Spire RH20 User Manual

REGAL Series

User’s Manual

RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

UMRH20-830-01C

Revised October 10, 2012

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 1 -

WARNING!

(1) The RH20 flowmeter is not certified for use in hazardous environments. The

local site safety codes and regulations must be observed.

(2) The RH20 flowmeter contains three AAA Ni-HM rechargeable batteries. Please

charge them fully before using the flowmeter. The batteries must be recycled or

disposed of properly.

- 2 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Contents

RH20 Quick Start Guide ................................................................................................................... 1

1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 4

§1.1 Preface .................................................................................................................................. 4

§1.2 Features ................................................................................................................................. 4

§1.3 Principle of Measurement .................................................................................................... 5

§1.4 Parts Identification ............................................................................................................... 6

§1.5 Typical Applications ............................................................................................................. 8

§1.6 Data Integrity and Built-in Time-Keeper ............................................................................. 8

§1.7 Product Identification ........................................................................................................... 8

§1.8 Specifications ....................................................................................................................... 8

2. Measurement ................................................................................................................................ 10

§2.1 Built-in Battery ................................................................................................................... 10

§2.2 Power On ............................................................................................................................ 10

§2.3 Keypad ................................................................................................................................ 11

§2.4 Menu Windows ................................................................................................................... 11

§2.5 Menu Window List ............................................................................................................. 12

§2.6 Steps to Configure the Parameters ..................................................................................... 13

§2.7 Transducers Mounting Allocation ...................................................................................... 14

§2.8 Transducers Installation ...................................................................................................... 16

§2.8.1 Transducer Spacing ................................................................................................. 16

§2.8.2 V-method Installation .............................................................................................. 16

§2.8.3 Z-method Installation .............................................................................................. 17

§2.8.4 W-method Installation ............................................................................................. 17

§2.8.5 N-method Installation .............................................................................................. 18

§2.9 Installation Checkup ........................................................................................................... 18

§2.9.1 Signal Strength ........................................................................................................ 18

§2.9.2 Signal Quality .......................................................................................................... 18

§2.9.3 Total Transit Time and Delta Time .......................................................................... 19

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 3 -

§2.9.4 Transit Time Ratio ................................................................................................... 19

3. How To ........................................................................................................................................... 20

§3.1 How to check if the instrument works properly ................................................................. 20

§3.2 How to check the liquid flowing direction ......................................................................... 20

§3.3 How to change units systems ............................................................................................. 20

§3.4 How to select a flow rate unit............................................................................................. 20

§3.5 How to use the totalizer multiplier ..................................................................................... 20

§3.6 How to turn on and off the totalizers.................................................................................. 20

§3.7 How to reset the totalizers .................................................................................................. 20

§3.8 How to restore the factory default setups ........................................................................... 21

§3.9 How to use the damper to stabilize the flow rate ............................................................... 21

§3.10 How to use the zero-cutoff function ................................................................................. 21

§3.11 How to setup a zero point ................................................................................................. 21

§3.12 How to change the flow rate scale factor ......................................................................... 21

§3.13 How to use the password locker ....................................................................................... 21

§3.14 How to use the built-in data logger .................................................................................. 22

§3.15 How to use the Frequency Output .................................................................................... 22

§3.16 How to use the Totalizer Pulse Output ............................................................................. 22

§3.17 How to produce an alarm signal ....................................................................................... 23

§3.18 How to use the built-in Buzzer ......................................................................................... 23

§3.19 How to use the OCT output .............................................................................................. 23

§3.20 How to modify the built-in calendar ................................................................................ 23

§3.21 How to adjust the LCD contrast ....................................................................................... 24

§3.22 How to use the RS232 serial interface ............................................................................. 24

§3.23 How to view the Totalizers ............................................................................................... 24

§3.24 How to use the Working Timer ........................................................................................ 24

§3.25 How to use the manual totalizer ....................................................................................... 24

§3.26 How to check the ESN ..................................................................................................... 24

§3.27 How to check the battery life ........................................................................................... 24

- 4 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

§3.28 How to charge the built-in battery.................................................................................... 24

§3.29 How to calibrate the flowmeter ........................................................................................ 24

4. Menu Window Details .................................................................................................................. 25

. ............................................................................................................................................................... 

5.Troubleshooting ............................................................................................................................. 30

§5.1 Power-on Errors .................................................................................................................. 30

§5.2 Working Status Errors ........................................................................................................ 30

§5.3 Other Problems and Solutions ............................................................................................ 31

6. Serial Communication ................................................................................................................. 33

§6.1 General ............................................................................................................................... 33

§6.2 Connect the Flowmeter to a PC ......................................................................................... 33

§6.3 Check the Flowmeter COM Port Settings .......................................................................... 33

§6.4 Set up PC Software............................................................................................................. 33

§6.5Communication Protocol ..................................................................................................... 34

§6.6 Protocol Prefix Usage ......................................................................................................... 35

§6.7The M command and the ASCII Codes .............................................................................. 36

7. Warr anty and Service .................................................................................................................. 37

§7.1 Warranty ............................................................................................................................. 37

§7.2 Service ................................................................................................................................ 37

§7.3 Software Upgrade Service .................................................................................................. 38

8. Appendix ........................................................................................................................................ 39

§8.1 Battery Maintenance and Replacement .............................................................................. 39

§8.2 Transducer Installation Guide ............................................................................................ 39

§8.3 Pipe Size Tables .................................................................................................................. 42

§8.4 Sound Speed Tables ............................................................................................................ 55

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 1 -

RH20 Quick Start Guide

This Quick Start is provided solely to help the operator to get the flowmeter up and running as
quickly as possible. For complete information on the flowmeter and its operation procedures, please
refer to the User’s Manual. For frequently-asked questions and answers, please visit our technical
support website at: http://www.spiremt.com/support.html

Step 1: Power On

Charge the battery fully before using the instrument.
Press the ON button. The meter will go through a self-checking process to make sure
everything is alright. After a few seconds, the screen will display some flowmeter
information. If it does not show up properly, please contact Spire Metering immediately.

Step 2: Configure the Flowmeter

2.1: Enter transducer info

Change the Scale Factor: Press keys M45 (e.g., press MENU,
4 and 5 keys orderly.) Then, press the ENT key. Key in the
scale factor of the transducer pair you are planning to use,
the ENT key again.

2.2: Enter pipe info

Pipe OD: Press keys M11, and then ENT. The display should
be similar to the figure on the right. Now enter the pipe outer
diameter, and press the ENT key to confirm.

Wall-thickness: Press the ▼/- key to scroll down to the next menu, M12. Press ENT and
enter the pipe’s wall-thickness value. Press ENT again to confirm.

Pipe ID: Press ▼/- to scroll down to M13. The correct ID value should be displayed on the
screen. There is no need to change anything.

Pipe Material: Press ▼/- to scroll down to M14. Press ENT
and then use ▼/- to select the right item. If pipe material is
not shown on the list (non-standard material), select any one
them. Press ENT to confirm.

Sound Speed in Pipe Wall: Press ▼/- to scroll down to M15. If you find your pipe material
on the list in the previous step, the flowmeter should already know the sound speed. You can
just skip this step and go to the next.

Otherwise, press ENT and enter the sound speed of your pipe material. You can find this
information in the User’s Manual. When you are done, press ENT to confirm.

M45
Scale Factor
1
=>0.951_

M11
Outer Diameter

2.375 in
=>_

M14
Pipe Material
=> 0. Carbon Steel

1. StainlessSteel

- 2 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Pipe lining: If your pipe has lining inside, enter the lining information on menu windows
M16-M18.

2.3: Enter fluid info

Fluid Type: Use the ▼/- key to scroll down to M20, or, simply press keys M20. Then, press
ENT and select the item that matches your fluid type. If you do not find a match (non­standard fluid), just select any item on the list. Press the ENT key to confirm.

Sound Speed in Fluid: If you found your fluid type in the previous step, the flowmeter already
has the sound speed info. Therefore, skip this step and go the next.
Otherwise, press ▼/- to scroll down to M21. Press ENT and key in the sound speed of your
fluid. You can find this information in the User’s Manual. When you are done, press ENT to
confirm.

2.4: Enter transducer installation info

Transducer Type: Use the ▼/- key to scroll down to M23. Press ENT and select the proper

transducer type from the list, then, press ENT to confirm.

Important note: If HS transducers are used for the measurement, select item 10. Standard
HS; if HM transducers are used, select item 11. Standard HM; if M1 transducers are used,

select 8. Standard M1; if L1 transducers are used, select 14. Standard L1.If S1HT or M1HT
transducers are used, select Standard S1 or Standard M1 accordingly.

Mounting Method: Use the ▼/- key to scroll down to
or, simply press keys M24. Then, press ENT and select the
proper item and press ENT to confirm. For pipes smaller
than 1”, try the W-method. For pipes from 1” to 12”, use
V-method. For pipes larger than 12”, use the Z-method.

Mounting Spacing: Use the ▼/- key to scroll down to
M25. The displayed value is the suggested mounting
spacing between the two transducers (see the figure on the
right). Write down this number, as you will need it later
when installing the transducers.

Step 3: Install Transducers

The following figures show three examples of the installation. Please see the Appendix for
installation details.

Step 4: Fine Tuning

M25
Transducer Spacing

0.731126 in

M24
Transducer Mounting
=>0. V-Method

1. Z-Method

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 3 -

On the main unit, press M90 to enter into menu M90. There are three important numbers (so­called triplets) displayed on this window: Transit-time ratio R, signal strength S and signal
quality Q. Their values should fall into the right ranges in order to justify the reading:

R: 97% ~ 103%
S: 600 ~ 999
Q: 60 ~ 99.

If these values are not in the above ranges, you need to verify the parameters you have
entered in Step 2. If you believe your entries are correct and the three numbers are still off
their ranges, you may need to check your installation. Here are some tips:

 Make sure the transducer mounting area on the pipe is coating-free and smooth.
 Moving transducers closer to or away from each other will increase or decrease the

transit-time ratio R.

 For small metal pipes (1” ~ 1.5”), wrap some acoustic damping materials around the

pipe, but leave an open window for the transducers to make direct contact with the
pipe surface. Examples of damping material are GraceIce, WaterShield material,
silicone, epoxy, etc. War n i ng! Be aware of their temperature limitations and other
safety instructions.

 For copper pipes of 1” or stainless steel pipes of 1”~1.5”, we recommend using

flow-cell transducers to achieve better results.

Please refer to section 2.9.4 of the User’s Manual for more details.

The sound speed information in menu M92 might also be useful for debugging. The displayed
value should be close to the one you have entered in step 2.2. If you have entered fluid type in
step 2.2 instead, and you do not know the fluid’s sound speed, you can find this information
in the Appendix of the User’s Manual.

If all three parameters are good, and the sound speed measurement in M92 looks reasonable,
your installation is done. You are ready to look at your measurement results on menu window
M00.

Note that the menu windows shown above are for illustration only. The values in those
windows may not be meaningful.

M90 101.53%
Strenth+Quality
S=635, 634 Q=86
System Normal

M92
Fluid Sound Vel

0.0000 m/s

- 4 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

1. Introduction

§1.1 Preface

A member of the Regal Series, the RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter is the first member of the
3rd generation ultrasonic flow meters from Spire Metering. It is carefully designed for portability
and ease of use while still maintaining the capability of a full-size flowmeter.

The RH20 is based on clamp-on transit-time flow measurement principle. It measures the flow rate
of liquid in a pipe from outside of the pipe by using a pair of ultrasonic transducers. In general, the
liquid should be full in the pipe, and should contain very little particles or bubbles. Examples of
applicable liquids are: water (hot water, chill water, city water, sea water, etc.); sewage; oil (crude
oil, lubricating oil, diesel oil, fuel oil, etc.); chemicals (alcohol, acids, etc.); waste; beverage and
liquid food; solvents and other liquids.

Due to the nature of the clamp-on technique, the transducer installation is simple and no special
skills or tools are required. Besides, there is no pressure drop, no moving parts, no leaks and no
contamination.

The RH20 utilizes our proprietary technologies such as advanced signal processing, low-voltage
transmitting, small signal receiving with self-adaptation, etc. It also incorporates the latest surface­mounting semiconductors and mini PCB design techniques. The built-in rechargeable Ni-H battery
can work continuously for more than 8 hours without recharge.

The RH20 also has a built-in data-logger, which allows storage of 2,000 lines of data. The stored
information can be downloaded to a PC through its RS232 connection port with Spire Metering’s
StufManagerTM PC software or Windows HyperTerminal software. The RH20 also provides digital
output such as frequency output and pulsed totalizer output.

§1.2 Features

* ±0.5% of linearity
* Accuracy: ±1% of reading in velocity, plus ±0.03ft/s (10mm/s)
* Bi-directional measurement
* 4 flow totalizers
* Proprietary low-voltage transmission technology
* Wide pipe size range (1” ~ 120”)
* Built-in data-logger
* Clamp-on transducer. Easy to install and to maintain
* Optional flow-cell transducer or insertion transducer available for excellent long-term
stability and high accuracy demand
* Lightweight, portable (Main unit 1.2lbs)
* USB interface to computer for easy data download
* StufManagerTM PC software

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 5 -

§1.3 Principle of Measurement

The RH20 ultrasonic flowmeter is designed to measure the velocity of liquid within a closed
conduit. It uses the well-known transit-time technology. The transducers are a non-contacting,
clamp-on type. They do not block the flow, thus there is no pressure drop. They are easy to install
and remove.
The RH20 utilizes a pair of transducers that function as both ultrasonic transmitters and receivers.
The transducers are clamped on the outside of a closed pipe at a specific distance from each other.
The transducers can be mounted in the V-method where the sound transverses the pipe twice, or W­method where the sound transverses the pipe four times, or in the Z-method where the transducers
are mounted on opposite sides of the pipe and the sound crosses the pipe once. The selection of the
mounting methods depends on pipe and liquid characteristics.

The RH20 operates by alternately transmitting and receiving a frequency-modulated burst of sound
energy between the two transducers and measuring the transit time that it takes for sound to travel
between the two transducers. The difference in the transit time measured is directly and exactly
related to the velocity of the liquid in the pipe, as shown in the following equation and figure.

Where

θ is the angle between the sound path and the flow direction

M is the number of times the sound traverses the flow
D is the pipe diameter

T

up

is the time for the beam traveling from upstream the transducer to the downstream

transducer

T

down

is the time for the beam traveling from the downstream transducer to the

upstream transducer

ΔT = T

up

– T

down

downup

TT

TMD

V









2sin

- 6 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

§1.4 Parts Identification

Front View

Top View

Bottom View

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 7 -

L1-type(Optional)

HM-type (2”-

Extension Cable 5m x 2 (Optional)

HS-type

Transducers:

Transducer Cable 5m x 2

RS232C Serial Cable

AC/DC Power and Battery
Charger Adapter

- 8 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

§1.5 Typical Applications

The RH20 flowmeter can be applied to a wide range of pipe flow measurements. The pipe size
ranges from 1”-120” (20mm-3000mm). A variety of liquid applications can be accommodated:
ultra-pure liquids, potable water, oil, chemicals, raw sewage, reclaimed water, cooling water, river
water, sea water, plant effluent, etc. Because the transducers are non-contacting and have no
moving parts, the flowmeter will not be affected by flow pressure or liquid properties. Standard
transducers are rated to 80ºC, and higher temperatures can be accommodated. For further
information, please consult the manufacturer for assistance.

For small pipes, you may choose the flow-cell transducer, instead of the clamp-on transducer, in
order to get better accuracy and better long-term stability.

§1.6 Data Integrity and Built-in Time-Keeper

All user-entered configuration values are stored in the built-in non-volatile flash memory that can
retain the data for over 100 years, even when the power is lost or turned off. Password protection is
provided to avoid inadvertent configuration changes or totalizer resets.

A time-keeper is integrated in the flowmeter. It works as the time base for flow totalizing. The time­keeper remains operating as long as the battery’s terminal voltage is over 1.5V. In case of battery
failure, the time-keeper will not keep running and the time data will lost. The user must re-enter
proper time values after the battery failure is recovered. Improper time values will affect the
totalizers as well as many other functions.

§1.7 Product Identification

Each set of the RH20 series flowmeter has a unique product identification number or ESN written
into the software that can only be modified with a special tool by the manufacturer. In case of any
hardware failure, please provide this number, which is located on menu window M61, when
contacting the manufacturer.

§1.8 Specifications

Flow Velocity ± 10 m/s (± 32 ft/s), bi-directional.

Physical Quantity Volumetric flow rate, total flow, velocity

Display/Keypad LCD with backlight. 4x16 letters. 4x4 tactile-feedback membrane

keypad. Displays instantaneous flow rate, flow total (positive, negative
and net), velocity, and time.

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 9 -

Output Optically isolated Open Collector Transistor output (OCT) for

frequency and pulse.

Recording Automatically records the daily total of the last 128 days, the monthly

total of the last 64 months and the yearly total of the last 5years.

Linearity 0.5%

Repeatability 0.5%

Accuracy* 1% of reading 0.01m/s (0.03ft/s) in velocity*

Response Time 0.5s. Configurable between 0.5s and 99s.

Pipe Size Range 1" - 120" (DN25mm - DN3,000mm), depending on transducer.

Pipe Material All metals, most plastics, some lined pipes.

Rate Units Meter, Feet, Cubic Meter, Liter, Cubic Feet, USA Gallon, Imperial

Gallon, Oil Barrel, USA Liquid Barrel, Imperial Liquid Barrel, Million
USA Gallons. User configurable.

Totalizer Positive totalizer, negative totalizer, net totalizer, and manual totalizer.

Liquid Types Virtually all liquids (full pipe).

Liquid Temperature 32˚F - 176˚F (0˚C - 80˚C) or 32˚F - 312˚F (0˚C - 155˚C), depending on

transducer type

Security Setup lockout. Access code needed for unlocking

Communication
Interface

RS232. Supports the MODBUS protocol.

Software StufManagerTM PC software for data logger download and real-time

data acquisition.

Transducers HS, HM, L1, S1HT, M1HT

Transducer Cable Standard 2x15’ (2x5m), optional 2x30’ (2x10m)

Power Supply 3 AAA Ni-H built-in batteries. When fully charged it will last over 8

hours of operation.
100V-240VAC for the charger

Data Logger Built-in data logger can store over 2,000 lines of data

Manual Totalizer 7-digit press-key-to-go totalizer for calibration

Protection (Handset) IP54

Housing Material (Case) ABS. Aluminum alloy protective case. Suitable for normal and harsh

environments

Handset Size 8”x4”x1.5” (205mmx103mmx37mm)

Carrying Case Size

20 " x 18" x 6 " (5 0 8mm x457mmx152mm)

Handset Weight 1.2 lbs (514g) with batteries

Package Weight 16 lbs (8kg) for standard package

- 10 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

2. Measurement

§2.1 Built-in Battery

The instrument can operate either from the built-in Ni-H rechargeable battery, which will last
over 8 hours of continuous operation when fully charged, or from an external AC/power
supply from the battery charger. When the red LED is on, the battery is charging.

The battery-charging circuit employs both constant-current and constant-voltage charging
methods. It has a characteristic of fast charging at the beginning and very slow charging when
the battery approaches to full charge.

Since the charging current becomes tapered when the battery charging is nearly completed
(i.e. the charging current becomes smaller and smaller), there should be no over-charging
problem. This also means the charging progress can last very long. To get close to 100%
power, charge the device overnight. The charger can be connected to the handset all the time
when an around-the-clock measurement is required.

When fully charged, the terminal voltage reaches around 4.25V. The terminal voltage is
displayed on window M07. When the battery is nearly consumed, the battery voltage drops to
below 3V. The approximate remaining working time is indicated in this window as well.
Notice that the battery remaining working time is estimated based on the current battery
voltage. It may have some errors, especially when the terminal voltage is in the range from

3.70 to 3.90 volts. For battery maintenance and replacement, please refer to Appendix §8.1.

§2.2 Power On

Press ON key to turn on the power and press OFF to turn off the power.

Once the flowmeter is turned on, it will run a self-diagnostic program, checking first the
hardware and then the software integrity. If there is any abnormality, corresponding error
messages will be displayed.

Generally, there should be no display of error messages, and the flowmeter will go to the most
commonly used Menu Window #01 (M01) to display the Velocity, Flow Rate, Positive
Totalizer, Signal Strength and Signal Quality, based on the pipe parameters configured last
time by the user or by the initial program.

The flow measurement program always operates in the background of the user interface. This
means that the flow measurement will keep running regardless of any user menu window
browsing or viewing. Only when the user enters new pipe parameters will the flowmeter
change measurement to reflect the new parameter changes.

When new pipe parameters are entered or when the power is turned on, the flowmeter will
into a self-adjusting mode to adjust the gain of the receiving circuits so that the signal strength
will be within a proper range. By this step, the flowmeter finds the best receiving signals. The
user will see the progress by the number 1, 2, or 3, located on the lower right corner of the

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 11 -

display.

When the user adjusts the position of the installed transducers, the flowmeter will re-adjust
the signal gain automatically.

Any user-entered configuration value will be stored in the NVRAM (non-volatile memory),
until it is modified by the user.

§2.3 Keypad

The keypad of the flowmeter has 16+2 keys.

Keys 0 ~ 9 and . are keys to enter numbers.

Key ▲/+ is the going UP key when the user
wants to go to the upper menu window. It also
works as ‘+’ key when entering numbers.

Key ▼/- is the going DOWN key when the user
wants to go to the lower menu window. It also
works as the ‘–’ key when entering numbers.

Key ◄ is the backspace key when the user wants
go left or wants to delete the character that is
located to the left of the cursor.

Key ENT is the ENTER key for any input or
selections.

Key MENU is the key for the direct menu
access. Whenever the user wants to proceed to a
certain menu window, the user can press this key
followed by a 2-digit number.

The MENU key is shortened as the ‘M’ key hereafter when referring to menu windows.

The ON key is for the power on.

The OFF key is for the power off.

§2.4 Menu Windows

The user interface of this flowmeter comprises about 100 different menu windows that are
numbered by M00, M01, M02 … M99.

There are two methods to get into a certain menu window:
(1) Direct jump in. The user can press the MENU key followed by a 2-digit number. For
example, the menu window M11 is for setting up pipe outer diameter. Pressing MENU 1 1
will display the M11 menu window immediately.
(2) Press ▲/+ or ▼/- key. Each ▲/+ key press will lead to the lower-numbered menu
window. For example, if the current window is on M12, the display will go to window M11
after the ▲/+ key is pressed once.

ENT

CHARGE

MENU

0

4

7

1

2

3

5

8

6

9

ON

OFF

- 12 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

There are three different types of menu windows:
(1) Menu windows for number entering, e.g., M11 for setting up the pipe outer diameter.
(2) Menu windows for option selection, e.g., M14 for the selection of pipe materials.
(3) Results display windows, e.g. window M00 for displaying Velocity, Flow Rate, etc.

For number entering windows, the user can directly press the digit keys if the user wants to
modify the value. For example, if the current window is on M11, and the user wants to enter

219.2345 as the pipe outer diameter, then, the flowing keys should be pressed: 2 1 9 . 2 3 4
5 ENT.

For option selection windows, the user should first press the ENT key to get into option
selection mode. Then, use ▲/+ , ▼/- , or digit key to select the right option. Consequently,
press the ENT to make the selection.
For example, assume your pipe material is stainless steel and you are currently on menu
window M14 which is for the selection of pipe materials (if you are on a different window,
you need press MENU 1 4 first in order to enter into the M14 window.) You need to press the
ENT key to get into the option selection mode. Then, either press the ▲/+ or ▼/- keys to
make the cursor on the line that displays “1. Stainless Steel”, or press the 1 key directly. At
the end, press ENT again to make the selection.

Generally, the ENT key must be pressed to get into the option selection mode for option
modifications. If the “Locked M47 Open” message is indicated on the lowest line of the LCD
display, it means that the modification operation is locked out. In such cases, the user should
go to M47 to have the instrument unlocked before any further modification can be made.

§2.5 Menu Window List

M00~M09 windows for the display of the instantaneous flow rate, net totalizer value, positive

totalizer value, negative totalizer value, instantaneous flow velocity, date time,
battery voltage and estimated working hours for the battery.

M10~M29 windows for entering system parameters, such as pipe outer diameter, pipe wall

thickness, liquid type, transducer type/model, transducer installation method, etc.
Transducer installation spacing is also displayed on one of the windows. .

M30~M38 windows for flow rate unit selection and totalizer configuration. User can use these

windows to select flow rate unit, such as cubic meter or liter, as well as to turn
on/off each totalizer, or to zero the totalizers.

M40~M49 windows for setting response time, zeroing/calibrating the system and changing

the password.
M50~M53 windows for setting up the built-in logger.
M60-M78 windows for setting up the time-keeper and displaying software version, system

serial number ESN and alarms.
M82 window for viewing the data totalizer.
M90~M94 windows for displaying diagnostic data. These data are very useful when doing a

more accurate measurement.
M97~M99 are not windows but commands for window copy output and pipe parameter

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 13 -

output.
M+0~M+8 windows for some additional functions, including a scientific calculator, display of

the total working time and display of the time and the flow rate when the device

is turned on and turned off.
Other menu windows such as M88 have no functions, or functions that were cancelled
because they were not applied to this version of the software.

The major reason why the menu windows are arranged in the above way is to make this
version be compatible with previous versions. This will make life easier for users of the
former version.

§2.6 Steps to Configure the Parameters

In order to make the RH20 work properly, the user must follow the following steps to
configure the system parameters:
(1) Pipe size and pipe wall thickness

For standard pipes, please refer to Appendix §8.3 for outer diameter and wall thickness
data. For non-standard pipes, the user has to measure these two parameters.

(2) Pipe materials

For non-standard pipe material, the sound speed of the material must be entered. Please
refer to Appendix C for sound speed data.
For standard pipe materials and standard liquids, the sound speed values have already
been programmed into the flowmeter, therefore there is no need to enter them again.

(3) Liner material, its sound speed and liner thickness, if there is any liner.
(4) Liquid type (for non-standard liquid, the sound speed of the liquid should be entered.)
(5) Transducer type.
(6) Transducer mounting methods (the V-method and Z-method are the common methods)
(7) Check the transducer distance displayed on window M25 and install the transducers

accordingly.

Example: For standard (commonly used) pipe materials and standard (commonly measured)
liquids, the parameter configuration steps are as following:
(1) Press keys MENU 1 1 to enter into M11 window. Input the pipe outer diameter through

the keypad and press ENT key.

(2) Press key ▼/- to enter into M12 window. Input the pipe thickness through the keypad

and press ENT key.

(3) Press key ▼/- to enter into M14 window. Press ENT key to get into the option selection

mode. Use keys ▲/+ and▼/- to scroll up and down to the proper pipe material, and
then press ENT key.

(4) Press key ▼/- to enter into M16 window. Press ENT key to get into the option selection

mode. Use keys ▲/+ and ▼/- to scroll up and down to the proper liner material, and then
press ENT key. Select “No Liner”, if there is no liner.

(5) Press key ▼/- to enter into M20 window. Press ENT key to get into the option selection

mode. Use keys ▲/+ and ▼/- to scroll up and down to the proper liquid, and then press
ENT key.

- 14 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

(6) Press key ▼/- to enter into M23 window. Press ENT key to get into the option selection

mode. Use keys ▲/+ and ▼/- to scroll up and down to the proper transducer type, and
then press ENT key.

(7) Press key ▼/- to enter into M24 window. Press ENT key to get into the option selection

mode. Use keys ▲/+ and ▼/- to scroll up and down to the proper transducer mounting
method, and then press ENT key.

(8) Press key ▼/- to enter into M25 window. The transducer installation distance will be

displayed on the window. Based on this distance, install the transducers on the pipe now.
After installation is completed, press ENT key to go to M01 window to check if the
measurement result is good.

The first-time users may need some time to get familiar with the operation. However, the
user-friendly interface of the instrument makes the operation quite easy and simple. You will
soon find that it is actually very quick to configure the instrument with very little key
pressing, since the interface allows the user to go to the desired operation directly without any
extra steps.

The following tips will facilitate the operation of this instrument.
(1) When the current window is one between M00 to M09, pressing a number key x will

enter into the M0x window directly. For example, if the current window display is M01,
pressing 7 leads to window M07.

(2) When the current window is one between M00 to M09, pressing ENT key will lead to

window M90 for displaying diagnostic data. Press ENT key again to return to the
previous window. Press the . key to go to window M11.

(3) When the current window is M25, pressing ENT key will lead to window M01.

§2.7 Transducers Mounting Allocation

The first step in the installation process is to select an optimal location for installing the
transducers in order to make the measurement reliable and accurate. A basic knowledge about
the piping and its plumbing system would be advisable.

An optimal location would be defined as a long straight pipe line full of liquid that is to be
measured. The piping can be in a vertical or horizontal position. The following table shows
examples of optimal locations.

Principles to select an optimal location:
(1) The straight pipe should be long enough to eliminate irregular-flow-induced error.

Typically, the length of the straight pipe should be 15 times of the pipe diameter (15D),
the longer the better.
The transducers should be installed at a pipe section where the length of the straight
pipe at the upstream side is at least 10D and at downstream side is at least 5D.
Additionally, the transducer installation site should be at least 30D away from the pump.
Here D stands for pipe outer diameter. Refer to the following table for more details.

(2) Make sure that the pipe is completely full of liquid.
(3) Make sure that the temperature of the mounting location does not exceed the range for

the transducers.

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 15 -

(4) Select a relatively new straight pipe line if it is possible. Old pipe tends to have

corrosions and depositions, which could affect the results. If you have to work on an old
pipe, we recommend you to treat the corrosions and depositions as if they are part of the
pipe wall or as part of the liner. For example, you can add an extra value to the pipe wall
thickness parameter or the liner thickness parameter to take into account the deposition.

(5) Some pipes may have a kind of plastic liner which creates a certain amount of gaps

between the liner and the inner pipe wall. These gaps could prevent ultrasonic waves
directly traveling. Such conditions will make the measurement very difficult. Whenever
possible, try to avoid this kind of pipes. If you have to work on this kind of pipe, try our
plug-in transducers that are installed permanently on the pipe by drilling holes on the pipe
while liquid is running inside.

L up

L dn

L up

L dn

L up

L up

L up

L dn

L dn

L dn

Piping Configuratio

n

an

d

Transducer Position

Upstream
Dimension

Downstream
Dimension

L dn
x Diameters

L up
x Diameters

10D

5D

10D

10D

12D

20D

20D

5D

5D

5D

5D

5D

L up

L dn

30D

5D

L up

L dn

Piping Configuration and
Transducer Position

Upstream
Dimension

L

up

x Diameters

Downstream
Dimension

L

down

x Diameters

10D

10D

10D

12D

20D

20D

30D

5

D

5D

5D

5D

5D

5D

5D

5D

- 16 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

§2.8 Transducers Installation

The transducers used by the RH20 series ultrasonic flowmeter are made of piezoelectric
crystals both for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals through the wall of liquid piping
system. The measurement is realized by measuring the traveling time difference of the
ultrasonic signals. Since the difference is very small, the spacing and the alignment of the
transducers are critical factors to the accuracy of the measurement and the performance of the
system. Meticulous care should be taken for the installation of the transducers.

Steps to the installation of the transducers:
(1) Locate an optimal position where the straight pipe length is sufficient (see the previous

section), and where pipes are in a favorable condition, e.g., newer pipes with ease of
operation and no rust.

(2) Clean any dust and rust on the spot where the transducers are to be installed. For a

better result, polishing the pipe outer surface with a sander is strongly recommended.

(3) Apply adequate ultrasonic couplant (grease, gel or Vaseline)* on to the transducer

transmitting surface as well as to the installation spot on the pipe surface. Make sure
there is no gap between the transducer transmitting surface and the pipe surface.

Extra care should be taken to avoid any sand or dust particles left between the pipe surface
and the transducer surface.

Horizontally lined pipes could have gas bubbles inside the upper part of the pipe. Therefore, it
is recommended to install the transducers horizontally by the side of the pipe.
There are three ways to mount the transducers on to the pipe: by magnetic force, by clamp-on
fixture and by hand. If the pipe material is metal, the magnetic force will hold the transducer
on the pipe. Otherwise, you may simply hold the transducer rack and press it against the pipe
if you just need a quick measurement, or, you may use a metal strip or the provided clamp
fixture to install the transducers.

Please see Appendix §8.2 for more installation information.

*Note: It is recommended to use the SOUNDSAFE product from Sonotech, Inc. as the ultrasonic couplant
for safety considerations. Other couplants, such as grease, gel, and Vaseline, can be used as alternatives, but
at your own risk.

§2.8.1 Transducer Spacing

The spacing value shown on menu window M25 refers to the distance of inner spacing
between the two transducers (see the following figures). The actual distance of the two
transducers should be as close as possible to this spacing value.

§2.8.2 V-method Installation

V-method installation is the most widely used method for daily measurement with pipe inner

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 17 -

diameters ranging from 25mm (1”) to 400mm (16”). It is also called the reflective method.

§2.8.3 Z-method Installation

Z-method is commonly used when the pipe diameter is between 200mm (8”) and 3,000mm
(120”).

§2.8.4 W-method Installation

W-method is usually used on plastic pipes with a diameter from 20mm (3/4”) to 50mm (2”).

- 18 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

§2.8.5 N-method Installation

This method is rarely used.

§2.9 Installation Checkup

After completion of the transducer installation, the user should check the following items: the
receiving signal strength, the signal quality Q value, the delta time (traveling time difference
between the upstream and the downstream signals), the estimated liquid sound speed, the
transit time ratio, etc. As such, one can be sure that the flowmeter is working properly and the
results are reliable and accurate.

§2.9.1 Signal Strength

Signal strength indicates the amplitude of receiving ultrasonic signals by a 3-digit number.
[000] means there is no signal detected and [999] refers to the maximum signal strength that
can be received.

Although the instrument works well when the signal strength ranges from 500 to 999, stronger
signal strength should be pursued, because a stronger signal means a better result. The
following methods are recommended to obtain strong signals:
(1) If the current location is not good enough for a stable and reliable flow reading, or if the

signal strength is lower than 700, relocate to a more favorable location.

(2) Try to polish the outer surface of the pipe, and apply more couplant to increase the signal

strength.

(3) Tenderly adjust the position of the two transducers, both vertically and horizontally, while

checking the signal strength. Stop at the position where the signal strength reaches to
maximum. Then, check the transducer spacing to make sure it is the same as or very close
to what window M25 shows.

§2.9.2 Signal Quality

Signal quality is indicated as the Q value in the instrument. A higher Q value would mean a
higher Signal to Noise Ratio (short for SNR), and accordingly a higher degree of accuracy
able to be achieved. Under normal pipe condition, the Q value is in the range of 60-99, the
higher the better.

Causes for a lower Q value could be:
(1) Interference from other instruments and devices nearby, such as a power frequency

transverter which could cause strong interference. Try to relocate the flowmeter to a
new place where the interference can be reduced.

(2) Bad sonic coupling between the transducers and the pipe. Try to polish the pipe surface

again, clean the surface and apply more couplant, etc.

(3) The selected pipe section is difficult to conduct the measurement. Relocate to a more

favorable pipe line.

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 19 -

§2.9.3 Total Transit Time and Delta Time

The total transit time (or traveling time) and the delta time are displayed on menu window
M93. They are the primary data for the instrument to calculate the flow rate. Therefore, the
measured flow rate will vary as the total transit time and delta time vary.

The total transit time should remain stable or vary in a very small range.

The delta time normally varies less than 20%. If the variation exceeds 20% in either positive
or negative direction, there could be certain kinds of problems with the transducer installation.
The user should check the installation for sure.

§2.9.4 Transit Time Ratio

This ratio is usually used to check whether the transducer installation is good and whether the
entered pipe parameters are in consistency with their actual values. If the pipe parameters are
correct and the transducers are installed properly, the transit time ratio should be in the range
of 100±3. If this range is exceeded, the user should check:
(1) If the entered pipe parameters are correct?
(2) If the actual spacing of the transducers is the same as or close to what shown on window

M25?

(3) If the transducer are installed properly in the right direction?
(4) If the mounting location is good, if the pipe has changed shape, or if the pipe is too old

(i.e., too much corrosion or deposition inside the pipe)?

(5) If there is any interference source inside of the pipe?
(6) If there are other aspects which do not meet the measurement requirements as

recommended before?

Please refer to Appendix §8.2 for more installation details.

- 20 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

3. How To

§3.1 How to check if the instrument works properly

Generally speaking, when ‘R’ is displayed in the lower right corner of the LCD display, the
instrument is working properly.

If an ‘H’ flashes instead, the received signal could be poor. Please refer to Chapter
5fortroubleshooting.

If an ‘I’ is displayed, it means that there is no signal detected.

If a ‘J’ is displayed, it means that the hardware of this instrument could be out of order. Refer
to Chapter 5 for details.

§3.2 How to check the liquid flowing direction

(1) Make sure that the instrument works properly
(2) Check the flow rate display. If the value is POSITIVE, the direction of the flow will be

from the ORANGE transducer to the GREEN transducer; if the value is NEGATIVE,
the direction will be from the GREEN transducer to the ORANGE transducer.

§3.3 How to change units systems

Use menu window M30 for the selection of units systems, either English or in Metric.

§3.4 How to select a flow rate unit

Use menu window M31 to select the flow rate unit as well as the corresponding time unit.

§3.5 How to use the totalizer multiplier

Use window M33 to select a proper multiplying factor for the totalizer multiplier. Make sure
that the rate of the totalizer pulse is not too fast, nor too slow. A speed of several pulses per
minute is preferable.

If the totalizer multiplying factor is too small, the output pulse will be very fast and there
could be a loss of pulses. The designed minimum pulse period is 500 milliseconds.

If the totalizer multiplying factor is too large, the output pulse will be very slow, which might
be a problem if the master device requires fast response.

§3.6 How to turn on and off the totalizers

Use M34, M35 and M36 to turn on or turn off the POS, NEG, or NET totalizer, respectively.

§3.7 How to reset the totalizers

Use M37 to reset the flow rate totalizers.

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 21 -

§3.8 How to restore the factory default setups

Go to window M37.Press . key followed by the backspace key ◄

This operation will erase all the parameters entered by the user and setup the instrument with
factory default values.

§3.9 How to use the damper to stabilize the flow rate

The damper acts as a filter for a stable reading. If ‘0’ is entered in window M40, that means
there is no damping. A bigger number brings a more stable effect. But bigger damper numbers
will prevent the instrument from acting quickly.

Numbers of 0 to 10 are commonly used for the damper value.

§3.10 How to use the zero-cutoff function

The number displayed in window M41 is called the zero-cutoff value. When the absolute
value of the measured flow rate is less than the zero-cutoff value, the measured flow rate will
be replaced with ‘0’. This is to avoid any invalid accumulation when the actual flow is below
the zero-cutoff value.

The zero-cutoff operation does not affect the flow measurement when the actual flow is
greater than the zero-cutoff value.

§3.11 How to setup a zero point

When the flow in a pipe is absolutely stopped, the flowmeter could still give a small non-zero
flow rate reading. In order to make the measurement accurate, it is necessary to remove this
“zero point” reading.
Window M42 allows us to take care of this issue. At first, the user should make sure that the
liquid in the pipe is totally stopped (no velocity). Then, go to window M42 and press the ENT
key to start the zero point setup function.

§3.12 How to change the flow rate scale factor

A scale factor (SF) is the ratio between the “actual flow rate” and the flow rate measured by
the flowmeter. It can be determined by calibration with standard flow calibration equipment.
To change the SF, press M45, then the ENT key, enter the new SF, and press ENT again.
Note: the default scale factor is labeled on the transducers.

§3.13 How to use the password locker

The password locker provides a means of preventing inadvertent configuration changes or
totalizer resets.

When the system is locked, the user can still browse menu windows, but cannot make any
modifications on the windows.

The password locking / unlocking is done in window M47. The system can be locked without
a password or with a password consisted of 1 to 4 digits.

- 22 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

For no-password locking / unlocking, just press ENT key in window M47.
If the password is forgotten, please contact the manufacturer.

§3.14 How to use the built-in data logger

The built-in data logger has a space of 24K bytes of memory, which will hold about 2000
lines of data.
Use M50 to turn on and turn off the logger as well as to select the items to be logged.
Use M51 to set up the starting time, time interval, and the logging duration.

Use M52 to select the data storage direction. Data can be stored in a logger buffer (this means
it is stored in the units memory, which is fairly small) or directed to the RS-232C interface
without being stored into the logger buffer.

Use M53 to view the data in the logger buffer.

Use M52 to clear the logging data remaining in the RS-232C interface and in the logger
buffer.

The data stored in the data logger can be downloaded to a PC with the Windows Hyper
Terminal utility. Or, you may use Spire Metering’s StufManagerTM software to do the
downloading. This software also helps you to set up the data logger. Please go to the
following website for more details: http://www.spiremt.com/support/rh20.html

§3.15 How to use the Frequency Output

All of the RH20 series flowmeters have Frequency Output functionality. This frequency
output signal, which represents the flow rate, is intended to connect with other instruments.

The Frequency Output is totally user-configurable. Usually, four parameters should be
configured.

Enter the lower limit of flow rate in window M68 and the higher limit of flow rate in window
M69.

Enter the frequency range in window M67.

For example, assume that the flow rate varies in a range from 0 m

3

/h to 3000 m3/h, and the
required output signal frequency should be in a range from 200 Hz to 1000 Hz. The user
should enter 0 in M68 and 3000 in M69, and enter 200 and 1000 in window M67.

Please note that the user needs to select the frequency output option (the 13th option, “FO
output”) in window M78. The user must also make the OCT (Open Collector Output)
hardware connection to the device which is supposed to use the frequency output signal.

§3.16 How to use the Totalizer Pulse Output

The flowmeter will produce a pulse output with every unit of liquid flow. This pulse could be
used by an external pulse counter to accumulate the flow rate.

Refer to§3.4 and §3.5 for the setup of the totalizer units and multiplier.

The totalizer pulse output can only be connected to OCT or BUZZER hardware devices.

For example, assume that the POS totalizer pulse output is needed, and every pulse represents

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 23 -

0.1 cubic meter of liquid flow. Assume also that the pulse output is connected to an internal
Buzzer. With every 0.1 cubic meter of flow, we need the BUZZER to beep for a while. In
to achieve this, the following steps must be performed:
(1) Select the Cubic Meter (m

3

) unit in window M32.

(2) Select the Multiplier factor as ‘2. X0.1’in window M33.
(3) Select the output option ‘9. POS INT Pulse’ in window M77. (INT stands for totalized)

§3.17 How to produce an alarm signal

There are 2 types of hardware alarm signals that are available with this instrument. One is the
Buzzer, and the other is the OCT output.

Possible triggering sources of the alarming events for both the Buzzer and the OCT output:
(1) There is no receiving signal
(2) The signal received is too weak.
(3) The flowmeter is not in normal measurement modes.
(4) The flow direction is changed.
(5) Overflow occurs at the Frequency Output
(6) The flow is out of the specified range.

There are two alarms in this instrument, #1 alarm and #2 alarm. They can be configured in
windows M73, M74, M75 and M76.

For example, assume we need the Buzzer to start beeping when the flow rate is less than 300
m3/h and greater than 2000 m3/h. The following setup steps would be recommended.
(1) Enter flow rate lower limit 300 in M73 for #1 alarm,
(2) Enter flow rate upper limit 2000 in M74 for #1 alarm,
(3) Select item ‘6. Alarm #1’ in M77.

§3.18 How to use the built-in Buzzer

The built-in buzzer is user-configurable. It can be used as an alarm. Use M77 for setups.

§3.19 How to use the OCT output

The OCT output is on/off type. It is user-configurable. For example, you can set the OCT
output to be a pulse signal for flow accumulation.
Use M77 for the setup.
Notice that the Frequency Output shares the same OCT hardware.
The OCT output is wired to pin 6 (for positive) and pin 5 (for ground) of the RS-232
connector. Refer to section §6.1 for more details.

§3.20 How to modify the built-in calendar

No modification on the built-in calendar will be needed in most cases. The calendar consumes
an insignificant amount of power. Modification will be needed only when the battery is totally
exhausted, or when the replacement of the batteries takes a long time so that the original clock
data get lost.

Press the ENT key in M61 for modification. Use the dot key to skip over the digits that need

- 24 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

modification.

§3.21 How to adjust the LCD contrast

Use M70 to adjust the LCD contrast. The adjusted results will be stored in the EEPROM so
that the MASTER ERASE (factory default restoration) will make no effect on the contrast.

§3.22 How to use the RS232 serial interface

Use M62 for the setup of the RS-232C serial interface.

§3.23 How to view the Totalizers

Use M82 to view the daily totalizer, the monthly totalizer and the yearly totalizer.

§3.24 How to use the Working Timer

Use the working timer to check the time that has passed with a certain kind of operation. For
example, use it as a timer to show how long a fully-charged battery will last.

In window M72, press ENT key and select YES to reset the working timer.

§3.25 How to use the manual totalizer

Use M38 for the manual totalizer setup. Press ENT key to start and stop the totalizer.

§3.26 How to check the ESN

Every set of the RH20 series flowmeters utilizes a unique ESN to identify the meter. The ESN
is an 8-digit number that provides the information of version and manufacturing date.

The user can also employ the ESN for instrumentation management.

The ESN is displayed in window M61.

Use M+1 to view the total working time since the instrument was shipped out of the
manufacturer.
Use M+4 to view the total number of times the instrument has been turned on and off since
the instrument was shipped out of the manufacturer.

§3.27 How to check the battery life

Use M07 to check how long the battery will last. Also please refer to §2.1 for further details.

§3.28 How to charge the built-in battery

Refer to §2.1

§3.29 How to calibrate the flowmeter

Refer to website: http://www.spiremt.com/support/rh20.html, under section “Frequently
Questions”.

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 25 -

4. Menu Window Details

Menu

window

No.

Function

M00 Display POS (positive), NEG (negative) and NET (net) totalizer values. Display

signal strength, signal quality and working status

M01 Display POS totalizer, instantaneous flow rate, velocity, signal strength, signal quality

and working status

M02 Display NEG totalizer, instantaneous flow rate, velocity, signal strength, signal

quality and working status

M03 Display NET totalizer, instantaneous flow rate, velocity, signal strength, signal quality

and working status

M04 Display date and time, instantaneous flow rate, signal strength, signal quality and

working status

M05 Display date and time, velocity, signal strength, signal quality and working status
M06 Display the wave shape of the receiving signal
M07 Display the battery terminal voltage and its estimated lasting time
M08 Display all of the detailed working status, signal strength, signal quality
M09 Display today’s total NET flow, velocity, signal strength, signal quality and working

status

M10 Window for entering the outer perimeter of the pipe
M11 Window for entering the outer diameter of the pipe

Valid range: 0 to 6000mm.

M12 Window for entering pipe wall thickness
M13 Window for entering the inner diameter of the pipe. If pipe outer diameter and wall

thickness are entered correctly, the inner diameter will be calculated automatically,
thus there is no need to change anything in this window.

M14 Window for selecting pipe material

Standard pipe materials (no need to enter the material sound speed) include:
(0) carbon steel (1) stainless steel (2) cast iron (3) ductile iron
(4) copper (5) PVC (6) aluminum (7) asbestos
(8) fiberglass

M15 Window for entering the sound speed of non-standard pipe materials
M16 Window for selecting the liner material. Select none for pipes without any liner.

Standard liner materials (no need to enter liner sound speed) include:
(1) Tar Epoxy (2) Rubber (3) Mortar (4) Polypropylene
(5) Polystryol (6)Polystyrene (7) Polyester (8) Polyethylene
(9) Ebonite (10) Teflon

M17 Window for entering the sound speed of non-standard liner materials
M18 Window for entering the liner thickness, if there is a liner
M19 Window for entering the roughness coefficient of the pipe inner surface

- 26 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

M20 Window for selecting fluid type

For standard liquids (no need to enter liquid sound speed) include:
(0) Water (1) Sea Water (2) Kerosene (3) Gasoline
(4) Fuel oil (5) Crude Oil (6) Propane at -45°C
(7) Butane at 0°C (8)Other liquids (9) Diesel Oil (10)Caster Oil
(11)Peanut Oil (12) #90 Gasoline (13) #93 Gasoline (14) Alcohol
(15) Hot water at 125°C

M21 Window for entering the sound speed of non-standard liquids
M22 Window for entering the viscosity of non-standard liquids
M23 Window for selecting transducer type

There are 14 different types of transducers for selection.
If the π type spool-piece transducers are used, the user needs to configure the 3
transducer parameters.
Otherwise, the user needs to configure the 4 transducer parameters.

M24 Window for selecting the transducer mounting methods

Four methods can be selected:
(0) V-method (1) Z-method (2) N-method (3) W-method

M25 Display the transducer mounting spacing or distance
M26 Entry to store the pipe parameters into the internal NVRAM (non-volatile memory)
M27 Entry to read the previously saved pipe parameters
M28 Entry to determine whether or not to keep the last correct value when poor signal

condition occurs. YES is the factory default

M29 Window to set the threshold below which the receiving signal is defined as poor.

Valid number: from 000 to 999. 0 is the factory default

M30 Window for selecting unit system. ‘Metric’ is the factory default. The conversion

from English to Metric or vice versa will not affect the unit for totalizers.

M31 Window for selecting flow rate unit system.

Flow rate can be in

0. Cubic meter short for (m3)

1. Liter (l)

2. USA gallon (gal)

3. Imperial Gallon (igl)

4. Million USA gallon (mgl)

5. Cubic feet (cf)

6. USA liquid barrel (bal)

7. Imperial liquid barrel (ib)

8. Oil barrel (ob)
The flow unit in terms of time can be per day, per hour, per minute or per second. So,
there are 36 different flow rate units in total for selection.

M32 Window for selecting the totalizer unit
M33 Window for setting the totalizer multiplying factor

The multiplying factor ranges from 0.001 to 10000

M34 Turn on or turn off the NET totalizer
M35 Turn on or turn off the POS totalizer

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 27 -

M36 Turn on or turn off the NEG totalizer
M37 (1) Totalizer reset

(2) Restore the factory default settings. Press the dot key followed by the backspace
key. Attention: it is recommended to make notes on the parameters before doing the
restoration.

M38 Manual totalizer used for calibration. Press any key to start and press the key again to

stop the totalizer.

M39 Language selection: Chinese or English.
M40 Flow rate damper setup. The damping parameter ranges from 0 to 999 seconds.

0 means there is no damping. Factory default is 10 seconds.

M41 Zero flow rate (or low flow rate) cut-off to avoid invalid accumulation.
M42 Zero point setup. Make sure the liquid in the pipe is not running while doing this
M43 Clear the zero point value, and restore the factory default zero point.
M44 Set up a flow bias. Generally this value should be 0.
M45 Flow rate scale factor. The factory default is ‘1’.

Keep this value as ‘1’ when no calibration has been made.

Note: the default calibrated scale factor is labeled on the transducers.

M46 Network address identification number (IDN). Any integer can be entered except

13(0DH, carriage return), 10 (0AH, line feeding), 42 (2AH), 38, 65535.
Every set of the instrument in a network environment should have a unique IDN.
Please refer to the chapter for communications.

M47 System locker to avoid modification of the system parameters
M48 Not used
M49 Window for network communication test
M50 Window to set up the schedule-based data saving. Select the items to be saved.
M51 Window to set up the schedule for the schedule-based data saving
M52 Data output direction control.

(1) If ‘To RS-232’ is selected, all the data will be directed to the RS-232 interface
(2) If ‘To buffer ‘ is selected, the data will be stored into the built-in logger memory
(3) Allow user to clear data buffer

M53 Logger buffer viewer. It functions as a file editor. Use Dot, backspace UP and DN

keys to browse the buffer.
If the logger is ON, the viewer will automatically refresh once new data are stored

M54 Not used
M55 Not used
M56 Not used
M57 Not used
M58 Not used
M59 Not used
M60 99 years calendar. Press ENT for modification. Use the dot key to skip the digits that

need no modification.

M61 Display Version Information and Electronic Serial Number (ESN) that are unique for

- 28 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

each RH20 series flowmeter.
The user can use the ESN for instrumentation management

M62 RS-232 setup. Baud rate can be 75 to 115,200 bps
M63 Not used
M64 Not used
M65 Not used
M66 Not used
M67 Window to set up the frequency range (lower limit and upper limit) for the frequency

output. Valid values: 0Hz-9999Hz. Factory default is 1-1001 Hz

M68 Window to set up the minimum flow rate which corresponds to the lower frequency

limit of the frequency output

M69 Window to set up the maximum flow rate which corresponds to the upper frequency

limit of the frequency output

M70 LCD display backlight control. The entered value indicates how many seconds the

backlight will be on with every key pressing.

M71 LCD contrast control. The LCD will become darker when a small value is entered.
M72 Working timer. It can be reset by pressing ENT key, and then selecting YES.
M73 Alarm #1 lower threshold setup. Below this threshold, the #1 Alarm will be triggered.

There are two alarming methods. User must select the alarming output items from
window M78 or M77

M74 Alarm #1 upper threshold setup
M75 Alarm #2 lower threshold setup
M76 Alarm #2 upper threshold setup
M77 Buzzer setup.

If a proper input source is selected, the buzzer will beep when the trigger event occurs

M78 OCT (Open Collector Output) setup

By selecting a proper triggering source, the OCT circuit will close when the trigger
event occurs

M79 Not used
M80 Window to set up a link to another RH20 flowmeter through RS-232. The keypad and

display can be used for the other hand set

M81 Not used
M82 Setup for daily totalizer, monthly totalizer and yearly totalizer
M83 Not used
M84 Not used
M85 Not used
M86 Not used
M87 Not used
M88 Not used
M89 Not used
M90 Display signal strength, signal quality and transit time ratio (upper right corner).
M91 Display the transit time ratio. The ratio value should be in the range of 100±3% if the

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 29 -

entered pipe parameters are correct and the transducers are properly installed.
Otherwise, the pipe parameters and the transducer installation should be checked.

M92 Display the estimated sound speed of the fluid in the pipe. If this value has an obvious

difference with the actual fluid sound speed, the user is recommended to check if the
pipe parameters are correct and if the transducer installation is good.

M93 Display the total transit time and delta time(transit time difference between upstream

and downstream traveling)

M94 Display the Reynolds number and the pipe factor used by the flow rate measurement

program. Note: the pipe factor is rarely used.

M95 Not used
M96 Not used
M97 Command to store the pipe parameters either in the built-in data logger or to the RS-

232C serial interface

M98 Command to store the diagnostic information either in the built-in data logger or to

the RS-232C serial interface

M99 Command to copy the current display either to the built-in data logger or to the RS-

232C serial interface

M+0 View the last 64 records of power on and off events. The recorded information

includes the date and time as well as the corresponding flow rate when the power on
or off occurs

M+1 Display the total working time of the instrument
M+2 Display the last power-off date and time
M+3 Display the last power-off flow rate
M+4 Display the total number of times the flowmeter has been powered on and off
M+5 A scientific calculator for the convenience of field applications.

All the values are in single accuracy.
All the mathematic operators are selected from a list.

M+6 Not used
M+7 Not used
M+8 Not used
M+9 Not used

M-0 Entry to hardware adjusting windows. Valid for the manufacturer only.

- 30 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

5.Troubleshooting

§5.1 Power-on Errors

When powered on, the RH20 series ultrasonic flowmeter automatically starts the self-diagnosis
process to find if there are any hardware and software problems. If a problem is identified, an error
message will be displayed. The following table shows the possible error messages, the
corresponding causes and their solutions.

§5.2 Working Status Errors

The RH20 series ultrasonic flowmeter will show an Error Code (a single letter like I, R, etc.) in the
lower right corner on menu windows M00, M01, M02, M03, M90 and M08. When any abnormal
Error Code shows, counter-measures should be taken.

Error
code

Message displayed
on window M08 Causes

Solutions

R System Normal No error
I No Signal (1)Unable to receive signals

(2)Transducers installed

improperly

(3)Loosen contact or not

enough couplant between
transducer and pipe outer
surface.

(4)Pipe liners are too thick or

the deposition inside of

(1 Adjust measuring location
(2)Polish the pipe surface and
clean the spot
(3)Make sure the couplant is
enough
(4)Check the transducer cables

Error message Causes Solutions

ROM TestingError
Data TestingError

Problem with the software (1)Reboot the system

(2)Contact the manufacturer.

Data StoringError User-entered parameters

get lost.

When this message is displayed, press
ENT key to restore the default
configuration.

System Clock Slow or
Fast Error

Problem with the system
clock or the crystal
oscillator.

(1)Power on again
(2)Contact the manufacturer

Date Time Error Problem with the system

calendar

Initialize the calendar in menu
window M61

Reboot repetitively Hardware problems Contact the manufacturer

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 31 -

the pipe is too thick.

(5)Transducer cables are not

properly connected

J Hardware Error Hardware problem Contact the manufacturer
H PoorSig Detected (1)Poor signal detected

(2)Transducers installed

improperly

(3)Too much fouling

(corrosion, deposition,

etc.)
(4)The pipe liner is too thick.
(5)Problem with transducer
cables

(1)Adjust measuring location
(2)Polish the pipe surface and
clean the spot
(3)Make sure the couplant is
enough
(4)Check the transducer cables

Q FrequOutputOver The actual frequency for the

Frequency Output is out of
the range specified by the
user

Check the values entered in
window M66,M67,M68 and
M69, and use a larger value in
M69

F System RAM Error

Date Time Error
CPU or IRQ Error
ROM Parity Error

(1) Temporary problems

with RAM, RTC

(2) Permanent problems

with hardware

(1) Turn on the power again

(2) contact the manufacturer

1
2
3

Adjusting Gain Instrument is in the progress

of adjusting the gain for the
signal, and the number
indicates the progressive
steps

No need for action

K Empty pipe (1) No liquid inside the

pipe

(2) Incorrect setup in M29

(1) Relocate the meter to

where the pipe is full of
liquid

(2) Enter 0 in M29

§5.3 Other Problems and Solutions

(1) Q: Why does the instrument display 0.0000 flow rate while the liquid in the pipe is actually

flowing? The signal strength is checked to be good (the working status is “R”) and the signal
quality Q has a satisfactory value.
A: The problem is likely to be caused by the incorrect “Zero Point” setting. The user may
have conducted the “Zero Point” setup while the flow was not standstill. To solve this
problem, use the ‘Reset Zero’ function in menu window M43 to clear the zero point.

(2) Q: The displayed flow rate is much lower or much higher than the actual flow rate in the pipe

under normal working conditions. Why?
A:

(a) The entered offset value might be wrong. Enter ‘0’offset in window M44.

- 32 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

(b) Incorrect transducer installation. Re-install the transducers carefully.
(c) The ‘Zero Point’ is wrong. Go to window M42 and redo the “Zero Point” setup. Make

sure that the flow inside the pipe is standstill. No velocity is allowed during this setup
process.

(3) Q: Why does the battery not work as long as the time indicated on M07?

A:

(a) The battery may have come to the end of its service life. Replace it with a new one.
(b) New battery is not compatible with the battery estimating software. The software

needs to be upgraded. Please contact the manufacturer.

(c) The battery has not been fully charged.
(d) There is indeed a time difference between the actual working time and the estimated

one, especially when the terminal voltage is in the range from 3.70 to 3.90 volts.
Therefore, the estimated working time is for reference only.

For more information, please refer to website: http://www.spiremt.com/support/rh20.html

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 33 -

6. Serial Communication

§6.1 General

The RH20 series ultrasonic flowmeter integrates a USB communication interface and a complete
set of serial communication protocol. By using this serial communication link, one can configure
the flowmeter and acquire measurement results from a PC. The following steps must be completed:

 Install the USB driver on the PC. This will generate a virtual COM port for the flowmeter.
 Connect the flowmeter to the PC through the USB cable provided with the flowmeter unit
 Check the flowmeter COM port settings (Baud rate, parity, etc.)
 Set up PC software, either Hyper Terminal or StufManager

TM

software

 Now you can communicate with the flowmeter from the PC

§6.2 Connect the Flowmeter to a PC

A standard USB cable is provided with your RH20 unit. Just simply plug the cable to the flowmeter
USB port on one end and to the computer on the other end. Then, turn on the flowmeter. Your
computer should automatically detect the USB connection and sign a virtual COM port (VCOM).
Note: you need to install the USB driver before connecting the USB cable.

§6.3 Check the Flowmeter COM Port Settings

Go to menu window M62 to check the COM port settings on your flowmeter. Write down the baud
rate. You may need it later when you set up your computer’s COM port.
If you want to change the baud rate, press ENT key and select the proper baud rate. Press ENT key
again to confirm the change.

§6.4 Set up PC Software

You may use Windows HyperTerminal software to communicate to the flowmeter. You may also
make your own PC software to communicate to the flowmeter by using the protocol described in
the following section.
To facilitate the use of and to fully explore the potential of RH20 flowmeter, Spire Metering has
developed proprietary PC software, StufManagerTM software. This software is particularly useful
for those who are not familiar with computer communication technology.

Please visit the following technical support website for more information on PC software:

http://www.spiremt.com/support/rh20.html

- 34 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

§6.5Communication Protocol

The protocol is comprised of a set of basic commands that are strings in ASCII format, ending with
a carriage (CR) and line feed (LF). Commonly used commands are listed in the following table.

Command Function Data Format
DQD(CR) Return flow rate per day ±d.ddddddE±dd
DQH(CR) Return flow rate per hour ±d.ddddddE±dd (CR)（LF）
DQM(CR) Return flow rate per minute ±d.ddddddE±dd (CR)（LF）
DQS(CR) Return flow rate per second ±d.ddddddE±dd (CR)（LF）
DV(CR) Return instantaneous flow velocity ±d.ddddddE±dd (CR)（LF）
DI+(CR) Return POS totalizer ±dddddddE±d
DI-(CR) Return NEG totalizer ±dddddddE±d (CR)（LF）
DIN(CR) Return NET totalizer ±dddddddE±d (CR)（LF）
DID(CR) Return Identification Number (IDN) ddddd (CR)（LF）
DL(CR) Return signal strength and signal quality S=ddd,ddd Q=dd (CR)(LF)
DT(CR) Return the current date and time yy-mm-ddhh:mm:ss (CR)(LF)
M@(CR)*** Send a key value as if a key is pressed

LCD(CR) Return the current display contents
FOdddd(CR) Force the FO output to output a frequency

of dddd Hz

ESN(CR) Return the ESN of the flowmeter Dddddddd (CR)(LF)
RING(CR) Handshaking Request from a MODEM

OK(CR) Acknowledgement from a MODEM No action
GA Command for GSM messaging Please contact the manufacturer

for detail

GB Command for GSM messaging
GC Command for GSM messaging
DUMP(CR) Return the print buffer content In ASCII string format

DUMP0(CR) Clear the whole print buffer In ASCII string format
DUMP1(CR) Return the whole print buffer content In ASCII string Format, 24KB

in length

Ｗ Prefix of an IDN-addressing-based

networking command. The IDN address is
a word, ranging 0-65534.

N Prefix of an IDN-addressing-based

networking command. The IDN address
here is a single byte value, ranging 00-255.

Not recommend for use.

P Prefix of any command with checksum

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 35 -

& Command binder to make a longer

command by combining up to 6 commands

Notes * CR stands for Carriage Return and LF for Line Feed.
** ‘d’ stands for a digit number of 0~9.
*** @ stands for the key value, e.g., 30H for the value of ASCII key ‘0’.

§6.6 Protocol Prefix Usage

(1) Prefix P
The prefix P can be added before any command in the above table to have the returning data
followed with two bytes of CRC check sum, which is the adding sum of the original character
string.
Take the Return POS Totalizer Value command, DI+(CR), as an example. Assume that DI+(CR)
would return +1234567E+0m3(CR)(LF)( the string in hexadecimal is 2BH, 31H, 32H, 33H, 34H,
35H, 36H, 37H, 45H, 2BH, 30H, 6DH, 33H, 20H, 0DH, 0AH) , then PDI(CR) would return
+1234567E+0m3!F7(CR)(LF). The‘!’ acts as the starter of the check sum (F7) which is obtained by
adding up the string 2BH, 31H, 32H, 33H, 34H, 35H, 36H, 37H, 45H, 2BH, 30H, 6DH, 33H, 20H.

Please note that it is allowed to not have data entry or to have SPACES (20H) character before the
‘!’ character.

(2) Prefix W
The prefix W is used for networking commands. The format of a networking command is:
W + IDN address string + basic command.
The IDN address should have a value between 0 and 65534, except 13(0DH), 10 (0AH),
42(2AH,*), 38(26H, &).
For example, if we want to visit the instantaneous flow velocity of device IDN=12345, the
following command should be sent to this device: W12345DV(CR). The corresponding binary code
is 57H, 31H, 32H, 33H, 34H, 35H, 44H, 56H, 0DH.

(3) Prefix N
The prefix N is a single byte IDN network address, not recommended in a new design.

(4) Command binder &

The & command binder or connector can connect up to 6 basic commands to form a longer
command so that it will make the programming much easier.
For example, assume we want device IDN=4321 to return the flow rate, velocity and POS totalizer
value simultaneously. The combined command would be W4321DQD&DV&DI+(CR), and the
result would be:
+1.234567E+12m3/d(CR)
+3.1235926E+00m/s(CR)
+1234567E+0m3(CR)

- 36 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

§6.7The M command and the ASCII Codes

The protocol provides the capability of virtual key-pressing. A remote RS-232C terminal can send
an ‘M’ command along with a key code to simulate the scenario that the key is pressed through the
keypad of the flowmeter. This functionality allows the user to operate the flowmeter in the office
far away from the testing site.
For example, the command “M1” is sent to the flowmeter through the RS-232C link, the flowmeter
will treat the command as if the user has pressed the 1 key through the keypad.
The ASCII codes and corresponding key values of the keypad keys are listed in the following table.

Key

Hexadecimal

Key code

Decimal

Key code

ASCII

Code

Key

Hexadecimal

Key code

Decimal

Key code

ASCII

Code

0 30H 48 0 8 38H 56 8

1 31H

49

1 9

39H

57 9

2 32H 50 2 . 3AH 58 :

3 33H 51 3 ◄ 3BH,0BH 59 ;

4 34H

52

4 MENU 3CH,0CH 60 <

5 35H 53 5 ENT 3DH,0DH 61 =

6 36H 54 6 ▲/+ 3EH 62 >

7 37H 55 7 ▼/- 3FH 63 ?

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 37 -

7. Warranty and Service

§7.1 Warranty

The products manufactured by Spire Metering are warranted to be free from defects in materials
and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to the original purchaser. Spire
Metering’s obligation should be limited to restoring the meter to normal operation or replacing the
meter, at Spire Metering’s choice, and shall be conditioned upon receiving written notice of any
alleged defect within 10 days after its discovery. Spire Metering will determine if the return of the
meter is necessary. If it is, the user should be responsible for the one-way shipping fee from the
customer to the manufacturer.

Spire Metering is not liable to any defects or damage attributable to misusage, improper
installation, out-of-spec operating conditions, replacement of unauthorized parts and acts of nature.
Additionally, fuses and batteries are not part of this warranty.

THE FOREGOING WARANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED WARRANTIES (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND WARRANTIES
ARISING FROM DEALING, TRADE OR USAGE.)

§7.2 Service

The manufacturer provides instrument installation for its customers, and the charge will depend on
the complexity of the installation.

For operational problems, please contact the technical support department by telephone, fax, email
or internet. In most cases, problems could be solved immediately.

For any hardware failure of the instrument, we recommend our customers to send back the
instrument for service. Please contact the technical support department with the model number and
serial number of the unit before sending the unit back to us. Both numbers can be found on the
product label. For each service or calibration request, we will issue a Return Materials
Authorization (RMA) number. Take notice that the cost for repairing can only be determined after receipt and inspection of the
instrument. A quotation will be sent to the customer before proceeding with the service.

Important Notice for Product Return

Before returning the instrument for warranty repair or service, please read the following carefully:

1. If the return item has been exposed to nuclear or other radioactive environment, or has been in
contact with hazardous material which could pose any danger to our personnel, the unit cannot be
serviced.

2. If the return item has been exposed to or in contact with dangerous materials, but has been

- 38 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

as hazard-free device by a recognized organization, you are required to supply the certification for
service.

3. If the return item does not have a RMA# associated, it will be sent back without any service
conducted.

§7.3 Software Upgrade Service

We provide free-of-charge software upgrade services. Please contact the manufacturer for the
software upgrade information. You may also go to our technical support website at

http://www.spiremt.com/support/rh20.html for the latest downloads.

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 39 -

8. Appendix

§8.1 Battery Maintenance and Replacement

The battery is Ni-H rechargeable battery. Therefore, it is recommended to discharge the battery by
leaving the instrument ON (it will automatically turn OFF after a few minutes) every 3 months.
Recharge the battery again to its full extent with the supplied AC adapter. To get close to 100%
power, charge the device overnight

When the battery is unable to power the instrument for 2 to 3 hours after it is fully recharged, this
usually indicates that the battery is near its product life and needs to be replaced. Please consult the
manufacturer for replacing the battery pack.

§8.2 Transducer Installation Guide

§8.2.1 Find the mounting site

(A) Pipe must be full of liquids at the measurement site.
(B) No heavy corrosion of deposition inside of the pipe.
(C) Must be a safe location.
(D) The straight run of the pipe must not be shorter than 15D as a general guideline, where D
is the pipe diameter. Insufficient straight pipe length will degrade the accuracy of the results.
(E) The transducer mounting site should be 10D straight run upstream and 5D straight run
downstream
(F) If there are flow disturbing parts such as pumps, valves, etc. on the upstream, the straight
pipe length should be increased. The disturbance strength of those flow conducting parts will
be (low to high):

Single Bend -> Pipe Reduction / Enlargement -> Outflow Tee -> Same Plane Multiple Bends

-> Inflow Tee -> Out of Plane Multiple Bends -> Valve -> Pump

- 40 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

§8.2.2 Prepare the Pipe Surface

Clean the pipe surface where the transducers will be mounted. Remove rust and paint. Sand
the surface if not smooth. Use wet cloth to wipe off the powder after sanding. Dry up the
surface. A dry, clean surface will ensure a good acoustic bond between the transducer and the
pipe.

§8.2.3Prepare the Tr ansducer

Clean the transducer surface. Keep the
surface dry.
Put couplant on transducer surface as
shown in the right figure. Do not put
couplant more than necessary, especially
for small pipes.

§8.2.4 Install the Transducers

For horizontal pipe lines, it is recommended to install the transducers on the side instead of
on the top or bottom of the pipe. This is to avoid air bubbles on the top and sediments on the
bottom of the pipe.

HS-type transducer:

Connect the transducer cables to the main unit.
Move the transducer pair apart so that the mounting spacing between the two transducers is
equal to the one shown in menu M25.
Apply a small amount of couplant in the prepared area of the pipe where transducers will be
in contact.
Align the transducer mounting rack with the pipe axis.
Release the transducer rack if magnetic force takes effect.
If the pipe is a non-metal pipe, just push the transducer handle against the pipe and hold it
during the measurement. You may also use clamps or metal strips to mount the rack.

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 41 -

For pipe size 1”~1.5” metal pipe, we recommend you to put damping material, such as
GraceIce, around the pipe surface.

If wrapping acoustic damping material is not an option, try to put some acoustic couplant
around the pipe to absorb acoustic noise.

HM-type transducer:

Connect the transducer cables to the main unit. Move the transducer pair apart so that the
mounting spacing between the two transducers is equal to the one shown in menu M25. Then
follow the same steps as installing HS transducers, applying couplant as necessary.

Transducer Spacing for HS Transducer

Transducer window

Damping material (GraceIce)

Transducer Spacing

- 42 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

§8.3 Pipe Size Tables

Table A1: Standard copper tubes according ASTM B88.

Nominal

Size

(inches)

Actual Outside

Diameter

(inches)

Tolerance on Outside

Diameter

(inches)

Wall Thickness

(inches)

Annealed Drawn Nominal Tolerance

Type K

3/4 7/8 0.875 0.003 0.001 0.065 0.006

1 1 1/8 1.125 0.0035 0.0015 0.065 0.006

1 1/4 1 3/8 1.375 0.004 0.0015 0.065 0.006

1 1/2 1 5/8 1.625 0.0045 0.002 0.072 0.007

2 2 1/8 2.125 0.005 0.002 0.083 0.008

2 1/2 2 5/8 2.625 0.005 0.002 0.095 0.010

3 3 1/8 3.125 0.005 0.002 0.109 0.011

3 1/2 3 5/8 3.625 0.005 0.002 0.120 0.012

4 4 1/8 4.125 0.005 0.002 0.134 0.013

Type L

3/4 7/8 0.875 0.003 0.001 0.045 0.004

1 1 1/8 1.125 0.0035 0.0015 0.050 0.005

1 1/4 1 3/8 1.375 0.004 0.0015 0.055 0.006

1 1/2 1 5/8 1.625 0.0045 0.002 0.060 0.006

2 2 1/8 2.125 0.005 0.002 0.070 0.007

2 1/2 2 5/8 2.625 0.005 0.002 0.080 0.008

3 3 1/8 3.125 0.005 0.002 0.090 0.009

3 1/2 3 5/8 3.625 0.005 0.002 0.100 0.010

4 4 1/8 4.125 0.005 0.002 0.114 0.011

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 43 -

Table A2: Standard ANSI Pipe Size Data for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Pipe

Type M

3/4 7/8 0.875 0.003 0.001 0.032 0.003

1 1 1/8 1.125 0.0035 0.0015 0.035 0.004

1 1/4 1 3/8 1.375 0.004 0.0015 0.042 0.004

1 1/2 1 5/8 1.625 0.0045 0.002 0.049 0.005

2 2 1/8 2.125 0.005 0.002 0.058 0.006

2 1/2 2 5/8 2.625 0.005 0.002 0.065 0.006

3 3 1/8 3.125 0.005 0.002 0.072 0.007

3 1/2 3 5/8 3.625 0.005 0.002 0.083 0.008

4 4 1/8 4.125 0.005 0.002 0.095 0.010

Nominal

Pipe Size

(in)

Outer

Diameter

(in)

Wall

Thickness

(in)

ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.19

Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel

Wal l

Thickness

Schedule

Number

Schedule

Number

1/8 0.405

0.049 - - 10S

0.068 STD 40 40S

0.095 XS 80 80S

1/4 0.540

0.065 - - 10S

0.088 STD 40 40S

0.119 XS 80 80S

3/8 0.675

0.065 - - 10S

0.091 STD 40 40S

0.126 XS 80 80S

1/2 0.840

0.065 - - 5S

0.083 - - 10S

0.109 STD 40 40S

0.147 XS 80 80S

0.187 - 160 -

0.294 XXS - -

- 44 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Table A2 (continued): Standard ANSI Pipe Size Data for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Pipe

Nominal
Pipe Size

(in)

Outer

Diameter

(in)

Wall

Thickness

(in)

ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.19

Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel

Wall

Thickness

Schedule

Number

Schedule

Number

3/4 1.050

0.065 - - 5S

0.083 - - 10S

0.113 STD 40 40S

0.154 XS 80 80S

0.218 - 160 -

0.308 XXS - -

1 1.315

0.065 - - 5S

0.109 - - 10S

0.133 STD 40 40S

0.179 XS 80 80S

0.250 - 160 -

0.358 XXS - -

11/4 1.660

0.065 - - 5S

0.109 - - 10S

0.140 STD 40 40S

0.191 XS 80 80S

0.250 - 160 -

0.382 XXS - -

11/2 1.900

0.065 - - 5S

0.109 - - 10S

0.145 STD 40 40S

0.200 XS 80 80S

0.281 - 160 -

0.400 XXS - -

2 2.375

0.065 － － 5S

0.109 － － 10S

0.154 STD 40 40S

0.218 XS 80 80S

0.344 － 160 －

0.436 XXS － －

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 45 -

Table A2 (continued): Standard ANSI Pipe Size Data for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Pipe

Nominal
Pipe Size

(in)

Outer

Diameter

(in)

Wall

Thickness

(in)

ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.19

Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel

Wal l

Thickness

Schedule

Number

Schedule

Number

2 1／2 2.875

0.083 － － 5S

0.120 － － 10S

0.203 STD 40 40S

0.276 XS 80 80S

0.375 － 160 －

0.552 XXS － －

3 3.500

0.083 － － 5S

0.120 － － 10S

0.216 STD 40 40S

0.300 XS 80 80S

0.438 － 160 －

0.600 XXS － －

3 1／2 4.000

0.083 - － 5S

0.120 - － 10S

0.226 STD 40 40S

0.318 XS 80 80S

0.636 XXS － －

4 4.500

0.083 - － 5S

0.120 - － 10S

0.237 STD 40 40S

0.337 XS 80 80S

0.438 - 120 －

0.531 - 160 －

0.674 XXS － －

5 5.536

0.109 - － 5S

0.134 - － 10S

0.258 STD 40 40S

0.375 XS 80 80S

0.500 - 120 －

0.625 - 160 －

0.750 XXS － －

- 46 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Table A2 (continued): Standard ANSI Pipe Size Data for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Pipe

Nominal

Pipe Size

(in)

Outer

Diameter

(in)

Wall

Thickness

(in)

ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.19

Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel

Wall

Thickness

Schedule

Number

Schedule

Number

6 6.625

0.109 - - 5S

0.134 - - 10S

0.280 STD 40 40S

0.432 XS 80 80S

0.562 - 120 -

0.719 - 160 -

0.864 XXS - -

8 8.625

0.109 - - 5S

0.148 - - 10S

0.250 - 20 -

0.277 - 30 -

0.322 STD 40 40S

0.406 - 60 -

0.500 XS 80 80S

0.594 - 100 -

0.719 - 120 -

0.812 - 140 -

0.875 XXS - -

0.906 - 160 -

10 10.750

0.134 - - 5S

0.165 - - 10S

0.250 - 20 -

0.307 - 30 -

0.365 STD 40 40S

0.500 XS 60 80S

0.594 - 80 -

0.719 - 100 -

0.844 - 120 -

1.000 XXS 140 -

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 47 -

Table A2 (continued): Standard ANSI Pipe Size Data for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Pipe

Nominal

Pipe Size

(in)

Outer

Diameter

(in)

Wall

Thickness

(in)

ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.19

Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel

Wall

Thickness

Schedule

Number

Schedule

Number

12 12.750

0.156 - - 5S

0.180 - - 10S

0.250 - 20 -

0.330 - 30 -

0.375 STD - 40S

0.406 - 40 -

0.500 XS - 80S

0.562 - 60 -

0.688 - 80 -

0.844 - 100 -

1.000 XXS 120 -

1.125 - 140 -

1.312 - 160 -

14 14.000

0.156 - - 5S

0.188 - - 10S

0.250 - 10 -

0.312 - 20 -

0.375 STD 30 -

0.438 - 40 -

0.500 XS - -

0.594 - 60 -

0.625 XXS - -

0.750 - 80 -

0.938 - 100 -

1.094 - 120 -

1.250 - 140 -

1.406 - 160 -

- 48 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Table A2 (continued): Standard ANSI Pipe Size Data for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Pipe

Nominal

Pipe Size

(in)

Outer

Diameter

(in)

Wall

Thickness

(in)

ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.19

Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel

Wal l

Thickness

Schedule

Number

Schedule

Number

16 16.000

0.165 - - 5S

0.188 - - 10S

0.250 - 10 -

0.312 - 20 -

0.375 STD 30 -

0.500 XS 40 -

0.656 - 60 -

0.844 - 80 -

1.031 - 100 -

1.219 - 120 -

1.439 - 140 -

1.549- - 160 -

18 18.000

0.165 - - 5S

0.188 - - 10S

0.250 - 10 -

0.312 - 20 -

0.375 STD - -

0.438 - 30 -

0.500 XS - -

0.562 - 40 -

0.750 - 60 -

0.938 - 80 -

1.156 - 100 -

1.375 - 120 -

1.562 - 140 -

1.781 - 160 -

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 49 -

Table A2 (continued): Standard ANSI Pipe Size Data for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Pipe

Nominal

Pipe Size

(in)

Outer

Diameter

(in)

Wall

Thickness

(in)

ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.19

Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel

Wall

Thickness

Schedule

Number

Schedule

Number

20 20.000

0.188 - - 5S

0.218 - - 10S

0.250 - 10 -

0.375 STD 20 -

0.500 XS 30 -

0.594 - 40 -

0.812 - 60 -

1.031 - 80 -

1.281 - 100 -

1.500 - 120 -

1.750 - 140 -

1.969 - 160 -

22 22.000

0.188 - - 5S

0.218 - - 10S

0.250 - 10 -

0.375 STD 20 -

0.500 - 40 -

0.875 - 60 -

1.125 - 80 -

1.375 - 100 -

1.625 - 120 -

1.875 - 140 -

2.215 - 160 -

- 50 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Table A2 (continued): Standard ANSI Pipe Size Data for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Pipe

Nominal

Pipe Size

(in)

Outer

Diameter

(in)

Wall

Thickness

(in)

ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.19

Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel

Wall

Thickness

Schedule

Number

Schedule

Number

24 24.000

0.218 - - 5S

0.250 - - 10S

0.375 - 10 -

0.500 STD 20 -

0.562 XS - -

0.688 - 30 -

0.969 - 60 -

1.219 - 80 -

1.531 - 100 -

1.812 - 120 -

2.062 - 140 -

2.344 - 160 -

26 26.000

0.312 - 10

0.375 STD -

0.500 XS 20

28 28.000

0.312 - 10

0.375 STD -

0.500 XS 20

0.625 - 30

30 30.000

0.250 - - 5S

0.312 - 10 10S

0.375 STD - -

0.500 XS 20 -

0.625 - 30 -

0.750 - 40 -

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 51 -

Table A2 (continued): Standard ANSI Pipe Size Data for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Pipe

Nominal

Pipe Size

(in)

Outer

Diameter

(in)

Wall

Thickness

(in)

ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.19

Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel

Wall

Thickness

Schedule

Number

Schedule

Number

32 32.000

0.312 - 10 -

0.375 STD - -

0.500 XS 20 -

0.625 - 30 -

0.688 - 40 -

34 34.000

0.344 - 10 10S

0.375 STD - -

0.500 XS 20 -

0.625 - 30 -

0.688 - 40 -

36 36.000

0.312 - 10 10S

0.375 STD - -

0.500 XS 20 -

0.625 - 30 -

0.750 - 40 -

42 42.000

0.375 STD - -

0.500 XS 20 -

0.625 - 30 -

0.750 - 40 -

48 48.000

0.375 STD - -

0.500 XS - -

- 52 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Table A3: Standard Classes of Cast Iron Pipe

Nominal

Pipe Size

(in.)

Class A Class B Class C Class D

Outer

Diameter

(in.)

Wall

Thickness

(in.)

Outer

Diameter

(in.)

Wall

Thickness

(in.)

Outer

Diameter

(in.)

Wall

Thickness

(in.)

Outer

Diameter

(in.)

Wall

Thickness

(in.)

3 3.80 0.39 3.96 0.42 3.96 0.45 3.96 0.48

4 4.80 0.42 5.00 0.45 5.00 0.48 5.00 0.52

6 6.90 0.44 7.10 0.48 7.10 0.51 7.10 0.55

8 9.05 0.46 9.05 0.51 9.30 0.56 9.30 0.60

10 11.10 0.50 11.10 0.57 11.40 0.62 11.40 0.68

12 13.20 0.54 13.20 0.62 13.50 0.68 13.50 0.75

14 15.30 0.57 15.30 0.66 15.65 0.74 15.65 0.82

16 7.40 0.60 17.40 0.70 17.80 0.80 17.80 0.89

18 19.50 0.64 19.50 0.75 19.92 0.87 19.92 0.96

20 21.60 0.67 21.60 0.80 22.06 0.92 22.06 1.03

24 25.80 0.76 25.80 0.89 26.32 1.05 26.32 1.16

30 31.74 0.88 32.00 1.03 32.40 1.20 32.74 1.37

32 37.96 0.99 38.30 1.15 38.70 1.36 39.16 1.58

42 44.20 1.10 44.50 1.28 45.10 1.54 45.58 1.78

48 50.50 1.26 50.80 1.42 51.40 1.71 51.98 1.99

54 56.66 1.35 57.10 1.55 57.80 1.90 58.40 2.23

60 62.80 1.39 63.40 1.67 64.20 2.00 64.82 2.38

72 75.34 1.62 76.00 1.95 76.88 2.39

84 87.54 1.72 88.54 2.22

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 53 -

Table A3 (continued): Standard Classes of Cast Iron Pipe

Nominal

Pipe Size

(in.)

Class E Class F Class G Class H

Outer

Diameter

(in.)

Wall

Thickness

(in.)

Outer

Diameter

(in.)

Wall

Thickness

(in.)

Outer

Diameter

(in.)

Wall

Thickness

(in.)

Outer

Diameter

(in.)

Wall

Thickness

(in.)

3

4

6 7.22 0.58 7.22 0.61 7.38 0.65 7.38 0.69

8 9.42 0.66 9.42 0.66 9.60 0.75 9.60 0.80

10 11.60 0.74 11.60 0.80 11.84 0.86 11.84 0.92

12 13.78 0.82 13.78 0.89 14.08 0.97 14.08 1.04

14 15.98 0.90 15.98 0.99 16.32 1.07 16.32 1.16

16 18.16 0.90 18.16 1.08 18.54 1.18 18.54 1.27

18 20.34 1.07 20.34 1.17 20.78 1.28 20.78 1.39

20 22.54 1.15 22.54 1.27 23.02 1.39 23.02 1.51

24 26.90 1.31 26.90 1.45 27.76 1.75 27.76 1.88

30 33.10 1.55 33.46 1.73

32 39.60 1.80 40.04 2.02

42

48

54

60

72

84

- 54 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Table A4: Standard Classes of Ductile Iron Pipe

N

ominal Pipe

Size

(in)

Outer

Diameter

(in)

Pipe Wall Thickness (in)

Class 50 Class 51 Class 52 Class 53 Class 54Class 55 Class 56

3 3.96 0.25 0.28 0.31 0.43 0.37 0.40

4 4.80 0.26 0.29 0.32 0.35 0.38 0.41

6 6.90 0.25 0.28 0.31 0.34 0.37 0.40 0.43

8 9.05 0.27 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.39 0.42 0.45

10 11.10 0.29 0.32 0.35 0.38 0.44 0.47

12 13.20 0.31 0.34 0.37 0.40 0.43 0.46 0.49

14 15.30 0.33 0.36 0.39 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.51

16 17.40 0.34 0.37 0.40 0.43 0.46 0.49 0.52

18 19.50 0.35 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.47 0.50 0.53

20 21.60 0.36 0.39 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.51 0.54

24 25.80 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.47 0.50 0.53 0.56

30 32.00 0.51 0.55 0.59 0.63

32 38.30 0.58 0.63 0.68 0.73

42 44.50 0.65 0.71 0.77 0.83

48 50.80 0.72 0.79 0.86 0.93

54 57.10 0.81 0.89 0.97 1.05

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 55 -

§8.4 Sound Speed Tables

Table A5: Sound Speed Data of Solids

Material

Sound Speed

Shear Wave（25 ºC)

Sound Speed

Long. Wave（25ºC)

m/s ft/s mm/us in/us

Steel, 1% Carbon, hardened 3,150 10,335 5.88 0.2315

Carbon Steel 3,230 10,598 5.89 0.2319

Mild Steel 3,235 10,614 5.89 0.2319

Steel,1% Carbon 3,220 10,565

302 Stainless Steel 3,120 10,236 5.690 0.224

303 Stainless Steel 3,120 10,236 5.640 0.222

304 Stainless Steel 3,141 10,306 5.920 0.233

304L Stainless Steel 3,070 10,073 5.790 0.228

316 Stainless Steel 3,272 10,735 5.720 0.225

347 Stainless Steel 3,095 10,512 5.720 0.225

Aluminum 3,100 10,171 6.32 0.2488

Aluminum（rolled） 3,040 9,974

Copper 2,260 7,415 4.66 0.1835

Copper（annealed） 2,235 7,628

Copper（rolled） 2,270 7,448

CuNi（70%Cu 30%Ni） 2,540 8,334 5.03 0.1980

CuNi（90%Cu 10%Ni） 2,060 6,759 4.01 0.1579

Brass（Naval） 2,120 6,923 4.43 0.1744

Gold（hard-drawn） 1,200 3,937 3.24 0.1276

Inconel 3,020 9,909 5.82 0.2291

Iron（electrolytic） 3,240 10,630 5.90 0.2323

- 56 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Table A5 (continued): Sound Speeds in Solids

Material

Sound Speed*

Shear Wave（25ºC）

Sound Speed*

Long.Wave（25ºC）

m/s ft/s mm/us in/us

Iron（Armco） 3,240 10,630 5.90 0.2323

Ductile Iron 3,000 9,843

Cast Iron 2,500 8,203 4.55 0.1791

Monel 2,720 8,924 5.35 0.2106

Nickel 2,960 9,712 5.63 0.2217

Tin,rolled 1,670 5,479 3.32 0.1307

Tintanium 3,125 10,253 6.10 0.2402

Tungsten,annealed 2,890 9,482 5.18 0.2039

Tungsten,drawn 2,640 8,661

Tungsten,carbide 3,980 13,058

Zinc,rolled 2,440 8,005 4.17 0.1642

Glass,Pyrex 3,280 10,761 5.61 0.2209

Glass,heavy silicate flint 2,380 7,808

Glass,Iight borate crown 2,840 9,318 5.26 0.2071

Nylon 1,150 3,772 2.40 0.0945

Nylon,6-6 1,070 3,510

Polyethylene（LD） 2.31 0.0909

Polyethylene（LD） 540 1,772 1.94 0.0764

PVC,CPVC 1,060 3,477 2.40 0.0945

Acrylic 1,430 4,690 2.73 0.1075

Asbestos Cement 2.20 0.0866

Tar Epoxy 2.00 0.0787

Mortar 2.50 0.0984

Rubber 1.90 0.00748

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 57 -

Table A6: Sound Speed in Water at atmosphere pressure. Unit：t (ºC) v (m/s)

t v t v t v t v
0 1402.3 25 1496.6 50 1542.5 75 1555.1
1 1407.3 26 1499.2 51 1543.5 76 1555.0
2

1412.2

27 1501.8 52 1544.6 77 1554.9

3 1416.9 28 1504.3 53 1545.5 78 1554.8
4

1421.6

29 1506.7 54 1546.4 79 1554.6

5 1426.1 30 1509.0 55 1547.3 80 1554.4
6 1430.5 31 1511.3 56 1548.1 81 1554.2
7 1434.8 32 1513.5 57 1548.9 82 1553.9
8 1439.1 33 1515.7 58 1549.6 83 1553.6

9 1443.2 34 1517.7 59 1550.3 84 1553.2
10 1447.2 35 1519.7 60 1550.9 85 1552.8
11 1451.1 36 1521.7 61 1551.5 86 1552.4
12 1454.9 37 1523.5 62 1552.0 87 1552.0
13 1458.7 38 1525.3 63 1552.5 88 1551.5
14 1462.3 39 1527.1 64 1553.0 89 1551.0
15 1465.8 40 1528.8 65 1553.4 90 1550.4
16 1469.3 41 1530.4 66 1553.7 91 1549.8
17 1472.7 42 1532.0 67 1554.0 92 1549.2
18 1476.0 43 1533.5 68 1554.3 93 1548.5
19 1479.1 44 1534.9 69 1554.5 94 1547.5
20 1482.3 45

1536.3

70 1554.7 95 1547.1

21 1485.3 46

1537.7

71 1554.9 96 1546.3

22 1488.2 47 1538.9

72

1555.0 97 1545.6

23 1491.1 48

1540.2 73

1555.0 98 1544.7

24 1493.9 49 1541.3 74 1555.1 99 1543.9

- 58 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Table A7: Sound Speed of Liquids

Substance

Chemical

Formula

All data given at 25ºC (77 F) unless otherwise noted.

Specific

Gravity

Sound Speed

∆v/ºC

Kinematic

Viscosity×10-6

m/s ft/s

m/s/ºC m2/s ft2/s

Acetic anhydride(22) (CH3CO)2O

1.082

(20ºC)

1,180 3,871.4

2.5 0.769

8.274

Acetic acid,anhydride(22) (CH3CO)2O

1.082

(20ºC)

1,180

3,871.4 2.5 0.769 8.274

Acetic acid,nitrile C2H3 N 0.783 1,290 4,232.3 4.1 0.441 4.745

Acetic acid,ethyl ester(33) C4H8 O2 0.901 1,085 3,559.7 4.4 0.467 5.025

Acetic acid,methyl ester

C3H6O2

0.934 1,211 3,973.1 0.407 4.379

Acetone C3H6O 0.791 1,174 3,851.7 4.5 0.399 4.293

Acetonitrile C2H3N 0.783 1,290 4,232.3 4.1 0.441 4.745

Acetonylacetone C6H10O2 0.729 1,399 4,589.9 3.6

Acetylen dichloride C2H2CL2 1.26 1,015 3,330.1 3.8 0.400 4.304
Acetylentetrabromide(47)

C2H2Br4

2.966 1,027 3,369.4

Acetylen tetrachloride(47) C2H2CL4 1.595 1,147 3,763.1

1.156

(

15ºC

)

12.438

(

59ºF)

Alcohol C2H6O 0.789 1,207 3,960 4.0 1.396 15.02

Alkazene-13 C15H24 0.86 1,317 4,320.9 3.9

Alkazene-25 C10H12CL21.20 1,307 4.288.1 3.4

2-Amino-ethanol C2H7NO 1.018 1,724 5,656.2 3.4

2-Aminotolidine(46) C7H9N

0.999

(20ºC)

1,618 5,308.4

4.394

(20ºC)

47.279
(68ºF)

4-Aminotolidine(46) C7H9N

0.999

(45ºC)

1,480 4,855.6

1.863

(50ºC)

20.045

(122ºF)

Ammonia(35) NH3 0.771

1,729

(-33ºC)

5,672.6

(-27ºF)

6.68

0.292

(-33ºC)

3.141

(-27ºF)

Amorphous Polyolefin 0.98

962.6

(

190ºC

)

3158.2

(

374ºF

)

26,600 286.000

t-Amyl alcohol C5H12O 0.81 1,204 3,950.1

4.374

47.064

Aminobenzene(41) C6H5NO2 1.022 1,639 5,377.3 4.0 3.63 39.058

Aniline(41) C6H5NO2 1.022 1,639 5,377.3 4.0 3.63 39.058

Argon(45) Ar

1.400

(-188ºC)

853

(-188ºC)

2798.6(­306ºF)

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 59 -

Table A7 (continued): Sound Speed of Liquids

Substance

Chemical

Formula

A

ll data given at 25º

C

(77ºF)

unless otherwise noted.

Specific
Gravity

Sound Speed

∆v/ºC

Kinematic

Viscosity×10-6

m/s ft/s

m/s/ºC m2/s

ft2/s

Azine C6H5N 0.982 1,415 4,642.4 4.1

0.992

(20ºC)

10.673
(68ºF)

Benzene(29,40,41) C6H6 0.879 1,306 4,284.8 4.65 0.711 7.65

Benzol(29,40,41) C6H6 0.879 1,306 4,284.8 4.65 0.711 7.65

Bromine(21) Br2 2.928 889 2,916.7 3.0 0.323 3.475

Bromo-benzene(46) C6H5Br 1.522

1,170

(20ºC)

3,838.6

(68ºF)

0.693 7.456

1-Bromo-butane(46) C4H9Br

1.276

(20ºC)

1,019

(20ºC)

3,343.2

(68ºF)

0.49

(15ºC)

5.272

(59ºF)

Bromo-ethane(46) C2H5Br

1.460

(20ºC)

900

(20ºC)

2,952.8

(68ºF)

0.275 2.959

Bromoform(46,47) CHBr3

2.89

(20ºC)

918 3,011.8 3.1 0.654 7.037

n-Butane(2) C4H10

0.601
(0ºC)

1,085

(-5ºC)

3,559.7

(23ºF)

5.8

2-Butanol C4H10O 0.81 1,240 4,068.2 3.3 3.239 34.851

Sec-Butylalcohol C4H10O 0.81 1,240 4,068.2 3.3 3.239 34.851

n-Butyl bromide(46) C4H9Br

1.276

(20ºC)

1,019

(20ºC)

3,343.2

(68ºF)

0.49

(15ºC)

5.272

(59ºF)

n-Butyl chloride(22,46) C4H9CL 0.887 1,140 3,740.2 4.57

0.529

(15ºC)

5.692

(59ºF)

Tert Butyl chloride C4H9CL 0.84 984 3,228.3 4.2 0.646 6.95

Butyl oleate C22H42O

2

1,404 4,606.3 3.0

2,3 Butylene glycol C4H10O2 1.019 1,484 4,808.8 1.51

Cadmium(7) CD

2,237.7
(400ºC)

7,341.5
(752ºF)

1.355cp
(440ºC)

14.579

(824ºF)

Carbinol(40,41) CH4O

0.791

(20ºC)

1,076 3,530.2 2.92 0.695 7.478

Carbitol C6H14O3 0.988 1,458 4,783.5

Carbon dioxide(26)

CO2

1.101

(-37ºC)

839

(-37ºC)

2,752.6

(-35ºF)

7.71

0.137

(-37ºC)

1.474

(-35ºF)

Carbon disulphide

CS2

1.261

(22ºC)

1,149 3,769.7 0.278 2.991

- 60 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Table A7 (continued): Sound Speed of Liquids

Substance

Chemical

Formula

A

ll data given at 25º

C

(77ºF)

unless otherwise noted.

Specific

Gravity

Sound Speed ∆v/ºC

Kinematic

Viscosity×10-6

m/s ft/s

m/s/ºC m2/s ft2/s

Carbon tetrachloride
(33,35,47)

CCL4

1.595

(20ºC)

929 3038.1 2.48 0.607 6.531

Carbon
tetrafluoride(14)
(Freon 14)

CF4

1.75

(-150ºC)

875.2

(-150ºC)

2,871.5
(-238ºF)

6.61

Cetane(23) C16H34

0.773

(20ºC)

1,338 4,389.8 3.71 4.32 46.483

Chloro-benezene C6H5CL 1.106 1,273 4,176.5 3.6 0.722 7.768

1-Chloro-butane(22,46) C4H9CL 0.887 1,140 3,740.2 4.57

0.529

(15ºC)

5.692
(59ºF)

Chloro-diFluoromethane
(3)(Freon 22)

CHCLF2

1.491

(-69ºC)

893.9

(-50ºC)

2,932.7
(-58ºF)

4.79

Chloroform(47) CHCL3 1.489 979 3,211.9 3.4 0.55 5.918

1-Chloro-propane(47) C3H7CL 0.892 1,058 3,471.1 0.378 4.067

Chlorotrifluoromethane
(5)

CCLF3

724

(-82ºC)

2,375.3

(-116ºF)

5.26

Cinnamaldehyde C9H8O 1.112 1,554 5,098.4 3.2

Cinnamic aldehyde

C9H8O

1.112 1,554 5,098.4 3.2

Colamine C2H7NO 1.018 1,724 5,656.2 3.4

o-Cresol(46)

C7H8O

1.047

(20ºC)

1,541

(20ºC)

5,055.8

(68ºF)

4.29

(40ºC)

46.16

(104ºF)

m-Cresol(46) C7H8O

1.034

(20ºC)

1,500

(20ºC)

4,923.1

(68ºF)

5.979

(40ºC)

64.334

(104ºF)

Cyanomethane C2H3N 0.783 1,290 4,232.3 4.1 0.441 4.745

Cyclohexane(15) C6H12

0.779

(20ºC)

1,248 4,094.5 5.41

1.31

(17ºC)

14.095
(63ºF)

Cyclohexanol C6H12O 0.962 1,454 4,770.3 3.6

0.071

(17ºC)

0.764
(63ºF)

Cyclohexanone

C6H10O

0.948 1,423 4,668.6 4.0

Decane(46) C10H20 0.730 1,252 4,107.6

1.26

(20ºC)

13.55
(68ºF)

1-Decene(27) C10H20 0.746 1,235 4,051.8 4.0

n-Decene(27) C10H20 0.746 1,235 4,051.8 4.0

Diacetyl C4H6O 0.99

1,236

4,055.1 4.6

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 61 -

Table A7 (continued): Sound Speed of Liquids

Substance

Chemical

Formula

A

ll data given at 25º

C

(77ºF)

unless otherwise noted.

Specific
Gravity

Sound Speed ∆v/ºC

Kinematic

Vis co si ty×1

0

-6

m/s ft/s

m/s/ºC m2/s ft2/s

Diamylamine C10H23N

1.256 4,120.7 3.9

8.5

(68°F)

1,2Dibromo-ethane(47) C2H4Br2

2.18

995 3,264.4

0.79

(20ºC)

trans-1,2-Dibromoethene
(47)

C2H2Br2 2.231 935 3,067.6

Diburtylphthalate C8H22O4 1,408 4,619.4

Dichloro-t-butylalcohol C4H8Cl2O 1,304 4,278.2

3.8

2,3Dichlorodioxane C2H6Cl2O

2

1,391 4,563.6

3.7

Dichloeodifluoromethane
(3)(Freon12)

CCl

2F2

1.516

(40ºC)

774.1 2,539.7

4.24

1,2Dichloro ethane(47) C2H2Cl2 1.253 1,193 3,914 0.61 6.563

cis1,2-Dichloro-ethene
(3,47)

CHCl

2

F 1.284 1,061 3,481

trans1,2-Dichloro-ethene
(3,47)

C4Cl2F6 1.257 1,010 3,313.6

Dichloro-fluoromethane
(3)(Freon21)

C4H8Cl2

1.426
(0ºC)

891

(0ºC)

2,923.2

(32°F)

3.97

1-2-Dichlorohexafluoro­cyclobutane(47)

CClF

2

-CClF21.654 669 2,914.9

1-3-Dichloro-isobutane C4H10O 1.14 1,220 4,002.6

3.4

Dichloro methane(3) C4H10O3 1.327 1,070 3,510.5

3.94

0.31 3.335

1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2
tetra fluoromethane

C6H14O3 1.455

665.3

(-10ºC)

2,182.7

(14°F)

3.73

Diethyl ether C4H9NO 0.713 985 3,231.6

4.87

0.311 3.346

Diethylene glycol C4H8(NF2)21.116 1,586 5,203.4

2.4

Diethylene glycol
Monoethyl ether

C4H9(NF2)20.988 1,458 4,783.5

Diethylenmide oxide C3H6(NF2)21.00 1,442 4,731 3.8

1,2-bis(DiFluoramino)
butane(43)

C10H23N 1.216 1,000 3,280.8

1,2-bis(DiFluoramino)­2-methylpropane(43)

C2H4Br2 1.213 900 2,952.8

1,2-bis(DiFluoramino)
propane(43)

C2H2Br2 1.265 960 3,149.6

- 62 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Table A7 (continued): Sound Speed of Liquids

Substance

Chemical

Formula

All data given at 25ºC(77 º F) unless otherwise noted.

Specific
Gravity

Sound Speed ∆v/ºC

Kinematic

Vis co si ty×1

0

-6

m/s ft/s

m/s/ºC m2/s ft2/s

2,2-bis(Difluoromino
propane(43)

C3H6(NF2)

2

1.254 890

2920

2,2-Dihydroxydiethyl ether C4H10O3 1.116 1,586 5,2034 2.4

Dihydroxyethane C2H6O2 1.113 1,658 5,439.6 2.1

1,3-Dimethyl-benzene(46) C8H10

0.868

(

15ºC

)

1,343

(

20ºC

)

4,406.2

(

68°F

)

0.749

(

15ºC

)

8.059

(

59°F)

1,2-Dimethyl-benzene
(29,46)

C8H10

0.897

(20ºC)

1,331.5 4,368.4 4.1

0.903

(20ºC)

9.716

(68°F)

1,4-Dimethyl-benzene(46) C8H10

1,334

(

20ºC

)

4,376.6

(

68°F

)

0.662 7.123

2,2Dimethyl-butane
(29,33)

C6H14

0.649

(20ºC)

1,079 3,540

Dimethyl ketone C3H6O 0.791 1,174 3,851.7 4.5 0.399 4.293

Dimethylpentane(47) C7H16 0.674 1,063 3,487.5

Dimethylphthalate C8H10O4 1.2 1,463 4,799.9

Diiodo-methane CH2l2 3.235 980 3,215.2

Dioxane C4H8O2 1.033 1,376 4,514.4

Dodecane(23) Cl2H26 0.749 1,279 4,196.2 3.85 1.80

19.368

1,2Ethanediol C2H6O2 1.113 1,658 5,439.6 2.1

Ethanenitrile C2H3N 0.783 1,290 4,232.3 0.441 4.745

Ethanoic anhydride(22) (CH3CO)2O 1.082 1,180 3,871.4 0.769 8.274

Ethanol C2H6O 0.789 1,207 3,690 4.0 1.39 14.956

Ethanol amide C2HNO 1.018

1,338

(20ºC)

5,656.2 3.4

Ethoxyethane C4H100 0.713

900

(

20ºC

)

3,231.6 4.87 0.311 3.346

Ethyl acetate(33) C4H8O2 0.901

876

(

20ºC

)

3,559.7 4.4 0.489 5.263

Ethyl alcohol C2H6O 0.789 890 3,960 4.0 1.396 15.020

Ethyl benzene(46)

C8H10

0.867

(20ºC)

1,586

4,389.8

(68°F)

0.797

(17ºC)

8.575

(63°F)

Ethyl Bromide(46)

C2H5Br

1.456

(20ºC)

1,658

2,952.8

(68°F)

0.275

(20ºC)

2.959

(68°F)

Ethyliodide(46) C2H5l

1.950

(20ºC)

1,343

(20ºC)

2874

(68°F)

0.29 3.12

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 63 -

Table A7 (continued): Sound Speed of Liquids

Substance

Chemical

Formula

All data given at 25ºC(77 º F) unless otherwise noted.

Specific
Gravity

Sound Speed

∆v/ºC

Kinematic

Vis co si ty×1

0

-6

m/s ft/s

m/s/ºC m2/s ft2/s

Ether C4H10O 0.713

985

3231.6 4.87 0.311 3.346

Ethyl ether C4H10O 0.713 985 3231.6

4.87

0.311 3.346

Ethylene bromide(47) C2H4Br2 2.18 995 3264.4 0.79 8.5

Ethylene chloride(47) C2H4Cl2 1.253 1,193 3914 0.61 6.563

Ethylene glycol C2H6O2 1.113 1,658 5439.6 2.1

17.208
(20ºC)

185.158
(68°F)

d-Fenochone C10H16O 0.974 1,320 4330.7 0.22 2.367

d-2-Fenechanone C10H16O 0.974 1,320 4330.7 0.22 2.367

Fluorine F

0.545

(-143º

C

)

403

(-143ºC)

1322.2

(-225°F)

11.3 1

Fluoro-benzene(46) C6H5F

1.024

(20ºC)

1,189 3900.9

0.584

(20ºC)

6.283

(68°F)

Formaldehyde,methylester C2H4O2 0.974 1,127 3697.5 4.02

Formamide CH3NO

1.134

(

20ºC

)

1,622 5321.5 2.2 2.91 31.311

Formic acid,amide CH3NO

1.134

(

20ºC

)

1,622 5321.5 2.91 31.311

Freon R12 774.2 2540

Furfural C5H4O2 1.157 1,444 4737.5 3.7

Furfuryl alcohol C5H6O2 1.135 1,450 4757.5 3.4

Fural C5H4O2 1.157 1,444 4737.5 3.7

2-Furaldehyde C5H4O2 1.157 1,444 4737.5 3.7

2-Furancarboxaldehyde C5H4O2 1.157 1,444 4737.5 3.7

2-Furyl-Methanol C5H6O2 1.135 1,450 4757.2 3.4

GAllium Ga 6.095

2,870

(

30ºC

)

9416

(

86°F

)

Glycerin C3H8O3 1.26 1,904 6246.7 2.2 757.1

Glycerol C3H8O3 1.26 1,904 6246.7 2.2 757.1

Glycol C2H6O2 1.113 1658 5439.6

2.1

8,081.8

36

50%Glycol/50%h2O

1, 578 5 ,1 7 7 8,081.836

- 64 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Table A7 (continued): Sound Speed of Liquids

Substance

Chemical

Formula

All data given at 25ºC(77 º F) unless otherwise noted.

Specific

Gravity

Sound Speed

∆v/ºC

Kinematic

Vis cos ity×10-6

m/s ft/s

m/s/ºC m2/s ft2/s

Helium(45) He4

0.125

(-269ºC)

183

(-269ºC)

600.4

(-452°F)

0.025

269

Heptane(22,23) C7H16

0.684

(20ºC)

1,131

3,710.6

4.25

0.598

(20ºC)

6.434

(68°F)

n-Heptane(29,33) C7H16

0.684

(20ºC)

1,180

3,871.3

4.0

Hexachloro-

Cyclopentadiene(47)

C5Cl6 1.7180 1,150

3,773

Hexadecane(23) C16H34

0.773

(20ºC)

1,338

4,389.8

3.71

4.32

(20ºC)

46.483

(68°F)

Hexalin C6H12O 0.962 1,454

4,770.3

3.6

70.69

(

17ºC

)

760.882

(

63°F)

Hexane(16,22,23) C6H14 0.659 1,112

3,648.3

2.71 0.446 4.798

n-Hexane(29,33) C6H14

0.649

(20ºC)

1,079

3,540

4.53

2,5Hexanedione C6H10O20.729 1,399

4,589.9

3.6

n-Hexanol C6H14O 0.819 1,300

4,265.1

3.8

Hexahydrobenzene(15) C6H12 0.779 1,248

4,094.5

5.41

1.31

(

17ºC

)

14.095

(

63°F)

Hexahydrophenol C6H12O 0 .96 2 1,454

4,770.3

Hexamethylene(15) C6H12 0.779 1,248

4,094.5

1.31

(17ºC)

14.095

(63°F)

Hydrogen(45) H2

0.071

(-256ºC)

1,187

(-256ºC)

3,894.4

(-429°F)

0.003

(-256ºC)

0.032

(-429°F)

2-Hydroxy-toluene(46) C7H8O

1.047

(20ºC)

1.541

(20ºC)

5,055.8

(68°F)

4.29

(40ºC)

46.16

(104°F)

3-Hydroxy-toluene(46) C6H5l

1.034

(20ºC)

1,500

(20ºC)

4,921.3

(68°F)

5.979

(40ºC)

64.334

(104°F)

lodo-benzene(46) C2H5l 1.823

1,114

(20ºC)

3,654.9

(68°F)

0.954

lodo-ethane(46) CH3l

1.950

(20ºC)

876

(20ºC)

2,874

(68°F)

0.29 3.12

lodo-methane C6H12O

2.28

(

20ºC

)

978

3,208.7

0.211 2.27

isobutylacetate(22) He4

1,180

(27ºC)

3,871.4

(81°F)

4.85

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 65 -

Table A7 (continued): Sound Speed of Liquids

Substance

Chemical

Formula

A

ll data given at 25º

C

(77ºF)

unless otherwise noted.

Specific

Gravity

Sound Speed

∆v/ºC

Kinematic

Viscosity×10-6

m/s ft/s

m/s/ºC m2/s ft2/s

lsobutanol C4H10O

0.81

(20ºC)

1,212

3,976.4

lso-Butane

1,219.8 4002

lsopentane(36) C5H12

0.62

(

20ºC

)

980 3,215.2 4.8 0.34

3.658

lsopropano(46) C3H8O

0.758

(

20ºC

)

1,170

(

20ºC

)

3,838.6

(

68°F

)

2.718

29.245

Lsopropyl alcohol(46) C3H8O

0.758

(20ºC)

1,170

(20ºC)

3,838.6

(68°F)

2.718

29.245

Kerosene

0.81 1,324 4,343.8

3.6

Ketohexamethylene C6H10O 0.948 1,423 4,668.6

4.0

Lithium fluoride(42)

LiF

2,485

(900ºC)

8,152.9
(1652°F)

1.29

Mercury(45) Hg 13.594

1,449

(

24ºC

)

4,753.9

(

75°F

)

0.114

1.226

Mesityloxide C6H16O 0.85 1,310 4,297.9

Methane(25,28,38,39) CH4

0.162

(-89ºC)

405

(-89ºC)

1,328.7

(-128°F)

17.5

Methano(40,41) CH4O

0.791

(20ºC)

1,076 3,530.2 2.92 0.695

7.748

Methyl acetate C3H6O2 0.934 1,211 3,973.1

0.407 4.379

o-Methyaniline(46) C7H9N

0.999

(

20ºC

)

1,618 5,308.4

4.394

(

20ºC

)

47.279

(

68°F)

4-Methyaniline(46) C7H9N

0.966

(45ºC)

1,480 4,855.6

1.863

(50ºC)

20.095

(122°F)

Methyl alcohol(40,44) CH4O

0.791

(20ºC)

1,076 3,530.2

2.92

0.695 7.478

Methyl

b

enzene(16,52)

C7H8 0.867

1,328

(

20ºC

)

4,357

(

68°F

)

4.27

0.644 7.144

2-Methyl-butane(36) C5H12

0.62

(

20ºC

)

980 3,215.2

0.34 3.658

Methycarbinol C2H6O 0.789 1,207

3,960

4.0 1.396

Methy­chloroform(47)

C2H3Cl3 1.33 985 3,231.6

0.902

(20ºC)

9.705

(68°F)

Methyl-cyanide C2H3N 0.783 1,290 4,232.3 0.441 4.745

3-Methyl
cyclohexanol

C7H14O 0.92 1,400 4,593.2

- 66 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Table A7 (continued): Sound Speed of Liquids

Substance

Chemical

Formula

All data given at 25ºC(77 º F) unless otherwise noted.

Specific

Gravity

Sound Speed ∆v/ºC

Kinematic

Vis cos ity×10-6

m/s ft/s

m/s/ºC m2/s ft2/s

Methylene chloride(3) CH2Cl2 1.327 1,070 3,510 3.94

0.31

3.335

Methylene iodide CH2l2 3.235

980

3,215.2

Methyl formate(22) C2H4O2

0.974

(

20ºC

)

1,127 3,697.5 4.02

Methyl iodide CH3l

2.28

(

20ºC

)

978 3,208.7 0.211 2.27

a-Methyl naphthalene C11H10 1.090 1,510 4,954.1 3.7

2-Methylpheno(46) C7H8O

1.047

(

20ºC

)

1,541

(

20ºC

)

5,055.8

(

68°F

)

4.29

(

40ºC

)

46.16

(

104°F)

3- Methylpheno(46) C7H8O

1.034

(

20ºC

)

1,500

(

20ºC

)

4,921.3

(

68°F

)

5.979

(

40ºC

)

64.334

(

104°F)

Milk,homogenized 1,548 5,080

Morpholine C4H9NO 1,442 4,731 3.8

N

aphtha 1.00 1,225 4,091

N

atural Gas(37) 0.76

753

(-103ºC)

2,470.5

(-153°F)

N

eon(45) Ne

0.316

(

-103º

C

)

595

(

-246º

C

)

1,952.1

(

-411°F

)

N

itrobenzene(46) C6H5NO

2

1.207

(

-246º

C

)

1,415

(

20ºC

)

4,642.4

(

68°F

)

1.514 16.29

N

itrogen(45) N2

1.204

(

20ºC

)

962

(

-199º

C

)

3,156.2

(

-326°F

)

0.217

(

-199ºC

)

2.334

(

-326°F)

N

itromethane(43) CH3NO2

0.808

(

-199º

C

)

1,300 4,265.1 4.0 0.549 5.90

N

onane(23) C9H2O 1.135 1,207 3,960 4.04

0.99

(20ºC)

10.652
(68°F)

1-Nonene(27) C9H18

0.718

(20ºC)

1,207 3,960 4.0

Octane(23) C8H18

0.736

(

20ºC

)

1,172

3,845.1 4.14 0.73 7.857

n-OCtane(29) C8H18

0.723

(

20ºC

)

1,212.5 3,978 3.50 0.737 0.930

1-OCtane(27) C8H16 1,175.5 3,856.6 4.1
Oil of Camphor

Sassafrassy

1.74 1,390 4.560.4 3.8

Oil,Car(SAE20a.30) 0.969 870 2,854.3 190 2,405.93

Oil,Castor C11H10O

10

1,477 4,854.8 3.6 0.670 7.209

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 67 -

Table A7 (continued): Sound Speed of Liquids

Substance

Chemical

Formula

All data given at 25ºC(77 º F) unless otherwise noted.

Specific

Gravity

Sound Speed ∆v/ºC

Kinemati

c

Vis co si ty×1

0

-6

m/s ft/s

m/s/ºC m2/s ft2/s

Oil,Diesel 0.80 1,250 4,101

Oil,FueiAA gravity 0.99

1,485

4,872 3.7

Oil(Lubricating x200) 1,530 5,019.9

Oil(Oive) 0.912 1,431 4,694.9 2.75 100

1,076.3

65

Oil(peanut) 0.936 1,458 4,783.5

Oil(Sperm) 0.88 1,440 4,724.2

Oil,6

1,509

(

22ºC

)

4,951

(

72°F

)

2,2-Oxydiethanol CH10O3 1.116 1,586 5,203.4

2.4

Oxygen(45) O2

1.155

(

-186º

C

)

952

(

-186º

C

)

3,123.4

(

-303°F

)

0.173 1.861

Pentachloro-ethane(47) C2HCl5 1.687 1,082 3,549.4

pentalin(47) C2HCl5 1.687 1,082 3,549.4

Pentane(36) C5H12

0.626

(

20ºC

)

1,020 3,346.5 0.363 3.905

n-pentane(47) C5H12 0.557 1,006 3,300.5 0.41 4.413

Perchlorocyclopentadiene(47) C5Cl6 1.718 1,150 3,773

Perchloro-ethylene(47) C2Cl4 1.632 1,036 3,399

Perfluoro-1-Hepten(47) C7F14 1.67 583 1,912.7

Perfluoro-n-Hexane(47) C6H14 1.672 508 1,666.7

Phene(29,40,41) C6H6 0.879 1,306 4,284.8 4.65 0.711 7.65

b-Phenyl acrolein C9H8O 1.112 1,554 5,098.4 3.2

Phenylamine(41) C6H5NO21.022 1,639 5,377.3 4.0 3.63 39.058

Phenyl bromide(46) C6H5Br 1.522

1,170

(20ºC)

3,838.6

(68°F)

0.693 7.465

Phenyl chloride C6H5Cl 1.106 1,273 4,176.5 3.6 0.722 7.768

Phenyl iodide(46) C6H5l 1.823

1,114

(

20ºC

)

3,654.9

(

68°F

)

0.954

(

15ºC

)

10.265

(

59°F)

Phenyl methane(16,52) C7H8

0.867

(20ºC)

1,328

(20ºC)

4,357

(68°F)

4.27 0.644 6.929

3-Phenylpropenal C9H8O 1.112 1,554 5,098.4 3.2

- 68 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Table A7 (continued): Sound Speed of Liquids

Substance

Chemical

Formula

All data given at 25ºC(77 º F) unless otherwise noted.

Specific

Gravity

Sound Speed

∆v/ºC

Kinematic

Vis co si ty×1

0

-6

m/s ft/s

m/s/ºC m2/s ft2/s

Phthalardione C8H4O3

1,125

(152ºC)

3,691

(306°F)

Phthalicacid,anhydride C8H4O3

1,125

(

152º

C

)

3,691

(

306°F

)

Phthalicanhydride

C8H4O3

1,125

(

152º

C

)

3,691

(

306°F

)

Pimelicketone C6H10O 0.948 1,423 4,668.6 4.0

Plexiglas,Lucite,Acrylic

2,651 8,698

PolyterpeneResin 0.77

1,099.8

(190ºC

)

3,608.4

(

374°F

)

39,000 419,500

Potassium bromide(42) KBr

1,169

(900ºC)

3,835.3
(1652°F)

0.71

715CP

(900ºC)

7.693

(1652°F)

Potassium fluoride(42) KF

1,792

(900ºC)

5,879.3
(1652°F)

1.03

Potassium iodide(42) Kl

958

(900ºC

)

3,231.6

(

1652°F

)

0.64

Potassium nitrate(48) KNO3

1.859

(352ºC)

1,740.1

(352ºC)

5,709

(666°F)

1.1

1.19

(327ºC)

12.804

(621°F)
Propane(2,13)
(-45°to-130ºC)

C3H8

0.585

(-45ºC)

1,003

(-45ºC)

3,290.6

(-46°F)

5.7

1,2,3-Propanetriol C3H8O3 1.26 1,904 6,246.7 2.2 000757

1-Propanol(46) C3H8O

0.78

(20ºC)

1,222

(20ºC)

4,009.2

(68°F)

2-Propanol(46) C3H8O

0.785

(20ºC)

1,170

(20ºC)

3,838.6

(68°F)

2.718 29.245

2-Propanone C3H6O 0.791 1,174 3,851.7

4.5

0.399 4.293

Propene(17,18,35) C3H6

0.563

(-13ºC)

963

(-13ºC)

3,159.4

(9°F)

6.32

N

-propyl-acetate(22) C5H10O2

1,280

(2ºC)

4,199

(36°F)

4.63

n-propyl-alcohol C3H8O

0.78

(

20ºC

)

1,222

(

20ºC

)

4,009.2

(

68°F

)

2.549 27.427

propylchloride(47) C3H7Cl 0.892 1,058 3,471.1 0.378 4.067

propylene(17,18,35) C3H6

0.536

(-13ºC)

963

(-13ºC)

3,159.4

(9°F)

6.32

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 69 -

Table A7 (continued): Sound Speed of Liquids

Substance

Chemical

Formula

All data given at 25ºC(77 º F) unless otherwise noted.

Specific
Gravity

Sound Speed ∆v/ºC

Kinematic

Vis co si ty×1

0

-6

m/s ft/s

m/s/ºC m2/s ft2/s

Pyridne C6H5N 0.982 1,415 4,642.4 4.1

0.992

(20ºC)

10.673
(68°F)

Refrigerant11(3,4) CCl3F 1.49

828.3
(0ºC)

2,717.5

(32°F)

3.56

Refrigerant12(3) CCl2F2

1.516

(-40ºC)

774.1

(-40ºC)

2,539.7
(-40°F)

4.24

Refrigerant14(14) CF4

1.75

(-150ºC)

875.24

(-150ºC)

2,871.5

(-238°F)

6.61

Refrigerant21(3) CHCl2F

1.426
(0ºC)

891

(0ºC)

2,923.2

(32°F)

3.97

Refrigerant22(3) CHClF2

1.491

(-69ºC)

893.9

(50ºC)

2,932.7

(122°F)

4.79

Refrigerant113(3) CCl2F-CClF21.563

783.7
(0ºC)

2,571.2

(32°F)

3.44

Refrigerant114(3) CClF2-CClF21.455

665.3

(-10ºC)

2,182.7

(14°F)

3.73

Refrigerant115(3) C2ClF5

656.4

(-50ºC)

2,153.5

(-58°F)

4.42

RefrigerantC318(3) C4F8

1.62

(-20ºC)

574

(-10ºC)

1,883.2

(41°F)

3.88

Selenium(8) Se

1,072

(250ºC)

3,517.1
(482°F)

0.68

Silicone(30cp) 0.993 990 3,248 30 322.8

Sodiumfluoride(42) NaF 0.877

2,082

(1000ºC)

6,830.7

(1832°F)

1.32

Sodiumfluoride(48) NaNO3

1.884

(336ºC)

1,763.3

(336ºC)

5,785.1

(637°F)

0.74

1.37

(336ºC)

14.74

(637ºC)

Sodiumfluoride(48) NaNO2

1.805

(292ºC)

1,876.8

(292ºC)

6,157.5

(558°F)

Solvesso#3 0.877 1,370 4,494.8 3.7

Spiritofwine C2H6O 0.789 1,207 3,960 4.0 1.397 15.02

Sulfur(7,8,10) S

1,177

(250ºC)

3,861.5

(482°F)

-1.13

SulfueicAcid(1) H2SO4 1.841 1,257.6 4,126 1.43 11.16 120.081

Tellurium(7) Te

991

(450ºC)

3,251.3

(842°F)

0.73

- 70 - REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Table A7 (continued): Sound Speed of Liquids

Substance

Chemical

Formula

All data given at 25ºC(77 º F) unless otherwise noted.

Specific

Gravity

Sound Speed ∆v/ºC

Kinematic

Viscosity×10-6

m/s ft/s

m/s/ºC m2/s ft2/s

1,1,2,2-Tetrabromo­ethane(47)

C2H2Br4 2.966 1,027 3,369.4

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro­ethane(67)

C2H2Cl4 1.595 1,147 3,763.4

1.156

(15ºC)

12.438
(59°F)

Tetrachloroethane(46) C2H2Cl4

1.553

(20ºC)

1,170

(20ºC)

3,838.6

(68°F)

1.19 12.804

Tetrachloro-ethene(47) C2Cl4 1.632 1,036 3,399

Tetrachlor-Methane
(33,47)

CCl4

1.595

(20ºC)

926 3,038.1 0.607 6.531

Tetradecane(46) C14H3O

0.763

(20ºC)

1,331

(20ºC)

4,366.8

(68°F)

2.86

(20ºC)

30.773
(68°F)

Tetraethylene glycol C8H18O5 1.123 1,568 5,203.4 3.0

Tetrafluoro-methane(14)
(Freon14)

CF4

1.75

(-150ºC)

875.24
(-150ºC)

2,871.5

(-238°F)

6.61

Tetrahydro-1,4-isoxazine C4H9NO 1.000 1,442 4,731 3.8

Toluene(16,52) C7H8

0.867

(20ºC)

1,328

(20ºC)

4,357

(68°F)

4.27 0.644 6.929

o-Toluidine(46) C7H9N

0.999

(20ºC)

1, 618 5,308.4

4.394

(20ºC)

47.279
(68°F)

p-Toluidine(46) C7H9N

0.966

(45ºC)

1,480 4,855.6

1.863

(50ºC)

20.053

(122°F)

Toluol C7H8 0.866 1,308 4,291.3 4.2 0.58 6.24

Tribromo-methane(46,47) CHBr3

2.89

(20ºC)

918 3,011.8 0.645 7.037

1,1,1-Trichloro­ethane(47)

C2H3Cl3 1.33 985 3,231.6

0.902

(20ºC)

9.705

(68°F)

Trichloro-ethene(47) C2HCl3 1.464 1,028 3,372.7

Trichloro-fluoromethaen
(3)(Freon11)

CCl3F 1.49

828.3
(0ºC)

2,171.5

(32°F)

3.56

Trichloro-methane(47) CHCl3 1.489 979 3,211.9 3.4 0.55 5.918

1,1,2-Trichloro­1,2,22-Trifluoro-Etham

CCl2F-

CClF2

1.563

783.7
(0ºC)

2,571.2

(32°F)

Triethyl-amine(33) C6H15N 0.726 1,123 3,684.4 4.47

Triethyleneglycol C6H14O4 1.123 1,608 5,275.6 3.8

REGAL RH20 Handheld Ultrasonic Flowmeter - 71 -

Table A7 (continued): Sound Speed of Liquids

Substance

Chemical

Formula

All data given at 25ºC(77 º F) unless otherwise noted.

Specific

Gravity

Sound Speed ∆v/ºC

Kinematic

Vis co si ty×1

0

-6

m/s ft/s

m/s/ºC m2/s ft2/s

1,1,1-Trifluoro-2­Chloro-2-Bromo­Ethane

C2HClBrF31.869 693 2,273.6

1,2,2-Trifluorotrichloro­ethane(Freon113)

CCl2­CClF2

1.563

783.7
(0ºC)

2,571.2

(32°F)

3.44

d-1,3,3­Trimethylnorcamphor

C10H16O 0.947 1,320 4,330.7 0.22 2.367

Trinitrotoluene(43) C7H5(NO2)31.64

1,610

(81ºC)

5,282.2

(178°F)

Turpentine

0.88 1,255 4,117.5 1.4 15.064

Unisis800 0.87 1,346 4,416 1.00

Water,distilled(49,50)
Wat er ,s ea

H2O 0.996 1,498 4,914.7 -2.4 0.695 10.76

WoodAlcihol(40,41) D2O 1,400 4,593 -2.4

Xenon(45)

1.025 1,531 5,023 2.92 1.00 10.76

m-Xylene(46) CH4O

0.791

(20ºC)

1,076 3,530.2 0.695 7.478

o-Xylene(29,46 Xe

630

(-109ºC)

2,067

(-164°F)

P-xylene(46) C8H10

0.868

(15ºC)

1,343

(20ºC)

4,406.2

(68°F)

0.749

(15ºC)

8.059

(59°F)

Xylenehexafluoride C8H10

0.897

(20ºC)

1,331.5

4,368.4

4.1

0.903

(20ºC)

9.716

(68°F)

Zinc(7) C8H10

1,334

(20ºC)

4,376.6

(68°F)

0.662 7.123

1,1,1-Trifluoro-2­Chloro­2-Bromo-Ethane

C8H4F6 1.37 879 2,883.9 0.613 6.595

1,2,2-Trifluorotrichloro­ethane(Freon113)

Zn

3,298

(450ºC)

10,820.2

(842°F)