Spectronic Genesys User manual

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GENESYS™ 6

Spectrophotometer

Operator’s Manual

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

Figure 1 GENESYS™ 6 spectrophotometer

Espectrofotómetro GENESYS™ 6 Spectrophotomètre GENESYS™ 6 GENESYS™ 6 Spektrophotometer Spettrofotometro GENESYS™ 6

Key/Leyenda/ Légende/ Legende/ Legenda

c A/C power connector

Conector C/A Connecteur courant A/C Stromanschluss Connettore alimentazione CA

d Parallel port

Puerto Paralelo Port parallèle Parallelanschluss Porta parallela

e RS232C port

Salida RS232C Port RS232C RS232C Port Porta RS232C

Figure 2 Back panel of the spectrophotometer

Panel posterior del espectrofotómetro Panneau arrière du spectrophotomètre Rückwand des Spektrophotometer Pannello posteriore dello spettrofotometro

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

Figure 3 Installing the paper roll holders for the internal printer (335988)

Instalando los soportes del papel de la impresora interna (335988) Installation des porte-rouleaux pour imprimante interne (335988) Installieren des Papierrollenhalter für den internen Drucker (335988) Installazione dei supporti carta sulla stampante interna (335988)

Figure 4 Keypad of the GENESYS™ 6 spectrophotometer

Teclado del espectrofotómetro GENESYS™ 6 Clavier du spectrophotomètre GENESYS™ 6 Tastatur des GENESYS™ 6 Spektrophotometer La tastiera sullo spettrofotometro GENESYS™ 6

Key/ Leyenda/ Légende/ Legende/ Legenda

c Cell position keys

[for 6-Position Cell Holder] Teclas de posicion de celda [para portaceldas de 6-Posiciones] Touches de position des cuves [pour porte-cuves à 6 emplacements] Kuevetten-Positionstasten [für den 6fach Kuevettenhalter] Tasti posizione cella [per supporto cella a 6 posizioni]

d Function keys

Teclas de función Touches de fonction Funktionstasten Tasti funzione

Key/Leyenda/ Légende/ Legende/ Legenda

c Paper roll holder

Soporte del papel Porte-rouleaux Papierrollenhalter Supporto rotolo carta

d Icon for paper direction

Dirección del papel Icône de direction du papier Symbol für die Papierrichtung Indicazione direzione carta

e Paper entry slot

Ranura de entrada del papel Fente d'entrée du papier Papiereinzugsschlitz Fessura entrata carta

f Finger tab

Lengüeta Languette Lasche Braccetto

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

Figure 5 Installing the Single-Position Cell Holder (335916)

Instalando el portaceldas sencillo (335916) Installation du porte-cuves à emplacement unique (335916) Installieren des Einfach-Kuevettenhalters (335916) Installazione del supporto cella a posizione singola (335916)

Figure 6 Installing the printer (335988)

Instalando la impresora (335988) Installation de l'imprimante (335988) Installieren des Druckers (335988) Installazione della stampante (335988)

Key/Leyenda/ Légende /Legende/ Legenda

c Captive screw on lamp door

Tornillo en la puerta de la lámpara Vis captive du cache de la lampe Verschlussschraube fuer den Lampenraum Vite sullo sportello lampada

d Removing door from hinge

Removiendo la puerta Pour ôter le cache de la charnière Entfernen der Klappe Rimozione dello sportello

e Hinge

Bisagra Charnière Schanier Cerniera

f Connecting wires to printer

Conectando los cables de la impresora Connexion des fils à l'imprimante Anschließen der Kontakte am Drucker Collegamento dei cavi alla stampante

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

Figure 7 Removing the cover of the fuse compartment

Removiendo la tapa del compartimiento del fusible Pour ôter la protection du compartiment à fusibles Entfernen der Abdeckung Rimozione del coperchio del compartimento fusibili

Figure 8 Removing the fuse holder

Removiendo el porta fusible Enlèvement du porte-fusibles Entfernen des Sicherungshalters Rimozione del portafusibile

Figure 9 Removing and replacing the fuses

Removiendo y reemplazando los fusibles Enlèvement et remplacement des fusibles Tauschen der Sicherungen Rimozione e sostituzione dei fusibili

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual i

NOTE

This operator's manual contains information, instructions and specifications for the Thermo Spectronic spectrophotometer that were believed accurate at the time this manual was written. However, as part of Thermo Spectronic's on-going program of product development, the specifications and operating instructions may be modified or changed from time to time. Thermo Spectronic reserves the right to change such operating instructions and specifications. Under no circumstances shall Thermo Spectronic be obligated to notify purchasers of any future changes in either this or any other instructions or specifications relating to Thermo Spectronic products, nor shall Thermo Spectronic be liable in any way for its failure to notify purchasers of such changes.

GENERAL SAFETY NOTES USED IN THIS MANUAL

This symbol alerts you to important information about using the instrument. Be sure to read and follow the associated instructions carefully.

This symbol alerts you to potential electrical hazards. Be sure that only qualified personnel perform the related procedures.

This symbol alerts you to hot surfaces. Be sure to read and follow the associated instructions carefully.

ii GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

NEW PRODUCT WARRANTY

Thermo Spectronic instrumentation and related accessories are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of delivery. This warranty is provided only if the warranty registration card is returned to Thermo Spectronic within fifteen (15) days after delivery.

This warranty covers parts (except those specified below) and labor, and applies only to equipment which has been installed and operated in accordance with the operator's reference guide and which has been serviced only by authorized Thermo Spectronic dealers or service personnel. This warranty does not apply to equipment and accessories that have been modified or tampered with in any way, misused, or damaged by accident, neglect, or conditions beyond Thermo Spectronic's control.

This warranty does not apply to lamps, glassware, and similar expendable components. However, such parts and components may be warranted by their manufacturer.

Thermo Spectronic is not responsible under this warranty for loss in operating performance due to environmental conditions.

THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL WARRANTIES EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR MERCHANTABILITY OR OTHERWISE, and states Thermo Spectronic's entire and exclusive liability and the Customer's exclusive remedy for any claim in connection with the sale or furnishing of services, goods, or parts, their design, suitability for use, installation, or operations. Thermo Spectronic will in no event be liable for any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, whatsoever, including loss of goodwill, whether grounded in tort (including negligence), strict liability or contract, and Thermo Spectronic's liability under no circumstances will exceed the contract price for the goods and/or services for which liability is claimed.

UPDATE POLICY

Thermo Spectronic may, from time to time, revise the performance of its products, and in doing so incur no obligation to furnish any such revisions to any Thermo Spectronic customer.

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual iii

SOFTWARE PASSWORD

This password allows you to enter the security section of the software used on the Thermo Spectronic spectrophotometer. Through the security section, you can "lock" test setups (test parameters) so that they may not be altered. The password also allows you to remove the security so that you may edit the test parameters. Please refer to the appropriate section in this Operator's Manual for more information on locking a test.

PASSWORD: 4 3 6 3 7 9 7

Thermo Spectronic

820 Linden Avenue

Rochester, NY 14625

(585) 248-4000

(800) 654-9955

iv GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

CHAPTER 1 - Setting Up the Instrument

Instrument description......................................................................................................................1-1

Setting up the instrument.................................................................................................................1-1

Setting utility parameters ...........................................................................................................1-2

Selecting the language ..............................................................................................................1-2

Setting the date and time ..........................................................................................................1-2

Selecting standby settings.........................................................................................................1-2

Setting baseline expiration time ................................................................................................1-2

Setting the screen contrast........................................................................................................1-2

Setting up the internal printer ....................................................................................................1-3

Loading paper in the internal printer.........................................................................................1-3

Setting utility parameters for the printer....................................................................................1-3

Selecting and positioning glassware...............................................................................................1-3

Correcting for cell variability.............................................................................................................1-4

Z-dimensions ....................................................................................................................................1-4

CHAPTER 2 - Using the Instrument

Management of Test Files and Data Files......................................................................................2-1

Saving tests ................................................................................................................................2-1

Saving a test...............................................................................................................................2-1

Saving data files to a floppy disk...............................................................................................2-2

Loading test files ........................................................................................................................2-3

Viewing and deleting data files..................................................................................................2-3

Specifying concentration units .........................................................................................................2-3

To create custom units...............................................................................................................2-4

Using the SmartStart feature ...........................................................................................................2-4

Setting up a single-test SmartStart ...........................................................................................2-4

Setting up a multiple-test SmartStart ........................................................................................2-5

Using the Cell Correction program..................................................................................................2-5

Running the Cell Correction program.......................................................................................2-5

Taking measurements......................................................................................................................2-7

Basic Absorbance/%T measurements............................................................................................2-8

Setting the wavelength ..............................................................................................................2-8

Measuring a blank......................................................................................................................2-8

Measuring unknowns.................................................................................................................2-8

Basic Concentration measurements...............................................................................................2-8

Setting the wavelength & mode................................................................................................2-8

Measuring a blank......................................................................................................................2-9

Measuring a standard................................................................................................................2-9

Entering a factor.........................................................................................................................2-9

Measuring unknowns.................................................................................................................2-9

Advanced A/%T/C - Absorbance & %Transmittance measurements ........................................2-10

Recalling a test.........................................................................................................................2-11

Setting up test parameters ......................................................................................................2-11

Taking measurements..............................................................................................................2-11

Advanced A/%T/C - Concentration measurements .....................................................................2-11

Recalling a test.........................................................................................................................2-12

Setting up test parameters ......................................................................................................2-12

Table of Contents

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual v

Table of Contents

Measuring a standard..............................................................................................................2-12

Entering a factor.......................................................................................................................2-13

Measuring unknowns...............................................................................................................2-13

Standard Curve ..............................................................................................................................2-13

Recalling a standard curve......................................................................................................2-14

Setting up the parameters for a standard curve ....................................................................2-14

Measuring the standards for a standard curve......................................................................2-14

Measuring unknowns...............................................................................................................2-15

Editing a standard curve..........................................................................................................2-16

Absorbance Ratio...........................................................................................................................2-17

Recalling a test.........................................................................................................................2-17

Setting up test parameters ......................................................................................................2-17

Measuring unknowns...............................................................................................................2-17

Absorbance Difference ..................................................................................................................2-18

Recalling a test.........................................................................................................................2-18

Setting up test parameters ......................................................................................................2-18

Measuring unknowns...............................................................................................................2-18

Kinetics............................................................................................................................................2-19

Recalling a test.........................................................................................................................2-19

Setting up test parameters ......................................................................................................2-20

Measuring unknowns...............................................................................................................2-20

Rescaling & recalculating graphical kinetics results ..............................................................2-20

Rescaling & recalculating tabular kinetics results..................................................................2-22

Scanning.........................................................................................................................................2-22

Recalling a test.........................................................................................................................2-22

Setting up test parameters ......................................................................................................2-23

Collecting a baseline scan.......................................................................................................2-23

Scanning an unknown.............................................................................................................2-23

Viewing & Manipulating scan data..........................................................................................2-23

3-Point Net......................................................................................................................................2-27

Recalling a test.........................................................................................................................2-27

Setting up test parameters ......................................................................................................2-27

Taking measurements .............................................................................................................2-27

Multiple Wavelengths.....................................................................................................................2-28

Recalling a test.........................................................................................................................2-28

Setting up test parameters ......................................................................................................2-28

Taking measurements .............................................................................................................2-29

CHAPTER 3 - Using the Peformance Validation Program

Overview ...........................................................................................................................................3-1

Accessing the Performance Validation tests ..................................................................................3-1

Troubleshooting checklist.................................................................................................................3-1

Wavelength Accuracy - Internal.......................................................................................................3-1

Wavelength Accuracy - Standards ..................................................................................................3-2

Adding wavelengths...................................................................................................................3-2

Deleting wavelengths.................................................................................................................3-2

Running the test .........................................................................................................................3-3

Photometric Accuracy ......................................................................................................................3-3

vi GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

Selecting the mode ....................................................................................................................3-3

Adding standards .......................................................................................................................3-3

Deleting standards .....................................................................................................................3-4

Running the test .........................................................................................................................3-4

Noise Measurement.........................................................................................................................3-4

Stray Light.........................................................................................................................................3-5

Running the test .........................................................................................................................3-5

Internal Printer Test ..........................................................................................................................3-5

RS232C Test ....................................................................................................................................3-6

CHAPTER 4 - Connecting & Using Accessories

General Information..........................................................................................................................4-1

Cell holders & cell holder accessories ............................................................................................4-1

Changing cell holders ................................................................................................................4-1

Internal printer...................................................................................................................................4-3

Installing the internal printer.......................................................................................................4-3

Loading paper in the internal printer.........................................................................................4-3

External Printers ...............................................................................................................................4-3

External computers ..........................................................................................................................4-3

CHAPTER 5 - Performing Maintenance Procedures

Routine care .....................................................................................................................................5-1

Cleaning............................................................................................................................................5-1

Cleaning and maintenance of cells...........................................................................................5-1

Cleaning the windows of the sample compartment.................................................................5-2

Changing the fuse ............................................................................................................................5-2

Replacement parts ...........................................................................................................................5-3

Appendix A - Specifications

Appendix B - Parameters

Appendix C - Calculations

Index

Table of Contents

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual vii

Table of Contents

viii GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

Instrument description

The spectrophotometer, shown in Figure 1, is an easy-to-use, UV-Visible spectrophotometer designed for quantitative measurements in:

• Industrial quality control and research laboratories, including food and beverage, chemical and pharmaceutical applications

• Academic research and teaching laboratories

• Environmental laboratories, including water and wastewater applications

• Life science laboratories, for working on proteins and nucleic acid research

Your spectrophotometer offers:

• Unique optical system that ensures accuracy and precision

• Automatic wavelength calibration on power-up to ensure that the instrument is operating properly

• Built-in applications software for concentration, standard curve, absorbance ratio, absorbance difference, scanning, kinetics, multi-wavelength analysis and three-point net absorbance

• Built-in procedures that allow you to validate the performance of your instrument

Setting up the instrument

1. Carefully unpack the shipping carton and verify

that you have received all the items listed below.

• GENESYS 6 spectrophotometer

• Power cord

• Operator's Manual packet - GENESYS 6

spectrophotometer

• Dust cover

2. Place the instrument on a flat, even surface that is:

• As far as possible from any strong electric

or magnetic fields and from any electrical device that may generate high-frequency fields

• Free of dust, corrosive gases and strong

vibrations

3. Remove any obstructions or materials that could hinder the flow of air under, behind and around the instrument.

4. Connect the female end of the power cord into the connector labeled A/C power on the back panel of the instrument (see Figure 2).

5. Plug the other end of the power cord into a grounded outlet with the appropriate voltage.

6. Ensure that the sample compartment does not contain any samples, and that the sample compartment door is closed.

7. Snap the paper roll holders (if needed) into place as shown in Figure 3. They will fit flush with the top of the instrument.

8. Turn on the instrument by pressing the power switch to ON (1=ON, 0=OFF). The power-on sequence will appear on the display and the instrument will go through its self-diagnostics. The instrument performs these diagnostics in the sequence shown:

a) Logo

b) Initializing

c) Calibrating filter wheel

d) Finding zero order

e) Finding energy peak

f) Calibrating grating

Setting utility parameters

You should set up some of the utility parameters after the instrument is first powered up. These parameters include the date and time, standby setting, language, screen contrast settings and parameters needed to set up the printer.

You can set up the other utility parameters, or change the utility settings, at any time except when an entry screen is displayed or when the instrument is carrying out a task (such as setting the blank).

• Press the UTILITY key. The Utility screen appears on the display.

From this screen, you can set the date and time, select the standby settings, select the language, reset the lamp hours, select the contrast settings and select the parameters for a printer.

Setting Up the Instrument

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual 1-1

Selecting the language

The instrument supports English, Spanish, French, German and Italian as the language options.

• With the Utility screen displayed, press the arrow keys to highlight Language and press ENTER.

• Press the arrow keys to highlight the language you want to select and press ENTER.

Setting the date and time

To access the date and time settings:

• With the Utility screen displayed, press the arrow keys to highlight Date/Time Setup and press ENTER. The screen displays the three date/time options that you can modify - date, time format and time.

To set the date:

• Press the arrow keys to highlight Set Date and press ENTER.

• Press Set Day, type the date, then press ENTER.

• Press Set Month, highlight the correct month, then press ENTER.

• Press Set Year, type the year, then press ENTER.

• When the date is correct, press ESC to save the settings and return to the Utility screen.

To select the time format:

You can set up the spectrophotometer to display the time in either am/pm format or in 24-hour format.

• To change the display format for the time,

press the arrow keys to highlight Time Format and press ENTER until the format that you want to use (AM/PM or 24 hour) appears.

To set the time:

• Press the arrow keys to highlight Set Time and press ENTER.

• To set the hour, press Set Hour, type in the hour and press ENTER.

• To set the minutes, press Set Minute, type in the minute and press ENTER.

• To select between AM and PM, press Set

AM/PM until the appropriate setting appears.

Note: Any changes you make are saved

automatically (even during power down) by battery backup.

Selecting standby settings

To prolong xenon lamp life, your GENESYS spectrophotometer has been pre-set at the factory to automatically go into standby mode after 15 minutes. To change Standby Mode time:

• With the Utility screen displayed, press the arrow keys to highlight Standby and press ENTER.

• Press the arrow keys to highlight the length of time you want the instrument will wait before entering standby mode and press ENTER.

Setting baseline expiration time

If you will be performing scans on your samples, you can set a time limit for a collected baseline.

To set the baseline expiration time:

• With the Utility screen displayed, press the arrow keys to highlight Baseline Expiration (hr:min) and press ENTER.

• Enter the desired time into the Entry baseline expiration time field. Press ENTER.

Setting the screen contrast

To make it easier to read the display, you can adjust the screen contrast on the spectrophotometer.

• With the Utility screen displayed, press the arrow keys to highlight Screen Contrast and press ENTER.

• Press the arrow keys to adjust the screen contrast.

Setting Up the Instrument

1-2 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

• When the screen contrast is correct, press ESC.

Setting up the internal printer

To set up the printer properly, you need to load the paper and set the utility parameters for the printer. Before setting up the parameters for the printer, be sure that the printer is installed. If you have ordered the internal printer as a separate item, you will need to install it. Refer to the section Connecting & using accessories for instructions on installing the printer.

Loading paper in the internal printer

Note: Make sure that the paper roll holders are in

place as shown in Figure 3. When installed correctly, they will fit flush with the top of the instrument.

• Cut the paper so the edge is even.

Note: Arrows on the paper roll holders indicate

the direction of the paper feed (see Figure 3).

• Feed the paper straight into the paper entry slot. The printer grabs the end of the paper and pulls it in.

• In Basic Absorbance/%Transmittance (%T), when the paper stops, press ENTER to continue advancing the paper until the paper comes out of the paper exit slot.

• Pull out on the finger tabs on the paper roll holders and secure the roll of paper onto the paper roll holder.

Setting the utility parameters for the printer

If you wish to use a printer you can output to:

• Internal printer.

• External RS232 printer.

• Parallel port to an HP PCL formatted printer.

To ensure that the spectrophotometer can output information correctly to the printer, you need to select the appropriate device.

• Press the UTILITY key. The Utility screen appears on the display.

• Press the arrow keys to highlight Printer and press ENTER.

• Select the printer that you want to use and press ENTER until On appears.

• Press ESC to save the settings and return to the Utility screen.

Selecting and positioning glassware

The wavelength range for different types of cells varies depending on the manufacturer:

• Glass - From 320 to 360nm, up to 1100nm.

• Quartz - From 190 to 230nm, up to

1100nm.

• Disposable - Refer to manufacturer's

specifications and ensure that you work within the recommended range.

Test tubes vs. cuvettes

• Square cuvettes that are carefully matched (see “Correcting for cell variability” below) yield very precise results. Matched test tubes, when properly handled, can show as little as 1-2% deviation between readings.

• The pathlength of test tubes is not as well defined as in square cuvettes. However, constructing a standard curve eliminates the need for great accuracy in knowing the pathlength, provided that the same pathlength cell is used for all blanks, standards and samples.

Other guidelines

• Be sure to position cuvettes and test tubes so that the clear sides face the light beam. This means that one clear side should face the front of the instrument and the other clear side should face the back of the instrument.

Setting Up the Instrument

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual 1-3

Note: Test tubes should always be placed in the

instrument in exactly the same orientation in the light beam. A fiducial mark on the test tube helps you orient the test tubes consistently and correctly.

• When using small aperture cells:

• Always use masked cells.

• Use the same cell (or cuvette) for your blank and your samples.

Correcting for cell variability

Due to variability in cell manufacture, each cell may have slightly different absorbance and reflection characteristics. Although it would be ideal to use exactly the same cell for every reading, it is usually inconvenient to clean cells between readings.

Your instrument uses an automated program to correct for cell variability, allowing you to use up to six unmatched cuvettes. Nearly any cell can be used with a high degree of accuracy if you have run the cell correction program on those cells.

Z-dimensions

The figure below illustrates the position of the light beam in the spectrophotometer.

The specifications for the sample compartment, including the dimensions of the beam are:

• Z-dimension

• Square cuvettes/Test tubes 8.5mm

• Beam size 2mm (wide) x 7mm (high)

Setting Up the Instrument

1-4 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

Management of Test Files and Dat

Files

Your instrument can manage test files and data files in the following ways:

• Test files can be saved and retrieved from the internal memory or from the floppy drive.

• Data files can be saved to the floppy drive for further processing on a computer (they cannot be retrieved and viewed on the instrument).

Saving tests

When you power-down the instrument, the current test is maintained by battery back-up. This means that when you turn the instrument on again, the cell holder alignment and values for all parameters will be the same as they were when the instrument was last used. When you load a test that has been saved, the values for all parameters stored with that test will replace the current values for the test parameters.

As you create customized tests and collect data, you will be saving tests for later use. The spectrophotometer uses test files to contain the values for all the parameters needed to run a test, including the alignment of the cell holder and the other parameters for the accessories installed. Once you select the values for the parameters, you can assign a test name and save the test. You can then restore the test and run it without having to set up the parameters again.

Saving a test

To get started, press the TEST key on the keypad. When the Test Types screen appears, highlight one of the tests and press ENTER. The Test Setup screen appears.

Specifying names for tests

When you save tests, you need to specify the name you want to use for the file. The spectrophotometer does not have a full keypad, so you need to select the characters for the filename from a character list.

1. After setting up the values for the test parameters, use the arrow keys to highlight

Test Name. Press ENTER. The Create Test Name screen appears.

You can use this screen to:

• Delete the name of a test

• Delete a character in the name of a test

• Add a character to the name of a test

• Accept the name of a test

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the first character you want to use for the name of your test and press Add Character to add the selected character to the name.

Using the Instrument

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual 2-1

3. Continue selecting and adding characters until you have selected all the characters for the name.

4. Press Accept Name to accept the name and return to the previous screen. The name of the test appears at the top of the screen showing the test parameters.

Saving a test to the internal memory or floppy drive

After you have specified the name of the test, you can save it to either internal memory or the floppy drive.

1. With the Test setup screen displayed, press Save Test.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight where you

want the test to be saved and press ENTER. The instrument saves the test to the selected location.

Saving data files to a floppy disk

Your instrument can save data from all tests to the floppy drive in ASCII format with a .txt extension. The data file can be imported directly into a word processor or into a spreadsheet.

Note: If you are importing your data into a

spreadsheet program for data manipulation, you will need to use the spreadsheet parsing function to parse the data into separate cells.

You can set up your instrument to automatically save the data after it has been collected using the Auto Save function, or you can choose to save the data after all the data has been acquired. In both cases, you will need to enter a data file name.

Autosaving data to a floppy disk

1. With a test setup screen displayed, set Auto Save to On. The Test Name parameter line

appears.

2. Highlight Test Name and press ENTER. The Create Data File Name screen appears

You can use this screen to:

• Delete the name of a data file

• Delete a character in the name of a data file

• Add a character to the data file name

• Accept the name of the data file

3. Use the arrow keys to highlight the first character you want to use for the name of your test and press Add Character to add the selected character to the name.

4. Continue selecting and adding characters until you have selected all the characters for the name.

5. Press Accept Name to accept the name and return to the previous screen. The data that is

Using the Instrument

2-2 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

collected in this test will be saved with the given data file name on the floppy disk.

Saving data to a floppy disk after data collection

1. With the data acquisition screen displayed, press Save Data.

2. The Create Data File Name screen appears. Use the arrow keys, Add Character and Accept Name keys to enter a data file name. The data will be saved to the floppy disk.

Loading test files

Saved test files can be loaded into a test program from either the internal memory or the floppy disk from the Utilities screen.

1. To access the test files, press the UTILITY button on the keyboard. The Utilities screen appears

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight Stored Test Directory and press ENTER.

3. Use the arrow keys to select the location of the files you want to load and press ENTER.

4. Highlight the test you want to load and press ENTER.

Viewing and deleting data files

1. To access data files, press the UTILITY button on the keyboard. The Utilities screen appears.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight Diskette Files

and press ENTER. The Utilities File Directory is displayed.

3. Use the arrow keys to select the data file you want to delete or lock/unlock.

4. Press Delete or Lock Unlock to delete or lock/unlock the data file. If you want to lock or unlock access to the file, you must enter the password located on page iii of this manual.

Specifying concentration units

When you run concentration tests, you need to specify the units you want to use when reporting concentrations. The spectrophotometer includes a set of basic concentration units and you can also enter custom units if you wish.

All programs in the spectrophotometer use the same list of basic units:

• Concentration • mg/mL

• ppm • µg/L

• ppb • M/L

• g/L • mM/L

• mg/L • IU

In addition to these units, you can create your own custom unit, using a character list like the one

Using the Instrument

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual 2-3

described in Specifying names for tests. Once you create a custom unit, it will appear in the list that you use to select the units.

To select the units

1. Highlight the Units parameter on the screen and press ENTER.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the unit you want to select and press ENTER.

To create custom units

In addition to the basic concentration units, you can create one other custom concentration unit and add it to the list.

1. With the list of basic units displayed, use the arrow keys to highlight [Unit] and press ENTER.

Press Edit [Unit] on a test set-up screen for a test with units.

The character list appears. You can use this screen to:

• Delete the name of a unit

• Delete a character in the name of a unit

• Add a character to the name of a unit

• Accept the name of a unit

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the first character you want to use for the name of your custom unit and press Add Character to add the selected character to the name.

3. Continue selecting and adding characters until you have selected all the characters for the name.

4. Press Accept Name to accept the name and return to the previous screen. The name of the new custom unit appears on the list of basic units.

Using the SmartStart feature

The SmartStart feature enables you to select the test methods you use most frequently and have them appear when you start up your instrument. If your laboratory runs only a single test, you can use the SmartStart feature to select it and it will appear each time you start up your instrument. Similarly, if you have a set of tests you run, you can use SmartStart to select them so the list appears when you start up the instrument.

Setting up a single-test SmartStart

1. Press the TEST key on the keypad to display the Test Types screen.

2. Press the Stored Test key to display the Test File Location screen.

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3. Use the arrow keys to select the location of the test you want to select as a SmartStart test and press ENTER.

4. When the appropriate test is highlighted, press Select Test to add the selected test to the

SmartStart menu. An arrow sign “>” will indicate the test has been selected.

5. Press Load Test.

6. The parameter screen of the test you selected

will be displayed.

Note: At this point, you can power down the

instrument and then power it back up. When it starts up again, the parameter screen for the selected test will be displayed.

Setting up a multiple-test SmartStart

1. Press the TEST key on the keypad to display the Test Types screen.

2. Press the Stored Test key to display the Test File Location screen.

3. Use the arrow keys to select the location of the

test you want to select as a SmartStart test and press ENTER.

4. When the appropriate test is highlighted, press Select Test to add the selected test to the

SmartStart menu. An arrow sign “>” will indicate the test has been selected.

5. Continue scrolling through the list and add tests until you have made all the appropriate selections.

6. Press ESC to return to the Test Types screen.

Note: At this point, you can power down the

instrument and then power it back up. When it starts up again, the list of tests you’ve selected will be displayed.

Using the Cell Correction program

Note: The Cell Correction program is not active

in the Main (Basic Absorbance/%T/Basic Concentration screen).

Note: The Cell Correction feature is active only

when the 6-Position Sample Holder is set to either Auto 6 or Auto 3. The feature is not active when the cell holder is set to 1- Cell Platform or Manual 6, nor when the Single Cell Holder is installed.

Every test setup screen provides access to the cell correction program. Before running the cell correction program:

• Clean the inside and outside of all the cells to be matched.

• Fill the cells with distilled water (or other blank solution), and place them in the sample compartment (see “Selecting and positioning glassware” in the preceding section). Be sure to place the blank cuvette in Cell “B” of the sample compartment.

TIP: If one cell has lower absorbance

than the others, make it the blank.

Running the Cell Correction program:

1. Press the TEST key on the keypad. When the Test Types screen appears, highlight the test you want to run and press ENTER.

2. Highlight Cell Correction and press ENTER.

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The Cell Correction function is now activated, as indicated by the word On across from Cell

Correction on the test setup screen.

Note: When Cell Correction is activated,

additional parameter lines are added to the screen above the Cell Correction line. If the Cell Correction line is no longer visible on the screen, highlight More parameters... and press ENTER.

3. Highlight Set Up Correction and press ENTER. The Cell Correction screen appears.

4. Highlight Correction Mode and press ENTER

to set the mode to either:

• Scan - Cell Correction is run on a blank and one sample cell for the range of wavelengths you specify in Scanning mode.

• Discrete nms - The Cell Correction program is run on a blank and up to five sample cells for up to 31 user-specified, discrete wavelengths.

5. If you selected Scan mode in the preceding step, press Run Corr. to start the Cell Correction program. If you selected Discrete nms mode, first specify the wavelengths using the procedures which follow, and then the Cell Correction program.

The Cell Correction program will measure the other cells against the blank and will record, store and date the measurements. From these measurements the Cell Correction program establishes the required correction factors, which then are automatically applied during all subsequent tests (if Cell Correction is activated).

Specifying wavelengths for Discrete nms mode:

1. With the Test Setup screen displayed, highlight Sample Positioner and press ENTER to set this parameter to either Auto 3 (when using three large cell holders) or Auto 6 (when using six small cell holders).

2. Highlight Number of Matched Cuvettes and press ENTER. Then use the keypad to specify the number of cells you are matching. Press ENTER.

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3. Press Set nms to select the wavelengths for which the Cell Correction program will be run. A list of wavelengths appears.

Note: Cells should be matched at all analytical

wavelengths because matching at one wavelength does not guarantee matching at others.

4. Use the arrow keys to highlight the position where you want to enter the first wavelength.

5. Press Add nm.

6. Enter the value for the wavelength and press ENTER.

7. Continue until you have entered all the

wavelengths.

After all the wavelengths have been entered, press Run Corr. to start the Cell Correction program. The Cell Correction program will measure the other cells against the blank and will record, store and date the measurements. From these measurements the Cell Correction program establishes the required correction factors, which

then are automatically applied during all subsequent tests (if Cell Correction is activated).

Taking measurements

The spectrophotometer lets you use different cell holders and cell holder accessories to take measurements. When you set up your test parameters, you will select the type of measurement you want to use and indicate how many samples you have. You can choose from the following options:

• Auto 6 - You can take one blank measurement and up to five sample measurements without changing the samples in the cell holder. The instrument automatically measures the blank (in the blank position), then automatically advances the cell holder to the appropriate position for the next measurement.

• Auto 3 - You can take up to three measurements without changing the samples in the cell holder. The instrument automatically measures the blank (in the blank position), then automatically advances the cell holder to the appropriate position for the next measurement.

• Single Cell Platform - You place the blank in the cell holder, measure it, place a sample in the cell holder, then measure your sample. This process is completely manual. In fact, the cell position buttons on the keypad do not function when you select Single Cell Platform even if you have a 6-Position Cell Holder installed in the sample compartment.

• Manual 6 - You can take up to six measurements without changing the samples in the cell holder, using the cell position buttons on the keypad to advance the cell holder to the appropriate position for the next measurement. You place the blank in the blank position and your samples in the other cell positions. Regardless of where the cell holder is positioned, when you press Measure Blank the cell holder automatically goes to the blank position and measures the blank. However, you can use the cell position buttons to select a different position for the measurement.

Note: When you have the 6-Position Cell Holder

installed, the instrument always considers the material in the B position as a blank. This means that even after measuring your

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blank the first time, you can place unknowns only in positions 1 through 5.

Basic Absorbance/%T measurements

The Absorbance/%Transmittance (%T) program takes measurements and displays them as either absorbance or %T. For each measurement taken, the absorbance (or %T) appear on the screen, along with the type of measurement, the date and time, the wavelength and the cell position used for the measurement. All the steps for taking measurements in the two modes are the same - the only difference will be the units used to display the results.

When you use the Basic Absorbance/%T program, you can perform these tasks:

• Set the wavelength

• Measure a blank

• Measure unknowns

If you want to work with %T instead of absorbance, simply press Change Mode until you see the %T mode. You can switch from one mode to another whenever you see the Change Mode function key.

Setting the wavelength

1. Press Set nm or any number key to set the

wavelength.

2. Enter the wavelength where you want the measurements taken, then press Set nm again.

Measuring a blank

1. Place the blank in the cell holder. If your

instrument has a 6-Position Cell Holder, be sure to place the blank in the B position.

2. If you want to enter an absorbance or transmittance value for the blank, press a number key and enter the concentration in the

Entry field.

3. Press Measure Blank to measure the blank.

When the instrument is finished measuring the absorbance of the blank, the message disappears.

Measuring unknowns

1. If your instrument is equipped with the 6-Position

Cell Holder, place the unknown you want to measure in one of the cell positions and press the corresponding cell position button on the keypad to move the cell holder to the measuring position. The absorbance (ABS) or %transmittance (%T) measurement appears on the display.

If your instrument is equipped with the Single Cell Holder Platform, remove the blank and place the unknown in the cell holder. The absorbance or %transmittance measurement appears on the display.

Basic Concentration measurements

Measuring concentration is similar to measuring absorbance or %T and you use the Change Mode function key to switch to concentration measurements. The spectrophotometer allows you to measure concentration using either a factor or a standard to convert absorbance readings to concentration units.

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• When you use a factor, you need to specify the factor and the concentration units.

• When you use a standard, you need to specify the concentration of the standard and measure its absorbance.

When you use the Basic Concentration program, you can perform these tasks:

• Set the wavelength

• Measure a blank

• Measure a standard OR enter a factor

• Measure unknowns

The steps for taking measurements in the two modes are similar - the only difference will be whether you measure a standard or enter a factor.

Setting the wavelength & mode

1. Press Set nm or any number key to set the

wavelength.

2. Enter the wavelength where you want the measurements taken, then press Set nm again.

3. Press Change Mode until the appropriate measurement mode (Concentration with Standard or Concentration with Factor) appears.

Measuring a blank

1. Place the blank in the cell holder. If your

instrument has a 6-Position Cell Holder, be sure to place the blank in the B position.

2. If you want to enter a concentration for the blank, press a number key and enter the concentration in the Entry field.

3. Press Measure Blank to measure the blank. When the instrument is finished measuring the absorbance of the blank, the message disappears.

Measuring a standard

1. If necessary, press Change Mode to switch to the Concentration with Standard mode.

2. If your instrument is equipped with the

6-Position Cell Holder, place the standard in one of the cell positions and press the corresponding cell position key on the keypad.

If your instrument is equipped with the Single Cell Holder Platform, remove the blank and place the standard in the cell holder.

3. Press Units/Standard to set the units and measure the standard.

4. Press Enter Conc, then use the number keys to enter the concentration value of the standard and then press ENTER.

5. Press Select Units, then use the arrow keys to highlight the entry in the Units field and press ENTER to select the units for the concentration.

5. Press Measure Standard to measure the standard. When the instrument is finished measuring the absorbance of the standard, it displays the absorbance and calculated factor.

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Entering a factor

1. If necessary, press Change Mode to switch to the Concentration with Factor mode.

2. Press Units/Factor to set the factor and select

the units.

3. Use the arrow keys to highlight the entry in the Factor field and press Enter Factor to enter

the factor.

4. Use the number keys to enter the factor.

5. Press Enter Factor to accept the factor and

return to the screen displaying the factor and units. The factor you just entered appears on the display.

6. Press ESC to return to the Concentration with Factor screen.

Measuring unknowns

1. If your instrument is equipped with the

6-Position Cell Holder, place the unknown you want to measure in one of the cell positions and press the corresponding cell position button on the keypad to move the cell holder to

the measuring position. The measurement appears on the display.

If your instrument is equipped with the Single Cell Holder Platform, remove the blank and place the unknown in the cell holder. The measurement appears on the display.

Advanced A/%T/C - Absorbance & %T

ransmittance measurements

When you use the Advanced A/%T/C program for absorbance or %transmittance measurements, you can perform these tasks:

• Select the measurement mode you want to use (Absorbance or %Transmittance)

• Run Cell Correction program

• Recall a test OR set up your test parameters

• Measure a blank

• Measure unknowns

To get started, press the TEST key on the keypad. When the Test Types screen appears, highlight Advanced A/%T/C and press ENTER.

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Recalling a test

1. With the Advanced A/%T/C screen displayed,

press Stored Tests. Use the arrow keys to select the location of the saved tests and press

ENTER.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the name of

the test you want to recall and press ENTER. The parameters for the selected test appear on the screen.

From this screen, you can:

• Set up test parameters

• Run Cell Correction program

• Save a test

• View the list of stored tests

• Measure a blank and unknowns

Setting up test parameters

1. With the Advanced A/%T/C screen displayed,

use the arrow keys to highlight the name of the parameter you want to set.

Some parameters appear only if you select one of the concentration modes, while others appear regardless of the measurement mode you select. A complete list of the parameters are located in Appendix B.

2. When the parameters are set, you can press Save Test to save the test or Measure Sample to measure a blank or unknowns.

Taking measurements

Taking measurements automatically (using Auto 6 or Auto 3)

1. With the Advanced A/%T/C screen displayed and the parameters set, press Run Sample. The Advanced A/%T/C measurement screen appears.

2. Place the blank and the unknowns in the correct cell positions.

3. Press Measure Sample to measure the unknowns. The instrument automatically measures the blank first, then measures the unknowns and displays the sample measurements on the screen.

Taking measurements manually (using Manual 6 or Single Cell Platform)

1. With the Advanced A/%T/C screen displayed and the parameters set, press Measure Sample. The Advanced A/%T/C measurement screen appears, prompting you to place your samples in the cell holder.

2. Place the blank and unknowns in the cell holder. If your instrument is equipped with a 6-Position Cell Holder, be sure to place the blank in the B position. You can place up to five samples in the cell holder.

3. Press Measure Blank to measure the blank. If your instrument is equipped with a 6-Position Cell Holder, it automatically moves to the B position to measure the blank. When it completes the measurement, it returns to its previous cell position.

4. Press Measure Sample to measure the unknowns. The sample measurement appears on the screen. If your instrument is equipped with a 6-Position Cell Holder, press the cell position buttons on the keypad to reposition the cell holder and measure the rest of the unknowns manually.

Advanced A/%T/C - Concentration measurement

When you use the Advanced A/%T/C program for concentration measurements, you can perform these tasks:

• Select the measurement mode you want to use (concentration with one standard or concentration with a factor)

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• Recall a test OR set up your test parameters

• Measure a standard OR enter a factor (only if you select either concentration with one standard or concentration with a factor)

• Measure a blank and unknowns

To get started, press the TEST key on the keypad. When the Test Types screen appears, highlight

Advanced A/%T/C and press ENTER.

Recalling a test

1. With the Advanced A/%T/C screen displayed,

press Stored Tests. Use the arrow keys to select the location of the saved tests and press

ENTER.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the name of

the test you want to recall and press ENTER. The parameters for the selected test appear on the screen.

Setting up test parameters

1. With the Advanced A/%T/C screen displayed,

use the arrow keys to highlight the name of the parameter you want to set.

2. When the parameters are set, you can press Save Test to save the test or Run Test or Run Standard to measure a standard.

Measuring a standard

Measuring a standard automatically (using Auto 6 or Auto 3)

1. With the Advanced A/%T/C screen displayed and the Measurement Mode set to Conc/Std, press Run Standard. The Measure Standard screen appears.

2. Use the number keys to enter the concentration value of the standard and press

ENTER.

3. Press Measure Standard.

4. Place the blank and standard in the correct cell

positions.

5. Press ENTER to measure the blank and the standard. The instrument automatically measures the blank first, then measures the unknowns and displays the absorbance and calculated factor.

Measuring a standard manually (using Manual 6 or Single Cell Platform)

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1. With the Advanced A/%T/C screen displayed and the Measurement Mode set to Conc/Std, press Run Standard. The Measure Standard screen appears.

2. Use the number keys to enter the concentration value of the standard and press

ENTER.

3. Place the blank and standard in the correct cell

positions.

4. Press Measure Blank to measure the blank. If your instrument is equipped with a 6-Position Cell Holder, it automatically moves to the B position to measure the blank. When it completes the measurement, it returns to its previous cell position.

5. Press Measure Standard to measure the standard. When the instrument is finished measuring the absorbance of the standard, it displays the absorbance and calculated factor.

Entering a factor

1. With the Advanced A/%T/C screen displayed and the Measurement Mode set to Conc/Factor, use the arrow keys to highlight Factor.

2. If you need to change the factor, use the

number keys to enter the correct factor.

3. If you need to change the units, use the arrow keys to highlight Units and select the correct units.

Measuring unknowns

Measuring unknowns automatically (using Auto 6 or Auto 3)

1. With the Advanced A/%T/C screen displayed and the Measurement Mode set to Conc/Std or Conc/Factor, press Run Test. The Advanced A/%T/C measurement screen appears, prompting you to place your samples in the cell holder.

2. Place the blank and unknowns in the correct cell positions. Press ENTER. The instrument automatically measures the blank first, then measures the unknowns and displays the sample measurements on the screen.

3. Press Measure Sample to measure additional unknowns.

Measuring unknowns manually (using Manual 6 or Single Cell Platform)

1. With the Advanced A/%T/C screen displayed and the Measurement Mode set to Conc/Std or Conc/Factor, press Run Test. The Advanced A/%T/C measurement screen appears.

2. Place the blank and unknown in the correct cell position. If your instrument is equipped with a 6-Position Cell Holder, you can place up to five samples in the cell holder.

4. Press Measure Sample to start the measurement. If your instrument is equipped with a 6-Position Cell Holder, press the cell position buttons on the keypad to reposition the cell holder and measure the rest of the unknowns manually.

Standard Curve

When you use the Standard Curve program, you can perform these tasks:

• Recall a standard curve OR create a standard curve (set up the parameters and then measure the standards for the curve)

• Run the Cell Correction program

• Measure unknowns

• View the data - select between graphical and tabular displays

• Edit a standard curve - change the number of standards, select a different curve fit or delete points from the curve

To get started, press the TEST key on the keypad. When the Test Types screen appears, highlight

Standard Curve and press ENTER. The Standard Curve screen appears.

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Recalling a standard curve

1. With the Standard Curve screen displayed,

press Stored Tests. Use the arrow keys to select the location of the saved tests and press

ENTER.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the name of

the test you want to recall and press ENTER. The parameters for the selected test appear on the screen.

Setting the parameters for a standard curve

1. Place the standards in the correct cell positions.

2. Set the parameters for measuring the

standards. Refer to the list of parameters in Appendix B for a description of each.

• Enter the Test Name, Wavelength, Reference Wavelength Correction and Reference Wavelength.

• Select the Curve Fit, Units and Sample Positioner.

• Set the Number of Standards and Number of Samples.

• Enter the low and high limits.

• Select the settings for the Statistics and AutoPrint functions.

• Run the Cell Correction program

Measuring the standards for a standard curve

Measuring standards automatically (using Auto 6 or Auto 3)

1. Place the blank and standards in the correct cell positions.

2. When all the parameters are correct, press Run Standards to set up and run the

standards.

3. Enter the concentration value into the Entry concentration field and press ENTER. When you've entered all the concentration values, the

Standards screen appears.

4. Press Measure Standards to measure the

blank and standards. The instrument automatically measures the blank first, then measures the standards. When the instrument has measured all the standards, the Standards screen appears, showing the absorbance of each standard, along with the slope, intercept and correlation coefficient of the standard curve.

Measuring standards manually (using Manual 6 or Single Cell Platform)

1. Place the blank and standards in the correct cell positions.

2. When all the parameters are correct, press Run Standards to set up and run the

standards.

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3. Enter the concentration value into the Entry concentration field.

4. When you have entered all the concentration values, the Standards screen appears.

5. Press Measure Blank to measure the blank. If your instrument is equipped with a 6-Position Cell Holder, it automatically moves to the B position to measure the blank. When it completes the measurement, it returns to its previous cell position.

6. Press Measure Standards to measure the standards. If your instrument is equipped with a 6-Position Cell Holder, press the cell position buttons on the keypad to re-position the cell holder and measure the rest of the standards manually.

When the instrument has measured all the standards, the Standards screen appears, showing the absorbance of each standard, along with the slope, intercept and correlation coefficient of the standard curve.

You can use this screen to:

• Display a graph of the standard curve data (press View Graph)

• Save the standard curve (press Save Test)

• Edit the standards (press Edit Standards)

• Measure your samples (press Run Test)

Measuring unknowns

Measuring unknowns automatically (using Auto 6 or Auto 3)

1. With the Standards screen displayed, press Run Test. The Samples screen appears.

2. Place the blank and unknowns in the correct

cell positions.

3. Press ENTER to measure. The instrument automatically measures the blank first, then measures the unknowns. When the instrument has measured all the unknowns, the Standard Curve screen appears, showing the absorbance and concentration of each unknown.

If you want to switch between tabular and graphical displays, press View Graph/Tabular.

Measuring unknowns manually (using Manual 6 or Single Cell Platform)

1. With the Standards screen displayed, press Run Test. The Samples screen appears.

2. Place the blank and unknowns in the correct

cell positions.

3. Press Measure Blank to measure the blank. If your instrument is equipped with a 6-Position Cell Holder, it automatically moves to the B position to measure the blank. When it

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completes the measurement, it returns to its previous cell position.

4. Press Measure Samples to measure the unknowns. If your instrument is equipped with a 6-Position Cell Holder, press the cell position buttons on the keypad to re-position the cell holder and measure the rest of the unknowns manually. When the instrument has measured all the unknowns, the Standards screen appears, showing the absorbance and concentration of each unknown.

Editing a standard curve

You may edit the concentration of any standard on a standard curve. In addition, you may change the number of standards, select a different curve fit or delete points from the curve.

To edit the concentration of a standard

1. With the standard curve displayed on your screen, use the arrow keys to highlight the standard you want to edit. Press Edit

Standards.

2. With the Edit Concentration highlighted, Press ENTER.

3. Press Edit Conc or a number key.

4. Enter the concentration value in the Entry

field.

5. When the concentration value is correct, press ENTER to accept the value.

To add a standard

1. With the standard curve displayed on your screen, press Edit Standards.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight Add Standard.

3. Enter the concentration value of the additional standard in the Entry field.

4. When the concentration value is correct, press ENTER to accept the value.

5. Press Measure Standards to remeasure all

the standards.

To delete a standard

1. With the standard curve displayed on your screen, use the arrow keys to highlight the standard you want to delete. Press Edit

Standards.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight Delete Standard. Press ENTER to delete the

standard.

To clear measurements

1. With the standard curve displayed on your screen, press Edit Standards.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight Clear Measurements and press ENTER. All the

absorbance measurements will be removed from the screen.

To reset standards

1. With the standard curve displayed on your screen, press Edit Standards.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight Reset Standards and press ENTER. All the

standards and measurements will be removed.

To select a different curve fit for a standard curve

Note: To change the curve fit for a standard

curve, you must display the standard curve as a graph, not as a table.

1. With the standard curve you want to edit displayed as a graph on your screen, press Change Fit.

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2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the curve fit you want to use for the standard curve and press ENTER. The instrument applies the selected curve fit to the data and displays the new graph.

Absorbance Ratio

When you use the Absorbance Ratio program, you can perform these tasks:

• Recall a test OR set up your test parameters

• Run the Cell Correction program

• Measure a blank

• Measure unknowns

To get started, press the TEST key on the keypad. When the Test Types screen appears, highlight

Absorbance Ratio and press ENTER.

Recalling a test

1. With the Absorbance Ratio screen displayed,

press Stored Tests. Use the arrow keys to select the location of the saved tests and press

ENTER.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the name of

the test you want to recall and press ENTER. The parameters for the selected test appear on the screen.

From this screen, you can:

• Set up test parameters

• Run the Cell Correction program

• Save a test

• View the list of stored tests

• Measure a blank

• Measure unknowns

Setting up test parameters

1. With the Absorbance Ratio screen displayed,

use the arrow keys to highlight the name of the parameter you want to set.

2. When the parameters are set, you can press Save Test to save the test or Run Test to

measure a blank or unknowns.

Measuring unknowns

Measuring unknowns automatically (using Auto 6 or Auto 3)

1. Place the blank and unknowns in the correct cell positions. Press ENTER to start the measurement. The instrument automatically measures the blank first, then measures the unknowns and displays the sample measurements on the screen.

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Measuring unknowns manually (using Manual 6 or Single Cell Platform)

1. With the Absorbance Ratio screen displayed, press Run Test.

2. Place the blank and unknown in the correct cell position. If your instrument is equipped with a 6-Position Cell Holder, you can place up to five samples in the cell holder.

4. Press Measure Sample to start the measurement. If your instrument is equipped with a 6-Position Cell Holder, press the cell position buttons on the keypad to re-position the cell holder and measure the rest of the unknowns manually.

Absorbance Difference

When you use the Absorbance Difference program, you can perform these tasks:

• Recall a test OR set up your test parameters

• Run the Cell Correction program

• Measure a blank

• Measure unknowns

To get started, press the TEST key on the keypad. When the Test Types screen appears, highlight

Absorbance Difference and press ENTER.

Recalling a test

1. With the Absorbance Difference screen

displayed, press Stored Tests. Use the arrow keys to select the location of the saved tests and press ENTER.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the name of the test you want to recall and press ENTER. The parameters for the selected test appear on the screen.

From this screen, you can:

• Set up test parameters

• Set up Cell Correction program

• Save a test

• View the list of stored tests

• Measure a blank

• Measure unknowns

Setting up test parameters

1. With the Absorbance Difference screen

displayed, use the arrow keys to highlight the name of the parameter you want to set.

2. When the parameters are set, you can press Save Test to save the test or Run Test to

measure a blank or unknowns.

Measuring unknowns

Measuring unknowns automatically (using Auto 6 or Auto 3)

1. With the Absorbance Difference screen displayed, press Run Test.

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2. Place the blank and unknowns in the correct cell positions.

3. Press ENTER to start the measurement. The instrument automatically measures the blank first, then measures the unknowns and displays the sample measurements on the screen.

Measuring unknowns manually (using Manual 6 or Single Cell Platform)

1. With the Absorbance Difference screen displayed, press Run Test.

2. Place the blank and unknown in the correct cell position. If your instrument is equipped with a 6-Position Cell Holder, you can place up to five samples in the cell holder.

Kinetics

When you use the Kinetics program, you can perform these tasks:

• Recall a test OR set up your test parameters

• Run the Cell Correction program

• Measure a blank

• Measure an unknown

• Recalculate reaction rates

• Modify the scale of the plot

When you use the Kinetics program, you can choose to work with either graphical data or with tabular data. You can perform the same functions regardless of the type of display you select. However, the location of function keys varies depending on the type of display you choose.

Note: The Kinetics program allows you to

measure only one unknown at a time.

Note: The Kinetics program allows you to collect

up to 400 data points per run. When you set up your test parameters, be sure to select the interval time and total run time accordingly.

To get started, press the TEST key on the keypad. When the Test Types screen appears, highlight

Kinetics and press ENTER.

Recalling a test

1. With the Kinetics screen displayed, press Stored Tests. Use the arrow keys to select the location of the saved tests and press ENTER.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the name of

the test you want to recall and press ENTER. The parameters for the selected test appear on the screen.

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From this screen, you can:

• Set up test parameters

• Run the Cell Correction program

• Save a test

• View the list of stored tests

• Measure a blank

• Measure unknowns

Setting up test parameters

1. With the Kinetics screen displayed, use the

arrow keys to highlight the name of the parameter you want to set.

2. When the parameters are set, you can press Save Test to save the test or Run Test to

measure a blank or an unknown.

Measuring unknowns

Note: If your instrument is equipped with a 6-

position cell holder, be sure to place the blank in position B and the unknown in cell position #1. The instrument always uses cell position #1 to scan the unknown.

1. With the Kinetics test parameters displayed on the screen, press Run Test.

2. If you have a 6-position cell holder, place the blank in position B and the unknown in position #1. Press Measure Sample to measure the blank and the unknown. When the instrument completes the measurement, the kinetics data and rate appear on the screen.

3. If you have 1-position cell holder, press Measure Blank to measure the blank, then insert your unknown and press Measure Sample. When the instrument completes the

measurement, the kinetics data and rate appear on the screen.

If you want to switch between tabular and graphical displays, press Graph/Tabular.

When you have a graphical display, you can press Edit Graph, then press Cursor to move the cursor line from one position to another on the plot. As the cursor moves the rate and result values indicate the values for the point on the plot where the cursor is located.

Rescaling & recalculating graphical kinetics results

Within the Kinetics program, you can view and manipulate your results either in graphical form or in tabular form. When your results are displayed on the screen, you can modify the range (start and stop time) and the instrument automatically recalculates the reaction rate.

When you are working with graphical kinetics results, you need to press Edit Graph before you can rescale and recalculate.

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You can modify the scale of your kinetics data plot in two ways - automatically or manually. When you select Auto Scale, the instrument automatically scales the X- and Y-axes so all the data appears on the plot. When you select Manual Scale, you select specific minimum and maximum values for the Xand Y-axes. Whenever you modify the scale, the instrument also automatically recalculates and displays the new reaction rate and result.

When the edit screen appears, you can:

• Use the Auto Scale function to change the scale, display the new graph and recalculate the results

• Use the Manual Scale function to change the scale, display the new graph and recalculate the results

• Use the cursor to select new minimum or maximum values for the X-axis and recalculate the results.

To use the Auto Scale function

1. With your kinetics data displayed on the Edit Graph screen, press Auto Scale. The

instrument automatically adjusts the minimum and maximum values for the X- and Y-axes so all the data appears on the plot. The instrument also recalculates the results, using all the data, and displays it on the screen.

To use the Manual Scale function

1. With your kinetics data displayed on the edit screen, press Manual Scale. The manual scale options appear.

2. Use the number keys to enter the appropriate minimum or maximum value for the X- or Yaxis, then press the appropriate function key (Min Y, Max Y, Min X, Max X) to accept it. The instrument redraws the plot using the minimum and maximum value you have entered and displays the recalculated rate and result.

3. Continue until you have entered all the values you want to change.

To use the cursor

1. With your kinetics data displayed on the edit screen, press Cursor. The cursor options appear.

2. Press Cursor ←←or Cursor →→to position the cursor line on the appropriate point on the graph. The instrument displays the data for the selected point.

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GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual 2-21

3. When the cursor line is in the correct position, press Set Min X or Set Max X to accept the selected point. The instrument redraws the plot using the minimum and maximum value you have selected and displays the recalculated rate and result.

Rescaling & recalculating tabular kinetics results

When you are working with tabular kinetics results, you need to press Edit Data before you can rescale and recalculate.

After collecting your kinetics data, you can use all the data for the rate calculation or you can select specific start and end times. Whenever you modify the start and end times or select all the data, the instrument automatically recalculates and displays the new reaction rate and result.

When the edit screen appears, you can:

• Use all the data to recalculate the results

• Select specific start and end times for the rate calculation and recalculate the results.

To use all the data to calculate the reaction rate

1. With your table of kinetics data displayed on the edit screen, press Use all data. The instrument calculates the rate and displays it on the screen.

To select specific start and end times for the rate calculation

1. With your table of kinetics data displayed on the edit screen, use the arrow keys on the keypad to move the highlight symbol (→) to the appropriate data point in the table.

2. Press Start Time or End Time. The instrument displays the recalculated rate and result.

Scanning

When you use the Scanning program, you can perform these tasks:

• Recall a test OR set up your test parameters

• Run the Cell Correction program

• Collect a baseline scan

• Scan an unknown

• View scan data

• Change the scale of the data plot

• Determine 3-point net measurements

• Calculate the area under a curve

• Label peaks and valleys

Note: The Scanning program allows you to

measure only one unknown at a time. Auto 6, Auto 3 and Manual 6 are not available for scanned measurements.

Note: If you want to set a baseline expiration

time, press UTILITIES, then use the arrow keys to highlight Baseline Expiration. Press ENTER and set the desired time.

To get started, press the TEST key on the keypad. When the Test Types screen appears, highlight

Scanning and press ENTER.

Recalling a test

1. With the Scanning screen displayed, press Stored Tests. Use the arrow keys to select the location of the saved tests and press ENTER.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the name of

the test you want to recall and press ENTER. The parameters for the selected test appear on the screen.

From this screen, you can:

• Set up test parameters

• Set up Cell Correction program

• Save a test

• View the list of stored tests

• Collect a baseline

• Scan unknowns

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Setting up test parameters

1. With the Scanning screen displayed, use the

arrow keys to highlight the name of the parameter you want to set.

2. When the parameters are set, you can press Save Test to save the test or Run Test to

measure a blank or an unknown.

Collecting a baseline scan

Note: If your instrument is equipped with a

6-Position Cell Holder, be sure to place the blank in the B position. The instrument always uses the B position to collect the baseline.

1. With the Scanning test parameters displayed, press Run Test.

2. Place the blank in the B position.

3. Press Collect Baseline to collect the baseline.

When the instrument is finished measuring the blank, the message disappears.

Note: If you want to switch between tabular and

graphical displays, press Graph/Tabular.

Scanning an unknown

Note: If your instrument is equipped with a

6-Position Cell Holder, be sure to place the unknown in cell position #1. The instrument always uses cell position #1 to scan the unknown.

1. With the Scanning test parameters displayed on the screen, press Run Test.

2. If your instrument is equipped with a 6-Position Cell Holder, be sure to place the unknown in cell position #1.

3. Press Measure Sample to measure the unknown.

Note: If you want to switch between tabular and

graphical displays, press Graph/Tabular.

Note: You may need to use the up and down

arrow keys to view all the data for the scan.

Viewing & manipulating scan data

Within the Scanning program, you can view and manipulate your results either in graphical form or in tabular form.

When you are working with graphical scan data, you need to press Edit Graph before you can perform other functions on the scan data.

When the edit graph screen appears, you can:

• Rescale the graph

• Determine 3-point net values

• Calculate area under a curve

• Label peaks and valleys

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GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual 2-23

Rescaling graphical scan data

You can modify the scale of your scan data plot in two ways - automatically or manually. When you select Auto Scale, the instrument automatically scales the X- and Y-axes so all the data appears on the plot. When you select Manual Scale, you select specific minimum and maximum values for the X- and Y-axes. Whenever you modify the scale, the instrument also automatically recalculates and displays the new data plot.

Press Edit Scale to modify the scale. When the edit scale screen appears, you can:

• Use the Auto Scale function to change the scale and display the new graph

• Use the Manual Scale function to change the scale and display the new graph

• Use the cursor to identify specific points along the X-axis

To use the Auto Scale function

1. With your scan data displayed on the edit scale screen, press Auto Scale. The instrument automatically adjusts the minimum and maximum values for the X- and Y-axes so all the data appears on the plot.

To use the cursor

1. With your scan data displayed on the edit scale screen, press Cursor. The cursor options appear.

2. Use Cursor

←←

to move the cursor to the desired minimum wavelength value. Press Set Min X to redraw the plot using the new minimum wavelength value. Repeat using

Cursor

→→

and Set Max X to set the new

maximum wavelength.

To use the Manual Scale function

1. With your scan data displayed on the edit scale screen, press Manual Scale. The manual scale options appear.

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2-24 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

2. To set the minimum or maximum value for the X- or Y-axis, press Min Y, Max Y, Min X or Max X. A screen appears prompting you to enter the appropriate value.

3. Use the number keys to enter the correct value, then press the appropriate function key (Min Y, Max Y, Min X, Max X) to accept it. The instrument redraws the plot using the minimum and maximum values you have entered.

Performing calculations on the scan data

You can modify your graph by performing calculations on the data. From the Edit Graph screen, press Math. When the Math screen appears, you can:

• Smooth data

• Determine 3-point net

• Calculate the area under a curve

• Label peaks and valleys

Smoothing data

If your scan shows signs of sampling noise, you can smooth the appearance of your graph with the smoothing function.

1. With your scan data displayed on the edit graph screen, press Smoothing [On]. The instrument performs a data smoothing function on the data and displays the smoothed graph.

Determining 3-point net measurements

1. With your scan data displayed on the edit graph screen, press Math. The Math

calculation screen appears.

2. Press 3-Pt Net to enter the 3-point net measurement screen. A screen showing the

cursor options and three cursor lines (designated for the left, center and right wavelengths) appears.

3. Use Cursor →→and Cursor ←←to position the left cursor line to the desired wavelength value. The instrument calculates the 3-point net absorbance for the selected wavelengths.

4. Continue selecting the other wavelengths by pressing Next Cursor to activate the center and right cursor lines. Select the wavelengths by positioning the cursor with the Cursor

←←

and Cursor

→→

keys. Repeat until all three

wavelengths have been selected.

5. Press Enter Factor to access the set factor box. Enter the desired factor and press ENTER. The instrument calculates the value for the 3-point net absorbance for the selected wavelengths, multiplied by the selected factor.

Calculating the area under a curve

1. With your scan data displayed on the edit graph screen, press Math. The Math

Calculation screen appears.

2. Press Area. The Area under the curve

measurement screen appears.

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual 2-25

Using the Instrument

3. Use Cursor

→→

and Cursor

←←

to position the left cursor line to the desired wavelength value. The instrument calculates the area under the curve for the selected wavelengths.

4. Continue selecting the other wavelengths by pressing Next Cursor to activate the next cursor line. Select the wavelength by positioning the cursor with the Cursor

→→

and

Cursor

←←

keys.

5. Press Set Options to access the set options window.

6. Use the up and down arrows to highlight Factor. Enter the desired factor and press ENTER.

7. Use the up and down arrow to highlight Calculation baseline. Press ENTER to toggle between Zero and Tangent.

8. Press ESC to return to the area under a curve

screen. The instrument calculates the area under a curve for the selected wavelengths, factor and calculation method.

Labeling peaks and valleys

1. With your scan displayed on the edit graph screen, press Math. The Math Calculation screen appears..

2. Press Peaks & Valleys. The Label Peaks and Valleys window appears.

3. Use the arrow keys to select the type of labels

you want displayed and press ENTER. The instrument labels the selected items on your scan data plot.

Viewing & rescaling tabular scan data

When you are working with tabular scan data, you need to press Edit Data before you can perform other functions on the scan data.

To use all the scan data

1. With your table of scan data displayed on the edit screen, press Use all data.

To select specific start and end wavelengths

1. With your table of scan data displayed on the edit screen, use the arrow keys on the keypad to move the highlight symbol (→) to the appropriate data point in the table.

2. Press Start nm or End nm. The instrument highlights the selected data points.

You can press Graph to display the plot using the highlighted data points.

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2-26 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

3-Point Net

When you use the 3-Point Net program, you can perform these tasks:

• Recall a test OR set up your test parameters

• Run the Cell Correction program

• Measure a blank

• Measure unknowns

To get started, press the TEST key on the keypad. When the Test Types screen appears, highlight

3-Point Net and press ENTER.

Recalling a test

1. With the 3-Point Net screen displayed, press Stored Tests. Use the arrow keys to select the location of the saved tests and press ENTER.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the name of

the test you want to recall and press ENTER. The parameters for the selected test appear on the screen.

From this screen, you can:

• Set up test parameters

• Run the Cell Correction program

• Save a test

• View the list of stored tests

• Measure a blank

• Measure unknowns

Setting up test parameters

1. With the 3-Point Net screen displayed, use the

arrow keys to highlight the name of the parameter you want to set.

2. When the parameters are set, you can press Save Test to save the test or Run Test to

measure a blank or unknowns.

Taking measurements

Taking measurements automatically (Auto 6 or Auto 3)

1. With the 3-Point Net Setup screen displayed and the parameters set, press Run Test. The

3-Point Net measurement screen appears.

2. Place the blank and the unknowns in the

correct cell positions.

3. Press ENTER to start the measurements. The instrument automatically measures the blank first, then measures the unknowns and displays the sample measurements on the screen.

Taking measurements manually (using Manual 6 or Single Cell Platform)

1. With the 3-Point Net screen displayed and the parameters set, press Run Test. The 3-Point Net measurement screen appears.

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GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual 2-27

2. Place the blank and unknowns in the cell holder. If your instrument is equipped with a 6Position Cell Holder, be sure to place the blank in the B position. You can place up to five samples in the cell holder.

Multiple W

avelengths

When you use the Multiple Wavelengths program, you can perform these tasks:

• Recall a test OR set up your test parameters

• Run the Cell Correction program

• Add or delete wavelengths and factors

• Measure a blank

• Measure unknowns

To get started, press the TEST key on the keypad. When the Test Types screen appears, highlight

Multiple Wavelengths and press ENTER.

Recalling a test

1. With the Multiple Wavelengths screen

displayed, press Stored Tests. Use the arrow keys to select the location of the saved tests and press ENTER.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the name of the test you want to recall and press ENTER. The parameters for the selected test appear on the screen.

From this screen, you can:

• Set up test parameters

• Run the Cell Correction program

• Save a test

• View the list of stored tests

• Measure a blank

• Measure unknowns

Setting up test parameters

1. With the Multiple Wavelengths screen

displayed, use the arrow keys to highlight the name of the parameter you want to set.

*Refer to the procedures below for specific instructions on adding or deleting wavelengths and factors.

2. If you have previously selected the wavelengths you wish to measure, you can press Save Test to save the test or Run Test to measure a blank or unknowns.

3. If you have not selected the wavelengths, you can add wavelengths and factors as shown below.

Adding wavelengths & factors

Note: You can enter factors only when the

measurement mode is set to Concentration/Factor.

1. With the Multiple Wavelengths screen displayed, press Set nms. The wavelength screen appears, listing the wavelengths and factors specified for the measurements.

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2-28 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the position where you want to enter the first wavelength and factor pair.

3. Press Add nm.

4. Enter the values for the wavelength and factor and press ENTER.

5. When the values are correct, press Add nm.

6. Continue until you have entered all the

wavelengths and factors.

Deleting wavelengths & factors

1. With the Multiple Wavelengths screen displayed, use the arrow keys to highlight Set nms. The wavelength screen appears, listing the wavelengths and factors specified for the measurements.

Note: If no wavelength values have been

entered, the wavelength and factor columns will be empty.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the first wavelength and factor pair you want to delete.

3. Press Delete nm.

Taking measurements

Taking measurements automatically (Auto 6 or Auto 3)

1. The Multiple Wavelength acquisition can be accessed from either the Set nms screen shown above or from the Multiple Wavelength set up screen. Press Run Test. The Multiple

Wavelength measurement screen appears.

2. Place the blank and the unknowns in the

correct cell positions.

3. Press ENTER to start the measurement. The instrument automatically measures the blank first, then measures the unknowns and displays the sample measurements on the screen.

Taking measurements manually (using Manual 6 or Single Cell Platform)

1. With the Multiple Wavelength screen displayed and the parameters set, press Run Test. The Multiple Wavelength measurement screen appears.

4. With the list of wavelengths (and factors) displayed, press Measure Samples to measure the unknowns. The instrument measures the absorbance at each wavelength and displays it on the screen. If you have set the measurement mode to Concentration/Factor, the instrument also displays the calculated concentration at each wavelength.If your instrument is equipped with a 6-Position Cell

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GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual 2-29

Holder, press the cell position buttons on the keypad to reposition the cell holder and measure the rest of the unknowns manually.

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2-30 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

Overview

The Performance Validation program allows you to run tests to check the performance of your instrument. Available tests include:

• Wavelength Accuracy - Internal

• Wavelength Accuracy - Standards

• Photometric Accuracy

• Noise Measurement

• Stray Light

• Internal Printer Test

• RS232C Test

Running the appropriate performance validation tests regularly and maintaining a log of your results helps document the reliability of the instrument and indicates potential performance issues.

Note: If you have a printer installed and turned

on, the instrument automatically prints out the test results for each performance validation test that you run. You can also press the PRINT key to print another copy of the results.

Accessing the Performance Validation tests

1. Press the TESTS key on the keypad. The Test Types screen appears.

2. Highlight Performance Validation and press ENTER. The Performance Validation screen

appears.

Troubleshooting checklist

If a Performance Validation test fails, follow the instructions below to help you diagnose common problems that may cause a test to fail. If a test continues to fail after you have tried all the recommendations in the list, follow the troubleshooting list for the test being run (included with the description of each test).

• Make sure you are following the instructions for the test properly.

• Make sure filters and standards are clean.

• Make sure the sample compartment door is closed while the test is running.

• Make sure the sample compartment is clear of any obstructions.

• Make sure the 6-Position Cell Holder is installed properly; run the test once with the sample compartment door open to verify that the 6-Position Cell Holder is moving smoothly.

• Turn the instrument power OFF, then ON; verify that no problems are indicated by the power-on diagnostics.

• Make sure the lamp is ON.

• Make sure the lamp compartment is clear of any obstructions.

Wavelength Accuracy - Internal

This test locates the peaks and displays the expected and measured wavelengths for the peaks at the following wavelengths:

• Measures wavelength accuracy for the xenon lamp at 229, 529 and 883nm.

When running the internal standard test, remember that:

• The wavelengths are preset and cannot be changed.

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GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual 3-1

WARNING

Do not open the lamp compartment unless the instrument power is OFF.

Do not turn the instrument power ON unless the lamp compartment is closed!

• The xenon lamp has a preset tolerance of ±2.0nm.

• The cell holder should be empty.

1. With the Performance Validation screen displayed, use the arrow keys to highlight

Wavelength Accuracy - Internal.

2. Press ENTER. The Wavelength Accuracy Internal screen appears.

3. Press Start Test to run the test. The results of

the test appear on the screen, indicating pass or fail for each wavelength.

If the test fails, follow these guidelines:

• Repeat the test several times to verify that the test is failing consistently.

• Contact technical support for more troubleshooting advice.

Wavelength Accuracy - Standards

This test measures the absorbance of a filter standard at up to five wavelengths and compares the results with specified tolerances. The wavelengths and tolerances are preset, but you should change them to the values on the certificate of calibration included with your standards.

Note: Only the middle wavelength of the

SPECTRONIC Standards wavelength standard is certified. The wavelength accuracy test passes or fails based on this wavelength alone. The other two wavelengths may be used for long-term repeatability testing. The initial target values may be determined by running the wavelength accuracy test once, and taking note of the values reported in the Measured Wavelength column.

1. With the Performance Validation screen displayed, use the arrow keys to highlight

Wavelength Accuracy - Standards and press ENTER. The Wavelength Accuracy Standards screen appears.

Adding wavelengths

1. If you need to add a wavelength, press Add nm and enter the wavelength value in the Entry field.

2. When the value is correct, press Add nm

again to add the wavelength to the list. The screen changes to prompt you to enter the tolerance for the wavelength you just entered.

3. Enter the tolerance value in the Entry field.

4. When the value is correct, press Add Tolerance to add the tolerance.

Deleting wavelengths

1. If you want to delete a wavelength, use the

arrow keys to highlight the appropriate wavelength.

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3-2 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

2. When the appropriate wavelength is highlighted, press Delete nm to confirm that you want to delete the wavelength.

Running the test

1. With the Wavelength Accuracy - Standards

screen displayed, make sure that the wavelengths and tolerances are set correctly.

2. Press Start Test to run the test. The results of the test appear on the screen, indicating pass or fail for each wavelength.

If the test fails, follow these guidelines:

• Repeat the test several times to verify that the test is failing consistently.

• Make sure the target value you entered for the calibrated wavelength is the same as the value printed on the SPECTRONIC Standards certificate.

• Make sure the tolerance value you entered for the calibrated wavelength is the same as the value given in the SPECTRONIC Standards User's Manual.

Photometric Accuracy

This test measures the absorbance (or %transmittance) of a set of standards and compares the results with specified tolerances. The absorbances and tolerances are preset, but you should change them to the values on the report of calibration included with your standards.

Note: You can display the tolerances for this test

in either absorbance or %transmittance.

1. With the Performance Validation screen displayed, use the arrow keys to highlight

Photometric Accuracy.

2. Press ENTER. The Photometric Accuracy

screen appears.

Selecting the mode

1. To switch between absorbance and %transmittance, press Change to %T (or Change to ABS) until the appropriate mode

appears.

Adding standards

You will need to set three values whenever you add a standard - the wavelength, the absorbance (or %transmittance) and the tolerance value.

1. If you need to add a standard, press Add Std and enter the wavelength value in the Entry field.

2. When the wavelength value is correct, press Add Std again to add the wavelength to the

list. The screen changes to prompt you to enter the absorbance (or %transmittance) for the wavelength you just entered.

3. Enter enter the tolerance value in the Entry field.

4. Press Start Test or Press ESC to save test.

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GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual 3-3

Deleting standards

1. If you need to delete a standard, use the arrow

keys to highlight the appropriate standard.

2. When the appropriate standard is highlighted, press Delete Std to confirm that you want to delete the standard.

Running the test

1. With the Photometric Accuracy screen

displayed, make sure that the wavelengths, absorbance (or %transmittance) values and tolerances are set correctly.

2. Press Start Test to run the test. The results of the test appear on the screen, indicating pass or fail for each wavelength.

If the test fails, follow these guidelines:

• Repeat the test several times to verify that the test is failing consistently.

• Make sure you follow the guidelines provided with the standard reference materials.

• Contact technical support for more troubleshooting advice.

Noise Measurement

This test measures the amount of noise (peak-topeak) at specified wavelengths:

• Measures noise at 230 and 340nm

All parameters are preset and cannot be changed. When running the noise test, remember that:

• The wavelengths are preset and cannot be changed.

• The Blank position should be empty.

• Position #1 should be used for the 2A filter in a 6-cell holder only (if measured).

1. With the Performance Validation screen displayed, use the arrow keys to highlight

Noise Measurement.

2. Press ENTER. The Noise Measurement

screen appears.

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3-4 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

3. Make sure that the Blank position is empty and insert the 2A filter in position #1 if you are measuring at 2A.

4. Press Start Test to run the test. The results of the test appear on the screen, indicating pass or fail for each wavelength.

If the test fails, follow these guidelines:

• Repeat the test several times to verify that the test is failing consistently.

• Make sure the instrument is warmed up for at least 30 minutes, standby mode = OFF.

• Make sure the instrument is plugged into a stable power supply.

• Contact technical support for more troubleshooting advice.

Stray Light

This test measures the amount of stray light at selected wavelengths and compares them to specified tolerances. The wavelengths are preset and cannot be changed. You should change the tolerances for the desired wavelengths. Running the stray light test takes approximately thirty seconds.

When running the stray light test, remember that:

• You will need the SPECTRONIC Standards Stray Radiant Energy filters or equivalent.

• Position B should be empty.

• Position #1 should be used for SRE 220.

• Position #2 should be used for SRE 340.

• Position #3 should be used for SRE 400.

You may use other filters, but they must have <

–

0.1%T at the wavelength of interest.

1. With the Performance Validation screen displayed, use the arrow keys to highlight Stray Light.

2. Press ENTER. The Stray Light screen appears.

Running the test

1. With the Stray Light screen displayed, make

sure that the wavelengths and tolerances are set correctly.

2. Press Start Test to run the test. The results of the test appear on the screen, indicating pass or fail for each wavelength.

If the test fails, follow these guidelines:

• Repeat the test several times to verify that the test is failing consistently.

• Make sure all the filters being used are SPECTRONIC Standards Stray light filters, or exact equivalents.

• Contact technical support for more troubleshooting advice.

Internal Printer Test

The Internal Printer test allows you to verify that the internal printer is functional. To run the test, you will need to have the internal printer installed. Running the internal printer test takes no more than 20 seconds after you press Stop.

1. Verify that the internal printer is installed properly and is selected. If necessary, press the

UTILITY key, then select the internal printer.

2. With the Performance Validation screen

displayed, use the arrow keys to highlight Internal Printer Test.

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GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual 3-5

3. Press ENTER. The Internal Printer Test screen appears.

4. Press Start Test to run the test. The test print routine appears on the printer.

While the test is running, you can press Stop Test to stop it.

If the test fails, follow these guidelines:

• Make sure that the internal printer is the selected printer device on the Utilities screen.

• Make sure that the internal printer is installed correctly. (Return to the main screen and press ENTER. If the paper does not move, the printer may not be installed correctly.)

• Make sure that the thermal paper is threaded with the thermal side toward the printer head (the outside surface of the roll is the thermal surface).

• Contact technical support for more troubleshooting advice.

RS232C Test

The RS232C test allows you to verify that the RS232C port is functional. To run the test, you will need to have the RS232 Test Plug (336035) attached to the RS232C port on the back panel of the instrument. Running the RS232C test takes approximately five minutes.

1. Verify that the RS232 Test Plug is securely attached to the RS232C port on the back panel of the instrument.

2. With the Performance Validation screen displayed, use the arrow keys to highlight

RS232C Test.

3. Press ENTER. The RS232C Test screen

appears.

4. Press Start Test to run the test. When the test is complete, the message "RS232 OK" or RS232 Failed" appears on the screen.

While the test is running, you can press Stop Test to stop it.

If the test fails, follow these guidelines:

• Make sure that the test plug is installed correctly and is not loose or damaged.

• Contact technical support for more troubleshooting advice.

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3-6 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

General information

The spectrophotometer supports a variety of sample-handling accessories. This section describes how to connect and use the following types of accessories:

• Cell holders and cell holder accessories

• Internal printer

• External computer

Cell holders & cell holder accessories

The following table lists the cell holders and cell holder accessories available for the spectrophotometer.

Changing cell holders

If you want to use longpath cells (cylindrical or rectangular), use test tubes, measure solid filters or regulate cell temperature via an external water circulator, you must install the appropriate cell holders. You can easily remove the 6-Position Cell

Connecting & Using Accessories

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual 4-1

Catalog # Description

335916 Single Cell Holder Platform -with single cuvette holder installed.

336014 Test Tube Holder - Accommodates test tubes up to 25mm in diameter and up to 102mm

tall, C.O.D. reagent vials and Hach vials (24mm diameter and 60mm tall); fits on 335927 6-Position Cell Holder (holds three) or 335916 Single Cell Holder Platform (holds one).

335917 Adjustable Filter Holder - Accommodates glass or plastic filters up to 50mm long x

80mm tall x 10mm thick; minimum thickness of 1mm; fits on 335927 6-Position Cell Holder (holds three) or 335916 Single Cell Holder Platform (holds one).

335428 Filter Holder - Accommodates filters/lenses up to 50mm long x 80mm tall x 1-8mm thick;

fits on 335927 6-Position Cell Holder (holds three) or 335916 Single Cell Holder Platform (holds one).

335079 Thermal Block - Controls the temperature of one 10mm pathlength square cuvette within

the range of 20 to 100ºC; fits on 335927 6-Position Cell Holder (holds three) or 335916 Single Cell Holder Platform (holds one); requires external water bath and 335920 Accessory Door for routing circulating water.

336028 Single Cell Holder - Accommodates 10mm test tubes, 10mm square cuvettes, short

pathlength cuvettes with spacers, and 10mm ultra-microcell; fits on 335927 6-Position Cell Holder or 335916 Single Cell Holder Platform.

335911 Cylindrical Longpath Cell Holder - Accommodates a cylindrical cell with 10-50mm

pathlength, 22-25mm diameter; fits on 335927 6-Position Cell Holder (holds three) or 335916 Single Cell Holder Platform (holds one).

335912 Rectangular Longpath Cell Holder - Accommodates a rectangular cell with 10-50mm

pathlength, 12.5mm wide; fits on 335927 6-Position Cell Holder (holds three) or 335916 Single Cell Holder Platform (holds one).

336012 Cylindrical Longpath Cell Holder - Accommodates one cylindrical cell with 10-100mm

pathlength, 22-25mm diameter; requires 335916 Single Cell Holder Platform.

335112 Rectangular Longpath Cell Holder - Accommodates one rectangular cell with 10-100mm

pathlength, 12.5mm wide; requires 335916 Single Cell Holder Platform.

335988 Internal Printer Assembly - Includes 1 roll of paper.

335975* Sipper System - For measurements in the 325-1100 wavelength range; includes 335982

Peristaltic pump, 335171 Optical glass flowcell, 335916 Single cell platform, 335920 Accessory door kit and pump tubing, 110 VAC.

335976* Sipper System - Same as 335975 except for measurements in the 190-1100 wavelength

range, 110 VAC.

Holder installed in the instrument and install other accessory cell holders.

*Whenever you change from one type of cell holder to another, you must measure a blank. This ensures that the instrument can detect which type of cell holder is installed.

Connecting & Using Accessories

4-2 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

Catalog # Description

335982* Peristaltic Pump - Includes set of Norprene pump tubing; used with 335171 Optical

Glass flowcell or 335172 Quartz flowcell and 335920 Accessory Door Kit. 115V, 50/60Hz.

335982-02 Same as 335982 except with Europlug 230 VAC

335982-04 Same as 335982 except with UK plug 230 VAC

335920 Accessory Door Kit - Includes spout and four ports for circulating water around water-

jacketed cells, or for waste outlet for flowcell systems.

335977 Funnel Flowcell - 10mm pathlength, optical glass, for measurements between 335-

1100nm; fits on 335916 Single Cell Holder Platform (holds one).

335927 6-Position Cell Holder - platform with six (6) 336028 single cell holders installed.

333150 SPECTRONIC Standards

336029 Spacers - 5mm, set of 2, for use with 5mm short pathlength cuvettes in any square cell

holder.

336030 Spacers - 8mm, set of 2, for use with 2mm or 1mm short pathlength cuvettes in any

square cell holder.

335942 Serial interface cable to connect the spectrophotometer to an IBM-compatible PC.

331751 Ultra-microcell - 10 µl fill volume, 1mm pathlength, 40mm tall, quartz.

331752 Ultra-microcell - 70 µl fill volume, 10mm pathlength, 50mm tall, quartz. Requires 335916

Single Cell Holder Platform (holds one) for optimal performance

Note: If you want to use 100mm longpath cells, you must install the Single-Position Cell Platform.

*To order an accessory with a Europlug, add -02 to the catalog number. To order an accessory with a UK plug, add -04 to the catalog number.

Internal printer

Installing the internal printer

|| |

WARNING

| || |

Turn off the instrument and disconnect the

| |

power cord from the outlet before installing the

| |

internal printer.

1. Loosen the captive screw (#1, Figure 6) on the

lamp door by rotating it counterclockwise about ¼ turn.

2. Open the lamp door.

3. Use a pen or screwdriver to lift the tabs holding

the door to the hinge (#2 & #3, Figure 6).

4. Slide the door off the hinge.

5. Remove the printer (already installed on the

printer door) from its packing.

6. Unclip the connector wires on the door hinge.

7. Lower the hinge so it is out of the way.

8. Connect the wires (#4, Figure 6) and press into

place with a small screwdriver. There is only one way that the connectors will fit. Each connector has a slight D shape. Make sure the side of the connector with the shiny metal contacts (see Figure 6) and faces away from the printer and towards the plastic door.

9. Use the clip on the hinge to secure the wires.

10. Install the printer door by sliding it back onto

the hinge (#3, Figure 6).

11. Close the lamp door.

12. Tighten the captive screw (#1, Figure 6) on the

printer door to hold it securely in place.

13. Load the paper into the printer (see instructions

in Setting up the instrument).

Loading the paper in the internal printer

For instructions on loading the paper in the internal printer, see Setting up the instrument.

External Printers

The GENESYS 6 is able to print to external desktop printers supporting HP PCL format such as the HP DeskJet 600, 800 and 900 series printers.

Note: PCL format does not support HP

“Windows” printers

To print to an HP PCL format printer, connect the 347070-189 parallel interface cable to the parallel printer port on the back of the instrument (#3, Figure 2).

External computers

To connect an external computer, make sure that the pin-outs on the connectors are set according to the illustration below.

To connect an external computer, connect the computer cable to the 9-pin RS232C port on the back of the instrument (#2, Figure 2). Be sure to use a DB9 pin (female) to DB9 pin (female) interface cable (335942).

Contact technical support for more information about using an external computer with the spectrophotometer.

Connecting & Using Accessories

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual 4-3

Protocol to use with external device:

Baud rate 19,200 Data bits: 8 Parity: Off Stop Bit: 1

Connecting & Using Accessories

4-4 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

GENESYS 10

Function

Transmit Data

Receive Data

GROUND

Clear To Send

Request To Send

DCE Pin

EXTERNAL DEVICE

DTE Pin

25-Pin

9-Pin

420

922

Function

Data Carrier Detect

Receive Data

Transmit Data

Data Terminal Ready

nal Ground

Data Set Ready

Request To Send

Clear To Send

Rin

Indicator

The spectrophotometer is durable and reliable, so routine maintenance is minimal. This section includes complete instructions for:

• Routine care, cleaning and maintenance of the

instrument and cells

• Changing the fuse and voltage setting

This section also includes a list of replacement parts and accessories.

|| |

WARNING

| || |

Operating the instrument with the cover off

| |

exposes the operator to potentially dangerous

| |

voltages and ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

| |

Therefore, the distributor recommends that

| |

only authorized service representatives perform

| |

procedures requiring removal of the instrument

| |

cover and replacement of electrical components.

| |

To protect both yourself and the instrument, be

| |

sure to contact an authorized service

| |

representative to perform any service procedure

| |

you do not feel comfortable performing.

Routine care

Routine care for the spectrophotometer does not require a lot of time. To help minimize maintenance time and to increase the life and performance of your instrument, please follow these guidelines:

• To prevent dust from accumulating on and in

the instrument, always replace the dust cover when the instrument is not turned on. The dust cover, supplied with the instrument, is resistant to most aqueous solutions.

• Do not use or store the instrument in a

corrosive environment.

• Gently wipe the outside of the instrument with

a soft cloth to remove any dust or spills. Water, isopropyl alcohol and other common laboratory cleaning agents may be used if necessary.

• Always clean up spills to prevent or minimize damage to the instrument. If concentrated acids or bases, or any hydrocarbon materials, are spilled on the instrument, be sure to clean up the affected area immediately.

• Use water, alcohol or other common laboratory cleaning agents to clean the keyboard. It is recommended that you clean spills off the keyboard as soon as they occur.

Cleaning

Cleaning and maintenance of cells

Cleaning of cells both inside and out is important not only because any contaminating material may absorb light, but also because material within the cell may react chemically with subsequent reagents or standards introduced into the cell. Cleaning methods depend to some extent on the nature of the contaminating material. Sodium (or ammonium) hydroxide and dilute hydrochloric acid may be used to remove some acidic and basic contaminants, respectively. Clorox (undiluted or 1:1) is very effective in removing proteinaceous and bacterial contaminants. You may also use Cell Cleaning Solution (332260-169) to clean your cells.

Finally, soaking in chromic acid will remove most contaminants, but the acid should be handled, and disposed of, with care. Because of the exothermic reaction of the acid and water, any heat generated should be quickly dissipated to avoid altering the pathlength of the cell. Cells should not be placed in hot chromic acid.

Note: To prepare chromic acid cleaning solution,

slowly add (with stirring) 800mL of concentrated sulfuric acid to 458mL of distilled water containing 92 g of sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7•2H2O). This cleaning solution should be red-brown. Discard, using proper disposal methods, when green tinge appears.

Performing Maintenance Procedures

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual 5-1

WARNING

Handle and dispose of chromic acid with care!

Cells with scratches in the optical path should be discarded because scratches will cause anomalous absorbance readings. Cells should be protected during cleaning and never thrown into a bath with glassware where they might get scratched, or placed in a wire rack that might scratch them. The outside of the cells may be wiped with a soft, lintfree tissue, and should be kept free of fingerprints.

Micro flowcells can be kept clean by:

• Flushing well with a solvent after use

• Aspirating dilute acid, base, non-filming detergent or Clorox through the cell in short bursts

• Storing with distilled water in the cell

Cleaning the windows of the sample compartment

Follow these guidelines to clean the windows of the sample compartment:

• Do not use acetone to clean the windows of the sample compartment. Instead, use a non-abrasive laboratory cleaning solution (Cell Cleaning Solution, 332260-169), distilled water or alcohol.

• Use the liquid and a soft, lint-free cloth to clean the windows. Do not apply too much pressure or the surface of the windows may be damaged. Be sure to remove all fingerprints.

Changing the fuse

The fuse is located in the power entry module located at the center of the back panel of the instrument (Figure 2).

• 120VAC, 2.5A, Slo-Blo

• 240VAC, 1.25A, Slo-Blo (2 required)

See Replacement parts on page 5-3 for a list of replacement part numbers.

|| |

WARNING

| || |

The instrument fuse must be replaced with the

| |

same type and rating fuse.

|| |

WARNING

| || |

If the fuse fails repeatedly, it may indicate a

| |

serious problem with the instrument. Contact

| |

your service representative as soon as possible.

1. Turn off and unplug the instrument.

2. Position the instrument so you can access the

power entry module on the back of the instrument.

3. Remove the power cord.

4. Insert a flat-blade screwdriver into the notch

(Figure 8) on the fuse cover and pry off the cover.

5. Use a flat-blade screwdriver to remove the fuse

holder (Figure 9).

6. Unsnap both fuses (Figure 10) to remove them.

7. Insert the new fuses, pushing them in so they

snap into place.

8. Replace the fuse cover.

9. Replace the power cord.

10. Plug the instrument back in the appropriate

outlet and turn on the power.

Note: If the fuse blows again, contact your

distributor or service at the number(s) listed on the back cover.

Performing Maintenance Procedures

5-2 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

Catalog # Description

335916 Single Cell Platform - with single cuvette holder installed.

336028 Single Cell Holder - Accommodates 10mm test tubes, 10mm square

cuvettes, short pathlength cuvettes with spacers, and 10mm ultra-microcell; fits on 335927 6-Position Cell Holder or 335916 Single Cell Holder Platform.

335927 6-Position Cell Holder - with six (6) 336028 single cell holders installed.

335988 Internal Printer Assembly.

333152 Sensitized Paper - (100 sheets) for SPECTRONIC Standards.

335965 Replacement Dust Cover.

335954 Printer Paper - Package of 5 rolls.

335908-10001 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual.

335901-10020 Service Manual, includes printed service manual and CD ROM.

335901-10040 GENESYS 10 and GENESYS 6 Service Manual, includes CD ROM only.

335971 Replacement silicon tubing for 335982 Peristaltic pump, 5mm OD,

1.5mm ID, 25 foot roll.

Performing Maintenance Procedures

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual 5-3

Replacement parts

Performing Maintenance Procedures

5-4 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

Appendix A - Specifications

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual A-1

Specifications

Table 1 Specifications for GENESYS 6 UV-Visible spectrophotometer

FEATURE SPECIFICATIONS

Optical design Split-beam, grating-based, dual detectors

Spectral bandwidth 1.8nm

Lamp source Xenon; 5 years typical

Wavelength:

Range 190 - 1100nm

Accuracy ± 1.0nm

Repeatability ± 0.5nm

Photometric:

Range 0.3 - 125%T; -0.1 - 3.0 A; ± 9999C

Readout Absorbance, Transmittance, Concentration

Accuracy

0.5% or 0.005A, whichever is greater, up to 2A

Noise

< –

1mA at 0A;

< –

2mA at 2A, peak-to-peak at 340nm

Drift

< – 1mA/hour

Stray light

< –

0.1%T at 220, 340 and 400nm

Scanning Speed 10 -- 2,000nm/min

Slew rate 11,000nm/min

Scanning Sampling Interval 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0nm

Sample Holder Automatic 6-cell positioner

Display 320 x 240 pixel LCD, 96.5 (3.8”) x 71 (2.8”) mm

Keypad Membrane

Disc Drive 3.5" floppy; 1.44 Mb

Test Storage Up to 80 tests in non-volatile memory; floppy disk

Data Storage Floppy disk

Internal Printer (optional) 40-column graphical

Output Bi-directional RS232C; parallel output in HP PCL format

Languages (user selectable) Software and Printout: English, French, German, Spanish, Italian

Operator’s Manual: English, French, German, Spanish, Italian

Power Requirements Selected automatically; 100 - 240 Volts

Dimensions 330W x 410D x 235H mm (13" x 16" x 9")

Weight 9.1 Kg (20.1 lb)

Warranty 1 year

Measured using NIST 930D filters

220nm, 340nm and 400nm measurements with SPECTRONIC Standards (#333150)

Appendix A - Specifications

A-2 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

Table 2 Environmental and electrical

requirements (meets the IEC 1010-1 international safety standard)

Line voltages

100 - 240 VAC ±10%

50 - 60 Hz

80 VA max

Operating environment

Ambient temperature - 5° to 40° C (23° F to 104° F)

Relative humidity - 20% - 80% RH

Storage environment

-20° C to 70° C (24.8° F to 158° F) Relative humidity not to exceed 0.040 pounds moisture per pound of dry air. Allow instrument to adjust to room temperature for 24 hours after taking it out of storage.

Temperature should be maintained at ±4° F. Relative humidity should be maintained to ±5%.

Altitude

From below sea level to 2000 meters (6562 feet)

For indoor use only

Installation Category II

Pollution Degree 2

Appendix B - Parameters

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual B-1

Parameter Description

# of Wavelengths Number of wavelengths set for multiple wavelength analysis

# of wavelengths for Used to determine wavelength accuracy of unit wavelength accuracy

# Phot Accy Standards Used to determine photometric accuracy of unit

%Transmittance Sets transmittance value

Absorbance Sets absorbance value

AutoPrint Turns automatic printout on or off

Baseline Expiration Sets time when baseline will expire

Cell Correction Program that automatically corrects for variances in absorption between the

cuvettes used to hold and measure samples

Cell Pos # Position placed in light path; set by selection of sample positioner

Concentration Sets concentration value

Correction Mode Mode for cell correction collection

Curve Fit Type of Line fit calculation

Delay Time Time from Test Initiation to first measurement; allows for sample equilibration

Factor Abs x Factor 1 = Concentration

Abs/min x Factor 2 = Result

Factor 1 Abs(WL1) x Factor = Result

Factor 2 Abs(WL2) x Factor = Result

Factor 3-31 Abs(WL3-31) x Factor = Result

ID# Numeric Identifier - autoincrements during test until reset or test is exited

Intercept Where line crosses the y-axis (abs where conc=0)

Interval Time Time between repeated readings

Languages Language of any text on screen

Lock/Unlock Used to protect stored tests from accidental deletion or alteration

Low/High Limits Lowest & highest acceptable results, outside of which the result is flagged

as 'Low' or 'High'

Measurement Mode The type of photometric data reported for a measurement

Number of Matched Number of cuvettes that will be run in the Correction Program (maximum of

Cuvettes 5)

Number of Samples Number of samples to be measured in the whole test

Number of Standards Number of standards to be measured for standard curve

Phot Accy Tolerance ±Photometric accuracy acceptable

Pk-Pk Noise Tolerance ±Noise acceptable

Printer Selects output mode

B-2 GENESYS 6 Operator’s ManualB-2 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

Appendix B - Parameters

Parameter Description

Ref Wavelength Internal Reference wavelength; for each reported measurement, measures

analytical wavelength & reference wavelength. Reported measurement = Abs@Analytical WL - Abs@Reference WL

Ref Wavelength Correction Turns internal zeroing on or off

Sample Positioner Type of Positioner -

Empty = no auto turret Manual = turret moved by buttons Auto 3 = turret auto moved - B, 2, 4 Auto 6 = turret auto moved - B,1,2,3,4,5

Save Parameters

Scan Speed nm/min for a scan

Setup Correction Initiates the procedure to collect the data necessary to correct for cuvette

variances

Slope ∆Abs/∆Concentration

SRE Tolerance ±Stray radiant energy acceptable

Standby Time since last keystroke or instrument activity; powers down unit to

minimum energy required.

Start Wavelength Beginning wavelength for a scan

Statistics Turns stats on or off; if ON, calculates average and Std Dev of results;

Statistics registers are cleared when Statistics = OFF &/or when instrument is OFF, &/or when test parameters are changed, &/or when test is saved (or resaved)

Std Concentration Concentration of analyte in standard solution

Stop Wavelength Ending wavelength for a scan

Appendix C - Calculations

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual C-1

Calculations

Table 3 Calculations for Software

Calculation Calculation(s) Graphs

Standard Curves

Partial sums

Linear regression

(general case)

Linear regression

through zero

Segmented model

SX = Σx

SY = Σy

SXX = Σx

SYY = Σy

SXY = Σxiy

SQX = Σ(xi- x_)2= N*SXX - SX

SQY = Σ(yi- y_)2= N*SYY - SY

SSXY = Σ(xi- x_)(yi- y_) = N*SXY - SX*SY

where: xi= concentration of ithstandard

yi= absorbance of ithstandard N=number of standards

A = A(c)

where: A = absorbance

c = concentration

A(c) is defined by an equation of the form

A(c) = a4c4+ a3c3+ a2c2+ a1c + a

where: a

= Y-axis intercept

a1…a4= coefficients

The coefficients are computed using the least squares method.

A= a1* (c)

where: A = absorbance

c = concentration a1= slope

The slope is calculated as

a1= SXY

SXX

This model requires:

• Slope is not equal to zero

• At least one standard data point with concentration not equal to zero

The segmented model requires:

• Data for at least two standard data points with different concentrations and absorbances

• Slopes of all segments must be ascending (positive) OR descending (negative)

Appendix C - Calculations

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual C-2

Calculation Calculation(s) Graphs

Validity of standard curves

Statistics

(Linear regression general case)

Linear regression

through zero model

Absorbance Ratio

Absorbance Difference

A(c1) > A(c2)

for all c1> c

A(c1) < A(c2)

for all c1> c

where: A = absorbance

c1, c2= concentration

If this is not the case, then there will be more than one solution within the specified domain, and the message “Curve cannot be used to determine unknown concentrations - it may produce ambiguous results” will appear when the curve is viewed.

where: n = degree of polynomial

Note: The calculation for the correlation

coefficient only applies to first-order linear regression curves (first-degree polynomials).

Absλ

Absλ1 − Abs

ref

Absλ

Absλ2 − Abs

ref

Result = Absλ

factor 1 - Absλ2∗

factor 2

(Absλ1Absλ

ref

)*factor 1 - (Absλ2- Absλ

ref

)*factor 2

Valid non-linear standard curve

Invalid non-linear standard curve

Appendix C - Calculations

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual C-2

Valid non-linear standard curve

Invalid non-linear standard curve

Appendix C - Calculations

GENESYS.6 Operator’s Manual C-3

Calculation Calculation(s) Graphs

3-Point Net

3-Point Net Absorbance

sample curve

Baseline corrected absorbance =

A2(A3+ ([A1

A3]



)

λ3

Appendix C - Calculations

C-4 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

3-Point Net . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-23

, 2-27, C-3

measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-22

A/%T/C program . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10, 2-11

Absorbance & %Transmittance measurements

2-10

Absorbance Difference .

1-1, 2-18, 2-19, C-2

Absorbance Ratio . . . . .1-1, 2-17, 2-18, C-2

Accessories, connecting & using . . . .1-3, 4-1

Area under a curve, calculating . . . . . . .

2-25

Auto 3/Auto 6 . . . . . . . . .2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 2-11,

2-12, 2-13, 2-14, 2-15, 2-17, 2-18, 2-22,

2-27,

2-29, B-2

AutoPrint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14, B-1

Back panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-1

, 3-6, 5-2

Baseline scan, collecting . . . . . . .2-22, 2-23

Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C-1

Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2, 3-3

Cell Correction program . . . . . . . . .1-4, 2-5,

2-6, 2-7, 2-10, 2-11, 2-13, 2-14, 2-17,

2-18, 2-19, 2-20, 2-22, 2-27, 2-28, B-1

Cell holders & cell holder accessories . . . . . .

2-7

2-8, 3-1, 3-4, 4-1, 4-2, 5-3

Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1

Concentration measurements . . . . .2-8, 2-11

Concentration units . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3, 2-8

Custom units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

Date and time, setting . . . . . . . . . . .1-1, 1-2

External computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

Factor, entering . . . . . . . . . .2-9,

2-10, 2-12

2-13, 2-28, B-1

Fuses, changing . . . .Figures 8, 9 & 10

, 5-2

Glassware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii, 1-3, 5-2

Graphical scan data, rescaling . . . . . . .2-24

High Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14, B-1

Instrument, setting up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1

Intercept . . . . . . . . . . .2-14, 2-15, B-1, C-1

Interface cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2, 4-3

Internal printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

installing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-1, 4-3

setting up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-3

Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1

Interval Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-19, B-1

Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 4

Kinetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-1, 2-19, 2-20

rescaling & recalculating results . . . . . . . .

2-20, 2-22

Language, selecting . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1, 1-2

Lock test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3, B-1

Low Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1

Index

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual I-1

Maintenance procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1

Manual 6 . . . . . .2-7,

2-11,

2-12, 2-13, 2-22

Multiple Wavelengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-28

Noise measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-1, 3-4

Number of Samples . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14, B-1

Paper roll holders, installing . . . . . .Figure 3

Paper, loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1

Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii

Peaks and valleys, labeling . . . . . . . . . .

2-26

Photometric accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-3

Printer, installing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 6

Replacement parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-3

Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i

Sample compartment windows, cleaning .

5-2

Saving a test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1, 2-2

Saving data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B-1

Scan data, viewing & manipulating . . . .

2-23

Scan Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-2

Scanning data . . .2-6, 2-14, 2-22, 2-23, A-1

Screen contrast, setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

Single Cell Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7

Single-Position Cell Holder, installing . . . . . . .

Figure 5

Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14, 2-15, B-2

SmartStart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4, 2-5

Smoothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-25

Software password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1

Spectronic Standards . . . .

3-2, 3-3, 3-5

, 4-2,

5-3

Standard Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13

editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-16

measuring the standards for . . . . . . .

2-14

Standard, measuring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-9

Standby settings, selecting . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

Start Wavelength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-2

Stop Wavelength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-2

Stray Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1, 3-5

Survey Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-23

Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-5

Internal Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-5

recalling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-17

RS232C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6

Total Run Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-2

Total Run Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-19

Unlock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3, B-1

Unlock test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

Utility parameters, setting . . . . . . . . .1-1, 1-3

Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii

Wavelength accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1

internal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1

standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

Wavelength calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1

Index

I-2 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

Z-dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4

Index

GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual I-3

Index

I-4 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

Index

I-4 GENESYS 6 Operator’s Manual

THERMO SPECTRONIC

(North America) 820 Linden Avenue, Rochester, NY 14625, USA Telephone: (800) 654-9955 or (585) 248-4000, Fax: (585) 248-4200 E-Mail: info@thermospectronic.com, Web Site: www.thermospectronic.com

THERMO SPECTRONIC

(Europe) Mercers Row, Cambridge CB5 8HY, UK Telephone: Int +44 (0) 1223 446655, Fax: Int +44 (0) 1223 446644 E-Mail: info@thermospectronic.co.uk, Web Site: www.thermospectronic.com

THERMO SPECTRONIC

(Asia Pacific, Middle East, Africa, India and Latin America) Contact Rochester, New York, USA.

SPECTRONIC is a registered trademark and GENESYS is a trademark of Thermo Spectronic.

Thermo Spectronic is an ISO 9001 Systems Certified Company.

Thermo Electron Spectroscopy

335908-10001, Rev A 03/02 Printed in USA

Spectronic Genesys User manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual