Spectroquant Pharo 300 User Manual

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quant® Pharo 300

Spectroquant

Pharo 300

Operating manual

Spectroquant

UV/VIS Spectrophotometer

Pharo 300

Spectroquant

Pharo 300

Spectroquant

UV/VIS Spectrophotometer

Pharo 300

General Information

Spectroquant

Pharo 300

Spectroquant® photometers

1 Photometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.1 Photometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.2 The Photometers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2 Photometric Test Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.1 Basic Principle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.1.1 Spectroquant® Cell Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.1.2 Spectroquant® Reagent Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.2 Notes for Practical Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.2.1 Measuring Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.2.2 Influence of pH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.2.3 Influence of Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.2.4 Time Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.2.5 Influence of Foreign Substances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.2.6 Dosing of Reagents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.2.7 Shelf-life of the Reagents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3 Sample Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.1 Taking Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.2 Preliminary Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3.3 Dilution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3.4 Filtration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3.5 Homogenization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3.6 Decomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

4 Pipetting System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Analytical Quality Assurance (AQA)

5.1 Quality Control at the Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5.2 Quality Control for the User. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

5.2.1 Checking the Photometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5.2.2 Checking the Overall System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5.2.3 Checking the Pipettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

5.2.4 Checking Thermoreactors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

5.2.5 Testing for Handling Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

5.3 Determination of Sample Influences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

5.4 Definition of Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

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1 Photometers

1.1 Photometry

Spectroquant® photometers

When a beam of light is transmitted through a colored solution, then this beam loses its intensity, in other words a part of the light is absorbed by the solution. Depending on the substance in question, this absorption occurs at specific wave lengths.

Monochromators (e. g. narrow-band interference filters, lattices) are used to select the wavelength from the total spectrum of a tungsten-halogen lamp (VIS spectrum), a deuterium lamp (UV spectrum) or, respectively, a xenon lamp.

The intensity of the absorption can be characterized using the transmittance T (or, respectively, T in percent).

T = I/I

I0 = Initial intensity of the light I = Intensity of the transmitted light

If the light is not absorbed at all by a solution, then this solution has a transmittance of 100 %; a com plete absorption of the light in the solution means 0 % transmittance.

The measure generally used for the absorption of light is the absorbance (A), since this correlates directly with the concentration of the absorbing substance. The fol lowing connection exists between absorbance and transmittance:

A = – log T

Experiments by BOUGUER (1698–1758) and LAMBERT (1728 –1777) showed that the absorbance is dependent on the thickness of the absorbing layer of the cell used. The relationship between the absorbance and the concentration of the analyte in ques (1825–1863). The com

bination of these two natu ral laws led to the deri va-

tion was discovered by BEER

tion of Lambert-Beer’s law, which can be described in the form of the following equation:

A =  · c · d



=

Molar absorptivity, in l/mol x cm



d = Path length of the cell, in cm

c = Concentration of the analyte, in mol/l

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Spectroquant® photometers

1 Photometers

1.2 The Photometers

The photometers that belong to the Spectroquant® Analysis System differ from con ven tional photo meters in the following important aspects:

The calibration functions of all test kits are electronically stored.

•

The measurement value can be immediately read off from the display

•

in the de sired form.

The method for the test kits (Cell Tests and reagent tests) belonging to

•

the Spectroquant® analysis system is automatically selected via the scanning of the bar code

All cells formats used are automatically identified and the correct meas-

•

uring range is selected automatically

Instrument-supported AQA ensures that measurement results can be

•

used as secure, reproducible, and recognized analytical results.

New methods can be downloaded from the internet site

•

www.service-test-kits.com and permanently stored in the instrument.

For technical data and instructions for use please refer to the section “Function description” or can also be found on the internet.

2 Photometric Test Kits

2.1 Basic Principle

By means of reagents, the component of a sample to be analyzed is converted into a colored compound in a specific reaction. The reagents or reagent mix tures contain – in addition to the reagent selective for a parameter to be determined – a number of auxi liary substances that are essential for the course of the reaction. These include, for example, buffers for adjusting the pH to the optimal value for the reaction, and masking agents that suppress or mini mize the influence of interfering ions.

The color reactions are in most cases based on standardized analytical methods specifically optimized in terms of ease of use, a low working effort, and shorter reaction times. Furthermore, methods cited in the literature or developed by ourselves are also used erence procedures are stated in the package insert or else in the parameter overview.

. Details on the respective ref-

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2 Photometric Test Kits

2.1.1 Spectroquant® Cell Tests

Identification mark for the correct insertion into the cell compartment of the photometer

Cat. No. of test kit

Spectroquant® photometers

Leakproof cap

Bar code for identification in the photometer

Designation of test kit

Risk phrases

Special cell in optical quality

Additional reagent(s)

Certain cell tests, e. g. COD or nitrite, already contain all necessary reagents in the cells, and the sample must merely be added with a pipette. In other tests, however for reasons of chemical compatibility it is necessary to separate the test into two or three different reagent mixtures. In such cases, besides the sample a metered reagent must also be added.

2.1.2 Spectroquant® Reagent Tests

The principle behind the reagent tests is that the reagents necessary for the color reaction are com bined in the form of liquid concentrates or solid-substance mixtures sample. enhances the sensitivity of the detection classical photometry by which the sample is made up to a defined volume in a volumetric flask is dispensed with.

Details regarding contents

Highly precise dosage of the reagent

. A few drops of the reagent concentrate are added to the

This means that there is no need to dilute the sample, which in turn

. The procedure generally used in

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The method is selected automatically by means of the scanning of the bar code by the AutoSelector. All cells formats used are automatically identified and the correct measuring range is selected automatically. Subsequently the result is automatically shown on the display

Spectroquant® photometers

2 Photometric Test Kits

2.2 Notes for Practicle Use

2.2.1 Measuring range

The intensity of the color of a solution, measured as the absorbance, is proportional to the concentration of the respective analyte only within a specific range. This mea sur ing range (effective range) is electro nically stored in the photometers for each in di vidual test kit .

Below the specified measuring range, either a different cell or else another procedure must be used. The lower limit of the measuring range either takes the form of non linearity of the calibration curve, as shown in the figure, or else is given by the method detection limit. The method detec- tion limit of an analytical method is the lowest concentration of the analyte in question that can be measured quantitatively with a defined degree of probability (e. g. 99 %). The upper limit of the measuring range is the point at which the linear correlation between the concentration and the absorbance ends. In such a case the sample must be diluted accordingly so that it lies ideally in the middle of the ef fective range (least-error measurement).

Absorbance

In photometry it is conventional practice to measure against the reagent blank va lue. Here the analysis is carried out “blind”, i.e. without any analyte added. In stead of the sample volume, the corresponding quantity of distilled or DI water is used. This reagent blank value is prestored in the photometers belonging to the Spectroquant® analysis system, which means that - due to the high batch reproducibility - it is possible to dispense with a separate measurement of the reagent blank. At the lower limit of the measuring range, the accuracy of the determination can be enhanced by performing the measurement against a separately prepared reagent blank.

In some cases the intensity of the color of the solution and thus the absorbance can drop again when very high concentrations of the analyte are present (see package insert).

Concentration

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2 Photometric Test Kits

2.2.2 Influence of pH

Chemical reactions follow an optimal course only within a certain pH range. The rea gents contained in the test kits produce an adequate buffering of the sample sol u tions and ensure that the pH optimal for the reaction in question is obtained.

Strongly acidic (pH < 2) and strongly alkaline (pH >12) sample solutions can prevent the pH from being adjusted to an optimal range, since under certain circumstances the buffering capacity of the test-kit reagents may not be sufficient. Any necessary correction is made by the dropwise addition of diluted acid (reduces the pH) or diluted lye (raises the pH), testing the pH with suitable indicator strips after each drop is added. The addition of the acid or lye results in a dilution of the test solution. When up to five drops are added to 10 ml of sample, the change in the volume can be neglected, since the resultant error is lower than 2 %. The addition of larger quantities should be duly con sidered by adjusting the sample volume accordingly.

The specified pH values for the sample solution and, wherever applicable, for the measurement solution are defined in the respective package inserts and in the analy sis instruc tions in chapter 3 of the manual.

Spectroquant® photometers

2.2.3 Influence of Temperature

The temperature of the sample solution and the reagents may have an effect on the color reaction and thus on the measurement result. The typical tempe ra ture course is illustrated in the figure.

If the sample temperature is lower than 15 °C, false-low results must be reckoned with. Temperatures exceeding 30°C generally influence the stability of the com pound that is formed in the reaction. The optimal temperature for the color reaction is stated in the package inserts of the respective Spectro quant® test kits.

Attention! After thermic decomposition proce dures, the de termination of COD or total contents of nitro gen, phos pho rus, or metal, a sufficient wait ing time must be allowed for to permit the solution cool to room temperature.

2.2.4 Time Stability

Most of the color reactions require a certain time to reach the maximum color in ten sity. The solid curve in the figure at the right gives a schematic impression of a typical time course. The behavior of relatively instable color reactions with time is shown by the dotted curve.

The reaction time specified in the working instruc tions refers to the period of time from the addition of the last reagent until the actual measurement. In addition, the package inserts for the individual test kits also state the time interval in which the mea sure ment value does not change. The maximum time inter val is 60 minutes; this time should not be ex ceeded, even in the case of stable color reactions.

Absorbance

10 30

20 40

Temperature (°C)

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30 60

Reaction time (minutes)

Spectroquant® photometers

2 Photometric Test Kits

2.2.5 Influence of Foreign Substances

Foreign substances in the sample solution can

raise the measurement value as a result of an amplification of the

•

reaction

lower the measurement value as a result of a prevention of the reaction.

•

A quantification of this effects is stated in tabular form in the respective package inserts for the most important foreign ions. The tolerance limits have been deter mined for the indi vidual ions; they may not be evaluated cumulatively.

Suitability for use in seawater

A tabular survey (see appendix 1) provides infor mation on the suitability of the tests in connection with seawater and also on the tolerances for salt concentrations.

2.2.6 Dosing the Reagents

Small amounts of liquids are dosed by counting the number of drops from a leak proof bottle

bottle be held vertically and that the drops be added slowly (approx. 1 drop per second). If this is not observed, the cor-

achieved.

A positive-displacement pipette should be used for larger quantities of liquid or for the exact dosage of smaller reagent quantities. In these cases the reagent bottles are not fitted with a dropper insert.

Solid substances are dosed either with the dose-metering cap or with microspoons that are integrated into the screw cap of the respective reagent bottle. The dose-metering cap is used for solid reagents or reagent mixtures that are free-flowing. In all other cases the substances are dosed with the microspoon.

In this case it is necessary to add only level microspoonfuls. To this end the spoon must be drawn over the brim of the reagent bottle

When using dropper bottles it is extremely important that the

rect drop size and thus the correct amount of reagent are not

At the first use replace the black screw cap of the reagent bottle by the dose-metering cap. Hold the reagent bottle vertically and, at each dosage, press the slide all the way into the dose-metering cap. Before each dosage ensure that the slide is completely retracted.

end of the measurement series, since the function of the rea-

Reclose the reagent bottle with the black screw cap at the

gent is impaired by the absorption of atmospheric moisture.

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2 Photometric Test Kits

2.2.7 Shelf-life of the Reagents

The Spectroquant stored in a cool, dry place. A few test kits have a lower shelf-life of 18 or 24 months or must else be stored in a refrigerator. COD Cell Tests must be stored protected from light. The expiry date of the package unit is printed on the outer label. The shelflife may become reduced when the reagent bottles are not reclosed tightly after use or when the test kit is stored at temperatures higher than those specified.

test kits are in most cases stable for 3 years when

3 Sample Preparation

Sample preparation covers all the steps necessary before the actual analysis can be performed.

3.1 Taking Samples

Spectroquant® photometers

The taking of samples is the first and most impor tant step on the way to obtaining the correct ana lysis result. Not even the most exact method of analysis can correct any mistakes made in the taking of the sample. The objective of the sampling proce dure is to gain a sample with a representative com position. The most important pre condition for gain ing a re- presentative sample is the identification of the suitable sampling site. Here it must be borne in mind that the solution to be investigated can display varying con centrations in different places at different times.

In sampling, a distinction is made between manual and automatic methods. In many cases a true picture of the average composition of the sample can be obtained only once several individual samples have been collected; this can be done manually or with an automatic sampler.

Clean plastic containers with a volume of 500 or 1000 ml are suitable for collecting samples. They should be rinsed several times, under vigorously shaken, with the water to be investigated, and then filled free of air bubbles and immediately closed tightly. The containers must be protected against the effects of air and heat and then be forward ed for the further analytical steps as soon as possible. In ex ceptional cases, preserva tion measures in the form of short-term refrigeration at +2 to + 5 °C and chemical conservation can be taken.

Parameter Preservation

COD +2 to + 5 °C max. 24 h or –18 °C max. 14 days

N compounds: analyze immediately, only in exceptional case

NH4-N, NO3-N, NO2-N

P compounds: short-term storage, no preservation; PO

-P, P total with nitric acid to

Heavy metals short-term storage, no preservation; with nitric acid to

+2 to + 5 °C max. 6 h

pH 1, max. 4 weeks

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Spectroquant® photometers

3 Sample Preparation

3.2 Preliminary Tests

Correct measurement results can be obtained only within the measuring range spe ci fied for each indi vi dual parameter. When dealing with sample solutions of an un known concentration, it is advisable to establish whether the sample concentration is indeed within the specified measuring range, ideally roughly in the middle of the range. Preliminary tests enhance the analytical reliability and make the determination of the necessary dilution ratios in the case of high concentrations easier. MQuantTM Test Strips are very well suited for preliminary tests.

3.3 Dilution

Dilution of samples is necessary for two reasons:

The concentration of the parameter under investigation is too high, i. e.

•

it lies out side the measuring range.

Other substances contained in the sample interfere with the determina-

•

tion (matrix interference); false-high or false-low results may ensue.

The following auxiliaries are absolute prerequisites for the dilution of the sample:

Volumetric flasks of varying sizes (e. g. 50, 100 and 200 ml)

•

Positive-displacement pipette

•

Distilled or DI water.

•

Only dilutions carried out with these auxiliary pro ducts are of sufficient reliability in the area of trace analysis, to which photometry belongs (for the sim pli fied procedure see page 14).

An important aspect here is that once the volumetric flask has been filled up to the mark with distilled water the flask is closed and the contents are thoroughly mixed.

The dilution factor (DF) resulting from the dilution procedure is calculated as follows:

D Initial volume (sample volume)

The analytical result is subsequently multiplied by the dilution factor.

A calculation can be dispensed with when the dilu tion is programmed into the pho tometer. The dilution number (see the table on page 14) is entered and the measure ment value is subsequently calculated cor rectly and immediately displayed.

Final volume (total volume)

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3 Sample Preparation

All dilutions should be made in such a way that the measurement value lies in the middle of the measur ing range. As a rule, the dilution factor should never be higher than 100. In the event that yet higher dilu tions become necessary all the same, then this must be done in two separate steps.

Example

Step 1: Make up 2 ml of sample to 200 ml with distilled water; D

Step 2: Take 5 ml of the above solution and make up to 100 ml; D

The dilution factor for the total dilution is calcu lated by multiplying the individual dilutions:

Simplified procedure

Dilutions up to 1:10 can also be prepared without volumetric flasks in a glass bea ker, measuring the volumes of the sample and the dilution water using a pre viously calibrated positive-displacement pipette (see table for instructions).

= 100, dilution number 1+ 99

= 20, dilution number 1+19

= DF1 x DF2 = 100 x 20 = 2000, dilution number 1+1999

F total

Spectroquant® photometers

Desired Volume of Volume of Dilution Dilution dilution sample [ml] [ml]

distilled water

factor number

1:2 5 5 2 1+ 1 1:3 5 10 3 1+ 2 1:4 2 6 4 1 +3 1:5 2 8 5 1 +4 1:10 1 9 10 1 +9

3.4 Filtration

Strongly turbid samples require pretreatment before they can determined in a photometer, since the effect of turbidity can result in considerable variations in the measurement values and in false-high readings. Care must be taken here to ensure that the sub stance to be deter mined is not contained in the sus pended material, in which case a sample decompo si tion must be carried out.

Compounds that always occur in dissolved form (for example ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, chlorine, chlo ride, cyanide, fluoride, orthophosphate, and sulfate) permit a previous filtration, even when the sample solution is strongly turbid.

Weak turbidity is eliminated by the automatic turbi dity-correction feature built into the photo meter (see Function description, “Device set-up/ Correction function”); in such cases it is not necessary to filter the sample before analysis.

As a measure to distinguish between dissolved and undissolved waterborne sub stances, the water sample can be filtered through a simple paper filter. Following the recommendations stated in the refe rence methods, membrane filters with a pore size of 0.45 µm are required for fine filtration.

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Spectroquant® photometers

3 Sample Preparation

Procedure for microfiltration

Draw out the liquid to be filtered with the syringe.

3.5 Homogenization

3.6 Decomposition

Ion

Screw the syringe tightly into the front side of the mem brane-filter attachment.

As a measure to ensure that a representative sample can be taken in the presence of suspended matter in the water sample in question, for certain parameters - e. g. COD and the total content of heavy metals - the sample must be homogenized. This must be carried out using a high-speed blender (2 minutes at 5000 –20 000 rpm and taking the sample while stirring.

Water-borne substances can be present in the sample for investigation in a variety of forms: as the ion, bound more or less solidly in a complex, or as a solid substance.

Hold the syringe upright and slowly depress the piston upwards until the membrane- filter is fully wetted free of air bubbles.

Filter the contents of the syringe into the intended glass vessel.

Complex

Solid substance

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3 Sample Preparation

The manner in which the sample is pretreated en ables the three proportions to be dis tinguished from each other. This can be illustrated using a copper-containing waste water sample as an example.

Example

Filtration

Spectroquant® photometers

Decomposition

Total content Dissolved proportion Dissolved proportion

Solid Substances Cu(OH)

Complexes Cu-EDTA Complexes Cu-EDTA

Ions Cu

Result A Result B Result C

Proportion: Ionogenic = C

Complex = B–C Solid Substances = A – B

Total content = A

Decomposition

Ions Cu

Filtration

Ions Cu

Decomposition converts the substance to be deter mined into an analyzable form. In most cases, de composition agents take the form of acids in com bination with oxidiz ing agents; in exceptional cases (e. g. in the determination of total nitrogen) an alka line decomposition is more effective. The type of decomposition procedure used de pends on the analyte to be determined and the sample matrix.

The ready-to-use sample-decomposition products

Spectro

quant® Crack

Set 10 and 20 are suited for the preparation of the sample materials for

the determinations stated in the table.

The decomposition processes are carried out in the

Spectro

quant® ther-

moreactor (capacity: 12 or 24 decomposition cells) at 120°C or, respec-

tively, 100 °C. Details regarding the heating times and further treatment can be found in the package inserts contained in the Spectroquant®

Crack Set packs.

Determination of Sample preparation with

Total phosphorus* Crack Set 10 / 10C**

Total chromium* Crack Set 10 / 10C [= sum of chromate and chromium(III)]

Total metal Crack Set 10 / 10C [= sum of free and complex-bound metal]

Total nitrogen* Crack Set 20

* The decomposition reagents are already contained in the packs of the respective cell tests. ** Decomposition cells are included in the pack; empty cells are required for the decomposition for

Crack Sets 10 and 20.

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Spectroquant® photometers

3 Sample Preparation

In the event that the sample to be analyzed is a highly contaminated material (high proportion of organic substances) or water-insoluble samples, decomposition using concentrated acids and other agents is in dispensible Corresponding examples from the collection of applications for real samples are available on request.

The necessity for decomposition can be checked according to the following diagram:

Decomposition

Procedure

Measurement

Result A

Decomposition

necessary

For wastewater with a consistent composition, this check as a rule need be carried out only once. It is, however, advisable to check the result periodically.

A and B

idential?

Yes

Procedure

Measurement

Result B

No decomposition

necessary

4 Pipetting System

Positive-displacement pipettes permit

an exact dosage of the sample volume

•

a precise measurement of sample and reagent volumes and of the

•

volumes of water for dilution purposes

Pipettes of varying volumes and also ones with a fixed volume are available.

Sources of error and hints on how to avoid them:

Closely follow the instructions for use contained with the pipette in

•

question.

Check the pipetted volumes

•

a) 1 ml of water at 20°C = 1.000 g ±1 mg

b) using Spectroquant® PipeCheck; this is a pho tometric check of the pipette, and scales are not necessary (see section “AQA”).

Avoidance of spread effects by rinsing the pipette several times with

•

the solution to be pipetted.

Always exchange the pipette tip.

•

Draw up the liquid slowly and depress piston completely to discharge

•

the liquid.

by weighing using analytical scales (weighing ac cu racy ±1 mg),

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5 Analytical Quality Assurance (AQA)

The objective of analysis must always be to determine the true content of the analyte in question as accurately and precisely as possible.

Analytical Quality Assurance represents a suitable and indispensible method by which the quality of the user's own work can be assessed, errors in the measurement system diagnosed, and the comparability with the results obtained using the respec tive refe rence methods demonstrated.

Spectroquant® photometers

Details regarding the necessity of AQA can be found dum A 704 of the German Association for the Water Sector, Wastewater, and Waste Materials (Deutsche Vereinigung für Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall e.V., DWA) toring regulations of the Ger man federal states (available in english).

Causes for errors can include:

the working materials used

•

the handling

•

the sample under investigation.

•

These errors have effects on both the accuracy and precision of the results obtained.

and in the corresponding self-con trol/self-moni-

in the in Memoran-

5.1 Quality Control at the Manufacturer

Photometers and photometric test kits possess specifications that are adhered to and above all else also documented by the manufacturer.

The certificate for the photometer enclosed with each device documents the quali ty of the measuring device.

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Spectroquant® photometers

CSB/COD/DQO

Datum / Date / Fecha

Sollwert

Valor nominal

Chargenwert

Valor del lote

Merck KGaA

Chargenzertifikat

5 Analytical Quality Assurance (AQA)

The certificate for the test kit, available for each lot produced, docu-

Lot Certificate / Certificado del lote

Spectroquant® CSB-Küvettentest

Spectroquant

COD Cell Test / Spectroquant® Test en cubetas DQO

Art.Nr. / Cat.No. / Art. Nro. 1.14560.0001

Messbereich Measuring Range / Intervalo de medida

Charge-Nr. / Lot no. / Lote nro. HC119527 4,0 4,7

Verwendbarkeit Expiry date / Fecha de caducidad

Standard / Standard / Patrón Potassium hydrogen phthalat e 1.02400 16,0 16,4

Photometer / Photometer / Fotómetro Referenz / Reference / Referencia 20,0 19,9

Wellenlänge / Wavelength / Longitud de onda 340 nm 24,0 24,1

Küvette / Cell / Cubeta 16 mm rund / round / redonda 28,0 28,4

Prüfer / Tester / Verificador Fr. Brandner 32,0 32,4

Datei / File / Fichero 1145600001_HC119527_EN 40,0 40,2

Kalibrierfunktion / Calibration Function / Función de calibración DIN 38402 A51 / ISO 8466-1

Steigung / Slope / Pendiente +/- Tolerance / Tolerancia

Ordinatenabschnitt / Ordinate segment / Interse cto en ordenadas

Reag.blindwert / Reagent blank / Valor en blanco del react +/- Tolerance / Tolerancia

Vertrauensbereich (95% Wahrscheinlichkeit ) Confidential interval (P=95%) / Intervalo de confianza (95 % de probabilidad) Verfahrensstandardabweichung Standard Deviation of the Method / Desviación estándar del procedimiento Verfahrensvariationskoeffizient Variation Coefficient of the Method / Coeficiente de variación del procedimiento

40,0

35,0

30,0

25,0

20,0

15,0

10,0

5,0

Messergebnis / Result / Resultado (mg/l)

0,0

0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0 35,0 40,0

Qualitätskontrolle Laborleiter / Head of Lab. Quality control / Control de calidad Jefe de laboratorio

4,0 - 40,0 mg/l CSB/COD/DQO

31.10.2012

20.09.2011 36,0 36,3

Sollwert / Target value / Valor nominal (mg/l)

n = 10

Sollwert

Target value

Result / Resultado

Valor nominal

(Standard / Patrón)

mg/l

8,0 8,7

12,0 11,8

Target value

1,00 ± 0,03 0,99

1,410 ± 0,020 A 1,403 A

± 1,0 mg/l ± 0,8 mg/l

± 2,5 % ± 1,4%

Messergebnis

CSB/COD/DQO

Lot value

± 0,3 mg/l

ments the quality of the reagents contained in the test kit.

Calibration function:

mg/l

The calculated function must agree, within specified tolerances, with the function electronically stored in the photometer.

Confidence interval:

Maximum deviation from the desired value over the entire mea suring

0,4

range; every measurement value can be affected by this deviation; this parameter is a measure for the accuracy.

Standard deviation for the procedure:

Measurement for the dispersion of the measurement values over the entire measuring range, ex pressed in ±mg/l.

Coefficient of variation for the procedure:

Measurement for the dispersion of the measurement values over the entire measuring range, ex pressed in %. The smaller the standard deviation/ coefficient of variation for the procedure, the more pronounced the linearity of the calibration curve.

5.2 Quality Control for the User

A complete check comprises the entire system, i. e. the working equipment and the mode of operation. The photometer offers an optimum degree of support in this re gard, in the form of the different quality mode. The instrument, or the whole system (includ ing reagents and all accessories) will be checked, depending on which quality mode selected. All of checking operations can thus be supported by the pho tometer and the check values accordingly docu mented as per GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) recommendations (see Function description, “Analytical Quality Assurance”).

The following diagram provides an overview regarding internal qualityassurance aspects:

Checking the working equipment

Pipette Test kit Photometer Thermoreactor

Checking the handling operations

Suspend the bottom sediment in the cell by swirling.

Carefully pipette 3.0 ml of the sample into a reaction cell, close tightly with the screw cap , and m ix vigorously.

Caution, the cell becomes very hot!

C2/25 CSB

1500 Chemischer

Me§bereich

100 1500 mg/l CSB

2 ml Prob

elösung

Mischen

in ein Reaktions-

Küvette wird heiß,

küvette geben

am Verschluss anfassen

Mischen

Abkühlen auf Raumtem

peratur

(mind. 30 min)

Sauerst

offbedarf

14 mm

im Thermoreaktor

mind. 10 min

erhitzen

abkühlen

148 C, 120 min

Messen

Heat the reaction cell in the thermoreactor at 148 °C for 2 hours.

Remove the reaction cell from the thermoreactor and place in a test-tube rack to cool.

Swirl the cell after 10 minutes.

= Test for the overall system

Influence of the sample

Test for recovery

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5 Analytical Quality Assurance (AQA)

5.2.1 Checking the Photometer

As soon as the photometer is activated it is running a Self-Check. This means the hardware and the soft ware of the photometer is checked and compared with internal standards.

The photometer itself is checked in the AQA 1 mode with the Spec tro quant® Photo Check: the pack in cludes round cells con tain ing stable

test solu tions (secondary

at the

445, 525, and 690 nm wave lengths. The test solutions in a refe rence photo me ter monitored with primary standards, and the certificate stating the absorbance values is enclosed with the package unit. These desired values with the per missible tolerances are entered into the pho tometer or else handwritten into the control chart. For the measure ment the cell is placed in the compartment for the round cell and identified by the photometer via the bar code, and the measured absorbance is com pared with the de sired value. The ab sorbance is shown on the display and can be entered into the corresponding control chart.

The measurement of four cells for a given wavelength tests – in addition to the wavelength accuracy – also the linearity of the absorbance over the effective range.

The verification of the instrument, as it is required by DIN/ISO 9000 or GLP, can be easily performed by using the Spec tro quant The PhotoCheck hence offering the possibility to check the instrument. All of the corresponding documentation, required by these certifi cation guidelines, is done by the photometer auto ma tically.

stan dards) for checking the photo meter

are measured

PhotoCheck.

Spectroquant® photometers

C2/25 CSB 1500 Chemischer

Sauerst

offbedarf

Me§bereich

100 1500 mg/l CSB

14 mm

2 ml Probelösung

Mischen

in ein Reaktions-

im Thermoreaktor

Küvette wird heiß,

mind. 10 min

küvette geben

erhitzen

am Verschluss

abkühlen

148 C, 120 min

anfassen

Mischen

Abkühlen auf

Messen

Raumtemperatur

(mind. 30 min)

5.2.2 Checking the Overall System

Test for the overall system includes checking the working equipment and checking the handling operations.

The overall system can be checked using standard solutions of a known content, preferably with the Spectroquant® CombiCheck; this corres ponds with the AQA 2 mode in the photometer.

Spectroquant® CombiCheck are ready-to-use standard solutions that in terms of the analyte concentration are finely adjusted to the individual test kits. They contain a mixture of several analytes that do not interfere with each other. The stan dard solution (R -1) is used in the same way as a sample. A double determination is recommended as a measure to diagnose any random errors.

Standard solutions for photometric applications (CRM) are ready-touse standard solutions that in terms of the analyte concentration are finely adjusted to the individual test kits. The standard solution is used in the same way as a sample. A double determination is recommended as a measure to diagnose any random errors.

In addition to the CombiCheck and the standard solutions for photometric applications, it is also possible to use CertiPUR® stan dard solutions for this checking procedure. These contain 1000 mg of the respective analyte per liter of solution. They can be diluted to different final con cen trations, which should preferably lie approxi mately in the middle of the mea sur ing range of the re spective test kit. The table presented in Appendix 2 pro vides an over-view of the available CombiCheck and ready-to-use standard solu tions.

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Spectroquant® photometers

5 Analytical Quality Assurance (AQA)

Due to li mited shelf-life characteristics, there are no CombiCheck or ready-to-use standard solutions for certain parameters. Appendix 3 is a compilation of standard working procedures necessary to make your own solutions of a defined concentration. This allows the control of parameters where there are no simple to prepare solutions available.

If the test for the overall system shows that all requirements are fulfilled, the individual results are flagged as AQA2. If not, an error message is given and the individual components of the instrument have to be checked in detail.

5.2.3 Checking the Pipettes

The Spectroquant contains cells filled with color-dye concentrates. After the addition of a predefined volume ured against a corre sponding reference cell also contained in the pack. The difference in the absorbance values of the measurement cell and reference cell may not exceed the tolerances given in the package insert. If the tolerances are exceeded, the instructions given in the section “Pipetting system” must be followed accordingly.

PipeCheck is used to check the pipettes. The pack

of water using the pipette in question, the

cell is meas-

5.2.4 Checking Thermoreactors

This is checked by means of the thermosensor. The thermoreactor is preheated as described in the Instructions for use. When the control lamp goes out, the temperature is measured in any one of the bores of the thermoreactor. The following desired temperatures must be achieved:

Block temperature 100 °C = desired temperature 100 ±3 °C Block temperature 120 °C = desired temperature 120 ±3 °C Block temperature 148 °C = desired temperature 148 ±3 °C

The even distribution of the temperature over all bores can also be documented using the thermosensor.

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5 Analytical Quality Assurance (AQA)

5.2.5 Testing for Handling Errors

The user’s own mode of operation must also be subjected to an exact analysis. The following questions may serve as a guide in this regard:

Is the test kit optimal for the measurement assignment in question?

•

Is the test kit’s measuring range suitable?

•

Were the operating instructions for the test followed

•

Was the sample volume correct?

•

Was the pipette handled properly?

•

Was a new pipette tip used?

•

Is the pH of the sample and measurement solution correct?

•

Was the reaction time adhered to?

•

Does the sample and reagent temperature lie within the correct range?

•

Is the cell clean and free from scratches?

•

Has the expiry date for the test kit been exceeded?

•

Spectroquant® photometers

5.3 Determination of Sample Influences (matrix effects)

The influence of other substances contained in the sample may, under certain cir cumstances, be so great that their recovery rates lie in the region of several percent. It is recommended to check for any influence by using the addition solution contain ed in the Spectroquant

A defined quantity of the addition solution (R-2), which contains a known concen tration of the respective analyte, is added to the sample and the recovery rate is de termined. The following difference is then calculated:

Result (sample + addition solution) – Result (sample)

If the calculated difference is equal to the concen tration of analyte of addition solution that was add ed, the recovery rate is 100 %. If the difference is less than 90 %, then a matrix inter ference is present.

CombiCheck pack.

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Spectroquant® photometers

5 Analytical Quality Assurance (AQA)

5.4 Definition of Errors

It is obvious that measurement results as a rule may be associated with errors. This applies equally to standardized methods of analysis (reference methods) and to rou tine analysis. The discovery and the minimization of errors must be the objective here.

A distinction is made between systematic errors and random errors.

Systematic errors are present when all the results of an analysis deviate from the true value with the same algebraic sign. Examples here include: a wrong sample volume, a wrong pH, a wrong reaction time, a samplematrix influence, etc. Systematic errors thus affect the accuracy of the method of analysis.

Accuracy = Deviation of the measured concentration from the true concentration

Random errors manifest themselves in the form of a wide range of deviation of the results of a given sample. These can be kept to a minimum by ensuring good operat ing techniques and multiple determina tion with calculation of the mean values. Ran dom errors make the result of the analysis unreliable; they influence the precision.

Precision = Dispersion of the results among each other

The following diagram illustrates the aspects of accuracy and precision:

Accuracy: poor Precision: poor Major errors have been made!

Accuracy: good Precision: poor Calculation of the mean values from at least three – or better even more – parallel determina tions yields an approximation of the true value.

Accuracy: poor Precision: good The high degree of precision mis takenly indicates a correct value!

Accuracy: good Precision: good

The ideal objective!

Release 06/2014

Spectroquant

UV/VIS Spectrophotometer

Pharo 300

Description of Function

Spectroquant

Pharo 300

Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Accuracy when going to

press

The use of advanced technology and the high quality standard of our instruments are the result of continuous development. This may result in differences between this operating manual and your instrument. Also, we cannot guarantee that there are absolutely no errors in this manual. Therefore, we are sure you will understand that we cannot accept any legal claims resulting from the data, figures or descriptions.

Frankfurter Str. 250 D-64271 Darmstadt Germany Internet: www.analytical-test-kits.com

Reprinting - even as excerpts - allowed only with the explicit written authorization of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Contents

Spectroquant® Pharo 300 - Contents

1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

1.1 Overview of the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

1.2 Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

1.3 Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

2 Safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

2.1 Target group and user qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

2.2 Authorized use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2.3 General safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2.4 Handling of hazardous substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

3 Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

3.1 Scope of delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

3.2 General notes on handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

3.3 Initial commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

3.3.1 Inserting the buffer batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

3.3.2 Connecting the power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

3.3.3 Switching on the photometer for the first time . . 41

3.3.4 Setting the language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

3.3.5 Setting the date and time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

3.4 Connecting optional accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3.4.1 Communication interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3.4.2 PC/printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

3.4.3 USB memory device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

3.4.4 PC keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

3.4.5 Barcode reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

3.4.6 12 V-Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

4.1 Switching on or off the photometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

4.2 General operating principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

4.2.1 Navigating with function keys and menus . . . . . 52

4.2.2 Display of navigation paths in short form . . . . . 54

4.2.3 Entry of numerals, letters and characters . . . . . 55

4.2.4 Detailed operating example: Changing the

language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

4.3 Photometer settings and system administration . . . . . . 58

4.3.1 Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

4.3.2 Date/Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

4.3.3 Display settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

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Contents Spectroquant® Pharo 300

4.4 Zero adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

4.5 Measuring in Concentration mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

4.5.1 Measuring cell tests with barcode . . . . . . . . . . . 66

4.5.2 Measuring reagent tests with AutoSelector . . . . 67

4.5.3 Measuring reagent-free tests and user-defined

methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

4.5.4 Exceeding the upper or lower limits of the

measuring range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

4.5.5 Selecting a method manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

4.5.6 Settings for Concentration mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

4.5.7 Measuring diluted samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

4.5.8 Sample blank value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

4.5.9 Reagent blank value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

4.5.10 User calibration (standard adjustment) . . . . . . . 83

4.5.11 Automatic Turbidity correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

4.5.12 Programming / modifying user-defined methods 90

4.6 Measuring the Absorbance / % Transmission . . . . . . . 101

4.6.1 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

4.6.2 Measuring the absorbance or transmission . . . 101

4.6.3 Measuring against the Reference absorbance 103

4.7 Special / Multi wavelengths methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

4.7.1 Basic information on Special / Multi wavelengths

measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

4.7.2 Programming / modifying the Special / Multi

wavelengths methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

4.7.3 Selecting a Special / Multi wavelengths method113

4.7.4 Carrying out Special / Multi wavelengths

measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

4.8 Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

4.8.1 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

4.8.2 Recording the Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

4.8.3 Loading/editing a spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

4.8.4 Saving / exporting a spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

4.9 Kinetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

4.9.1 Creating/editing profiles for Kinetics recordings 125

4.9.2 Loading a profile for Kinetics recording . . . . . . 128

4.9.3 Recording the Kinetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

4.9.4 Saving / exporting a Kinetics record . . . . . . . . 132

4.9.5 Loading a Kinetics record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

4.9.6 Editing a Kinetics record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

4.10 Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

4.10.1 User defined timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

4.10.2 Analysis timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

4.11 Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

4.11.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

4.11.2 Instructions on using USB memory devices 144

4.11.3 Measurement datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

4.11.4 Saving measurement datasets manually . . . . 145

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Contents

4.11.5 Saving measurement datasets automatically . 145

4.11.6 Displaying measurement data memory . . . . . . 146

4.11.7 Filtering measurement datasets . . . . . . . . . . . 148

4.11.8 Inverting filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

4.11.9 Erasing stored measurement datasets . . . . . . 150

4.11.10 Saving kinetic recordings, spectra and AQA

files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

4.11.11 Saving data as a pdf file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

4.12 Saving / exporting files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

4.12.1 Copying all measurement data files to a USB

memory device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

4.12.2 Copying user-defined methods / profiles to a

USB memory device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

4.12.3 Copying files to a PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

4.13 Importing files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

4.13.1 Importing spectra or kinetic recordings from a

USB memory device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

4.13.2 Importing methods / profiles from a

USB memory device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

4.13.3 Importing files from a PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

4.14 Printing data (RS232, USB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

4.14.1 Printer and terminal programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

4.14.2 Settings for data transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

4.14.3 Printing measurement datasets . . . . . . . . . . . 159

4.14.4 Printing Kinetics records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

4.14.5 Printing spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

4.15 Analytical quality assurance (AQA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

4.15.1 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

4.15.2 Photometer monitoring (AQA1) . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

4.15.3 Total system monitoring (AQA2) . . . . . . . . . . . 168

4.15.4 AQA3/MatrixCheck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

4.16 User management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

4.16.1 User levels and user rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

4.16.2 Activating or deactivating the User

management function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

4.16.3 Creating, changing or deleting a user account 180

4.16.4 Login with active user management . . . . . . . . 182

4.16.5 Changing the password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

4.17 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

4.18 Photometer information ([Info]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

4.19 Lamp counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

4.20 Software and methods update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

4.20.1 Update using a USB memory device . . . . . . . 187

4.20.2 Update using a PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

4.20.3 Language update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

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Contents Spectroquant® Pharo 300

5 Maintenance and cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

5.1 Exchanging the buffer batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

5.2 Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

5.2.1 Cleaning the enclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

5.2.2 Cleaning the cell shaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

5.2.3 Cleaning the detector lens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

6 What to do if ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

6.1 Actions in the case of a broken cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

6.2 Error causes and remedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

7 Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

7.1 Measurement characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

7.2 Measured value documentation and quality assurance 202

7.3 General meter data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

8 Accessories and options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

8.1 Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

8.2 Test equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

8.3 Optional equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

8.4 Connection cable: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

A.1 Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

A.1.1 Measuring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

A.1.2 General settings and functions . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

A.2 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

A.3 List of trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

A.4 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Overview

1 Overview

1.1 Overview of the instrument

Front of the

instrument

Socket field on the

rear panel

Fig. 1-1 Front of the instrument with operating elements

1 Display 2 Keypad 3 Shaft for rectangular cells 4 Turn-up lid 5 Shaft for round cells 6 Cell shaft cover

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7 Connection for power pack 8 RS232 connection 9 USB-A connection 10 USB-B connection

Fig. 1-2 Rear panel with socket field

Note

All connections comply with SELV.

Overview Spectroquant® Pharo 300

1.2 Keypad

Overview

1 Function keys F1 to F4 (function menu-depending) 2 Alphanumeric keypad 3 Keys with dedicated function

Fig. 1-3 Keypad

Key functions The keys on the right side of the keypad have the following functions:

Key Designation Functions

<ON/OFF> – Switches on and off the photome-

ter

<HOME> – Switches to the main menu from

any operating situation. Actions that are not completed are canceled.

<PRINT> – Outputs the displayed measured

value to an interface if the Printer symbol is displayed in the status line.

<STORE> – Saves a displayed measured

value or spectrum if the Save symbol is displayed in the status line.

<BLANK ZERO> – Starts one of the following mea-

surements, depending on the operating situation:

- Zero adjustment

- Blank value measurement

- Baseline measurement

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Overview

Key Designation Functions

<TIMER> – Opens the menu, Timer.

<ESC> – Cancels the running action.

Entries that have not yet been accepted are discarded.

– Switches to the next higher menu

level.

<START ENTER> – Starts an action (e.g. measure-

ment) – Opens a selected menu – Confirms a selection or entry

<▲>or

<▼>

– Moves the selection in menus and

lists one position up or down

<> – Deletes the character left of the

cursor during character entries – Moves the cursor to the left in a

spectrum or kinetic diagram

(Arrow keys)

<> – Moves the cursor to the right in a

spectrum or kinetic diagram

Function keys The function keys F1 to F4 have different functions depending on the operat-

ing situation. The current functions are displayed in the function key menu at the bottom edge of the display (see section 4.2.1).

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Overview Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Concentration

16.04.07 9:52

1.92

mg/l

18: 14752

NH4-N

10 mm

0.05 - 3.00 mg/l

Setup

Method list

Citation form Unit

1.3 Display

Display elements

1 Status line (current state, date and time) 2 Display range for menus and measurement results 3 Function keys menu

Fig. 1-4 Display

Symbols in the

status line

Symbol Designation Function

Save The <STORE> key is active.

You can store the displayed data with <STORE> (see section 4.11).

Printer The <PRINT> key is active.

You can output to an interface the displayed data with <PRINT> (see section 4.14).

Progress bar During the warm-up time (15 minutes) a

progress bar appears on the display. The reproducibility of measured values is limited during the warm-up time (see section

4.14).

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Safety instructions

2 Safety instructions

This operating manual contains basic instructions that you must follow during the commissioning, operation and maintenance of the photometer. Consequently, all responsible personnel must read this operating manual carefully before working with the meter. Keep this operating manual in the vicinity of the meter.

General safety

instructions

Other labels

Safety instructions in this operating manual are indicated by the warning symbol (triangle) in the left column. The signal word (such as "CAUTION") indicates the danger level:

WARNING

indicates instructions that must be followed precisely in order to prevent serious dangers to personnel.

CAUTION

indicates instructions that must be followed precisely in order to avoid slight injuries to personnel or damage to the instrument or the environment.

Note

indicates notes that draw your attention to special features.

Note

indicates cross-references to other documents.

2.1 Target group and user qualification

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Carrying out photometric determinations with the aid of test sets frequently requires the handling of hazardous substances.

We assume that the operating personnel know how to handle hazardous substances due to their professional training and experience. The operating personnel must particularly be able to understand and correctly implement the safety labels and safety instructions on the packages and inserts of the test sets.

Safety instructions Spectroquant® Pharo 300

2.2 Authorized use

The Photometer was developed for use in the laboratory for water analysis. Follow the technical specifications of the cells in chapter 7 T

ECHNICAL DATA.

Any other use is considered to be unauthorized.

2.3 General safety instructions

The photometer is built and inspected according to the relevant guidelines and norms for electronic instruments (see chapter 7 T the factory in a safe and secure technical condition.

Note

The opening of the photometer or adjustment and repair work must only be performed by specialist personnel authorized by the manufacturer. Noncompliance invalidates any claim with regard to the warranty.

ECHNICAL DATA). It left

Function and

operational safety

The smooth functioning and operational safety of the photometer can only be guaranteed if the generally applicable safety measures and the specific safety instructions in this operating manual are followed during operation.

The smooth functioning and operational safety of the photometer can only be guaranteed under the environmental conditions that are specified in chapter

ECHNICAL DATA.

7 T

If the photometer was transported from a cold environment to a warm environment, the formation of condensate can lead to the faulty functioning of the meter. In this event, wait until the temperature of the meter reaches room temperature before putting the meter back into operation.

Safe operation If safe operation is no longer possible, the photometer must be taken out of

operation and secured against inadvertent operation.

Safe operation is no longer possible if the photometer:

 has been damaged in transport  has been stored under adverse conditions for a lengthy period of time  is visibly damaged  no longer operates as described in this manual.

If you are in any doubt, contact the supplier of your photometer.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Safety instructions

2.4 Handling of hazardous substances

When developing test sets, Merck carefully sees that the tests can be carried out as safely as possible. Some hazards by dangerous substances, however, cannot always be avoided.

WARNING

Improper handling of certain reagents can cause damage to your health. In any case follow the safety labels on the packing and the safety instructions of the package insert. Protective measures specified there have to be followed exactly.

Safety datasheets The safety datasheets of the chemicals comprise all instructions on safe han-

dling, occurring hazards, preventive actions and actions to take in hazardous situations. Follow these instructions in order to work safely.

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Safety instructions Spectroquant® Pharo 300

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Commissioning

3 Commissioning

3.1 Scope of delivery

 Spectrophotometer Spectroquant® Pharo 300  Power pack connection cable  Buffer batteries 4 x AA alkaline manganese (Mignon)  Zero cell (16 mm, round)  Short instructions  CD-ROM with

– Detailed operating manual – Analysis instructions – SpectralTransfer software – Language updates to install additional character sets (see section

4.20.3)

Packing This photometer is sent out in a protective transport packing.

CAUTION

Keep the original packing including the inner packing to protect the instrument against hard shocks if it has to be transported. Note that damage caused by improper transport voids all warranty claims.

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Commissioning Spectroquant® Pharo 300

3.2 General notes on handling

The Spectroquant® Pharo 300 photometer is an optical precision meter. Therefore, it should always be handled with care, especially in mobile use. Always protect the meter from conditions that could damage the mechanical, optical and electronic components. Heed the following points especially:

 The temperature and humidity during operation and storage must be

within the limits specified in chapter 7 T

 The following influences always have to be avoided with the meter:

– Extreme dust, moisture and wetness – Exposure to intensive light and heat – Fumes that are corrosive or contain high concentrations of solvents.

 For measuring, the meter must be placed on a flat surface.  Spilled liquid or other material should be removed immediately (see sec-

tion 5.2 C

LEANING).

ECHNICAL DATA.

 If a cell has broken in the cell shaft, the cell shaft should be cleaned imme-

diately (see section 6.1 A

CTIONS IN THE CASE OF A BROKEN CELL).

 The cell shaft should always be closed when the photometer is not used.  During transport of the photometer, the cell shaft has to be empty.  For mobile use we recommend the suitable transport case (see section

8.1 A

CCESSORIES).

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Commissioning

3.3 Initial commissioning

Perform the following activities:

 Insert the buffer batteries (see section 3.3.1)  Connect the power supply (see section 3.3.2)  Switch on the photometer (see section 3.3.3)  Set the language (see section 3.3.4)  Set the date and time (see section 3.3.5)  Carry out a zero adjustment (see section 4.4)

Note

When you set the language, date and time according to the mentioned sections of this operating manual you will quickly become familiar with the simple operation of the Spectroquant operation are given in section 4.2 G

Pharo 300. More detailed instructions on

ENERAL OPERATING PRINCIPLES.

3.3.1 Inserting the buffer batteries

The buffer batteries supply the integrated clock while the photometer is switched off. Four alkaline manganese batteries (type AA or Mignon) separately included in the scope of delivery are used as the buffer batteries.

Insert the batteries as follows:

1 Turn the photometer upside down

and place it on a soft surface.

2 Open the lid of the battery com-

partment (1).

3 Insert the four batteries in the bat-

tery compartment. Make sure that the poles of the batteries are in the correct position. The ± signs on the batteries must correspond to the ± signs in the battery compartment.

4 Close the lid of the battery com-

partment.

Battery service life The power consumption of the clock is very low. The lifetime of high quality

batteries is at least 5 years.

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Commissioning Spectroquant® Pharo 300

3.3.2 Connecting the power supply

The power is supplied via the enclosed plug-in power pack. The power pack supplies the photometer with low voltage (12 VDC).

CAUTION

The line voltage of the usage location must fulfill the specifications stated on the power pack (the specifications are also given in chapter 7 T

ECHNICAL DATA). Always use the supplied 12 V original power pack on-

ly. The power pack is not suitable for operation with older photometers (ser.no. prior to 1319xxxx).

Connecting the

plug-in power pack

Operation with a

mobile 12 V power

source

1 Connect the miniplug of the power

pack to the socket (1) of the photometer.

2 Connect the power pack to an

easily accessible power socket. The display illumination switches

itself on and then off again.

You can also operate the Spectroquant

Pharo 300 on the move and inde-

pendent of the local power supply. To do so, a 12 V power supply such as a commercial 12 V portable power

source or a 12 V car battery and the 12 V-Adapter available as an accessory is required (see section 8.1).

More detailed information on operation is available:

 in section 3.4.6 and  in the operating manual of the 12 V-Adapter .

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Commissioning

3.3.3 Switching on the photometer for the first time

During the initial commissioning, the photometer automatically guides you through the setting of the meter language, date and time after switching on (see following sections).

Language

Englisch ✓

English Fran?ais Espa?ol Italiano Bulgarian/Български ?esko Simplified Chinese/ 中文 Traditional Chinese/ 繁體中文 Greek/Ελληνικ? Indonesian/Indonesia

16.04.07 9:52

1 Press <ON/OFF>.

The photometer is switched on. The display switches to the setting

of the language (see section

3.3.4). After the setting of the language

the photometer carries out the self-test.

When the initial commissioning is completed, the photometer displays the Home menu each time after it is switched on and after the self-test (see section 4.1).

3.3.4 Setting the language

During the initial commissioning the photometer automatically guides you to the setting of the meter language after switching on.

Language

Englisch ✓

English Fran?ais Espa?ol Italiano Bulgarian/Български ?esko Simplified Chinese/ 中文 Traditional Chinese/ 繁體中文 Greek/Ελληνικ? Indonesian/Indonesia

16.04.07 9:52

1 Select a language with <▲><▼>. 2 Confirm the selected language

with <START ENTER>. The language has been set.

The currently selected language is marked by a check.

The display switches to the setting of the Date and Time (see section

3.3.5).

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After the initial commissioning, you can change the language in the General setup / Language menu at any time (see section 4.2.4).

Commissioning Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Date/Time

16.04.07 9:52

Date 16.04.2007

Time 9:52:09

Date/Time

16.04.07 9:52

Date 16.04.2007

Time 9:52:09

Date

23 .10.2006

Date/Time

16.04.07 9:52

Date 16.04.2007

Time 9:52:09

Time 10

:22 :09

3.3.5 Setting the date and time

During the initial commissioning, the instrument automatically guides you to the setting of the time and date after the setting of the language.

The Date/Time menu is open. Using <▲><▼>, select a menu

item and confirm or open it with

1 Select and confirm Date.

The input field for the current date pops up.

2 Enter the current date with <0...9>

and confirm. The input field closes.

The date is accepted.

3 Select and confirm Time.

The input field for the current time pops up.

4 Enter the current time with <0...9>

and confirm. The input field closes.

The time is accepted.

After the initial commissioning, you can change the date and time in the Gen- eral setup / Date/Time menu at any time (see section 4.2.4).

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Commissioning

3.4 Connecting optional accessories

3.4.1 Communication interfaces

Connections

RS232

USB-A

figure 3-1 Communication interfaces on the rear panel

USB-B

You can connect the following accessories to the photometer:

 PC (see section 3.4.2)  Printer (see section 3.4.2)  USB storage media (see section 3.4.3)  USB-PC keyboard (see section 3.4.4)  Barcode reader (see section 3.4.5)  12 V-Adapter (see section 3.4.6)

Note

If you want to connect several USB devices such as a USB-PC keyboard and a USB memory device to the meter, you can increase the number of USB-A sockets by a commercially available USB-2 hub with separate power supply.

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Commissioning Spectroquant® Pharo 300

3.4.2 PC/printer

PC and printer can be connected to the photometer as follows:

Interface PC Printer Functions

RS232

USB-A

USB-B





 -

The data is sent to the interface with <PRINT>.

 If a printer is connected, the data is

printed out.

 If a PC is connected, the data can be

received with a terminal program (see section 4.14).

The data is printed out with <PRINT>.

Enables the direct connection of photometer and PC. With this you can transmit measurement data to the PC (see section 4.12 and section 4.14) or update the photometer software (see section

4.20.1). The direct connection with the PC is

established with the aid of the "SpectralTransfer" program. The program is provided on the supplied CD-ROM.

More instructions on how to establish the connection are given in the operating manual of the "SpectralTransfer" program (see CD-ROM).

Note

Suitable are all printers that can interpret the PCL-3 printer control language.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Commissioning

Operation at RS232 Connect the RS232 interface to the devices as follows:

 PC: with a commercially available zero modem cable  Printer: with a commercially available RS232 printer cable

The cables are available in specialized computer shops.

Set up the following interface data at the PC/printer:

Baud rate Selectable from 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200

The baud rate must agree with the baud rate set on the PC/printer.

Flow control

none

("handshake")

Parity none

Data bits 8

Stop bits 1

3.4.3 USB memory device

Using a USB memory device (such as a USB flash drive), you can

 update the meter software and method data (section 4.20)  transmit data to the USB memory device (section 4.11 and section 4.12).

USB memory devices are connected to the USB-A interface.

Note

Please follow the instructions on using USB memory devices (see section

4.11.2).

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Commissioning Spectroquant® Pharo 300

3.4.4 PC keyboard

With the PC keyboard it is possible to enter letters, e.g. to assign names for identification (ID).

In addition, the following keys of the PC keyboard are assigned with the following functions of the photometer:

PC keyboard Photometer

Enter <START ENTER>

Esc <ESC>

F1 to F4 Function keys <F1> to <F4>

The USB-PC keyboard is connected to the USB-A interface.

3.4.5 Barcode reader

The barcode reader enables the simplified entering of alphanumerical character strings and can be used in all operating situations that require the entry of text or numerals. The barcode reader is connected to the USB-A interface.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Commissioning

3.4.6 12 V-Adapter

With the 12 V-Adapter you can operate the Spectroquant

Pharo 300 spectrophotometer on the move and independent of the local power supply. To do so, a 12 V power supply such as a commercial 12 V portable power source or a 12 V car battery is required.

12 V-Adapter

12 V power supply unit

Spectroquant

Pharo 300

(e.g. portable power source or car battery )

Safety instructions For operation with an external battery, follow the safety instructions of the

battery. Make sure the power source is suitable for operation of the spectrophotometer (see technical data of the power source and technical data of the spectrophotometer).

Operating time with

battery

The maximum operating time depends on various factors:

 Battery (e.g. nominal capacity, condition, age)  Operating mode of the spectrophotometer (e.g. frequency of measure-

ments)

 Photometer (instrument type)

Example Operating time with a type 12 V / 19 Ah battery in optimum condition: approx.

16h

Note

The spectrophotometer consumes electricity even while it is in standby mode. We recommend to disconnect the 12 V-Adapter if you do not use the photometer during battery operation.

Technical data

12 V-Adapter

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Cable length 2 m max. voltage 12 V max. current 8 A

Commissioning Spectroquant® Pharo 300

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

4Operation

4.1 Switching on or off the photometer

Switching on

Self test

Please make sure no cell is inserted and the cover is closed. Then press <START/ENTER>

Setup Info

Enter user name

Administrator

16.04.07 9:52

1 Switch the photometer on with

<ON/OFF>.

The display shows

– the Self test dialog (if the user

management is not active).

– the Login dialog

(if the user management is active).

With activated user management:

2 Login

Enter user name and password or register as a guest (see section

4.16.4). Then the photometer displays the

Self test dialog.

Starting the

Self test

Self test During the self-test, all cells must be removed and the cell shaft cover closed.

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Self test

Please make sure no cell is inserted and the cover is closed. Then press <START/ENTER>

16.04.07 9:52

3 Remove all cells and close the cell

shaft cover.

4 Start the self-test with

<START ENTER>.

The photometer carries out the self-test.

Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Self test

16.04.07 9:52

Keep cover closed

System test Filter test Lamp test Wavelength calibration

Progress bar during warm-up time

The self-test includes:

– the test of the memory, proces-

sor, internal interfaces, filter and lamp

– a calibration for each wave-

length

After the self-test is completed, the main menu is displayed.

Note

The result of the self-test can be viewed and printed with the [Info] function key (see section 4.18).

Warm-up time After being switched on the photometer requires a warm-up time of 15 min-

utes. Reproducibility of measurement data is restricted during the warm-up time. Therefore, do not measure during the warm-up time.

During the warm-up time, a progress bar appears on the display next to the date. The progress bar disappears as soon as the warm-up time is over.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

AutoCheck With the AutoCheck function the photometer checks and calibrates the opti-

cal measuring unit. The AutoCheck is automatically carried out if measurement settings were changed since the last measurement, e.g.:

 if a different wavelength was selected or  if a different method was selected.

If necessary, the photometer asks you to remove the cell from the cell shaft. With unchanged measurement settings, the AutoCheck is carried out in the

background at regular intervals of 5 minutes. The AutoCheck can only be carried out in the background if the cell shaft is empty. If a cell is in the cell shaft the AutoCheck is carried out only after the cell was removed.

Note

Remove the cell from the cell shaft after every measurement. Thus the photometer can carry out the regular AutoCheck. Cells must be completely removed from the cell shaft. Cells that are removed only half disturb the AutoCheck measurement and, as a consequence, falsify measured values until the next AutoCheck is carried out. Plastic cells that are not recognized by the automatic cell recognition also disturb the AutoCheck.

Note

During a running kinetic measurement the photometer cannot carry out any AutoCheck. That is why in this case a warm-up time of two hours is required. After this time the signal is stable enough so that the measurement accuracy is secured over a longer period of time.

Automatic

wavelength

calibration

With the automatic wavelength calibration function the photometer checks and calibrates the accuracy of the wavelengths created by the monochromator.

The wavelength calibration of the photometer is regularly carried out after switching on (with the self-test) and is automatically repeated during operation after 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes.

A note is displayed while the photometer is carrying out the automatic wavelength calibration. The automatic wavelength calibration only starts when the cell shaft is empty. If a cell is in the cell shaft the wavelength calibration is carried out only after the cell was removed.

Display illumination The photometer automatically switches off the display illumination if no key

has been pressed for 5 minutes. The illumination is switched on again with the next keystroke. The function of the key becomes active only with the following keystroke.

Switching off To switch the photometer off, keep the <ON/OFF> key depressed until the

photometer is switched off.

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Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Press twice<>q

Moves the selection down by 2 positions

Current selection in reverse video

Confirm selection with <START ENTER>

Further navigation

andwith <><>pq

Further navigation with function keys (here: F1 and F2)

Press the F1 Funktion key ("Settings")

Opens the "Settings" submenu

Updated function key menu in the multi wavelengths mode

Function key menu

Main menu

4.2 General operating principles

4.2.1 Navigating with function keys and menus

figure 4-1 Example of navigation with function keys (left) and "classical" menu navigation

(right)

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

Use of the function

keys

Navigation with

arrow keys

(<▲><▼>) and

The function keys F1 to F4 are below the display. Their functions change depending on the operating situation and mode. The current functions are displayed in the function key menu at the bottom edge of the display.

Apart from navigation, the function keys are also used for other operations:

 Opening a selection list or input field  Executing a command (directly or with intermediate query)  Switch over between two display options,

such as absorbance

 transmission

These operating elements are used to select an item from a menu or list. The current selection is displayed in reverse video. Pressing of <START ENTER> confirms the selection.

Apart from navigation, the <START ENTER> key is also used for other operations:

 Opening a selection list or input field  Confirming a selection  Confirming entries of text and numerals  Executing a command (directly or with intermediate query)  Activating an item in a selection list (✓ = active)

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Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

<HOME>

[General setup]

– Language

Bold letters and angle brackets indicate a key on the photometer (except function keys).

→ Press the "Home" key.

The main menu is called up.

Square brackets indicate a function key F1 to F4. The text between the brackets corresponds to the assignment according to the function key menu on the bottom edge of the display.

→ Press the function key with the

assignment "Settings"

Text without brackets stands for a menu item indicated on the display (list item).

→ Select the menu item with the

arrow keys

<><>. The cur-

rent selection is displayed in reverse video.

→ Then press <START ENTER>.

4.2.2 Display of navigation paths in short form

In this operating manual, the introductory navigation steps leading to individual menus or dialogs are clearly shown in a gray box. The box indicates a section of the menu tree.

Starting point of the description is always the main menu, which can be reached with the <HOME> key from any operating situation. From there navigation takes place downward.

Operating example:

Navigation to the

setting menu for the

The following example shows the elements of the menu tree with the relevant operating steps:

language

Further navigation options:

 The <ESC> key moves you one level up in the menu tree.  The <HOME> key directly calls up the main menu.

Note

If you are "lost" in a menu, press <HOME> and restart navigating from the main menu.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

Note

The complete menu tree is given in the appendix of this operating manual.

4.2.3 Entry of numerals, letters and characters

Numerals, letters, punctuation marks and special characters are entered with the alphanumeric keypad of the meter or using an external keyboard. Entries are required in operating situations such as the following:

 Entering the date and time  Entering an ID e.g. when storing measurement data  Selecting a method with the [Search] function  Programming user-defined methods  Entering user name and password  Administrating users

Character set The following characters are available:

 Numerals 0 ... 9  Letters A ... Z and a ... z  Punctuation marks. -  Special characters ° / + ² ³ # %

Operating principle Entering characters is always possible if there is an input field on the display.

The numerals and characters (expect for the small letters) assigned to the keys of the alphanumeric keypad are printed on the keys. Example: With the <7/PQRS> key you can enter the following characters: 7, P, Q, R, S, p, q, r, s.

Select the required character by pressing the key several times (similar to a mobile phone). When pressing a key that is assigned to several characters once, the respective numeral appears first. To enter a numeral, one keypressing is always sufficient.

When pressing the key for the first time a line pops up that displays all characters possible with this key. The currently selected character is highlighted.

A character is taken over in the input field if

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 the character is highlighted for more than one second,  the character is confirmed with <START ENTER>,  another alphanumeric key is pressed.

Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Enter ID

8 T U V t u v

Enter ID

T 8

T U V t u v

Enter ID

Test_

Note

During mere number entries (such as entering a wavelength), the keys of the alphanumeric keypad are assigned to the respective numeral only. Each keypressing directly enters the numeral (like a pocket calculator).

Special characters Special characters are entered with the <1/*> key.

Operating example:

Entering the ID

Correcting incorrect

entries

The Enter ID input field appears if you press the <STORE> key while the stor- ing symbol is visible. In the following example a measurement dataset with the ID "Test" is stored.

1 Press <8/TUV> several times until

"T" appears in the input line. Below the input field, a selection

line pops up with all characters that are available for this key, e.g. 8 T U V t u v. The currently selected character is highlighted.

After approx. one second the character is taken over and the selection line closed.

2 Complete the ID with <A...9> and

confirm.

Using <>, erase all characters until you have reached the incorrect digit and repeat the entry from there.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

4.2.4 Detailed operating example: Changing the language

1 Call up the main menu with the

<HOME> key.

2 Open the General setup menu

with the F1 function key [Setup].

General setup

Language

Date/Time Display settings User managementg Measured value memory Software/methods update Reset Data transfer/Printer Exchange methods/profiles Save data to USB memory device Unlock application packages

Language

Deutsch ✓

English Français Español Italiano Bulgarian/Български Česko Chinese/ 中文 Traditional Chinese/ 繁體中文 Greek/Ελληνικά Indonesian/Indonesia

Deutsch ✓

16.04.07 9:52

3 Using <><>

, select the Lan-

guage menu item and open with

<START ENTER>. The Language menu shows a list

with the available languages. The currently active language is marked by a check.

4 Select the required language from

the list with <><> and confirm with <START ENTER>.

The selected language is taken over immediately. The photometer moves up one menu level.

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Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

4.3 Photometer settings and system administration

The general photometer settings are done in the <HOME> -> General setup menu. The general photometer settings comprise:

 Language (see section 4.3.1)  Date/time (see section 4.3.2 and section 4.2.4)  Display characteristics (see section 4.3.3)  User management (see section 4.16)  Administration of the measurement data memory (see section 4.11)  Software and method update (see section 4.20)  Reset of the settings to default values (see section 4.17)  Settings for data transmission (see section 4.14.2)

4.3.1 Language

The complete list of the available instrument languages is given in the Language chapter 7 T

ECHNICAL DATA menu of the photometer.

Note

If you want to set some special languages on your photometer (e.g. Chinese or Thai), a character set extension is required to display the characters (see section 4.20.3).

For more languages please contact your Merck supplier.

Note

How to set the language is described in detail in the operating example in section 4.2.4.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

4.3.2 Date/Time

The date format is set automatically with the language setting. According to the locally usual version, the date format is displayed in the order, Day.Month.Year (DD.MM.YY) or Month/Day/Year (MM/DD/YY or MM.DD.YY).

<HOME>

[General setup]

– Date/Time

The Date/Time menu is open.

1 Select and confirm Date.

The input field for the current date pops up.

Date/Time

Date 16.04.2007

Time 9:52:09

Date

23 .10.2006

Date/Time

Date 16.04.2007

Time 9:52:09

Time 10

:22 :09

16.04.07 9:52

2 Enter the current date with <0...9>

and confirm. The input field closes.

The date is accepted.

3 Select and confirm Time.

The input field for the current time pops up.

4 Enter the current time with <0...9>

and confirm. The input field closes.

The time is accepted.

ba75703d07 04/2014

Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

<HOME>

[General setup]

– Display settings

Display settings

16.04.07 9:52

Contrast 50 %

4.3.3 Display settings

Here you can adjust the display contrast to the lighting conditions.

1 Select and confirm Contrast.

A slide control for the display contrast appears.

2 Using <><>, set the display

contrast and confirm.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

4.4 Zero adjustment

A valid zero adjustment is required for the calculation of measured values in the modes, Concentration, Absorbance / % Transmission, Special / Multi wavelengths and Kinetics. With a zero adjustment, the absorbance of a cell filled with distilled water ("zero cell") is measured and stored.

Factory zero

adjustment for

concentration

measurements

For all measurements with Spectroquant factory zero adjustment is available in the delivery condition. We recommend replacing it with a zero adjustment of your own.

test sets (Concentration mode), a

Zero adjustment for

absorbance

measurements

In the Absorbance mode, the zero adjustment has to be carried out separately for each cell type and each used wavelength. If a zero adjustment exists already for the inserted cell type at the selected wavelength, the date and time of the last zero adjustment are displayed in the top right area of the display.

Absorbance

To start measurement, insert cell or press <START/ ENTER>

525 nm 10 mm

Setup Wavelength Transmission Reference

16.04.07 9:52

[ZERO 11.11.2010 11:11]

If no zero adjustment is available, the photometer will prompt you to carry out a zero adjustment.

Note

The cells must be absolutely clean and free of scratches. Always use a cell of the same type for zero adjustment and measurement of the sample.

Notes on zero

adjustment

ba75703d07 04/2014

Zero adjustment with round cells:  Only use clean, scratch-free round cells with distilled water. The minimum

filling level is 20 mm. A ready zero cell is included in the scope of delivery of the photometer and PhotoCheck (see chapter 8 A

OPTIONS).

CCESSORIES AND

 A ready zero cell can, in principle, be used any number of times. We rec-

ommend, however, to regularly check the zero cell for visible contamination and scratches and refill or exchange it if necessary (at least every 24 months).

Zero adjustment with rectangular cells:

Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

 For rectangular cells, the zero adjustment must be carried out with the

same cell type (manufacturer and cell material [e.g. optical glass, quartz glass, plastic]) that is used for measurement. This is important because cells of different manufacturers have a different absorption behavior. When changing the cell type repeat the zero adjustment with the new type.

 Prior to zero adjustment, clean the rectangular cell and fill it with distilled

water. The minimum filling level is 20 mm.

 Rectangular cells always have to be inserted in the cell shaft with the

same orientation for measurement and zero adjustment (e.g. cell printing on the left side ).

Note

Ordering information is given in chapter 8 A cells listed in the chapter 8 A to the Merck Spectroquant cells are given in chapter 7 T

CCESSORIES AND OPTIONS are especially adapted

test set program. General requirements of the

ECHNICAL DATA. Note that the spectral transpar-

CCESSORIES AND OPTIONS. The

ency of the cell must be suitable for the intended application (example, quartz cell for UV range).

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

Carrying out a zero

adjustment

The zero adjustment takes place similarly in the Concentration, Absorbance / % Transmission, Special / Multi wavelengths and Kinetics modes.

1 In the respective mode, press the

<BLANK ZERO> key.

Concentration

16.04.07 9:52

2 In Concentration mode only:

Select and confirm Zero adjust- ment.

Adjust

Blank value

Zero adjustmen t

51: 14558 16 mm

Setup

Zero adjustment

Method list

Citation form Unit

NH4-N

0.20 - 8.00 mg/l

16.04.07 9:52

The zero adjustment window pops up.

Please insert zero cell (distille d water) or press <START/ENTER>

Zero cell (H O dist.)

inner turn-up lid

3 Close the inner turn-up lid. 4 Depending on the cell type, insert

the zero cell as follows: Round cell: Insert the round cell in the round

cell shaft so it touches the bottom. If the inner turn-up lid is opened

too wide, a message prompts you to close the inner turn-up lid.

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Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Zero cell (H O dist.)

Zero adjustment

16.04.07 9:52

Zero adjustment successful

10 mm

Rectangular cell: Open the inner turn-up lid. Insert the rectangular cell verti-

cally so it touches the bottom and left edge of the cell shaft. The opaque sides of the rectangular cell must point to the front and back.

The photometer has an external light recognition. If there is too much external light, a message prompts you to close the cell shaft cover.

The photometer automatically starts the zero adjustment and subsequently stores the value.

5 After a successful zero adjustment

switch to measurement with [OK].

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

Validity of the zero

adjustment

The data of the zero adjustment is stored in the photometer separately for each cell type. As long as the data is valid, it is automatically used again after a temporary change to a different cell type. The validity depends on the respective mode:

Mode Validity of the zero adjustment

Concentration (permanently

 Till the next zero adjustment

programmed methods)

Absorbance / % Transmission  Till the next zero adjustment with the

same wavelength *

Concentration (user-defined methods) and

 Till the next zero adjustment for the same

method *

Special / Multi wavelengths

Kinetics  Till another kinetic profile is loaded

 Till the Kinetics mode is exited or the pho-

tometer is switched off

* After the wavelength or method respectively was temporarily exited the photometer dis-

plays that a zero adjustment is available and the time it was carried out. You can then decide whether to use this zero adjustment or carry out a new zero adjustment.

When to repeat the

zero adjustment?

We recommend to repeat the zero adjustment in the following cases:  If the photometer was subject to mechanical stress such as strong shock

or transport

 If the ambient temperature changed by more than 5 °C since the last zero

adjustment

 At least once per week  If a new cell type (different manufacturer, different glass type is used)  Basically each time you want to measure with the highest possible accu-

racy.

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Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

<HOME>

Concentration

16.04.07 9:52

Please select method for measuring or insert a barcoded cell or insert AutoSelector .

Setup

Method list Last method New Method

Line mark

Barcode

Concentration

16.04.07 9:52

mg/l

14: 14540

COD

16 mm

10 - 150 mg/l

Setup

Method list

Citation form Unit

4.5 Measuring in Concentration mode

4.5.1 Measuring cell tests with barcode

Inserting a cell with barcode starts a measurement.

1 Open the cell shaft cover. 2 Close the inner turn-up lid.

If the inner turn-up lid is opened too wide, a message prompts you to close the inner turn-up lid.

3 Insert the barcoded round cell in

the round cell shaft so it touches the bottom. When doing so, align the line mark with the notch at the front of the round cell shaft.

The photometer selects the method based on the bar code and automatically starts measurement.

4 Further options:

– Select a different citation form

with [Citation form], (e.g. NH

<–> NH4-N).

– Select a different measuring

unit with [Unit], (e.g. mg/l <–> mmol/l).

– Make further settings such as

dilution or blank value measurements with [Setup] (see section

4.5.6).

Display if the measured value is not within the measuring range (see section

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

4.5.4).

4.5.2 Measuring reagent tests with AutoSelector

<HOME>

Concentration

Please select method for measuring or insert a barcoded cell or insert AutoSelector .

Setup

Concentration

To start measurement, insert cell or press <START/ENTER>

38: 14761 10 mm

Setup

Method list Last method New Method

Method list

Citation form Unit

Line mark

Inner turn-up lid

16.04.07 9:52

0.05 - 5.00 mg/l

Barcode

The method is selected by inserting the AutoSelector.

The photometer is ready to measure.

1 Open the cell shaft cover. 2 Insert the AutoSelector in the

round cell shaft so it touches the bottom. When doing so, align the line mark with the notch at the front of the round cell shaft.

– The photometer selects the cor-

rect method with the aid of the barcode.

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Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Concentration

16.04.07 9:52

1.92

mg/l

18: 14752

NH4-N

10 mm

0.05 - 3.00 mg/l

Setup

Method list

Citation form Unit

<HOME>

Concentration

3 Open the inner turn-up lid. 4 Insert the rectangular cell verti-

cally so it touches the bottom and left edge of the cell shaft. The opaque sides of the rectangular cell must point to the front and back.

The correct measuring range is automatically selected when the rectangular cell (1, 2, 5 cm) is inserted.

The photometer has an external light recognition. If there is too much external light, a message prompts you to close the cell shaft cover.

The photometer starts measuring automatically.

5 Further options:

– Select a different citation form

with [Citation form], (e.g. NH

<–> NH4-N).

– Select a different measuring

unit with [Unit], (e.g. mg/l <–> mmol/l).

– Make further settings such as

dilution or blank value measurements with [Setup] (see section

4.5.6).

Display if the measured value is not within the measuring range (see section

4.5.4).

4.5.3 Measuring reagent-free tests and user-defined methods

User-defined methods and reagent-free methods normally do not have a barcode and therefore, no automatic method recognition. In such a case, select the method manually:

ba75703d07 04/2014

Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

Concentration

Please select method for measuring or insert a barcoded cell or insert AutoSelector .

Setup

Concentration

To start measurement, insert cell or press <START/ENTER>

51: 14558 16 mm

Setup

Method list Last method New Method

Method list

Citation form Unit

16.04.07 9:52

NH4-N

0.20 - 8.00 mg/l

1 Select the method manually

(see section 4.5.5).

The photometer is ready to measure.

2 Depending on the type, insert the

cell as follows:

inner turn-up lid

Round cell: Close the inner turn-up lid. Insert the round cell in the round

cell shaft so it touches the bottom. If the turn-up lid is opened too

wide, a message prompts you to close the inner turn-up lid.

ba75703d07 04/2014

Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Concentration

16.04.07 9:52

0.629

mg/l

1001: Nitrite

NO2-N

10 mm

0.050 - 1.000 mg/l

Setup

Method list

Citation form Unit

Rectangular cell: Open the inner turn-up lid. Insert the rectangular cell verti-

cally so it touches the bottom and left edge of the cell shaft. The opaque sides of the rectangular cell must point to the front and back.

The photometer has an external light recognition. If there is too much external light, a message prompts you to close the cell shaft cover.

3 Further options:

– Select a different citation form

with [Citation form], (e.g. NH

<–> NH4-N).

– Select a different measuring

unit with [Unit], (e.g. mg/l <–> mmol/l).

– Make further settings such as

dilution or blank value measurements with [Setup] (see section

4.5.6).

Display if the measured value is not within the measuring range (see section

4.5.4).

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

4.5.4 Exceeding the upper or lower limits of the measuring range

Measured value display if the measured value is outside the measuring range:

Range Display Example:

MR: 10 - 150 mg/l

LL < MV < UL Measured value

1 UL < MV < UL + 10% Upper limit of measuring

range exceeded by up to 10% and measured value

LL - 50% < MV < LL Lower limit of measuring

range undercut by up to 50% and measured value

2MV > UL + 10% Upper limit of measuring

range exceeded by more than 10%

MV < LL - 50% Lower limit of measuring

range undercut by more than 50%

3 Invalid measured value

Bars

e.g. MV < 0

MR = Measuring range

UL = Upper limit value of the measuring range

LL = Lower limit value of the measuring range

MV = Measured value

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Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

<HOME>

Concentration

– [Last method]

<HOME>

Concentration

– [Method list]

Select method (all)

16.04.07 9:52

14 14540 COD 10 - 150 mg/l

15 FB436 DFZ

0.5 - 50.0 m

-1

17 14554 Ni 0.10 - 6.00 mg/l 18 14785 Ni 0.10 - 5.00 mg/l 21 IodFa IFZ 0.1 - 50.0 IFZ 23 14541 COD 25 - 1500 mg/l 24 14555 COD 500 - 10000 mg/l 30 14563 NO3-N 0.5 - 25.0 mg/l 31 14560 COD 4.0 - 40.0 mg/l 32 Hz340 HZ 1 - 500 HZ

▼

Last used

4.5.5 Selecting a method manually

Selecting the

method last used

Selecting a method

from the Method list

The method last used is immediately selected.

The list of methods is displayed. The methods are ordered according to the method number. The



arrows

or  on the right edge indicate that the list comprises more methods further up or down.

The method last selected is highlighted.

Select the method:

Narrowing down the

method list

1 Select the required method with

<▲><▼>. The active selection is

displayed in reverse video.

2 Accept the selection with

<START ENTER>.

You can narrow down the method list and thus make the search easier:  Using [Last used], you can restrict the method list to the ten methods last

used.

 With the search function you can search certain character strings in the

list. The search takes place as a full-text search of the entire list contents. Thus you can search for a method number or certain citation form.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

Search function

Select method (last used)

CO_

14 14540 COD 10 - 150 mg/l

23 14541 COD 25 - 1500 mg/l

16.04.07 9:52

Search for a character string: Enter the character string to be

searched for in the search window with <A...9>.

The list appearing below shows all hits containing the character string. The hit list is updated with each character that is entered.

All methods

Note

Note the case sensitivity when searching. It is not required or possible to enter inferior characters. When searching for chemical formulas, inferior characters are treated as normal characters. Example: The search for "NH4" shows all hits that contain "NH4" as well as "NH

4.5.6 Settings for Concentration mode

Prior to measuring, check the settings for the selected method.

<HOME>

Concentration

Select a method

– [Setup]

Concentration

Dilution ✓ Sample blank value User-defined blank value Turbidity correction

Display absorbance AQA Edit method New method Measurement data memory

✓

16.04.07 9:52

The menu shows an overview of all settings.

Active settings are marked by a check.

ba75703d07 04/2014

Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Overview of the

settings

Menu item Explanation

Dilution Here you can set the dilution prior to measuring if

you want to use a diluted sample. In the measured value display, the dilution is indi-

cated in the form [1 + x] (parts sample + parts distilled water).

For more detailed information on dilution, see section 4.5.7.

Sample blank value Here you can measure while taking a sample blank

value into account. In the measured value display, measurements with

sample blank value are marked by [SB] (Sample blank).

For more detailed information on sample blank value, see section 4.5.8.

User-defined blank value

If available, a user-defined reagent blank value is used.

In the measured value display, measurements with a user-defined reagent blank value are marked by [BV/Lot number].

For more detailed information on reagent blank value, see section 4.5.9.

Turbidity correction Activates/deactivates the automatic turbidity cor-

rection. In the measured value display, measurements with

automatic turbidity correction are marked by [TURB].

For more detailed information on the automatic turbidity correction, see section 4.5.11.

Display absorbance Activates/deactivates the display of the absor-

bance value in addition to the main measured value.

AQA Here you can view and change the AQA settings

without discarding the current measurement.

Edit method Here you can edit user-defined methods.

New method Here you can create user-defined methods.

Measurement data memory

Here you can view the measurement data memory.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

4.5.7 Measuring diluted samples

If the concentration of a sample exceeds the measuring range of a method, you can specifically dilute the sample so that the concentration of the diluted sample is in the measuring range of the method. Thus a valid measurement is possible.

After entering the factor for the dilution the meter converts the concentration to that of the undiluted sample.

Note

Optimum measurement results are achieved if the concentration of the diluted sample is in the middle of the measuring range of the method after diluting.

Setting the dilution

<HOME>

Concentration

Please select method for measuring or insert a barcoded cell or insert AutoSelector .

Setup

Concentration

To start measurement, insert cell or press <START/ENTER>

51: 14558 16 mm

Setup

Method list Last method New Method

Method list

Citation form Unit

16.04.07 9:52

NH4-N

0.20 - 8.00 mg/l

Inserting a cell with barcode starts a measurement.

If a cell without barcode is used: Select the method manually (see section 4.5.5).

The photometer is ready to measure.

ba75703d07 04/2014

Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Concentration

16.04.07 9:52

51: 14558

NH4-N

16 mm

0.20 - 8.00 mg/l

Setup

Method list

Citation form Unit

Sample + distilled water

1 + _

1 Open the setting menu with

[Setup].

2 Select and confirm Dilution.

The input field for the dilution pops up.

3 Enter and confirm the dilution

(<0...9>). The entered dilution is taken into

account with the next measurement.

The entered value for the dilution factor is valid for the selected method only. The dilution factor is erased if

 the photometer is switched off  a different method is selected  the factor 0 is entered in the Dilution menu.

If a dilution factor is active, it is indicated on the display during measurement in the form [1 + x].

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

4.5.8 Sample blank value

By measuring and using a sample blank value, measurement errors due to coloring and turbidity of the sample matrix can be eliminated to a large extent.

The sample blank value is a characteristic of the sample (coloration) to be currently determined. It is diluted according to the used method but does not contain any color reagents. The pH value corresponds to that of the test sample.

Note

Due to the addition of reagents the sample is diluted. This can also change the pH value of the sample. For this reason the blank sample also has to be diluted and the pH value adjusted accordingly.

Validity The sample blank value applies to the next measurement only.

Single and multiple

determination

Measuring the

sample blank value

The sample blank value can be determined by single or multiple determination. With multiple determination, the sample blank value is calculated as the median from the individual measured values.

<HOME>

Concentration

16.04.07 9:52

Inserting a cell with barcode starts a measurement.

Please select method for measuring or insert a barcoded cell or insert AutoSelector .

If a cell without barcode is used: Select the method manually (see section 4.5.5).

Setup

Concentration

Method list Last method New Method

16.04.07 9:52

The photometer is ready to measure.

ba75703d07 04/2014

To start measurement, insert cell or press <START/ENTER>

51: 14558 16 mm

Setup

Method list

Citation form Unit

1 Open the setting menu with

[Setup].

2 Select and confirm Sample blank

value.

NH4-N

0.20 - 8.00 mg/l

Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Sample blank value

16.04.07 9:52

To start measurement, insert cell or press <START/ENTER>

51: 14558

NH4-N

16 mm

0.20 - 8.00 mg/l

Sample blank value

16.04.07 9:52

Last measured absorbance

0.115

Median

0.115 (1 Measurement(s))

51: 14558

NH4-N

16 mm

0.20 - 8.00 mg/l

Next meas.

Discard Apply

Concentration

16.04.07 9:52

[SB]

To start measurement, insert cell or press <START/ENTER>

51: 14558

NH4-N

16 mm

0.20 - 8.00 mg/l

Setup

Method list

Citation form Unit

3 Insert the cell with a suitable blank

sample. The first single measurement for

the sample blank value takes place.

The following data is displayed as the result:

– The measured absorbance

from the (last) single measurement.

– The median from all single mea-

surements carried out up to now.

4 If necessary, carry out further sin-

gle measurements for the formation of the median with [Next

meas.]

or discard the last single measurement with [Discard].

5 To accept the median value, press

[Apply].

The photometer is ready to measure.

The use of the sample blank value is indicated by [SB] in the top right corner of the display.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

4.5.9 Reagent blank value

The evaluation of the photometric measurement always refers to the comparison value of a test sample without the substance to be determined (reagent blank value). Thus the influence of the basic absorbance of the reagents on photometric measurement is compensated for.

In practice, the reagent blank value is measured with the same amount of deionized water instead of sample.

Factory and user-

defined reagent

blank values

Validity The factory blank values always remain stored in the meter and can be acti-

Single and multiple

determination

With photometric concentration determination, the reagent blank value is a constant. The method data for all measurements with Merck Spectroquant

test sets (Concentration mode) include an exactly determined reagent blank value. This value is overwritten if you measure the reagent blank value yourself (setting, User-defined blank value, see section 4.5.6).

Note

You can increase accuracy if you determine the reagent blank value with a test of a new lot and use the reagent blank value for all further measurements with this lot. This is especially recommended for measurements in the vicinity of the lower limit of the measuring range. To be able to attribute the reagent blank value in the measured value documentation later, you can enter the lot number of the reagent package (Lot number) during the blank value determination.

vated at any time. The reagent blank values you measured yourself also remain stored in the meter until they are overwritten by a new blank value measurement.

The reagent blank value can be determined with single or multiple determination. With multiple determination, the reagent blank value is calculated as the median from the individual measured values.

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Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

User-defined

methods

For user-defined methods, you can activate the reagent blank value function as follows only:

Entry type Function type Reagent

blank value possible?

Entry of a function (with and without entering the ordi-

Linear Yes Nonlinear No

nate intercept) Entry of value pairs or measure-

ment and storage of standard solutions (with entering/measuring and storing E0)

Entry of value pairs or measurement and storage of standard solutions (without entering/measuring and storing E0)

Linear Yes Parabola

Yes

(second-order function) Polygon line No

Linear Yes Parabola

No (second-order function) Polygon line Polygon line through zero

Note

If no value for E0 is stored during the entry of value pairs or the measurement and storing of standard solutions for a nonlinear function (parabola or polygon line), the message, No blank value correction is intended for this method. appears when the User-defined blank value function is activated. The blank value (E0) can be entered later by editing the method.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

Measuring the

reagent blank value

<HOME>

Concentration

Please select method for measuring or insert a barcoded cell or insert AutoSelector .

Setup

Concentration

To start measurement, insert cell or press <START/ENTER>

51: 14558 16 mm

Setup

Method list Last method New Method

Method list

Citation form Unit

16.04.07 9:52

NH4-N

0.20 - 8.00 mg/l

Inserting a cell with barcode starts a measurement.

If a cell without barcode is used: Select the method manually (see section 4.5.5).

The photometer is ready to measure.

Concentration

Adjust

Zero adjustment

Blank value

51: 14558 16 mm

Setup

Method list

16.04.07 9:52

0.20 - 8.00 mg/l

Citation form Unit

NH4-N

1 Using <BLANK ZERO>, open the

Adjust selection list.

2 Select and confirm Blank value.

The window for the measurement of the reagent blank value pops up. The data of the last measurement appears in the measured value display.

ba75703d07 04/2014

Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Blank value

16.04.07 9:52

To start measurement, insert cell or press <START/ENTER>

51: 14558

NH4-N

16 mm

0.20 - 8.00 mg/l

Blank value

16.04.07 9:52

Last measured absorbance

0.600

Median

0.600 (1 Measurement(s))

51: 14558

NH4-N

16 mm

0.20 - 8.00 mg/l

Next meas.

Discard Apply

Blank value

16.04.07 9:52

[BV/Lot number]

To start measurement, insert cell or press <START/ENTER>

51: 14558

NH4-N

16 mm

0.20 - 8.00 mg/l

Setup

Method list

Citation form Unit

3 Insert the cell with the blank sam-

ple. The first single measurement for

the reagent blank value takes place.

The following data is displayed as the result:

– The measured absorbance

from the (last) single measurement.

– The median from all single mea-

surements carried out up to now.

4 If necessary, carry out further sin-

gle measurements for the formation of the median with [Next

meas.]

or discard the last single measurement with [Discard].

5 To accept the median value, press

[Apply]. The Lot number entry field pops

up.

6 Enter and confirm the Lot number

(<A...9>). The blank value measurement is completed.

The photometer is ready to measure.

The use of the reagent blank value is indicated by [BV/Lot number] in the top right corner of the display.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

4.5.10 User calibration (standard adjustment)

Some methods for concentration measurement provide the option to optimize the original calibration stored with the method by means of a user calibration. When creating a used-defined method you can also allow a user calibration (see section 4.5.12).

A user calibration is only valid if the difference compared to the original calibration is no more than 30%.

The absorbance measurement for a user calibration can be carried out as a single or multiple determination. With multiple determination, the absorbance is calculated as the median from the individual measured values.

When a method is called up for which a user calibration is possible, a query appears whether or not the user calibration should be carried out. When a method is called up for which a user calibration is required, measurement is only possible with a valid user calibration.

Validity

The usage of the user calibration is documented with the measured value and indicated in the measured value display with [Cal].

A user calibration is always stored for the method presently called up. A user calibration is only erased if

 a new user calibration is carried out  the original calibration is selected for measurement  the user calibration is manually erased  the photometer is reset to the default condition.

ba75703d07 04/2014

Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

<HOME>

Concentration

16.01.12 9:52

Please select method for measuring or insert a barcoded cell or insert AutoSelector .

Setup

Method list Last method New Method

Concentration

16.01.12 9:52

304: Ca

10 mm

0..20 - 4.00 mg/l

Setup

Method list

Citation form Unit

Adjust

Zero adjustment Reagent blank

Calibrate the method

Carrying out a user

calibration

Select the method manually (see section 4.5.5).

If there are already data for the zero adjustment, reagent blank value or a user calibration available, the photometer informs you of this. You can take over or discard the available values.

With methods that are not bar coded the photometer refers to the first execution of a zero adjustment.

1 Using <BLANK ZERO>, open the

Adjust selection list. or Open the setting menu with

[Setup].

2 Select and confirm Calibrate the

method.

If data of a user calibration are available, the list displays the calibration data of the last user calibration for each of the standard solutions.

If there are no data of a user calibration, the list for measuring the Absorbance for all calibration standards required appears.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

Calibrate the method

E0 0.00 mg/l

10.60 mg/l

21.50 mg/l

32.40 mg/l

43.20 mg/l

54.00 mg/l

Calibrate the method

304: Ca 10 mm

Target value (Ca) Absorbance

Back Next

To start measurement, insert cell or press <START/ENTER>

16.01.12 9:52

0..20 - 4.00 mg/l

3 In the Target value column, enter

the nominal values of the individual standard solutions.

The nominal value for E0 (reagent blank value) is preset and cannot be changed. The respective absorbance has to be measured.

4 Select an absorbance value and

confirm with <START ENTER>. The measurement window pops

up.

5 Insert the cell with the relevant

standard or the reagent blank value (for E0).

The first single measurement for the calibration is carried out.

The following data is displayed as

the result:

– The measured absorbance

from the (last) single measurement.

Calibrate the method

Last measured absorbance

0.177

Median

0.177 (1 Measurement(s))

304: Ca 10 mm

Next meas.

16.01.12 9:52

0..20 - 4.00 mg/l

Discard Apply

– The median from all single mea-

surements carried out up to now.

6 If necessary, carry out further sin-

gle measurements for the formation of the median with [Next

meas.]

or discard the last single measurement with [Discard].

7 To accept the median value, press

[Apply]. The list of the standards required

for this method pops up. The absorbance measured for the standard or reagent blank value respectively (E0) is entered.

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Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Calibrate the method

16.01.12 9:52

Target value (Ca) Absorbance E0 0.00 mg/l E 0.177 1 0.60 mg/l 1 0.433 2 1.50 mg/l 2 0.874 3 2.40 mg/l 1.347 4 3.20 mg/l 4 1.762 5 4.00 mg/l 5 2.097

Back Next

Calibrate the method

16.01.12 9:52

The calibration has been successfully completed.

Protocol ID:

2 Date: 16.01.2012 User: admin Curve type: Straight line Correction: 105%

304: Ca

Cancel

Calibration

Apply

Calibrate the method

16.01.12 9:52

User calibration:

Protocol ID:

2 Date: 16.01.2012 User: admin Curve type: Straight line Correction: 105%

304: Ca

End

Calibration

Delete New

8 In the Absorbance column, select

all fields one after the other and start the respective measurement with <START ENTER>.

When all values

have been measured (also the reagent blank value E0):

9 Accept the values with Next.

The result of the calibration pops up.

If necessary, display the list with the value pairs of nominal value and absorbance with Calibration data.

If necessary, display the calibration curve in the window of the value pairs with Graphic.

10 Accept the calibration with Apply.

If necessary, display the list with the value pairs of nominal value and absorbance with Calibration data.

If necessary, display the calibration curve in the window of the value pairs with Graphic.

If necessary, erase the user calibration with Delete.

If necessary, carry out a new user calibration with New measure- ment.

11 Finish the calibration with End.

The Lot number input field for entering the Lot number of the reagent blank value (E0) pops up.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

Calibrate the method

User calibration:

Lot number for reagent blank E0

Protocol ID:

Date: User: admin Curve type: Straight line Correction: 105%

304: Ca

Calibrate the method

304: Ca 10 mm

Setup

16.01.2012

End

To start measurement, insert cell or press <START/ENTER>

Calibration

Method list

Delete New

[Cal][BV/Lot number][10.01.12 8:32 ]

16.01.12 9:52

0..20 - 4.00 mg/l

Unit

12 Enter the Lot number of the

reagent blank value (<A...9>) and confirm. The user calibration is completed.

The photometer is ready to measure.

If the user calibration is used, the [Cal] indicator appears on the display.

Note: calibration is unsuccessful if

the new value deviates by more than 30% from the value of the stored calibration.

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Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

<HOME>

Concentration

16.01.12 9:52

Please select method for measuring or insert a barcoded cell or insert AutoSelector .

Setup

Method list Last method New Method

Concentration

16.01.12 9:52

304: Ca

10 mm

0..20 - 4.00 mg/l

Setup

Method list

Citation form Unit

Adjust

Zero adjustment Reagent blank

Calibrate the method

16.01.12 9:52

User calibration:

Protocol ID:

2 Date: 16.01.2012 User: admin Curve type: Straight line Correction: 105%

304: Ca

End

Calibration

Delete New

Viewing the data of

the user calibration

Select the method manually (see section 4.5.5).

If there are already data for the zero adjustment, reagent blank value or a user calibration available, the photometer informs you of this. You can take over or discard the available values.

1 Using <BLANK ZERO>, open the

Adjust selection list. or Open the setting menu with

[Setup].

2 Select and confirm Calibrate the

method.

The Calibrate the method window pops up. The data of the last measurement appear in the window.

If necessary, display the list with the value pairs of nominal value and absorbance with Calibration data.

If necessary, display the calibration curve in the window of the value pairs with Graphic.

If necessary, erase the user calibration with Delete.

If necessary, carry out a new user calibration with New measure- ment.

If necessary, finish the calibration with End.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

Measuring with user

calibration

<HOME>

Concentration

[Cal][BV/2c][ZERO 10.01.2012 11:08]

User calibration

A calibration dated xxx is available for this

To start measurement, insert cell or press method. Should it be used?

Yes

No 304: Ca 10 mm

Setup

Method list

Citation form Unit

16.01.12 9:52

0..20 - 4.00 mg/l

Select the method manually (see section 4.5.5).

If there are already data for the zero adjustment, reagent blank value or a user calibration available, the photometer informs you

of this. You can take over or discard the available values.

If the available user calibration should not be used, a query with further options pops up:

- Use default calibration The existing user calibration is erased. Further measurements will be carried out with the original calibration stored with the method

- Recalibrate The existing user calibration is erased. A new user calibration is started.

Concentration

[Cal][BV/2c][ZERO 10.01.2012 11:08]

To start measurement, insert cell or press <START/ENTER>

304: Ca 10 mm

Setup

Method list

Citation form Unit

16.01.12 9:52

0..20 - 4.00 mg/l

- Cancel The existing user calibration remains stored. The previous query is displayed.

The photometer is ready to measure after all the necessary data have been confirmed or measured.

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Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

4.5.11 Automatic Turbidity correction

The Turbidity correction function activates the automatic recognition and compensation of the light absorption caused by turbid substances.

After activating the function remains permanently switched on. Measured values that were measured with Turbidity correction are labeled with [TURB] (turbidity correction) on the display and in the documentation (printout and memory).

The Turbidity correction function is not active in the delivery condition.

Note

The setting for automatic turbidity correction is used with all methods where the automatic turbidity correction makes sense. The photometer automatically decides whether or not to use the function.

Switching on the

turbidity correction

Overview For Concentration mode, you can develop and store yourself user-defined

Calibration data and

calibration function

The automatic turbidity correction is activated and deactivated in the setting menu of the concentration measurement (see section 4.5.6 S

ONCENTRATION MODE).

ETTINGS FOR

4.5.12 Programming / modifying user-defined methods

methods under the method numbers 1001 to 1100. The photometer software supports you when creating the methods.

In photometry, the calibration function describes the dependency between the measured parameter (e.g. concentration) and the photometric measurement result (e.g. absorbance) of a sample. The knowledge of this dependency is a prerequisite for the development of a photometric method. The calibration function is usually determined by means of a series of measurements with standard solutions of known concentrations (nominal value), e.g. a 10-point calibration.

Note

In measuring operation, the reverse calibration function is used to output the measured absorbance as a concentration value.

Line types The dependency between the nominal value and absorbance is often linear

in a wide range as shown in the following example:

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

Nominal value (e. g. concentration)

Absorbance

Nominal value (e. g. concentration)

Absorbance

Nominal value (e. g. concentration)

Absorbance

figure 4-2 Example of a linear calibration function after a 10-point calibration

In the case of a linear dependency, the calibration function is determined by means of linear regression. The slope and axis intercept (E0) are the characteristics of the calibration line.

In the case of a nonlinear dependency, the points of the measuring ranges can be connected to each other as a polygon line or approximated as a parabola:

figure 4-3 Example of a polygon line calibration function after a 10-point calibration

figure 4-4 Example of a parabola calibration function after a 10-point calibration

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Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Determining the

calibration function

You have the following options to create a method:

 Measure and store:

Carry out a series of measurements with the following sample solutions while at the same the photometer takes over the values:

– Blank sample to determine the reagent blank value

(with deionized water instead of sample, see section 4.5.9)

– at least one, up to ten standard solutions in different concentrations.

The photometer stores nominal value/absorbance value pairs of the individual measurements and determines the resultant characteristics of the calibration. When doing so, you can select the following line types: Poly- gon line, Straight line or Parabola.

 Enter as value pairs:

Entry of the value pairs, Nominal value (concentration) / Measured absorbance of an already available

test series with the following sample solu-

tions: – Blank sample to determine the reagent blank value

(with deionized water instead of sample, see section 4.5.9)

– at least one, up to ten standard solutions in different concentrations.

Based on the entered value pairs, the photometer determined the characteristics for the calibration. When doing so, you can select the following line types: Polygon line, Straight line or Parabola.

 Enter a function:

Entry of a function to calculate the concentration from the absorbance (reverse calibration function). You can enter on the photometer the coefficients of a polynomial equation of the following type:

c = a0 + a1·A + a2·A

+ a3·A3 + a4·A4 + a5·A

with: c Measurement result, e.g. concentration a0 to a5 Coefficients (input range 0.000 to 1000,000) A Absorbance

Note

Entering the formula is especially simple if you measure with a commercial test set for which the manufacturer has given the value for the coefficients a1. It is often called the "Factor" and corresponds to the reciprocal value of the slope of the straight line of the calibration function.

If a linear

function (straight line) should be entered, it is necessary to enter

the coefficients a0 and a1 to receive correct measured values.

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

If the exact value for a0 is not known at the time the formula is entered, it is sufficient to enter the coefficient a1. In this case, the User-defined blank value function (in the Concentration / Setup menu) has to be activated to measure with this method. Prior to measuring with this method, a blank value measurement has to be carried out. This procedure determines the value for a0, which then replaces the value from the programming of the method. If the User-defined blank value function is not activated, the photometer uses the value zero for the coefficient a0.

More information on

the entry of the

formula

(determination of

coefficients)

Linear function

If the value for a1 (slope of the reverse calibration function) is unknown, you can very simply program the method in the photo

meter by measuring/storing or entering the value

pairs (see above). For entry as a formula, you can determine the coefficients

of the reverse calibration function by linear regression. When doing so, the concentration has to be on the Y axis and the absorbance on the X axis.

In the case of a linear function, the coefficients of the reverse calibration function can also be determined from the determined reagent blank value and the slope (m) of the calibration function (Y axis = absorbance, X axis = concentration). Proceed as described below.

Explanation of the coefficients of the formula:  a0 = - E0*a1

[E0 = reagent blank value (absorbance at concentration 0)]

 a1 = 1/m

Reverse value of the slope of the calibration func-

tion

(often referred to as "Factor") m = slope of the calibration function

ba75703d07 04/2014

Nonlinear function

 a2, a3, a4, a5 = further coefficients

(when entering a linear function: zero)

The coefficients of the reverse calibration function are determined by multiple regression. When doing so, the concentration has to be on the Y axis and the absorbance on the X axis.

Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Further method data

Input field Possible entries

Number* 1001 ... 1100 Designation Any name (max. 18 characters) Version Any version designation (max. 18 characters) Wavelength* Freely selectable (in nm) Cell* 16 (round), 10, 20 or 50 mm Citation form e.g. PO4-P (max. 18 characters) Unit** e.g. mg/l (max. 18 characters) Resolution* 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 or 1

Lower and upper limit of the measuring range *

Any value between zero and the highest concentration of the used standard solutions

Timer 0 to 3 Up to four analysis timers freely adjustable

AQA2 target value Any value within the measuring range AQA2 tolerance Any Required measure-

ments

1 or greater Number of measurements after which a measured

value is documented. With more than one measurement, the documented measured value is the median from all measurements.

Blank required Yes / No Calibration possible Yes / No Calibration required Yes / No

* necessary inputs ** default: mg/l

Note

If a nonlinear calibration curve is programmed for a method, it may occur that the presetting of the following menu items cannot be changed:

 Blank required  Calibration possible  Calibration required

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Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

How to program

user-defined

methods

<HOME>

Concentration

– [Setup]

– New method

Edit method

Number 1001 Designation Nitrite Version 01 Wavelength 525 Cell 10 mm Citation form NO2-N Unit mg/l Resolution 0.001 Calibration curve Measure standard solutions

Method list Delete Next

16.04.07 9:52

1 Enter the general method data

here. The next available method number is already entered as the number.

You have the following options when filling out the input fields:

- Fill out all empty input fields one after the other

-Using [Method list], select an already existing method as a model, give it a new method number and adjust the entries

-Using [Method list], select an existing method in order to change it (without changing the number).

- You can delete the method completely with [Delete].

2 Select the menu item, Calibration

curve. Select the method for the

determination of the calibration line. The following variants can be selected:

- Measure standard solutions

- Enter value pairs

- Enter formula

3 Using [Next], accept all entries on

the page and switch to the next page.

Note

During the following proceeding, you can return to the previous page at any time with [Back], e. g. if you want to correct entries, add further value pairs or eliminate outliers.

ba75703d07 04/2014

Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Edit method

16.04.07 9:52

Standard ID

Standard manufacturer

Back Next

Edit method

16.04.07 9:52

T arget va lue Absorbance E0 0.000 1

Back Add Delete Next

Edit method

16.04.07 9:52

T arget va lue Absorbance E0 0.000

10.300

20.600 3 1.000

Back Add Delete Next

Edit method

16.04.07 9:52

T arget va lue Absorbance E0 0.000

10.300

20.600

31.000

Back Add Delete Next

Variant 1:

Measure standard

solutions

1 Select and confirm Measure stan-

dard solutions.

2 Enter and confirm details of the

standard solutions (optional).

3 Using [Next], accept all entries on

the page and switch to the next page.

The table for the measurement of standard solutions pops up.

In the first two lines of the table, the two value pairs (measuring points) that are at least required for a calibration are already prepared (reagent blank value E0 and any further nominal value).

4 Create further values pairs with

[Add] as necessary. You can delete a highlighted value

pair with [Delete].

5 In the Target value column, enter

the nominal values of the individual standard solutions.

Measuring the standard solutions:

6 Using the arrow keys <▲><▼>

and <><>, navigate to the relevant input field in the Absorbance column and press <START ENTER>.

ba75703d07 04/2014

Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

Absorbance E0

To start measurement, insert cell or press <START/ENTER>

525 nm

Absorbance E0

Last measured absorbance

0.009

Median

0.009 (1 Measurement(s))

525 nm

Next meas.

Discard Apply

16.04.07 9:52

16 mm

16.04.07 9:52

16 mm

The measurement display appears.

7 Insert the cell with the respective

standard. The absorbance is measured. The

result of the first single measurement is displayed.

8 If necessary, carry out further sin-

gle measurements for the formation of the median with [Next

meas.]

or discard the last single measurement with [Discard].

9 To accept the median value, press

[Apply].

Note

If the zero standard concentration (reagent blank value E0) is not measured and stored, the photometer calculates the calibration line without this value. If the User-defined blank value function (in the Concentration / Setup menu) is activated for measuring with this method, the value for a0 is determined and replaces the calculated axis intercept from the programming of the method.

Edit method

T arget va lue Absorbance E0 0.000 0.009 1 0.300 0.664 2 0.600 1.292

31.000 2.178

16.04.07 9:52

10 Repeat the steps 6 to 9 until all

input fields in the Absorbance column are filled out.

11 Using [Next], accept all entries on

the page and switch to the next page.

The value pairs are displayed in a

Back Add Delete Next

diagram (standard: Polygon line).

ba75703d07 04/2014

Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Edit method

16.04.07 9:52

f(x)=0.73x R2 = 1.000

Meas. range: 0.050 - 1.000 mg/l

Concentration [mg/l NO2-N]

Back Curve type Meas. range Next

Absorbance

Edit method

16.04.07 9:52

Timer 0 00:00:00 Timer 1 00:00:00

Timer 2 00:00:00

Timer 3 00:00:00 AQA2 target value 1.00 mg/l AQA2 tolerance 0.10 mg/l Required measurements 1 Blank required No Calibration possible No Calibration required No

Back Complete

The related formula f(x) and corre-

lation coefficient R

are displayed

above the diagram.

12 If required, select a different line

type for the line adjustment with [Curve type].

- Polygon line

- Straight line

- Parabola

13 If required, enter different mea-

sured value limits with [Meas. range].

- Lower limit

- Upper limit

14 Using [Next], complete the editing

of the calibration line and proceed to the next page.

The timers and AQA2 data linked to the method are displayed.

Enter value pairs

Variant 2:

15 If necessary, enter intervals for up

to 4 timers.

16 If necessary, enter the AQA2 tar-

get value and AQA2 tolerance.

17 If necessary, select from how

many single measurements the documented measured value is calculated.

18 If necessary, set whether a

reagent blank value is required.

19 If necessary, set whether a user

calibration is possible and/or required.

20 Complete the programming of the

method with [Complete]. The method is programmed and

selected for measuring.

Unlike variant 1, the fields of the Absorbance column are filled out manually here. Accordingly, the steps 6 to 10 are not applicable here. Apart from that, the proceeding is identical to variant 1.

ba75703d07 04/2014

Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Operation

Vari a n t 3:

Enter formula

Edit method

c = a0 + a1·A + a2·A2 + a3·A3 + a4·A4 + a5·A

a0 0.605 a1 2 a2 a3 a4 a5 Lower limit of measuring range 1,000 mg/l Upper limit of measuring range 3.000 mg/l

Method list Delete Next

16.04.07 9:52

1 Select and confirm Enter formula.

Input fields for the coefficients (a0 ... a5) of the formula are displayed.

2 Enter and confirm the factors.

If no value is entered for a coefficient the photometer automatically uses the value 0.

Note

If a linear function (straight line) should be entered, it is necessary to enter the coefficients a0 and a1 to receive correct measured values. If the exact value for a0 is not known at the time the formula is entered, it is sufficient to enter the coefficient a1. In this case, the User-defined blank value function (in the Concentration / Setup menu) has to be activated to measure with this method. Prior to measuring with this method, a blank value measurement has to be carried out. During this procedure the value for a0 is determined and replaces the previous value.

3 Enter and confirm the measuring

range limits.

4 Complete the entering of the for-

mula with [Next]. The timers and AQA2 data linked

to the method are displayed.

ba75703d07 04/2014

Operation Spectroquant® Pharo 300

Edit method

16.04.07 9:52

Timer 0 00:00:00 Timer 1 00:00:00

Timer 2 00:00:00

Timer 3 00:00:00 AQA2 target value 1.00 mg/l AQA2 tolerance 0.10 mg/l Required measurements 1 Blank required No Calibration possible No Calibration required No

Back Complete

5 If necessary, enter intervals for up

to 4 timers.

6 If necessary, enter the AQA2 tar-

get value and AQA2 tolerance.

7 If necessary, select from how

many single measurements the documented measured value is calculated.

8 If necessary, set whether a

reagent blank value is required.

9 If necessary, set whether a user

calibration is possible and/or required.

10 Complete the programming of the

method with [Complete]. The method is programmed and

selected for measuring.

100

ba75703d07 04/2014

Spectroquant Pharo 300 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Operating manual

Contents

1 Photometers

1.1 Photometry

1.2 The Photometers

2 Photometric Test Kits

2.1 Basic Principle

2.1.1 Spectroquant® Cell Tests

2.1.2 Spectroquant® Reagent Tests

2.2 Notes for Practicle Use

2.2.1 Measuring range

2.2.2 Influence of pH

2.2.3 Influence of Temperature

2.2.4 Time Stability

2.2.5 Influence of Foreign Substances

2.2.6 Dosing the Reagents

2.2.7 Shelf-life of the Reagents

3 Sample Preparation

3.1 Taking Samples

3.2 Preliminary Tests

3.3 Dilution

3.4 Filtration

3.5 Homogenization

3.6 Decomposition

4 Pipetting System

5 Analytical Quality Assurance (AQA)

5.1 Quality Control at the Manufacturer

5.2 Quality Control for the User

5.2.1 Checking the Photometer

5.2.2 Checking the Overall System

5.2.3 Checking the Pipettes

5.2.4 Checking Thermoreactors

5.2.5 Testing for Handling Errors

5.3 Determination of Sample Influences (matrix effects)

5.4 Definition of Errors

Spectroquant® Pharo 300 Contents

1 Overview

1.1 Overview of the instrument

1.2 Keypad

1.3 Display

2 Safety instructions

2.1 Target group and user qualification

2.2 Authorized use

2.3 General safety instructions

2.4 Handling of hazardous substances

3 Commissioning

3.1 Scope of delivery

3.2 General notes on handling

3.3 Initial commissioning

3.3.1 Inserting the buffer batteries

3.3.2 Connecting the power supply

3.3.3 Switching on the photometer for the first time

3.3.4 Setting the language

3.3.5 Setting the date and time

3.4 Connecting optional accessories

3.4.1 Communication interfaces

3.4.2 PC/printer

3.4.3 USB memory device

3.4.4 PC keyboard

3.4.5 Barcode reader

3.4.6 12 V-Adapter

4Operation

4.1 Switching on or off the photometer

4.2 General operating principles

4.2.1 Navigating with function keys and menus

4.2.2 Display of navigation paths in short form

4.2.3 Entry of numerals, letters and characters

4.2.4 Detailed operating example: Changing the language

4.3 Photometer settings and system administration

4.3.1 Language

4.3.2 Date/Time

4.3.3 Display settings

4.4 Zero adjustment

4.5 Measuring in Concentration mode

4.5.1 Measuring cell tests with barcode

4.5.2 Measuring reagent tests with AutoSelector