth.

8 Mains circuit breaker
Mains over current protection. Button pops out under overload condition. Press to reset. If
fault persists investigate possible power supply failure.

9 Earth stud.
This is an M6 stud for connecting an earth. This is recommended for superior lightning
protection.

10 RF out.
This is the RF output and is connected to either the antenna (for stand-alone applications), or
the RF combiner unit. Mating connector is N type male, 50Ω.

11 RF in
This is the RF input and is connected to the driving exciter. Mating connector is N type male,
50Ω.

4.3 Switching on and off

The FMA501 is switched on by applying mains power. The LCD will light and show “Fwd
Pwr”, meaning forward power, in watts. The FMA501 is now in operating mode. Assuming

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there are no alarms and the unit has not been put into standby mode previously, the fans
should start.

4.4 Initial setup

Assuming that the amplifier has been correctly installed, enough RF input power should be
applied to give the desired forward output power. Initially set the drive power to zero and
slowly increase until the forward power, as shown on the LCD, is at the required level. Note
that it is not advisable to generate powers in excess of 500W.

4.5 Measuring other parameters

Once the correct forward power has been established, the other amplifier parameters may be
checked. The available parameters are as follows and can be accessed in turn by rotating
the control knob clockwise to go down the list, or anticlockwise to go up the list:

“Fwd Pwr” Forward RF output power in watts
“Ref Pwr” Reflected RF output power in watts
“”I/P Pwr” Input RF power in watts
“A Temp” Amplifier A temperature in °C
“”Amp A I” Amplifier A DC current in amps
“B Temp” Amplifier B temperature in °C
“Amp B I” Amplifier B DC current in amps
“Amp Volt” Amplifier DC voltage in volts
“AC Volts” Input line voltage in volts
Data and time, British 24 hour format
“Elapsed” Total number of days running

Selecting any of these parameters has no effect on the operation of the amplifier

4.6 Setting power supply voltage.

When running at output powers of less than 300W, improved efficiency and lower device
dissipation can be achieved by reducing the amplifier DC supply voltage to lower than the
nominal 50V. This PSU cut function can be performed via the front panel by selecting the
“Amp Volt” parameter and then momentarily pressing the control knob inwards. It will be
noticed that the indicated voltage will drop to a nominal value of 35V. Pressing the button
again will return the voltage to 50V.

If desired, the PSU voltage in the cut state can be adjusted using VR16 on the control board.

For security, the ability to select/deselect this function using the front panel can be disabled
using the FD command via remote control.

4.7 Setting the date and time.

The current date and time can be set by selecting date and time using the control knob.
Pressing the knob momentarily will make the years value flash. Whilst it is flashing, rotate the
knob until the current year is displayed. Press the knob momentarily and the month will now
start flashing. Set as per years and continue through day, hours, minutes and finally seconds.
When done, press the knob again and the flashing will stop. The date and time have now
been set.

For security, the ability to select/deselect this function using the front panel can be disabled
using the FD command via remote control.

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4.8 Protection

The FMA501 incorporates a number of protective features that make it extremely rugged.

If the reflected power from the antenna exceeds 50W then the output RF power will be
automatically reduced to bring the reflected power back to 50W. Under this condition the
FMA501 will continue to function, albeit at a reduced output power, indefinitely until the
reflected power reduces. The LCD will show “SWR HIGH”.

The forward power is limited to 550W. “RF HIGH” will be shown on the LCD under this
condition. RF input power should be reduced.

If the RF input power exceeds 20W, the amplifier will totally shutdown until the input power is
reduced to less than 10W.

If the temperature of the RF amplifier becomes excessive, then the RF output power will be
reduced to zero until the amplifier temperature falls to an acceptable level. During this time
the LCD will show “TEMPERATURE HIGH”. The upper limit for heatsink temperature is
85°C.

If the AC line voltage drops below 200V then the amplifier will shut down until line volts
exceeds 210V. The LCD will show “UNDER AC VOLTS”.

If the AC line voltage exceeds 275V then the amplifier will shut down until the line volts falls
below 260V. The LCD will show “OVER LINE VOLTS”.

4.9 Remote operation.

The FMA501 may be monitored and controlled remotely via the “TELEMTRY” connector on
the rear of the unit. This is an RS232 standard connection with the following characteristics:

Baud rate: 9600
Data bits: 8
Parity: NONE
Stop bits: 1
Flow control: NONE

The pinout for the DB9 connector is as follows: pin 2, transmit data, pin 3, receive data, pin 5,
common (0V). All other pins are not connected.

The FMA501 responds to the following commands. <CR> indicates the ASCII character 0D
hex. All letters are upper case, spaces (20 hex) are indicated by “_”. All commands must be
terminated by <CR>. Note that a line feed (0A hex) must not be sent before or after <CR>.
After a response is sent, a carriage return, line feed and “>” are sent.

FP?<CR>

Returns forward power in the form XXXW<LF><CR>>. For example:

FP?<CR> (command)
500W<LF><CR> (response from amplifier)

>

Note that for forward powers of 99W and below, the leading zero is replaced with a space

RP?<CR>

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Returns reflected power in the form XXXW<LF><CR>>. For example:

RP?<CR> (command)
_00W<LF><CR> (response from amplifier)

>

Note that for reflected powers of 99W and below, the leading zero is replaced with a space.

IP?<CR>

Returns the input power in the form XX.XW<LF><CR>>. For example:

IP?<CR> (command)
_7.5W<LF><CR> (response from amplifier)

>

Note that for input powers of 9.9W and below, the leading zero is replaced with a space.

AAT?<CR>

Returns the amplifier A temperature in the form XXXC<LF><CR>>. For example:

AAT?<CR> (command)
_32C<LF><CR> (response from amplifier)
>

Note that for temperatures of 99C and below, the leading zero is replaced with a space.

AAI?<CR>

Returns amplifier A DC current in the form XX.XA<LF><CR>>. For example:

AAI?<CR> (command)
_7.5A<LF><CR> (response from amplifier)

>

Note that for currents of 9.9A and below, the leading zero is replaced with a space.

ABT?<CR>

Returns the amplifier B temperature in the form XXXC<LF><CR>>. For example:

ABT?<CR> (command)
_32C<LF><CR> (response from amplifier)

>

Note that for temperatures of 99C and below, the leading zero is replaced with a space.

ABI?<CR>

Returns amplifier B DC current in the form XX.XA<LF><CR>>. For example:

ABI?<CR> (command)
_7.5A<LF><CR> (response from amplifier)
>

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Note that for currents of 9.9A and below, the leading zero is replaced with a space.

AV?<CR>

Returns the amplifier DC supply voltage in the form XX.XV<LF><CR>>. For example:

AV?<CR> (command)

50.1V<LF><CR> (response from amplifier)
>

Note that for voltages of 9.9V and below, the leading zero is replaced with a space.

LV?<CR>

Returns the line voltage in the form XXXV<LF><CR>>. For example:

LV?<CR> (command)
240V<LF><CR> (response from amplifier)

>

Note that for voltages of 99V and below, the leading zero is replaced with a space.

TD?<CR>

Returns the current time and date in the form XX:XX:XX_XX/XX/XX<LF><CR>>. For
example:

TD?<CR> (command)
14:27:07_02/05/06<LF><CR> (response from amplifier)

>

ET?<CR>

Returns the number of elapsed days the unit has been running in the form
XXXXX_DAYS<LF><CR>>. For example:

ET?<CR> (command)
__576_DAYS<LF><CR> (response from amplifier)

>

Note that the three leading zeros are blanked with spaces.

PS?<CR>

Returns the current front panel status. For example:

PS?<CR> (command)
Locked<LF><CR> (response from amplifier indicating that the front panel is locked)

>

or

Unlocked<LF><CR> (response from amplifier indicating that the front panel is unlocked)
>

ST?<CR>

Returns the current standby/running status. For example:

ST?<CR> (command)
Standby<LF><CR> (response from amplifier indicating that it is in standby)

>

or

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Running<LF><CR> (response from amplifier indicating that it is running)
>

PC?<CR>

Returns the current PSU cut status. For example:

PC?<CR> (command)
Off<LF><CR> (response from amplifier indicating that PSU cut is off)

>

or

On<LF><CR> (response from amplifier indicating that PSU cut is on)
>

BS?<CR>

Returns the current self test status in the form XXXXX<LF><CR>>, where X can be either 0
or 1. A 1 indicates a failure, a 0 indicates a pass. The first byte indicates line volts high, the
second indicates line volts low, the third indicates high temperature, the fourth indicates a
high input RF condition, the fifth indicates a high SWR condition and the sixth indicates a high
RF output power condition. For further information consult the section on protection. For
example:

BS?<CR> (command)
000010<LF><CR> (response from amplifier indicating a high SWR condition)

>

or

000000<LF><CR> (response from amplifier indicating no failures)
>

FE<CR>

Unlocks the front panel to allow parameters to be altered locally. For example:

FE<CR> (command to enable the front panel)
Ok<LF><CR> (response from amplifier indicating that command has been

> executed)

FD<CR>

Locks front panel. Parameters can be measured but not changed locally. For example:

FD<CR> (command to disable front panel)
Ok<LF><CR> (response from amplifier indicating that command has been

> executed)

SD=XX/XX/XX<CR>

Sets the date according to XX/XX/XX. For example:

SD=23/07/06<CR> (command)
Ok<LF><CR> (response from amplifier indicating that command has been
> executed)

ST=XX:XX:XX<CR>

Sets the time according to XX:XX:XX. For example:

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ST=11:45:32<CR> (command)
Ok<LF><CR> (response from amplifier indicating that command has been
> executed)

ON<CR>

Turns the amplifier on from a standby condition. The fans and the main PSU will start upon
receipt of this command. For example:

ON<CR> (command)
Ok<LF><CR> (response from amplifier indicating that command has been
> executed)

OFF<CR>

Turns the amplifier off into a standby condition. The fans and the main PSU will shutdown
upon receipt of this command. For example:

OFF<CR> (command)
Ok<LF><CR> (response from amplifier indicating that command has been
> executed)

PE<CR>

Enables PSU cut. The power supply voltage will drop to a nominal value of 35V upon receipt
of this command. For example:

PE<CR> (command)
Ok<LF><CR> (response from amplifier indicating that command has been
> executed)

PD<CR>

Disables PSU cut. The power supply voltage will rise to a nominal value of 50V upon receipt
of this command. For example:

PD<CR> (command)
Ok<LF><CR> (response from amplifier indicating that command has been
> executed)

HP?<CR>

Returns a summery of the above commands.

Any data received by the amplifier, other than the commands listed above will generate the
following error string:

Invalid_command.__Send_HP?(CR)_for_command_syntax.<LF><CR>
>

Any data outside the valid range for the parameter concerned will generate the following error
string:

Incorrect_value_or_syntax.__Send HP?(CR)_for_help.<LF><CR>
>

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Should it be necessary to make connection to the remote port using cables running external
to the building housing the FMA501, it is recommended that external filtering and transient
protection be installed on these lines.

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5 MAINTENANCE

5.1 Recommended maintenance schedule

The FMX501 will give many years of trouble free service with little or no attention

The air filter on the front panel should be regularly inspected and cleaned gently with warm
water if necessary.

If the operation of the date and time becomes erratic then replace the button cell on the
control board.

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6 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

6.1 Equipment Overview

The FMA501 consists of the following sub-assemblies:

• Power Supply

• Control board

• Amplifier palette

• Output directional coupler

These assemblies are interconnected as per “FMA501 wiring diagram”.

Please refer to fig 6.1 for the physical location of each sub-assembly.

The power supply provides a nominal 50V DC for the RF transistors.

The control board contains all metering and protection functions.

The amplifier palette contains most RF functions.

The output directional coupler allows accurate metering of forward and reflected power.

6.2 Power Supply and Metering board

The power supply is an OEM unit, manufactured by Meanwell, p/n RFP-1500-48. Full
specifications can be found at www.meanwell.com.

Apart from the mains input and DC output, the control connector is used to switch the unit off
and on and to reduce the output voltage whilst PSU cut is enabled.

Energising the diode between pins 1 and 2 of CN2 switches the PSU off. A variable
resistance between pins 3 and 4 allows the output voltage to be reduced.

6.3 Control Board

The control board is responsible for all measurement and protection functions. Refer to the
appropriate schematic.

The heart of the controller board is U1, a micro-controller unit. This performs the following
functions:

The analogue voltages representing the forward and reverse powers are digitised on pins 40
and 39. These values are then squared internally to allow the forward and reflected power to
be read on the front panel and via telemetry.

Due to the limited number of pins, all other analogue voltages to be read (input power,
amplifier currents, amplifier temperatures and DC supply voltage) are routed through an
external MUX (U6) into pin 38. Thus allowing these parameters to be measured.

Pin 36 provides a digital signal that is used to assert the PSU cut function. This is done by
energising RL1, via Q1. VR16 sets the actual voltage in the PSU cut state.

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The signals from the rotary encoder are filtered and then passed to pins 33, 34 and 35.

Pins 22 and 23 provide an I²C bus which allows communication with the real time clock (U3)
and the flash memory (U5).

The LCD is controlled by the signals on pins 24, 26 and 27, as well as the data on pins
1,37,3,4,5,6,7 and 8.

The crystal connected to pins 28 and 29 provides an internal 1Hz clock for U1.

The two error conditions HIGH O/P and HIGH SWR are monitored on pins 20 and 21. These
signals are derived from the comparators U10 and U11. These devices monitor the forward
and reflected power control loops formed by U9B and U9C. If the output of U9B drops to less
than about 10V, this indicates that an over O/P power condition exists. Likewise U9C and a
high SWR condition.

U9B and U9C constantly compare the actual forward and reflected power with thresholds set
by VR3 and VR6 respectively. VR3 is set to the equivalent of about 550W of forward power.
VR6 is set to the equivalent of about 50W of reflected power. Either U9B or U9C can reduce
the bias voltage to the amplifier, thus reducing the output power. In this way, elegant and
seamless power and SWR protection are provided.

The forward and reflected RF voltages from the directional coupler are accurately converted
to DC levels by U7 and U8. U9A and U9D are used to scale these voltages so that 1000W
passing through the directional coupler provides 5.0V to the MCU.

Small value resistors in the supply lines of the MOSFETs on the amplifier palette generate
voltages proportional to the drain currents. These voltages are amplified and level shifted by
U12, Q2 and Q3. VR11 and VR12 are adjusted so that 20.48A of drain current produce 5.0V
into the MCU.

Gate bias for the MOSFETs is set by VR14 and VR15.

The AC line voltage is monitored by measuring the frequency of the relaxation oscillator
formed by R12, 14 and 15, C39 and D11. These pulses are passed via the optocoupler U13
into the MCU. As D4, C38 and R12,14 and 15 form a reasonable approximation to a constant
current source whose value is proportional to the peak AC voltage, the frequency of these
pulses is a reasonably accurate representation of the AC voltage.

Telemetry is provided by the on chip USART in the MCU, with U2 providing level shifting to
RS232 levels.

+15V for this board is provided by the small SMPSU, U16. U14 provides +5V from this for the
digital circuitry and U15 generates a nominal -9V for the analogue circuitry.

6.4 Amplifier palette

The amplifier palette performs the actual RF amplification. Please refer to the appropriate
schematic.

In brief, the RF is split into two paths, each consisting of a 250W class B amplifier (amplifier A
and amplifier B). The outputs from these amplifiers are combined and filtered to provide an
overall output power of 500W. A more detailed description follows:

RF enters the palette on J1 and passes through directional coupler U1. This provides a small
sample of the input power across R17 and R18. This is rectified by D1 which thus provides a

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DC voltage proportional to the square root of the input power. This voltage is used by the
control board for measuring the input power.

Returning to the main RF path. The input power is split into two equal parts by the action of
T14, T15 and R20. This is a Wilkinson splitter of classic design.

Amplifier A and amplifier B are identical, so only amplifier A will be described. T12 forms a
balun so the right hand end has two voltages 180° out of phase with each other. The
impedance is stepped down to approximately 6Ω by the transmission line transformer formed
by T3 and T4. This is to provide a reasonable match into the gate impedance of Q1. R22-25
and C55,56 ensure stability when driving high Q loads such as cavity filters.

The drain load is transformed back up to 50Ω by the transmission line transformer formed by
T1 and T2. The balun formed by T9 generates a ground referenced signal once more.

This is then passed into the Wilkinson combiner formed by T16, T17 and R21.

The signal at T10 is thus a nominal 500W, unfiltered.

JP1 and JP2 are high current links which enable tuning of the output filter in isolation. JP2 is
only fitted during factory testing. JP1 is the only link fitted after production testing.

The filter formed by C38-53 and L3-7 ensures that all spurious and harmonic components are
adequately attenuated. This is a 9 pole Chebyshev filter with a minimum stop band
attenuation of 40dB at 175MHz and 60dB at 262.5MHz. Stop band attenuation is better than
60dB at frequencies up to 1GHz.

The filtered RF leaves the palette on J3.

Temperature measurement is provided by the two LM35 temperature sensors mounted near
each transistor. These return the temperature of the copper heat spreader.

6.5 Output directional coupler

The output directional coupler takes the high power RF from the amplifier palette and passes
it to the rear panel. A small sample of the forward and reflected voltages are provide, at
about 30dB down on the main line power.

These voltages are passed to the control board to allow forward and reflected power to be
measured and to ensure the correct operation of the protection functions.

The directional coupler is manufactured using stripline techniques and should not be
disassembled.

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7 Trouble shooting

7.1 Diagnostics

Due to the extensive metering provided by the FMA501, diagnosing a failure becomes much
simpler.

Failure of the amplifier will generally result in a full or partial loss of output power. Careful
interpretation of the various parameters will generally indicate the likely cause of the problem.

For example, in the case of total loss of output power, the following routine should be used:

Does the LCD light and allow parameters to be measured? If not then suspect the control
board. Look for the presence of +15V, +5V and -9V power supply voltages.

Does the amplifier DC voltage read correctly. If not, suspect the main PSU.

Is there any RF input power shown as present? If not then the problem lies external to the
amplifier.

Do the amplifier A and amplifier B currents measure as normal? If not then suspect Q1 or Q2
on the amplifier palette.

Partial RF failure should be investigated in a similar manner, paying particular attention to
input power and the relative values of the amplifier DC currents. As a guide, these two
currents should be within 20% of each other. If not, suspect the transistor with the lower
current.

7.2 Disassembly

Commence by removing the IEC plug and all other external connections to the FMA501. This
is to ensure the safety of those undertaking the disassembly.

Remove the screws holding the upper lid and remove lid.

Remove all connections between the amplifier palette and the control board.

Remove the three cables between the amplifier palette and the output directional coupler.

Disconnect the red and black wires from the amplifier palette by pulling off the QC
connectors.

Disconnect the BNC plug on the input RF connector connected to the palette.

Turn the amplifier over and remove all the screws holding the lower lid.

Gently lift the lid, bringing the amplifier palette with it.

If needed, remove the 6 screws holding the amplifier palette to the lower lid.

To remove the control board, remove the two screws holding the protective cover in place.

Disconnect all connectors to the control board.

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Remove the 10 screws holding the board to the PSU and gently lift out.

To remove the PSU, commence by turning the amplifier rear panel frontward and removing
the remaining screws holding the rear panel in place.

Gently pull the rear panel away to expose the mains wiring.

Undo the earth stud to free up the various earth wires.

Pull the blue wire off of the IEC socket and the brown wire which goes to the power supply off
of the circuit breaker.

The rear panel should now be free.

Remove the PSU from the side panel by removing the four screws holding it in place.

The PSU should now be free.

All the sub-assemblies should now be free of the chassis. Further disassembly should be self
evident.

 2007 SRK Electronics Pty Ltd

23

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A

N

MAINS IN

IEC MALE

BR

BL

10A

FAN FAN

1
2

J11

MTA156-2

1
2
3
4

J5

MTA100-4

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

CN2

DF11-8

12345

6

J9
MTA100-6

12345

6

J8
MTA100-6

192103114125136147158

DB15

192103114125136147158

DB15

12345

6

J4
MTA100-6

12345

6

J5
MTA100-6

1
6
2
7
3
8
4
9
5

TELEMETRY

123

J1
MTA100-3

1
2

J4

MTA100-2

14WAY IDC

1
2
3
4
5

ROTARY ENCODER

1
2
3
4
5

J12

MTA100-5

N TYPE

RF OUT

N TYPE N TYPE

RG303

BNC

RG58

N TYPE

RF IN

CABLE COLOUR DESIGNATION

BK BLACK
BR BROWN
R RED
O ORANGE
Y YELLOW
GN GREEN
BL BLUE
V VIOLET
GY GREY
W WHITE
P PINK
BK/R BLACK/RED
GN/Y GREEN/YELLOW

R

BK

QC

QC

AMPLIFIER PALETTE

DIRECTIONAL COUPLER

SMB

RG316

SMB

RG316

SMB

SMB

FWD REV

POWER SUPPLY

CONTROL BOARD

LCD

BKRK

A

J10

J13

V+ V-

N

E

L

BKBKBK

BK

GN/Y

GN/Y

GN/Y

GN/Y

BR

GN

W

Y

BR

BL

BR
R
O
Y

BR
R
O
Y
GN

BK

BR

R

O

Y

GN

BL

V

GYWP

BK/R

FMA501 WIRING DIAGRAM

J1

J3

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PA0

40

PA1

39

PA2

38

PA3

37

PA4

36

PA5

35

PA6

34

PA7

33

XTAL2

12

XTAL1

13

RESET

9

AREF

32

PB0

1

PB1

2

PB2

3

PB3

4

PB4

5

PB5

6

PB6

7

PB7

8

PC0

22

PC1

23

PC2

24

PC3

25

PC4

26

PC5

27

PC6

28

PC7

29

PD0

14

PD1

15

PD2

16

PD3

17

PD4

18

PD5

19

PD6

20

PD7

21

+5

10

A+5

30

GND11AGND

31

U1

ATMEGA16(40)

X1

7.3728 MHz

C1

22p

C2

22p

VCC

VCC

C3

100n

C4
100n

FWD VOLTS
REV VOLTS

RXD
TXD

LCD 0

LCD 1

LCD 3
LCD 4
LCD 5
LCD 6
LCD 7

HIGH SWR

R1
10R

LCD 2

HIGH O/P

LCD R/S
LCD R/W

LCD E

VCC

VCC

LCD R/S
LCD R/W LCD E
LCD 0 LCD 1
LCD 2 LCD 3
LCD 4 LCD 5
LCD 6 LCD 7

DA2DY

7

VCC+

8

VCC-

1

GND

4

RA

5

RESP

6

RY

3

U2

SN75155

+15V-9V

C5

100n

C6

100n

Z1

DSS9

Z2

DSS9

Z3

DSS9

RXD

TXD

A

B

PB

VCC

C7

33nF

C8

33nF

C9
33nF

1 2

R4A

10K

3 4

R4B
10K

5 6

R4C

10K

987654321

R5
10K

RESET

RESET

1
2
3

J1

RS232

PB
A
B

C14
10uF

C15
10uF

C16
10uF

-9V

+15V

C23

100nF

VCC

C17
10uF

R6
10K

1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10

J2
SPI

SCL
SDA

LCD 5

VCC

X11X2

2

VBAT

3

GND

4

SDA

5

SCL6SQW/OUT

7

VCC

8

U3

DS1307(8)

VCC

U4
BATTERY

XTAL1

32KHz

VCC

8

GND

4

A0

1

A1

2

A2

3

WP

7

SCL

6

SDA

5

U5

24LC512

VCC

MUX

SCL
SDA

SDA

SDA

SCL

SCL

12
34
56
78

910
1112
1314

J3

LCD

1
2

J4

LED

+15V

R7
150R/1W

FAN ON

RL1

WJ102-1C-12

NC

NO

+15V

D1

1N4148

Q1
BC547

R9

10K

PSU CUT

X0

13

X1

14

X2

15

X3

12

X4

1

X5

5

X6

2

X7

4

INH

6

A

11

B

10

C

9

VEE

7

X

3

VCC

16

GND

8

U6

4051

MUX

MUXA
MUXB
MUXC

MUXA
MUXB
MUXC

VPOS

1

IREF

2

RF IN

3

PWDN

4

COMM

5

FLTR

6

VRMS

7

SREF

8

U7

AD8361

C10

1nF
J6
FWD

C28

1nF
R17
62R

Z4

DSS9

Z6

DSS9

3

2

1

411

U9A

TL074

5

6

7

U9B

TL074

VR1
10K

R22
4K7

-9V

+15V

R27

100K

R28

100K

C24

100nF

C11

10nF

+15V

VR3

10K

VPOS

1

IREF

2

RF IN

3

PWDN

4

COMM

5

FLTR

6

VRMS

7

SREF

8

U8

AD8361

C12

1nF
J7
REV

C29

1nF
R18
62R

Z7

DSS9

12

13

14

U9D

TL074

10

9

8

U9C

TL074

VR4
10K

R24
4K7

R29

100K

R30

100K

C25

100nF

C13

10nF

+15V

VR6

10K

FWD VOLTS

REV VOLTS

2

3

7

6

5184

U10

LM311

2

3

7

6

5184

U11

LM311

-9V

-9V

+15V

+15V

R32
4K7

R10
10K

+15V

HIGH SWR

HIGH O/P

HIGH O/P
HIGH SWR

1
2
3
4
5
6

J8

Amp A

Z8

DSS9

Z9

DSS9

Z10

DSS9

Z11

DSS9

Z12

DSS9

VCC

TEMP A

VR7

10K

BIAS CUT

IP VOLTS

R33
1K

VR11
47K

D2
12V

Q2

2N5401

R25
4K7

R34
1K

R11

430R

C18
10uF

C26

100nF

+V

R13
10K

TEMP A

AMP A CURR

AMP A CURR

R35
1K

VR12
47K

Q3

2N5401

R26
4K7

R36
1K

+V

R16

10K

AMP B CURR

1
2
3
4
5
6

J9

Amp B

Z13

DSS9

Z14

DSS9

Z15

DSS9

Z16

DSS9

Z17

DSS9

VCC

TEMP B

Z18

DSS9

+V

TEMP B
AMP B CURR
AMP VOLTS

VR10

10K

R31
100K

+V

AMP VOLTS

R2

10R

VCC

VCC

R3

10R

VCC

Vin

1

GND

2

+5V

3

U14
MC7805

C30
330nF

VCC

Z19

DSS9

Z20

DSS9

1
2

J11

240VAC

IP VOLTS

VR14
10K

VR15
10K

D5 1N4148

D6

1N4148

D7

1N4148

D8

1N4148

R381KR391KR8

10K

R37
10K

+15V

D9 1N4148

D10

1N4148

U17

4N23

-9V

VCC

R40
220R

BIAS CUT

Z23

DSS9

R4139R

R42

39R

R45
13R

R43

39R

R44

39R

R46
13R

-18dB

-18dB

12345

J12

ENCODER

C21

10nF

C22
10nF

Z24

DSS9

XTAL2

32KHz

+15V

TEST

1

CAP+

2

GND

3

CAP-4VOUT

5

LV

6

OSC

7

V+

8

U15
7660

C31
10uF

C32
10uF

+15V

-9V

+15V

V+

V- AC N

AC L

U16

OFM-0100

VR16

10K

PSU CUT

RL2

+15V

D12

1N4148

Q4
BC547

R47

10K

FAN ON

Z5

DSS9

Z25

DSS9

+15V

1
2
3
4

J5

PSU CONTROL

1
2

J10

FAN

1
2

J13

FAN

C33

4.7pF

C34

4.7pF

C35

15-60pF

C36

15-60pF

R20
2K2

+15V

Q6

BC547

VCC

3

2

1

84

U12A

LMC6462

5

6

7

U12B

LMC6462

D3

1N4148

C19

100pF

D13
1N4148

C27
100pF

VAC

C20
33pF

C37
33pF

D4

GP02-40

C38

3.3uF/450V

R12
510K

R14

510K

R15
RS 198-961

C39

33nF MKC

U13

CNY17-1

D11
DB3

R19

47R

VAC

R21

220R

D14

9V1

FMA501 CONTROL BOARD

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R1
75R

C1
1uF

C2
1uF

LM35

+5V

Q1B

MRF151G

Q1B
MRF151G

T1

RG316

T2

RG316

T9

141 HARDLINE

T3 RG316

T4 RG316

T12

86 HARDLINE

C5

470pF ATC100B

C6

470pF ATC100B

C16

68pF

R3
10K

R7
10R

C7
1nF

R8
10R

R4
10K

C8
1nF

C18

470pF

C19

470pF

C9
1nF

FB1

VK200

C20

470pF

R11

15R/1W

C30

100nF/100V

C34
10uF/100V

C22

470pF

C23

470pF

C36

15pF

+50V

R13

10mR

R2
75R

C3
1uF

C4
1uF

LM35

+5V

L1

45nH

T14

RG179

T15

RG179

IN

FWD REV

OUT

U1
11302-20

J1
RF IN

R15

100R

R16

100R

R17

100R
R18

100R

R19

100K

D1

5082-2800

C10

1nF

R20
RFP-10--100

T16

RG302

T17

RG302

R21

RFP250-100

T10

141 HARDLINE

1

2

JP1

1

2

JP2

J2

BNC

L3

L4

L5

L6

L7

J3

RF OUT

C38

22pF

C39

22pF

C42

36pF

C43

36pF

C44

36pF

C45

36pF

C50

39pF

C51

39pF

C52

39pF

C53

39pF

C46

36pF

C47

36pF

C48

36pF

C49

36pF

C40

22pF

C41

22pF

L8

5uH

C54

4.7nF

C31

100nF/100V

D2

61V/5W

R22

RFP-10-100

R23

RFP-10-100

R24

RFP-10-100

R25

RFP-10-100

C55

4.7nF

C56

4.7nF

Q2A

MRF151G

Q2B
MRF151G

T5

RG316

T6

RG316

T11

141 HARDLINE

T7 RG316

T8 RG316

T13

86 HARDLINE

C11

470pF ATC100B

C12

470pF ATC100B

C17

68pF

R5
10K

R9
10R

C13
1nF

R10
10R

R6
10K

C14
1nF

C24

470pF

C25

470pF

C15
1nF

FB2

VK200

C26

470pF

R12

15R/1W

C32

100nF/100V

C35
10uF/100V

C28

470pF

C29

470pF

C37

15pF

+50V

BIAS

R14

10mR

L2

45nH

L9

5uH

C57

4.7nF

C33

100nF/100V

D3

61V/5W

R26

RFP-10-100

R27

RFP-10-100

R28

RFP-10-100

R29

RFP-10-100

C58

4.7nF

C59

4.7nF

1
2
3
4
5
6

J4

1

2

3

4

5

6

J5

+5V

I/P POWER

I/P POWER

+50V

+5V

FMA501 AMPLIFIER PALETTE

R30
10R/1W

R31

10R/1W

R32
10R/1W

R33

10R/1W

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

I PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

Trade Name: Beryllia Ceramic Chemical Family: Beryllium Compound
Synonym: Beryllium Oxide, Beryllia, Thermalox, Super Beryllia

II HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS

Constituents OSHA(1995)* ACGIH(1994-95)* CAS # NIOSH/ RTECS #

Beryllium PEL: 0.002 TLV: 0.002 7440-41-7 (Be) DS1750000

Ceiling: 0.005 TLV-STEL: NA 1304-56-8 (BeO) DS4025000
Peak: 0.025

*All concentrations are in mg/m3 (at the concentrations noted above, this constituent may not be visible to the human eye).

ESPI recommends the following good industrial hygiene practice which includes reducing airborne exposures to the lowest
feasible level for all constituents in this product. A leading scientific body recommending occupational standards is the American
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). The ACGIH recommends standards for all listed substances. The
ACGIH defines a threshold limit value (standards) as follows: “Threshold Limit Values refer to airborne concentrations of substances
and represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse
health effects.”

Because of wide variation in individual susceptibility, however, a small percentage of workers may experience discomfort
from some substances at concentrations at or below the threshold limit; a smaller percentage may be affected more seriously by
aggravation of a pre-existing condition or by development of an occupational illness. “Individuals may also be hyper-susceptible or
otherwise unusually responsive to some industrial chemicals because of genetic factors, age, personal habits (smoking, alcohol, or
other drugs), medication, or previous exposures. Such workers may not be adequately protected from adverse health effects from
certain chemicals at concentrations at or below the threshold limits.”

III PHYSICAL DATA

Boiling Point: N/A Sublimes At: N/A
Evaporation Rate: N/A Vapor Density (Air=1): N/A
Freezing Point: N/A Vapor Pressure (mm Hg): N/A
Odor: None % Volatile By Volume: None
pH: N/A Color: White
Physical State: Solid Melting Point (oF): 2547 (BeO)
Radioactivity: N/A Molecular Weight: 25.01 (BeO)
Solubility: None Density (g/cc): 2.86 (BeO)

IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS DATA

Flash Point: N/A Explosive Limits: N/A
Extinguishing Media: N/A

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: N/A
Special Fire Fighting Procedures: If this material becomes airborne as a respirable particulate during a fire situation, pressure-

demand self-contained breathing apparatus must be worn by firefighters or any other persons potentially exposed.

V HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION

Emergency Overview: If this material is involved in a fire, pressure-demand self-contained breathing apparatus and protective

clothing must be worn by persons potentially exposed to the metal fumes or airborne particulate.

Primary Routes of Exposure:
Inhalation: An exposure to airborne beryllium in excess of the occupational standard can occur when sintering, machining, grinding,

sanding, abrasive cutting, polishing, laser scribing and trimming, chemical etching, crushing, or otherwise abrading the surface of this
material in a manner which generates finely divided particles.

Volatile beryllium hydroxide can be formed when firing solid BeO parts at temperature greater than 900 oC in a moist
atmosphere such as in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace.

Machining operations conducted under a flood of liquid coolant usually require complete hooded containment and local
exhaust ventilation. Openings into the hood must be baffled to prevent release of fast moving particles. The cycling through a
machine of liquid lubricant/coolant containing finely divided beryllium in suspension can result in the concentration building to a
point where the particulate may become airborne during use. The coolant reservoir should be enclosed and ventilated. A coolant
filtering system is recommended.

The Potential for Exposure Also May Occur During Repair or Maintenance Activities on Contaminated Equipment Such as:
furnace rebuilding, maintenance or repair of air cleaning equipment, structural renovation, etc.

Ingestion: There are no known cases of illness resulting from ingestion of this material. Ingestion can occur from hand, clothing,
food, and drink contact with metal dust, fume or powder during hand to mouth activities such as eating, drinking, smoking, nail
biting, etc. This product is not intended for internal consumption. As a standard hygiene practice, hands should be washed before
eating or smoking.

Skin: Skin abrasion may cause irritation. Imbedded material may lead to localized granuloma. The beryllium in this material is in an
insoluble form and does not pose a potential for an allergic dermal response.

Eyes: Injury can result form particulate irritation or mechanical injury to the eyes by dust or particulate. Exposure may result from
direct contact with airborne particulate (chips, dust, or powder) or contact to the eye if contaminated hands or clothing.

Effects of Overexposure:

Acute: (immediate or near-term health effects): The beryllium fraction of this product is insoluble and does not cause acute beryl-

lium disease. The beryllium in this product does not pose a potential for allergic dermal response.

Chronic: (long-term health effects): Inhaling dust fumes containing beryllium may cause serious, chronic lung disease called
Chronic Beryllium Disease (CBD) in some individuals. Over time lung disease can be fatal. Symptoms may include cough, chest
pain, shortness of breath, weight loss, weakness, and fatigue. Long-term effects may include loss of lung function, fibrosis, or
subsequent secondary effects on the heart with eventual permanent impairment. Chronic beryllium disease is a hypersensitivity of
allergic condition in which tissues of the lungs become inflamed with a cellular nodular reaction. This inflammation, sometimes with
accompanying fibrosis, may restrict the exchange of oxygen between the lungs and the bloodstream. This allergic response to
beryllium is limited to susceptible studies and animal experimentation, the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the
National Toxicology Program lists beryllium as a carcinogen.

Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: Persons with impaired pulmonary function, airway diseases, or condi­tions such as asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, etc. may incur further impairment if dust of fume are inhaled. If prior damage
or disease to the neurological (nervous), circulatory, hematologic (blood), or urinary (kidney) systems has occurred, proper screening
or examinations should be conducted on individuals who may be exposed to further risk where handling and use of this material may
cause exposure.

EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PRODCEDURES:

INHALATION: Breathing difficulty cause by inhalation of dust or fume requires immediate removal to fresh air. There are no

known cases in which a person stopped breathing as a result of exposure. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration and
obtain medical help.

INGESTION: Swallowing beryllium oxide dust can be treated by having the affected person drink large quantities of water and
attempting to induce vomiting, if conscious. Obtain medical help.
SKIN: Skin cuts and abrasions should be treated by standard first aid. Skin contamination can be removed by washing with soap and
water. Obtain medical help if irritation persists. Accidental implementation of this material beneath the skin requires it be removed to
prevent infection or development of a corn-like lesion.
EYES: Dust should be flushed from the eyes with a lot of clean water. Obtain medical help if irritation persists. Contact lenses
should not be worn when working with metal dusts and powders because the contact lens must be removed to provide adequate
treatment.

Treatment of Chronic Beryllium Disease: There is not known treatment which will cure chronic beryllium disease. Prednisone or
the corticosteroids are the most specific treatment available. They are directed at suppressing the immunological reaction and have
been effective in diminishing many signs and symptoms of chronic beryllium disease. In cases where steroid therapy has had only a
partial or minimal effectiveness, other immuno-suppressive agents, such as cyclophospharnide, cyclosporine, or methotrexate, have
been used. These latter agents remain investigational. Further, in view of the potential side effects of all the immuno-suppressive
medications, including steroids such as prednisone, they should be used only under the direct care of a physician. In general, these
medications should be reserved for cases with significant symptoms and/or significant loss of lung function. Other symptomatic
treatment, such as oxygen, inhaled steroids or bronchodilatores, may be used by some physicians and
are effective in selected cases.

The decision about when and with what medication to treat is judgement situation for individual physicians. For the most
part, treatment is reserved for those persons with symptoms and measurable loss of lung function. The value of starting oral steroid
treatment, before signs or symptoms are evident, remains a medically unresolved issue currently under study. Some physicians are
concerned that their patients may develop a resistance to medication if it is started too soon.

The effects of continued low exposure to beryllium are unknown for individuals who are sensitized to beryllium or who have
diagnosis of chronic beryllium disease. This uncertainty leads some physicians to advise a reduction or elimination of further
exposure to beryllium. However, some individuals have developed CBD or have gradually become worse after removal from further
exposure. Others have continued to work in the beryllium industry without any additional, or accelerated, loss of lung function.

VI REACTIVITY DATA

General Reactivity: This material is stable
Incompatibility (Materials to avoid): NA

Hazardous Decomposition Products: None under normal conditions of use
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur
Ecological Information: This material is insoluble in water. This material can be recycled.

VII SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES

Steps to be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled: In solid form this material poses no health or environmental risk. If this

material is in powder or dust form, establish a restricted entry zone based on the severity of the spill. Persons entering the restricted
zone must wear adequate respiratory protection and protective clothing appropriate for the severity of the spill. Cleanup should be
conducted with a vacuum system utilizing a high efficiency particulate air filtration system followed by wet cleaning methods.
Special care must be taken when changing filters on HEPA vacuum cleaners when used to clean up potentially toxic materials.
Caution should be taken to minimize airborne generation of powder or dust and avoid contamination of air and water. Depending
upon the quantity of material released, fine powder or dust spills to the environment may require reporting the National Response
Center at [phone] as well as the State Emergency Response Commission and Local Emergency Planning Committee.

Handling and Storage: Wear gloves when handling to prevent cuts and skin abrasions. Store in a dry area.

Ventilation and Engineering Controls: Whenever possible, the use of local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls is the

preferred method of controlling exposure to airborne dust and fume. Where utilized, pickups on flexible ventilation lines should be
positioned as close to the source of airborne contamination as possible. Disruption of the airflow in the area of a local exhaust inlet,
such as by a man cooling fan, should be avoided. Ventilation equipment should be checked regularly to ensure it is functioning
properly. Ventilation training is recommended for all users. Ventilation systems designed and installed by qualified professionals.

Respiratory Protection: When potential exposures are above the occupational limits shown in this MSDS, approved respirators must
be used as specified by an Industrial Hygienist of other qualified professional. Respirator users must be medically evaluated to
determine if they are physically capable of wearing a respirator. Quantitative an/or qualitative fit testing and respirator training must
be satisfactorily completed by all personnel prior to respirator use. Users of any style respirator training must be clean shaven on
those areas of the face where the respirator seal contacts the face. Exposure to unknown concentrations of fumes or dusts requires the
wearing of a pressure-demand airline respirator or pressure-demand self-contained breathing apparatus. Pressure-demand airline
respirators are recommended when performing jobs with high potential exposures such as changing filters in a bag house air cleaning
device.

Housekeeping: Vacuum and wet cleaning methods are recommended for dust removal. Be certain to de-energize electrical systems,
as necessary, before beginning wet cleaning. Vacuum cleaners with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters are the recom­mended type. The use of compressed air or brooms to remove dusts should be avoided as such an activity can result in unnecessary
short-term elevated exposures to airborne dusts.

Maintenance: During repair or maintenance activities the potential exists for exposures in excess of the occupational standard.
Under these circumstances, protecting workers can require the use of specific work practices or procedures involving the combined
use of ventilation, wet methods, respiratory protection, decontamination, special protection clothing, and when necessary, restricted
work zones.

Other Protective Equipment: No special protective equipment or clothing is requires when handling solid forms. Protective over
garments or work clothing must be worn by persons who may become contaminated with dusts, fumes, or powders during activities
such as machining, furnace rebuilding, air cleaning equipment filter changes, maintenance, etc. Contaminated work clothing and over
garments must be managed in such a manner so as to prevent secondary exposure to persons such as laundry operators and to prevent
contamination to personal clothing. Never use compressed air to clean work clothing.

Protective Gloves: Wear gloves to prevent cuts and skin abrasions during handling.
Eye Protection: Wear safety glasses, goggles, or face shield when risk of eye injury is present, particularly during machining,

grinding, etc.

Recommended Monitoring Procedures:

Environmental Surveillance: Exposure to airborne materials should be determined by having air samples taken in the employee

breathing zone, work area, and department. The frequency and type of air sampling should be as specified by an Industrial Hygienist
or other qualified professional. Air sample results should be make available to employees.

Medical Surveillance: Persons exposed to airborne concentrations of this material should be included in a periodic medical surveil­lance program. The program should include examination of the skin and respiratory systems. Non-specific findings of skin rash, skin
granulomata, or respiratory signs or symptoms may indicate a reaction to this material. A minimum medical surveillance program
should include (1) skin examination, (2) respiratory history, (3) auscultation of the lungs, (4) spirometry (FVC and FEV), and (5)
periodic chest x-ray. In addition, a specialized, specific, immunological blood test, the beryllium blood lymphocyte proliferation test
(BLPT), is available ( on a limited basis to assist in the diagnosis) to screen beryllium-exposed persons for beryllium reactions. Note:
It should be recognized that BLPT has limited sensitivity for chronic beryllium disease. Individuals who have an abnormal BLPT are
normally referred to a lung specialist for additional specific tests to determine if chronic beryllium disease is present.

VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION

Transport Information: There are nor U.S. Department of Transportation hazardous material regulations which apply to the

packaging and labeling of this product as shipped by ESPI. Hazard Communication regulations of the U.S. Occupational Safety and
Health Administration require that this material be labeled.

Regulatory Information: OSHA Hazard Communications Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200: Beryllium is considered a hazardous
ingredient.
Ambient Air Emissions: Beryllium-containing materials are subject to the National Emission Standard for Beryllium as promulgated
by EPA (40 CFR 61, Subpart (C). The National Emission Standard for beryllium is 0.01 micrograms per cubic meter (30 day
average) in ambient air for those production facilities which have been qualified to be regulated through ambient air monitoring.
Other facilities must meet a 10 gram per 24-hour total site emission limit. Most process air emission sources will require an air permit
from a local and/or state air pollution control agency. The use of air cleaning equipment may be necessary to achieve a permissible
emission. Tempered makeup air should be provided to prevent excessive negative pressure in a building. Direct recycling of cleaned
process exhaust air is not recommended. Plant exhausts should be located so as not to re-enter the plant through makeup air or other
inlets. Regular maintenance and inspection of air cleaning equipment and monitoring of operating parameters is recommended to
ensure adequate efficiency is maintained.

Wastewater: Wastewater regulations can vary considerably. Contact your local and state governments to determine their require­ments.

Toxic Substances Control Act: Beryllium is listed on the TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances.

Sara Title III Reporting Requirements: On February 16, 1988 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a final rule

that implements the requirements of the Superfund Amendments and Re-authorization Act (SARA) Title III, Section 313 (53) Federal
Register 4525. Title III is the portion of SARA concerning reporting on specific chemicals which are manufactured, processed or
used at certain U.S. Industrial facilities.

Beryllium is reportable under Section 313. The Chemical Abstracts Services number is provided in this MSDS. SARA Title Hotline
1-800-535-0202 or 202-555-1411

This MSDS has been revised following the guidelines outlined in the American National Standard for Hazardous Chemicals Z400.1­1993 “Material Safety Data Sheets-Preparation.”

IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS

Disposal Considerations:

Byproduct Recycling: When recycled (used in a process to recover metals), this material is not classified as hazardous waste under

federal law. Dusty or dust-like materials should be sealed inside two plastic bags, placed in a DOT approved container, and appropri­ately labeled.

Solid Waste Management: When spent products are declared solid wastes (no longer recyclable), they must be labeled, managed
and disposed of, in accordance with federal, state and local requirements. This material is not classified a hazardous waste under
federal law.

Prepared by: S. Dierks
Dated: January 1996